FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES

LABORATORY REPORT

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(CHM 421)

Title Neutralisation Capacity Of Commercial Antacid Tablet

No Experiment 3

Name Nur Qistina Sofia Binti Zakaria

Student Id Number 2019268758

Lecturer’s Name Sir Mohd Hafiz Yaakob

Date Of Experiment 7th October 2019

Submission Date 21st October 2019

ABSTRACT
In aqueous solution, a compound that produces OH -ions upon dissolving often called base
while the compound that produce H + when dissolve in water is termed as acid. When the
product of the experiment is salt and water, then the reaction is acid and base called a
neutralisation process. Usually all the OH - ions present will react with all H + ions that are
present in an aqueous solution. The chemical equation is:

H+ (aq) + OH– (aq) → H2O (l)

Phenolphthalein indicator is used in this experiment in order to determine the

whether the solution have been completely neutralised or not. Indicator changes colour in a
certain condition where the pH value is within (7-10), the scale used to measure the acidity
of that particular solution. The endpoint is termed when the indicator changes it colour.

The molarity of the HCL solution that have been standardised against the NAOH
solution have been calculated which is 0.912 M. The number of moles of acid neutralised
calculated is 0.3309 mole/g.

OBJECTIVES

1) To Prepare Hydrochloric Acid Solution

2) To Standardise the Acid against Sodium Hydroxide
3) To Determine Neutralisation Capacity of a Commercial Antacid Acid

INTRODUCTION
Primary standard is a reagent that can be obtained in a very pure, stable and easily weighed
form. Hydrochloric acid is not a primary standard because it its concentrated solution
vapourises rapidly at room temperature. In this experiment, we will standardise a standard
sodium hydroxide solution which had been prepared during experiment 2 against a
concentration of hydrochloric acid solution. Firstly, we need to prepare an approximate
concentration hydrochloric acid. Standard solution is a solution of accurately known
concentration. Once we obtained the accurate molarity of the hydrochloric acid solution, it
is referred to standard solution. HCL is standardise against the NAOH which is secondary
standard to make it is a tertiary standard solution. This standardised HCL solution will then
use to determine the neutralisation capacity of a commercial antacid tablet. Back-titration
concept also applied in this experiment,

Antacid work by neutralising excess acid in the stomach as it contains active

ingredients such as carbonate ion (CO32-) or hydroxide ion (OH-). The purpose of this
experiment is to determine the mass and percentage of hydroxide ions or equivalent
hydroxide that is present in tablet, where one mole of carbonate is equivalent to the
neutralising capacity of two moles of hydroxide. The amount of hydrochloric acid that it can
neutralised it actually the neutralising capacity of the tablet. The antacid acid requires the
presence of HCL to dissolve as it is not dissolve in water alone. Only some of the added HCL
react with the base present in the tablet because HCL is in excess. The remaining amount of
HCL is analysed with the standard NAOH solution obtained from experiment 2. The
remaining HCL gives the amount of HCL reacts with the antacid and the neutralisation
capacity of the antacid tablet. The mass and percentage of hydroxide or equivalent
hydroxide can be obtain by calculated the amount of HCL that reacts in the tablet.

PROCEDURE
A. Preparation of the Hydrochloric Acid Solution

The volume of 6.0M HCL that needed to prepare 250mL of 1.0M HCL was calculated. The
rough volume of distilled water required also calculated. About 80% of the required
distilled water was poured into a 500mL conical flask. The calculated volume of 6.0M
HCL was measured and transferred using graduated cylinder to the conical flask. Distilled
water was added to make up to 250mL mark on the conical flask. The flask was carefully
covered with parafilm and the solution mix well. Parafilm is expandable so a small pieces
of it will do the job well. The solution labelled.

B. Standardise of the Acid against Sodium Hydroxide

In this procedure, the secondary standard NaOH solution (from experiment 2) will be
used to standardise the HCL solution prepared above to form a tertiary standard.

A 50mL burette was rinsed and filled with standard NaOH solution. The initial reading
recorded after checking and removing the air bubbles at the burette’s tip. 10.00mL of
prepared hydrochloric acid was accurately pipetted and transferred into clean conical
flask. About 20mL distilled water followed by three drops phenolphthalein indicator
added to the flask and was titrated to the end-point with the standard NaOH solution.
The final reading of the titrant was recorded. This titration was repeated at least two
more times.

C. Determination of Neutralisation Capacity of an Antacid Acid

The above burette containing the NaOH solution was refilled. Any air bubbles that
present at the tip was checked and removed. The initial reading recorded. One antacid
acid obtained in the laboratory. The tablet was weighed and its mass recorded, without
touching the tablet with our hands. The antacid acid tablet was crushed using a mortar
and pestle. The crush tablet was split into three samples (depending on the weight of
the whole tablet) of about similar weights. Each sample was weighed to the nearest
milligram. The mass of each crushed samples in laboratory recorded in the notebook.
Each sample was transferred to a clean 250mL conical flasks.

25mL of distilled water was measured approximately and was poured to the flask.
25mL of standard acid was dispensed carefully and accurately using a volumetric pipette
 into the flask containing the crushed tablet. Be careful not to spill any samples due to
very strong heat. The flask checked by using litmus paper and only contained the
remaining acid solution.

The solution was let to cool down to room temperature by carefully placing the flask
in a beaker of tap water. 5 drops of phenolphthalein indicator was added to the solution.
The indicator changes colour from colourless (acid) to red (base). Be very careful with
the titration because the end-point is the pale pink colour. The experiment repeated
with the other two samples. All data recorded into lab notebook.

DATA AND RESULTS

Experiment 3: Neutralisation Capacity of Commercial Antacid Tablet

 A) Preparation of the Hydrochloride Acid Solution

Volume of 6.0M HCL taken = 41.67mL

B) Standardisation of the Acid against Sodium Hydroxide

Volume of the acid used (mL) 10.00

Final reading of NAOH 57.00mL

Initial reading of NAOH 0.00mL

Volume of NAOH used 57.00mL

Table 1: Data for standardise of acid against NAOH

C) Determination of Neutralisation Capacity of an Antacid Acid

Weight of one whole antacid acid = 0.6987 g

1 2 3

Weight of crushed antacid acid 0.2373 g 0.2423 g 0.2475 g

Volume of standard HCL added 25.00 mL 25.00 mL 25.00 mL

Final reading of standard NAOH 117.00 mL 122.00 mL 114.00 mL

Initial reading of standard NAOH 0.00 mL 0.00 mL 0.00 mL

Volume of standard NAOH used 117.00 mL 122.00 mL 114.00 mL

Table 2: Data for neutralisation capacity of antacid acid

CALCULATION

A) Preparation of the Hydrochloride Acid Solution

Molarity1 of HCL = 6.0M

Molarity2 of HCL = 1.0M

Volume1 of HCL =?

Volume2 of HCL = 250mL

By using formula M1V1 = M2V2

(6.0M) x V1 = (1.0M) x (250mL)

(6.0M)V1 = 250

V1 = (250 / 6.0) = 41.67mL

B) Standardisation of the Acid against Sodium Hydroxide

Rough:
Molarity of NAOH used get from Experiment 2 = 0.16M
HCL (aq) + NAOH (aq)  NACL (aq) + H20 (l)
Mole of NAOH = Volume of NAOH x molarity of NAOH
= 57.0x10-4 L x 0.16 M
= 0.00912 mole of NAOH
Based on chemical equation:
1 mole of NAOH = 1 mole HCL
Mole of HCL = Volume of HCL x molarity of HCL
= 57.0x10-4 L x 0.16 M
= 0.00912 mole of HCL
Molarity of HCL = 0.00912 mole/ 0.01
= 0.912 M

C) Determination of Neutralisation Capacity of an Antacid Acid

Mg(OH)2 + 2HCL  MgCl + 2H2O
 Moles of HCL needed with antacid = total number moles of HCL – mole of HCL react
with NAOH
Total number mole of HCL = (1.0) x (0.25)
= 0.25 mole
Moles of NAOH (titrated) = (0.16) x (117.7) / 1000
= 0.0188 mole
1 mole of NAOH is equivalent to 1 mole of HCL based in the equation. Therefore,
0.0188 mole of NAOH needed to 0.0188 mole of HCL.
Moles of HCL needed = 0.0188 mole
Mole of HCL reacts with antacid = 0.25mole – 0.0188mole
= 0.2312 mole
Therefore, mole of HCL neutralised / mass of antacid tablet is equal to acid
neutralising capacity / mass of antacid acid
Weight of one whole antacid tablet = 0.6987g
= 0.2312 mole / 0.6987 g
= 0.3309 mole/g

DISCUSSION
In this experiment, concentrated hydrochloric acid solution is used to standardise against
sodium hydroxide solution prepared in experiment 2. Firstly, we need to prepare the
hydrochloric acid solution by calculated the volume of 6.0M HCL that need to prepare
250mL of 1.0M HCL. From the second experiment, in order to determine the molarity of
concentrated hydrochloric acid solution through titration we can used NAOH to standardise
the acid. An indicator is a chemical that changes colours. To visually determine the
endpoint, three drops of phenolphthalein indicator was added to the reaction. By using
phenolphthalein indicator, the colour changes to pale pink when the solution is
standardised. From the third experiment which is to determine the neutralisation capacity
of an antacid tablet, we need to use the titration method as well. Antacids are bases that
react stoichiometry with acid. Firstly, obtained the antacid tablet in the laboratory and
weighed it mass. After that, crushed the tablet and placed in a conical flask and will dissolve
with a known excess amount of HCL. The solution will be titrated with base which is NAOH
to determine the amount of acid not neutralised by the tablet. Make sure the conical flask
contained antacid is acidic enough before start the titration. To find the number of moles of
acid neutralised, the number of moles of acid neutralised in the titration is subtracted from
the moles of acid in the initial solution.
The molarity of the HCL solution that have been standardised against the NAOH
solution have been calculated which is 0.912 M. While, weight of one whole antacid tablet
obtained in this experiment is 0.6987g. The number of moles of acid neutralised calculated
is 0.3309 mole/g.

There were few errors that might have occurred throughout the experiment. Firstly,
parallax error while taking reading of solution in burette. Secondly, burette was not rinsed
thoroughly with the NAOH solution that was to be used might which altered the accuracy of
titration. Thirdly, air bubbles were present near the burette tip. Moreover, titration was
done with the funnel still being left on top of burette, so the volume in the burette was not
precise. Finally, all the apparatus used might not be rinsed with the distilled water before
used it.
There are some safety precautions that we can apply in order to get the exact result
of the experiment. Firstly, keep eye level perpendicular to the meniscus of burette to avoid
parallax error. Next, make sure to rinse the burette thoroughly with the solution that is to
be used before start the titration to get the accurate result for the experiment.

CONCLUSION

In a conclusion, the hydrochloric acid had been prepared. From second experiment the
molarity of the HCL that have been standardised against the NAOH solution has been
determine to be 0.912 M. The amount of hydrochloric that can be neutralised by the
crushed sample that have analysed is 0.3309 mole/g. Therefore, the objectives of this
experiment achieved.

REFERENCES
Albert Scot (2015 April; 17). 6—Acid Neutralizing Power of Commercial Antacids. Retrieved
from https://www.jmu.edu/chemistry/132%20Lab/Exp%206--Determination%20of%20Acid
%20Neutralizing%20Power%20of%20an%20Ant%20Acid%20Tablet.pdf
Z Gastroenterol. (2013 Mar;21).[Determination of neutralization capacity of antacids in
gastric juice]. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6858409.

QUESTIONS

1. The reaction between concentrated acid and water can release a lot of heat. I f you do
the reverse, the acid is already there and any water that is added
will immediately react with all the acid that is already there and
may splash acid all over the place.
2. Mg(OH)2 (s) + 2HCl (aq)  MgCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l)
3. MgCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq)  MgCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l) + CO2 (g)