Name: Nguyễn Đức Phi Hồng

ID : ITITIU17022
Principles of Programming Languages Exercises 3

Strings generated by grammars

1. Which string can be generated by the following grammar?
s→At|Bt

t→Ct| 
a. BACC

b. AC 
c. AACC
d. BCCC
Answer: d
2. Which string can be generated by the following grammar?
s→ A s B | n

n →C | 
a. AACBBB
b. AAnBB

c. AAA BBB
d. AAABBB
Answer: d
Invalid Grammar
1. A grammar is invalid when it cannot generate a string of terminal symbols. Which grammar is
invalid?
a. s→ A s | B s
b. s→ A | B s
c. s→ A s | B
d. a→ A | B
Answer: d
2. A grammar is invalid when it cannot generate a string of terminal symbols. Which grammar is
invalid?
a. s→ A s | t
r→ B r | C
b. s → B r

r→Br| 
c. s → A s | B r | D
r→Br|C
d. s → A s B r | D

r→Br| 
Answer: b

Select Grammar
1. Which is the grammar of a nullable SM-separated list of statements where stmt is a nonterminal
symbol representing a statement?

a. stmtlist→ stmt SM stmtlist | 

b. stmtlist→ stmt stmtlp | 
stmtlp → SM stmt stmtlp | 
c. stmtlist→ stmt stmtlp

stmtlp →SM stmt stmtlp | 

d. stmtlist→ stmt SM stmtlist | stmt
Answer: a

2. Which is the grammar of a nullable SM-separated list of statements where stmt is a nonterminal
symbol representing a statement?
a. stmtlist →stmt stmtlp

stmtlp→ SM stmt stmtlp | 

b. stmtlist→ stmt SM stmtlist | 
c. stmtlis→t stmt SM stmtlist | stmt | 
d. stmtlist→ stmt stmtlp | 
stmtlp→ SM stmt stmtlp | 
Answer: a
3. Which is the grammar of a nullable list (no separator) of parameters where param is a
nonterminal symbol representing a parameter?

a. parmlist→ param parmlp | 

parmlp→ param parmlp | 
b. parmlist →param parmlp | 
parmlp → SM param parmlp | param
c. parmlist →param parmlp

parmlp →SM param parmlp | 

d. parmlist→ param parmlp

parmlp → param parmlp | 

Answer: a ,b

Syntax Tree
1.
S→AB

A→aAa| 
B→bB|b
Draw syntax tree for aabb ?
Answer: c

2. Grammar
S→AB
A→aA|a

B→bBb| 
Input: aabb ?
Answer: b