Name : Anggraeni Mega Hapsari

SRN : P1337430119052

Class : 1B

Dzung L. Pham, Chenyang Xu, and Jerry L. Prince. (2000) Current methods in medical
image segmentation, ##, 316-327

From https://www.annualreviews.org.doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.2.1.315

INTRODUCTION

Diagnostic imaging is an invaluable tool in medicine. Magnetic resonance imaging

(MRI), computed tomography (CT), digital mammography, and other imaging modalities
provide an effective means for noninvasively mapping the anatomy of a subject. These
technologies have greatly increased knowledge of normal and diseased anatomy for medical
research and are a critical component in diagnosis and treatment planning.

PROCEDURES
Several common approaches have appeared in the recent literature on medicalimage
segmentation. Each is define as method, provide an overview of its implementation, and
discuss its advantages and disadvantages. Although each technique is described separately,
multiple techniques are often used in conjunction for solving different segmentation
problems.
The segmentation methods are divide into eight categories: (a) thresholding
approaches, (b) region growing approaches, (c) classifiers, (d) clustering approaches, (e)
Markov random field (MRF) models, ( f ) artificial neural networks, (g) deformable models,
and (h) atlas-guided approaches. Other notable methods that do not belong to any of these
categories are described at the end of this section. Of the methods discussed in this section,
thresholding, classifier, clustering, and MRF approaches can be considered pixel
classification methods.
 Several general surveys on image segmentation exist in the literature. Several surveys
have targeted segmentation of MR images in particular. Direct comparisons of different
methods for segmenting MR images are also available.

FINDINGS
This research serves to find out what are the methods of medical image segmentation.
The result obtained are Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT),
and Digital Mammography.

CONCLUSION
Future research in the segmentation of medical images will strive toward improving
the accuracy, precision, and computational speed of segmentation methods, as well as
reducing the amount of manual interaction. Accuracy and precision can be improved by
incorporating prior information from atlases and by combining discrete and continuous
spatial-domain segmentation methods.
For segmentation methods to gain acceptance in routine clinical applications,
extensive validation is required on the particular methods in question. Furthermore, one must
be able to demonstrate some significant performance advantage over traditional methods to
warrant the training and equipment costs associated with using computerized methods.
Segmentation methods will be particularly valuable in areas such as image-guided
surgery, in which visualization of the anatomy is a critical component.

PERSONAL COMMENTS
In my opinion, this research is very good and useful. As we know, diagnostic imaging
is an invaluable tool in medicine.

The results of this research can be applied in radiography engineering courses which
will be explained in the following semester.

The relationship between this research with the practicum :

- MRI

MRI can be done to detect head injuries, cancer, strokes, damage to blood vessels, brain,
tumors, spinal cord injuries, abnormalities in the eye or inner ear, and multiple sclerosis. An
MRI procedure can be done to check the condition of the heart and blood vessels.
 - CT scan

CT scan are usually used in the head to detect tissue that has died from strokes, tumors,
tissues that have hardened due to calcium deposits, bleeding, and trauma to bones. CT scan
can be used to detect acute or chronic changes in the inside of the lungs.

- Digital Mammography

One type of X-ray examination specifically for breasts. This check is to detect a tumor or
cancer in the breast. This examination is highly recommended at ages between 20 to 30 years
to be able to detect early possible tumors or breast cancer. Nowadays Mammography is often
included as part of the MCU package.