RECTIFIERS

Single-phase uncontrolled rectifier

Single-phase half-wave uncontrolled rectifier

Single-phase full-wave uncontrolled rectifier

Single-phase bridge uncontrolled rectifier

Half Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier Circuit
Full Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier Circuit
Full Wave Uncontrolled Bridge
Rectifier
 Single-phase controlled
(controllable) rectifier
Single-phase half-wave controlled rectifier

Single-phase bridge fully-controlled rectifier

Single-phase full-wave controlled rectifier

Single-phase bridge half-controlled rectifier

 Single-phase half-wave
controlled rectifier
u2
Resistive load b)
0 ωt1 ππ 2 2π ωt
ug π
VT c)
T
0 ωt
uVT id ud

u1 u2 ud R d)
0 α θ ωt
uVT

e)

a) 0 ωt
 Single-phase half-wave
controlled rectifier
Inductive (resistor-inductor) load
u2

b)
V id 0 ωt1 π 2π ωt
T T ug

uVT c)
0 ωt
a) u1 u 2 d
u ud
+ +
d)
0 α ωt
id
e)
0 θ ωt
uVT

f)
0 ωt
 Single-phase bridge
fully-controlled rectifier
ud(id)
Resistive load ud
id
b)
0 α π α ω

VT 1

VT 3
id
T i2 t
a u
VT1,

u u ud R c) 4
1 2
0 ω
b i2 t
d)
VT2

VT 4
0
ωt
a)
For thyristor: maximum forward voltage, maximum reverse
voltage
Advantages:
– 2 pulses in one line cycle
– No DC component in the transformer current
 Single-phase full-wave
controlled rectifier

u
i1 VT1 d
T
u2
u1
u2 VT ud O α ωt
2 R i
1

O ωt

a) b)

Transformer with center tap

Comparison with single-phase bridge fully-controlled rectifier
 Single-phase bridge
half-controlled rectifier
u2

b)
O ω
t
ud α

VT 1

VT 2
i2 id
T a
L O ωt
id

VDR
u ud
Id
2
i O Id ωt
b R iVTVD
1
4
i O π−α Id ωt
VD4
VD3

i VTVD
2
3
π−α
i OVDR Id ω
t
O α ω
i2 Id
t
O ω
Half-control Id t
Comparison with fully-controlled rectifier
Additional freewheeling diode
Another single-phase bridge
half-controlled rectifier

VD3
VT1
T
load
u2

VD4
VT2
Comparison with previous circuit:
– No need for additional freewheeling diode
– Isolation is necessary between the drive circuits of the two
thyristors
Summary of some important
points in analysis
When analyzing a thyristor circuit, start from a diode circuit with
the same topology. The behavior of the diode circuit is exactly
the same as the thyristor circuit when firing angle is 0.
A power electronic circuit can be considered as different linear
circuits when the power semiconductor devices are in different
states. The time-domain behavior of the power electronic
circuit is actually the combination of consecutive transients of
the different linear circuits.
Take different principle when dealing with different load
– For resistive load: current waveform of a resistor is the same as
the voltage waveform
– For inductive load with a large inductor: the inductor current can
be considered constant
Three-phase controlled
(controllable) rectifier
Three-phase half-wave controlled rectifier
(the basic circuit among three-phase rectifiers)

Three-phase bridge fully-controlled rectifier

(the most widely used circuit among three-phase
rectifiers)
2.2.1 Three-phase half-wave
controlled rectifier
Resistive load, α = 0º
ua ub uc
u2

O ωt1 ωt2 ωt3 ωt

T
VT1 u
G

VT2 O ωt
ud
VT3
ud
O ωt
iVT
R id 1

O ωt
uVT 1
O ωt
Common-cathode connection
uab u
Natural commutation point
Resistive load, α = 45º

u2 u u u
a b c

O ωt
T
VT1 uG
O ωt
VT2 ud

VT3
ud O ωt1 ωt
iVT1
R id ω
O
uVT t
1 uac
O ωt

uab uac
Resistive load, α = 90º

u2 ua ub uc

T O ωt
VT1
VT2 uG

ud VT3 O ωt
u d

R id
O ωt
iVT
1

O ωt
 Three-phase bridge
fully-controlled rectifier
Circuit diagram d1
VT1
id
T ia VT3 VT 5
a load ud
n b c

VT VT VT
4 6 2

d2
Common-cathode group and common-anode group of
thyristors
Numbering of the 6 thyristors indicates the trigger sequence.
Resistive load, α = 0º
u2 α = 0°ua ub uc
ud1

O ωt1 ωt
ud2
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ
u2L uab uac ubc uba uca ucb uab uac
ud

O ωt

iVT

1
O ωt
uab uac ubc uba uca ucb uab uac
u VT
1

O ωt

uab uac
Resistive load, α = 45º
ud1 α = 30°ua ub uc

O ωt1 ωt

ud2
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ
ud uab uac ubc uba uca ucb uab uac

O ωt

uVT uab uac ubc uba uca ucb uab uac

1

O ωt

uab uac
ia

O ωt
Resistive load, α = 90º
α = 60°
ud1 ua ub uc

ωt1
O ωt
ud2
uab uⅠ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ
ac ubc uba uca ucb uab uac
ud

O ωt

uVT
1
uac uac

O ωt uab

26
Resistive load, α = 120º ua ub uc ua ub
ud1

O ωt ud2
ud uab uac ubc uba uca ucb uab uac ubc uba

O ωt

id

O ωt
iVT

O1 ωt
ia

O ωt
Inductive load, α = 0º
u2 α = 0° ua ub uc
ud1

O ωt1

ωt
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ
udd2
u2L uab uac ubc uba uca ucb uab uac

O ωt id

O ωt
1
iVTO ωt
Inductive load, α = 45º
α = u30° ub uc
ud1 a

O ωt1
ωt
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅵ
ud2
Ⅴ
ud uab uac ubc uba uca ucb uab uac

O ωt id

O
ωt

ia
O
ωt
Inductive load, α = 120º
α = 90° ub uc ua
u d1

O ωt1

ωt
uab uac ubc u u u u
ba ca cb ab uac
u
ud2 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ

O ωt

uVT uac uac

O ωt
uab