Nitro Compounds

Methods of preparation:

1) Aliphatic Nitro compounds

i) Vapor phase nitration of alkanes:

Hydrocarbons on heating with fuming nitric acid at 693-793K are converted into nitroalkanes.

ii) Treatment of alkyl halides with alcoholic AgNO 2

Iodoalkanes on treatment with alcoholic silver nitrate are converted into nitroalkanes beside s alkyl
nitrites

iii) Oxidation of t-alkyl amines with KMnO4:

Here, the amine must be primary and –NH 2 group should be attached to tertiary carbon.

2) Aromatic Nitro Compounds:

Nitration is performed with a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulphuric acids, which is a source of
nitronium ion:
Electronic structure and Properties