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COVENANT UNIVERSITY
CANAANLAND, KM 10, IDfROKO ROAD
P.!vf.B 102,3, OTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.
TI'CT£ OF E..XA.MINA110N: B Eng LXA\1 1T\ATlc ),'\
COi LEGE: SCII.:i\C:L l\:"\D TECI I~OLO(; Y
SCHOOL: l·,\'.CINEEIUNG
DEPARTMENT: PFTROLU1l\f fNCJNLERJNC
SFSSION: 2017/2018 SEMFSI1:R: ALPHA
COURSE CODE: PI·T 5 12 CRFJ)ff UN1T: a
COURSETffLE: NATURAL GAS ENGINEERING
INSTRUCTION: Answer all questions in section A and any Two {2) Questions
from Section B.
TIME: 3 lIOURS

SECTION A
Answer ~ill (h e questions i n ~cction

()1, c>-. t irm !

( a) What d o you understa nd by the t e rr~ Natura l G 3 1,7 ( 3m k s )
(b) Define th e t e rm Natura l Gas Process1n,i. ( 2 mks)
(~ l'T>kS)
( c ) List six applications of Natural Gas. . , - . .
(d} With the aid of a schemati c well f.;'! !;ie led d1 ae. " .,, '- , . .1 u~:,srwe t he steps involved in Natural
eas processing. . t12mks}

Question 2 . .
(a) list four distinct units involved in the transm1ss10, 1v 1 gas to ne_co.,~u
r n- mer (2mks)
(bl The general energy balance equation for a steady-st ate; system 1s written below,
mu 2 2 mgzz
U +p V +m'l1z +mgz1 +Q -- W':= 1'z + p .,Vz + Zgc + 9c
1 1 1 Zgc gc , , , b . t·
By St['.ting all assumptions and clearly defining all ten..,s shvw t11at the \\ CJ mout equa 100

can be expressed=by ; Tb * ~ /) DH'/, (llmks)

1 8 062
qIt ' Pb . ✓~TLz

1
 h I 12 09 inches diameter pipe
(t ) /\ r,as wit'1 spNif,c gravity of 0 .6S is t o b£> t ransport e d t roug ' ;i · · . while thP
400
aero'>\ ;1 d;,;t anct> ot 100 miles If thC' in\£>1 prcs,;urc is take n to b_e fpS•/~ . _-
II
outlet ptC's-:.urC' is 200psia. Calculate t he gas flow rate ( (qr,h )in cu t uc;,ng, ·
re are s200R and 14.7 p, ta
Weymouth equatio n if the base tempe rature an d press u
respettively.
(Smks)
Additional data, e = 0 .0006 and T Is S20° R
. . · · th~ same presc;urc drop
(d) I hw, can we hoost the thro ughput of a pipeline w h ile mamtmnmg ·
and le vel? (l mk)

SECT ION B

Answer two questions only in this section

Ques tion 3
(a) State four (4) condit ions tha t promote hydrate form ation and two categories of hydrates in gas
transpo rtation a nd proc.cs5ing equipment. (6mks)
(b) State three (3} reason5 why natural gas must be sw eete ne d \3mks) .• ..
y

(c) Briefly d iscuss the four (4) natural gas swe ete ning m ethods \Gmks)

Questio n 4
A dry gas reservoir contains gas of the foll owing composition:
Compound Mole Fraction Pc (psia) Tc ( 0 R)
Methane 0.75 673.1 343.2
Ethane 0.20 708.3 504.8
n-Hexane 0.05 440.1 914.2
Total
1

The initial reservoir pressure was 4200 psia, w ith a tempe rature of 180f.1 he reservoir has been
producing for some .time . Howe ver, two pressure surveys have been made at dltterent times
with the following data:

P/Z (psia) Gp {MMMSCF)

4600 0
3700 . 1
2800 2 \

(a) What will be the cumulative gas produced when the average reservoir pressure has dropped
to 2000 psia? (9mks)
(b) Estimate the gas initially in place (3mks).

2
 (( l /\ \\Umiri11 11i,. ,,. rrvo,r rock h,h a l)l>ro~i;y o f 11%, th<· w ,1ft r '> 1turation is 30% dnrl tbe
1{'\('r\' O'' rh1ri·nt>S\ 1s l S ft, how m.1riy acre~ do"~ t he reservoir covcrs? (3mks).

()uC', tion ~
(;1} 8nC'fly t>xp1..1iri the following t rr rm
I LOP!: (3mks}
II HDPf (3mks}
Ill PVC (3mks)
(b) W,th the aid of a schematic well fab£:>led diagram, briefly describe the steps involved in the
produc.t1on of Poly Vinyl Chloride (6mks)

Qu(•\lion 6
The data bt-low were reported for a flow- aftn-fl ow or four point.~ test in a gas wdl. At each
rate, pseudosteady state w a<; reached. Ini tial (1.c , before the tc'.-.1) shut - in Bl IP. was detcm1ined
to be 408.2 psia
s ·1ABILIZED FLOW T EST DATA
Tt•st Pwf( ~ -----
-- <l,q (MMscf/J)) __ ]
1 40J •.1 4.288
2 39-tO 9.26:-
--------- --)5.~52
-
.___ J 378.5
20.177
--- --
- 4 362.6 -·
Fstimat~ th~ AOF of the tested well us ing :
1. The Empirical method (7! mks)
II. The theoretical flow equation (7~ mks)