PP-PI Master Recipe

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ameset.htm
Master Recipes (PP-PI-MD)
Purpose
You can use this component to describe an enterprise-specific process
in process industries without relating to a specific order .
Master recipes are mainly used for planning the manufacture of
products. However, you can also use them to describe the clean-out or
changeover of a production line.
Master recipes are used as a reference for process orders as well as
the basis for product costing.
The approval procedure for master recipes and the functions for
planning and documenting changes enable you to meet the most
important requirements of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP).
Implementation Notes
Install this component in process manufacturing companies if you want
to provide the planning of your manufacturing processes as master
data that does not relate to a specific order and can thus be used for
several purposes.
Integration
If you want to You must also install the
component
Plan material usage during the process Material Master (LO-MD-MM)
Plan how the resources are to be used during the Resources (PP-PI-MD-RSC)
process
Plan the external processing of steps in the process Purchasing (MM-PUR)
Plan quality inspections during production Quality Planning (QM-PT)
Provide data for process control Process Management (PP-PI-

If you want to You must also install the
component
PMA)
Prepare cost determination using the master recipe Controlling (CO)
Plan recipe changes, document them, or make them Engineering Change

subject to a specific approval procedure Management (LO-ECH)
Classify master recipes and define conditions for Classification System (CA-
resource selection in the process order CL)
The basic structure of the master recipe in the system is identical to
that of the following objects:
 Routings
 Inspection plans
 Maintenance task lists
 Standard networks
For this reason, it is grouped with these objects under the generic
term task list and marked as task list type 2 .
Features
The features of this component were defined in accordance with the
international standards of the European Batch Forum (EBF), the norms
working committee for measuring and control techniques in the
chemical industry (NAMUR) as well as in accordance with standard
S88 of the Instrument Society of America (ISA). In a master recipe, you
plan:
 The individual steps to be carried out in a process, that is, the
operations and its subdivisions, the phases
 The activities that are to be carried out in a phase and are
used as the basis for determining dates, capacity requirements, and
costs
 The process sequence by maintaining relationships between
phases
 The use and production of materials in the course of the
process
 The use of resources
 The quality inspections to be carried out during production
In addition, you use process instructions to provide information that is
collected during production and is required by process control to carry
out the process.
Master Recipe
Definition
The business object master recipe is the description of an enterprise-
specific process in process industries, that does not relate to a specific
order. The master recipe is used for the manufacture of products or for
rendering services.
Structure
A master recipe consists of a header and several operations , each of
which is carried out at a primary resource. An operation is subdivided
into phases.
A master recipe contains process control data that can be stored in the
following way:
 in the form of characteristic-based process instructions, which
you define in the operation overview for the phases.
See also: Characteristic-Based Process Instructions
 in the form of XSteps, that you maintain in the XStep editor
( XSteps).
See also: XSteps (Execution Steps)
A phase is an independent process step that contains the detailed
description of a part of the entire manufacturing process. Phases are
carried out at the primary resource of their superior operation.
The way phases are related to each other specifies the sequence of
the manufacturing process. Phase relationships can be sequential,
parallel, or overlapping.
Several materials required for the execution of a specific process step
can be planned for an operation or phase. These materials must be
components of the BOM for the material to be produced.
A phase contains standard values for activities. These values serve to
calculate dates, capacity requirements, and costs.
Several secondary resources can be planned for operations and
phases in addition to the primary resource.
Several inspection characteristics can be defined for each operation
and phase for inspections during production.
In addition, you can plan production resources/tools (PRT) for
operations and phases. You can assign one of these PRTs as test
equipment to each inspection characteristic.
Integration
Master recipes are assigned to a plant and are part of a plant-
independent recipe group.
In the recipe header, master recipes used for production are linked to
the materials to be produced. The production versions of the materials
also link them to the alternative BOM required for production.
Master recipes are used as the basis for process orders.
During order processing, the characteristic-based process instructions
or XSteps are transferred to the control recipe destination that requires
the information for process control.
Changing the Recipe Profile from

Within the Recipe
Use
You use this procedure in master recipes to change the recipe profile
you have selected on the initial screen for recipe maintenance.
Changes to the profile are valid:
 Within the current recipe group only
 Only until you exit the recipe group
Procedure
1. Choose Extras Profile.
2. A dialog box with general default values appears.
3. Enter the new values.
4. Choose QM data .
5. A dialog box with default values for Quality Management
appears.
6. Change these values if desired.
7. Choose .
The changes are now active for the recipe group you have selected.
Master Recipe Editing
Purpose
This section describes the main process you follow to create or change
a master recipe.
Editing a master recipe is a complex task in which process data for
various specialist areas is planned. Sometimes, this also involves
different departments. Therefore, this section only provides a rough
description of the process. For more detailed information on the
process steps, see the description of the corresponding individual
processes.
Prerequisites
For information on the prerequisites for the process steps to be carried
out, see the documentation of the individual processes.
Process Flow
1. You enter recipe editing and create the basic structure of your
master recipe. You enter the general header data and create the
operations and phases of the recipe.
2. If you want to use your own classification characteristics for
recipe selection, you classify the recipe header.
3. If you want to schedule the recipe, you create relationships that
determine how phases relate to each other in terms of time. In
addition, you edit the following detail data about the phases:
 For internally processed phases, you enter standard values
and, if required, user-defined fields with extra data that is not
included in the standard system.
 For externally processed phases, you enter the details of the
vendor (see general phase data).
1. You carry out the following steps in whichever order you like:
 You plan the materials to be used during production.
 You plan the resources to be used for internally processed
operations and phases.
1. If you intend to inspect the quality during production, you enter
the inspection specifications and, if necessary, the production
resources/tools you need as test equipment.
2. You enter the data that is relevant to process control.
3. You check whether the recipe data is consistent.
4. You schedule the recipe.
5. If necessary, you transfer the scheduling results to the material
master record of the material you want to produce. You can then
use this data to determine the basic order dates in material
requirements planning.
6. After you have completed recipe editing, you release the master
recipe for use in process orders and/or costing. You do so by setting
the appropriate recipe status in the general header data.
7. You save the master recipe.
Recipe Structure and Navigation
Use
The master recipe comprises a number of data, sometimes from different specialist
areas. To enable easy access to specific information, the data is grouped according to
subject areas and arranged at different levels depending on how detailed the data is.
Clear and uniform navigation routes between these levels enable you to easily access
any detail screen.
Features
The following graphic illustrates the navigation levels and navigation
routes for master recipes.
First Steps in Master Recipe Editing
Purpose
Editing a master recipe is a complex task in which process data for
various specialist areas is planned. Sometimes, this also involves
different departments. The process comprises, for example, the use of
materials and resources, the planning of dates and quality inspections,
as well as providing information for process control.
This section aims to introduce you to master recipe editing. It describes
the process you must follow to create or change the basic structure of
a master recipe. Having carried out these steps, you can complete the
data for the various specialist areas.
Prerequisites
The following data has been created in the system:
 The change master record for master recipes requiring a
history
 A released engineering change order for recipes requiring
approval
Caution
The master recipe does not support change master records or
engineering change orders with parameter effectivity.
 For recipes that you want to assign to a revision level, the
corresponding revision level for the material to be produced
 The master records of the resources, and the resource
network of the line used for production
Process Flow
1. Depending on the activity you want to carry out, you choose one
of the following functions:
 Create master recipe
 Create master recipe by copying
 Change master recipe
1. You enter the initial data for the new recipe or the recipe
selection. This includes:
 The recipe group whose recipes you want to edit and, if
required, the recipe number
 If required, the product for which you want to edit recipes
together with the corresponding production version
 The validity period for which you want to edit the recipe
Depending on the change procedure required, you proceed as follows
(see Engineering Change Management and Recipe Approval ):
Change Procedure You Edit the Recipe
Without history On the key date
With history With a change master record (change number)
With history for revision For the relevant revision level of the material to be
level produced
With approval With an engineering change order (change number)

1. You enter the general header data of the master recipe. You
specify, for instance:
 The planner responsible for recipe editing
 The change procedure to be used for future changes
 The recipe status (for example, Created )
1. You visually reproduce the individual process steps in your
master recipe as follows:
 You create an operation for each self-contained process step
that is entirely carried out at one resource
 You create phases below the operations for steps that are
relevant to planning and control.
When editing operations and phases, you specify, for example:
 For operations, the primary resource at which the operation
and its phases are carried out
 The control key that determines the business relevance of
operations and phases
 The control recipe destination for phases, that is, the process
control system or process operator responsible for carrying them out
Recipe Group
Definition
Grouping of master recipes according to user-defined criteria. Recipes
in recipe group do not have to belong to the same plant.
Use
When creating master recipes, you assign each recipe to a recipe
group. You combine recipes routings in a recipe group that describe,
for example:
 Similar production processes for different materials
 Different production processes for the same material (for
example, for different lot-size ranges)
Grouping helps you find recipes later.
Note
When you edit a recipe, the system loads all recipes belonging to the
same recipe group. For technical reasons, you are therefore advised to
combine only small numbers of recipes into one group.
If you do not want to group your master recipes you can let the system
assign a group key when you create a recipe. In this case, the system
creates a new recipe group for each new recipe.
Creating Master Recipes
Use
You use this procedure to create a completely new master recipe.
If a master recipe, routing, or inspection plan already exists in your
system with similar data, you can copy this data into the new recipe. In
this case, use procedure Creating Master Recipes by Copying .
Prerequisites
history
approval
Caution
The master recipe does not support change master records or
 The resource network of the production line at which you carry
out production
Procedure
1. In the SAP menu, choose Logistics Production - Process
Master Data Master Recipe s, Recipe and Material List
Create.
2. Enter data as required and choose .
3. The recipe header appears.
The operation overview appears.
1. Create the operations and phases for your master recipe.
2. Editing Operations/Phases on the Operation Overview
3. Save the master recipe.
Creating by Copying
Use
You can reduce the effort required to create a master recipe by
copying from a template if some of its data matches the data of the
new recipe. You can copy data from the following objects:
 Master recipes
 Routings
 Inspection plans
Prerequisites
The template you want to copy has been created in the system.
Caution
The master recipe only supports the date validity of engineering
change management (see Engineering Change Management and
Recipe Approval ). For this reason, you cannot use routings with
parameter effectivity as templates for master recipes.
Features
The template and the new recipe can belong to different plants. The
data is copied from the template to the master recipe being created.
However, be aware of the following exceptions and special features:
Data that is not Copied

The following data is not copied into the new recipe:
 Production versions and material quantity calculation of the
template
 Relationships to other recipes
Copying Material Data
Production versions and material quantity calculations are not copied.
Material component assignments defined for operations and phases in
the template are copied. To be able to use the material components in
the new recipe, however, you must first create the production versions
to assign the alternative BOMs of the template to the new recipe.
Copying from a Template in Another Plant

When copying between plants, plant-specific data is handled as
follows:
 In the case of the following objects, the reference to the
source plant is also kept in the new recipe:
o Header materials of the recipe
o Factory calendar of relationships
 All other data is copied to the new recipe with reference to the
target plant. Copying is terminated if the following objects do not
exist in the target plant:
o Control recipe destinations
o XSteps
o Characteristic-based process instructions
 If the resource network assigned to the recipe does not exist
in the target plant, the system issues an error message. You can
either delete the resource network or assign another resource
network from the target plant.
 If the primary resource assigned to an operation does not exist
in the target plant, the system copies the operation along with its
phases without the primary resource. The system issues an
information message.
 If a resource that is used as a secondary resource does not
exist in the target plant, the system copies the secondary resource
without the resource assignment. The system issues an information
message.
 The data on the detail screens of the recipe objects is
checked. You must change the data if an entry:
o Is not available in the target plant
o Does not match the resource data in the target plant
 The system does not check whether:
o The master inspection characteristics in the target
plant are identical to those used in the template
o The characteristics of the copied process instructions
have also been released for use in process instructions in the
target plant
Creating Master Recipes by Copying
Use
You can use this procedure to reduce the effort required to create a
master recipe by copying the data of an existing master recipe, routing,
or inspection plan.
If no suitable template to copy from exists in your system, use
procedure Creating Master Recipes instead.
Prerequisites
 The template you want to copy (master recipe, routing, or
inspection plan)
history
approval
Caution
The master recipe does not support the parameter effectivity of
engineering change management (see Engineering Change
Management and Recipe Approval ). For this reason, only use change
master records or engineering change orders with date validity when:
 Editing master recipes
 Editing task lists that you want to use as templates for master
recipes
Procedure
Master Data Master Recipe s, Recipe and Material List
Create.
2. Enter the data of the new recipe and choose .
3. Select the task list type of the template you want to copy and
choose .
4. Enter the data according to which you want the system to select
the template and choose .
5. A dialog box appears that contains all recipes/task lists matching
the selection criteria.
6. Double-click the template you want to use.
7. Except for production versions, material quantity calculations,
and relationships to other recipes, all the template data is copied to
the new recipe.
8. Add or, if necessary, change the header data copied from the
template and choose .
The system checks whether the recipe data is consistent (see Creating
by Copying ). If inconsistencies are found, the system reacts as follows
depending on how serious the error is:
 It terminates copying (for example, if a control recipe
destination does not exist in the plant of the new recipe).
 It prompts you to correct the data (for example, if the planner
group does not exist in the plant of the new recipe).
After the consistency check, the system takes you back to the recipe
header.
1. Choose Operations and change the copied operations and
phases or add new ones if necessary.
2. Editing Operations/Phases on the Operation Overview
Changing Master Recipes
Use
You use this procedure to change the data of individual master recipes.
If you want to replace objects in several or all of your master recipes, use the following
procedures instead:
Replacing Resources (Mass Changes)
Replacing Production Resources/Tools (Mass Changes)
Replacing Process Instruction Categories (Mass Changes)
Prerequisites
 The change master record for master recipes requiring a history
 A released engineering change order for recipes requiring approval
Caution
The master recipe does not support change master records or engineering change
orders with parameter effectivity.
 For changes that you want to assign to a revision level, the corresponding
revision level for the material to be produced
Procedure
1. In the SAP menu, choose Logistics Production - Process Master Data
Master Recipes,Recipe and Material List Change.
2. Enter selection criteria as required and choose .
Which screen appears next, depends on the selection result.
Data Selected: System Displays:
Exactly one recipe The operation overview of the recipe
Several recipes of the same recipe The Recipe Overview screen of this recipe

group group
Several recipes of the different recipe A dialog box for recipe selection
groups
3. Double-click the recipe you want to change.
4. How you proceed depends on the data you want to change or
create. For more information, see:
Header Data Maintenance
Operation and Phase Data Maintenance
Material Data Maintenance
Resource Data Maintenance
QM Data Maintenance
Maintaining Process Control Data in the Process Instruction
Overview
Editing Process Control Data Using XSteps
Header Data Editing
Purpose
This section describes how you edit data in the master recipe that is
valid for the entire recipe. It contains both general entries for recipe
editing as well as data for various specialist areas (for example,
material data and QM data).
The following process steps are also taken into account in all the other
processes for recipe editing that cover specific subject areas. Use this
process if you want to edit all header data at once, irrespective of the
subject area to which it belongs.
Prerequisites
The following data has been edited in the system:
 The resource network of the production line at which you carry
out the manufacturing process
 The master record of the material you want to produce
 The dynamic modification rule you want to use in inspections
during production for this recipe
 The classes you want to use to classify the master recipe
Process Flow
1. You edit the general header data of the master recipe. In doing
so, you specify, for example:
2. – The resource network and thus the production line at which
you carry out the manufacturing process
– The usage and status of the master recipe
– The charge quantity range for which the master recipe is valid
– The change procedure to be used for future changes
(see Engineering Change Management and Recipe Approval )
3. Depending on how you want to process your master recipe, you
edit the following additional header data:
4. – If the recipe is used for production, you assign the material you
want to produce to the recipe.
When manufacturing co-products, you choose this material as
follows depending on how production is initiated:
Production initiated by Material you assign to the recipe
Demand of a specific co-product The required co-product
Availability of input materials and capacities A process material
In material requirements planning, planned orders can only be

created automatically for the header material assigned here.
– By creating production versions for the header material, you
determine the alternative BOM and BOM usage to be used to
manufacture a material with this recipe.
You define a validity period and lot-size range for each production
version.
When manufacturing co-products, you can define an apportionment
structure in the production version and thus plan how the production
costs are distributed to the individual co-products.
– In the QM data for the recipe header, you determine whether
quality inspection during production is carried out with or without
inspection points, whether dynamic modification takes place, and at
which level.
Depending on the decision you make, you also define parameters
for inspection point processing and/or dynamic modification.
– You enter a long text with explanations and notes on the master
recipe.
– If you want to use your own classification characteristics to select
master recipes in recipe selection, you classify the recipe header.
Resource Network Assignment to

Recipes
Use
By assigning a resource network, you store the following information in
the recipe header:
 The production line that is used to carry out the master recipe
 The physical links that exist between the resources of the
production line, that is, the material flows that are allowed
You can display the assigned resource network from within the recipe
any time you like to get an overview of the resource sequence.
Prerequisites
The resource network of the production line that is used to carry out
the master recipe has been created in the system. It belongs to the
same plant as the master recipe.
Integration
When an order is created, the system copies the resource network to
the process order. The network is used to carry out the following
checks during order processing:
 A process order can only be released if its primary
resources are contained in the resource network.
 When you carry out system-aided resource selection, the
system only selects resources that are contained in the resource
network.
 When you dispatch an operation of your order in the capacity
planning table, the system checks whether:
 Its primary resources are contained in the resource network
 The preceding operation is assigned to a preceding resource
and the succeeding operation is assigned to a succeeding resource
of the resource network
Activities
 You create the resource network of a master recipe in
the Assignments group box in the recipe header.
 You choose in the recipe header to display the resource
network in the master recipe.
Material Assignments to Recipes
Use
You use this function in master recipes for manufacturing products to
determine which material is to be produced with the recipe.
This assignment enables you to use the master recipe for sales and
operations planning, material requirements planning, for order creation
as well as for product costing for this material.
Prerequisites
 The material master of the material you want to produce has
been created in the system.
 The material type that has been assigned to the material
master record is intended for assignment to recipes (see
Customizing for Master Recipes ).
 The unit of measure of the recipe charge quantity has been
defined as the base unit of measure or alternative unit of measure in
the material master record.
Features
In master recipes, you assign the material you want to produce at
header level.
You can use material-recipe assignment to visually reproduce the
following scenarios (see graphic below):
 A recipe can be used to produce several materials (for
example, red and green paint).
 The material and the recipe can belong to different plants, that
is, the planning plant (from the materials management point of view)
must not be the same as the production plant.
 Different recipes can be used to produce a material. The
recipes can be assigned to different plants.
Co-Products: Special Features
When manufacturing co-products , that is, when you produce several
materials in one process, you must decide on a header material. Which
material you choose, depends on how production is usually initiated.
The following scenarios are possible:
Production Initiated by Material you Assign to the Recipe

During material requirements planning, planned orders are
automatically created for the material assigned in the recipe header.
To convert other co-product requirements, you must create a process
order manually.
Activities
You can assign the material you want to produce in a master recipe in
one of the following ways:
 Enter the material directly on the initial screen when you
create the recipe (see Creating Master Recipes ).
 Choose Material assignments in the recipe header and
enter data as required.
Production Version
Definition
A production version determines which alternative BOM is used
together with which task list/master recipe to produce a material or
create a master production schedule.
For one material, you can have several production versions for various
validity periods and lot-size ranges.
Use
Production versions are used both in discrete manufacturing and
process manufacturing.
Production versions are used in Sales and Operations Planning (SOP),
material requirements planning (MRP), process order creation, and
product costing to select the most suitable task list or recipe and the
corresponding material list.
Note
You can also select a recipe and BOM without a production version.
Note, however, that if you do so, material quantity calculation data is
not copied.
Integration
 After you have created a production version, the material
components of the relevant alternative BOM are available in the
recipe as a material list or can be created from within the recipe.
Only now can you enter material data specific to a recipe, such as
the component assignment to operations and phases and the
formulas for material quantity calculation .
 In the production version, you can assign a storage location to
the material you want to produce, thus specifying that the material is
stored there after production. If you use the storage location of a
storage resource , the storage capacity can be taken into account
for capacity requirements planning in external planning tools and the
Process Flow Scheduler (PFS) (see Intermediate Material Storage ).
Structure
A production version comprises the following data:
 Details on the material you want to produce, for example, the
material number and storage location where the material is to be
stored
 General data about the production version
This includes:
 Key, lot-size range, and validity period of the production
version
 Information on whether the production version is locked
 The date of the latest consistency check
 The assignment of task lists/master recipes to the production
version
The system distinguishes the following planning levels:
 Detailed planning
This assignment determines which master recipe is used for material
requirements planning (MRP), product costing, and process order
creation.
 Rate-based planning
This assignment determines which task list is used in repetitive
manufacturing. In process industries, this is hardly ever used.
 Rough-cut planning
This assignment determines which rough-cut planning profile is used
for Sales and Operations Planning (SOP).
If you want to create capacity requirements records during rough-cut
planning, you can assign a master recipe instead of a rough-cut
planning profile.
A check status is assigned for each planning level. It contains the
result of the latest consistency check of the production version.
 The assignment of the alternative BOM to the production
version
A check status is assigned for the assignment. It contains the result of
the latest consistency check of the production version.
 The change number that was last used to change the
production version as well as further administrative data
When you create process orders that require approval, the system
uses the change number to check whether the production version has
been approved.
When manufacturing co-products, you can create a production version
not only for the header material of the recipe and BOM but also for the
co-products contained in the BOM as BOM items. Depending on the
material for which you create the production version, its structure has
the following special features:
 Production version for header material
You can assign an apportionment structure of the header material in
the BOM data. This structure is copied as a default value to the
settlement rule of the process order.
 Production versions for BOM items
Production versions for BOM items refer to the header material’s
production version to be used for the manufacture of the co-product.
Be aware of the following:
 The key of the production version for the BOM item must be
identical to that of the corresponding production version of the
header material.
 Instead of the BOM, recipe, and apportionment structure, it
contains the number of the header material to whose production
version it refers (O ther header mat. field).
Editing Production Versions in the

Recipe
Use
You use this procedure to edit production versions for the header
materials of the master recipe in the master recipe itself . You can:
 Create only one production version for each material-recipe
combination in a validity period
 Change, lock, delete, or check the consistency of all existing
production versions for a recipe
See also:
 Creating Production Versions in the Material Master Record
 Editing Production Versions in Individual or Mass Processing
You can also use this function to:
 Create several production versions for a material-recipe
combination
 Create production versions for co-products that are not used
as the header material of the recipe but as BOM items
In the standard system, however, you cannot edit production versions
for recipes whose change rule specifies that an approval procedure
must be followed in the material master record.
Prerequisites
The material whose production version you want to edit has been
assigned to the master recipe as the header material (see Material
Assignments to Recipes ).
Procedure
1. Choose Material assignments in the recipe header.
2. Double-click the material assignment for which you want to edit a
production version.
Depending on whether production versions already exist for the
assignment, the system takes you:
 Directly to the screen for production version editing
 To a selection screen that lists all existing production versions
1. On the selection screen, choose the production version you want
to edit.
2. Depending on the function you want to carry out, proceed as
follows:
Function Procedure
Create production Enter the relevant data for the production version.
version The current recipe is specified as the detailed plan and cannot be
overwritten.
Change production Change the attributes of the production version to suit your
version requirements (for example, its validity period).
Once the production version has been created, you can no longer
change the production version key or its BOM assignment.
Check production Choose Check .

version The check results are saved together with the recipe.
Lock production In the Production version group box, choose the corresponding

version entry in the Lock field.
Display The administrative data is displayed at the bottom of the screen.

administrative data Scroll down if necessary.
Delete production Choose .

version
Note
You can also edit a production version from within the corresponding
material list ( Materials tab page in the recipe). Choose in the
material list to do so.
QM Data Editing in the Recipe Header
Use
If quality inspection accompanies a manufacturing process, the master
recipe takes over the role of an inspection plan.
You determine the basic data for the inspection in the QM data of the
recipe header (that is, in the data for quality management).
Prerequisites
The application component Quality Management ( QM) has been
installed in your system.
The following data has been created there:
 The inspection data in the material master record of the
material you want to produce
 If you want to modify the inspection scope dynamically
 The dynamic modification criteria of the task list origin (see
Customizing for Quality Management )
 The dynamic modification rule
Features
Using Inspection Points
In your master recipe, you plan inspections during production with
reference to the operation or phase during which the inspection is to be
carried out. If an inspection is to be repeated at a certain interval
during the operation or phase, you can use inspection points to add
more detail.
Inspection points for inspections during production are freely defined
reference objects for entering inspection results below the operation or
phase level. They summarize the results of a certain interval within an
operation or phase. The interval can be defined as referring to time (for
instance, 2 hours), a quantity (for instance, 5 containers) or any
chosen event.
In the QM data for the recipe header, you determine:
 Whether you want to use inspection points
 Which field combination you use for identifying inspection
points (for instance, container and shift )
 Whether you want to combine product quantities assigned to
the inspection points in partial lots and batches
See also:
SAP Library QM - Quality Management , section Quality
Management in the Logistical Processes QM in Production
Dynamic Modification of the Inspection Scope
You can use dynamic modification to adjust the inspection scope to the
expected quality level:
You use a dynamic modification rule to lay down the conditions under
which inspections are tightened or reduced. The system uses this rule
to evaluate the number and results of the last inspections. From the
inspection severity determined in this way, it lays down the inspection
scope for the individual characteristics using a sampling procedure or
further dynamic modification criteria.
 Whether the inspection scope is modified dynamically
 Whether this is done at the inspection lot level or at the
inspection characteristic level, that is, with different dynamic
modification rules for individual characteristics
 Which dynamic modification rule is used
If you work at the characteristic level, this value only serves as a
default for the characteristic dynamic modification rule.
 If you work at the inspection lot level, which additional
dynamic modification criteria are used for sample determination, for
example, vendor or manufacturer
You always assign the sampling procedure to the characteristic.
See also:
SAP Library QM Quality Management , section Basic Data
External Numbering in Results Recording
For results recording, you determine the following in the recipe header:
 Whether an inspector can or must assign an external number
 Whether an external number has to be unique
Activities
To edit QM data for the recipe header, you choose Quality
management in the recipe header.
Editing Long Texts for Master Recipes

1. Choose in the recipe header.
The text editor appears.
1. Enter text as required.
2. Save your text.
3. Go back to the recipe overview.
Master Recipe Classification
Use
Using the classification system , you can group recipes according to
your own requirements. This also provides you with additional criteria
for finding recipes.
Prerequisites
You have installed the application component Classification
System ( CA-CL) .
Classes of class type 018, task list class that can be used for recipe
classification have been defined there.
Characteristics to describe the typical recipe attributes have been
assigned to the classes.
Caution
Recipe Approval ). For this reason, do not use classes and
characteristics with parameter effectivity when classifying objects in
master recipes.
Features
You classify master recipes by assigning similar recipes to the same
task list class. You assign recipe-specific values to the characteristics
of this class.
When you call master recipes, you can then use a matchcode to
search for recipes by entering their class or its characteristics. This
matchcode helps you find, for example:
 All the recipes in a class
 All the recipes in a class that have particular characteristic
values
Classifying Master Recipes
Prerequisites
System ( CA-CL) .
Classes of class type 018, task list class that can be used for recipe
classification have been defined there. Characteristics to describe the
typical recipe attributes have been assigned to the classes.
Caution
Recipe Approval ). For this reason, do not use classes and
characteristics with parameter effectivity when classifying objects in
master recipes.
Procedure
1. Choose Classification in the recipe header.
2. Enter the class of class type 018, task list class to which you
want to assign the recipe and choose .
3. A list containing the class characteristics appears.
4. Assign recipe-specific values to the class characteristics.
5. Save the recipe.
Editing Recipe Header Data
Prerequisites
Different prerequisites must be met depending on the header data you
want to edit. For more information, see:
 Resource Network Assignment to Recipes
 Material Assignment to Recipes
 Editing Production Versions in the Recipe
 QM Data Editing in the Recipe Header
 Classifying Master Recipes
Procedure
1. Go to the Recipe header tab page in your master recipe.
2. Enter data as required.
3. Depending on the header data you want to edit, initiate one of
the following steps:
 Assign materials to recipe
Choose Material assignments in the recipe header and enter data
as required.
 Edit QM data for recipe header
Choose Quality management in the recipe header and enter data as
required.
 Edit long text for master recipe
 Classify master recipe
Operation and Phase Data Editing
Purpose
This section describes how you plan the individual steps needed in a
process while editing a master recipe. It takes into account both
general data about the process steps and data that is required in
subsequent planning (for instance, resource selection or scheduling).
The following process steps are also taken into account in all the other
processes for recipe editing that describe the first editing steps to be
carried out or cover different subject areas. Use this description if you
want to edit all operation and phase data at once, irrespective of the
subject area to which it belongs.
Prerequisites
 The general data of the master recipe header
 The master records of the resources that are used to carry out
the operations and phases
Note
If you work with the Process Flow Scheduler (PFS), only use resources
with one capacity category. The PFS only takes one capacity category
per resource into account. If you require further capacities, you can
assign secondary resources to the phases of a master recipe.
 If you want to use system-aided resource selection, resource
classes describing resource attributes that are relevant to selection
 The control recipe destinations that are responsible for
carrying out the phases (see Customizing for Process
Management )
 The purchasing master data of the corresponding vendor for
externally processed phases
Process Flow
1. You visually reproduce the individual process steps in your
master recipe as follows:
 You create an operation for self-contained process steps that
are entirely carried out with the same resource.
 You create phases below the operations for steps that are
relevant to planning and control.
You need to determine the following, for example:
 For operations, the primary resource that is used to carry out
the operation and its phases
If you cannot determine the primary resource to be used until shortly
before order processing, you assign a suitable planning resource to the
operations provisionally.
If operations are externally processed, you must only assign a
resource to them if the control key assigned to the phases specifies
that they are scheduled using their standard values.
 The control key that determines the business relevance of
operations and phases
 The control recipe destination for phases, that is, the process
control system or process operator responsible for carrying them out
1. If the primary resource you have assigned is a planning
resource, you define a selection condition for the operation. This is
then used for system-aided resource selection.
2. To be able to schedule the recipe, plan capacities, and carry out
costing, you enter the following detail data about the phases of the
master recipe:
 Relationships that determine how phases relate to each other
in terms of time
 For internally processed phases, standard values and, if
necessary, user-defined fields with extra data that is not included in
the standard system
 For externally processed phases, the data of the vendor who
receives the order
If the control key assigned to the phase specifies that it is scheduled
using standard values, you also enter standard values for the phase.
1. If the primary resource has a capacity and a processing unit with
labor capacity assigned to it, you can specify the number of
employees required in the general phase data.
Using the POI interface, you can transfer this information to external
planning tools. The planning table of repetitive manufacturing uses this
information to determine the maximum and minimum number of
employees required for a planning period.
1. If you use the application component Payroll Accounting
(PY) and work with incentive wages, you can enter a wage type in
the general phase data. The wage type is used as a default for time
ticket confirmations and time tickets.
2. If the quality is to be checked for a process step, you specify the
following in the QM data for the operation or phase:
 The recording view that is called up first when you record
inspection results
 The inspection interval between the inspection points
 Whether the last partial lot in the process is assigned during
results recording for the operation (optional)
1. You enter a long text with explanations and notes for the
operation or phase.
Operation
Definition
Independent process step that is entirely executed using one resource.
Use
You use operations to plan the general production process and to
determine the parts of the production line you want to use. To plan the
process in more detail, you define phases. In scheduling, capacity
requirements planning, and costing, the system cumulates the phase
data in the operations.
Structure
An operation comprises several phases . They describe independent
process steps of the operation and are used to plan the process in
more detail.
Depending on your requirements, the operations of a master recipe
contain the following planning data for order processing:
 A control key that determines how the operation is treated in
order processing, for example, whether it is taken into account in the
shop floor papers
 The primary resource that is used to carry out the operation
and the subordinate phases
 A selection condition for resource selection in the process
order
 Standard values , that is, planned values for the activities to
be performed in the operation
 User-defined fields with any customer-defined data
 Inspection specifications for the quality inspection to be
carried out for the operation
Integration
You can assign the following objects to an operation:
 Material components that must be staged for an operation
 Secondary resources that are required to carry out an
operation
 Inspection characteristics that are checked in quality
inspection during production for the operation
 Production resources/tools that are required for quality
inspection during production
Caution
As detailed planning in the master recipe is carried out at the phase
level, however, you normally do not assign these objects to the
operation but to its phases.
Primary Resource Assignment to

Operations
Use
You use this function to determine the resource or the part of the
production line that is used to carry out an operation and the
subordinate phases.
As phases are subdivisions of an operation, the system automatically
copies the primary resource of the operation to its phases. The primary
resource is committed for the entire duration of the operation and its
phases.
Integration
The following resource data can influence the way operations and
phases are processed:
 The standard value key with rules for maintenance that
determine which standard values you can or must edit for the
operation or phase
 Formulas that you can use to calculate the dates and costs of
the phases in scheduling, capacity requirements planning, and
costing
 Default values that help you to edit certain operation and
phase data
If labor capacity has been assigned to the primary resource, you can
enter the number of employees required for the phase in the general
phase data. The system uses this number for the following evaluations:
 The planning table of repetitive manufacturing uses this
 Using the POI interface, you can transfer the required number
of employees to external planning tools.
Prerequisites
The master record of the resource you want to use as the primary
resource has been created in the system. The resource meets the
following requirements:
 It belongs to the same plant as the master recipe.
 It has been released for master recipes in its task list usage
(see Customizing for Master Recipes).
Note
 If you have assigned a resource network in the recipe header,
the resource must also be contained in the resource network
(see Resource Network Assignment to Recipes).
 If you work with the Process Flow Scheduler (PFS), only use
resources with one capacity category. The PFS only takes one
capacity category per resource into account. If you require further
capacities, you can assign secondary resources to the phases of a
master recipe.
Key Features
You can only assign one primary resource to an operation. When
assigning resources, bear the following aspects in mind:
 How is the operation processed?
 When is the resource selected?
If you can make a definite decision in the master recipe, you
immediately assign the resource you want to use for production.
If several resources can be used, you can assign a planning
resource to be used provisionally in which you group together the
characteristic features of several production resources.
Before releasing the order, you replace the planning resource with a
suitable production resource. You can use system-aided resource
selection for this, provided that you define the relevant criteria in the
master recipe and resource.
 Which resource category and capacity category is
required?
If an operation is purely used for production, you select a processing
unit or labor resource as the primary resource.
If you also want to place the material into intermediate storage during
an operation, you use a storage resource as the primary resource.
The storage capacity and stocks can be passed on to the Process
Flow Scheduler (PFS) or several other planning tools via the POI
interface (Production Optimization Interface). In this way, they can be
taken into account in capacity requirements planning in the
corresponding planning tool (see Intermediate Material Storage in
Storage Resources).
Special Features for Resource Replacement
If you replace a resource that you have already assigned somewhere
with a different resource, note the following:
 The content of the standard values is specified by the
standard value key of the new resource. In addition, the rules for
maintenance defined in the new resource become valid.
However, standard values you have defined for the old resource are
not deleted. For this reason, check all standard values after replacing a
resource.
 When you replace a resource in the master recipe, default
values and activity types are only copied from the new resource
when they have been marked as references in the resource.
 The units of measurement of the standard values are not
copied.
Activities
You enter the primary resource for an operation on the operation
overview (see Editing Operations/Phases on the Operation Overview).
Planning Resource
Definition
Resource whose task list type specifies that it may only be used until a
process order is released.
Use
If several resources can be used as the primary resource of an
operation, you can allocate a planning resource to be used
provisionally until you select the production resource you actually want
to use.
You can use the planning resource for all required business operations
in planning, for instance, scheduling, capacity requirements planning,
and costing.
Phase
Definition
An independent subdivision of an operation. The primary resource you
allocated to the superior operation is automatically transferred to the
phase.
Use
You create phases below operations to obtain a more detailed
description of the process steps. They serve as the main planning
object of a master recipe.
The system uses the phase data to determine the dates, capacity
requirements, and process costs. During order processing, you also
confirm the actual activities performed for the phases.
Structure
Depending on your requirements, the phases of a master recipe
contain the following planning data for order processing:
 A control key that specifies, for example:
o – Whether the respective step is processed internally
or whether a vendor will receive an order for external processing
o – Whether the system is to determine dates, capacity
requirements, and costs for a process step
o – Whether a confirmation must or can be sent during
order processing
 The control recipe destination , that is, the process control
system or line operator responsible for carrying out the phase
 Standard values , that is, planned values for the activities to
be performed in the phase
 Relationships that specify how phases relate to each other in
terms of time
 A wage type for settling incentive wages
 External processing data that is used as a basis for
ordering, scheduling, and costing externally processed phases
 User-defined fields with any customer-defined data
 Inspection specifications for the quality inspection to be
carried out for the operation
Integration
You can allocate the following objects to a phase:
 The material components that must be staged for a phase
 The secondary resources that are required to carry out a
phase
 The inspection characteristics that are checked for this
phase in quality inspection during production
 Production resources/tools that are required for quality
inspection during production
 XSteps or characteristic-based process instructions that
were transferred to the process control during order creation.
Control Key
Definition
A user-defined key that determines how an operation, phase, or
secondary resource is handled in order processing and in product
costing.
Use
You define control keys in Customizing for Master Recipes or Process
Orders .
Whenever you create an operation, phase, or secondary resource in
the master recipe or process order, you assign a control key to it.
Structure
The table below describes which settings are included in a control key,
and whether these settings are relevant for operations, phases, or
secondary resources.
For more detailed information on the individual settings in the recipe or
order, call up the input help ( F4 ) for the control key and then in
the Detailed information section choose field help ( F1 ) for the relevant
indicator.
Control key: Objects affected by control key settings
Settings for Operation Phase Secondary resource
Scheduling X X
Capacity requirements planning X X
Costing X X
Automatic goods receipt X
Inspection characteristics X X
Confirmation printing X X
Time ticket printing X X
Printing (general) X X X
External processing X X
Confirmation X X
Allocation of Control Recipe

Destination to Phase
Use
You use this function to determine the control recipe destination , that
is, the process control system or the line operator to whom the process
instructions are transferred to be carried out. When processing the
order, you can generate one control recipe with the process
instructions for all phases, for each control recipe of a process order.
You then assign the control recipe destination to the phases of the
master recipe, by maintaining the process control data in the process
instruction overview. This section describes the assignment of a
control recipe destination to a phase.
If you maintain process control data using XSteps, you have to assign
the control recipe destinations in the XStep editor. For more
information, see XStep .
Integration
The following information that affects the way control recipes are
further processed is defined in control recipe destinations:
 Details on the process instructions that are automatically
generated when the control recipe is created
 In destinations for PI sheets, data on:
o The number of phases that are displayed at the same
time
o Whether a password or a digital signatureis required
when a signature is executed
Prerequisites
Control recipe destinations for the line operators and process control
systems responsible have been created in Customizing for Process
Management .
Features
The assignment of control recipe destinations to phases is
independent of the subdivision of operations into phases. This means
that each phase of an operation can be assigned a different
destination, if this makes sense from the point of view of process
control.
Example
Discharging one vessel and charging the next one are phases that
belong to different operations. However, they are assigned to the same
control recipe destination because they are interdependent and should
be controlled by the same system or operator (see the graphic below).
Activities
You maintain the control recipe destination when maintaining phases
in the operation overview.
For further information see: Editing Operations/Phases on the
Operation Overview
Editing of External Processing Data
Use
You can use external processing to have individual process steps, that
is operations or phases, carried out by a different company.
In the master recipe, you enter the basic data you need for awarding
and processing external processing contracts in the phase or
secondary resource. When you create a process order, the system
uses this data to automatically create a purchase requisition for the
corresponding process step.
Prerequisites
You have installed the application component Purchasing ( MM-PUR) .
The relevant purchasing master data have been created in this
component (see the SAP Library MM- Purchasing, Master Records
from the Purchasing View ).
Features
You visually reproduce an externally processed step as follows:
 As an externally processed phase if the required activity is
entirely performed by the vendor
 As an externally processed secondary resource if at the
same time capacities are committed in your plant
Example
In a process, an inspection is to be carried out by an external
laboratory after operation 2000 is completed. You take a sample and
give it to the external lab. The material stays in vessel V1 (also used to
carry out operation 2000 ) until the inspection has been completed.
To visually reproduce the external inspection in your recipe, you add
phase 2099 at the end of operation 2000 . Vessel V1 is the primary
resource and is committed for the entire phase duration. You enter the
service to be carried out by the lab by creating a secondary resource
for this phase.
Specifications in the Master Recipe
You use the control key to determine that a phase or secondary
resource is processed externally. You also determine in the control key
whether externally processed phases are scheduled on the basis of
their standard values or the planned delivery time (see Phase
Scheduling ).
Note
To schedule a phase on the basis of its standard values, you must
assign a primary resource with an appropriate standard value key to
the superior operation.
In addition, you enter the following phase and secondary resource data
that is required for the purchase requisition.
 Whether the work is to be done in subcontracting , that is,
whether you are going to supply the vendor with components
In subcontracting phases, the assigned material components are
automatically provided in the purchase order.
You can, however, remove individual components from the list of
components to be provided. To do so, set the Material provision
indicator correspondingly in the BOM item.
In subcontracting secondary resources, you must enter the material
components to be provided to the vendor in the purchase order
yourself.
 Data on the vendor
If known, you can enter the purchasing info record of a particular
vendor with the responsible purchasing organization. You require a
purchasing info record that does not have a material master record and
is intended for procurement types Normal or Subcontracting.
The vendor name and all relevant data are then copied from the
purchasing info record.
Otherwise, you enter the sort string, material group, and the planned
delivery time.
Purchasing will then use this data to pick a vendor when the purchase
order is created.
 The cost element
You need this information to settle externally processed phases and
secondary resources that have been marked as relevant for costing in
their control keys.
Ordering During Order Processing
When you create a process order, the external processing data of the
phases and secondary resources is copied to the order. You can still
change this data in the process order.
When you save the order, the system automatically creates a purchase
requisition for the externally processed phases and secondary
resources. This is then processed in purchasing.
For more information, see External Processing .
Activities
 You enter the control key when you edit phases or secondary
resources on the overview screen.
Editing Operations/Phases on the Operation Overview
Assigning Secondary Resources to Operations/Phases
 You enter the remaining external processing data on the detail
screens for phases and secondary resources on the General
data tab page.
You can access the detail data from the operation or secondary
resource overview by double-clicking the corresponding phase or
secondary resource.
Standard Value Editing
Use
You use this function to enter planned values for the activities to be
performed in an operation, phase, or secondary resource, for example,
the required processing time or energy.
You can refer to the standard values for the corresponding process
step in resource formulas . Thus, the standard values are the basis for
scheduling, capacity requirements planning, and costing.
Prerequisites
The following data is contained in the master record of the resource
that is assigned to the operation, phase, or secondary resource:
 A standard value key that determines which standard values
you can enter
 A rule for maintenance for every standard value, which
determines if you must, should, or can enter a value
 Default values for the units of measurement for the standard
values as well as the necessary activity types (if required)
Features
Depending on the standard value key, you can edit up to six different
standard values for an operation, phase, or secondary resource.
You enter the standard values with reference to the base quantity of
the material you want to produce. For process steps that are relevant
to costing you also determine an activity type.
Processing Standard Values
Operations, phases, and secondary resources have different business
functions. For this reason, the processing of their standard values
differs as follows:
 For phases and secondary resources , the standard values
are important for planning. The system uses standard values for the
following functions:
 Scheduling of internally processed phases and, if the relevant
settings have been made, externally processed phases (see Phase
Scheduling ).
 Determining capacity requirements and costs for phases and
secondary resources
When you create a phase or secondary resource, the system therefore
checks whether you have to enter standard values for it. If this is
required by the rules of maintenance for the resource, a message is
displayed.
 For operations , the standard values of subordinate phases
are cumulated in the operation during scheduling, capacity
requirements planning, and costing. Their standard values have no
function and are used for information purposes only.
For operations, the system therefore does not check:
 Whether you comply with the rules for maintenance of the
resource
 Whether the standard values of the operations correspond to
those of the subordinate phases
Caution
If you replace the resource of a process step with a new resource, the
standard value key of the new resource is then valid. Standard values
that you have already entered are not deleted, but can take on a new
meaning. For this reason, check all standard values after replacing a
resource.
Activities
You enter the standard values in the detail data for operations, phases,
and secondary resources on the Standard values tab page.
secondary resource.
User Fields Editing
Use
You use this function to assign data fields to an operation, phase, or
secondary resource. You define the usage and meaning of these data
fields yourself. You can enter company-specific information or values
for formula parameters that are not included in the standard system.
Prerequisites
A field key has been defined in Customizing for Master Recipes , in
which the required combination of user fields is stored.
Features
By assigning a field key to an operation, phase, or secondary resource,
you specify:
 Which user fields are available in the particular object (see
below)
 Which field names or key words are used for these fields
You can then enter data in these user fields. Note that the system does
not check your entries.
Types of User Fields
Depending on the field key, up to twelve data fields with various field
formats are available. These include:
 Up to four general fields for any text
You can use them to store information about people responsible,
substitutes or telephone numbers, for example.
If the field description or keyword Downtime has been assigned to a
text field in the field key, you can use input help and input validation for
downtime elements. You can use this field to assign a downtime
element to a phase. In this way, the system can directly access the
relevant phases when determining downtimes, such as Set up or Tear
down (see Downtime ).
 Up to two quantity fields
You can assign additional formula parameters to the quantity fields in
the field key. These formula parameters enable you to use the values
of the quantity fields in the formulas of the resource to calculate
processing times, capacity requirements, and costs.
In the master recipe and process order, there is also a field for the unit
of each quantity field. Default values and their units that you have
edited in Customizing for Formula Parameters are transferred, but you
can change this data.
Caution
If you have entered data in the quantity fields and then change the field
key, the old values remain unchanged.
 Up to two value fields
of each value field.
 Up to two date fields
Here, you can enter internal start dates, for instance.
 Up to two checkboxes
You can use these to indicate whether an operation is to be included in
evaluations in the information system, for instance.
Activities
and secondary resources on the User fields tab page.
secondary resource.
Editing Operations/Phases on the

Operation Overview
Use
On the operation overview, you can enter the most important operation
and phase data in a table.
The table below provides an overview of the functions you can carry
out.
Note
You can also edit operations and phases together with the phase
relationships in the operation graphic. For more information,
see Editing Operations/Phases in the Graphic Mode .
Prerequisites
To carry out the functions listed below, you must go to the operation
overview of your recipe ( Operations tab page).
From the recipe overview, you can access the operation overview by
double-clicking the corresponding recipe.
Functions
Function Procedure
Create and change an operation/phase Editing Operations/Phases
Assign a phase to a different operation Assigning Phases to Different Operations
Delete an operation/phase Deleting Operations/Phases
Find an operation/phase Finding Operations/Phases
Editing Operations/Phases
Prerequisites
Management )
 The resources that are used to carry out the operations and
phases
 Any standard texts that you want to copy to the long text of
operations and phases (see Editing Standard Texts )
Procedure
1. Go to the operation overview ( Operations tab page) of your
master recipe.
2. From the recipe overview, you can access the operation
overview by double-clicking the corresponding recipe.
3. Enter operation and phase data on the operation overview.
The following table tells you:
 Which fields are important for operations and which are used
for phases
 For which fields a default value may have been defined
Field For For Phases Default Value
Operations from
Operation/phase number X X Recipe profile
Phase indicator X
Superior operation X
Destination ( control recipe X Recipe profile or

destination ) resource
Resource ( primary resource ) X Taken from

operation
Control key X X
Standard text key X X Resource
Description X X
You can change the default values in the recipe, provided that they
have not been marked as references in the resource.
If required, you can also change the recipe profile in the recipe
(see Changing Recipe Profiles in Recipes ).
1. Choose .
If you must enter standard values for an operation or phase, the
system automatically takes you to the Standard values tab page .
Enter the standard values as required.
1. If you want to enter further detail data, double-click the relevant
operation or phase on the operation overview.
2. Choose the General data , Standard values , or User fields tab
page and enter data as required. For more information, see:
 Editing of External Processing Data ( General data tab page)
 Standard Value Editing
 User Fields Editing
Caution
If you have replaces the resource of an operation in step 2, do not
forget to check all standard values of the operation and its phases.
Assigning Phases to Different

Operations
1. On the operation overview, select the phase that you want to
assign to a different operation.
2. Choose .
A dialog box appears. It contains the number of the operation to which
the phase is currently assigned.
1. Enter the number of the operation to which you want to assign
the phase and choose .
The phase is assigned to the new operation.
Deleting Operations/Phases
1. On the operation overview, select the operation or phase you
want to delete.
2. Choose and confirm.
The system deletes the selected operation or phase. When deleting an
operation, the system also deletes all subordinate phases.
Finding Operations/Phases
1. On the operation overview, scroll to the position from where you
want to find operations or phases.
2. The system always starts searching at the first operation or
phase on the screen.
However, you can also search forwards and backwards.
3. Choose .
4. A dialog box appears where you can enter search criteria.
5. Enter search criteria as required and specify whether you want to
search forwards or backwards.
6. Choose .
7. The system scrolls to the first operation or phase that matches
the selection criteria.
8. Choose to display the next entry that matches the criteria.
Editing Standard Texts
Use
You use this procedure to enter standard process descriptions that you
can use for several orders or recipes.
You can use this texts as templates for long texts of operations,
phases, and secondary resources.
Procedure
Master Data Master Recipes Environment Standard Text .
3. Choose the required processing type:
o to create a new standard text
o to change an existing standard text
The long text editor appears.
4. Enter text as desired.
5. Save the standard text.
Editing Operations/Phases in the
Graphic Mode
Use
The operation graphic contains the operations and phases in their
sequence in time together with the relationships created between
them. Apart from relationships, you can also edit operations and
phases.
The following table provides an overview of the functions you can carry
out.
Functions
Function Procedure
Create an operation/phase Creating Operations/Phases in the Graphic Mode
Copy an operation/phase Copying Operations/Phases in the Graphic Mode
Change an operation/phase Changing Operations/Phases in the Graphic Mode
Delete an operation/phase Deleting Operations/Phases in the Graphic Mode
Creating Operations/Phases in the

Graphic Mode
Prerequisites
Management )
 The resources that are used to carry out the operations and
phases
operations and phases (see Editing Standard Texts )
Procedure
1. Choose on the operation overview.
2. Choose Edit Object Insert operation .
The following symbols are available in the section for the objects to be
inserted:
 For operations: rectangle
 For phases: rectangle with round edges and the P indicator
1. Click the required symbol.
2. Click in the display area to position the object.
Note
If you click on an existing phase when you insert a new one, the
system at the same time creates a relationship between the new and
the existing phase. The relationship type is determined by the settings
made under Settings Defaults Insert nodes .
The Insert Operation/Phase dialog box appears.
1. Edit the operation or phase data in the dialog box.
The following table tells you:
 Which fields are important for operations and which are used
for phases
 For which fields a default value may have been defined
Field For For Phases Default Value from
Operations
OpAc (operation number) X X Recipe profile
Ph (phase) X
SOp. (superior operation) X
CRD ( control recipe X Recipe profile or

destination ) resource
Resource ( primary X Taken from

resource ) operation
CtrK ( control key ) X X
StTextK (standard text key) X X Resource
Description X X
1. Choose .
The system inserts the operation or phase in the display area.
If you must enter standard values for an operation or phase, the
system automatically takes you to the Standard values tab page .
If required, enter the standard values and choose .
Note
If necessary, you can change the layout of the operation graphic. For
more information, see Adjusting the Operation Graphic and Changing
Settings in the Operation Graphic Layout .
1. If you want to enter further detail data, double-click the relevant
operation or phase in the graphic.
Copying Operations/Phases in the

Graphic Mode
2. Place the cursor on the operation or phase you want to copy.
3. Choose Edit Object Copy operation .
The new operation or phase is inserted.
When you copy a phase, the system also creates a relationship
between the new and the existing phase. The relationship type is
determined by the settings made under Settings Defaults Insert
nodes .
Note
1. If you edit the copied data, double-click the relevant operation or
phase in the graphic.
 Control Key (General Data Tab Page)
 Primary Resource Assignment to Operations ( Standard
values tab page)
Changing Operations/Phases in the

Graphic Mode
2. Double-click the operation or phase you want to change.
3. The detail data of the operation or phase appears.
 Control Key (General Data Tab Page)
 Primary Resource Assignment to Operations ( Standard
values tab page)
Caution
If you have replaced the resource of an operation or phase in this step,
do not forget to check the standard values.
1. Choose to go back to the operation graphic.
Note
Deleting Operations/Phases in the

Graphic Mode
1. On the operation graphic, position the cursor on the operation or
phase you want to delete.
2. Choose and then to confirm your command.
The operation or phase is deleted.
Note
System-Aided Resource Selection
Use
operation, you often cannot decide which resource you will actually use
until shortly before production.
This function helps you make this decision as the system preselects
suitable resources in the process order.
You maintain the criteria the system uses for this selection in the
resource and master recipe. When you release an order, the system
also uses these criteria to check whether you may use a resource.
Prerequisites
System ( CA-CL) .
Classes for alternative resources you can use have been created
there. These classes meet the following requirements:
 They belong to class type 019 work center class .
 The class characteristics describe the resource characteristics
that are relevant to selection.
Caution
Recipe Approval ). For this reason, do not use classes or characteristic
with parameter effectivity.
If you want to use system-aided resource selection for operations,
assign a planning resource to these operations in the master recipe
(see Assigning Primary Resources to Operations ).
Features
When selecting resources, the system takes the following criteria into
account:
 Whether the resource is contained in the resource network of
the order
You define the resource network during recipe editing in the recipe
header (see Resource Network Assignment to Recipes ).
 User-defined resource characteristics
You define them in the resource and in the operation of the recipe
using the classification system (see below).
Resource selection using the classification system
For resource selection, you can use your own classes of class
type 019 work center class . Using these classes, you specify the
following in the master data:
 Resource:
You assign similar resources to the same class. You assign the
individual resource attributes to the class characteristics.
Example
You have defined the class charging vessel along with the class
characteristics volume and stirring speed. You assign the resource
master records of all available charging vessels to this class. In doing
so, you enter the volume and stirring speed for each resource.
 Master recipe:
You enter resource selection conditions for the operations of your
master recipes. In these conditions, you:
 Assign the operations to the same class as the resources that
are used to carry out the operations
 Assign the resource attributes that the primary resource of the
operation must have to the class characteristics
Example
A mixture is to be created in operation 0010 of your master recipe. You
enter a resource selection condition for this operation. In this condition,
you assign the class charging vessel to the operation and determine
the vessel volume required for the charge mixture as well as the
stirring speed.
When you start resource selection in the process order , the system
determines the resources that meet all operation requirements (see
graphic below). Only these resources can be used when an order is
released.
Resource selection in the process order
Activities
Editing Resource Selection Conditions
Prerequisites
System ( CA-CL) .
Caution
Procedure
1. On the operation overview, select the operation for which you
want to edit the resource selection condition.
2. Choose .
3. Enter the class of class type 019 (work center class) that is used
to classify the resources to select from and choose .
4. A list containing the class characteristics assigned to the
resource class appears.
5. Assign the resource characteristics required to carry out an
operation as values to the class characteristics.
Relationship Editing
Use
You can use relationships to determine how phases relate to each
other in terms of time in a master recipe or process order.
In addition, you can define relationships across different recipes to link
recipes that are usually carried out together (for example, a cleanout
recipe and a production recipe for the same production line).
Integration
 Relationships are the basis for phase scheduling in the recipe
and process order (see Phase Scheduling ).
 When you create a process order for a recipe with
relationships to another recipe, the system asks you whether you
want to create a relationship to an existing order of the other recipe.
It displays a list of all existing orders from which you can choose the
one you need.
 Orders that are linked by relationships are treated as a unit in
scheduling. This means that the system schedules an order starting
from the dates of the other order.
Prerequisites
 The operations and phases of the master recipe
 The factory calendar to be used to schedule offsets between
the relationships, if required
If you want to maintain relationships between the phases of different
recipes, you must use a change number when you enter recipe editing.
This change number must comply with the change rule of both recipes.
Features
Phases can be executed in sequential or parallel order or can be
overlapping. In the system, you can represent the various relationships
as far as time is concerned as follows:
 By using different types of relationship (see below)
 By defining an offset for the relationships (see below)
You can define several relationships for each phase of a master
recipe. However, note the following restrictions:
 Make sure that the relationships do not contain loops, that is,
that they do not lead back to a preceding phase.
 You can only define relationships across recipes between
recipes of different recipe groups.
Note
Recipes that are linked by relationships mutually lock each other,
that is, they cannot be edited at the same time.
Types of Relationship
Relationships link the start or end of a preceding phase with the start
or end of a succeeding phase. The relationship type specifies how the
phase dates are linked with each other:
 FS relationship
Relationship from the end of a phase to the start of the next phase
 SS relationship
Relationship from the start of a phase to the start of the next phase
 FF relationship
Relationship from the end of a phase to the end of the next phase
 SF relationship
Relationship from the start of a phase to the end of the next phase
SF relationships are rarely used in practice. You can override an SF

relationship by representing the phase sequence with FS
relationships.
Offsets
By defining offsets for a relationship, you determine how much time
lies between the dates of phases linked to each other. You can define
offsets as follows:
 As a positive value, if the reference date (start or end) of the
successor phase is after that of the preceding phase
Example
An FS relationship has been maintained between phase Charge and
phase Reaction . The time interval is One hour . This means that
phase Reaction starts one hour after charging has been completed.
 As a negative value, if the reference date (start or end) of the
successor phase is before that of the preceding phase
Example
An FS relationship has been defined between phase Charge and
phase Heat. The offset specified is Minus 10 minutes . This means
that phase Heat starts 10 minutes before charging has been
completed.
You can define a factory calendar in the relationship for scheduling
offsets.
Activities
Generating Relationships
Editing Relationships in the Graphic Mode
Editing Relationships in the Operation Overview
Generating Relationships
Use
You can use this procedure to generate relationships between several
or all phases in your master recipe in one step. This reduces the time
involved in creating relationships.
However, note the following restrictions:
 You can only generate relationships of the same type (such as
SS relationship or FS relationship) in one generation run.
 The phases are connected according to the sequence of their
phase numbers.
You must then manually edit deviating relationships and offsets for
overlapping phases, if required.
Prerequisites
 The phases for which you want to edit relationships have been
created in the system (see Editing Operations/Phases or Creating
Operations/Phases in the Operation Graphic ).
 The phase numbers have been assigned in the sequence in
which you want to connect the phases.
Procedure
1. If you only want to generate relationships for some phases in
your recipe, select the relevant phases in the operation overview.
2. Choose .
3. A dialog box appears on which you can specify further
generation parameters, such as the type of relationships.
5. The system generates the relationships.
6. If required, complete or correct the data of the generated
relationships manually.
Editing Relationships in the Operation Graphic
Editing Relationships on the Relationship Overview
Editing Relationships in the Operation

Graphic
Use
The operation graphic provides a clear overview of all operations and
phases in a recipe. The relationships are shown as graphic links. If
relationships to phases of another recipe have been defined for a
recipe, the graphic shows both recipes.
In the operation graphic, you can edit relationships between all phases
contained in the graphic. The following table provides an overview of
the functions you can carry out.
See also:
 Generating Relationships
 Editing Relationships on the Relationship Overview
Prerequisites
The phases for which you want to edit relationships have been created
in the system (see Editing Operations/Phases or Creating
Operations/Phases in the Graphic Mode ).
recipes, you must use a change number when you enter recipe editing.
This change number must comply with the change rule of both recipes.
Functions
Function Procedure
Create relationships Creating Relationships in the Operation Graphic
Check relationships for loops Checking If Relationships Contain Loops
Delete relationships Deleting Relationships in the Operation Graphic
Set up the operation graphic layout Setting up the Operation Graphic Layout
Adjust the operation graphic Adjusting the Operation Graphic
Creating Relationships in the Operation

Graphic
Prerequisites
The phases of the master recipe have been created in the system
(see Editing Operations/Phases or Creating Operations/Phases in the
Graphic Mode ).
Note
The operation graphic only shows several recipes if they have been
linked by relationships. In most cases, you therefore create
relationships across recipes on the relationship overview of the
corresponding phase ( Editing Relationships on the Relationship
Overview ).
Procedure
Note
Depending on the settings made in the graphic profile, the graphic
comprises the Display, Navigation, and/or Entry sections. To carry out
the steps described below, you need the display area. If necessary,
change the graphic layout (see Setting Up the Operation Graphic
Layout ).
1. Choose in the graphic.
2. In the display area, click the predecessor phase, hold the left
mouse button and drag the cursor to the successor phase. Release
the mouse button.
Note that you must either click the left or the right side of the phase
symbol depending on the type of relationship you want to create (see
graphic).
Note
An arrow is used to display the relationships you have created either
as time-dependent or as FS relationship. If necessary, change the
graphic layout (see Setting up the Operation Graphic Layout ).
1. In the display area, click on the background.
2. The function for creating relationships is switched off.
3. Double-click the relationship you have created.
4. The relationship detail screen appears.
Checking If Relationships Contain

Loops
1. On the operation overview, choose .
2. Choose Edit Functions Loop analysis Proceed .
3. The system checks whether the relationships you have
maintained contain loops.
4. Select the relationship that caused the loop.
5. Choose and confirm your command.
6. The relationship is deleted.
7. Choose Edit Functions Loop analysis Reset.
The loop marking is reset.
Deleting Relationships in the Operation

Graphic
1. On the operation overview, choose .
2. Select the relationship you want to delete.
The relationship is deleted.
Setting Up the Operation Graphic

Layout
Use
This procedure provides an overview of some of the main functions
you can use to change the operation graphic layout. For more
information on further settings, see the SAP Library BC - SAP
Graphics, User Guide under SAP Network Graphics .
Functions
Setting the Partitions in the Graphic Window
If you want to Choose
Change partitions in the Display, Settings View Change partitioning , select

Navigation and Entry areas in the desired layout, and choose Apply
thegraphic
Change the sequence in which the Settings View Change sequence , select
areasare displayed in the graphic the desired sequence, and choose Apply
Change the settings to one area Settings View and the desired display type in
or the standard setting the first section of the pull-down menu
Changing the Layout Size
Change the size of the Settings View and the desired entry in the third
entire display area section of the pull-down menu
Change the size of Operation or Phase , choose the size you want to
operations or phases use, and choose .
Changing the Relationship Alignment
Change from a horizontal alignment of the Settings Alignment and the

relationships to a vertical alignment oror vice desired alignment
versa
Changing the Relationship Display
Change the relationship display (time- Settings Change view Relationship

dependent or as FS relationship) display and the desired display type
Adjusting the Operation Graphic

1. Choose in the graphic
2. Choose to confirm the command.
The system organizes the phases and relationships in linear fashion
with equal distances between each phase or relationship.
Editing Relationships on the
Relationship Overview
Use
On the relationship overview, relationships of a phase are listed in a
table. Here, you can edit all relationships for this phase. This also
includes relationships to phases of recipes in other recipe groups. The
following table provides an overview of the functions you can carry out.
See also:
 Generating Relationships
 Editing Relationships in the Operation Graphic
Prerequisites
recipes, you must use a change number that complies with the change
rules of both recipes when you enter recipe maintenance.
Functions
Function Procedure
Create and change relationships Editing Relationships
Delete relationships Deleting Relationships
Editing Relationships
Prerequisites
Procedure
1. On the operation overview, select the phase for which you want
to edit relationships and choose .
Caution
Depending on the relationship view that has been activated in the
recipe profile, the system displays relationships for predecessors
and/or successors of the selected phase. If required, change the
relationship view as follows:
 In the recipe profile for all phases in the recipe (see Changing
Recipe Profiles in Recipes )
 On the relationship overview for the phase you have selected
by selecting the Predecessor and/or Successor indicator
1. Create the relationships for the phase you have selected.
Note
You can only edit the relationships intended for the relevant
relationship view.
1. Select the relationships and double-click the first one.
2. The relationship detail screen appears.
3. Enter the detail data for the relationship.
4. Choose and repeat step 5 for all relationships.
Deleting Relationships on the

Relationship Overview
Prerequisites
Procedure
1. On the operation overview, select the phase for which you want
to delete a relationship and choose .
2. Select the relationship.
The relationship is deleted.
Editing Long Texts for

Operations/Phases
1. On the operation overview, select the operation or phase whose
long text you want to edit.
2. Choose .
3. The text editor appears.
5. Save the text.
Material Data Maintenance
Purpose
This section describes how you plan the usage and production of
materials while maintaining a master recipe. The description applies to
all manufacturing processes in which one primary product and
sometimes one or more by-products are manufactured.
This section does not deal with the special features that apply to the
manufacture of co-products. For information on co-products,
see Material Data Maintenance for Co-Products .
Prerequisites
 The master records of all materials involved in the process
Process Flow
1. In master recipes for manufacturing products, you allocate the
material you want to produce at recipe header level.
2. By creating production versions for the header material, you
determine the alternative BOM to be used for production with this
recipe.
version.
3. You maintain the alternative BOMs that you have allocated to
your recipe in the production versions.
You determine the material components and quantities that are
required for production.
4. You allocate the material components of your alternative BOMs
to the operations and phases of the recipe that require them for
production.
Depending on the item category of the component you have
allocated, you enter further specifications on how the component is
to be processed (for example, backflushing of stock items).
5. You define the formulas the system uses to calculate material,
operation, and phase quantities.
Depending on whether you have activated the SAP enhancement
for material quantity calculation in Customizing, you define the
formulas in the system or in an external application.
Depending on where the results are valid, you save them as follows:
If calculated quantities are valid You
For all alternative BOM usages Copy the results to the BOM.
For the current production version only Only save the formulas.
Material Data Maintenance for Co-

Products
Purpose
This section describes how you plan the usage and production of
materials if you manufacture co-products. It mainly deals with the
special requirements of a manufacturing process in which several
materials are manufactured and debited with part of the overall
production costs.
If you only produce one primary product and sometimes one or more
by-products in your manufacturing process, use process
variant Material Data Maintenance instead.
Prerequisites
 The master records of all materials involved in the process
Process Flow
1. Depending on how production is initiated, you allocate the
following material to the master recipe header:
2. Note
3. In material requirements planning, planned orders can only be
created automatically for the header material allocated here.
4. By creating production versions for the header material, you
determine the alternative BOM to be used for production with this
recipe.
version.
If required, you define an apportionment structure in the production
version, which is used as the basis for order settlement.
5. If necessary, you define additional production versions for co-
products that have not been allocated to the recipe at header level.
In these production versions, you refer to the header material’s
production version to be used to manufacture the co-product.
6. You maintain the alternative BOMs that you have allocated to
your recipe in the production versions.
You determine the material components and quantities that are
required for production.
You define co-products that have not been allocated to the recipe at
header level as BOM components with a negative quantity.
7. You allocate the material components of your alternative BOMs
to the operations and phases of the recipe that require them for
production.
Depending on the item category of the component you have
allocated, you enter further specifications on how the component is
to be processed (for example, backflushing of stock items).
8. You check and, if necessary, correct the apportionment
structures that have been maintained for the header material and
are used to distribute production cost to the individual co-products.
9. You define the formulas the system uses to calculate material,
operation, and phase quantities.
Depending on whether you have activated the SAP enhancement
for material quantity calculation in Customizing, you define the
formulas in the system or in an external application.
Depending on where the results are valid, you save them as follows:
If calculated quantities are valid You
For all alternative BOM usages Copy the results to the BOM.
For the current production version only Only save the formulas.
Material Assignments to Recipes
Use
You use this function in master recipes for manufacturing products to
determine which material is to be produced with the recipe.
This assignment enables you to use the master recipe for sales and
operations planning, material requirements planning, for order creation
as well as for product costing for this material.
Prerequisites
 The material master of the material you want to produce has
been created in the system.
 The material type that has been assigned to the material
master record is intended for assignment to recipes (see
Customizing for Master Recipes ).
 The unit of measure of the recipe charge quantity has been
defined as the base unit of measure or alternative unit of measure in
the material master record.
Features
In master recipes, you assign the material you want to produce at
header level.
You can use material-recipe assignment to visually reproduce the
following scenarios (see graphic below):
 A recipe can be used to produce several materials (for
example, red and green paint).
 The material and the recipe can belong to different plants, that
is, the planning plant (from the materials management point of view)
must not be the same as the production plant.
 Different recipes can be used to produce a material. The
recipes can be assigned to different plants.

When manufacturing co-products , that is, when you produce several
materials in one process, you must decide on a header material. Which
material you choose, depends on how production is usually initiated.
The following scenarios are possible:

During material requirements planning, planned orders are
automatically created for the material assigned in the recipe header.
To convert other co-product requirements, you must create a process
order manually.
Activities
You can assign the material you want to produce in a master recipe in
one of the following ways:
 Enter the material directly on the initial screen when you
create the recipe (see Creating Master Recipes ).
 Choose Material assignments in the recipe header and
enter data as required.
Production Version
Definition
A production version determines which alternative BOM is used
together with which task list/master recipe to produce a material or
create a master production schedule.
For one material, you can have several production versions for various
validity periods and lot-size ranges.
Use
Production versions are used both in discrete manufacturing and
process manufacturing.
Production versions are used in Sales and Operations Planning (SOP),
material requirements planning (MRP), process order creation, and
product costing to select the most suitable task list or recipe and the
corresponding material list.
Note
You can also select a recipe and BOM without a production version.
Note, however, that if you do so, material quantity calculation data is
not copied.
Integration
 After you have created a production version, the material
components of the relevant alternative BOM are available in the
recipe as a material list or can be created from within the recipe.
Only now can you enter material data specific to a recipe, such as
the component assignment to operations and phases and the
formulas for material quantity calculation .
 In the production version, you can assign a storage location to
the material you want to produce, thus specifying that the material is
stored there after production. If you use the storage location of a
storage resource , the storage capacity can be taken into account
for capacity requirements planning in external planning tools and the
Process Flow Scheduler (PFS) (see Intermediate Material Storage ).
Structure
A production version comprises the following data:
 Details on the material you want to produce, for example, the
material number and storage location where the material is to be
stored
 General data about the production version
This includes:
 Key, lot-size range, and validity period of the production
version
 Information on whether the production version is locked
 The date of the latest consistency check
 The assignment of task lists/master recipes to the production
version
The system distinguishes the following planning levels:
 Detailed planning
This assignment determines which master recipe is used for material
requirements planning (MRP), product costing, and process order
creation.
 Rate-based planning
This assignment determines which task list is used in repetitive
manufacturing. In process industries, this is hardly ever used.
 Rough-cut planning
This assignment determines which rough-cut planning profile is used
for Sales and Operations Planning (SOP).
If you want to create capacity requirements records during rough-cut
planning, you can assign a master recipe instead of a rough-cut
planning profile.
A check status is assigned for each planning level. It contains the
result of the latest consistency check of the production version.
 The assignment of the alternative BOM to the production
version
A check status is assigned for the assignment. It contains the result of
the latest consistency check of the production version.
 The change number that was last used to change the
production version as well as further administrative data
When you create process orders that require approval, the system
uses the change number to check whether the production version has
been approved.
When manufacturing co-products, you can create a production version
not only for the header material of the recipe and BOM but also for the
co-products contained in the BOM as BOM items. Depending on the
material for which you create the production version, its structure has
the following special features:
 Production version for header material
You can assign an apportionment structure of the header material in
the BOM data. This structure is copied as a default value to the
settlement rule of the process order.
 Production versions for BOM items
Production versions for BOM items refer to the header material’s
production version to be used for the manufacture of the co-product.
Be aware of the following:
 The key of the production version for the BOM item must be
identical to that of the corresponding production version of the
header material.
 Instead of the BOM, recipe, and apportionment structure, it
contains the number of the header material to whose production
version it refers (O ther header mat. field).
Editing Production Versions in the
Recipe
Use
You use this procedure to edit production versions for the header
materials of the master recipe in the master recipe itself . You can:
 Create only one production version for each material-recipe
combination in a validity period
 Change, lock, delete, or check the consistency of all existing
production versions for a recipe
See also:
You can also use this function to:
 Create several production versions for a material-recipe
combination
 Create production versions for co-products that are not used
as the header material of the recipe but as BOM items
In the standard system, however, you cannot edit production versions
for recipes whose change rule specifies that an approval procedure
must be followed in the material master record.
Prerequisites
The material whose production version you want to edit has been
assigned to the master recipe as the header material (see Material
Assignments to Recipes ).
Procedure
1. Choose Material assignments in the recipe header.
2. Double-click the material assignment for which you want to edit a
production version.
Depending on whether production versions already exist for the
assignment, the system takes you:
 Directly to the screen for production version editing
 To a selection screen that lists all existing production versions
1. On the selection screen, choose the production version you want
to edit.
follows:
Function Procedure
Create production Enter the relevant data for the production version.
version The current recipe is specified as the detailed plan and cannot be
overwritten.
Change production Change the attributes of the production version to suit your
version requirements (for example, its validity period).
Once the production version has been created, you can no longer
change the production version key or its BOM assignment.
Check production Choose Check .

version The check results are saved together with the recipe.
Lock production In the Production version group box, choose the corresponding

version entry in the Lock field.
Display The administrative data is displayed at the bottom of the screen.

administrative data Scroll down if necessary.
Delete production Choose .

version
Note
You can also edit a production version from within the corresponding
material list ( Materials tab page in the recipe). Choose in the
material list to do so.
Engineering Change Management and

Production Version Approval
Use
In the process industries, requirements for the documentation and
checking of production processes vary widely depending on the branch
of industry and the product. For this reason, you can use a change rule
to restrict the editing of the production-related master data of
production version, master recipe, and bill of material (BOM) in the
master recipe (see Engineering Change Management and Recipe
Approval).
 With a change master record, that is, with detailed planning
and documentation
 With an engineering change order, this means with an
approval procedure as is laid down, for example, in the GMP
guidelines for the pharmaceutical industry
You can define your own change types to set up a recipe-specific
approval procedure.
By defining this change rule, you determine the requirements for
creating and releasing process orders requiring approval when you
define you master data (see Creating Process Orders Requiring
Approval).
The change procedure you use must be just as rigid as the change
rule.
Integration
To use engineering change management and change procedures, you
must install application component Engineering Change Management
(LO-ECH).
Depending on the change rule or the change procedure you want to
use, you must create the following data there:
 A change master record for the object types Task list/master
recipe and Bill of material
 An engineering change request with object management
records for the task lists or master recipes and the BOM of the
production version
The change type assigned to the object management records must be
identical to that assigned to the change rule in the master recipe.
If you use engineering change orders, you also carry out the approval
procedure based on the status management of engineering change
management. For you to be able to use an engineering change order
to edit a production version, the engineering change order must have
status To be edited. For the system to be able to approve the
production version, it must then be assigned status Released.
 Change numbers are used to identify both change master
records and engineering change orders in the system.
 Production versions do not support change master records or
Key Features
You must comply with the change rule of a master recipe when editing
a production version in the following cases:
 When you assign the master recipe to the production version
 When you want to change a production version to which you
have already assigned the recipe
Unlike recipe editing with a change master record or engineering
change order, you do not create a new change status for the
production version. You only assign the change number to it. This
change number is used to document or approve changes. If required,
you must adjust the validity period of the production version manually.
A production version is considered approved when the following
requirements are met:
 The master recipe assigned to the production version has a
change rule that requires an engineering change order with or
without a change type.
 The production version has been assigned a change number
that complies with this change rule.
 The relevant engineering change order has been released,
this means, you can no longer use it for changes.
If you want to change the production version again or withdraw the
approval, you must assign a new, unreleased engineering change
order to it.
Activities
You assign a change number to the production version as follows:
 In the worklist for production version editing by carrying out
the corresponding function (see Editing Production Versions)
 In the master recipe when you use a change number to start
recipe editing and then edit the production version (First Steps in
Master Recipe Editing)
In the material master record, you cannot use change numbers to edit
production versions. In the standard system, you can therefore not edit
production versions whose change rule requires an engineering
change order in the material master record.
Consistency Checks for Production

Versions
Use
You use this function to check whether the data of a production version
is consistent with the data of the assigned task lists/master recipes and
the assigned alternative BOM. In this way, you make sure that a valid
task list or valid BOM really exists for the entire validity period of the
production version.
Features
The consistency check determines a check status for the objects
assigned (task list/recipe or BOM). All change statuses within the
validity period of the production version are taken into account.
Warning and error messages about inconsistencies are displayed in
the check result. The check status for each object is displayed as an
icon in the production version. The following icons may be displayed:
Check Meaning Possible Reasons
Status
Error The object does not continuously exist throughout the

entire validity period of the production version.
The lot-size range of the object does not comprise the
entire lot-size range of the production version.
Warning No check was carried out for the object.

The deletion flag is set for the object.
The header material of the production version is not
assigned to the task list/recipe.
O.K. None of the above inconsistencies occurred.

At the production version level, the check status is summarized as
follows:
 If no task list/master recipe or alternative BOM is assigned to
the production version, the yellow traffic-light is displayed.
 Otherwise, the check status of the object with the worst check
result is displayed. A red traffic-light is, for example, displayed
whenever a red traffic-light exists at the object level.
Activities
You can check the data consistency of the production version as
follows:
 For individual production versions of a recipe or material
(see Maintaining Production Versions ) The check status is saved
together with the production version, recipe, or material.
 For all production versions of a material, alternative BOM, or
recipe (see Checking Production Versions (Mass Function) ) You
decide on the initial screen whether you only want to display the
check result or also transfer the check status to the production
version.
Note
The system does not automatically lock a production version for all
usages if the check result is negative. However, you can set the lock
indicator manually if you want to (see Editing Production Versions ).
Checking and Printing Production

Versions (Mass Function)
Use
You use this procedure to carry out a consistency check for all
production versions of a material, alternative BOM, or recipe. If
required, you also update the check status of the production versions.
See also:
Note
You can also check individual production versions from within the
master recipe or material master record (see Editing Production
Versions).
Procedure
Master Data Master Recipes Reporting Production Versions
Production Version List .
2. Enter the selection criteria for the production versions and
specify whether the check results are to be copied to the production
version.
3. Choose .
A print list appears that contains the checked production versions and
the error and warning messages.
If you have set the relevant indicator on the selection screen, the
system also updates the check status of the production versions in the
background.
Note
The system does not check or update production versions for which
you do not have a display or change authorization. They are listed at
the end of the print list.
1. To print the list, choose .
If you have defined print parameters in your user defaults, the list is
printed at the printer specified there.
Otherwise, a dialog box appears in which you can enter the print
parameters.
1. Enter data as required and choose Continue.
The system prints the list.
Bill of Material (BOM)
Definition
List of all materials required in a process together with the quantities
required.
Use
The BOM is part of the master data of production planning and is also
used in discrete manufacturing. However, note that the following
features are specific to process industries:
 In general, the BOM is created and edited directly from within
the master recipe for which it is required.
 By creating a production version, you can uniquely combine a
master recipe with an alternative BOM. The material components of
the alternative BOM can then be assigned to the operations or
phases of the master recipe and be taken into account in material
quantity calculation.
See also:
SAP Library PP - Bills of Material Guide
Structure
You create a BOM for the product. In the BOM header, you define a
base quantity of the material you want to produce. All other quantities
are relative to the base quantity.
There may be several alternative BOMs for a product, which are used
for different manufacturing processes, lot sizes, or validity areas.
You assign all other materials together with their quantities to the BOM
as BOM items or material components. They include:
 Ingredients with positive quantities
 Output materials (that is, by-products and remaining materials)
with negative quantities
 Catalysts and intra materials with two items respectively
representing the material entering and leaving the process
When manufacturing co-products , you can create a BOM for a
process material or for the co-product that in general initiates
production.
You assign all other co-products to the BOM as BOM items with
negative quantities and set the Co-product indicator for them. When
you create an order, the system creates a separate order item for the
co-products.
Note
If you want the system to select the production versions and BOMs
that use the order material as BOM items when you create a process
order, you must have set the Co-product indicator in the material
master.
Editing Bills of Material
Use
You use this procedure to edit alternative bills of material (BOM) for the
master recipe header materials in the master recipe itself.
Note
If you have not yet edited a BOM from within a master recipe, you can
also edit it in BOM management. Note, however, that the master recipe
does not support the parameter effectivity of engineering change
management (see Engineering Change Management and Recipe
Approval ). For this reason, you may only use change numbers with
date validity for BOMs that you want to use in master recipes.
Prerequisites
 A production version exists for the header material and the
alternative BOM you want to edit has been assigned to the recipe in
this production version.
 If the BOM has already been changed with a change number,
you must enter a change number on the initial screen for recipe
editing. Otherwise, you cannot change the BOM.
 If you have just edited the material list or bill of material of
another production version in the master recipe, you must access
the recipe group again. For technical reasons, you can only display
or edit the material data for one production version in a transaction
call.
Procedure
1. Go to the material list of your master recipe ( Materials tab).
2. If more than one header material and/or production version
exists for your recipe, select the material or production version
whose alternative BOM you want to edit.
Depending on whether you edit a new or an existing alternative BOM,
the system takes you to:
 The initial screen for creating alternative BOMs
 The material list of the recipe
follows:
Function Procedure
Create an alternative BOM Choose on the initial screen.
Change an alternative BOM Choose BOM in the material list.

The item overview of the BOM appears.
1. Enter the relevant data for the bill of material.
For more information on how to do this, see the SAP Library Bills of
Material Guide (PP-BD-BOM) , section Steps in Creating a Simple
Material BOM and Changing a Material BOM .
1. Go back to the master recipe.
The system saves the BOM when you save the master recipe.
Component Assignment to
Operations/Phases
Use
By assigning material components to the operations and phases of the
master recipe, you determine which material components must be
available at which point in time during the production process.
Depending on the item category of the component you have assigned,
you must enter further specifications on how the component is to be
processed. For stock items, for example, you can
define backflushing or intermediate storage in storage resource .
Integration
The component assignments are taken into account for the availability
check or material reservation in the order as well as for product
costing.
Prerequisites
A production version exists for the recipe. The alternative BOM that is
assigned to the recipe in this production version has been created in
the system.
Features
You can assign material components to both operations and phases.
However, we recommend that you only assign material components to
phases for the following reasons:
 Material components can only be backflushed if they are
assigned to phases.
 Material components that are assigned to an operation are
staged at the beginning of its first phase, that is, at the same time as
if you assign them directly to the phase.
In the master recipe, you assign material components for each
combination of recipe and alternative BOM.
When you create a process order, the assignments of the
corresponding alternative BOM are copied from the master recipe to
the process order. All material components you have not explicitly
assigned to an operation or phase are automatically staged for the first
operation. You can still change material assignments in the process
order.
When manufacturing co-products , you can also define
an apportionment structure for the header material from within the
material list. The apportionment structure specifies how the costs are
distributed to the individual products during order settlement.
Backflushing
A gods issue has to be posted for every material that is withdrawn during order
processing. Goods issue posting can be carried out:
 Directly when the material is withdrawn
 At a later date, that is, when the phase to which the relevant material
component is assigned is confirmed. This is known as backflushing.
Note
Only phases are confirmed in the process order. Thus, you cannot backflush a material
if the material component is assigned to an operation in the process order.
Settings
To determine whether a material is to be backflushed, you can make settings in the:
 Material master record ( MRP view)
 Resource ( Basic Data screen)
 Master recipe ( General Data screen for component assignment)
 Process order ( General Data screen for the material component)
When you create a process order, the settings made in the master recipe are copied to
the order. However, you can still change them.
If you set the Backflushing indicator in the process order, the material is always
backflushed regardless of what you entered in the material master record.
If you do not set the indicator in the process order, whether the material is backflushed
or not depends on how you set the indicator in the material master record.
In the material master record, you can determine whether the material is always to be
backflushed or whether it depends on the settings in the resource.
The following graphic shows where you must set which indicators to control
backflushing.
Tip:
Maintain the indicator for backflushing:
 In the material master record, if you always want to backflush the material
 In the master recipe or process order, if you only want to
backflush the material from time to time
Assigning Material Components to

Operations/Phases
Prerequisites
 An alternative BOM has been assigned to the recipe in a
production version.
 The alternative BOM has been created in the system.
call.
Procedure
1. Go to the material list of your master recipe ( Materials tab
page).
whose material components you want to edit.
The material list of the recipe appears.
1. Select the material components you want to assign and
choose .
2. The New Assignment dialog box appears.
3. Enter the number of the operation or phase to which you want to
assign the material component.
4. If you do not know the number, choose Operat./act. list to display
a list of all operations and phases along with their short texts. Select
the operation or phase in this list.
5. Choose .
6. The system assigns the component to the operation or phase.
7. Select the component assignment and choose .
8. The screen with settings for component processing appears.
9. Make the required settings.
10. Go back to the material list.
Reassigning Material Components
Use
You use this procedure to assign a material component to a different
operation or phase.
Prerequisites
If you have just edited the material data that belong to a different
production version than the material component, you must access the
recipe group again. For technical reasons, you can only display or edit
data for one production version in a transaction call.
Procedure
1. Go to one of the following screens:
 The material list of the recipe ( Materials tab page)
 The material list of the operation or phase whose material
component you want to reassign
To do so, select the operation or phase on the operation overview
( Operations tab page) and choose .
whose material components you want to edit.
2. The material list appears.
3. Select the components you want to reassign and choose .
4. The Reassign dialog box appears. It contains the number of the
operation or phase to which the material component is currently
assigned.
5. Enter the number of the new operation or phase.
6. If you do not know the number, choose Operat./act. list to display
a list of all operations and phases along with their short texts.
Select the operation or phase in this list.
7. Choose .
8. The system assigns the component to the new operation or
phase.
9. Select the component assignment and choose .
10. The screen with settings for component processing appears.
11. Check and, if necessary, correct the settings made on this
screen.
12. Go back to the material list.
Deleting Component Assignments to

Operations/Phases
Prerequisites
If you have just edited the material data that belong to a different
production version than the material component, you must access the
recipe group again. For technical reasons, you can only display or edit
data for one production version in a transaction call.
Procedure
1. Go to one of the following screens:
 The material list of the recipe ( Materials tab)
 The material list of the operation or phase whose component
assignment you want to delete
To do so, select the operation or phase on the operation overview
( Operations tab page) and choose .
1. Select the component whose assignment you want to delete.
2. Choose .
The system deletes the assignment. You can now assign the material
component to a new operation or phase.
Sorting Material Components

1. Choose in the material list
2. The Sort Items dialog box appears.
3. Select the sort criterion you want to use to sort the components.
4. Choose .
The system displays the material components in the specified order.
Filtering Material Components
Use
You use this procedure in the material list of a recipe, operation, or
phase if you only want to display specific material components.
Procedure
1. Choose in the material list.
2. The Filter Item List dialog box appears.
3. Select the filter criterion you want to use to filter the components.
4. Choose .
The system filters the material components that match the criterion.
To display all existing material components, choose one of the
 Choose the All items filter criterion.
 Go back to the operation overview and call the material list
again.
Intermediate Material Storage in

Storage Resources
Use
You can use storage resources in the master recipe and process order
to plan the storage of materials during production and between two
manufacturing levels.
You can also use an ordinary storage location for intermediate storage.
However, the storage resource has the following advantages:
 For a storage resource, you can define both a production
capacity that is valid for a limited period of time and a storage
capacity in the form of a maximum stock quantity.
 Stock and capacity data can be passed on to the Process
interface (Production Optimization Interface) The planning tool can
thus take the storage capacity and the stocks to be expected into
account during capacity requirements planning.
Prerequisites
A storage location and a storage resource must have been created in
the system for the storage facility you want to use to temporarily store
the material. The storage location must have been assigned to the
storage resource.
Features
You can use storage resources to reproduce the following scenarios:
 Pure intermediate storage
 Operations in which the material is processed and temporarily
stored in the same resource
Pure Intermediate Storage
In this case, you use a storage resource to which you only assign a
storage capacity in the form of a maximum stock quantity. You
reproduce the material flow as follows:
Intermediate Storage Between Manufacturing Levels
You can temporarily store the material produced in one manufacturing
level until the next manufacturing level. Depending on the type of
product, you proceed as follows:
 For the leading product (header material)
In the production version of the first manufacturing level, you assign
the storage location of the storage resource where you want to store
the header material to the header material.
In the second manufacturing level, the same material is contained in
the material list as a material component. You assign the same storage
location to the material.
 For co-products and by-products
Co-products and by-products are listed as material components with a
negative quantity in the material list of the first manufacturing level.
You assign the storage location of the storage resource where you
want to store the co-product or by-product to the material component.
The same material is listed with a positive quantity in the material list of
the second manufacturing level. This means that it is to be withdrawn
from storage. You assign the same storage location to the material.
Intermediate Storage Within a Manufacturing Level
A material component that is to be temporarily stored within a
manufacturing level (for instance, an intra material) is contained in the
material list twice:
 As a material component with a negative quantity that is
placed into storage
 As a material component with a positive quantity that is
withdrawn from storage
You assign the storage location of the same storage resource to both
material components.
Process Step Including Intermediate Storage
For these operations, you use a storage resource to which you have
assigned both a storage capacity in the form of a maximum stock
quantity and a production capacity that is valid for a limited period of
time. You assign the storage resource to the corresponding operation
as a primary resource. You reproduce the material flow as follows:
Intermediate Storage Between Manufacturing Levels
You can temporarily store the material produced in one manufacturing
level in the resource in which the last process step was carried out.
You do this in exactly the same way as in pure intermediate storage.
In the production version of the first manufacturing level, you assign
the storage location of the storage resource, that is, the storage
location for the primary resource of the last process step, to the header
material.
In the second manufacturing level, the same material is contained in
the material list as a material component. You assign the same storage
location to the material.
Intermediate Storage Within One Manufacturing Level
If you want to store the material component temporarily within a
manufacturing level, you proceed as follows:
 If the material does not change during the process step:
The material to be stored is contained in the material list twice:
 As a material component with a negative quantity that is
placed into storage
You assign this item to the last phase before the storage operation.
 As a material component with a positive quantity that is
You assign this item to the first phase after the storage operation.
 If a new material is produced during the process step:
The material list contains the following items for the old material:
 A material component with a negative quantity that is placed
into storage
You assign this item to the last phase before the storage operation.
 A material component with a positive quantity that is
You assign this item to the phase for the process step within the
storage operation.
The material list contains the following items for the new material:
 A material component with a negative quantity that is placed
into storage
You assign this item to the phase for the process step within the
storage operation.
 A material component with a positive quantity that is
You assign this item to the first phase after the storage operation.
Editing Apportionment Structures for

Materials
Use
You use this procedure in master recipes to edit apportionment
structures for the header materials of the master recipe.
Prerequisites
 A production version for the material-recipe combination
exists.
 The alternative BOM that is assigned to the recipe in this
production version has been created in the system.
call.
Procedure
1. Go to the material list of your master recipe ( Materials tab
page).
whose data you want to edit.
3. The material list appears.
4. Choose .
5. The screen where you can edit apportionment structures
appears.
6. Enter a key and a description for the apportionment structure.
7. If you want to edit cost apportionment for cost elements, you
must also enter an origin structure to which the required cost
elements are assigned.
8. Position the cursor on the apportionment structure and
choose Equivalence numbers .
9. The screen for equivalence number editing appears.
10. Make an entry for each co-product or each co-product and cost
element ( Assignment ), if you have edited an origin structure.
For each entry, determine:
 How long it is valid
 The cost portion debited to it (equivalence number)
1. Choose .
The system takes you back to the material list.
Material Quantity Calculation
Use
You use this function for a production version of a master recipe or a
process order to visually reproduce the dependencies between the
following values:
 Quantity and properties of a product, such as the active
ingredient proportion
 Quantity and properties of material components, that is,
material items and their batches
 Operation and phase quantities
 The scrap to be expected for an operation or phase
You need this function to adjust the quantities defined in the bill of
material (BOM), master recipe, or process order in the following cases:
 To calculate the component quantities if they are not
proportional to the product quantity or if different active ingredient
concentrations of batches must be taken into account
 To calculate the product quantity, that is, the base quantity of
the master recipe or the order quantity if it must be adjusted to
modified component quantities. This may be the case if, for
example, a batch of a component is always used up completely.
 To calculate the expected phase scrap if you want it to be
displayed in the phase data in the order
( Quantities/Activities screen) and make it available for
planned/actual evaluations carried out in the Logistics Information
System
 To calculate operation and phase quantities if they are not
identical to the product quantity. You may want to do this, for
example, if you must take the quantity difference caused by the
scrap produced into account.
Integration
You enter the formulas for material quantity calculation in the master
recipe or process order. If required, you transfer the formula results
from the recipe to the BOM.
Material quantity calculation is always performed during further
processing when you use the production version to select a recipe and
BOM and then carry out scheduling. This means that it is performed,
for example, when you create a process order, convert planned orders,
or during product costing, but not when you carry out material
requirements planning without a detailed plan.
In material requirements planning and product costing, material
quantity calculation is used to calculate the material and operation
quantities that are, for example, necessary for reservations or direct
cost statements.
In the process order, material quantity calculation determines the
order-specific quantities. The formulas for the calculation are taken
from the master recipe. However, you can change them in the order
and start the calculation again, if, for example, the basis for the
calculation has changed due to batch determination. The quantities
calculated in this way are used as the basis for reservations,
Prerequisites
 To be able to use material quantity calculation in a master
recipe, you must have defined a production version for the master
recipe.
 To transfer the data from material quantity calculation from a
master recipe to the process order, you must create the process
order with the corresponding production version.
 To transfer the scrap calculated in material quantity calculation
to the corresponding phase in the process order, you must have
activated scrap management in the parameters of the relevant order
type (see Customizing for Process Orders ).
Features
Formula Definition
You can use the following functions in material quantity calculation to
define formulas:
 The common arithmetical operators and functions as well as
references to quantities and material properties (see Basic
Functions of Material Quantity Calculation )
 Functions that you can use to perform material quantity
calculation based on batch data (see Material Quantity Calculation
with Batch Data )
This function enables you, for example, to use material quantity
calculation together with active ingredient management of the Batch
Management component to plan the quantity structure of your orders
on the basis of exact active ingredient quantities.
Important Information about Value Processing
Depending on the type of value to be calculated, also bear in mind the
following:
 The formulas for the product and component quantities may
not mutually refer to each other.
 If you have planned a scrap quantity for a product in the
material master record or the order header, the system automatically
increases the product and component quantities during quantity
calculation without formulas.
If you have planned a scrap quantity for a component in the material
master record, the BOM, or the material list of the process order, the
system automatically increases the component quantity during quantity
calculation without formulas.
If you perform quantity calculation with formulas, the system does not
automatically take the planned scrap quantity into account. If required,
you must explicitly include it in the formula.
 The scrap quantity calculated for a phase does not
automatically reduce the succeeding phase quantities. However,
you can use the formulas of the operation and phase quantities to
visually reproduce the quantity difference caused by the scrap
produced.
 In collective orders, material quantity calculation is only
supported within the leading order. Header quantities and
component quantities of subordinate orders are calculated in
proportion to the product quantity. For this reason, do not enter
formulas for:
 Directly-produced components of the leading order
 Materials or phases of subordinate orders
Performing Material Quantity Calculation
You can start material quantity calculation as follows during production
planning:
 Automatically together with functions during which scheduling
is carried out (see Integration above)
Material quantity calculation calculates component, operation, phase,
and scrap quantities for which a formula has been defined. Product
quantity calculation is not carried out during automatic material quantity
calculation.
Component quantities for which no formulas are defined have already
been calculated in proportion to the product quantity (for example,
during order release or BOM explosion).
 Manually in the master recipe or process order
Here you decide whether the product quantity is calculated in addition
to the component, operation, phase, and scrap quantities.
When you carry out product quantity calculation, the system
automatically recalculates the component quantities with a formula
afterwards. Note, however, that component quantities without a
formula are not adjusted to the modified product quantity.
Activities
 Defining Material Quantity Calculation
 Performing Material Quantity Calculations
Basic Functions of Material Quantity

Calculation
Use
You can use the following functions in material quantity calculation
whenever you do not need to access batch data for the calculation. If
you must take the values of batches into account in a calculation, you
can also use the functions described in Material Quantity Calculation
with Batch Data .
Prerequisites
 To be able to use material quantity calculation in a master
recipe, you must have defined a production version for the master
recipe.
 To transfer the data from material quantity calculation from a
master recipe to the process order, you must create the process
order with the corresponding production version.
 For you to be able to take material properties into account in
material quantity calculation, the following requirements must be
met:
 It must be possible to enter the property as a numeric value.
 You must classify the material master record or the BOM item
with a class of class type Batch.
 You must assign the property as a characteristic to this class
and assign a value to it in the material master record or the material
list as well as in the material list of the process order.
Features
The data of all materials, operations, and phases that are used in the
master recipe or process order are available in material quantity
calculation. When you call up material quantity calculation, you are
given the following:
 The planned quantity for each operation as well as a field for
any interim results
 The planned quantity for each phase, a field for the scrap to
be expected, and a field for any interim results
 The planned quantity for each material, all numerical material
properties as well as a field for any interim results
For materials for which you use batch determination, you are given the
following in material quantity calculation:
 A line containing the original quantity of the material item for
the totals record (line 4 of the example below)
 A line containing the transferred batch quantity for each batch
(lines 5 to 7 of the example below)
For material properties, you are given:
 In the master recipe, the value from the BOM or, if this value is
missing, the value from the material master record
 In the process order, the value from the material list of the
order or, after the batch determination, the value of the batches
used
If multiple values or value ranges have been defined, the system uses
the lowest value.
Caution
After you have carried out batch determination, the planned value from
the material list is normally still displayed in the totals record. If,
however, no unit has been assigned to the characteristic, the system
displays the sum of all batch values instead.
Example: Data of Material Quantity Calculation
You can enter formulas for the following fields:

 The quantity fields of the materials as long as batch
determination has not been carried out
 The quantity fields of the operations
 The quantity and scrap fields of the phases
 The Interim results field of materials, operations, and phases
This field does not directly influence the quantity structure of an order.
Its value can, however, be used to calculate the remaining quantities.
You can use the following operands to define your formulas:
 Number constants, such as: –5; 3.1416; 1.3E12
The system expects the decimal point or the sign defined for decimal
expressions in your user defaults.
 References to quantity, scrap, and characteristic fields and
interim results
Note that the system does not take the unit of measure of referred
values into account. Percentages, for example, are treated like
absolute values during the calculation.
References are displayed as follows in the formula:
[<Line of the field referred to>,<Column of the field>]
In the graphic above:

 [001,001] refers to the quantity field of product XYZ
 [004,002] refers to the characteristic field of component ABC
In addition, you can use the operators or functions listed below:
Operator Meaning Example
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
DIV Division using integers; not intended 10 DIV 3 = 3

for negative numbers
MOD Remainder after division (modulo 10 MOD 3 = 1

function); not intended for negative
numbers
Function Meaning Example
** Exponentiation 3**3 = 27
IF…THEN… Returns the following value: IF (2<3) THEN (5*6) ELSE

ELSE If the statement after IF is (5-7) = 30
true, the value of the expression
after THEN
If the statement after IF is
false, the value of the expression
after ELSE
IF NOT … Returns the following value: IF (2<3) THEN (5*6) ELSE

THEN…ELSE If the statement after IF NOT (5-7) = -2
is false, the value of the expression
after THEN
If the statement after IF NOT
is true, the value of the expression
after ELSE
ABS Absolute value ABS(-2) = 2
ROUND Round to nearest integer ROUND(1,8) = 2
TRUNC Integral amount of a number; not TRUNC(1,8) = 1

intended for negative numbers
SQRT Square root SQRT(144) = 12
EXP Power to base e EXP(1) = 2.7182746352
LOG Logarithm to base e LOG(2.7182746352) = 1
SIN Sine SIN(0) = 0
COS Cosine COS(0) = 1
TAN Tangent TAN(1) 1.55741
Example
Calculating Header and Component Quantities
Example: Calculating Product and

Component Quantities
Scenario
You want to make fruit juice from fruit premix, water, sugar, and lemon
juice and fill it in 20-liter containers. Remaining quantities smaller than
20 liters are directed to a collecting tank. For shelf life reasons, you do
not want to make a batch split for the fruit premix. Instead, you want to
use one tank and thus a complete batch for the production. For this
reason, you must match up the product quantity and all other
component quantities with the actual fruit premix quantity.
Realization
Entries in the Master Recipe and Bill of Material (BOM)
In the BOM, you enter the required component quantities with
reference to a base quantity of the material Fruit juice . These
quantities are transferred to the Material Quantity Calculation screen in
the master recipe. The following data is displayed, for example:
Calculating the Product Quantity

The product quantity in the order is determined by the available fruit
premix quantity. For this reason, the system must calculate the fruit
juice quantity as follows:
Fruit juice qty = Fruit premix quantity / 0.7

You therefore enter the following formula for the fruit juice:
[004,001] / 0,7

Calculating the Component Quantities

If you want the system to recalculate the component quantities after
calculating the fruit juice quantity, you must enter formulas for them.
The quantity of water, lemon juice, and sugar can be calculated in
proportion to the fruit juice quantity. This means that you must enter
the following formulas:
 For the water:
[001,001] * 0,25

 For the lemon juice:

[001,001] * 0,03

 For the sugar:

[001,001] * 0,09

Only whole numbers make sense for the containers. Since you direct
remaining quantities into containers, the system must first calculate the
number of containers in proportion to the fruit juice quantity and then
round it down to whole numbers. The following applies:
No. of containers = Fruit juice qty DIV Maximum qty of container

This means, you must enter the following formula:

[001,001] DIV 20

Process During Order Processing

In the order, the material data is processed as follows:
1. You create a process order for an order quantity or fruit juice
quantity of 300 l for example.
2. The system calculates the following:
 The required fruit premix quantity in proportion to the fruit juice
quantity
 The required quantity of water, lemon juice, and sugar as well
as the number of containers required based on the formula
As a result, the following data is displayed:
1. You carry out batch determination for the Fruit

premix component. You use the batch that has the earliest
expiration date and a quantity of 175 l. In the totals record of the
material component, you use the batch quantity 175 l as the original
quantity and set the requirement quantity to 0.
2. You manually start product quantity calculation. The system
makes the following adjustments one after another:
1. It calculates the fruit juice quantity. As specified in the formula, it
uses the totals record for the fruit premix and thus the updated
original quantity for this.
2. It updates the quantity of water, sugar, and lemon juice as well
as the number of containers using the formulas.
The following data is displayed:
Material Quantity Calculation With
Batch Data
Use
If you use materials that are subject to batch management, you may
need to take quantities and properties of specific batches into account
when your perform material quantity calculations in the process order.
Depending on the active ingredient concentration of a component
batch, you may need, for example, different quantities of another
component, that is used as a filling material.
Since no batches are assigned in the master recipe, you must use the
values planned in the material item when you perform calculations
there. In the process order, however, you must perform the same
calculation again after you have carried out batch determination due to
the values of one, or in case of a batch split, several batches selected.
For this reason, SAP provides the functions described below to enable
you to use the data of a material item in the master recipe and the data
of subordinate batches after the batch determination in the process
order. These functions can be used in addition to the functions
described in Basic Functions of Material Quantity Calculation .
Note
Material quantity calculation is not automatically performed after batch
determination in the order.
Integration
 If you use batch data to calculate component quantities, note
the following when you carry out batch determination in the process
order:
 You must first carry out batch determination for the
components to whose data you refer in the formulas for other
components.
 Material quantity calculation is not automatically performed
after batch determination. If required, you must start the calculation
manually to update the data of dependent components.
 If you also want to use active ingredient management of
the Batch Management component, you can perform material
quantity calculation either for the physical quantity or for the active
ingredient proportion of a component.
If you use active ingredient proportions, you can use exact active
ingredient quantities to plan the quantity structure of your orders.
See also:
LO - Batch Management
Prerequisites
To be able to use material quantity calculation in a master recipe, you
must have defined a production version for the master recipe.
To transfer the data from material quantity calculation from a master
recipe to the process order, you must create the process order with the
corresponding production version.
For you to be able to take into account batch properties such as the
active ingredient potency in material quantity calculation, the following
requirements must be met:
 You must classify the material master record, the BOM item or
the material item of the process order as well as the batch with a
class of class type Batch.
 You must assign the batch property as a characteristic to this
class and assign a value to it in the batch as well as in the material
master record, the BOM item, or the material list of the process
order.
Material quantity calculation uses the following values:
 In the master recipe, the value from the BOM or, if this value is
missing, the value from the material master record
 In the process order, the value from the material list of the
order
If multiple values or value ranges have been defined, the system uses
the lowest value.
Caution
In the material master record, you can also enter a planned value for
the batch characteristic for active ingredient management ( Additional
data , Proportion/prod.unit tab page). To avoid inconsistencies
between active ingredient management and material quantity
calculation, we recommend using the lowest characteristic value from
material classification.
Features
The following sections provide an overview of the functions of material
quantity calculation that take the batch data of a material component
into account. In the expressions used:
 <Material item> stands for the line number of the material item
 <Characteristic column> stands for the column number of the
batch characteristic
The examples refer to the following data:
Determining the Number of Batches in a Material Item

Use the following function:
CNUM(<material item>)
The function determines the number of batches that belong to a
material item. As long as no batch has been assigned to the material
item, the function has value 1.
Example
CNUM(004) = 3
Adding up Batch Quantities or Characteristic Values
This function adds up the batch quantities or the values in the
characteristic column you specified for all batches of a material item.
As long as no batches have been assigned to the material item, the
function returns the quantity of the material item or the characteristic
value of the material item.
 To add up batch quantities, use:
CSUM(<material item>)
CSUM(004) = 40 + 50 + 3 = 93
 To add up characteristic values, use:
CSUM(<material item>;<characteristic column>)
CSUM(004;002) = 90 + 80 + 70 = 240
Calculating the Arithmetic Mean of Batch Quantities or
Characteristic Values
This function calculates the arithmetic mean of the batch quantities or
the characteristic column you specified from all batches of a material
item. As long as no batches have been assigned to the material item,
the function returns the quantity of the material item or the
corresponding characteristic value of the material item.
 To calculate the arithmetic mean of the batch quantities, use:
CAMV(<material item>)
CAMV(004) = (40 + 50 + 3) / 3 = 31
 To calculate the arithmetic mean of the characteristic value,
use:
CAMV(<material item>;<characteristic column>)
CAMV(004;002) = (90 + 80 + 70) / 3 = 80

Adding up Weighted Batch Quantities or Characteristic Values:
Product Sum
For each batch of a material item, this function multiplies the batch
quantity by the value of the characteristic column you specified or the
values of both characteristic columns specified. It then adds up the
results. The system interprets the characteristic value that you use to
weight the first value as a percentage if the description of its unit
contains a percent sign (%).
function calculates the product of the quantity and characteristic value
of the material item or the product of the two characteristic values of
the material item.
You may need this function, for example, to calculate the total of the
active ingredient quantities from physical batch quantities based on the
active ingredient concentration. Use the following function:
 To calculate the product sum of batch quantities, use:
CPSM(<material item>;<characteristic column>)
CPSM(004;002) = (40 * 0.9) + (50 * 0.8) + (3 * 0.7) = 78.1

 To calculate the product sum of characteristic values, use:
CPSM(<material item>;<characteristic column 1>;<characteristic
column 2>)
CPSM(004;002;003) = (90 * 0.04) + (80 * 0.035) + (70 * 0.05) = 9.9

Adding up Weighted Batch Quantities or Characteristic Values:
Quotient Sum
For each batch of a material item, this function divides the batch
quantities by the value of the characteristic column you specified or the
value of the first characteristic column by that of the second column. It
then adds up the results. The system interprets the characteristic value
that you use to weight the first value as a percentage if the description
of its unit contains a percent sign (%).
function divides the quantity of the material item by the corresponding
characteristic value or the first characteristic value of the material item
by that of the second value.
You may need this function, for example, to calculate the total of the
physical batch quantities from the active ingredient quantities of
batches based on the active ingredient concentration. Use the
following function:
 To calculate the quotient sum of batch quantities, use:
CQSM(<material item>;<characteristic column>)
CQSM(008;002) = (4 / 0.5) + (3 / 0.6) = 13

 To calculate the quotient sum of characteristic values, use:
CQSM(<material item>;<characteristic column 1>;<characteristic
column 2>)
CQSM(008;002;003) = (50 / 0.25) + (60 / 0.2) = 500
Examples
 Example: Calculations Using Active Ingredient Quantities of
Batches
 Example: Calculations Using Physical Batch Quantities
Example: Calculations Using Active

Ingredient Quantities of Batches
Scenario
You want to use a fruit premix with varying fruit content and water to
produce a fruit juice whose fruit content is always 5 %. During order
processing, you always want to use the fruit premix batch with the
earliest expiration date. Depending on the fruit content of this batch,
you want the system to adjust the quantity of water in such a way that
the fruit content intended for the fruit juice is obtained.
Realization
Entries in Batch Management
You define active ingredient management for the material Fruit
premix with the following specifications:
 You classify the material and its batches with a batch class
that contains characteristic Fruit content .
In the material, you enter 10 - 20 % as the allowed interval for the fruit
content. In the batches, you enter the actual fruit content.
In addition, you assign the proportion unit LF (liters of fruit) to the
material, which you can use to enter the absolute fruit content of a
specific quantity of fruit premix.
 For the batch determination for material Fruit premix , you
define a batch search strategy that allows batch determination
based on proportion quantities. You use the expiration date and the
allowed interval defined for the fruit content as selection criteria for
determining the batch.
reference to a base quantity of the product Fruit juice . For the fruit
premix, you use the proportion unit LF , which means that you do not
enter the physical quantity of the fruit premix but the fruit quantity it
must contain.
The quantities and the characteristic values of material classification
are transferred to the Material Quantity Calculation screen in the
master recipe. The following data is displayed, for example:
The absolute fruit content that is required in the fruit premix changes

in proportion to the fruit juice quantity. You therefore need not enter a
formula for the fruit premix:
To obtain the intended fruit content of the fruit juice, you must,
however, balance variations in the percent fruit content of the fruit
premix. This means that you must adjust the quantity of water. This
adjustment is not in proportion to the fruit juice quantity. The following
relationship applies:
Water = Product quantity – physical quantity of fruit premix

You can calculate the physical quantity of the fruit premix as follows in
the master recipes:
Qty of fruit premix = Absolute fruit content in fruit premix / Percent fruit content

For the system to be able to correctly calculate the physical quantity of

the fruit premix after the batch determination and maybe even a batch
split in the order, it must calculate the quotient sum of all fruit premix
batches. For this reason, you must enter the following formula for the
water:
[001,001] – CQSM(004;002)

 The required fruit premix quantity in the proportion unit LF in
proportion to the fruit juice quantity
 The required quantity of water using the formula
Since no batches have been selected, it uses the data from the
material component (line 4).
1. You carry out batch determination for the material Fruit premix .

Since the batch with the earliest expiration date only covers part of
the requirement, you use the following:
 20 % LF of a batch with 20 % fruit content
 5 LF of a batch with 15 % fruit content
1. You start material quantity calculation. The system now updates
the quantity of water using the formula and batch data.
The following result is displayed:
Example: Calculations Using Physical

Batch Quantities
Scenario
You want to use a fruit premix with varying fruit and acid content to
produce a fruit juice whose fruit content is always 5 % and whose acid
content is always 2 %.
The fruit premix batches are selected according to their expiration
date. You can use different batches whose expiration dates are close
together in one order but each batch is always used up completely.
You want to adjust the fruit content of the fruit juice by mixing water
into it. The acid content, on the other hand, is adjusted by adding
lemon juice with the different lemon juice batches having different acid
contents themselves.
Realization
Entries in Batch Management
You define active ingredient management with the following
specifications:
 You classify materials Fruit juice and Fruit premix as well as
the fruit premix batches using a batch class that contains
characteristics Fruit content and Acid content .
In material Fruit juice , you define the fruit content of 5 % and the acid
content of 2 % you want to obtain.
In material Fruit premix , you define 10 – 20 % as the allowed fruit
content and 1 – 4 % as the allowed acid content. In the batches, you
enter the actual fruit and acid contents.
 You classify material Lemon juice and its batches with a batch
class that contains characteristic Acid content .
In the material, you enter 20 – 30 % as the allowed interval for the acid
content. In the batches, you enter the actual acid content.
In addition, you assign the proportion unit LA (liters of acid) to the
material, which you can use to enter the absolute acid content of a
specific quantity of lemon juice.
 For batch determination, you define a batch search strategy
that contains the selection criteria Expiration date and Fruit
content for material Fruit premix and a batch search strategy that
contains the selection criteria Expiration date and Acid content . The
batch search strategy you define for the lemon juice allows batch
determination based on a proportion quantity, this means, based on
the absolute acid content.
reference to a base quantity of the product Fruit juice . For the fruit
premix that is to be used as complete batches, you enter the required
physical quantity in the BOM. Since the lemon juice is to be used
depending on its acid content, you plan it in the proportion unit Liters of
acid . This means that you do not enter the physical quantity of the
lemon juice but the required absolute acid content instead.
The quantities and the characteristic values of material classification
are transferred to the Material Quantity Calculation screen in the
master recipe. The following data is displayed, for example:
Calculating the Product Quantity

The product quantity in the order is determined by the available fruit
premix quantity. For this reason, the system must calculate the fruit
juice quantity as follows:
Fruit juice = Absolute fruit content in fruit premix / Intended fruit content in fruit

qty juice
You can calculate the absolute fruit content of the fruit premix as
follows in the master recipe:
Absolute fruit content = Fruit premix qty * Percent fruit content in fruit premix

For the system to be able to correctly calculate the fruit content after
the batch determination and maybe even a batch split in the order, it
must calculate the product sum of all fruit premix batches. For this
reason, you must enter the following formula for the fruit juice:
CPSM(004;002) / [001,002]

Calculating the Lemon Juice Quantity

To obtain the intended acid content of the fruit juice, you must balance
variations in the percent acid content of the fruit premix. For this
reason, you must adjust the lemon juice quantity. This adjustment is
not in proportion to the product quantity.
The following applies for the calculation of the absolute acid content of
the lemon juice required:
Absolute acid = Intended absolute acid content in the fruit juice – absolute acid

content content in the fruit premix
= Fruit juice qty * intended percent acid content - absolute acid
content in the fruit premix
You can calculate the absolute acid content of the fruit premix as
follows in the master recipe:
Acid content of fruit premix = Fruit premix qty * Percent acid content in fruit premix

For the system to be able to correctly calculate the acid content after
the batch determination and maybe even a batch split in the order, it
must calculate the product sum of all fruit premix batches. For this
reason, you must enter the following formula for the acid content:
[001,001] * [001,003] - CPSM(004;003)

Calculating the Water Quantity

To obtain the intended fruit content of the fruit juice, you must balance
variations in the fruit content of the fruit premix. This means that you
must adjust the quantity of water. The following relationship applies:
Water qty = Fruit juice – Fruit premix qty – Physical qty of lemon juice

You can calculate the physical quantity of the lemon juice as follows in
the master recipe:
Lemon juice qty = Absolute acid content in lemon juice / Percent acid content

For the system to be able to correctly calculate the lemon juice quantity
after the batch determination and maybe even a batch split in the
order, it must, however, calculate the quotient sum of all lemon juice
batches. For this reason, you must enter the following formula for the
water:
[001,001] – [004,001] - CQSM(006;003)


 The required fruit premix quantity in proportion to the fruit juice
quantity
 The required water quantity and the required absolute acid
content in the lemon juice using the formulas
Since no batches have been selected, it uses the data from the
material item (line 4).
1. You carry out batch determination for the Fruit

premix component. The system finds two batches with identical
expiration dates. You use the following batches:
 One batch with a quantity of 200 L, a fruit content of 10 %, and
an acid content of 3 %
 One batch with a quantity of 100 L, a fruit content of 15 %, and
an acid content of 2 %
You adjust the original quantity in the totals record of the material item
accordingly.
1. You manually start product quantity calculation. The system
makes the following adjustments one after another:
1. It calculates the fruit juice quantity using the formula.
2. It updates the absolute acid content of the lemon juice and the
required water quantity using the formulas.
Since no batches have been selected for the lemon juice, the system
uses the data of the material item (line 8 of the graphic below) to
calculate the quantity of water.
The following data is displayed:
1. You carry out batch determination for the Lemon

juice component. You use a batch quantity with an absolute acid
content of 6 LA and a percent acid content of 25 %.
2. You start material quantity calculation again. The system again
updates the quantity of water using the formula and the batch data
available now.
The following result is displayed:
Defining Material Quantity Calculation
Use
You use this procedure in the master recipe to define formulas for the
calculation of the following values:
 The operation quantity or any interim results
 The phase quantity, the expected phase scrap, or any interim
results
 The quantity of a material component or any interim results
 The product or base quantity or any interim results
If required, you transfer the formula results to the corresponding
alternative BOM.
Caution
When you enter a formula for the product quantity, note that after the
product quantity has been calculated the system only updates
dependent values for which a formula has been maintained. For this
reason, you must also enter a formula for the values that are
proportional to the product quantity.
In collective orders, material quantity calculation is only supported
within the leading order. Header quantities and component quantities
of subordinate orders are calculated in proportion to the product
quantity of the leading order. For this reason, do not enter formulas for:
 Directly-produced components of the leading order
 Materials or phases of subordinate orders
Prerequisites
 A production version has been defined for the master recipe.
 For you to be able to take into account material properties
such as the active ingredient potency in material quantity
calculation, the following requirements must be met:
 You must classify the material master record or the BOM item
with a class of class type Batch.
 You must assign the property as a characteristic to this class
and assign a value to it in the material master record or the BOM
item.
Material quantity calculation uses the value from the BOM or, if this
value is missing, the value from the material master record. If multiple
values or value ranges have been defined, the system uses the lowest
value.
 To transfer the scrap calculated in material quantity calculation
to the corresponding phase in the process order, you must have
activated scrap management in the parameters of the relevant order
type (see Customizing for Process Orders ).
 If you have just maintained the material list or bill of material of
the recipe group again.
Procedure
1. Choose the Materials tab page in the recipe.
2. If more than one header material and/or production version exist
for your recipe, select the material or production version whose
material quantity calculation you want to maintain.
3. The material list of the recipe appears.
4. Choose .
The Material Quantity Calculation screen appears. It consists of two
sections:
 The lower section contains one line with data for each
operation, phase, and material contained in the recipe.
 In the Formula definition section, you can display the formula
defined for the field that you have selected in the lower section.
1. Place the cursor on the field for which you want to enter a
formula and choose Select formula .
1. Enter the required formula in the Formula definition section. You
insert the elements of this formula as follows:
 Use the keyboard to enter number constants.
Use the decimal markers defined in your user defaults or the decimal
point.
 To insert a reference to a material or a material property in the
formula, double-click the relevant field.
The coordinates of the field are inserted in the formula. When the
material quantity is calculated, they are replaced with the up-to-date
quantity.
Note that the system does not take the unit of measure of referred
values into account. Percentages, for example, are treated like
absolute values during the calculation.
 To insert the operators of the basic arithmetical operations or
a bracket in the formula, choose the corresponding button in
the Formula definition section or use the keyboard to enter the sign.
 Use the keyboard to enter all other operators or functions.
For information on the available operators and functions, see Basic
Functions of Material Quantity Calculation and Material Quantity
Calculation with Batch Data .
1. Depending on the values for which your have entered a formula,
you start the calculation as follows:
 If you want to recalculate component, operation, phase, or
scrap quantities, choose .
 If you want to recalculate the product or base quantity,
choose Calculate product qty .
The system calculates the product quantity and subsequently updates
all component, operation, phase, and scrap quantities for which
formulas have been maintained.
The system displays the calculated values in the corresponding fields
in the lower screen section.
1. Save your entries as follows:
 If you want to save the formulas without transferring the
formula results to the material list and BOM, choose and save the
master recipe.
 If you want to save the formulas and transfer the calculated
material quantities to the material list and BOM, choose and save
the master recipe.
Caution
The system also copies the calculated material quantities to the BOM if
the Fixed quantity indicator has been set for the BOM item.
Performing Material Quantity

Calculations
Use
You use this procedure to manually start material quantity calculation
in the master recipe. Depending on your requirements, you define the
scope of the calculation as follows:
 Calculation of the component, operation, phase, and scrap
quantities for which formulas have been defined
 Calculation of the product quantity and subsequent update of
the component, operation, phase, and scrap quantities for which
formulas have been defined
alternative BOM.
Prerequisites
 The formulas of material quantity calculation have been
defined in the recipe.
Procedure
exists for your recipe, select the material or production version for
which you want to perform the material quantity calculation.
4. Choose .
The system uses the current formulas and data to calculate the
component, operation, phase, and scrap quantities and displays the
results on the editing screen of material quantity calculation.
If required, you can change the formulas from this screen (see Defining
Material Quantity Calculation ).
1. If you also want to recalculate the product or base quantity,
2. The system calculates the product quantity and subsequently
updates all component, operation, phase, and scrap quantities for
which formulas have been defined.
3. If you want to copy the formula results to the BOM, choose
and save the master recipe.
Caution
Performing Material Quantity

Calculations
Use
You use this procedure to manually start material quantity calculation
in the master recipe. Depending on your requirements, you define the
scope of the calculation as follows:
 Calculation of the component, operation, phase, and scrap
quantities for which formulas have been defined
 Calculation of the product quantity and subsequent update of
the component, operation, phase, and scrap quantities for which
formulas have been defined
alternative BOM.
Prerequisites
 The formulas of material quantity calculation have been
defined in the recipe.
Procedure
exists for your recipe, select the material or production version for
which you want to perform the material quantity calculation.
4. Choose .
The system uses the current formulas and data to calculate the
component, operation, phase, and scrap quantities and displays the
results on the editing screen of material quantity calculation.
If required, you can change the formulas from this screen (see Defining
Material Quantity Calculation ).
1. If you also want to recalculate the product or base quantity,
2. The system calculates the product quantity and subsequently
updates all component, operation, phase, and scrap quantities for
which formulas have been defined.
3. If you want to copy the formula results to the BOM, choose
and save the master recipe.
Caution
Displaying and Printing Formula

Overviews
Use
You use this procedure to get an overview of the formulas defined for
material quantity calculation. In comparison to the maintenance screen
of material quantity calculation, the formula overview has the following
advantages:
 The formula overview not only contains the quantities and
value fields of material quantity calculation but also the
corresponding formulas.
 References used in the formulas are replaced by the value
and the description of the field to which they refer.
Procedure
1. Choose on the Material Quantity Calculation screen.
2. The formula overview appears.
3. Choose to print the overview.
4. Enter the relevant print parameters and choose .
Resource Data Editing
Purpose
This section describes how you plan the resources to be used for
internally processed operations and phases while editing a master
recipe.
You may have already carried out some of the steps in the process
describing the first steps of recipe editing. You can use this description
to check and complete existing data.
Prerequisites
 If you want to use system-aided resource selection, resource
classes describing resource attributes that are relevant to selection
Note
If you work with the Process Flow Scheduler (PFS), only use resources
with one capacity category. The PFS only takes one capacity category
per resource into account. If you require further capacities, you can
assign secondary resources to the phases of a master recipe.
 The master records for the resources that are used to carry
out the operations and phases in your recipe
 The resource network of the production line you use for
production
Process Flow
1. You check whether the resource network has been assigned to
the production line you want to use in the general header data of the
recipe.
2. You check whether the primary resource to be used for internally
processed operations or subordinate phases has been assigned to
these operations on the operation overview.
If you cannot determine the primary resource to be used until shortly
before order processing, you assign a suitable planning resource to the
operations provisionally.
1. If the primary resource you have assigned is a planning
resource, you define a selection condition for the operation. This is
then used for system-aided resource selection.
2. If the primary resource has a capacity and a processing unit with
labor capacity assigned to it, you can specify the number of
employees required in the general phase data.
Using the POI interface, you can transfer this information to external
planning tools. The planning table of repetitive manufacturing uses this
1. If you use the application component Payroll Accounting
(PY) and work with incentive wages, you can enter a wage type in
the general phase data. The wage type is used as a default for time
ticket confirmations and time tickets.
2. You assign the required secondary resources to the operations
and phases.
You define activities for an operation or phase that are performed by a
different company as externally processed secondary resources.
Via the control key, you determine the business functions of these
1. To be able to carry out recipe scheduling, capacity requirements
planning, and costing, you enter the following detail data for your
secondary resources:
 For internally processed secondary resources, the earliest and
latest dates of the secondary resource and, if required, user-defined
fields for additional data not included in the standard system
 For externally processed secondary resources, the data on
the vendor to receive the order
1. If you have assigned a secondary resource with labor capacity,
you can enter the following information in the general data for the
secondary resource:
 The number of employees required
Using the POI interface, you can transfer this information to the
Process Flow Scheduler (PFS) or external planning tools.
The planning table of repetitive manufacturing uses the information to
determine the maximum and minimum number of employees required
for a planning period.
 A wage type as a default for time ticket confirmation
If you use the application component Payroll Accounting (PY) and work
with incentive wages, this value is used as a default for time tickets.
1. You enter a long text with explanations and notes on the
secondary resource.
Resource Network Assignment to

Recipes
Use
By assigning a resource network, you store the following information in
the recipe header:
 The production line that is used to carry out the master recipe
 The physical links that exist between the resources of the
production line, that is, the material flows that are allowed
You can display the assigned resource network from within the recipe
any time you like to get an overview of the resource sequence.
Prerequisites
The resource network of the production line that is used to carry out
the master recipe has been created in the system. It belongs to the
same plant as the master recipe.
Integration
When an order is created, the system copies the resource network to
the process order. The network is used to carry out the following
checks during order processing:
 A process order can only be released if its primary
resources are contained in the resource network.
 When you carry out system-aided resource selection, the
system only selects resources that are contained in the resource
network.
 When you dispatch an operation of your order in the capacity
planning table, the system checks whether:
 Its primary resources are contained in the resource network
 The preceding operation is assigned to a preceding resource
and the succeeding operation is assigned to a succeeding resource
of the resource network
Activities
 You create the resource network of a master recipe in
the Assignments group box in the recipe header.
 You choose in the recipe header to display the resource
network in the master recipe.
Primary Resource Assignment to

Operations
Use
You use this function to determine the resource or the part of the
production line that is used to carry out an operation and the
subordinate phases.
As phases are subdivisions of an operation, the system automatically
copies the primary resource of the operation to its phases. The primary
resource is committed for the entire duration of the operation and its
phases.
Integration
The following resource data can influence the way operations and
phases are processed:
determine which standard values you can or must edit for the
operation or phase
 Formulas that you can use to calculate the dates and costs of
the phases in scheduling, capacity requirements planning, and
costing
 Default values that help you to edit certain operation and
phase data
If labor capacity has been assigned to the primary resource, you can
enter the number of employees required for the phase in the general
phase data. The system uses this number for the following evaluations:
of employees to external planning tools.
Prerequisites
The master record of the resource you want to use as the primary
resource has been created in the system. The resource meets the
following requirements:
 It belongs to the same plant as the master recipe.
 It has been released for master recipes in its task list usage
(see Customizing for Master Recipes).
Note
 If you have assigned a resource network in the recipe header,
the resource must also be contained in the resource network
(see Resource Network Assignment to Recipes).
 If you work with the Process Flow Scheduler (PFS), only use
resources with one capacity category. The PFS only takes one
capacity category per resource into account. If you require further
capacities, you can assign secondary resources to the phases of a
master recipe.
Key Features
You can only assign one primary resource to an operation. When
assigning resources, bear the following aspects in mind:
 How is the operation processed?
 When is the resource selected?
If you can make a definite decision in the master recipe, you
immediately assign the resource you want to use for production.
If several resources can be used, you can assign a planning
resource to be used provisionally in which you group together the
characteristic features of several production resources.
Before releasing the order, you replace the planning resource with a
suitable production resource. You can use system-aided resource
selection for this, provided that you define the relevant criteria in the
master recipe and resource.
 Which resource category and capacity category is
required?
If an operation is purely used for production, you select a processing
unit or labor resource as the primary resource.
If you also want to place the material into intermediate storage during
an operation, you use a storage resource as the primary resource.
The storage capacity and stocks can be passed on to the Process
interface (Production Optimization Interface). In this way, they can be
taken into account in capacity requirements planning in the
corresponding planning tool (see Intermediate Material Storage in
Storage Resources).
Special Features for Resource Replacement
If you replace a resource that you have already assigned somewhere
with a different resource, note the following:
 The content of the standard values is specified by the
standard value key of the new resource. In addition, the rules for
maintenance defined in the new resource become valid.
However, standard values you have defined for the old resource are
not deleted. For this reason, check all standard values after replacing a
resource.
 When you replace a resource in the master recipe, default
values and activity types are only copied from the new resource
when they have been marked as references in the resource.
 The units of measurement of the standard values are not
copied.
Activities
You enter the primary resource for an operation on the operation
overview (see Editing Operations/Phases on the Operation Overview).
Planning Resource
Definition
Resource whose task list type specifies that it may only be used until a
process order is released.
Use
operation, you can allocate a planning resource to be used
provisionally until you select the production resource you actually want
to use.
You can use the planning resource for all required business operations
in planning, for instance, scheduling, capacity requirements planning,
and costing.
System-Aided Resource Selection
Use
operation, you often cannot decide which resource you will actually use
until shortly before production.
This function helps you make this decision as the system preselects
suitable resources in the process order.
You maintain the criteria the system uses for this selection in the
resource and master recipe. When you release an order, the system
also uses these criteria to check whether you may use a resource.
Prerequisites
System ( CA-CL) .
Caution
If you want to use system-aided resource selection for operations,
assign a planning resource to these operations in the master recipe
(see Assigning Primary Resources to Operations ).
Features
When selecting resources, the system takes the following criteria into
account:
 Whether the resource is contained in the resource network of
the order
You define the resource network during recipe editing in the recipe
header (see Resource Network Assignment to Recipes ).
 User-defined resource characteristics
You define them in the resource and in the operation of the recipe
using the classification system (see below).
Resource selection using the classification system
For resource selection, you can use your own classes of class
type 019 work center class . Using these classes, you specify the
following in the master data:
 Resource:
You assign similar resources to the same class. You assign the
individual resource attributes to the class characteristics.
Example
You have defined the class charging vessel along with the class
characteristics volume and stirring speed. You assign the resource
master records of all available charging vessels to this class. In doing
so, you enter the volume and stirring speed for each resource.
 Master recipe:
You enter resource selection conditions for the operations of your
master recipes. In these conditions, you:
 Assign the operations to the same class as the resources that
are used to carry out the operations
 Assign the resource attributes that the primary resource of the
operation must have to the class characteristics
Example
A mixture is to be created in operation 0010 of your master recipe. You
enter a resource selection condition for this operation. In this condition,
you assign the class charging vessel to the operation and determine
the vessel volume required for the charge mixture as well as the
stirring speed.
When you start resource selection in the process order , the system
determines the resources that meet all operation requirements (see
graphic below). Only these resources can be used when an order is
released.
Resource selection in the process order
Activities
Prerequisites
System ( CA-CL) .
Caution
Procedure
1. On the operation overview, select the operation for which you
want to edit the resource selection condition.
2. Choose .
3. Enter the class of class type 019 (work center class) that is used
to classify the resources to select from and choose .
4. A list containing the class characteristics assigned to the
resource class appears.
5. Assign the resource characteristics required to carry out an
operation as values to the class characteristics.
Secondary Resource Assignment to

Operations/Phases
Use
You use this function to determine the additional activities that have to
be performed when an operation and phase is carried out. You can
specifies these activities as follows:
 In internally processed secondary resources you plan
which of your own resources are required for an operation or phase
beside the primary resource, for instance, the activity of a line
operator.
 In externally processed secondary resources, you plan the
steps of phases that are to be carried out by another company, for
instance, a quality inspection by an external laboratory (see Editing
of External Processing Data ).
Integration
You assign the master record of the required resource to internally
processed secondary resources. It contains the following data that can
influence the way secondary resources are processed:
determine which standard values you can or must define for the
secondary resource
 Formulas that you can use to calculate the capacity
requirements and costs of the secondary resource
 If required, default values that help you to edit certain
secondary resource data
If labor capacity has been assigned to the secondary resource, you
can enter the number of employees required for the phase in the
general phase data. The system uses this number for the following
evaluations:
of employees to the Process Flow Scheduler (PFS) or other
planning tools.
Prerequisites
 The master records of the resources you want to assign as
secondary resources have been created in the system.
 The resources have been released for master recipes via their
task list usage (see Customizing for Master Recipes ).
Caution
Unlike primary resources, secondary resources must not :
 Belong to the same plant as the master recipe
 Be contained in the resource network of the recipe or order
header
 The resource formulas correspond to those of the primary
resource.
You cannot use secondary resources to represent capacities that you
want to use for primary resources with quantity-dependent formulas
and primary resources with quantity-independent formulas.
In this case, you require a pooled capacity that you assign to the
primary resources in the resource master record together with the
formula required in each case. Note, however, that the Process Flow
Scheduler (PFS) only takes one capacity category per resource into
account.
Features
You can assign any number of secondary resources to an operation or
phase. Via a control key, you determine whether the secondary
resource is processed internally or externally.
Secondary resources are processed differently to primary resources as
follows:
 Secondary resources are not automatically committed for the
entire duration of an operation or phase. For them, you define
separate standard values and dates relative to the start and finish
dates of the operation or phase (see graphic below).
 For this reason, the following functions are not carried out at
phase level but directly for the secondary resource:
Scheduling
Capacity requirements planning
Confirmation
Costing
By defining a control key just like for phases, you determine which of
these functions is allowed for a secondary resource.
 For secondary resources, you cannot use system-aided
resource selection in the process order.
If you replace a secondary resource that you have assigned
somewhere with a different one, you must bear the same in mind as for
primary resources (see Primary Resource Assignment to Operations ).
Resource Assignment to Operations and Phases - Example
Control Key
Definition
A user-defined key that determines how an operation, phase, or
secondary resource is handled in order processing and in product
costing.
Use
You define control keys in Customizing for Master Recipes or Process
Orders .
Whenever you create an operation, phase, or secondary resource in
the master recipe or process order, you assign a control key to it.
Structure
The table below describes which settings are included in a control key,
and whether these settings are relevant for operations, phases, or
For more detailed information on the individual settings in the recipe or
order, call up the input help ( F4 ) for the control key and then in
the Detailed information section choose field help ( F1 ) for the relevant
indicator.
Control key: Objects affected by control key settings
Settings for Operation Phase Secondary resource
Scheduling X X
Capacity requirements planning X X
Costing X X
Automatic goods receipt X
Inspection characteristics X X
Confirmation printing X X
Time ticket printing X X
Printing (general) X X X
External processing X X
Confirmation X X
Editing of External Processing Data
Use
You can use external processing to have individual process steps, that
is operations or phases, carried out by a different company.
In the master recipe, you enter the basic data you need for awarding
and processing external processing contracts in the phase or
secondary resource. When you create a process order, the system
uses this data to automatically create a purchase requisition for the
corresponding process step.
Prerequisites
You have installed the application component Purchasing ( MM-PUR) .
The relevant purchasing master data have been created in this
component (see the SAP Library MM- Purchasing, Master Records
from the Purchasing View ).
Features
You visually reproduce an externally processed step as follows:
 As an externally processed phase if the required activity is
entirely performed by the vendor
 As an externally processed secondary resource if at the
same time capacities are committed in your plant
Example
In a process, an inspection is to be carried out by an external
laboratory after operation 2000 is completed. You take a sample and
give it to the external lab. The material stays in vessel V1 (also used to
carry out operation 2000 ) until the inspection has been completed.
To visually reproduce the external inspection in your recipe, you add
phase 2099 at the end of operation 2000 . Vessel V1 is the primary
resource and is committed for the entire phase duration. You enter the
service to be carried out by the lab by creating a secondary resource
for this phase.
Specifications in the Master Recipe
You use the control key to determine that a phase or secondary
resource is processed externally. You also determine in the control key
whether externally processed phases are scheduled on the basis of
their standard values or the planned delivery time (see Phase
Scheduling ).
Note
To schedule a phase on the basis of its standard values, you must
assign a primary resource with an appropriate standard value key to
the superior operation.
In addition, you enter the following phase and secondary resource data
that is required for the purchase requisition.
 Whether the work is to be done in subcontracting , that is,
whether you are going to supply the vendor with components
In subcontracting phases, the assigned material components are
automatically provided in the purchase order.
You can, however, remove individual components from the list of
components to be provided. To do so, set the Material provision
indicator correspondingly in the BOM item.
In subcontracting secondary resources, you must enter the material
components to be provided to the vendor in the purchase order
yourself.
 Data on the vendor
If known, you can enter the purchasing info record of a particular
vendor with the responsible purchasing organization. You require a
purchasing info record that does not have a material master record and
is intended for procurement types Normal or Subcontracting.
The vendor name and all relevant data are then copied from the
purchasing info record.
Otherwise, you enter the sort string, material group, and the planned
delivery time.
Purchasing will then use this data to pick a vendor when the purchase
order is created.
 The cost element
You need this information to settle externally processed phases and
secondary resources that have been marked as relevant for costing in
their control keys.
Ordering During Order Processing
When you create a process order, the external processing data of the
phases and secondary resources is copied to the order. You can still
change this data in the process order.
When you save the order, the system automatically creates a purchase
requisition for the externally processed phases and secondary
resources. This is then processed in purchasing.
For more information, see External Processing .
Activities
 You enter the control key when you edit phases or secondary
resources on the overview screen.
Editing Operations/Phases on the Operation Overview
Assigning Secondary Resources to Operations/Phases
 You enter the remaining external processing data on the detail
screens for phases and secondary resources on the General
data tab page.
secondary resource.
Standard Value Editing
Use
You use this function to enter planned values for the activities to be
performed in an operation, phase, or secondary resource, for example,
the required processing time or energy.
You can refer to the standard values for the corresponding process
step in resource formulas . Thus, the standard values are the basis for
Prerequisites
The following data is contained in the master record of the resource
that is assigned to the operation, phase, or secondary resource:
 A standard value key that determines which standard values
you can enter
 A rule for maintenance for every standard value, which
determines if you must, should, or can enter a value
 Default values for the units of measurement for the standard
values as well as the necessary activity types (if required)
Features
Depending on the standard value key, you can edit up to six different
standard values for an operation, phase, or secondary resource.
You enter the standard values with reference to the base quantity of
the material you want to produce. For process steps that are relevant
to costing you also determine an activity type.
Processing Standard Values
Operations, phases, and secondary resources have different business
functions. For this reason, the processing of their standard values
differs as follows:
 For phases and secondary resources , the standard values
are important for planning. The system uses standard values for the
 Scheduling of internally processed phases and, if the relevant
settings have been made, externally processed phases (see Phase
Scheduling ).
 Determining capacity requirements and costs for phases and
secondary resources
When you create a phase or secondary resource, the system therefore
checks whether you have to enter standard values for it. If this is
required by the rules of maintenance for the resource, a message is
displayed.
 For operations , the standard values of subordinate phases
are cumulated in the operation during scheduling, capacity
requirements planning, and costing. Their standard values have no
function and are used for information purposes only.
For operations, the system therefore does not check:
 Whether you comply with the rules for maintenance of the
resource
 Whether the standard values of the operations correspond to
those of the subordinate phases
Caution
If you replace the resource of a process step with a new resource, the
standard value key of the new resource is then valid. Standard values
that you have already entered are not deleted, but can take on a new
meaning. For this reason, check all standard values after replacing a
resource.
Activities
and secondary resources on the Standard values tab page.
secondary resource.
Definition of Earliest and Latest Dates
Use
You use this function to define the offset between the start or end of a
secondary resource and the dates of the superior phases or the
superior operation.
When scheduling master recipes and process orders, the system uses
this data to determine secondary resource dates.
Features
You define the earliest and latest dates of a secondary resource by
entering the following data:
 An offset between the start date of the operation or phase and
the start date of the secondary resource
 An offset between the finish date of the operation or phase
and the finish date of the secondary resource
The secondary resource dates can both be before or after the
corresponding reference date. If the dates are before the reference
date, you enter the offset as a negative value (that is, followed by a
minus sign).
If you do not enter any offsets for a secondary resource, the system
uses the relevant reference date as the secondary resource date.
Activities
You define offsets in the detail data for the secondary resource on
the Standard values tab page. You can access the detail data from the
secondary resource overview by double-clicking the corresponding
secondary resource.
User Fields Editing
Use
You use this function to assign data fields to an operation, phase, or
secondary resource. You define the usage and meaning of these data
fields yourself. You can enter company-specific information or values
for formula parameters that are not included in the standard system.
Prerequisites
A field key has been defined in Customizing for Master Recipes , in
which the required combination of user fields is stored.
Features
By assigning a field key to an operation, phase, or secondary resource,
you specify:
 Which user fields are available in the particular object (see
below)
 Which field names or key words are used for these fields
You can then enter data in these user fields. Note that the system does
not check your entries.
Types of User Fields
Depending on the field key, up to twelve data fields with various field
formats are available. These include:
 Up to four general fields for any text
You can use them to store information about people responsible,
substitutes or telephone numbers, for example.
If the field description or keyword Downtime has been assigned to a
text field in the field key, you can use input help and input validation for
downtime elements. You can use this field to assign a downtime
element to a phase. In this way, the system can directly access the
relevant phases when determining downtimes, such as Set up or Tear
down (see Downtime ).
 Up to two quantity fields
You can assign additional formula parameters to the quantity fields in
the field key. These formula parameters enable you to use the values
of the quantity fields in the formulas of the resource to calculate
processing times, capacity requirements, and costs.
of each quantity field. Default values and their units that you have
edited in Customizing for Formula Parameters are transferred, but you
can change this data.
Caution
If you have entered data in the quantity fields and then change the field
key, the old values remain unchanged.
 Up to two value fields
of each value field.
 Up to two date fields
Here, you can enter internal start dates, for instance.
 Up to two checkboxes
You can use these to indicate whether an operation is to be included in
evaluations in the information system, for instance.
Activities
and secondary resources on the User fields tab page.
secondary resource.
Assigning Secondary Resources to
Operations/Phases
Prerequisites
 The operations and phases to which you want to assign
secondary resources
 The resources you require as secondary resources
secondary resources (see Editing Standard Texts )
Procedure
1. On the operation overview, select the operation to which you
want to assign secondary resources.
2. Choose .
3. The secondary resource overview appears.
4. On the secondary resource overview, enter the data of the
resource you want to assign.
Note
The secondary resource overview may contain default values from the
resource or recipe profile.
1. Choose .
2. If you must enter standard values for a secondary resource, the
system automatically takes you to the Standard Values screen.
Enter the standard values if required.
3. If you want to enter further detail data, double-click the
secondary resource on the secondary resource overview.
4. Choose the appropriate tab page and enter data as required. For
more information, see:
 Definition of Earliest and Latest Dates ( Standard values tab
page)
Caution
If you have replaced a resource that has been assigned somewhere in
this step, do not forget to check the standard values.
Editing Long Texts for Secondary

Resources
1. On the secondary resource overview, select the secondary
resource whose long text you want to edit.
2. Choose .
3. The text editor appears.
5. Save the text.
Deleting Secondary Resource

Assignments
1. On the secondary resource overview, select the secondary
resource whose operation or phase assignment you want to delete.
2. Choose .
The system deletes the resource assignment.
QM Data Editing
Purpose
If quality inspections are carried out during the manufacturing process, production and
inspection operations are often very closely linked with each other. For this reason, the
master recipe in the system also acts as an inspection plan for inspections during
production. This means that the team in quality management (QM) completes the
master planning data with a number of inspection specifications.
This section describes how you enter these inspection specifications while editing the
master recipe.
Prerequisites
The operations and phases of the master recipe
The basic QM data
The inspection data in the material master record of the material you want to
produce (Quality Management view)
Process Flow
In the QM data for the recipe header, you specify:
Whether the inspection is carried out with or without inspection points
Whether the inspection scope is modified dynamically and at which
level it is to take place
Depending on the decision you make, you also edit parameters for
inspection point processing and/or dynamic modification.
In the QM data of the operations or phases, you specify for example:
The inspection interval between the inspection points
Whether the quantities of time-related inspection points are added up
Whether the last partial lot is to be assigned during results recording
for the operation or phase (optional)
Using order confirmation, you can provide the quantity of the last
partial lot as a default value for goods receipt. In process
manufacturing, this usually makes no sense:
Since confirmations are triggered from within process control using
process messages
Since the processed operation quantity is required for confirmations
and may deviate from the manufactured quantity recorded for the
inspection point
You create the inspection characteristics to be checked in the
respective process step for the operations and phases of your master
recipe. For each characteristic, you specify the following:
Which sampling procedure is to be used
Whether test equipment is to be assigned to the characteristic for the
inspection
Which dynamic modification rule is to be used, provided that you have
specified in the recipe header that dynamic modification is to take
place at characteristic level
If you need test equipment to carry out the inspection, you check
whether it has been defined as production resources/tools (PRT) in the
system. If necessary, you add the missing master records.
The PRT category you use depends on the business function of the
production resource/tool (for example, PRT category “material” for
production resources/tools you want to take into account in inventory
management).
You assign the production resources/tools to the operations and
phases of your master recipe for which they are required as test
equipment.
You assign the production resources/tools assigned to the operations
or phases to the inspection characteristics that require them as test
equipment.
If you have assigned more than one header material to your master
recipe, you can assign different PRTs for each header material.
You save the master recipe.
See also:
QM - Quality Management , sections Basic Data , Inspection Planning ,
and Quality Management in the Logistical Processes
QM Data Editing in the Recipe Header
Use
If quality inspection accompanies a manufacturing process, the master
recipe takes over the role of an inspection plan.
You determine the basic data for the inspection in the QM data of the
recipe header (that is, in the data for quality management).
Prerequisites
The application component Quality Management ( QM) has been
installed in your system.
The following data has been created there:
 The inspection data in the material master record of the
material you want to produce
 If you want to modify the inspection scope dynamically
 The dynamic modification criteria of the task list origin (see
Customizing for Quality Management )
 The dynamic modification rule
Features
Using Inspection Points
In your master recipe, you plan inspections during production with
reference to the operation or phase during which the inspection is to be
carried out. If an inspection is to be repeated at a certain interval
during the operation or phase, you can use inspection points to add
more detail.
Inspection points for inspections during production are freely defined
reference objects for entering inspection results below the operation or
phase level. They summarize the results of a certain interval within an
operation or phase. The interval can be defined as referring to time (for
instance, 2 hours), a quantity (for instance, 5 containers) or any
chosen event.
 Whether you want to use inspection points
 Which field combination you use for identifying inspection
points (for instance, container and shift )
 Whether you want to combine product quantities assigned to
the inspection points in partial lots and batches
See also:
SAP Library QM - Quality Management , section Quality
Management in the Logistical Processes QM in Production
You can use dynamic modification to adjust the inspection scope to the
expected quality level:
You use a dynamic modification rule to lay down the conditions under
which inspections are tightened or reduced. The system uses this rule
to evaluate the number and results of the last inspections. From the
inspection severity determined in this way, it lays down the inspection
scope for the individual characteristics using a sampling procedure or
further dynamic modification criteria.
 Whether the inspection scope is modified dynamically
 Whether this is done at the inspection lot level or at the
inspection characteristic level, that is, with different dynamic
modification rules for individual characteristics
 Which dynamic modification rule is used
If you work at the characteristic level, this value only serves as a
default for the characteristic dynamic modification rule.
 If you work at the inspection lot level, which additional
dynamic modification criteria are used for sample determination, for
example, vendor or manufacturer
You always assign the sampling procedure to the characteristic.
See also:
SAP Library QM Quality Management , section Basic Data
External Numbering in Results Recording
For results recording, you determine the following in the recipe header:
 Whether an inspector can or must assign an external number
 Whether an external number has to be unique
Activities
To edit QM data for the recipe header, you choose Quality
management in the recipe header.
Editing QM Data for Operations/Phases
Prerequisites
The QM data for the recipe header has been created.
Procedure
1. On the operation overview, select the operation or phase for
which you want to edit QM data.
2. Choose .
3. Enter the inspection specifications.
Inspection Characteristics
Using inspection characteristics in the recipe, you identify the objects
for which an inspection is to take place and how this inspection is to be
performed. The system distinguishes between qualitative inspection
characteristics (for example, the color of the product) and quantitative
inspection characteristics (for example, the density of a material).
In the master recipe, you create inspection characteristics for the
operations and phases for which the inspection is to be carried out.
To simplify and standardize inspection planning, you can use the
following options:
 You can use master inspection characteristics, that is,
characteristics that are created as master records in quality
management.
 You can use a control key that contains default values for the
control indicator of the characteristics.
 You can maintain default values for characteristic
maintenance in the recipe profile.
See also:
QM - Quality Management , section Inspection Planning
Inspection Plans and Reference Operation Sets
Editing Inspection Characteristics for

Operations/Phases
1. On the operation overview, select the operation or phase for
which you want to edit inspection characteristics.
2. Choose .
3. Enter the characteristic data.
For more detailed information, see the SAP Library QM - Quality
Management , section Inspection Planning Inspection Plans and
Reference Operation Sets .
Deleting Inspection Characteristics

1. On the characteristic overview, select the inspection
characteristic you want to delete.
2. Choose .
The inspection characteristic is deleted in the master recipe.
Master inspection characteristics you have referenced or copied when
you created the inspection characteristic are not deleted.

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Master Recipes (PP-PI-MD)

Plan material usage during the process Material Master (LO-MD-MM)

Plan the external processing of steps in the process Purchasing (MM-PUR)

Plan quality inspections during production Quality Planning (QM-PT)

Provide data for process control Process Management (PP-PI-

Prepare cost determination using the master recipe Controlling (CO)

Plan recipe changes, document them, or make them Engineering Change

Changing the Recipe Profile from

Master Recipe Editing

Recipe Structure and Navigation

First Steps in Master Recipe Editing

Without history On the key date

With history With a change master record (change number)

With approval With an engineering change order (change number)

Creating Master Recipes

Data that is not Copied

Copying from a Template in Another Plant

Creating Master Recipes by Copying

Changing Master Recipes

Exactly one recipe The operation overview of the recipe

Several recipes of the same recipe The Recipe Overview screen of this recipe

Demand of a specific co-product The required co-product

Availability of input materials and capacities A process material

In material requirements planning, planned orders can only be

Resource Network Assignment to

Material Assignments to Recipes

Demand of a specific co-product The required co-product

Availability of input materials and capacities A process material

Editing Production Versions in the

Check production Choose Check .

Lock production In the Production version group box, choose the corresponding

Display The administrative data is displayed at the bottom of the screen.

Delete production Choose .

QM Data Editing in the Recipe Header

Editing Long Texts for Master Recipes

Master Recipe Classification

Classifying Master Recipes

Editing Recipe Header Data

Operation and Phase Data Editing

Primary Resource Assignment to

Capacity requirements planning X X

Automatic goods receipt X

Time ticket printing X X

Allocation of Control Recipe

Editing of External Processing Data

Standard Value Editing

User Fields Editing

Editing Operations/Phases on the

Create and change an operation/phase Editing Operations/Phases

Assign a phase to a different operation Assigning Phases to Different Operations

Delete an operation/phase Deleting Operations/Phases

Find an operation/phase Finding Operations/Phases

Operation/phase number X X Recipe profile

Destination ( control recipe X Recipe profile or

Resource ( primary resource ) X Taken from

Standard text key X X Resource

Assigning Phases to Different

Editing Standard Texts