U " EER MOUSE mm MME NC mT esd tte) ee eo) CT ate + Third Tone aa ‘We ttt wc yar hn ange een ee aig ea sen hed omit Chinese i tonal language. There ae fourtones in. bug (ery god) —> én ko Mandarin Chinese: fst toe, fat and high-pitched, When followed by fist, scond o fourth one thi tone is pronounced with only the dipping par. without the riing second tone rising, similar to tone wedinguetions 1210 the end, fring «so-called “alr” tone. This hal-hid tone is normally the lowest note one could pradies os —— Note that ny third-toe change oovars only orally, an not elec in the marking of he diacie marks sia Be alfa up; fourth tone, fling, ike w fim “No!” "Yi" and“bu" the two characters that mean “one” and “no,” are pronounced with fist tone) and fourth (b4) standing in English These four tones are indicated by", alone. When wed ins combintion, however, here are tone changes for bath characte. Yeyi-0 yh ee sin one, thse snd respectively, and marked over the vow! in & 1 fest, second, hid 4, #8 Siam, y ni, yi shong one day, one yar, one kin syllable (EX: ma, mi, ma). Tones ate essential oh = lege y Si fourth WP yike.yi ying jan one lesson, the sme, one piece because they distinguish words from one another, Ba: b+ 0 in English; thie tone, dipping, low fs, then rising There is also the seutal tone (indicated by not Bit, secon “EEF TM bac bin ing nore me hen el he t+ four RE. FE, FL dayi0, bi gi, bushi not want ot go, not he lacing any dicritie mark), and its pitch changes 9 0. a ee: "These changes are oral, and whether he toe mark refs any tne change in “yard bu" sat the discretion ofthe person according tthe tone preceding it bikers, ete i ‘When "uo" combines withthe Ibi inal pm and, th sin dap ot iL EX: bi “wave,” pb “to break,” md “to touch,” 6 “buddha The most widely adopted Romanization sytem for Chines sou i called Pinyin, > Wxeh “7 ombines wih palo ini ee prs a erareate fers res te « Al mts oe When nas bgianing wid “accu witha an nial, “changes 0 : EX Wasp Wool Wye ae long yng, te +] ¢[ua[o or ang [ee [omg [or] oe=y"“in”-inginend of replacing with ay adda“ before when thee ua wo [wi [ai amg [aeng [| TX Try one” myn ema ng fg, tow fe To] When ects wot an ina is sped "yy Ww ne” agin ~ ‘When fn being wih i cer without an inal“ anges tw" EX! 8 wT" hn wl bow!” wing — wing, “ing ‘When “W" ocuswitow an tala” before us PINYIN SPELLING RULES EX. Dowie" awh I= oaidoing of Toe Marks When "Wann sce wt ah ian ion Wc Erery tone i nse by placing ts one mark ove the vows inthe Mal asin NTS" afer he” GF "he" mén “door” I mxe thn ne vows nthe fal (EX alu, fo), place the EX! ul wt "par” > wi, stomach tone mak over the vowel ths sovond tof an oi black xiko “il at 6 When als beginning with 0” including "occur without an ini, he uma ranges however at vowel happens o bean“ or” plas the tone mark over SOS out and "ye add fnew the last vowel, as in xi “down,” shui “sleep. 2 ‘EX: t—+yii, “jade” flan —> yuan, “far” — in —> yin, “cloud” Common Ra 7 ees scene t [oa FORMATION OF ng [Pinyin e seem CHARACTERS mn, “+ Semantic Elements person |" | Chess chores sco formed (ESE in| [mf by par that represent etnias ‘Although these parts sometimes power | li e_ | L at a Stand “alone, most characters « poetic Elements STROKE ORDER TRADITIONAL CHARACTERS & SIMPLIFIED. cenit of to or mor parts. EX Gonss of two or mare pans. EX:* spp 90s of mode churctes area combination When you writs CHARACTERS of seman praia) anda pont element chance, in srprtant frente temae wing chances es, the msiknd ‘ Many hrc ve sini scundsbcane ofthe ofl the proper she Chine goverment hat spied! many characte since ith chu, io dae" we have common phonetic pa they she The phone order vote chet ye 950 The aeained ene, MINCE hone ne i stu“ stay” Hm te eminem he fps so i Cn Ses femanc rot tat tls ie thir Chine spree rad nd wre he hacer. etetey comet. Said in mainland Chine and in Sings whi ‘character has to o with “eye ter sharing the same Basie Rules for Stroke forse, gpemers, AEH ish wad fly Hi is the radical, or 9H biishou, ponents with different radicals, of — Order ae . ‘of this character, and 4 chui 6 4EF vingshengri: + Heft to right is sso n sementiccormponcet that bai orb, “whic” top to bottom 10 ene in it [aor ea | trea relevant explanation 10 he, uncle” re pesca) ras tess ae Ieingof te character There Ht “ype em rood ae “urinal beter! coun] fed [ain Gerson ns amos gr cette, amie _—— tions il las charcer ay 4. hin J oh (a ea ee ttn ‘met wold tit | amu | a Tabor, wore [ae on | ite || woman A imi, when standing. alone, means “eye.” but when combinedaaa eeaneenncy eee Rta) an intensifier such as “hen” (very), 1 id nt et mest ‘r “youdian™ (a til) the of ® ney frm fo the ete AT yo, Amt, me eens imate mane + TREE nat ge Fei, mn tim a tf ernally follow the S10 (Subect- (ma) solani woul cnr mere et we Merb Object pater BEE BELG? crea HRTK “Taba gh — TH i ma? sees > ‘Wo sud Zhongwen. Hee oct ing Ite at sine? Chine very cay. Chinese iseay, RO men gin {speak Chinese va tne TmlsComment Sree RAD LE menue Iaterrogatives are formed in the In spoken Chine, tps-comment Yee postr nia, Si ies’ adconinsceee folowing ways: eer ley ae aioe Daag Reet es aeons ee SAR (DWA. (AnotA)“A could be deerbing appearance ofa penon had ec lee tHecchenmetnnes ee citer an adjective o a ve See aerate Ths it CR wen ait), - ©The Tn Ppl eae et aR KAR RERRER, See en maa mtd all tnhdguin pln tg gr YL ener Taig hn iin. +28h, pobyesor ‘Are you hungry? She, yes, beau Zrinewén wins. 1 ysterds t the rary, with «few classmates, +A BR (his) B (A or By Shehas beautiful eyes, Chinese ensy + Chinese is easier aera atime A" and “B” could be noun phrases, Now-Infetional Rai. | a my lasint egies os bor eoeaeal axjoctives, or eases * No congas fr vets Ying a. ‘nthe Wbary gente rreryerrree MIR, English hard, English is mide gtges seg peek the motifed: #5 (ue Nishi Zhingaren hash Ribtnré? WO shud Zhongwen. The linking verb shi, tobe ts used {Sain a eave poncun in Egle (EX. hich, ‘Are you Chinese or Japanese? ieee. vet nous, ‘hat is placed between the wo: medifier © de + * Question Wor-formed at MPRA, mode’ {Wr queston) Ta shud Vinge, Wo si Zhong eta the He speaks Ents am Chinese i ching de 28 Gou-sine-de-sone) Da coca + Ne diincion between singular adjectives avenged by placing 2 [Entice Vos eos pla nous -R (ha “noe the acne, gen mon in AtRET? ett pre are netted in Che same wny OF seme stations whee “i” isthe subject ofa senence Xianz jd (now what tire) bs amma [sp sadeg perme algae pecan rp bp ashen: Waucsront Thaw «Book Pastas ems t= En eae! See, | LT, Be 7 w 0. meen bin, a ‘ ee et There oo ea Chinese ot ad Ea abiaes orally wsed ina cones where atone Dee Laub komt ak mean ound eae between two actions is necded. Note In a past event with time duntion Two subjects: thee mtg with er ingle: SUSVE g(t sna +82 at ate dott gn wh eda) ae ar ee ye dhe") oF with cognitive verbs that will hiner nei, Duration Sink rcinskrnaene x, SC) wahcomie ve tw ‘special particles are ‘extremely joa RRA T 22H, ost tenn wien jt Kiros nes hen ‘orotic fri completion Ty sino feng ilu. sang wd 5 ps ees Mca Ops oc ncdomtenead ie only sl thee hours fe starstrted speaking Chinese as 5 “ete gat pee Ae Seen aerate em eee ae Ha cases npn meee tao oo ‘repeated before “le”: “Zhe” tells us that an action is continuing, ERRORS ee eer esante tenstnm af ‘$+ VO+V + Ig + Time Duration [Note that this is by no means the equivalent ~ 7 shag dtant de shhos wt: Araneta ieedcte “EEE TRIER, Whe ogenietenein ght eps TE de a a sence, soveringthe cae select, Ts dng dng len ching sn. an ngng etn vero (EX. ses megs) Shs tok Chinese nc wien vat stg dcslinnev The atyou ately He tesneee ka ese ee” Negation (RAI, me = ion cameos simmered ‘waited for you fora very long time. of the state of a person or an object (EX; S+ #4 méi+V+gua+O Shas not ‘immedintely after the verb, marking the sJatences with Twe “es “appearance, posture, et. VO before ‘completion of an ation Ifa sentence contains 2 mumber or time 'S-+V + ghe+ Number + Measure Word+O fk deh fw, mF LI 1 Sentence “e" (or New Situation “e) uration where the action may continue, is ver ing the object BGA, cna ‘we adda "sentence leinew sinution kt 57 9 — A MAS. ‘WO méi qi gu0 Zhonggus, sudy! hen bobo thee ofthe sees: hs somethin i ches ‘ang jn si nan ataigane ‘similar 10 a perfective tense in English He is wearing a white shirt. (He is not ‘Thave never been to China, so | would ART. {Exh as wom 3 vans so fa ating Hon ths ent) The wo go tere is ame ‘WO bing le. ‘S+ V+ Ie + Number + Measure — Place Word + V+ zhe + Number + Interrogative Ten Word #0" ie Meare Ward +0 Sv qua +0+ 504 mais? Hae + Completed Action “te StQOVske+ Tine Durston te Mega vimes Remember aot to eysue tis “tc” 10 iA A CRIT PRT Zhi shiing xié zhe jl ge zi. PBB RAD een wes alertOccae teed Agedaaiesimtinctepen Niouges ture adyad? ty comple cons doh st gn Vania Le, iLne ge 40 cede y te ne ‘elmpentvoriowanddlinsa ie Skies Note tami ntrchangeble Tau “Come seme whens ib moat, Tank she di cha ‘i inte trate ‘hve some the projet". To wekle fo mee eES He went out holding 3 map in his hand = wand oe coir i. os , ninese adjectives can function as madtefiloengamcmce” § SMT Fle sa +B Che feces on fon % ver ‘can take an intensifier sch ‘8+ (Time Word) V + ke + Number SORT MMO Z, ‘Hold this! asst saat! sya or hoemitens $ Meare Word +0 Use it bs pies a Hint gg ee ees ASRELLT “MAR, shdching win “Cio asd w© ge ifoman of ame (HEME wn te ma wi el We jn cite yee The echo sre seking ving nt ing dove amebing Me eft Eh i oe ingen. en hepa Ke eva eet Chin) is Coven neees Renee Thad an poe his orig tetvetenh, TT ‘CONJUNCTIONS & CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS mua ei a cee ems Pave mse (EX. in "on" “before” caer z tnt manber of adjectives len) belong to category dierent [poi bala rie th ne of Ah han) fom Chae eins, tem ie is iin ote Soe cal a eel) ‘ender, colo, newok,righvwrong, ct). {iilitte understanding. Prepositions and | regardless RAMU EN Teed ster tu ey oft ayer pela cncegaeal independent nc us... ony then. snd (+ noun) becouse... therefore. Common Postpes Postpostion TS Chinese adverbs follow dierent rues than English ascr +A Chinese aver alnays eis the on above, ‘e as Secu ‘eb or aetve mois — ba = AKT. Sea yu big le. ee coke . fee True Now Chee aes doo st Pal ir tHe? oO Diag akin ma Z Resulative Complement asthe move ood” ‘Averb or an adjective canbe aod ta voto indiate the oun ofthe ation. (EX: SEE A, in SUE T Wo ng dng (1 steed and underoo),"understood” i the oxtome Hg kin Mok. ‘of listening, hence the rsative complement) English speakers een Use Just ts Very good Good omplement to express bth actions isten derstand a8 mt git” Since thee is a esl aT “les present atthe end ofthe sentence to complete the ne siuaton «pojested situation conning a esl (EX: [am sare I willbe able to ndertnd afe Titeningy however, dos not take“ + What i consiered an adverb oe : in English may not be called nancies oe a advert in Chines. Chinese eae Oo} verbs are wed 1 show extent ee poe pre ayn He a and fished He fished (eating) English savers such a slowly. ems nto. 'S+V + Resultative Complement + le * méiyiu? Aan nt — 5 WERT AR? cee ie ote mais - Ta chin edi? Did fins etn) La 3 nilindoda +V + Resalatve Complement (S " $7 nimi + V+ Resleatve Complement (No seine ee iL HER, ‘Ta mimsyou cn, ‘Note that it would be incorect to respond with only R. Hen. (Even though “Very” i comet in English) [tag ee nee ae ett wan || remain fixed dong | té—_| (iremember kin dong | HE 10 drop aot | (reposition + Noun + Posiposition) onthe [ali zhi gg gy = haan een [oan on ai “nd ho ang wi Seite raecenene BAK ERT m7 i Dae eons Wan petty et oe Wate perme seat me: i ‘toward which direction the action is moving (EX: Bx|S)ale| > vere a word on the piper.“Fh oi chi, “wo bringtake ou” et). In compound directional complement, not only the dzetion ofthe movement ‘FHA. ni cho i “bring it gut oward speaker” ee. WAKLT, ‘Taba chi gi He wale et. the speaker i inside fetehT, ‘Ten ch lie He walked out — the speaker i ouside made cla, where the speakers in elton tothe movement i alo indicated (FX. ‘umplements o indicate whethes achieving such verb-complement is posible. By placing a AF de, Deween the ver andthe esultative or drectonal complement, an finns form of patenia complement i forned by pacing a, by. an ‘Afirmatve Potential Complement | possible to nish eating | eat de wan eA possible w pick up 1 de iit fem of fie eating chin ick up kg [peek 5+ Verb de Complement + V ba Complement +? Arba EERE Nrotidewén eh? an de dng Cee aay. stleumbte wo Understand afer reading or sing understand | kin dong ane | reading : T hte dio ee tae ‘ng ej Sng bu jn - mies, BAe sbleunabe to eae | vohese Fide i Sibu zhi - wae ard Xi de dio xi bu dite aa aR ‘a de sing ‘a bu sig i = FHLR! PEER tik de gui ‘ido ba nog naa mR ni de ili! nib ga - PAs | [Pree aha = ee berunabe to remember shltunable to wash off ae sblemable to ‘rng up ‘0 ump ablenab to jump over sbletunabe to ae ek up impossible nish eating cba wan ree ‘imposible w pick up ‘4 ig i PEMA ‘The interrogative form consists ofa combination ofthe postive and the negative forms. indodingkinbuding AAT ‘hdd zhtobud - HEA ‘ingen bali os idea burbs ener dedi sibdio. ARIE desing nibushingi PRERPRER ‘odeguigi dabusoga eka degli nag FMR EER ‘lang de chal ing ba hl naee) week vo come up vith shlrunable to some up wth gdeehali anghuchiti Doers 1 desig sit bu sig - Bere, BREE continue swrting blefunable ere continue writing sieve dbus - es Note that although both affirmative and negative forms of potential complements are present in spoken Chines, the negative form sf more prevalent. Predicative Complement ‘A predicaive complement 16 descriptive complement that tells more about the verb othe result ofthe verb Ii always preceded by a AF, de. Note tat hin, is needed in an lfinmative sentence if no comparison is ini Predictive complemsnt ha sibs the VERB: Aatirmative S+V +E + + Adiestive S+Y + e+ hen + Aiiestive SY Adjective eae, “Teh de Ne He tals ast Negative SHV HE + + Adjective S+V-+ le + bu Adjective S does not V Adlestive fe TH sh debi hu He doesnt talk ist, Interrogative S+V +E 4 Adjective % Adjective +? S+V de + Adjective by Adjective +? Does S V Adictine? LABOR BRD “Ta shud de kb? Doss he ak fst? the verb takes an object, the verbs repented before ede eM RSH HO, ‘Ta xi Hinci 8 de hin io, wits Chinese characters well rcaive complement that describes the agent othe patent ‘osipisa: S+Viadjective + de + extent Sis so Adicthve that. 5 + Viadjective HF (+ O) + extent SV (Opto the extent that... Agent RIEL A ‘Taide chai fin, He was so angry ot his appt, Recipient ARE R Fe, ‘Tag de wo chibuxa fn, He got me so upset lost my appetite Complement of Degree wi ae S Adjectives + MI FORMET S Adjective + dé-+ hin/dudnidiso Sis extremely Adjective ‘Without S Adjective & T/T) $T* S Aalst usu scarey alae wk aera os ia dnote ee pects SSE R Te Es eet tthe Lod aR eee eavntd an scape ity Patan $ vad Desig objec wacker angen somes ee Hei) REST Tema dette -oaeoamePO ‘Some verbs in Chinese take an inherent (or tumny”) object when no specibic objets are indicted. The absence of sich dummy object suggests a definite object “i” EM chitin eitrice west 22.26 soo speak-specch to speak HEHE siijido slecpaleep wo alxp 8% z0ulawalkroad wo walk GF sige wrteword write AF kinsha read-book to read NCA jitoshiteach-hook to teach ARMS ‘Wo bane shudhua, Ton fel ike taking BERNE “Tab hl se He can't wet The dummy objet is no longer nosded when an cua objets indicate, eA chu shulgud co eat fait SVR sie Minal w write Chinese characters LFS shud Zrongwen to speak Chinese EONS “bi” sentence, the object, which normally ys the ver, occurs preverblly ais marked mS tV+0—+8+bi 0 +V. Generally, construction is wod when a change in or an impact on the object occurs as a result ofthe ‘vex. Hence, the verb is commonly followed by @ complement ‘Sthh+0+V— S+bk+0+ V+ Complement ‘With « Resleative Complement ait RET ‘Wo by aibwa ave Based wring the homework. ‘With a Directional Complement Wiech Fie eT ‘Ma by ban chaque Morn took the chair out ‘With s Predicative Complement See TAL “Tab yi xd ging fingling de. He cine is loses really well ‘With « Quantitative Complement dete RAT — ih [Wo ba i de zy an le bin have loked at your bomewark once. (Other elements are commonly ase after the ver in "ba sentence Tie S+hi+O+Ve thie 4-495 Ts Kosai tee [alae [e] ‘Hurry and finish your milk! eek L EST 4 He forgot my name. 7 Verb Reduplieation Sthisovvev sities 4 I, ‘Wo oi he jin yt a x have goto wash his shi Propositional Phrase Shi +0+V + Propositional Phrase te B MAREE T “Tash fing 2 zhu shang He has put the book om the desk. (Characteristics of 1 “b8” sentence: +The object is nomally something that the listener already knows from context + IF the objec is now inrmation to the Hen, a rode forthe objec is needed “Negation goes before "bi." “+ Moc adverbs (EX: Bj, 4 oi, you, ni ef.) go before “i.” + Most desripive adverbial medi¥yng the subject (EX: toring (happily), te) go before “b." "dk BEI” CONSTRUCTION ers passive woe marker. na regular $+ V +0 snictre, the foci of the sentence ison “what happened” in “D4” sentence, the focus ison "who" did “whats ina "ba" sentence, however, the focur of the sentence ison the abjeet—what is done twit and by whom.$ + V+ 00+ bik SY: Like “ta” consrcton the ven the predicate normally takes a complement that fess the cuteome ofthe verb Obie Se + bil ++ V + Complement Resultative Complement Ril RT ‘Wed KA bi a ewan My coffe was finished by hi With » ireetonal Complement RE RERAAP HRT ‘Wode dong’ be bieren na ele My sf a taken ot by somsove With a Predicatve Complement PUN FRR ALAM ‘Womende wast bei w0 tngwa ning de mange (Our place sas all messed up by my ‘With a Quandative Complement MEO TM, Tabb oh shod le yi in, He was given lecture By the teacher. ‘ther elements are common wae fier the vet i "bei" sentence Tile OF BIS + V He “eee Aca Ha T [Nid shu ie ‘Your soda was dru by bi RAR LM Mote T, Wode gnbio bai xia ta te [My wallet was stolen y a pickpocket. Prepositions O-bii+s: SE Re 1 A aT (Wo wie dein be jg Mosh The ete wrote wo you was med othe teacher by him ‘Characteristics of “bs sentence: + Thisstrctureis used verhlningly when the outcome ofthe vee is an undesimble tne exept femal oe Hiray wring +The difrece between a" sence and ‘neat has ep commer stu tha the focus of a "he entnce isthe obs wheres a topiesomment stares the Feu i Ina “ba sentence: ona eo8 7 a 8 a ew. Thecoe was Fiske hy him Ina wpiecomment semen: eee T fe hows of, he Hed +m some eases agent is ied ater “ba (0+ bli +V + complement eae Fike T Tad et el isa was sole, "In spoken Chinese, 2K ring. jo, are used interchangeably with "bai," but an agent (ihe subject) most be specified when sing ME rng andioe “io (0+ rangi? § + V+ Complement steht T= steht 7 5 ngido twa le = KA Bie wae “The coffees finshed by him in informal speech, a “Ab gO often add afer the son, Thee ae many snadets inthe lasso Ean sentences 8 C10 Be") PW sah Nowe Rem R— A, Sse it shige gichang Donna al fll” not of he dm a al elt + Setences with“ ahe™ ae: (ering PW" Vszhe-+ Number + MW + Noun err Giinshang po he ye song. *Nalkon hang she cock On the wal hangs closk SERIAL-VERB SENTENCES Te pre Nees coming 0 cesT (rSta pss) whic she te ame subs. we cll sertab-vee ‘With # ti, “to come: or ay “to 0: ndcting purpose stone's acon Deseribing Sequence af Actions HT AKA, “Tang le did gh “He listened started laughing” —+ He started laughing afer be head it Verb (V1) ax the means of Verb? (V2) HUH ABA Ak EA Wo mingtian yo 200 Fg Shingha tomorow will tke the plane go to Shanghai” + am going 6 Ay to Shanghai emorow.‘SPECIAL STRUCTURES (continued) BA, miyba, “to not MOU Wo you yige went xing we nin “Ihave one question want to ask you" —+ have a question I keto ask of you DCRUAT ESOS ‘Wien the object of the ver alo serves asthe sbject, ofthe fllowing clause, we call tht sentence a pivotal seve vor + With causative verbs AIRE Tabi ring wo gi He woulda et me go. + With verbs that involve making a choice BREAK, Women xing xin 4d baching We would lke w elect hin wo be ou lass fader, + With verbs that Et RAPT ost bi lhuanwimen sas Vinge, ‘The teacher does likes speaking English + Wit # ybu, “to have," oF UA diy, “to wot have” SH — fa Ae tk Wo you yge pgyou zhi 7 ain ave rend wo lives in Being. Na “There are two"... shda” stots, Theft one ‘is used to convey an emphatic or assuring tone, and is tsunlly easier wo compechend and use. The second type i sed fr evens that have taken pace Emphatic.) shine” PREG FINI, ‘in si bul xa a de, ‘Trust me) is ot going orn today. Past Event “9 shine” fan event his taken place and hat it is loon information for both speakers, “38.9 shide” i ‘sed focus on various aspects of such action, nanels, ‘gen, time, place, and manner. It helps to remember thse aspects by thir comesponiing question forms who, whem, where, and ho. 8 + & shi + agentonbovtime-when/place-where/ ‘mannerhow + V+0+ #9 de on S + shi + agentnhoitime-whenplaceawhers! mannerhow + V+ # de+ 0 Im spoken Chinese, it more common to place the object afer" the objects non-personal Non-Persomal Nous SURARe CH), = ULAR OHS, ‘Wo shi ian ch (20 fa) de. = ‘Wo shi bin eh de 2 fi), “Ishi 8 oelock cat (boakfst) de> | had breast at o'clock Personal Noun’ Pronoun ek AEE [ii i ml rsh? "You shi at what place met him de” —- Where di you meet hin? ry 3e04e0-b 20-4 i 1 yay cm, Se ‘©2008 BarCharts Inc: Boce Ra LER FHM, Wo shi i shoguan rns ide ‘ht im the Hibrary meet him de” —+ 1 met him in the ti. + With Agemt-Who (bjcc is normally pre-posed [a the beginning of sentence) SA AA AA ini de wf shi sh 2 de? ‘Who made supper this evening? + With Time-When : AR AR At MH fa [ide 2u0ye shi shame shou x8 de? ‘When did you do your homework? + Wi PlaceWhere ‘mea te tem 6 Nige zu shi i al ied? ‘Where did you do your homework? + With Manner-Hlove A RE RI A [ie zuiyé shi zénme xi de? How did you do your amework? wid ‘Ais the sme a B + AMD —A Agen yiying Hi & Fm RAMA SPI, ide ming gn w méimei de mings i Your nme isthe sme as my sister's Ais not the same as B—> AIKB RH Ain Bbi yiving A PMLA 2 FM Nide mingz atm wo miei de ming ba vying ‘Your sume isnot the sme a my sis’ With “AK Adjective inne + Adjective, “as adlestine 05” ‘isa Adicting a 8 —+ AIR B A adjective A gin B yiving adjective HB MAR, Wee fingjisn gn ode fing yyy “My room and your rom the same big™-» My rom is the ume sic as yours. Ais not the same in ALB HE adjective adjective HUA HOO HR — HK, Wode finan gto nde gin bi yving dk. “My room and your room not the same big” —> My room isnt the sae sz a yours ‘With 1 i, “compare” Remember: The degree modifier (a t,t mor, et) lays goes aftr the adjective in He Bi sentence, ‘Avs more adjective than B ADE adjective AM B adjective A A LK, Wade Fingitn bt nde fing “My room comparing your oom big” > [My room is biguer than yous. A‘ allile mare adjective dan 8 AYE Badjective “2b AbIB adjective yidian Ra A veh AB, ‘Wee fing bi nde fing yin, “My 00m comparing your room big a litle” —+ My room isa tle Bigger than your Bo ‘A gin B DO yiying So NOTE'TO STUDENT: This QulkStady" Guides inten ox an culn only i as 4c, cnn ice pect ofthis subject ts tended for ses aplemen fr coursework and texibooks nt ‘space orth, Some ears may vary de to differences in reonal inet ara, ic is riers ad des are not expanse rH forthe ae ot mise of the ffm ented nis took Al ight excrved’ No part of pubaton may be eps rane in ay Frm, of ani insing potas. rscding cay akan si mission fo te pubes FL 8508 ee ‘Ais alot mors adjective than AY Badjotve HE F/B TABI adjective de day 5 le ROB ML ed MAIS )S T ‘Wode fingian bi nde fini de dud “My room comparing your room big 8 at” — ‘My room aot bigger than your ‘Aiseven mare adjective than B ~ AX HR adjective | ADIH ping ajectve A A ct BR ‘Wosde fngitn bi ade fing eng “My room comparing your room even big” — "My room is even bigger than yours. Wut SLAF mesa (Neaton form ofA BB Adjecie") Ais as adjective as B implying A reaches the extent whore Bis) AA B CERI R, adctive ‘A you B (hézmeinime adjective KH EAADERS, Wo did y6u Yio Ming nme gio “My younger brother bas Yao. Ming cht tall” My younger brothers a alas Yap Ming fsa adjective as B AA BCLRIIER adjctive ‘A meiyou 8 (zhémenime) aajectve ABRAMS, Wo didi méiybu Vo Ming ire go. My younger brother not has Yoo Ming that tll” My younger brothers nota ll 5 Yao Ming With ZEEE bib — (NOT negation fonm of "A BEB adjective,” at might appear du othe clos snilaiy in strate. There is morally a context for this strate tocar) ‘Ais matamy mare ajeetive than 8 —+ ABH Badjecive — Abibl Badctve OXRE ELEM Riven bib Zhdngwen rdney Japanese snot any cai tha Chinese. With 3 bird, “not as good” As nota good 8 B > Ate AbieG DB fe RI, Tade chéngi bi Ww is grades are not as good a mine, Ais mabas adjective aj B (Note that hough this stricture silat "A méiyou B adwtive."adjectiver ‘sed afer are normally lated desirable atbater (EX mar prey” et) Aw Badjective | Abii B adjective RHA Rae mL AFeE, “Ta judd Meiguics bi Zhongici hich, He thinks American foe sty 8 Chinese fod, ATONE To inate ht an action OF was progres spy pat 11°28” befoe the ver. The focus son the conning ofthe action, whereas aspect marker" zhe™ Focuses on the at of being Ss tai + Stet IN air shénme? What are you doing? FLA, Wo 24 msn. am cooking re ages Fics at quic! si udy.. com dH ‘ 00421 and