| ‘THEMES IN i The Significance of Sinai | a | . BIBLICAL NARRATIVE ‘Traditions about Sinai and Divine Revelation in JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN TRADITIONS | Judaism and Christianity i Eeited by aeieione George J. Brooke, Hindy Najman and | (GEORGE H, VAN KOOTEN, Groningen Doren T. Stackenbruck ROBERT A. KUGLER, Porta, Oregon OREN T. STUCKENBRUGK, Durham ail Aine i Eva Mroczek, Brauna Doidge and Nathalie LaCoste | Asin Er | [FREBK VAN DER STEEN i Abin Brot H [REINHARD FEEDIMEIER, Gingen~ JUDITH LIEU, Cambie | CAA MAE, Ona | } VOLUME 12 a: i | “reat | BRILL LEIDEN - BOSTON 2008 | || | PRIESTLY PROPHETS AT QUMRAN: SUMMONING SINAI THROUGH THE SOVGS OF THE SABBATH SACRIFICE Jodi HL Newnan ‘Unies of Toren, Canada “ytiat would eceason song inthe Heri eof the Qumran com {roiy? One could well imagine that gen heir seeming earangement om the priethood Jerusalem and a tenple prs lame, Fg, sald hve been a mich more appropiate eponse to er uation Iie wideroes Aad indeed, of the eextqomey of Buel tes found se Qumran, the mumber degnated abs rare! The collec ti Iowa st Shot (Ol alt conste a sgieant exception Te ine Fagmentay copies of the Sg of Be Stat Sar Fond St Quizes, eight fom ene 4, one Som cave 1, et to mention the (ex fund a Mata, aga for tee cotton Qumran ial le But wn role was that? In her most recent voting on the purpore of the Sting Cal Newsom bas mggesed tht “Te Song the Slt Si pie he easy wich hae ho ‘eu and bard eid rece nt ery mamas th eget ‘Srnalopenton of peer nthe sey epi ong fe ange Joe te relly ay be dened ae teas of ‘es of py ety tea av dean of the ake ‘esthod' angele coutepae leg i se ei enna Sik Soe ae eawaree S SUERTGE Tis le A a, el Bt oct ae Saat clas Gand asian otros Se ora30 rome re (Osher have Lagely followed Newtom ia this characerization, and her work on the Set remains incipensbl, yt seems more could be aid. The Sit have abo offen been characte withthe Iter ‘tends of Hatt and Marina mis im mind, sch hat we have them escbed ns "eonge meant to gender mic communion with eer hs cami songs" These arecuradona rain Somewhat rage and pcape evn gg nd of pass or ober ‘won not thee characte ofthe arlou, asec cans ‘hove wakings and practices reflect x wd concern for pltcal and {hate mars inthe ere and noe ‘Although say these sbost thee of these elusive compositions ‘euat remain tentae,Iunean to egg more speci le for their toe ad sagu ta the thier Sng of he Sih Sar, wich are tid to he fe quarter of the sar Yeas served at Qumran aa tran Feenave and pepartory tein the comity that prepared tote ‘oho parla in it for the ampere etal of Shaw are ts {alec ele arma incuding the fll ating of the consecrated Prethood on the thineenth Sabbath i Breanne and other sexed fren The complete veston ince reception of the divine spit Eth pured let and he producson of new wip interpret ton through oacular means pera especialy toward the end on the fourteen day etree Sana sd the sommer sce. Thi prpose ‘vas thu to summon the manent presence of the dine glory fet Tevtaled at Sia ane thavgh in new locale and with a decidedly prstpropheic infection tough te fvence of Lah, Hark, End Eijah The seporal account of the revelation at Sain Exot ‘Srecogied ar antalya marrasve wo comprehend because ‘fis eomplex incorporation of vious adios Tn the eave of the ‘Shin, the nfcnce of Sins i seen notin a disinct mention of he ‘deese mounts nr ofthe covenant mate Moor hina but Ter igual in te pred radon asodiated wih val nd ee DARE ti 6 cl eka ey ek Te auto gt ee Sea ee Suimecaurer nara pens Sige care tiee geet ‘BevEsll ab Comon Stay dh Lake Ba, 20 Sse. | | eee onees Ar RAR st rei maifetation of dine lary which treads way hough the ‘Eu narrative emphasing the mediating leadership ofboth prophet eke and pest Aaron ae Bod 16-710, 24:76-17,° The locale eetcelaion bas thw eit Gom a desert mountaintop to a wider BcWunctary at reftacted thnogh another Ile meurtain, Zion, Td our separa tradtions aswell "The sual function of the Sei in tee parca instantiation at ‘qyan maybe thought comprehend thre element: hi argal (Pete as ets inthe “wordip® of dhe comming thei ntruccoal Fanon per of a “ustechot” in moral shaping the emmy EG ber hea faction as both pte and “nspiraina” om ton that simulate te production of adaonal sacred teachings id utmatly texts” Av ed at lest ding past of he history of the [Mhatation of Qumrsp, the members of the Toh were sulienty puted during the couve of the cycle 9 tat Wy the seventh Sab ut th congregation had becote Rly ankomed fom a group of embod mento a symbolic mp ‘an, x sanetuary of men who Ubiemiod trons to bave eaped th conse ofthe sh Wit age arp et an ne pre Palapye CBE 2) SAE mae ho Srey See manteata is Sue eboney an nce i Aveiek peer RR id et come So eet eer mae = ies pauses emreaee es eens TERRE Tt mee ey SH Far SESE, wena tan ery my tee carey ecies eae aoe mt ages mage ncmclcasreaesomirt Po cmap in mae te chitin ered gece eae ee GRC ORE ewe Bente Be eet ae Seren Son eee Ge aera cen miei Se ee2 rom. evnot ‘hat gue space prey leaderiip performed duties, whose own "ala was altly to oe ier compton in ite ‘expan, the or who had cemsnenced er eons wong of pie ‘on witesng the cretion, Perhaps a beter characte son would ‘eto Bn he pie to matin because they became prophetic me sengerin the case trae of Hebrew though hes vinl peed ‘sezances We dead argumentation abou the clendicl cle and is reltion to the Sturgial peormance mus aie anther ey support amoce med thes, I wil eorsider tei sequential sactre src in some pater features of Imguage as 2 progresive ‘movement in Brug time, space, ae ney Mapping he Gave: he Disstive Se of te Siar Alef consideration of the genre of the Sint must et the sage “The sigicane of their dainctivenes ands plications fr eal> ling their pombe gical finetion i fen given fmaicent or impeeiely deserbed atenson by scholars This seems especialy to Fama ree pe mec et eet DPE Se late ca a dt nr Se Sees Bet bed ners tania ree ho aeons peep per trae at ed Se See ESSE TALUS ten he pi undone hemes sg Bea Poteet SERS Socios nach atm ee Bf fae Pia ls SNe be ete Dinau sey eeate nem earen ee Ferree saree a aber eee SoS ep ne et ps ee ee Se nemee oat ke eee | | nmay reonrt Quast 3s be the ease among thoe hole of Jewish mystic who wish 10 Uae thematic continues wth ner spocaypie or Hata and “Mra erate, ofen neglecting formal gene ierences* Suck inatenton to gente resin a skewed nepreaten ofthe tal oe (Fn St at Ouran.” Thowe who baveatepted to ealate he preci gene ad foncbon of the song hae fd the tk 3 chal [etge whether tng to connect tem in sre way to pels on 1S Sinuumn betven pi aad seen tos" The edings of he 2 Ten pe ral, rar ig oo fea Sees Og Boge 9k Mae le Tae we iy Met isi, Sc Berne Set ee: dS eee even og of te ine ath nts pst ah & SLES src Seale ment err ace Sp dpe ee on ert Sel dw ‘BU Stele ene seat ener etna Teeter ae acd etre eon esl een See ee ee Ercpptemriy become ta ae Pa ‘oles «sila tendency o Erin reading mycin ita the Shré and eres Dem aiaaiieaeintan cea orree BE EE Tan hc coon ares ie Qu ay awh Sten ese snr rag? Se tes urge redo, ello Bemis beers lowest ‘Seb emu le poe eigergatng ear adm npn ee re tam treme tnkay et aca corer re roca oud as hs oe mh hare of eB Sra tar pers ggen noce ee eae eee Besheeaas pemwanterees Fa Be ee ee oe ee seals eu eee eer at 6 fe res sone el apn ste ‘ala tha he ra peavey he Brn wilh gis eck ngPy “Roma oUt Songer the st urifrm clement ofthe compsions, The head ing thar survive eocsnene with or the mage” mma, conning woth dat formals "the wng of the wale burnt fering of the xh Sabbath onde yh dy of the th month.” A alto pau inthe form tf scond peton plural ingerative follow: Ali The tet om ack Saat vary considerably length aod content. ex while each the Sut begins with «ell to pra, they do not contain seta trons of prate angie or human, but rater ae tlmet ently in {Ge om of tidrperson deteiron o cond peron exhoraon to peste fr which there a0 pesos parle in the Bistory of Jesh ‘icon o> Keay" ‘One nal pint to be sade abost the unique genre of the Stine ‘elites a the oem comparao to latr Maoh and Heal ere fre Wh the Sa douess belong tothe same complex seam af Joh ton which refers an interes in the human experience of “he enthroned vin ing inthe heavenly eal a esrbein ih, ‘Eel and some eathrnersent palms there ina sigeiant derence ‘between the tit and Jewish yea] texts of alate ea. The tex of the Mvcsh and Ha fear long hymns of pale often inciod- {ng the spurl erent (a 6:3 a Eek 3:12) tat would ner be incorporated into Jewish lary a the Quo. The words ofered by the anges in prae sw athe formal cement of the Quo ae tect fn the Shine As Newoem notes, "such ferences ae sarely feeidental™ The Sng concern themes with te activity of the separate she eet ete Se Dati ae ion wie ed coemnaly rey a pe Eto oee esc remaears Hea SU eam os See saan Etec tee lay As Lil dang th Dad EO EA a ca i at ESTES TES celica Seen ian ater cede fon les Me ite othe elie Leased he er ERE atin a9 (57274 S-,Owng ef xp CERESLESTIESR SPE Ga ana i espe Cn oe i sme Rome Ar GSR 38 angle priests in prating God rather than the words of the angels iiss rhe lager het of thi een score, he igaicance (tha miso thatthe Songs pin: boa hemsees tthe ative eipocton of sew "ong" and oer “oferings othe Sabbath” by thee commisioned by eke implred angele pres during the cure (the itary, composons tat are enable by exotic nowedge aed (thc are aoe dveminated to A pat “Te fc that the Sng defy neat genre dasfcaton asa unique et cof ompostions bot in formal clements andthe character oftheir fingung ten sugges impleona forthe evalaton of the faneton, [Newsom more tent work onthe Help provides a hep rode ‘comeing geave as anor late concept and spar of Gisoourse ‘hat embracs al tet and paces generally" Given 8 saggeion tf esonomi ety the Shin may be eonsdered as patipating in (eore 4 that they maybe ivoingin some sense eter west “sons” ‘Ee Jews raion or eswhere yet hey mast be understood against | Ge backttop of the sectarian ising pracon, and expectations, "Tan seiiy to the way in which the language bos eons wi het secaran tet, thi nolan de ethos of the group win 3 ‘frie! contert and ako ay be in tenson wth the dscuive prac tons of eer Josh commaniy, provides a useful way of pacing the ‘Shs in thet Broader ocoistorealcontet." Tn onder support the then more filly tl be ilo conser ome nique atures of the Singin tal langage and sacar Ta Bly Logg of te Siok (One veal pit sbout hr language may be made atthe ote in truer to conde the Shin elation to oker erase wed uniquely sepia regen EL BREN il ere rere ee re Se ed Sen eeepc eae Ciracsereeteatng eT TE awe organ an . eee 7) Sos ‘eee, “How ae»36 worm sews bythe sectasians at Qumran, Mh in hs ben spied by stholare in atempis to ecidate the natre and fneson of the Sap. I ap ood hat been sed inthe academic sinnshes about the human oF ogo ntare of thou who may bave parcpeted inthe Grugcal Derbrmances of the Skin, pechaps hes owhng othe incorporel Ghuracter of the language nthe tx hemacles: Except for he ft fw in the twelh song, the pina body pact menboned ade fom a fw mous ps, and God's hand at ne pod, he congue, oF ‘move precely inti corral Iriel compas, plurality or [ihe community of ingore Sto doply a desided sidance of {eal and blood bat an enbanced if ameter sbcure powtayal of he rentiouship among spins pes, community members and angels “The incorpo guage ands in marked contrast the concern for bodies ad boty pare ound throughout the ret of he Qursran orp. Baiy testa concern themlves withthe body, whether the thoracier of is dierent pate or their appearance ofthe need fae thei diplinary rsraine George Brooke as dcused the ways in tich concer for body parts among the secaians rane el in Varios compestion, Boi apa ar wel a a range of other texte tre quite foewed on body parton ee, on ears on mindy hearts [ney vers gers, nes, and toes. While Butt apc may well bof soo-Qhnran origi, seems to have been wed bythe etviass for thelr own purposee Brooke compelingly argues that an eras tion of the phyeal appearance of iaidale was determinative of thei entry ita the commeniey and subsequent states and the degree to whieh they might papa in wontp. So too, Pip Alexander od more teeny Mladen Boon have cued te agiesnce of Diysognee in reading the Raman body at Quran,” We may ko ‘ose hate ete ah rh ns Bemis Mretmer eine ean en he a eat a ae a See att 8 “Ghaaan etal, DID XXDG Ordre nemo comm me eed Ranh oe once eet Elance Common Cerio: Mr eg oe Cony act uate one ae C eee ere rane ror a guna sr see the various demonic expulsion and purieaton rites a he opposite ‘eof the sual spearum from the Siu, reserve for performance ee aeeedo-wels of the communinypriape bebe they were seat fucking down the defled preci of Jerse, desending at eat Fi th elevated perspective ofthe seca! Al is suggest hat the community war quite coacerned with messing and evaluating Totes and ther consent parts, bat ot iteems, on he fst thiteen Subbu of the solar yar, Thove who paripated in dis Sabbath irurgy had pated the meararement lima texto rember among the aca of ight, wheter reflected in one’s plyslognomy on eae (ier tips of Rely spt” Indeed, the Sint ear azucendence tf bly concerns presumably beease Dose parting in the hay five gote beyond the concerts ofthe body by vue of thei axetil Alboplin, a lea during the length of te Saar, inorder to ready Chemsehes as vesslefor reception of reelaon. These points can be ‘beanised through 2 cose look at he colection. Langage Cas Ths te Prev of te Shirt “The general consent holds that she Sage can be grouped in the lange eon dileeated by content and ue songs I, songs 6-8, fi songs 9-13. Ambipty i pare and parcel of #3 seta syle tthe Soot and ae te sequence nfl the language becmes eter tore challegiag to parse beaut of i lomening sya. Songs 1-5, though much ofthe maeral otal a dearer, more worm 7 tar and poetic parle, The Sve tng descebe the excise of the angele pesthood snd is responses aswell a an acount of the pea tat they ofr to Godt The ental secon i onsdershly SRST eee ern Goin a ty tae it aie eg hoe 2ST ee ae ee Sapa ema ws te hoe ae sae ee Se eer seers38 pom reo irene, characterized by a formulaic and vepeiusiterarysrctre Srhchsceses the number seven. Te sh and eighth frm aio {round th seventh song The sith and eighth to rome degree micror (heh often thar repeton ovarian ofthe Hebrew rot Su bythe hit prince, The mile sequence of sony bas a restr Aependency on Lah and in parca the seventh rong eves the {foone vison of Iai 6 wih fs commioning of the prophet. The Jas sags 2-13 offer » progresve descripcon of the temple and ‘he pit ore by tv animated par, wi rer deeipon of the dvne chariot throne wi ts imped divin presence of fae, tthe angel prety, tha ral vein of te high priest. The songs {i the last secon lange comprise nominal an participa sentence ‘with etenve const esing which defy attempts at aightorward ‘ransaon. The final coecion engages more language and imagery from Ens especially te prophets vison ofthe rexiored temple in Jerrlem in Eael «0-48 ‘Dasgreeinen remains oer the fel point or eimax of the songs, wheter inte mide atthe seve song oftware end of he Teres Some flow Carl Newsom who bas argued ans grounds thatthe sng of the seventh Sabbah constiates the fod point of the Collection, Thove wh bave argued for a progression have done so on ‘hemat grows npg hat he eleventh and evel songs xminate the oe with tbe divine charts decent which coresponds tothe i= Ingo the eral of Shan” Te ely wid the tema argument is tat the final song which deacibes the prety vesmens ses (0 foie a atvclimac, yet thi iors the posible significance ofthe {eves of the plestoodin he final ong Te sera ce ely that there ae hah one high paint. Pip Alexander views the climax aoe ee ee ‘Mane el, Sgr tee ee Seno te Sci, iret uate nieen merroea, Stee he setenv ana! eet me cee oe ate eottonseh eminticniaaen a abe si rts ROPES AT OLA 0 ofthe ele coming toward the end, bat i ambivalent about whether ‘de ont song mats the end with reronancs wih the decent of ‘Besmoneh the thtenth dae faneSoning asa end” or wheter the {fiseenh song masts he elimscbe point ofthe Lexy From hi pe [pene the thteenth song sige che "earformation of the mys Tie ml atthe cine of the ceremony, pethape supplemented rege by the sel gorcason hymn frm the yt This 2 plnable ugpesies, bar with some modicaton. At noted above, the gs focus net on words of pie to God, but on the ange human pres themeley in part a 2 means of blserng the authori of eathood within the commit thus the heath song oes a [ing coelsion to the ea ab Rasel Aron has rece argued ‘ere trey des tore than merely af the rele of pet in an gee sats alo aia he suo of tha inspired teaching ‘Te thresh ong presen he angel He pies withthe mais theit ead as fly eed snd equipped for thle orzalar performance, We sy thes hart progres devon of he songs with muiple High pins and culminating conan ‘tdny worthy studies of the language of te Shoe have been pub lhe, bu even these have not sulfientiy mined the ich compsivons for tc mulaered oteretal rescnances; there are itt pen- ‘eran into ther espe, To apport te cacti of this ey hat {De-Sglatre the mmmoning of «reconerve Sina eelation ae to lsat hes Varia movernent i ne, the Foros wil remain on ‘nly enain entre ofthe language i the bes preserved species, ‘rai inthe st seventh, eighth, eleventh, and ewelh songs. Sang fe he i Sah “The fist suggetion of « seeaneied Sinai relation occur len in the sng forthe St Sabbath of the year The fit song concer the ecablhment of the angi peaiood and it principal fnctions of stoning for in and eaponaily for divine waching. According © ‘he Tape Sot the year began wh a Nev Year Festival 11QI9 X1¥, 2 Race af Ling ie gin en Cry stn} Lode nfo, ese ”° Romney 7-8, flowed ya conscation festival ating seven ys Fr pret sod high pees (1019 XY, 3). The consecration fsival would ave ined with the fst Sabbath Song, which ig dated tthe fourth Gay ofthe ft month, The fins Sabbath Song teems 2 rect the tonserton theme bres: contains mention ofthe human pee hood a ey eefst on thir ineomparatiey wath the angele pee “The angel te et mented in theft pat ofthe song, 49300 1 14, athe “servants of the presence” 230 "TWD, a plvae that i ome ambiguus in that eaewere in the Qumran erase, he ‘ys of the pretence are ateodated witha segment of te Conran ‘enmity iti The “servants ofthe presence” are more commonly feferred to atthe “anges of he presence" (O35 "2N6D),a phase that iter dened in par om the pase ia a 63°97 139) ba alo en reference in the wdernest and Sinai account in Exod in which an ange i vent before (299) the Irae; ct od M619, 2.20-23, 8234, 532." The “eran of the presence” atte beginning of he Se song thus provides ink to the Widernes-Sins tediton, nt oni in Eee bot nt remembered naan dough the prophetic payer in ba 687-68:12™ {Les San 15 of $40 I Tak acer connecon the laveing a Sina "He insrbed hisses eneering al he west f spi” fod nates of bones he inscribed for thr." The dinctive root Pan appears io Both ies" The Masoree Tex of the Hebrew Bie sGibtokes ei rteeagtar tetas Hee Bel eet h aria iS Serna Greg ee lacaeeray Stas Site ne fe Suen tes ton eye Eu Sono cae perie teem thar Shares ees eee ers “Sees fea hel ae pny iat he SESS eee eie ese ER ie en area nematic ‘wrinions 6 Geound ui lee, “Songs af te Sabath Secon" in Gea Ga # whee genoa i waruced peeome TED geen meeps ahi eee geeeaes ofthe Presence ne Book of ae" BSD rour.y romans Ar Qua a inches word only ia Bead 92:16 as Men ings the abies of Seite the pounce engraving eon to Gof ov cpio ee icatew once God noc td Gols wring (ut Hin SoS Wh, Tne web han aacated eiquly with Gels om ‘ibe nt ne Unt of hums nh wy ti Be he ince wee bat bund online Pty raed of he Ponca, Pala Si se Second nny in which he st of eecon ugly the sof God and the mbar tof whieh God crete aot BegRdene Thee os an aectof myer tacked oe Word Sis cve ih foat toe sean See, fe rot appears ih rater equeney tpt il dancvey inked t dbteInweghing® The ve 8 wed any ate ad the Sl hoa whe apes ee SEES pete of te mail Oe pe rma TF and ao edwin 195 66,11 he decpon of the mais ‘Salle ehigatons™ "With the ong of Hp (0) wl Bes ican cay area aanae prin pro). Andin eying {be ined st al bom my tongue ashe rato pate and the pn fy pew ae Hides corti toy Savane my wanagresiooy sal be before my ee a engraved "The woe of isrbed ate in he mas lay ices not aly a pertrnnve plese whch he mas mast recount these Glin pate tn eng bt a sages jean then judgement wold al save a am nee tate fr the San es sores tea Tee seme RC mere Ce iss ged ih ee ee SEE a ale ea Geena ete Beit eiceenecanmenecies Rhee ecee Sco eiaeaatecaienhtenate Ties pista dna omen enue uli. The rot br appears a the pave partie Aan Gcrbed Crdnance) cveryere exept the Ste occurrence in which the vera ppents sated peson saga active ves with God med a he bjt and inthe Sogo be Sein which che imple persona o he Ft lan Tw resoant your wonderfel deeds and insetb ther {BIT lv of pie of your dry? (HSI 65-64 I, 20-9), The Sie afte Sito Sar japontion wo the pledge of the ns atthe end of the Set which combines the recounting of dvne ‘evn lglg wh eal prescripon- ‘A numberof sclars have pointed toa comnecton between the inseripon of Inv in 40400 1,15 andthe idea of lv nerve ‘om hen tablets found in the book of Jub, yet nowhere in the rt Sobat Song ithe melum of tables mendaned’" Tae wring down of coven ian msporeant ature of Ce naratie in ables “There sso mediating role of sebal acy aod woidng mentoned Sn the Sit, ony the erp of relation and visual and oa em ‘nication of dine ioviedge. The ennecdon besween he abe of Futsal the engraang of the Sng tar igh ex be understood ‘ethno the ole of he angele pests inthe Sit and the mas (or Ungete ple inthe Rae he Commi he ncaraated "meu" of ‘he ieribed norman, hat sa agents of dine revation, hough ‘it trough vival perepion aed ara wansision* Tn fac the se See ee Fe ea Sete lowe Sie el SUSE SAE Sete ork sa ening lr cy fdas ote Caer J) SO SER conto, they of ee Sang ted il ge i el a ie Sa freon toa Sg cui eigen Grease cana eae eee een ‘Nero nd he “rem of pse” int ce oe aay moms A Qa “6 of the “engraved statute onthe moth, tong, nd ip in the ong of ‘he massages precy rch an ora wansmiion of the "nsrp- tang this uneneood a anor! teaching tat ses fom the mouth tte inructor based on nteraaiaed Avie legal now Sach fica! inowdee i uel inseparable fom ee kzoladge of events Fm creation onward the ec ses expected by God beng bie Int the very ric ofthe ereaton Te Sang ths provides sappere fore essociton of the angele servants of the Sir vai sesaran leadership in the ert of the ma a he ane vio is responsbe ts ebict teacher of divine nowedge to the community (108 TH, 15-15) 1, 1619." ‘Before turning to another excerpt Som the Stor that suggest & recancrved Sinai seein, f important to pois to a Fare of the fi song that harass the begining ofthe Sit sexes bat fot te Inter soagy wich thus Bolters the argument fr 2 deelop- ‘ental seqeene i the Kurgial cyl. 4Q¥00 7 I, 15°16 dere foe tak of the angen thowe who atone Ga wil (ef unique xpesion) for “al who repent of sn” PDO "3B 2} The ele of the via wil ear inthe eeaon acount of the seventh song di fasted below. "Those wha repent of sn” (or leeatvely wanted, ‘Sew ftom tanigresia” iva dance sectarian phrare covering mow tay inthe Danarar Dorma he Fale of Be Goma a ig nd fee cn” meson 40018 46 18 ent SSRLCTRATSPSGU cher te east ng Pt began ihe cer A pie wee acne a 2 See Tae ae ffenierite mew hoes Grecia QH181 8 OM an eee Se Soe beret cen ue oyna ot ner ma ea ‘nts Ohta ita Bade Snes Seay Seaman GEST Errante OS ULE Gon He ty acca te ay fe el ints ine a a” ‘iat wd eaten of wy very een el hole SES tech en os a gene nero Prep Sey eo tt mt oe sg i i See cnn fe hm wd pe itr oe tT AOS SS“ Norma, evar tree of the Hadpot” Here, a in the commis ues Hhly x ‘Sscxptin of the eovenaned community 40286 21,8) or a mabe ofthe coment eonating ofthe Commanity Coane (108 f, 13), ‘The comtertal horizon ofthe pate i sa 3820 where it deriva i ‘he imminent ds edempton of tore who repent nd the orton of frvalem ina mansion of Gvne glory The covenant masking {hi aew redemption ss 89-21) he gil of vine spit at allows ‘he word of Ged not o depart om the mous of dose who repent std th detcendan,annternlzed teaching tats wazanted erly Its dieu to aie how mich ofthe orginal context of the phrase fom Isiah is smone in the Sn, but the notin of internabzed ‘divine eaching in Tin 59:21 reronates wih the ta of Ue angel in {10400 11,1 who ace to teach concerning ll holy mars S00, the pronited maiferaton of ine gory msensoned in sa 39:1 and i lent nat 602 a theme treating trough che Sit which Cline inthe neith-dtenth songs ‘Ofte exe hin en rmenoned only inthe fst ong nd in 4021, 5 PWD "ND fagment nce wih the few gro of sg 1-5 The tone of theater two groups of songs his cecitely from iy coiderton of sin opie snd bling tha sen a indent of the evelition of the lagi sequence ‘Tae language of the Sg, here and eliewhere, shoul be under stood pellet individual words are often generative of more than one meaning One characterise of the callecton i hat each tong or luster of ngs fre own ret of several or ore Hebrew toot” A igieant cae in plat is he term for the “establishment SEEM RUG CER PGES EROS ER ST CET Pe ee eae ea oie Eee tec cab mea eemoues Seen SEE IS» eeeertuectans {2rveration pares become red in conisionsemming fem the dl rere af income aan mening et pti es Ee cnaaeeeeineens EIESGE EES di out eesen err SSE cecame hata ee mas 2 seen mnoneee Ar gmn 45 of pret derived frm the rot (70 for foundation, a root ha it fepeaedsroughout the ret Song Tn this eae the verbal rots wed tr inate the enabithment ofthe prerthood but suggertve already ff another foundation, the groundwork thas aid for the contue- fon of the animate temple to come ia the seth sng, bling op {om the ss pes’ who const the Jaa or cme segment off ‘inl reading of foundations” found in 40}64, the estaian paberon is 511-12, nmhich God's pledge treble Jerusalem femple' sntnory piace foundations and gates are elated iF Serent soa of he commu Teal, the pele and the people, the ‘Gouna of the Yad, and the tweve chief pees who enlighten with Uti apd Thumm, andthe chil ofthe es: The ters resonates svt mith the foundation, od (70) of the community coun (IOS I, 261, 6, GD, 6; XIX, 8) which alo provides an sce ese ‘Seine atthe dual meaning of the comtuted coun af the com ‘matty andthe rent of deSberesony, comme” A parSalaiy feleant pasage in the Community Rule (10S VI 4>-13) Hens the commie to «temple in wick the language of eundaons and her architectural elemens featur prominently Once the commnnity oon ith ring body of twelve men and tee pie, igh ‘Sheree the prac outline in the Rae ‘he Community coun wil be nae inch ob an ereang Bann, aly ue (Tp Ia) el athe oun tt [ear tala vp op Ne fr Aton. This tested apa rao Spector Sangean “The panage lao describes the el of two yee travel in a pe or pero path (TT DXB) onthe part f the Count he inerpreter ‘vl reveal “hidden thing tht the eee even, co the eect Sani cerae encatehsmaertemn net ‘actos aang os in neve Gd ander cao ee a et rote nr Bet, Caml 8. J ee ee aes De ceepcarseonmenon ced6 Hots. sewn ‘en. The precise mean by which such eeation cours not pec fied, bo the connecions int i the language of the Stet wold sugges that there play a le in this regard as wl ecome more conden belo “The fst rong also usrates the developmental nature of the Sealey atthe role ofthe angel as narrators of God's gory i ‘compared t the lot of thee mortals who wuld alo wish to make sch en efeing 44002, 67 contsine the oly re pron plural in the colecon wich ndeates a dzet addres to God Aspe ora muse of speaker, pre series of qursson abot the compe ‘ably beowezn the angels andthe [hua speakers "How shall we be reeoned among them snd ou priehood ia eh dwellings? And fur lie with thir tines? Wha the oflring of our tongue cf ths with the know of the ‘od?™ Such theta quertone eel ethers fom cps perhap most notbhy Pr 8-8 in which the palit ponders God’ concern er humans (nach, bo nan), batten inthe subsequent verse afm that God hae mae humans le les than "tin onderstod at angels, who are crowned with glory and honor, eis als similar to the language of the Hada, the hyn of LQ" XIX in areca, fn which the bys thas God fr ging him, a lowly creature of clay and du, divine knowledge and understanding sing a wonder Sout auch due provdenal leon. Reems thatthe ame Kind of ‘hetoneal queoning may be oocring here, with a seleabasement ‘on te pat ofthe oman parcpans nthe tangy wich serve an ‘eans of anerting the ona sgiicance® The eomparson of thee Inuman tongue of st athe Deinalng of the ergy pats to dhe leaton tthe equivalent of angelic tongues by the cy ed, more ‘ver tongue hat might rela the "knowledge of God.” ‘nether inp st somewhat tentative connec with secaran ‘eran may be made a thi pot. According fo the calendar of the “Ting Sc the song fo he fe Saba coincides wid the week a whieh new pit are ordained (11QJS XV, 3° Thes Gs exablsh- ‘ent ofthe ang retood inthe Sabbath haus to crmspand ‘vith weekday He at Quan aswel oT ev om bor Aa te nan 7 REEL ROPES AT QURAN ” 4001 161, 6-8 fom the St ee of sone aymenary pies, perhaps reang tothe scond Sabbath he text makes rence 0 Eroter tak of the angels ar communicator of exterc inowedee ‘which ies dred om the lips of Goat rete he winder. ound of tion) They ae toca] Godse wrong] psner at ] They ake knw Flue things (tebe urna a he pe fe king wi £3 “The Sst word ofthe fagment, a common word inthe ecavian lterare But appeaes only three timer in the extant pordans of the ‘Sn, here and a the begasing of he litany ofthe tongues in he fight Sabbath song (40408 1 1, 27) i ashy dire formal tin [oven mysteries of know inthe mer of wonder) The ‘he “nysterfes of Bs wondefl deed" which acer oly tice i the Qumnraa erate ere and inthe Hr ool pat an este fost onthe word wl ut an escericm that jibes with he “hidden thing in of Be 7 loners nthe Hebrew Bible paral Jn etrene to aacrating dvine jagment snd redempon, cca tbvaten tines the book Pane about dite sii ha mae be tolled ad recounted by tote member of Tzal who hase benefited ftom i, parce howe pans chat ecount exer ofthe istry tf eal (eg, Pa 74,82 1082, 5; 106 7,22, Soto inthe Quuarna {evan text hemor of ocearence of mes occur in arg ten the Pde Die Hine, aed Pg Role ‘Alugh i consis gaps the fagment fom the second Sabbath maybe read a een of heat of the angele to perorm a prtular tac (ine 8) lowed by asetaenc to God's suengtening them ne 8) so thar ey might make known the hidden thins he rt, doe things which proced fom the mouth of God oF here ‘rend ar “lpr the King” nee 7-8) although eis imposible Colo whether tere were ter ccorencsin he rtf he wale telecon, i seems sient that raz wi is eotene connetations ‘eens her to be enya posenion of God andthe piel angel i ae aca a ESS Sree snicaegid vanesRome ewan who are seausng instruction in bly mysteries sa kindof specaized Cntechere Given the prevalence of the phrase the “ney to come” ‘ae in ACs, seem hat he appearance bere adn he ‘lg song of rz without verbal qualicaion would suppor the dex thatthe Snr pray the mtr’ realied exhale revelation to the angele pre and their imino rough the gil pret e the Sint thiten Sabbath ofthe year While according wo e Fragment take om the second Satbuth the knowledge is el being nclalated by God by the eighth eng wach eoterie knowledge becomes «secure posesion of the angels as well 40408 1 Tl, 26-27). The mystery eproprned would compe nowledge of eetion, eis and ech tology an allembracing comprehension enturng proper belo in ‘isto tthe dine plan fr creston snd al eiahabans in bevel deathly reli, The contents of the tysery may be undesood 1 body of teaching tanemied through orl meane™® A sgnfrant traniton pont in masking that wanformaton cecursin the overs Sha Song in which he dene King and Creators made mane {he trone room of the Tempe Sg fir te Sah High Slats “The we of language changes wih the sith song, which alongwith ‘he eihth song fxs the ental ong of the ealleton, the saath (of Sabbath Songs. Bot sng ix and eight ae highly formulaic and ‘petite, witha recurnee ofthe number seen, Te songs recount {he act of praise tat reverberate fom he tongue ofthe even angelic chief pines ong si) and deputy prince ng eighs, abough the rodeo besing tnd praise are no inl in the ang theses ‘The heorialefact of tis deception sw fous nt on Ged as King, the timate objec of pais, but on the angele themselves at Dee Inteniing ease acs of praiseon-thecongue, Although we will rerum below to the signicance ofthe eighth Song, a bet sample ‘evel i character, speccaly pertaining to the unique language of ining % Dai Harton The Rt Nye na Quan soe (10% Bg tk ta he Se aaa hone Ral” iain eonatmcaneR iul, xeeey nome Arg * And he ing the ang] sen mye of kel is kta enaeyaf betas ara blo bone Sagi reve eget ert te {eed eB Toe tengo of te setnd to fan il be then (isos tm bed, ame “Te expression “flsing of tongue” (10 OVA unique to the Shine Ginen the Peaiog ofeach nda song, one might expect eaten ofan lh, a whle burt ofrng, Aside from that, the formulation Jl i dininctve Ekeyere in the Qumran tree nett mention thesxptral pis the pave "olexing of te lp occurs. Not oly [the tong ed hres the instrament of prise ned ofthe is, but theresa tensiicaon of it at cach mbsoquent ange sets tool in the exaltation, ina manner approaching « daciplined gh sclain. The content of Use pres remain soter, hidden teeminly fn he mon daa “myers of nowledge” but net, coming 2 this eghth sr does ater the seventh eth ion ofthe King and lis ceson should ily be uadertod as connected coe with the sevelatory deerpion of the purport divine i. Moreones, the rept of the ange “tongues” in che sath and eighth soa ks up the theme introded in theft song in which the hur Dovtidpante a how th ofering of ther tongue Of cae might be fempared wich shoe af the angela The imped answers tht he Ian fring shold smchow tal tha of the angele the pasonate Fnznsty dled ia the sh and eighth songs sages the cly of staining sich a andar widiout pusieston and empowerment ly meaneof dine pit ‘The seventh song can be understood as an expanded depiction of Ini’ temple throne ion in Tei 6, dh the sap’ proce ‘atin of divine holiness in Te 63 peveing te all of Isiah and his preparison for sence thug he meaze of «burning cal om the alt to purty his mouth and pe to deer the divine mesege ‘Attough the text of the song not complet ean be ded nto two par’? The fist (4Q408 1 1, $1-40) ecades calls for angelic praie and in the second (EQ 1 I, 41, 1-16, the temple ioe? rip into pate of the King, The locaton aggeted in part by Eases or eri Nom ie ies QHD Table Toned nts of ean Loge hi SEso pom ent the imbeded alison tthe dvine Goutal of 4QHOE 6,5)!" One feu of the fst par of the event tong ta weed allio to the tie of dhe serapim in a 6 (40403 1, 30-31), Morar alee ‘ele allusion to Ezek 12-13 appear in he ang a wel. Both of {hw ec at ou in probed ell arate, fet a combined with ther role prope commisoning elements as dead below Toor in sigufeance for undereandng he task of the pees-angl ae bearers of the dine word Sig te Sanh Saba “The seventh song contains no oer nk to Sz revelaton, dominated asitis bythe Zion adion, ye there ae several lei elements tat ‘ge prophet revelation" AL the center of the eventh song, which {stu the center of the burial je, le an account of reaton Through dine peec: 85. Ath sng fi mon ome inte al he ea gl ai nets oe pal he coe pt [on He ewe fej ks cere 9 ata oe Sing oy ou wh (oho eng among te renin ge beng Ad ent {Env bs py mh oe ong a wo son wa aoe 2 [roma Rnvonder ong ot fy 37 ase mouth of alo cane [Souter Calta se nine) ree and Jigen ts power o al be io oncoaning 86 Aase (EY er ne Ne Ba a eal tea a ee eae en! ‘nl forte arian wo ln 6, oe Sve, “Gee a Kini 97-98. or» le axcunin af the slo wo thin 6 and Zak ee Bl, ath Sa, od Sacteeee nes Had "ha pene oe i areata uo cgogadnenerennmrreat cae teepa daa eerie eset Suess lerr Sw comn ne terer nm enue i ‘ rej a you mae go th Gg] of mje ral he god (lboeieae ent eBay tall tbe pf rennes oe {Eth 35. Apa they mae de knowldge scp scoring fo fee olga of hi mth ad ncn iy ak cepa) Le enon of te poe nd logs of cope Sng {a pats he wih Gad 40 ih techs sp! porto {Barve ay be osm (ng) with vce Joy, anda eration ‘Shing te nly ony a re maybe went on wae esa jor #2 Wit ee al he [oundatone he ly of bar fue he onc columae BE "RA of he ema eae de i a ae comer aft srt Siig pase) #2 Gola nbo sf] ‘ie ome all yo sit of Exo and pe] re ea) Iopeier the ae pe Semamen of say sso 0308 1 Soon mcomccten ed on 408 4, “The creaon account is raneated compared to the priestly creation secout in Gone or the sapien account in Ben Sia 24, Wheres in Gene 1, God speas the werly order ico being with narrated ‘peta here the creation esrb without ec ducoune Morea ‘he foes bes on ama beings alone and not he inanimate apes ofthe councs, The account of vine reaion B comsitent wih he Character of the Se ary et age! a thi penam acooune bere ff the acual speech of the pees descrbed nonetheless Cons tant wth he understanding of eon trough the power dine twtd. The eveath rong prevents a three sage ereston throvgh Gade ‘Routh, ps and wil esl inthe exalted god he eral spit, Sind finally "his creatres inthis minions” (mma PUD 9) ‘The fe two created orders mentoned form paral expresso and refer w mo nonrhuran ones of creation, “ealed god" hee to be lnderood se angle eing snd “ternal spine” as perhaps anor dof angel" The chaacteaatin of the thd eration ilar a as i etc ee Sa Mine aac Se otaeeachaeeees Ain of ange ae deel beng creed on he et ay wel te i en conteed ne TAGE SU 1S GUGHE re ta Seine ie pi a S87 bard Qin wc Saeenge of Go WN aN pa re2 wom raw parcbeauseiimolves the know ofthe vine wil which suggests & purpoelcreaton with spel ommisoning fr vine sere” Ja the Hebrew Bible such commisioning seit expecialy wi the dine commntoning of angel or usnan prophets” Inder the same un “ison” though ia feinine form TIPE) ocr we he Song rth Tell Sabbath in rlerence othe bedient oracle reponse ofthe anges othe appearance of vine lan ase of ‘hat song to which we wi atend more casey belo. ‘The fint hal of the reve ong contain seen ira imperaiee ach of which is repested tee tines in the couse af te ono 6 [nein whic t appears The ft three persis 9, 2D, and 180 ines 30-39 appear before agian necro nthe see In which the sole of God ae creo dese inline 96-37. Four imperaves fallow: 7, UA, 7, and TAY Si ofthe even verbs are EPS 98 25 tain mya td oe Rael eee va ae coe eas SESS See aaron Beier se tee Sachi iadee dora acemera ome ara VEice ees aoaeeanrene arate ete eee a crenermen iis Raeavegeeurmsmne ee ee ethane lia warn Bao te Gemory(,seck e Reighemedinene lc Sogo Sepsis ser epted Seemen a Br poe ge rs Roamer eerie Spigot pa tan asec eS Beee 1am eo rve en pre” ae an ening ingrie. e ‘Sept be ened cnet oe gcng facie PRG Lyte a ninay meaner ise ame sommes Argan 3 ate common inthe lexicon of praise inthe pals moreover, the ‘Sie si are elated othe primary theme words of the paleo the even angel peace inthe sith end eighth eongs*® One verb sands fut as etic the Sth pera derived Fom MAT is pater because although it appear inthe bibs pain ¢ nowhere else sppear in connection wth snag ad ging ad exaltation Ke devotes, {oral rection of some sort one conneted wih mental Becton tr rumination and sound in spiental eoune in beh he Hebrew ile and Qumran Keratre” Hap has offen ben trated "cha folowing Newsom, but “recount” or "proc especially in this coex f rae may provide a ater sense ofthe words ue here" (Outside of ths occurence inthe seventh some. te soot appear oly rarely ia the Qumran Utrstre, but i provides another comnecton ‘sith the undereanding of an ongoing, recone, Sinalreilaon rooted both ia its use in spe ad in its deed ein he seca isn iterate "The vet cocue at sentra pasagesin connection with Tra, in Joabua | and Pal 1. The sarpturl pasages see te behind the raver and more specialised we ofA at Quran. Ia Jot 18 he ‘ecb is apcialy connected wth snemiting he Sina relate 0 the mbrequent generation ater Mone eat, Nanated in the bool, bf fron ra dre divine commisioning God ade the mccear fof Mone: "Tas seve of the eaching (Tn) shall pot depart ot of Your mouth; you shal meditate (7) one day and night” Within he Leger nasa of te Texateich the tora of Joe 1:8 econ 0 A riten depot, the Deuteroaorie version of fw Deut 31:9) which it epesets a interpret wanamited orm of the teaching 1a ‘he generation that suceeded the wldernes generation. The Terah iestonglyssoited with Mone and ths imply connected to the ‘lve sevelaton st Snsi/oreb bot in Joc, the empbae Ree nef eh gin? 9 3, sn a he ee Tie don tal tac pai joke The ang foo hs Cols nares, OTE oe ce i Be seen ee Sy at Sle Out Sey enn” pom nt on the pice of reelaéon but its dine aushorizaon, The pasage ‘om Jota sol he es tht orl teaching ofthe Sis eve ‘don by authori leader ea erual part ofthe trasnitsion of Grin selon to sbeequentgenerasons, wherever the eader may be lated, nor oud tela Ta an onerapping but dines vein i he wor we ia Bs I “lappy he maa wha docs not wal inthe avi ofthe wicked, nor standin the path of Sonex, noe sete in te dveling of soroes treater his delight iin the teaching ofthe Lo and he recounts [fon his teaching dy and rght” Sending othe palin does a the begumig of the colleen, the thin permon wadoun dcoane of the first pansies thove who we che colleion eo raminate on and ‘ect the lng collection in the manner of a eallocon of divine teaching! No writen srl mentioned an the Dewteronanic pa see fom Jesh” “nthe Quran era, te word appears aol in efeences to the "on of ag and the "book of apa.” When a Jona fn Palms, the verb is contd to rectason of a srl of Moric teaching and the teaching of the pales cen tel, bo wten Gepost the ue of thi rot in ution and the sectarian rer aso ‘avis tn eoteie contain” The Slowing passage fom Inu low derbes the glonous promise offered to the age who pone ‘cai imowiedg of Go SSR etree Eeryrpais cits pos ae iii meee he reeeae eee Tie ek Tae ee ee eee ctor means eae ee epee ne eee Bye een ronan con tao "Sram 37 cnentoced in. 7 above, may sugges socthing of an trea, paca ri nd cues ecaarte Se nmr snopes Ar gaa 55 [13 And then you wi inow evan ory and bi mane ees fod te igh o hs ded And Yul 4 wl ender he begining ff your reward x the emer of (he estan] hat bs came 1s for engaed te orianee Ppa n'y} of Ged omen te infiqtn of the spe of Se anu oa a remembrance ‘estan le hin 16 fr thew Cuene word An hi ‘aos the mediaton (PA NF) ra bok remembrance [Ta and bevel gir Hono ent wis people i bee {7 ecorg to he patra (0) of the ees a ring bat ed not gemini fas beeae anse ‘engi Serer I8 goo and ei cering to he udgent is mo ma and noe ONT 1 b= One as “The passage ofr ever resonances wth dtintveInguage inthe ‘Sit that sgt, f not borrowed language shared perpesve on tsoteric knowlege and it dsteminaton: the mention of engraved Sais, he von of meditation, the pater ofthe hay one, ae the Imytery of exitence not fo mention the ree of ceaon language Genesis 3 ebewhere in Fc, There have been vous mugger: Yio about he deacon snl contents of the “ison of ay” Fm ‘mn acual book (wheter a porton of 7 Buh or some other text) to ‘alonary exprence of same Kind acne in fc nenie about the comets of the kon tha concern rhe oindetewho as acest the vison. The above excep augue dat he von i given tothe peopl of sit who can dtingsish good from ev in conta to the “pnt of eh” wa are morly obi, Moree, the ion [shen to “peopl of it” because they were created "aczordig 19 the lene of the holy ones" (OTM WARNS) @QNT LL 17,4 The The word aur inthe seventh Sabbath Song raslted above ae “plan ore” (49408 1,41) and several tin the teh sng Tadeed, nthe wal fngment om he owls Song, {10}7 VII, 5b comes the afiemation that "om the four Feuniatons ofthe onde vl they dear wih he voice of he ddvige oracle MBN ND po)...” The ewe song aio contain theft we of the term 3, which i tandsted vaiouly at "whole cing” (eas yyy with “whole bet ofering” Ps 51:2) fd aloe erovn” inthe Qumran erate. Cen that he tes of “he compasdons uggest the urge eye tobe eonnected with he Tapani aero ated me Gee ceca Stegiesseg ee ene teenage SSI AEE te onag comme of Be ge Ws kT Sea esem Se eee Th TPR et fey ign a os eoCa pom. nse ihe rat ong af the Sabbath, the we of thie eynoman may ott another culminating element of the eye The emaler of the wen song ieudes guage deseribng the vied temple wth {pte tht gv vice opnims and dooraye posing the got of ‘he King lmguageexing tht of Ezek 461-10 with su dsespion ff te prince a peopl inthe reinagined empl or Ps 247, 9 its poral praising the King of gion: Thee architectural fetes are dkemed “ao oo exalted fe is misions (NWO) (40405 23, 11) ‘reaing the language of dine creation snd commisioning found is ‘he center of the seventh oag (4QHOS IT, 35. The eel song tas picks up some of the langue of the central song of the cles the eves omer ti raptroar culmination, If we consider the ante Sancuary cqulpped Wil is furrabinge and Tere a8 a gern fof the tmanaormed cet fom the commniny the migdash i in ‘weship hen the theophare "sll sound” shouldbe Understood at Ennely tobe veplaced by the sound ofthe pin prophe inthe ‘community engnged in their oracslar teaching semulated by the oat of the heophany the descnt of the chariothone into the mit of the gathered communi at he Fest of Weak ‘Discusion of oraclar clement in the eleventh and swelth sage ‘roves an appropiate tration to the teenth. A lcaion ta ‘he bly of Rade salle in the thineemh ong by fer men tion ofthe purely blended sat incera, the dine foot! (11Q17 2525, X, Ty len 06; | Chr 262) and Sal of cour, mention of the deisel. Te sanctuary is replete with spits that in fat fe ater hard to place gen the diet aaa of the eomposton andi fragmentary sate The song seems eo rele the inves of the angele pret inthe highly piel gb of bresplate, epg snd varegtedmaterl which prepare hem fr thi prety soe 3 ‘savicial ffciany teachers, and oraculr speakers es wel at elted Fanctoos of leg ocing and ferent between pore /anpure, clea/elean™ Orseaar we of the Uri and Thammi by anointed pr is evident in Apoypinof Mae, aes Ser re i os ee Spganheeeame oe pansy enoREET A :OUA o sa gv Ight and he al ooo ogee ih ih ong of Pepe EE wone wich et hod Se wi be reed Segue! hecongeaine wel te priate Gnhed pekng QE Tires iap 2 Soto, AQicioh Pte! (4O164 1, 3-5) Kinks oe 11-12 wan iner- | ‘retin of the twelve cies of the pees who enlghien ducugh Tjek oe of the Urn aud Thuranim, Sich tnehing acing oe kc crac deiner i alo apparent inde heath Song “ln (BS chie of ollsag are tongues of Knowledge they bles tbe God ef novi with al is glorious wks" (19305 23 Tl, 1. The verse fev he lesings of tongote Sud ithe sich and eighth sng, {how eee, dey tongue ofeings Here, the content of the tongue orings i more specially ideaied wid divine lnowledge ti Goals wort of glory Atari ole whose clendial begining fa be conned th a ceremony consecrting new priests th righy floes as group of priny figures are elevated to this proper sole fu pepe fo sence, ‘he Lie Ton of Shine, ‘Rorertng Garcia Mariner has observed thet “The ad community fonsiered its inner dil sa temporary Fueionalcompentin fot the imalidstoement atthe desecrated temple of Jersalem. Ts ay embers ae sd to frm symbobcaly the ha house”) and is pris the Haly of Hobs (108 1, V 6, VII, 11 cf 49958 11, $9258 211, 6-1; 49800 97; 961, 7-8; 4511 35,3." As sggeted ty heey he col lb have added implicit erences to the achi- ‘ecules fund i the Shine The compotion and use of the Sind may well have predated the scars! tetlement at Ouran, but he architectural ment ould vasouly vate to ciferent part fan Eaene group ands leaderhip. Ae forthe ectains, the deal Aepieton of the Qsmran comunity a desrbed inte Gm ale gt el a conraon between he Coane of the Community which ‘then exablsed, would serve at “an evating plantation, » owe ise exe SOE gue Forse sy, Some *cy orca eva of oan a an dato 1) of he iyo bes for ‘are 108 VI £5 ined an a ee ad the Sing fh Ss Sree ss ae ef rpg tet eof pcs tht oa Sersng ashton the vain wth sone Of hoanon” wht woud he content of rch arate nape bt Sayin ma coer oe neo coment ‘imran An iporan ein heath a be Came, Shit dep of commustys curate to pecg en ‘Rives ig nen sla ea 8 NM, ao ‘using in ONBD OTP adn ening emmy Ss) 10S Vi, 1-0, Many hers hve epesed the fa oe ‘its a nec th ieee of He id, wh ogee Cone ine pent in igen scr es esr at i oa ‘bom and de een xt Qh wet en onng one OF enggeer nt commy ss tug octet ap ‘Sip ea wan seg with nr aie pace ols macho the nereon sem hve ne ly se prone in hat ad perp le cen tea” to, sping“ al wah s cal commen ac” See Fane emphnns epee sts of oun Tors od pew tatu oun Once exis ‘mma of hor et of Tara a erga acetates cnr pee th epone Teagh ‘Sich onging ssi te Tr toe fly deed ote sd oe [Ser ae seed th tthe chaning Caotanees™ He sighly point stad a medium of ther ongoing reveton and not the cate connection between sich calc uy and warp, ‘hough nelecing the lugeal context fuel a rveltory lnc a aga Ow anc ep oe eed ‘Sete oe Cueee ume ced it cree magi ee lik compte op cnet eee be eee fk et a St Pr, ack ce ee ace eke Aud t Qua” 7, mg ht nko ea ply ad wth ea i mad pope 2 Fite snterpetve Auton at Queen” 61 iiacemsitonipacuaNNeAleNis inte Nite iia aera oe Ar GRA o “The earmuiycomided ol to ba ‘cngreption of kali’. ‘Goel of bolaea-whotemeraber worhpye inthe peace of Se ty ated vo pty a ced onde Given the sopposition that thee ongoing revelry compostons were Inia orah any sggesone man necessary invlve speculation reat the mysteries of Enowledge undedyng ome of the ect tives were indeed kept obaar, and we might conidara range of ‘possi in underanding the mare of sc prey angele rola Tinson It could be unertod soe arroyo relate to the content {tthe Salt Sgr thems Te crm mare ley to pat beyond the aucorsip and content af the songs temas to be ike he (gous ccanve compodton, wheter of uel mates, ven Ee great uber of prayers, yng, and pale ound inthe Quins ‘caleton or een mare broadly tothe production of sck istineiely ‘Sects teachings a the pean, or the Tn Sel, “A fo exanples might llusrte sch ces arial compostion “the tongue” on he part let prialy elements of te Qumran comsmusiy The Hedge as uniquely tearm Sargcal compostons provide paciculay apt example. Using the tope of egiing ‘gy, the hymns deseo Kiel ata source ned to the waters dine str “But yoo, O my God hae placed your wor in ny mouth x shower of eat ran, for all wh thst abd sa ping tf Iving waters” (VO XVI, 16, Another dhaakagvng pases the Ged of knee” “ou creed opt er the tongue ard you knit words. Ye bing Ente meat ner scrtng a te yee, sa te erent ff ts in ccrdance wth te plan noe 0 ake Known your (oy ad secant our moet WOH 77-80) An een dearer cxample appears sothe thanksgiving which depicts the voeaton of the “hay one who have entered a puted reals ‘sae Yone pied he ere pst met ain cee at [Fast tpn tay Que 8 1 Thanet Wen Ses het Kop” 208218 der near al haan gre by pep opot Sega eal pened oe oa0 poms. sewnaot ‘igh tke stand with he of he hy aes nd ee he Ted ih he engrossed you be lone {er each a cal Sry wth pit of Knog rae out ‘un fyi he alu orca your wens cl a Fy wo UQHU RL 2-25) The except above would even seem to cncaplat in bre thelr geal movement of the Sng hemsches, fom dhe re song in which the worhpper beroan ter "ongue of die” unt ther purification lw them to join athe prnded estate pret recount he vine wonders of ceaon indeed al of God’ "work” ‘As was evident inthe seve Song, Heting at Qumran ivabes mination and prenppenninterzaon of opera mera {fom she daly pace of ay tha allows fr it creative readeptar tion An caampleof such creative praying of the wadion might be found in one acount ofthe enwenant reneval ceremony Sul. With sp labored veion of the deed pray lasing own Rams [Nam 624-26 (10S T, 1, the prea ae called to les he ti, the pure ons who ave entred accel nt the Tad, While the Uestng ofthe pets nce i the Ril of he Crea, ty are to expend "rece terigheos deed of Go nal great wore ‘sed annonce is merci vor toward eel (1081 21) The pete te not deere ar reading fom 2 nol, which would be indeated ty the verb Rp, but are depends trng sreenatng (S73) cf divin invleinent in nel pst, chs suggeing an oral dtvery ‘of sch acoant The Lester are lea eid to play 2 seemingly shadow sole wo the pees in he tury by ecaling te afl acy of eel fd by caring theo the li of Bela. Arne expaive vw of the Content of the nara engendered by the Sgr ts igh inclade ‘vious reconstals of the contents of some pate of the Tana {hove compossons that have been cased a "paraihcl” among the Quran Seerre” If we ean asume tha the Sg predate the setlement of a group at Qumran, the rial petormances an Ue “Siren Aa ewe ig ca ty $agee Ui, “Toe Bene Mang The Soir ord ot Ova” I i Ga Se nv arp P Pe STDS: od Rai i ea Sse rare Mone ar NOU n acrmath tay have generated host of ves ofthe torah fom ‘Sint ding te many years of het we. Cine ‘To come fl cele o our nal question: Why would members of the (Qumran aad parsipate in Gtugydesrbng angele pial pre Sod ahi ry tat never reveal the word ore to Go by ibe angel gre themsees? The unique gear ofthe Sor uggess 2 ‘Siu te wn the roan comm The tive ere poponed [rots a zat of Jac wa ines no longer ote in the concen UF sy exnence bat, over he couse of he ist quate f the solar sear of Sluts, war enasng i own tr a «pure “ancrnry ten” and in pesrmsing he heaven-on-earthy eempesabernace Itorgy provided & model snd inpraton or continuing revelation by the angle in the commniny who served among them. The fumulate evidence of sul lei! hit ugges a much, At the Center of the Iturpcal oe les an acount of the pepe vine Cteton ia which energy unlesed serves a eomisoning ofall ge, pts and crested beings by dhe divine wi. or the angel he {nls in pst tei cal rela”) through este knowledge “Toe disincons etveen pie, humans, angel, dees, ad spi ‘dete atthe more promic beining of the cle, gradually besames arr if not ndadngubabl by the hires Song Teer ear that highly erate individuals with time to deote tp etre ineletal pares compored the Sng Jat tthe St ‘emadhs are ich, mullayered apes that ofr a narative depe- fon of heaven-onearthly pave, separazed dszoure fered ote vine Bing, the songs tobe ung by estate tones shou be mani Sato of the pared heart and minds of the presty commnity ‘members whe proper mition it reproduoein he bes way pole (he git of dine lntrucon fom Sinai. Depending on the degree of the uth Grind imagination, the reuling compasions might ‘be wonky of "onguss ef iasructon” sich as inthe Mado (JOR XVI, 35°36) or other construe of nat (40405 23 I, 106-13) ‘The Longa ofthe angels and wmatey thei nm songs were 1 be a ‘ments of summoning pees version of Sina in which the gloous dine pence andi ange rednse woul continu to revel the ‘mymere of the divine purpose in ceaon and history as present,2 one. nae and fotwe, The revelation of Torah at Sinai as summoned dough the hal of the Sto was reviewed trough the lisa of thee prope and thee commisioning for sevice: ih, a prophet of Zion who reconclvod the Tape ad is ale aie the eal, edie the ened rope witonary and fnly jah the Mosaic races at the ‘orious presence of God among te pied elect Signal ae wel (Contnng expo of dine even. ‘Rabbinic dsm wos imal recognize tra hed and rah sabi ansited through a chain of author prophet sSesy oie fom Mowe to Junto the en of th eres sem Tut by-pasing the prey howe of Aaa (AM 1) At Quan, ‘we may winesin he peformance ofthe Sng of Be Sala Sart ‘iual prompting ah heb aon, aa om he tages, an estate, ‘plied ofan of the divine aching Fos Sz, generated rough 2 ural mqurnce that eve bot fo legate and to remnfrc he Sauber angele priest sans ofthe dt eadehip, The trance ‘Shai that are mmoned ae enmeed cnly withthe of Zon ad is prophet piel raion, eis not Move 0 mich neidens the prophet vie of authority bat the Hes of Aaron and is howe ‘who dominate thi retsioal of vine aching sok cinieiencobeni tains saat, MOVING MOUNTAINS: FROM SINAL TO JERUSALEM Georg J Brooke Univesity of Mandhestes, England “The porpowe of this paper isto argue Sat in term of elo ‘loth the sect Bebiad he sectarian srl ound inthe leven eaves Shand wear Qumran war orented towards Jerse more than {sds Sia owatde Mount Zion more tan owarde Mownt Bore ‘Tis peipestve, tetra ton, canbe eotpted eeatively with he Gulook of Philo or with the doe of Lams rabbinic complains in which the leu of revelation is cleary les significant than ether tho wa fevesed there ore ne to wham he reveaan was gen. ‘Wn the Quiren movement eee to sare th both Philo and the rabbinic eadion isa ecera eo pay attention to Bots, and what i Toedaed though hin, moving the focus of stenion sway fom the Toc of reelaion ie 1. The baka i ek of bess 1 scept thatthe book of Fula canis much weight for the group ‘woe Hany wa found 3t Qumran Jules sors to seve sever Fanciona Int only zepesent the ind of halle concerns that re eeloped in more obviouly sectarian compositions ke the Dama ‘5s Donon? bo i alto rene Yo Tia valotble insights fom she Se Beka perme eee oe See cicero es eee era era seas es a i Seance SP Moe tals tae Laure a ohare utey 4 GD XV, 44, butse sho Dewrah Dian “io ‘Sunde Reaone Tee SoCal Bat gt Aaa ee ioe a!