‘THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES CCodeand Name of Couns: CHNG 1002 APPLIED CHEMISTRY Tr Date an Tine uraion: 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: This pperhes «6 pagetand—«G —guetons ANSWER ANY FOUR (4) QUESTIONS ©The University ofthe Wes Indies CCouse Code CHNG 1002 200972010) ip ii) \Whatis the roleffunction of a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) Unit ina modem crude oll refinery. (6 marks) Indicate what are the main reaction(s) and the mechanism(s) involved in fluidized catalytic cracking. (8 marks) Discuss briefly how the following operating variables affect the effectiveness of a FCC Unit: Feed Temperature Reactor Temperature Catalyst/Oil Ratio (10 marks) A flow sheet of a typical catalytic reforming process and another with the major reactors are proviced (Data Sheet | and 2). 0 Discuss how the thermodynamics of these reactions affect the design and operation of a catalytic reforming unit. (12 marks) ‘Suggest possible causes of rapid catalyst poisoning which may eccur in catalytic reforming. How could this be minimized or prevented, (7 marks) Explain the effect ofa high hydrogen recycle rate on the performance and yields in catalytic reforming units. (6 marks) (©The University af te West nas CcouseCode CHING 1002 20092010a 9 Dy i M a i) List and desoribe the most important environmental problems in Trinidad and Tobago, (7 marks) In a sentence indicate how the type of climate change expected with global ‘warming might affect each of these, (marks) Itis often stated that my pollution or even that of Trinidad is eo small compared to the whole world that any contribution that | or my country makes is negligible. ‘What arguments can you make to counter this attitude? (6marks) ‘With hindsight was the world summit in Copenhagen December 2008 beneficial to the problems of climate change? (S marks) Using a simple flow diagram discuss the production of urea and the mechanisms Used to prevent caking during transportation of the product across climatic barriers, (10 marks) ‘The production of ammonia and methanol uses a combination of two basic building-block processes: Catalytic reforming + Steam reforming. Describe the use of these processes in the production of methanol and ammonia, (18 marks) (© The Univer ofthe Wes Indies Come Cale CHING 1002 200972010i) Explain the thermodynamic concepts underlying the ceiling temperature of polymers/polymerization. (12 marks) i) Gve an example of and outline the mechanism of: 2) A free radical addition polymerization b) An anionic addition polymerization (13 marks) 6 Write an assay on the Environmental Degradation of Polymeric Materials, (25 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER (© The Univers ofthe West nde CourseCoés CHNG 1002 2wsn010DATA SHEET 1 i. Denyeregenaton of Sie Carbon Atm Ring Neptthenes to Aromatics oth ohh a es O = 0 coupe. 4 _Dehydroisomersation of Cystopentanasto Aromatics O O + ona eemeney ——— (Fair Rezetion Rats) |. leomerisaton of normal to balaneed parang (CH: Ch Cite CH» CHy + CH: OH, CH CH (Vaatgibie Heet of Reaction) fares i. tent oO on N= OH +4 a a cro ta saite pase EEE ey Vi Teomereaton of Aromatios om (Gxotreemc) 5 ey +20H (Siow Reaction Rat) (© The Univesity ofthe West Indies CouseCode CHNG 1002 20097010AAWAOdivIa 200972010 or, g 7 é ° aE : WIS i . a — E 7 aR 3 eee _ : $