@ó»Üa@À@pa‹šb«

@ @

‫
א‬‫א‬


 !
"#$
%&'



‫ 

א
–

א א‬


‫א‬

òîãëØÛ⁄a@ñ@‡înÇ@òjnØß
www.atida.org/e-library
library@atida.org


()*‫א‬


 

                                                                                

  


     

  

 

                                                       

  


 

   

                                                        

 

 " # $

   



% & '

                                                        

 

( +

$ # $

   


) *  

                                                        

 , - 

( 1

    


. / 0 

                                                      

  2 




# 3

 5    

                                                     

  

7 8

   

0 6 

                                                     

 , -  

 ;

 :  #

   



                                                     

  2 

<

# $

   

. 

'

                                                       

? 2 @

< = >

 D

 / A B C

                                                     

@ 

>

F 1

# "

 

/ A E C 

                                                         

(
D

I
J

 H

4 G

                                                         




I
J

 H

4 G

                                                         

+


I
J

 H

4 G

                                                         

; 

      # $
K

  

  

                                                       

 2 @


;

 

. / A B C

                                                           

1


%+,
, - 
,  
  @  
 , 

=  >

     # "      #

     

C   

0  /   B


 2   -   ? 2  , -  

 

# #    # #   #

      

)
/  C /   /  /  )

' ' 

2 
     


              #

          

     C / 


% ' %




  ,   
,  ! @ 2  ,     



# #   #    #  

5  

0 . / C / 
" / 0 ) 
)    

#  $ 

  

) / C  6 

)  
-    %  &   % %
 ? 2


#  # + # $  # #    # $ (

  

 * / 
.     )

% '

'

? 2 1  )  0     2  , %    2 , 0 - 2

" +  # #   # #

   

6 
 B
 6 C / 
B  ) /


' ' ' 

  2  ,
, @  
- 3  4 - !


 

# # #   " # # #   

 5      5  

/
) . / C 
C  . / 

' &

 3 - %  2 2 ,  ,      -   

# $ $ #             7  +   6 

       5 

/ *

/   6 0

   -  ? 2  ) 

Stream of Consciousness
>

   9

    

*  " 8  /  6
 B 

% '

, 2 ? 2  ,    <    ? 2 2  

 

# # :      ;    :   # # + #  ;

 

  C /   6

 ) /  /

 

 "

  %      2    0
- 


# : >    $    #   # 

    =  5 

 . ? C /  8 .  
/ 0

  % ! 2 ) %  % 2 @  2 A    

>

# $  #  # # $  " #  #

     

 /  * * 6   .  B   ) .

I
J
# $ # $  #
K

   

 /  C / 

  -    - 2 ? 2 ,    2 

  # B C  #  + B   D  # $ C  

     5 5

0 B  )
C / 
) .  /  )
 

  E - 
,
   &  3    


9 9

$       #  # B 

    

 B 8 C /  /    C / 
/ 6 *  / 

& &

#  

)


'

 ,  %
 

# 

     5


6 

  -

 F

  

8 

webmaster@interpreters.zzn.com
http://aburisha.tripod.com

2
 ‫
‬

‫

‬

‫א‪
+‬א‪


:‬‬

‫‪

12#340


–
/
.‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
 -


 % @ -  

 -  
,

 "  # "   #  # C  

     

)
C /   . 

B
.
 C /  

' 

G G

,   
 , -  % @ -  - 


 #  +  # # ; # $  ;   # 

       

 C /  0 /  ) . 6 / . .
C /    . 6 

'

  2    

  $  + # 

   

C /  8 
 

, 
,   )        ? 2 3  

#  #   :   #  # $ # #

     

  C /    
 /  0 0


% '

= 

 $

B 8

3  @  

#    " # 



'

2  - 2 2 2  , 2  ) 

I
J
# #    # $           # + #   +

       

0

  B . /  

' ' ' 

)   2    2 3  2 ? , 2 , 2

<

I
J
  #  $ $ C  :  #    # ; $  # # + # " #

        

    /  0 6 /

'

)  - !

"

Abduct a diplomat # 

0
#
2



-

6
<

& 

Kidnap a kid #  
 <

& 

Hijack a plane @




# :
<

& 

4
 @ 2 @  

 

 *

I saw a big tree.

-   ! @ -  

 +  

  

. B 

I saw with my own eyes/with my naked eyes a man beating his child.
  - @  % @   - ? 2
-

+   ;   "  ;  #  + +  "  B #

      

/
B .  
/ 6 ) 

& '

Although he spared no efforts, his theory did not see light until recently.
3  @   -  ?   2

 

 # #  + + $ 

   

 6 ) C 

He spared no efforts.
He did every effort.
He did his best.
He left no stone unturned.
He left no avenue unexplored.
0  2 - ,  , ? 2 2 )  

 

$  ; # $  # + # #  $ $ #

       

B *  B *  ) /  /     .

 

)  2 ? 2 

#  $  # 

 

.   

'

Thank God for your safety.

  - -   ) 2 

     # #  # 

  

)   / 0 

  - -   2 2 E @   2   )

Good
   
 

    ; # #  # 3 #   3 #  "  #

  

)      

 , , - 2 % @  
 0 2    -     

Morning


I
J
 # #  $        # # # "

     

 )   /   /

J
#

   -   , 2 )  ) 

idioms
= >

I
J
#  # # # +   +

5   

)  E /  /  

& 

-  < 2 1 % , < 2   , 1 

closed meeting
 

9 9

#  #  # +  ;    # + 

   

)  /    / 

0 % 2   2 %   -

meeting in camera
# 



#

/ /
#

/




     #

5
 The two leaders held a meeting in camera.
< 2 %

#  # # + #  

    

 / 


)  % 

Excuse my French, …   



'

K

 
;

Remember me to so and so.

% 

 

 0

Say hello to so and so.

% @    2

I agree with you on this matter.

F

 #   " 

8  

2  2

I totally agree with you. 

# #

?



#  

I am in total agreement with you.

@ ) @ -

I feel/think/believe that you are mistaken.

!

 "  

5 

&

   ? 2 -  ! ?    ? 2  2

# $ 

beat 



;

punish 



" / 0
#

. 
$ 

&


8
 



I
J

'

,      2 1 !     


#  $   #  #  " ; # ; :
K

    

8 
C /  * .  / .

'  

 

3       2  @ 2 % -   , - ? 


#  # #  "  #  # # "  > 

     


8 .

C / 
. 
 .

' '

 2

 $ 

3  0 ?   

 

 # # $  " 

    

 ) 

 

Theory  
"

Theoretical 

 
"

   ? 2

Theoretically speaking / In theory  

. 


8
#

  

Theorise


I
J
#  

   
.  .

6
   , 2   ? 0 ? ? 

 
>

 # # $  B 

     

. ) 

Leaf @

*


'


Branch ?

>

Root 

# 

. 


Trunk @

8 
1 

 2  

 

 # 

 




Director !

#
,




Headmaste, 

0






2

General principal
Head,


'
C 
 




2

Operator J
#
2 1 

8
2

B
<

8
2




2

Chairman
%  -   3  2 0 ?    0 2

proof hypothesis
 

#   # $  "  #

      = 



.


' '

    
   2  2 2 

refute corroborate premise

   

  

    

 .


&

3  0 ? 3 

 

 # # $   

8 8

  

 )   

2  3

right true


I
J
# 




6 /  

 @ 3 2

wrong untrue
I I
J J
  B

 5

6
 

&

2 2   0 ? 2 

big, great, giant, large, sizable,

 

$ #  #  $   

  

B ) .   

'


'

 ,   2 A @      ? 2  % @ 2 2

senior
<

# #  #        #  $   #

    

? / A 0      B 

 0 2    ?  0   
,   , 2 ) A 

   # >   # " # # "      + # +   # 

    

 /     

 2 2    2

# # $ " ; $  " $ 

      

 0 B /  0

a spacious room
 

 B

family and in-laws

wife 

+


husband 4


mother ! 

father  

daughter 

.
-

son ? -

grandfather/gr grandchild/grandson/gra

@ @ 0 0

: :  

 

7
andmother nddaughter
(maternal) 

# 3

(paternal) uncle
,

uncle
(maternal) 


# 3

(paternal) aunt 


,

aunt
niece nephew

 -    ? -

  

father in law 
-

son in law 

.
-

4
 

  

+  

mother in law !

daughter in law ? -

;


+
 

  

+  

sister in law brother in law

 

  

5  5

    

+   + 

widower B
2

divorcé 9

&
2

B
+

widow 


2

divorcee 




&
2 @


2

infant %


Embryo, fetus

.
+

foster brother step brother/sister

 - 2 

# #  B  

   5

 *

Teenager, 9



2

child B
0

adolescent
adolescence 





 @

childhood 



0

&

@

puberty, adult

  D #

maturity
pregnant B
2

adulthood


 

pregnancy
B 

single married

-    2  2

#    +  

 

* / /

fiancé engaged

  : # : #

5 5 5

 & 

fiancée step father/mother

 -    

&

!   

spring *
#


eye %

" 

lord J
%

# 




C 


I

spy, spies J

0
# +
I
%







optical J



>
-

the naked truth 







@  ) % ,  , - 

<

#  $ $  #  

   

. /    * 

Some scientists hold that that planet harbours life.

 0    , ! , - <  % !   -

scientist


I I
J J
#   #  # #     # #  $ #

    

*      B / 8   

&

2     - <  -  % !   -

scholar
>

I I
J
# C # # +  #  $ #

     


/  .  B / 8 B  6    

) -

J
 #

 
, 2 -  %

a teacher
>

I
J
  #  # 



0
6   / 0

G G

 , 2
, 2 -  %

an instructor
>

I
J
# :    #  # 



6   / 0

G G

    

a professor


I
J
#   # # # 

 

/ 0   B / 0 / 0

G G G

- -  0 0 @ 

students of thought
I
J
 #  $ #    $ # 

   

 *   0

!  0 - , 

I
J
# # +  # 

 /
 *


worldwide, all around the globe, all over the world

 , 2 0    2

<

"  ; # #    #

8 8

  

B  /  . ) *   / 
.

' '

 , - A 

J
 # 

  




'

Mercury 6
#

&


Venus @




Mars



Earth 


Saturn B
8


Jupiter 

/ 8


Neptune %

/
 "

Uranus


"


Pluto 




-

Milk Way 

" # 

6
@

 

The Solar System 

8 


   

Galaxy
Meteor 

) *

Comet 
"
 2

Aliens 




'



Outer space 3

+ # 3

*
#

9
 Lunar 

 

'

Satellite* 3 ,

  :
I

%
-


 

'

3 

J
# 

Crescent   

Solar 3 

Crusade 

   
>

 

Cross 
 


Muslim/Hijri 

 / 

Christian 3 

 / 

Calendar Calendar/
Gregorian
Calendar
Annual 

. 0

Year 

Fiscal year 


#
 

Academic year 




Perennial 

2




   )       , -     2

satellite state
I
J
# "       #

   5 


 6

  6 
   6

  @

Life and death



# 

 

@ @

Life hereafter
 5 
# 

    2 ! 

The Day of Judgment

#


# 

 


 

living organisms


 # # $



. 

creatures


# 



"

'

  

minute organisms


  # # $




 . 

'

A -  0  %

immortality immortal mortal

I
J
 3 # # ; #

 5

6


   

     0  

decay, perish die out die

 

I
J
  

  

 .

 

? 2 @ ? 2 ?

He survived the accident.



# # $

6 .  ?

  ? 2  - @ - @ ? 2   ?

 #  B ; # # $

    

 /  .   ?

The minister narrowly escaped an attempt on his life.

10
 I am hungry.
 %  ,

I
J
# + # "  +



 

  ,    2 

I
J
#  #   # 

  5   

/  ) / C 

. . 8

&

@ 2  %

It is raining.
(

: # # 

 

It is foggy.


#  :

  

 2 

It is snowing.


 $ #

It snows in winter.
F

#  # D  $

* / 8  *  

 !  

It grew darker.
!

$ 


 6 6

He is sportive.
;

  " 

)  

He has died/he died.



 

 )    %  

So and so was dead all that years.

+

   :  #

.   
B

2  %  ?  

He is dead.
1

# + 




 
 0

3  2   2 % 


(
D

# $  "

  5 

) 8 
B  /

So and so was translated into his last abode last month.

,  3

I have a headache.
( (

+ 

My head aches.
)    0 @

>

# # 

8 8

 B  0 

I felt sorry for you yesterday for what happened to you.

was
 2  2   A

I am dying for a full mark.

> =

(


 #   

   

   8 

 ) )  3  

This pen is mine; that is yours.

I
J
 

 

 

' '

    )
  

This pen is for you; that one is for me. 



 
5 

0 


 
5

 ? 2  

Rope Robe
<

  #  

  5 

 
/ /  

1    2

I have been sick all week. 




0

:

 

11
  0 @ 

The infantry soldier crossed the river swiftly.

(

#  +

) .  8
.

% & '

3  ,  % 

I hate being interrupted.



$ #   : #  

8 8

* . 
 

I hate to be interrupted.
@  )  ? 2 2   ,

I lost hope to pass in that course.



#   #

6  .  B

& '

  2

% 2

to pass the exam

 
=

# ;  

2 3 -

to succeed in doing something

 

#   # 

  

* * B .

4   @       @  % 

# #  #

 


   

% & '

G G

So and so bought me a return/one-way ticket.

 - @ 

reminder
I
J
# # $ $

 

  

!    @  2

memorandum, memo
I
J
# #

5 

B 6  0 

'

 @  2

warrant of arrest
#

 /
 

   ,

So and so interrupted the train of my thought.

!

 # $   "

& '

2 !         @ 0  3  -

C  B " # $ #  "

   

6 .
* )  /  

' & % &

Electricity has been cut off, lights went off and a blackout hit the city.

   
- 

>

$  # # + # ; "

 

8  0 )  

% &

The computer has been disconnected.

The computer is disconnected.
3     )  ,

# + ; # #  # :  

    

/
 * 
 

& '

That country has made good progress/great strides in social welfare.

2  2 -    )  ,

>

 #  #
# 

 

 0
 
 

% ' & '

That state severed its diplomatic ties with China.

  -

State  6

country



 2 

reciprocal relations


#  #



 6 /

'

 2  2

mutual interests
>



 / 8

  

bilateral relations/ties


 # #



. 

'

  

(
D

$    # C 

    


 8 6  

% &  '

Louis XVI was beheaded by the revolutionists/rebels.

12
  @

revolt against

$

revolution


% , ? ,  %

mutiny against mutiny

> >

#   # 

 

  2  2 

armed conflict
=

 

 2 1

armed struggle


  @ -
 % 3

( (

#  #  

    

 
) /  

& % & ' '

The judge ruled that the convict was engaged/involved in highway

robbery.

involved engaged



convict
) /

suspect
.



 ) 

accomplice



: 

felony
=

2  2   3   2

Ms. Justice Mr. Justice

I I
J J
> "  # #  #

   

     

 3    @ -

He promised me not to lie to me again.

(

 " #  $ ;

 


)

% & '

 0 -  0  


(


# # $ + #  "  C 

  

6  / 
) * 

% & '

The prime minister vowed to root out the corrupts.

pledged
took upon himself
- ,   

( F

D " # #  ;

  

8    6

& ' % & ' '

The boys decided to spend (kill) the time playing chess.

,

The butcher has chopped off his finger.



    :

% & '

  0  -  , -  ,

  

 " #  # # # : #

   

     8 

% '

Some multinational corporations have boycotted French goods.

   0  ,  1   2  2

 
>

I
J
 $  #  :  # #       # +
K

       

 *  / "   6 /

' ' ' %

 2 ? 

# "

  

6 

'

, ,

 

company, corporation; firm, business; partnership; association 



 *





 *

13
 , ,

 2 

association of capital 





 *

 , - 

/ /

subsidiary 
#

 


 *

insurance company

2 

/ /

   *

? 2 

/ / /

partnership, joint-liability company, joint company #





 *

, ,

limited partnership
  -  

/ / / /

 

 

    *

& 

, ,

% 

/ /

airline 
 :





 *

, ,

 

affiliate 7

 





 *

5 5

 2   - 

/ / / /

holding company .



 )



#

'



 *

 2 

/ /

particular partnership
 =

7 #

  *

   @  2 

/ / /

limited liability company, limited company

=

I
J
7 6

 

 6
   *

   2 

/ / / /

joint-stock company, stock company 

#





 *

, , ,

 0 < 2 

joint-stock company; anonymous company 

 


 *

 !  @     

 #

   

  

% & '

The minister cut short his visit scheduled on Sunday.

@ 1

Gaza Strip
( +

 B #

& '

2 1

Service Sector
( 1

# 3 #

& '

 ,  ,   %
, @ 1 

 

#   #  #  $ "  #    B # # " # "  # (

    

 /    / C /  .
 .

& '

The occupied 

/

3




The West Bank 


-


<


 0

Territories
Israeli occupation  

/
8
;


 +

The Golan heights 

#
, 0



2

army 3

 


0

%


:

Settlement of 1


>


 

Settlement 

.
:

/
 2

dispute
Colonists % 

 
,

Colonisation/ #


,

/ 0

Imperialists imperialism
Zionists 

.


)
>

Colony @

 
,

/
 2

Naksah (recession)  

Nakbah 

 $

(catastrophe)
Evacuees %


8


Refugees %


6 +


14
 Diaspora 

/ 8 

Returnees % 



#
,

Terrorism / terrorist Resistance

    2  2

#  #  #

Extremist #

&
/
2

Fundamentalist 


  ,  % - ,

  


Holocaust
I
J
 # #  #    # $

       

   6 )    

 '

) 2 

I am angry with you.

(

 B

-   

This is my son with whom I am pleased.



 

0


) 2 

I am fed up with you.



'

) 0  ? 2 

I am worried about that state of chaos.

F

 # 

 

    

'

   - ,  < %     4 
- % )

   #  C    #   #     

          

/  )
   /  ?

  -  

I speak English fluently.



    ; 



' &

%   -

I am talking in English.


    ; # 





I drink milk everyday.



#   

 

B  *

I am drinking tea.
+

 # " 

8  *

 2 ,    2 ! @ ,


#   # 

  

 

.
   

 

I play football when I go to the park.

 - , 2   @ ,

I play football when I get bored.

(
D

 #  #  

  

B *
.   

2
@ ?  @  

He always comes late.

 =

( (

I
J
# # " # #  " 

   5 

" * 6
/ . / 6

2 @ ? 2 2    @  2 

He is always coming late!

(

I 
J
# # + # # #

    5 

6 
. / 6

   @  2 )

# "   

   5

/ /  * /

? 2   !  !   ? 2 !  4  3 
- )

# # # # + # #   #     

             

/ /  /  ) /   / 

?  %  A    2 - -  - , %  

 ; #   #  $ #    ;    +

      5

    * B 8 ) . ?  )

 

4  - 4  1   2

Present Simple
   

J
  #   # $

  

 B B 

'

15
  % 2 @ , @ 

(


# "  # #  #    #

  


.
0



Mr. Ahmad led a happy life when he was in France.

  - @    - @

( F

 # #   #

7 8 8

 

/


 

&

Ahmad has until recently lived a miserable life.

!    2  2 


 
# # # #  # "   #

     

 . 8




Ahmad has been living in France for eleven years.

0 2   ,    

   ;    # #  :

7 7 8 7 8 7 8

 

/ 0 6 
   

'

I have been knocking at the door for ages and I wonder when it will open
for me.

!  2   @   2 % @ ! 1  ? 2    2


  + #  #  $ 

      

6 / ) /    0 6   0  B

& '

This time next week, I will be flying to Amsterdam.

      < - 0  ? 0    A  -

>

( +

 "     ;  # # # $   #  :  # 

    

 B   .  .

 3  

While knocking at the door, I saw a bird. J




:

'


8

" * 


While I was knocking at the door, I saw a bird.

non-finite clauses

  2 % 2 - 


= =

#   + #  # # # ; #  

  

 / 0
B 8  /

If I pass the comprehensive exam, I will migrate to Australia.

@     %
 , %

 $  C  #

  5  

 0  
.  

&

If I had lettuce, I would make you a delicious salad.

    3 - -


 # # #  # $ " 

    

. * 

'

If I had come earlier, I wouldn’t have been penalised by the manager.

Had I come earlier, I wouldn’t have ………

Non-finite

- Stephen’s winning the race pleased his father.

A  -   0 -  
0 ,

#  #  


 / 0
0

16
 - She regretted having discussed the matter with you.
) , 2 2  2  2

# # 

 

) / 8 . 
. 

'

- Being the eldest child, Catherine took care of her younger brothers and

-       - ?   2

sisters. 
) .
 #

. 0



" #


# #

 5
 #

 5
 #

  


#


#

'

- Having finished with the dowry, let us talk about the honey moon.

   1 2 ? 2 % , -

 =

  " # " # B  # "  > 

8 8

       


/ 6 ) .

.

- Her leg caught in the trap, she could not escape.

@   %  0 ? 2 ?

>

   #  + $

  

 )  / 

- They appreciate your offering them the job. , ,

. .

 0  ) %  

   

    

) 


) , %    %   2  @ ? @  % , 2   2

  $  $ # #   #

     

0


 B  * 8 .
0 /  8 
.

' '

 -  

J
  $  #

    

  

&

17
 2 <  0 % 2   2 )

: # #  +

  


.
 B  
) *

That man witnessed the death of his parents when he was a little child.
? 2  2  2  0 ? 2   %     )

>

# + # #  #   

       

   0 6  
) *

 &

<

That country saw acts of pillage and mutiny and was in a state of chaos
and vehement wave of violence.
 2  -  %   % 

ABC


  # (  #  

    

6
. ) . 0 )
 B


  *
) 8 

% '

- ABC Company certifies/hereby certifies that Mr. So and so has worked

for it for a period of four years in the capacity of Administrative
Assistant.
- This is to certify that Mr. So and So has worked for ABC Company for
a period of four years in the capacity of Administrative Assistant. ,

    -  - 


# #  + ( 7  # # 

 

) / 0 )   6 ) 8
8  6

 

- The witness gave his testimony, which led to the acquittal of the
convict.
- The witness gave his testimony by which the convict was acquitted.
.

,    

He was charged with high treason. 


 

" #  3



 

)
+

%    

eye witness
# 

#

false witness


#

3 0  1 

defence witness
"

#

ear witness
#

#

      -   

= >

  !

" " # "

   

/ 
) 8 

&

These developments attest to the theories of Ms. So and so.

@ 2 @ 2    , ? 2  2  


<

 

#    "  +

  5  

E " * 8 B /  6 .   .
) *

&

The region has lately/recently seen a wave of violence that claimed the
lives of ten.

18
 ? 2  , - @ 


#  #

 

/ 0
  6 6 . / 0

  

According to Article 4 of the constitution...

In accordance with…
By virtue of…
On the basis of…
On the strength of…
% 2    

>

" # " +  # "

   

  E * 0 . /  

% 

These measures (are in line with/are in harmony with/are in conformity

with/conform to) the provisions of the law.
   ? 

= >

 #  " " # #   # 6  # " # "  # (

   

 /   
.
/ 0
 *  .

&

Having mentioned something about constitution, let us examine these

legal terms:

Laws

"

Constitution 

/ 0


Regulations 


 
,

Bylaws 

 
"


Article @

6
#


Paragraph @


0

Item
.


2  @ 2 @   @  2   


B # #   + 

* B  0
. /

&




I saw a man leaning on a car, eating a hamburger.

  0  @  2 
  - 2  

<

    " #   

    

.   
6 6  


& '

The minister underscored/reiterated/underlined his country’s support of

the Palestinian Cause.
,    %   2

insure assure

; # :    $  

  5

. B

& ' '

@ -
  -
    <

I
J
    $   # " # "  $ "  # # 3

 

. 
. 0   / . 
   0 

& % &

Please rest assured that we are following up the matter and will revert to
you with any developments in due course.
2 
  2
! @ -  @     <

I
J
# # # # " # 3  $ " # "  # # 3

 

. / 
B

 .
   0 

' &

We assure you of our best attention and services. 




19
 %    
-

Between the blue devil and the Dead Sea.

F

. 

' &

@  ,   3  @

I will stand by my friend in bad times.



" #

 

0 0

'

 % @ A  , 2

stand by
<

#   

  5

    0 /

 1  0  2

< <

# 

  

) .   8  6 /

' '

I will not stand by to let the company collapse.

  2  ,
, - 

#   " # 

 

*
  )
0

They will stand shoulder-to-shoulder against the enemy.

 , 2 ?  - ,  % % ? 2  @ -


shoulder
 
< < 

 # # $ #      "  # ;

5 

/ .  /  B   / . .

% ? % 
 , % , 2   , - )   A   -

 $  # "   #  #  $ # #  # #

  5  5

/  B     .  /

A   @ % , 2

#  #

 

 6
B 

Head :
2  


She headed for the bus stop.

<

#   +

E  )

'

Hand :

-

He handed me a pencil.


#    # 
K

E

' &

Arm :
They were so terrified that they armed themselves with loaded guns.
@ A - 

0 

#    + # " #

   5 

8 6 . 
 

Eye :
2 0  , - 2


We eyed each other thoughtfully.

9

$  # "

  5   
 . B 

20
 Nose
Nose

, 2 3 0 %

 ;   "     ;

8 8

 

.  8

I am not keen on poking my nose in matters that do not bother me.

  , - 0  ? 2  % 


I
J
$ #    "   "  # 

 
 * / 0 .  .




So and so looks down his nose on people.

)  - )  3 0 ,  2 2 % @ - , ) - 3 0

= 

I
J
+  #  "     ; " 

5     


 * 6 6
 / 

& 

I follow my nose.

Back :
    

- My back is aching.
I
J
 + 

 

 ) )


- The defense says he found a witness to back his claims.

    1 3 2  

 # # +  "  # #

  

 * 6

*


 

Finger :

They fingered him as the one who committed the crime.

   ! - 



 : $   "   #
;     # 

  

    *

 %

2 @    2 3  @  - 
  - , 

 

# #  +  $ $ #  #  # " : # $ #  # 

     5   

6   /   /

-   -  ,
- - 2 

Perpetrators
   

 : + " #   $  + "

      


B   / .   /

 

“The mastermind”

Nail :
The policemen managed to nail him for highway robberies.
   ? 2   ?

   #       #  : # + $

     

    *   8  ?

& % & '

21
Foot :
.

  !    - , - 2  2 , % 

    ;  #  #  "  "  " #

   


" /  
" /  6 6 .

John has one foot in his grave.

.

  2 % %  -    2 ,  - , - 2 ,   !  %

>

+  #   #  #  $ $    + +

    

.
   / 
" / 0  

 )  ?  ? 

J
  # :  +

   

 * 

22
  , 2 ? 2 @ ? 2

The man left the town never to return.

(

+ B   +

  5

 B 

   ? 2  -

The man drove out the town.



 #  +

  5

.
 B 

  @  -

The man was driven out by Ahmad.



 # #  +

   5

 6  B 

A  ? 2 % 

#  

 5


 

So and so was ousted (turned down) from the competition/race.

.

2 -
,

# # #

 5

) / . / 0  

4 4

The scientist has made (has arrived at) a significant conclusion.

2 ,

The people revolted against its government.

;

 $ 

   5

/  8 

The people rose against its government.

 -  0 ?  ) 

C #  #   +

  5

 6  

'

That country seceded (broke away) from the Paris Convention.

  ?

The train has run off the track.

+

$ #

  5

&

The train has gone off the rails.

? 2   

 >

#  " #   #  " ;

    

 

This matter is nothing but a babyish behaviour.

 ) ?
? 2 %  , 

(
D

 + # 3

 

So and so is one of that party’s dissidents.

%   2

The outlaw is still at large.

( (

#   : " #  # 3 #

  

   

   2

The lion is still on the loose.

(

#   : #


0

1  ?  1 2 %

(


#    # "  

    5   

/ /   * 8

The composition (paragraph, essay) you wrote is irrelevant.

 < A ?  

( F

 # " # 

 5  

& & & '

The number you dialled cannot be reached.

The number you dialled is out of reach.
 2 ?  

The number you dialled is out of use.

(

3 # 

 5  

& '

, E -   % 

#   # # #    

 0 6  "  6

% 

4 G

I wish to go abroad to pursue my graduate studies.

 , 2   ,

I seek admission to the university.

> =

# :     

  

   0

'


, -  2   2 3 2 

# #  ; # "  #  #   #  D #   

  5  

/ . 6  C    .  

'

 

23




# 3    "

 6

The Gross National Product (GNP) has amounted to JD…… given the
revenues of Jordanians living abroad.
The Gross National Product (GNP) has amounted to JD…… given the
revenues of Jordanian expatriates.

@  ? %    , - 

 + ;

     

 6 * 

& 


'

Unfortunately, some children are out of control.

 ?   

So and so lost her temper.

( +

# : " +

   5

   

This is the exit door.

( 1

 # 

"  

 , 2  2 ?     

This machine is out of service.

D


I
J
 3 + #

 5 



&

24
  @  -

7 8

 

B   . 0

We will fight fiercely until death.

!   @ 2

 

(
D
; ; 

#      ; # 

7 8

6 6 6

I am taking a course in English Literature up till 1660.

  <
,


  +    # 3  #

7 8

.  
0

- I travelled abroad to learn a foreign language.

- I travelled abroad so that I could learn a foreign language.
- I travelled abroad with an aim to learn a foreign language.

, 
, 
- ,   


  # #  #  " ; + 
K

 


/
/

'

% 2 % 

Even so and so passed the exam.

=

# ;  

7 8

 

 !

#  3 3   

7 8

C 

I ate all the vegetables including cucumbers.

 <  

    ;  +

7 8


0 6

 G

I studies hard lest my father get angry in case I failed.

) 0 ? 

B    

7 8

  5 

     




Even if you told me the truth I would not forgive you.

2 ) A  %  

 #   " #   #

7 8

 ) *




Although so and so won the race, I still doubt his skill.

2 
%

 #    

7 8


.  0 / 0

I haven’t received any letter from him so far.

25
 3 0  2     2  0   


+ # 3 #  #  # # $ # # # # "  $ # #  : 

 5 

* 
 0 *    

NASA has launched a rocket and a space shuttle to the outer space.


National Aeronautics and Space Administration

>

# # # " 

5 

 / 0 

?  ? 2  , -

 +   +  : 

 5  


/ B 

The man grew a beard after his release from prison.

The man, after being released from prison, grew a beard.
     , ,  -
 !

" #     # " ;  

  

/   /  

  '

a- The man who was tortured and humiliated committed suicide.

b- Tortured and humiliated, the prisoner committed suicide.
b
!      , , 
 %  ,  
? 

  " #     (  " # $  : $ 

  



/      )

' ' 

 )

finite, non-finite and verbless clauses

=

I
J
  # " ;

 B C 0 6 /

   2

The lion is still on the loose.



#   : #


0

lose
  0  , 
- A 

loose
I
J
  +   "

   


   

/

 ,  ? 2
  2

The thief is still at large.

F

 + # #   :  #



 

  2 @  2 

 !

  # $  : 

     

. /  8


The government has launched many (several, a number of)

developmental projects.
 0 ? 2 @ 
% , % 0

< =

  #  3 # #  : 

.  / 
0
 .  . 

The artist (pianist) gave full rein to his imagination and produced one of
the masterpieces in painting.

2   , ? 2  2  ) 0  

<

 $ #  +    #  : 

  

B 
.  6      

The state of chaos in that country unleashed an unprecedented wave of

violence.
  % 

So and so divorced his wife.

+

 +  :

(Please check page 5 above)

  @  0 3 

   :  #     +  : 

 

/ 6

B  .  0
.

' &

An Israeli soldier shot dead a Palestinian boy.

 1  A  @  - ,  2   2

(
D

#  # 3 # :  $ #

   

B  .  E  

 /  

&

He government continued to believe that it should give a free hand to the

private sector in transport.

26
   - A -  

( (

9 9

   #   # 3   #

   

/ ) . /
 / 0

Her father kept her on tight rein with his narrow views.
 2 -
1 )

 

#  #  : 

 0 8    . 

People have designated that street as “Birch Street”.

27
  2  @ 2 2 - ,

<

 # # #

  

 . 0
/  / 0
 B  

' '

The constitution was suspended for a year.

! ? 2 ,  ,

<

( 1 +
D


# #  # 

    

/  B  

'

This practice has ceased since 1980.

 )  )  2  ) 2

= <

; " #   

 

/  


' '

Stand up, hold your tongue and don’t move.

  @ ?      4 

Stop! Give way!

<

I
J
#  #  

   5  

   *  

% '


  < 2   A 2 ? 2 E @ 

  #  #  # # #

 5 

 ) / .  /  8 . 

People come from the ends of the world with their different tongues and
faces.
3  @ 

The man stood in my way.

<

:  $ +

    

 B 

'

   < @ ! 

# 

   

  
   

'

The progress of the invasion force was impeded by the troops.

  @


> >

# ; #   # " 

6 / 6
6  / 0

' '

The scarcity in resources will preclude the development of economy.

 ,     


> <

  #   + " # +  +

 / B 

'  '

The man stood by his wife in hard times.

 0  -  2  2 - 2  %  0  2 - 2  

<

I
J
# " #  #  

         

/  . /  /  / /

' '

 

The whole matter is now dependant on (contingent on) the inspector’s

decision.
 ? 2 0 2 , 

I did not like his attitude toward the case.

1

  

 

'

 2  1     2  0 2  %

(
D

 #  # # # "  #  

   

.
 * " / .

'

We should take a firm position vis-à-vis the deteriorated situation in

security.
   2  0  2  @  

( (

I
J
 $   #   # # #
# 

  



/ ) /
.  0 

'

She did not lift a finger to help her friend.

,  - 



<

" #  3 #


    
  . 

'

The suspect was apprehended then charged with high treason.

@ 2  ,  3  1 ! , 

<  > >

(


  #  # :  $ # : 

8 8

5     

. 
     . B 8  
/

'

 ? 2  0 

# $  

 




The two disputing parties intend to (plan to) forge a fact-finding

committee on the recent bout of violence and how to prevent its
28
 recurrence.
, ?    0    2 - ? 2 ? 2  2

 <

( F

 #  #  # # #

     

B   *  .

/  *  

' '

What if water ceased from flowing from taps and traffic lights failed?
%    , -    ?

< >

# #  $  

    

 6  B ?
/ 

'

The play has/contains four scenes performed without pause.

- -
@  , 2 %

<

 # # $

5  

 6
 

& % '

He paused for a few seconds then continued his speech.

     )  %  2    -  !


= <

     C  # C  #

  H  

/ 

 6   *   

 ' ' '

%  2 

# #   #

/   

% '

Hoping to halt the growth of the Soviet influence and to improve

relations with Pakistan, the president removed the prime minister.
 2

He is in an unenviable situation.
<

   ;   " 

 



'

    4   A  2 3  2  


   $ C  # B

   

6  B 8  0 8   .  6

&

US president left for the Middle East in a three-leg tour.

0 2 - 

He talks loudly.
>  =

 


/

 0 2 - 

He talks softly.
>  =

" .
/

E ,  0   ?

#   " #    #    
K

 

   

%  

You will be my eyes and ears and will carry out my instructions.
  

I prefer altruism to egoism. 

 " # "





# $ 

29
 ‫

‬

‫

‬

‫

‬

‫‪
;

<75
6‬א‪89:‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

 
 0 , - ? 2   @   

  

         #  # # ; 

   

0 .    *

/  )

& & '

-   2  2 ,  -
 ,

 <

 #   # #

0  6 
 .   *
) / 

% 

The United States was cautious about prospects for

implementing a pledge by Israeli and Palestinian leaders to end three
weeks of bloody violence.
?  


As he flew home to Washington………



  : 

  

. *  6

&

     

  ,  -  ? 2 0

= <

 

9 9

   #  ;   # # 
# #

  

 6  0  /  .   
B  

 0    @ ,  2 


# # # :   " # $   > 

 

Barak and Arafat agreed to halt violence and set an inquiry into its causes
and explore a return to peace negotiations.
 0  1 2  2  , 2 @ , -
 ? 2

#  #   # # 6 # # #  B  "

       

/  . / 0 8 . 6 
 )

' &

@  %  0 %  

<

"  # # 

  

/  

Their desire to come back together and discuss the resumption of the
negotiation process suggests to me that they both want to see
negotiations resume.
1    , - )    2

$ # #

    

8   . 

There are some uncertainties there.

A 0  ! ?   3  2   2  3 0 

 = 

#   B #    $  6 #  # 

     


/

6   * .  *  

% %

#  #

/ 

A senior US official, briefing reporters in the summit, defended the

fact that no agreement was put into writing.

I think it is fair to say…..     

#

.


'

G







 #  ; #

.
" 

 /



 0  @ 2  , @ -   3  1 ! , 


<   >

  # # :  $  # : 

5 5  

 . 
  /  . B 8 

/

 ? 2

# $

 



The two disputing parties plan to set up a fact-finding committee on

(pertaining to) the recent bout of violence and how to prevent it
recurrence.

31
 ) , - !  <   ?  %   % , - 
 

>

"  # ; #  # $     C  

    


* 6 0 *    . * / .   B

&

1     2  @ 2    2 0  
- @
2

I
J
  $     # # 

           

0 
 8 /   0

After arriving home on Tuesday night, Clinton leaves on Wednesday

to Norfolk; to attend the memorial ceremonies for the victims of the
suspected bombing last week of the US destroyer Cole.
 2 - 3    -

(
D

 #  #  #

  5

0
 C

All diplomatic efforts were futile/were in vain.

It went unheeded.
   

( (

#  

4 G

    

 2   !    
 0
- 2  ,

 

 #          # + "

     
 0   .  ) 6


&

@   - ,  , < ! - %  0

#   # " #     

    

     6  * .   . 

 &

Fresh clashes erupted between Palestinians and Israeli forces Saturday on

a “day of rage” to mark the holding of an Arab summit in Cairo.
@  0

Stone-throwing children
(


# # : 

 @ - 2

They hurled stones and petrol bombs.

( F

   

# + # +  # #

  

'

    2   4   % - 

 !

# #          # # 

     5  

8  0      /  .  .

'

@ -  , @   - ,      2 , ? 2  0

; #  # # # #    

     

 6       0   
 

&

 2  

# #

.
) * * 6 .

“This is a message to the Arab summit and its leaders to never forget the
blood of our martyrs,” said 17-year Ahmad stooping down to pick up
another stone to hurl at the Israelis.
3

live bullets


3 2

rubber-coated bullets


: # #

&

 ,  - % %  0  

  # +  #      #  : ; #

 

 *  .  *

& '

Palestinian medics said that some of the injured were shot in the head.

32
 ,  ?  -  %  %   


< > =

( +

#   # #    

         

 . 
/
0 0  

 '

2  ,

"

 5

 

Israeli officials accused Arafat of deliberately fanning the recently-flared

violence.
%   
 -  ! -  , !  %  ? 2 

( 1

 + #  # $ #   #
# #  

        

/  B 0  *   /

% ' % '

  2  2    - , @  -
2
 0
 2 ? - , 

  ;  #  #  #     

    

.
 0  6  ) /  .  

& &

!    - ! 2   2     , , -

    #      #   

   

  / 0
B 0  /  C /
 

 % ' %

Arab leaders are expected to accuse Israel of war crimes, back Palestinian
demands for Arab and Muslim sovereignty over Jerusalem and make
future ties with Israel conditional on its behavior in the peace process.
  2 2 0 2  - ,   ,   %   ? 2 

D


# # #   #   #

         

 / 8     *  " / /

' % '

 0 2 ,  !   2 !  ? 2 0  ,

   #     " # + # #

   5 

.  ) /    / B 0 

& % '   '

?    @ !   2 

#   # :  " #

      

/  
" / 0

% '

The Arab summit is expected to take a joint stand against what Arabs see
as Israel’s failure to honor peace deals with Palestinians and what they
regard as its excessive use of force to quell the protests.
  , !  ? 2 @ 2   @ 
2   2 ,  , 

 # ( :    :

    5   

/ 6
. /
/   

' '

   @ ! 3 

# +     ;

 5   

)  
" / 0 0

The United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution late Friday

admonishing Israel for “excessive use of force” during clashes.
   2   3    !   

= > =

 

" # +  #  "  #  #    $

     

. 0     B 0 . / 0

Israel Saturday rejected the decision as one-sided. 

8

liaison office



#  $

 /


 2 2 A  %  

    # :      : # 

  

.
.  0 6 . 6 

& %

Israeli soldiers traded fire with Palestinian gunmen.

 @ -  %   ,   0    - - 

  >   #  : 

8 8

   

  /  6 B  
 

 ' '

      

The tank fired a shell……. The shell fell harmlessly into a field.

33
 % < 2  2 2 3

 ;

;  $  $ B #  + # 3

     

6   . 


Foreign funding of NGOs fuels anger in Jordan

% ? 2  0  2 2 3   @  2 2

;  # ; #  $ B #  + # 3 $

       

6 / .  B /   

-   2 - %    % 2  ? 2 ! 

 " # # $ #  #   ; >  +

      

. / 0 * 0
  0 B  

  @   - 

 

    +  B ; #

   

6   . ) 

The foreign financing of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is

raising a storm of protest in Jordan, where Islamists and leftists alike are
crying foul at what they see as new attempts t control the country.
3  1  1       - 

#  ;  # +  # 3 

        
0 6
 .  )

The controversy reached a new climax last week.

-     ,  2   2 
% 3 2 ,   

>

 

#  #  "   #   :  #

       

"  )  /  


% ' '




  2 

 $

“The donors have dubious ties with Zionism and the CIA,” Al-Armouti
said.
%  0

So and so dismissed the allegations

 D

# ; "

* 6


   

,  - -  0  ? 2  ? 2 % 

< >

(


   #  # " # # # # " ; #

    


  * .  * ) / * ) / / 

& ' % '

3  %     %  ) 3  2 

#   # # ; # # $    $ ; C 
K
8

   5     

)   6 B 
 

Negotiations were due to be completed by the end of the summer, a

promise made by president Clinton to King Abdullah II of Jordan during
their June meeting.
 2  2   % @
 %




        ;  # $ 

   

B 0 /  6
/ B )  6 6 /  /  0

% % &

 2

# #

 

.  B 8 

A better economy in Jordan will make it easier to sell normalization

with Israel to the public.
3  2      2 ? 2 ,  % %


>

 

+ # 3 # $ ;  # + # # $ # ; 
K

/ 0 0
6 / 8 6

'

Jordan is economically troubled and is hungry for foreign investment.

   3 % 3 % @ -

= >

F


I
J
 + 9    #   #  

  8  * * B  


He assured him that everything was on track.

34
  0  ? 2 % - 2 %  2

officials close to negotiations



 !

# # 6

    

  1    %     -
  2  0 2 2 

= 


;

 ;  " #  :  # 

     


 0  B 0 *  

' ' %

@     0  , - ? %  % @ -      %

+ #  #   ;  # #   ;

   

  



/  6

' '

“It has nothing to do with Jordan”, so and so told the Jerusalem Post,
adding that the atmosphere right now is not ripe for approval of another
trade deal.

,   0 , 3   )  @ - %    % %   %

#   # #  #  " # # $  " ; 6 ;

    


  .  8   .  6 

' % '

   2   %   - 3  

    $ ; #     $ # $ (  $

         

6  / 6  6  * B *

!  

But US and Jordanian officials say there is bipartisan support for an

agreement, which is primarily a thank-you gesture to Jordan for its
continuous support of US peace initiatives.
     ,    - 0   

+


 " ; + ;
# " # # $  " $

K
8 8

      

 6 * ) / ) / 
6

 

  "

"  6

&

A court in Jordan found Trivani guilty of violating Jordanian airspace

and exposing Jordanian aviation to danger.
 2 
 !    % 0

 
<

1


I
J
C  # C   + "  ; # $ " 3

     

 /  *   8 . 

'

 
' 

A ,  -  
% @ - 2 3 , ,


9 9

  #   # ; #  $  C 

8 8

  

   

 8 

& & & ' 

? 2 A ,      3   @ ? 2  2 %  % 

= >

 # #   "   

      

 /   *  6

@ 
2 0 - ,

;    # #

   

/ )    

A court ruling against an Italian pilot who flew to Iraq without

permission sets back efforts to free the country from UN sanctions, Iraq’s
parliament said Monday.
?  - 3
< %  @  3 , %   % - 

F
D

# $ # ;  +  " # #  #  

    

  *  6  /   

 ' '




   @ 2 0 

 " ; +  # " ; # # 
K

  

6 *  ) / . 0 
 

&

A parliament statement said Jordan must cancel the three-year sentence

handed down to Nicole Trivani for violating the Jordanian airspace.
- 
% 

F (

#  #  B  #  $ #
K

  




   

'

Trivani was sentenced in absentia.

35
 , @   % )  -   -    %  



 

; #  # "  # : " #  #  
K
8

   

 
  )  0

& %

2 % 3  2  0   ? A ,  0    - ,

# $   #  # # "

       

 0  /     
    ) /

%  , -  @     - 

 ;   # ;   # +

 5 


/  . 

Russia insisted that since the flight mission was humanitarian, the
flight die not violate the UN sanctions imposed on Iraq- an interpretation
the United States and other countries have disputed.
< - ?  % 3  2 - , % @ 
2 2 
 

F F

 

    #   #  ;

    

6
    / 0  
/ 8 

'

2 2  1 - 

# #  #

B 8 
 0


 &

UN resolutions say the sanctions are to remain in place until Baghdad

complies with demands to dismantle its weapons of mass destruction.
  ? 2 @ 0 , 2   2 A  ? 2     0 ?

 #  $ ; ;  " #   # ; $

    5 

 0 6 6   / 0

% '

The pact would give Jordanian goods duty-free access to US markets.

  2     ! %  0  ? 

>

 # ; "  # + # # #   # $ 

       

 6 /  0
6 6 6 / 
   

' '

3   %  @ 
)
  , 

+ # 3 # $ ; +  # ( # "

   

/ 0 6

  /

The pact could give the aid-reliant Jordanian economy a much-needed

boost by helping the country attract foreign investment.

 A ? 2  , 0  0 % %  2  %    

;  # "  #   # ;   $ 6 #

     

0   8 


/ 0  

% & ' '

3  2  @  ,       ? 2
   %

>

$ # ;  # #      6 ; 

     

6 / 
 *   * 

' '

US officials said a wide range of companies will benefit from the pact,
but played down the immediate impact on the US economy.

!  % 2 @    % 
- 3  
- 

+ F +

# ;   # ; # $  # #  

  

6
/  6 .  /  6 / 

( 1 1 1

Two-way trade between Jordan and the United States totalled US$ 287
million in 1999.
! 2 -   ! - !     

F 1

#    # +  # # $   "  $ $ 

          

  / 
/ 0

 6

@    , - 0   %  2     -   @ -

 :   ; # ; # $  #   #  #

5     

. 
/ 6 ) 0

% 

A military court on Monday sentenced six men to death for conspiring to

carry out terrorist attacks against American and Jewish tourists during
New Year’s celebration in Jordan.
36
  @  % ? 2
 0  ! 2  ,  - 

  #   $  # #   $  

   

8 
   6   / 0    

'