Nenad Mijkov ic Now we can write our conduchon terms je BT orrax|.., > Heat conduction ad rtar . kat arrax|, > Heat condkuction of |Patling every thing together (crergy balance on our combo! volume) ‘ pugTatrar) | -pugTarrar| =-kgranrex|, + ket anor), | Rearanging a dividing by draxar | pucger 2 -k2 (rt or : a oh 2 rat) => Governing energy equation i we mu: sole. \We know thet U= sale | | 20 [i - s|f me = ar 2 (ra ar) > POE sine T-T(xr) [But note thot weve already proven that at - oh =conefant 18 simple energy balance : 9! Bok = paar BT 5x mote, There, pot UG), sime we are ‘deing the cconstan} —vihole cress section of Plow @®Nenad Miljhovic Se now we have to solve fr the radial temperature profile: a *\aT oT ao (-8 Be 7 Par 5 (rr Rearanging ond subbing in m+ | (- £ )4ae -{2 (r at) => ODE, we an solve now (BCs: a] =o (Syramety) | T(r=re) =Ta , pach » once : ie rgt. 4 re i= |e - + EM ons Ly ' C20 sine at ro, His term explods | 4g! [ye rt Tlr) = aes BB ]+G | Using our ood boundary condi tion (Tren) eT) \ W pp z re hoa | a oe 2 | Ga Ta 58 [and | Se cur solution becomes: 2 Ova Sree aeia ele : T(r) = Ty 48 (a8 - a > Quer eaeNenad Miljikovic n UT 2mrdr Now we can solve for Th = Luter Solving (L'l leave the steps for yeu), we obtain: -F -Ldite Th = Tas aAok or Ta-Te = = ae => Not a Rincton of x, mokes sense, since 328 = ST = consfand, Now we can solve for our Nusselt number => Lominar Flow in a tube with constant heot flax condttions. We can do a similar analysis to show had for Q constont wall temperodure boundary condition: > Tw =constant jWe see thet our previous solution of Nug ~4 wos prety close te he exact analytica! solutions. jNote, both of Hese solutions are valid! only it: ke = 209 ¢ 9200 > laminar Fh i oth oy ee hilly devehyped, °° PP We will discuss turbulene a tle beter. @®Nenod Miflovic |Seme physical sighs: | On page 74 a ..rtr~rr.—=S———s—sSCSS [number as the non-dimensional temperature gredien go bl . : Ce ag NM met or mtg Rote i Measure of — Nusself # o-Lk the gradient Ts- Te | This tells us why its so advantageous +o xe to mins or micwo chantel Hows hr cooling. &y reckcii a channel olmension (olameter), we Pie the “Mehue | boundary layer Phiclness Myermall, &) ane! Pump 4p our | heat tanster. Lorge Channel: Micro Channe |? ! ( ~ => @ at ae SS 3 1 ee fen, gar : ta | a =. | ~ 82 = bO ny ad Sore ee 4 | hye She ha = Abe | Oo 0, | Since 0, D,, he 2 hy | This is he direction of research these loys, pushing, amensia 4 de micron ken scale » MOxi Mize A. Ore draw back Ge as je the “excess pumping power required to ove ab-f GER, as Dd, apf ron - linearly since f-@ = Se and Vx 0% | for a constant mh.Nenad Miljkovic To get an order of magnitude fel hr the enhancement hp = 0.6 wink 0, =1em, D, = /00.4m Nu =4 h = Make ~ (iNfo.suhmk) = HO w/e - Nuke . 6 wf: Ke a7 2 hp = “a See = 24 000 W/m? Ke = 24 kin? K Example | Head Exeha ae flowing ina tube, wi co ns ter Moai S| Find Tor given het Tos constant, and Killy developed How. oye A Tow =constant es = Aree, cross a Apply an enegy balance on our contro! volume. ee dT = hPdx Cu- Tr) as : i + Te-Te x : lef T= tet oe Le length of. pipe | x. dTe += OX oT he? dx L pce T ee (TeiTa)dT® = hPLdxt (-T) (ThieTo) phesVcp dT® + hPLT*dxt =ONenad Mi if kovic Te dT" {| APL = ee fib Vp sei : APLx*® _ h nG) phere, ~ © hPL = Tite feta” > Ft = Tein- plies Tp = Tis + Chin Toe pene * So remember here, Te = Te (bulk Maid Ferceredure) / Tb = Tate | POE) ToydA = Note, a Acs page 113 of _ af [Net alto 9 = hPde (Ta - Th) be bud by defnition, h lor Nu) = £CR) For problems like His, alwoys bose properly values on: | Fe Dyin + Thou ee i. 2 Ty oup = Tf, out. Example *2 | Heat exchanger. Thy Fluid 1 he hy Tavs Walle % E — core he ' 7 flad 2. = Using our thermal recistance concepts 'Nenod Miljkovic i | | From our resishorce nelwork, we can write | l oll a U = > = >= wtwmt hi EE-ke ° OR Ww” he” hie | Se now we can onalyze cour heat exchanger : (Perimeter, ) | © —+* mT, Gon (or HTC) —adx lee | ®—> vh, Te g.2 (or: tnytyo) | Across our element dx : dg = -“CdT dg * + rhe dk op ad d(T-4) = dg $= de . dé db) 2dT-ab | But we lenow Ht dy = UPdx (T-£), where Pdx=dA d(T-£ wc EDP def Beas ntegrecing both sides from inlet (a) to cutle} (6), we obteig ng eoeef = GAP BSL © 'For the entire heat exchanger, we know : ¥ @Nenad Mi! ijlovic o of ‘nergy in Feo Berg Keto. (Oe A _ SEND Gin “MC (Te-Ta) = rine (Le-L.) 2 fer Fearang ing * - He = too ty ne i ie Back nits & ® a oO {Rate te y Seote Ee to ua ote me this, we i OS ag: ti -ta)h ale aa) (Ta-T2) + total =J (ned heat fant) Since. a> TAal , now we can write | _ h -th Toy a ste = Ta- ta 8 _ = y { a =UA LMTO) Leg Neon Temperature Oi —_ Note, it doesn] matter which side is a and_b. You can reverse ‘band shill get le same answer, (i.e. swith a. 3) Tt also deen't matter which direction. he flows are ; as long as "0" and 'b" reter to some phrysical veling ji en ee @Nenad Miljkovic : T Povallel Flow! SH TH . fe a —b = 5, tO te : m, x i a ’ Counter Flow: : T wT _ Sa a o-————1b > +—_— tod Te tot A ’ ‘Think of #e LMTO as © convenient won a define a aT efween two streams whose Neen ee is continuously , Varying. ENO OF LECTURE [8 ——————— | Spetial Gse > Calanced counter flow heat exchanger ee Mem , and C=c, then the LMTO becomes | undefined : i _ Ob - ok LMTO = “Gy ) abeT-E [tee ee PD & > undebed | The Woy to resolve this 1s the Following : | Suppose ATb=ATA+E , where E~1 LUTO = ATa + € -aTa a € In § STate 6 In(1t [Gut we now that In(irx) =x for xeed | =) 2 [ aoe | n(i+&) =£ > LTO = E ATa=sTb=aT | Te for E44 1So our undefined problem is resolved.