CRYSTALLIZER

KRISTALISER : BATCH DAN KONTINYU.

Dengan dasar bahwa kristalisasi terjadi jika kondisi larutan supersaturasi,
maka kristaliser harus berfungsi tempat membuat larutan supersaturasi.
Klasifikasi alat dalam membuat kondisi ini:
▪mendinginkan larutan tanpa penguapan.
▪Contoh : tank and batch type.
▪menguapkan solven dengan sedikit atau tanpa pendinginan.
▪Contoh: rangkaian evaporator-kristaliser dan crystalizing evaporator.
▪kombinasi pendinginan dan evaporasi dalam adibatic evaporator vacuum
crystalizer.
▪Contoh : vacuum crystalizer.
- tipe 1 : berlaku bagi padatan yang mempunyai kurva kelarutan menurun dg tajam
terhadap suhu
- tipe 2 dan 3 : kurva solubility berubah sedikit terhadap suhu
Adibatic evaporator vacuum crystalizer : latutan panas dimasukkan ke dalam sistem vakum,
solven mengalami flash atau penguapan dan larutan menjadi dingin secara adiabatis
Klasifikasi lain : peralatan kristalisator untuk suspensi kristal yang tumbuh
- suspensi diagitasi dalam tangki
- suspensi disirkulai melalui heat exchanger
- suspensi disirkulasi dalam srapped surface HE
circulating magma method : Supersaturated liquid berkontak dengan kristal yang
tumbuh, magma dari kristal dan alrutan supersaturated disirkulasi tanpa pemisahan
padatan dari cairannya ; kristalisasi dan supersaturasi terjadi bersamaan
Contoh : Mixed-Suspension, Mixed-Product-Removal Crystallizers

Circulating liquid method : larutan supersaturated dilewatkan dalam fluidized bed

dari kristal
Forced-Circulation
Evaporator-Crystallizer
Draft-Tube-Baffle (DTB) Evaporator-Crystallizer

use circulators located within

the body of the crystallizer
Draft-Tube (DT) Crystallizer

fines destruction is not needed or wanted

the baffle is omitted
Surface-Cooled Crystallizer

use a forced-circulation tube-and-

shell exchanger in direct
combination with a draft-tube-
crystallizer body
 Direct-Contact-Refrigeration Crystallizer

it is necessary to go to such low

temperatures that cooling by the use of
refrigerants is the only economical
solution

it is convenient to admix the

refrigerant with the slurry being
cooled in the crystallizer
 Reaction-Type Crystallizers

In chemical reactions in which

the end product is a solid-
phase material such as a crystal
or an amorphous solid

By mixing the reactants in a large circulated stream of

mother liquor containing suspended solids of the
equilibrium phase, it is possible to minimize the driving
force created during their reaction and remove the heat
of reaction through the vaporization of a solvent,
normally water.
Mixed-Suspension, Classified-Product-Removal Crystallizers

Many of the crystallizers just described can be designed for classifiedproduct discharge.
Classification of the product is normally done by means of an elutriation leg suspended
beneath the crystallizing body as shown in Fig. 18-66.
Classified-Suspension Crystallizer
growth or Oslo crystallizer

characterized by the production

of supersaturation in a circulating
stream of liquor.
Oslo surface-cooled crystallizer
Scraped-Surface Crystallizer

For relatively small-scale applications a number of crystallizer designs employing

direct heat exchange between the slurry and a jacket or double wall containing a
cooling medium have been developed.
The heat-transfer surface is scraped or agitated in such a way that the deposits cannot
build up.
Recompression Evaporation-Crystallization
 Batch Crystallization[

In any batch process the common mode of

operation involves
• charging the crystallizer with concentrated or
near-saturated solution,
• producing supersaturation by means of cooling
the batch or evaporating solvent from the
batch,
• seeding the batch by means of injecting seed
crystals into the batch or by allowing
homogeneous nucleation to occur,
• reaching the final mother-liquor temperature
and concentration by some time-dependent
means of control, and
• stopping the cycle so that the batch may be
dumped into a tank for processing by
successive steps, which normally include
centrifugation, filtration, and/or drying
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