Conducerea si automatizarea instalațiilor energetice

An universitar 2015-2016
Nume si prenume studenti: Gidea Dorinel si Bunea Alin
Grupa 2411SA, Facultatea de Energetica

Smart data - concept

Operations of the power grid have become significantly more dependent on complex
computer- based, analytically intensive operating procedures. [1]
Grid modernization is a transformative phenomenon that is expanding: 1) the number
and variety of active participants and devices, 2) the types of energy sources, and 3) the
kinds of active business processes. the result is a significant increase in operational
complexity at many utilities—complexity that is not supported by current corporate
governance policies and business practices. [1]
This complexity is only handled well with the implementation of extensive computer-
based automation, which depends on multiple systems at multiple locations owned and
operated by multiple parties cooperating within defined business scenarios. [1]
Early History—Transmission Data Exchange
The initial CIM canonical model was created to allow energy management system
(ems)-to-ems import and export of network models and to avoid the proprietary data formats
that complicated data exchange between ems systems. However, it was discovered almost
immediately that this model could also be used to exchange power system data used in
network analysis such as power flows, topology processing, and state estimation. [2]
The Unique Data Challenges for the Electric Utility Industry
Electric utilities have a unique operating environment in that they must serve all
willing customers, they are among the most capital-intensive industries, and the product they
produce is consumed immediately. As assets that are deployed get “smarter,” there is a
greater amount of data that needs to be managed. Data from renewable generation, sensors,
smart meters, and load management—and the need to act on this data for internal and
external use—all contribute to the issue. [1]
The traditional philosophy of those who design and manage distribution systems has
been to maintain accept- able electrical conditions at the lowest possible cost for all
customers.
Conducerea si automatizarea instalațiilor energetice
An universitar 2015-2016
Nume si prenume studenti: Gidea Dorinel si Bunea Alin
Grupa 2411SA, Facultatea de Energetica

Fig. 1 - Examples of some grid data sources and the challenges posed

There is a tremendous amount of asset-related data available within the enterprise that
can feed into a strategic asset- management program. Some examples are:

✔SCADA historian;

✔ geospatial information system (GIS);

✔ intelligent electronic devices;

✔ wams with inspection and work order data;

✔ laboratory information management systems;

✔ databases that store results of diagnostic tests.

To get a complete picture of the asset and fleet condition, all this distributed data
needs to be gathered and analyzed. The CIM is the logical choice as the semantic model for
this task in particular, the IEC 61968-4 standard describing the CIM-based messages that
enable integration of disparate asset-related data for arms analytics.

Figure 2 - The relationships among key elements of an asset-management system. (Adapted from ISO 55002.)
Conducerea si automatizarea instalațiilor energetice
An universitar 2015-2016
Nume si prenume studenti: Gidea Dorinel si Bunea Alin
Grupa 2411SA, Facultatea de Energetica

CIM Evolution
The scope of the CIM canonical model has been expanding since its inception.
Originally, it was interoperability between applications, and that was expanded to
interoperability between systems. A further expansion included business processes and
energy markets within a utility and additional network analysis and distribution applications
exchanges. [2]
This has resulted in a reputation that the CIM is continuously changing, which is actually true
with respect to all extensions.

Fig. 3 – Profile relationships

Recent Additions—Distribution and Energy Market Data Exchange

While the base canonical CIM covers the needs for network analysis studies, the
utility industry wanted more, in particular, in the realm of distribution operations, where
busi- ness processes were less dependent on the network analysis model but needed to
support data exchanges with various enterprise systems. The canonical CIM started
growing beyond the network analysis view to support data exchanges across the distribution
domains including distribution operations (DMSS), outage management systems (OMSS),
geographical information systems (GISS), work management systems, customer
management systems, meter data management systems, and various distribution network
planning applications. [2]
The CIM for a Distribution Management System
Implementation of the CIM by distribution utilities is seeing greater adoption, and it
continues to mature. The architecture is comprised of four layers: databases, CIM data
management, applications, and data sources. [1]
Conducerea si automatizarea instalațiilor energetice
An universitar 2015-2016
Nume si prenume studenti: Gidea Dorinel si Bunea Alin
Grupa 2411SA, Facultatea de Energetica

There can be numerous data sources, such as real-time measurements received from
SCADA, a network model received from GIS, or energy meter readings received from
advanced metering infrastructure (AMI)/automatic meter reading. The data is stored in a data
warehouse and accessed by multiple utility applications through the CIM data layer. [1]
The software systems - namely the DMS, energy-management system (EMS), outage-
management system (OMS), distribution automation (DA), customer data management
(CDM), and AMI communicate with the CIM message payloads over the enterprise service
bus (ESB). The core DMS functions are listed in the Table 1. The DMS interacts with smart-
grid data and substation-level data at the lower end and sends relevant data to the EMS at the
higher end. Thus, the CIM helps in seamless integrations at all levels. [1]
Table 1.

IEC 61968 - DMS functions and subfunctions

Distribution Functions
Network operation (NO)
Records and asset management
Operational planning and
optimization
Maintenance and construction
Network extension planning
Customer support
Distribution Subfunctions
NO monitoring, network control, fault
management, operation feedback analysis,
operation statistics and reporting, network
calculations—real time, dispatcher trening
Substation and network inventory, geographical
inventory, asset investment planning
Network operation simulation, switch action
scheduling/operation work scheduling
Maintenance and inspection, construction,
design, work scheduling and dispatching, field
recording
Network calculations, construction
supervision, project definition
Customer service, trouble call management, point
of sale

The CIM for Compliance: Realizing Security and Reliability

Because the modern grid is highly interconnected due to the widespread application of
internet protocol (IP) communication and increasingly complex as a result of deregulation,
security and reliability are important and challenging in this setting. [1]
Due to the criticality of these issues, agencies such as the North American Electric
Reliability Corporation (NERC), the European Network of Transmission System
Operators, and the European Network and Information Security Agency have developed
regulatory requirements and best practice guidance.
An efficient and effective solution espoused by many forward-looking utilities
consists of the following elements:
✔ hardened, secure field devices that may be used in security-critical
environments such as electrical substations;
Conducerea si automatizarea instalațiilor energetice
An universitar 2015-2016
Nume si prenume studenti: Gidea Dorinel si Bunea Alin
Grupa 2411SA, Facultatea de Energetica

✔ integration with WAMS so that the tasks and resources are delivered to the field
force device automatically;
✔ GIS integration for test/compliance task visualization;
✔ test/compliance database integration so that the test results are automatically
uploaded to the database server. [2]

Using the CIM as a basis for all exchange payloads ensures that the exchange content is clearly
defined in a standard way.
As the industry became more deregulated, the base canonical CIM grew to support market
management systems as well as other external systems. [2]

Conclusions
Although data itself does not get smarter, utilities and other stakeholders of the electric
grid will be getting tremendously smarter about how data is generated, transformed, and
consumed.
The Cim has already extended far beyond its roots as a definitive standard for power
assets and is now being used for distribution, energy markets, dynamics, weather, and
integra- tion of utility applications. these updates reflect the value the CIM provides as a
semantic standard and the value that comes from not having to start from scratch each time a
new use case is explored but, instead, leverage the good work that has gone on before. So, as
we get smarter about the management of data, this is reflected in the CIM, and rather than
becoming stagnant, the CIM will stop changing only when the utility industry stops
innovating.

[1]. G. Gray, J. Simmins, G. Rajappan, G Ravikumar, and S.A. Khaparde. Making

Distribution Automation Work” – Smart Data Is Imperative for Growth,
january/february 2016.
[2]. Lars-Ola Osterlund, K. Hunter, K. Demaree, M. Goodrich, A. McMorran, B. Iverson and
T. Kostic, „Under the Hood – An Oberview of the Common Information Model Data
Exchanges”, january/february 2016;