The concept of Mole

A mole of a substance is 6.02 x 1023 representative particles of that substance and is the SI unit for
measuring the amount of substance.

Refers to the species present in a

Avogadro’s Number substance, atoms for elements and
molecules for compounds.

Example.

Stoichiometry Ms. Airinne Guardo – 10th Grade - GAC

 Converting between number of particles and moles
The relationship 1 mol= 6.02 x 1023 representative particles is the basis for the following conversion factors:

Sample Problem 1.
Magnesium is a light metal used in the manufacture of aircraft, automobile wheels, and tools. How many moles of
magnesium is 1.25 x 1023 atoms of magnesium?

Stoichiometry Ms. Airinne Guardo – 10th Grade - GAC

 Converting between number of particles and moles
Sample Problem 2.
Propane is a gas used for cooking and heating. How many molecules and atoms are in 2.12 mol of propane?

Practice Exercises
1. How many moles is 2.80 x1024 atoms of silicon?
2. How many moles is 2.17 x 1023 molecules of Bromine?
3. How many atoms are in 1.14 mol of sulfur trioxide?
4. How many carbon atoms are in 2.12 mol of propane? How many hydrogen atoms are in 2.12 mol of propane?
Stoichiometry Ms. Airinne Guardo – 10th Grade - GAC
 Molar Mass
The mass of a mole of an element is its molar mass.
The molar mass of any
element contains 1 mol or
6.02x1023 atoms of that
element.

Stoichiometry Ms. Airinne Guardo – 10th Grade - GAC

 Molar Mass
To find the mass of a mole of a compound, you must know the formula of the compound. Find the number of
grams of each element in one mole of compound, then add the masses of the elements in the compound.

Stoichiometry Ms. Airinne Guardo – 10th Grade - GAC

 Molar Mass
Sample problem

The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide provides sufficient energy to launch a rocket. What is the molar
mass of hydrogen peroxide?

Practice Exercises

1. Find the molar mass of phosphorous trichloride.

2. What is the mass of 2.5 mol of sodium hydrogen carbonate?

Stoichiometry Ms. Airinne Guardo – 10th Grade - GAC
 Mole-Mass Relationships

Stoichiometry Ms. Airinne Guardo – 10th Grade - GAC

 Mole-Mass Relationships

Practice exercises
1. Calculate the mass, in grams, of 1.75 mol of Iron (II) hydroxide.
2. Calculate the number of moles in 78 g of dinitrogen trioxide.
Stoichiometry Ms. Airinne Guardo – 10th Grade - GAC
 Mole-Volume Relationships
Equal volumes of gases at the temperature and pressure contain equal number of
Avogadro’s hypothesis
particles.
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP): a temperature of 0°C and a pressure of 101.3 kPa, or 1
atmosphere (atm).
At STP, 1 mol, or 6.02 x 1023 representative particles of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 L.
Molar Volume of a gas
The molar volume is used to convert between the number of moles of a gas and the volume of the gas at
STP.
The conversion factors for these calculations are based on the relationship 22.4 L = 1 mol at STP.

Stoichiometry Ms. Airinne Guardo – 10th Grade - GAC

 Mole-Volume Relationships

Practice Exercises

Stoichiometry Ms. Airinne Guardo – 10th Grade - GAC

 Mole-Volume Relationships

Practice Exercise

1. A gaseous compound composed of sulfur and oxygen has a density of 3.58 g/L at STP. What is the molar
mass of this gas?
2. What is the density of Krypton gas at STP?

Stoichiometry Ms. Airinne Guardo – 10th Grade - GAC

 Summary

Stoichiometry Ms. Airinne Guardo – 10th Grade - GAC

 Percent Composition of a Compound
The relative amounts of the elements in a compound are expressed as the percent composition or the
percent by mass of each element in the compound.

If you know the relative masses of each element in a compound, you can calculate the percent
composition of the compound.

Stoichiometry Ms. Airinne Guardo – 10th Grade - GAC

 Percent Composition of a Compound
Percent by mass of element

Is the number of grams of the element divided by the mass in grams of the compound, multiplied by 100%.

Sample Problem

When a 13.6 g sample of a compound containing only magnesium and oxygen is decomposed, 5.4 g of
oxygen is obtained. What is the percent composition of this compound?

Stoichiometry Ms. Airinne Guardo – 10th Grade - GAC

 Percent Composition of a Compound
Percent from the chemical formula

Sample Problem

Propane (C3H8), the fuel commonly used in gas grills, is one the compounds obtained from petroleum.
Calculate the percent composition of the propane.

Stoichiometry Ms. Airinne Guardo – 10th Grade - GAC

 Percent Composition of a Compound
Calculating the mass of an element in a compound using percent composition

Sample Problem

Calculate the mass of carbon and the mass of hydrogen in 82 g of propane (C3H8).

Stoichiometry Ms. Airinne Guardo – 10th Grade - GAC

 Percent Composition of a Compound
Practice Exercises

1. When a 14.2 g sample of Mercury (II) oxide is decomposed into its elements by heating, 13.2g of Hg is
obtained. What is the percent composition of the compound?

2. Calculate the percent composition of sodium hydrogen sulfate.

3. Calculate the mass of Nitrogen in 125 g of ammonium nitrate.

Stoichiometry Ms. Airinne Guardo – 10th Grade - GAC