Translation Reference Manual

SIM4ME
Translation of Models
Invensys – SimSci-Esscor
5760 Fleet Street, Ste. 100,
Carlsbad, CA 92008
2005
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Esscor, 5760 Fleet Street, Ste. 100, Carlsbad, CA 92008.
Table of Contents
Introduction and Overview on Translators..................................1
Process Representations ................................................................................ 1
A Two-Stage Translation ................................................................................. 2
Rules for Equipment Additions ........................................................................ 3
Supported Equipment Models and Thermodynamics................5
Unit Operations................................................................................................ 5
Thermodynamics Options................................................................................ 5
Translation Reports ......................................................................................... 6
Application Briefs..........................................................................7
HYSYS™ – PRO/II .......................................................................................... 7
HYSYS™ - ROMeo ......................................................................................... 8
HYSYS™ - Dynsim.......................................................................................... 8
Unit Translations .........................................................................10
Air Cooler....................................................................................................... 10
Column .......................................................................................................... 12
Compressor ................................................................................................... 28
Continuous Strirred Tank Reactor................................................................. 40
Conversion Reactor....................................................................................... 45
Equilibrium Reactor ....................................................................................... 51
Expander ....................................................................................................... 57
Fired Heater................................................................................................... 65
Flash .............................................................................................................. 69
Gibbs Reactor................................................................................................ 78
LNG Exchanger ............................................................................................. 82
Mixer .............................................................................................................. 84
Pipe................................................................................................................ 89
Plug Flow Reactor ......................................................................................... 99
Pump ........................................................................................................... 104
Reset ........................................................................................................... 111
Reaction Set ................................................................................................ 116
Rigorous Heat Exchanger ........................................................................... 122
Shortcut Column.......................................................................................... 137
Simple Heat Exchanger............................................................................... 140
Spec, Vary and Define................................................................................. 153
Splitter.......................................................................................................... 160
Stream ......................................................................................................... 165
Stream Calculator........................................................................................ 169
Valve............................................................................................................ 171
Validation ...................................................................................178
Feed Validation............................................................................................ 178
Product Validation ....................................................................................... 178
Global Validation - Dynsim ......................................................................... 178
Pressure Imbalance..................................................................................... 179
SIM4ME i
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Translation of PRO/II Models
Introduction and Overview on Translators

Process Representations
SimSci-Esscor offers many different software products tailored to suit specific process simulation
applications. For example, there is PRO/II for steady state simulation, Dynsim for dynamic
simulation and ROMeo for process optimization and performance monitoring. Each of these
software offerings follows a process flow sheet paradigm, but their respective flow sheets differ
in appearance because they are customized to be optimal for their particular application.
Lets consider modeling a process valve as illustrated below:
Source: I&CS Magazine, April 1999, PennWell Publishing
A design engineer would create a PRO/II model and the resulting flow sheet would appear as:
For design purposes, the engineer is primarily interested in any phase-split through the valve and
the size of the valve for a specified design flow rate.
Now consider the analogous flow sheet within Dynsim, perhaps generated by a control engineer:
The heart of this flow sheet is still the same valve, but in this flow sheet, Source & Sink
equipment representing the process battery limits are explicitly represented because their state
SIM4ME 1
determines the flow rates during a dynamic simulation. Recall that in dynamic simulation, all
flows are calculated from varying pressures and reverse flow is possible. In addition, since the
flow rate is no longer a specified quantity, but a dynamically calculated one, a control scheme
may be required to drive the process toward a desired flow rate via a set point.
Now consider the same PRO/II flowsheet within ROMeo. Notice that additional instruments like
flow meter, temperature probe have been added. These instruments represent the actual field data
and are useful in conducting online optimization or performance monitoring.
A Two-Stage Translation
At this point, it should be possible to ascertain why SimSci-Esscor supports these different views
of the same process. A need was seen to arrive at a program where the user can use the same
simulation and perform different studies. Thus, the Translator provides interoperability between
programs and gives the user more functionality and flexibility than the programs working
independently.
The process of translation occurs in two stages:
• PRO/II to Common Data Model

• Common Data Model to Dynsim or ROMeo.
To help clarify this, lets consider the following PRO/II flow sheet of a multi-feed valve:
In its sustained efforts to be very user friendly, PRO/II allows the user to take many short cuts
when constructing a flow sheet. For instance, in reality, streams don’t just originate or terminate
into thin air. They are connected to a feed or product tank or another process. Similarly, you will
never see a multiple streams (i.e., pipes) directly flowing into a valve; they will need to be
initially mixed in some sort of mixer, header or tank. Thus, the representation of this process in
the “Common Data Model” will be:
SIM4ME 2
To arrive at the minimal physical representation, the model was altered from four streams and
one-piece equipment to five streams and six pieces of equipment. This configuration will allow
for a more realistic translation into other flow sheet styles, be it Dynsim or ROMeo.
The second step of the translation is to move from the “Common Data Model” representation to
an actual Dynsim or ROMeo flow sheet. Here, additional equipment may be introduced to satisfy
the requirements of this software.
Consider the resulting Dynsim flow sheet:
Dynsim employs a pressure/flow solver which mandates that all pressure node devices (tanks,
separators, sources, sinks) be separated by flow devices (valves, pipes) relative to process stream
connectivity. Thus, three additional valves were introduced to satisfy this software specific
requirement. In the end, a single valve model in PRO/II yielded a Dynsim flow sheet with nine
pieces of equipment.
SimSci-Esscor addresses translation from PRO/II to Dynsim and PRO/II to ROMeo for
now.
Rules for Equipment Additions
It should be clear from the preceding example, that a set of simple rules is employed when
translating a flow sheet from PRO/II to the “Common Data Model” and subsequently to Dynsim.
These can be summarized as follows:
In the “Common Data Model”
• All streams will be connected at both ends to equipment.

• PRO/II streams with a non-connected end will force the introduction of a Source unit.
• Flow devices (i.e., valves, pipes) will have only a single input and single output.
• PRO/II flow devices with multiple feeds or products will force the introduction of a
mixing or splitting device (i.e., a header or drum).
SIM4ME 3
Now moving to the Dynsim flow sheet, this software requires
• All pressure node devices must be separated by a flow device

• Two, directly connected pressure node devices from the “Common Data Model” will
force the introduction of a valve, namely the default flow device
• Flow should follow a negative pressure gradient
• Flow paths with a positive pressure gradient will force the introduction of a stream set
unit.
Comprehending these rules should eliminate any ambiguity resulting from the added complexity
of your dynamic flow sheet.
SIM4ME 4
Supported Equipment Models and Thermodynamics
The functionalities applicable to PRO/II, Dynsim, and ROMeo environments, which were
considered during this integration, are detailed below.
The initial model will involve retrieving data from a PRO/II database having a limited set of unit
operations (i.e., stream, valve, etc) mapping it into a set of Dynsim or ROMeo equipment models
(i.e., source, stream, valve, sink, etc) and saving it in a relevant Dynsim or ROMeo database.
Mapping will be accomplished using the quickest possible implementation and using only a
minimal supporting framework.
Unit Operations
The functionalities included in this integration are listed below.
• Air Cooler • Pipe

• Column • Pump
• Compressor • Reaction Set
• Conversion Reactor • Reset
• Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor • Rigorous Exchanger
• Equilibrium Reactor • ShortCut Column
• Expander • Simple Exchanger
• Fired Heater • Spec, Vary and Define
• Flash • Splitter
• Gibbs Reactor • Streams
• LNG Exchanger • Stream Cutter
• Mixer • Valve and Relief Valve
• Plug Flow Reactor
Thermodynamics Options
Accurate modeling relies on a strong foundation of thermo physical property prediction. Specific
thermodynamics methods that have been utilized during this integration are as follows:
• Henry’s Law /EOS
• Density Methods: Rackett & Costald
• Packages: Glycol, Amine & Alcohol
• UOM conversions by UOM server
• Library Manager
For a HYSYS™ to PRO/II translation, the thermodynamic options are listed in the Quick
Reference Guide.
SIM4ME 5
Translation Reports
The presentation of data in a consistent format is critical. All status messages are routed to the
Dynsim message monitor.
Tables, Reports and Trends will be in their inherent format as in Dynsim environment. However,
it is to be noted that certain reporting functionality available in PRO/II may not be available in
Dynsim.
SIM4ME 6
Application Briefs
This HYSYS™ Application briefs (*.xml) provided with PRO/II illustrate the use of Translator to
solve a wide range of typical industrial problems. The set of application briefs provide a
reference to various HYSYS™ scenarios, their corresponding translations in PRO/II, Dynsim,
ROMeo and what the typical results might be.
The Application briefs are divided into industry segements and are classified as: Gas Processing,
Refining and Petrochemical. The list of supported Application briefs are located in
\\SIMSCI\Proii71\User\Applib of your installed program.
HYSYS™ – PRO/II
Gas Processing
1. Deethanizer – Separation of ethane and lighter components from light hydrocarbon gas
stream.
2. Refrigeration loop – Effect on refrigeration loop of losing auxiliary cooling duty.
3. Compressor train – Selection of compressors for transportation of gas stream by a

pipeline.
4. Expander plant – Separation of methane and lighter components from production gas.
5. Assay debutanizer – Separation of methane and higher gases from hydrocarbon stream.
Refining
1. Crude oil distillation – Atmospheric distillation of crude oil.
2. Stabilizer – Wild naphtha stream stabilization column.
Petrochemical
1. C3 Splitter – Propane/propylene splitter.
2. C2 Splitter – Ethane/Ethylene splitter.
3. BTX Separation – Benzene, Tolune and Xylene separator.
SIM4ME 7
HYSYS™ - ROMeo
Gas Processing
stream.

pipeline.
Refining
1. Stabilizer – Wild naphtha stream stabilization column (Set vapor enthalpy method to
Redlich - Kwong).
Petrochemical
1. C3 Splitter – Propane/propylene splitter
2. C2 Splitter – Ethane/Ethylene splitter (Check the customization block).
HYSYS™ - Dynsim
For files containing Column, set Hydraulic properties in PRO/II for proper sizing of Column in
Dynsim and stable steady state.
You may have to check whether the PRO/II flowsheet adheres to the Dynsim flow-pressure
solver rules in order to get a stable steady state in Dynsim.
Gas Processing
stream.

pipeline.
SIM4ME 8
Refining
1. Crude oil distillation – Atmospheric distillation of crude oil (Set vapor enthalpy method
to Redlich - Kwong).
2. Stabilizer – Wild naphtha stream stabilization column (Set vapor enthalpy method to
Redlich - Kwong).
Petrochemical
1. C3 Splitter – Propane/propylene splitter.
2. C2 Splitter – Ethane/Ethylene splitter.
3. BTX Separation – Benzene, Tolune and Xylene separator.
SIM4ME 9
Unit Translations
The SIM4ME Translator is the infrastructure used to convert simulation data files from one
simulation engine to another. The first version supports conversion from PRO/II to Dynsim, the
second version PRO/II to ROMeo and the third version from HYSYS™ to PRO/II.
Air Cooler
This section describes the scope and various scenarios of a HYSYS™ Air Cooler translation to a
PRO/II Utility Excahnger.
Base PRO/II Model – Utility Exchanger
Introduction and Usage of the Model
PRO/II Utility Exchanger is a single sided heat exchanger with utility being defined on the other
side. Air can be mapped as utility fluid on the cold side while the process fluid is mapped on the
hot side.
Parameters
Utility HX Parameter UOM Description

HotProdTempCalc K Process Stream Outlet temperature
DutyCalc KJ/sec Air Cooler Duty
FeedData Feed Streams
ProductData Product Streams
SpecTypeFlag Specification Type Flag
UtilityPresCalc Utility Stream Outlet Pressure
HxSides Heat Exchanger Side Type Flag
HotPressDropCalc KPa Process Stream Pressure Drop
ColdPressDropCalc KPa Utility Stream Pressure Drop
NumberOfTubePass Number of Tube Pass
NumberOfShellPass Number of Shell Pass
UtilityFlowRate Kg-mol/sec Utility Flow Rate
UtilityTempIn K Utility Inlet Temperature
UtilityTempOutCalc K Utility Outlet Temperature
UtilityFluidFlag Utility Fluid Type
UtilitySideFlag Utility Fluid Side Flag
Equivalent Hysys Model – Air Cooler
Introduction of the Model
HYSYS™ Air Cooler unit operation uses an ideal “inbuilt” air mixture as a heat transfer medium
to cool an inlet process stream to a required exit stream condition. One or more fans circulate the
air through bundles of tubes to cool process fluids. The airflow rate can be specified or calculated
from the fan rating information. The Air Cooler can solve for sets of specification including:
• Overall heat transfer coefficient, UA
• Total air flow
SIM4ME 10
• Exit stream Temperature

Parameters
Parameter/Variable Type Description

FeedStreams STRINGARRAY Process Feed Stream
ProdStreams STRINGARRAY Process Product Stream
PressureDrop FLOAT Process Pressure Drop
AirInletTemperature FLOAT Air Inlet Temperature
AirOutletTemperature FLOAT Air Outlet Temperature
UA FLOAT Overall heat transfer coefficient
AirVolume FLOAT Air Volume
Configuration STRING Air Cooler Configuration
NumberOfFans LONG Number of Fans
TotalAirFlow FLOAT Total Air Flow
Common Data Base Structure
ProII Simple HX TL Utility Exchanger

Hysys Air Cooler Parameters
Parameters Parameter
FeedData FeedStreams FeedStreams
ProductData ProdStreams ProdStreams
HotPressDropCalc Process.PressureDrop PressureDrop
UtilityTempIn Utility.FeedTemperature AirInletTemperature
UtilityTempOutCalc Utility.ProdTemperature AirOutletTemperature
UaCalc UAValue UA
AirVolume
NumberOfTubePass NumberOfTubePass
Configuration
NumberOfShellPass NumberOfShellPass
NumberOfFans
UtilityFlowRate Utility.MassFlow TotalAirFlow
UtilityFluidFlag UtilityFluidFlag
UtilitySideFlag UtilitySideFlag
HxSides HxSides
SpecTypeFlag SpecTypeFlag
HotProdTempCalc
UtilityPresCalc Process.Press
SIM4ME 11
Column
Base PRO/II Model
The PRO/II Column supports various features. Please refer to the PRO/II Reference
manual for details.
Parameters
The parameters that are used in the translation are from different PRO/II classes, namely Column,
“ColumnIn” and “TraySizRat”. The parameters from the “Column” class alone are not sufficient
for the translation. Therefore, we use parameters from the other classes too. The UOM for the
parameters are based on the P2Internal UOM Slate.
Parameter UOM Description

NumberOfTrays Number of trays in the column
NumComps Number of components
TrayTemperatures K Tray temperatures
TrayPressures kPa Tray pressures
TrayNetVapRates kg-mol/sec Tray net vapor rates
TrayNetLiqRates kg-mol/sec Tray net liquid rates
TrayTotalVaporRates kg-mol/sec Tray total vapor rates
TrayTotalLiqRates kg-mol/sec Tray net liquid rates
TrayL1TotalRate kg-mol/sec Tray net liquid1 rates
TrayL2TotalRate kg-mol/sec Tray net liquid2 rates
TrayVaporMolarEnth kJ/ kg-mol Tray vapor molar enthalpy
TrayLiquidMolarEnth kJ/ kg-mol Tray liquid molar enthalpy
TrayVaporMoleFracs fraction Tray vapor compositions
TrayLiquidMoleFracs fraction Tray liquid compositions
TrayL1MolFrac fraction Tray liquid1 compositions
TrayL2MolFrac fraction Tray liquid2 compositions
TrayNumOfLiqPhases Number of liquid phases in tray
TrayVleKValues Tray VLE K values
CurrentFeeds Current number of feeds to the unit
CurrentProducts Current number of products from the unit
ThermoClassVLLEFlg VLLE thermo flag
VlleCheckFlag VLLE checking flag
FreeWaterFlag Free water flag
CondenserCode Condenser flag
ReboilerCode Reboiler flag
NumberOfHeaters Number of heaters
HeaterNames Heater names
HeaterRegOrPAFlag Regular or pump-around heater flag
HeaterTrayLoc Heater tray location
HeaterDuties kJ Heater duties
SIM4ME 12

HeatLeak kJ Heat leaks
ThermosiphonRebFlag Thermo-siphon reboiler flag
FeedSeparateFlag Separate feeds flag
OverallFeedSep Separate all or individual feeds flag
IndFeedSepFlag Separate flag for individual feeds
PckngTotNumSect Total number of packed sections
NumberOfFlashZones Number of flash zones
TrayEfficFlag Tray efficiency method
TrayEfficiencyFactor Efficiency factor for tray efficiencies
TrayEfficiency Tray efficiencies
NumOfCompEffTrays1 Number of tray component-efficiency trays
Number of tray component-efficiency
NumOfCompEfCompsSet1 components
TrayCompEffPrmry Array of user specified component-efficiencies
Array of component-efficiencies PRO\II actually
TrayCompEffThird uses
Current number of pseudo-products from the
CurrentPseudoProds unit
PseudoProdData Pseudo-product streams from unit
TFlowPhaseFlag Total flow pseudo-product phase flag
TFlowTrayNum Total flow pseudo-product tray numbers
ThermoSRebFeed Pseudo-stream of feed to thermo-siphon reboiler
Pseudo-stream of liquid product from thermo-
ThermoSRebLiqProd siphon reboiler
Pseudo-stream of vapor product from thermo-
ThermoSRebVapProd siphon reboiler
NumberOfTlowPas Number of pseudo pump-around streams
PmpArTFlowTrayFrom Pseudo pump-around streams tray numbers
PmpArTFlowPhaseFlag Pseudo pump-around streams phase flag
NumberOfPumparounds Number of pump-arounds
PumparoundNames Pump-around names
PumpAroundType Pumparound specification type
PumpAroundTrayFrom Pump-around from-tray numbers
PumpAroundTrayTo Pump-around to-tray numbers
PumpAroundPhase1 Pump-around phase
PumpAroundPhase2 Pump-around return phase
PumpAroundTdTFlag Pump-around return temperature specification
PumpAroundHeaterNum Pump-around heater number
PumpAroundMolRate kg-mol/sec Pump-around molar rate
PumpAroundEnthalpy kJ Pump-around return enthalpy
PumpAroundPressure kPa Pump-around return pressure
Pump-around return temperature or temperature
PumpAroundTempOrDT K drop
PumpAroundLiqFrac fraction Pump-around return liquid fraction
RxnPresentFlag Reactions present in column flag
Mole Tray vapor molecular weights (calculated using
~TrayVaporMW Weight P2OLEDBS during translation)
SIM4ME 13

Tray vapor densities (calculated using
~TrayVaporDensity kg/m3 P2OLEDBS during translation)
Mole Tray liquid molecular weights (calculated using
~TrayLiquidMW Weight P2OLEDBS during translation)
Tray liquid densities (calculated using
~TrayLiquidDensity kg/m3 P2OLEDBS during translation)
~COMPSLATE Component slate (default – ALL)
ColumnIn Parameters
FeedData Feed stream IDs
FeedTrays Feed tray numbers
ProductData Product stream IDs
ProdTrays Product tray numbers
ProdType Product types
Flag to determine whether or not multiple thermo
ColMultThermoFlag
methods are used
ColThermoMethod Column thermo method
TrayThermoMethod Tray thermo methods
TFlowStreamIDs Total flow pseudo-product stream ids
PmpArTFlowStreamIDs Pump-around pseudo stream ids
TraySizRat Parameters
NumOfTraySizingSects Number of sizing sections
NumOfTrayRatingSects Number of rating sections
Tray sizing: pressure drop scaling value for
SizingPressDropScal
calculation time
SizingFirstTray Tray sizing: first tray in section
SizingLastTray Tray sizing: last tray in section
SizingTrayType Tray sizing: tray type
DumSR12 m Tray sizing: tray diameter
SizingTraySpacing m Tray sizing: tray spacing
Tray rating: pressure drop scaling value for
RatingPressDropScal
calculation time
RatingFirstTray Tray rating: first tray in section
RatingLastTray Tray rating: last tray in section
RatingTrayType Tray rating: tray type
RatingTrayDiameter m Tray rating: tray diameter
RatingTraySpacing m Tray rating: tray spacing
RatingWeirHeight m Tray rating: weir height
DumSR17 kPa Tray pressure drop
DumSR07 Tray sizing: number of passes
RatingNumberOfPasses Tray rating: number of passes
DumSR08 Tray sizing: number of valves or caps
DummyI27 Tray rating: number of valves or caps
SIM4ME 14

RatingVSorCdiam m Tray rating: valve, sieve, or cap diameter
RatingPctSvHoleArea percent Tray rating: sieve hole area
DumSR20 m Tray side down-comer width
DumSR21 m Tray center down-comer width
DumSR22 m Tray off-Center down-comer width
DumSR23 m Tray off-Side down-comer width
Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models
Introduction and Usage of the Model(s)
The PRO/II column translates into various models in Dynsim. Depending on the feature being
exercised in PRO/II, in addition to the Column, other models such as the Utility-Exchanger,
Pump, Drum, Separator, Source, Stream and Pipe may also used. Please refer to the Dynsim
Base Equipment Reference Manual for details on their usage.
Parameters
This section lists the Dynsim parameters that are set by the translator for the Column and
Separator models. Please refer to the appropriate functional specification documents for the
parameter lists of the other models. The UOM for the parameters are based on the DSInternal
UOM Slate.
Static Parameters - Column

NTRAY Number of Trays
OFEEDSTREAM Feed streams
OPRODSTREAM Product streams
BASEFEEDVAPOR Vapor feed stream from the base model
BASEPRODLIQUID Liquid product stream to the base model
FEEDTRAY Feed tray location
PRODTRAY Product tray location
MM kg Column total metal mass
VOLVAP m3 Column vapor holdup volume
LX m Outlet port height
COMPSLATE Component slate
METHODSLATE Method slate
INTERNALPHASES Phases for internal flash
TRAYDATA Tray data option
E m Relative elevation
OBASE Base model name
UL kW/m2-K Loss heat transfer coefficient
Tray
DIA m Tray diameter
SPACING m Tray spacing
WEIRHEIGHT m Weir height
SIM4ME 15

AERATIONFACTOR fraction Aeration fraction
DOWNCOMERAREAFRAC fraction Down-comer area fraction on the tray
WEIRLENGTHFRAC fraction Weir length fraction
HOLEAREAFRAC fraction Hole area fraction on the tray
KLRECYCLE fraction Liquid recycle tuning constant
TRAYFACTOR fraction Tray factor
WEEPVAPFLOW kg-mol/sec Weep vapor flow
KJ Flow conductance factor
TRAYEFF fraction Tray efficiency
PASSES Number of passes
Separator
ORIENTATION Separator orientation
OFEEDSTREAM Feed streams
OPRODSTREAM Product streams
LI m Height of inlet port
LX m Height of outlet port
LEN m Vessel length
DIA m Vessel diameter
KVRECYCLE 1/sec Vapor Recycle tuning constant
KLRECYCLE 1/sec Liquid Recycle tuning constant
METHODSLATE Method slate
INTERNALPHASES Phases for internal flash
FEEDSTREAMSIDE Side assignment for Feed streams (weir
present)
PRODSTREAMSIDE Side assignment for Liquid-port streams
(weir present)
HEIGHTWEIR m Weir Height
DISTWEIR m Weir Length
State Parameters - Column

P kPa Pressure
MV kg-mol Total composition state
UTV kJ Total internal energy state
Tray
P kPa Pressure
UT kJ Total internal energy state
TM K Metal temperature
FV kg-mol/sec Vapor product mole flow rate
MWV Mole Weight Vapor product molecular weight
RV kg-mol/m3 Vapor product mole density
QIMP kJ/sec Imposed heat to fluid
SIM4ME 16

M kg-mol Total composition state
Separator
QIMPL kJ/sec Imposed heat to liquid
P kPa Pressure
MV kg-mol Total vapor holdup composition state
ML kg-mol Total liquid holdup composition state
UTV kJ Total vapor holdup internal energy state
UTL kJ Total liquid holdup internal energy state
MLR kg-mol Total liquid holdup composition state (right
side of weir)
UTLR kJ Total liquid holdup internal energy state
(right side of weir)
QIMPLR kJ/sec Imposed heat to liquid (right side of weir)
Equivalent ROMeo Model / Models
Please refer to the ROMeo Reference Manual for details on the ROMeo Column model.
Parameters
This section lists the ROMeo parameters that are set by the translator for the Column. The
ROMeo Column model aggregates one or more “TrayedSection” models. The translated column
will contain one TrayedSection model named “TrSct_1” or “PckSct_1.” The UOM for the
parameters are based on the RMInternal UOM Slate.

~FeedStreams Feed streams
~ProdStreams Product streams
~FeedPorts Ports to which feed streams are connected to
~ProdPorts Ports to which product streams are
connected to
TopTempEstimate K Minimum temperature estimate
BotTempEstimate K Maximum temperature estimate
~COMPSLATE Component slate
~MethodSlate Method slate
~SideHeaterNames Side heater/cooler names
~SideHeaterTrayedSectNames Side heater/cooler trayedsection name s
~SideHeaterTrayLoc Side heater/cooler tray locations
~SideHeaterDuties Side heater/cooler duties
~SideHeaterDeferSpecsToColumn Side heater/cooler defer spec to column flag
SIM4ME 17
TrayedSection
SectionType Section configuration
InitialNumOfTrays Number of trays
FeedTray[Trays, Feed] Tray location of feed
DrawTray[Trays, Draws] Tray location of product
DrawPhase[Draws] Phase of the draw/product stream
ProdStreamSpecOption[Draws] Specification on the draw/product
stream
~TrayL2Present[Trays] Liquid2 presence flag.
v_BtmEquipPres kPa Bottom pressure of trayed section
v_NetVap[Stages] kg-mol/sec Net vapor rate leaving stage
v_NetLiq1[Stages] kg-mol/sec Net liquid1 rate leaving stage
v_NetLiq2[Stages] kg-mol/sec Net liquid2 rate leaving stage
v_TotVap[Stages] kg-mol/sec Total vapor rate leaving stage
v_TotLiq1[Stages] kg-mol/sec Total liquid1 rate leaving stage
v_TotLiq2[Stages] kg-mol/sec Total liquid2 rate leaving stage
v_StagePres[Stages] kPa Stage pressure
v_StageTemp[Stages] K Stage temperature
v_TrayPres[Trays] kPa Tray pressure
v_TrayTemp[Trays] K Tray temperature
v_DeltaPresPerTray[Trays] kPa Delta pressure per tray
v_HeatLeak[Stages] kJ/sec Stage heat leaks
PIntrp.v_DeltaPresPerStage[Stages] kPa Pressure interpolation model – Delta
pressure per stage
TIntrp.v_DeltaTempPerStage[Stages] K Temperature interpolation model -
Delta temperature per stage
TIntrp.v_DeltaTempPerTray[Trays] K Temperature interpolation model -
Delta temperature per tray
Vap[Stages].v_MoleFrac[Comps] fraction Stage vapor composition
Liq1[Stages].v_MoleFrac[Comps] fraction Stage liquid1 composition
Liq1[Stages].v_SumMoleFrac fraction Stage liquid1 sum of mole fractions
Liq2[Stages].v_MoleFrac[Comps] fraction Stage liquid2 composition
Liq2[Stages].v_SumMoleFrac fraction Stage liquid2 sum of mole fractions
~SelectedEffModelType Tray efficiency type
DefaultEfficiency Default tray efficiency
~SplitMapSection Tray numbers of the last trays of tray
efficiency mapsections
v_MapSectionEfficiency[MapSections] Mapsection efficiencies
SIM4ME 18
Equivalent HYSYS Model: Column - Trayed Section/Condensor/Reboiler
HYSYS™ supports several prebuilt column configurations. The basic column templates are
Absorber, Liquid-Liquid Extractor, Reboiled Absorber, Refluxed Absorber, Distillation and
Three Phase Distillation. These templates are subflowsheets (collections of units) that contain
different combinations of Tray Section, Condenser and Reboiler units. For example, the Absorber
contains only the Tray Section while the Distillation column contains a reboiler and condenser in
addition to the Tray Section. Please refer to the Hysys Reference Manual for more details on the
Column model.
Besides the Tray Section, Condenser and Reboiler, the column subflowsheet can contain other
units such as Heater, Cooler, Separator, Pump, Valve, etc. The units in the column subflowsheet
are mapped as separate units.
Parameters
This section lists the HYSYS™ parameters that are accessed by the translator for the Column
specific models. The UOM for the parameters are based on the HYSYS™ internal units.
Since the column is a special type of subflowsheet, some of the data on the column (like
TrayPresssures, TrayNetLiquidRates, TrayNetVaporRates, Column Specifications,
PumpArounds, etc) is saved in column subflowsheet objects such as as AbsorberObject,
DistillationObject, etc. We refer to these column subflowsheet objects as ColumnSubFS objects.
These ColumnSubFS objects are different from the regular subflowsheet objects, which serve as a
container for the objects within.
ColumnSubFS Parameters
ColumnSubFS Parameter UOM Description

~OrigClassName Original classname -
AbsorberObject, DistillationObject,
etc.
~SubFlowSheetName Name of the corresponding regular
subflowsheet object
TopDownFlag ALIAS Flag for naming of stages (1 is
ColumnTopBtmPressure.ColumnStageNumbering TopDown, 0 is BottomUp)
ColTopPress ALIAS kPa Pressure of first stage
ColumnTopBtmPressure.ColumnTopPressure
ColBtmPress ALIAS kPa Pressure of last stage
ColumnTopBtmPressure.ColumnBtmPressure
ColTopPressStatus ALIAS Top pressure specification flag
ColumnTopBtmPressure.ColumnTopPressure.Status
ColBtmPressStatus ALIAS Bottom pressure specification flag
ColumnTopBtmPressure.ColumnBtmPressure.Status
TrayPressures ALIAS kPa Stage pressures (includes all stages -
ColumnInfo.StagePressure.x_StgPressureInfo. tray section, condenser, reboiler
StagePressureValue.Value stages, etc.)
TrayPressStageNumbers ALIAS Stage pressure stage numbers
SIM4ME 19

ColumnInfo.StagePressure.x_StgPressureInfo.StageN
umber
TrayPressStageNames ALIAS Stage pressure stage names
ColumnInfo.StagePressure.x_StgPressureInfo.StageIn
dex
TrayPressStatus ALIAS Stage pressure specification status
ColumnInfo.StagePressure.x_StgPressureInfo.
StagePressureValue.Status
TrayTemperatures ALIAS K Stage temperatures
OptionalEstimation.x_EstimationSet.
OptionalTemperatureEstimate
TrayNetVapRates ALIAS kg- Stage net vapor rates
OptionalEstimation.x_EstimationSet. mol/sec
OptionalNetVapoutEstimate
TrayNetLiqRates ALIAS kg- Stage net liquid rates
OptionalEstimation.x_EstimationSet. mol/sec
OptionalNetLiquidEstimate
TrayLiqComposition ALIAS fraction Stage liquid composition
CompositionEstimatesLiqData.
x_StageLiquidCompositionEstimatesInfo.x_Composit
ionEstimatesLiq. ComponentLiqEstimate
TrayVapComposition ALIAS fraction Stage vapor composition
CompositionEstimatesVapData.
x_StageVapourCompositionEstimatesInfo.
x_CompositionEstimatesVap.ComponentVapEstimate
FeedInternalStreams ALIAS Internal feed streams to
ConnectionInfo.FeedStreams.x_FeedStreamSet.Intern subflowsheet
alStream.TaggedName
FeedExternalStreams ALIAS External feed streams to
ConnectionInfo.FeedStreams.x_FeedStreamSet.Extern subflowsheet
alStream.TaggedName
ProdInternalStreams ALIAS Internal product streams from
ConnectionInfo.ProductStreams.x_ProductStreamSet.I subflowsheet
nternalStream.TaggedName
ProdExternalStreams ALIAS External product streams from
ConnectionInfo.ProductStreams.x_ProductStreamSet. subflowsheet
ExternalStream.TaggedName
FeedTransferBasis ALIAS Transfer basis between internal and
ConnectionInfo.FeedStreams.x_FeedStreamSet.Transf external feeds
erBasis
ProdTransferBasis ALIAS Transfer basis between internal and
ConnectionInfo.ProductStreams.x_ProductStreamSet. external products
TransferBasis
SpecNames ALIAS Specification names
ColumnInfo.SpecsSummary.x_ColumnSpec.SpecNam
e
SpecObjTypes ALIAS Specification object class names
ColumnInfo.SpecsSummary.x_ColumnSpec.SpecObje
ctType
SIM4ME 20

SpecTypes ALIAS Specification types
ColumnInfo.SpecsSummary.x_ColumnSpec.SpecsVal
ue.SpecType
SpecDraws ALIAS Specification draws
ue.Draw.TaggedName
SpecStreams ALIAS Specification streams
ue.Stream.TaggedName
SpecFirstStreams ALIAS Specification first streams
ue.FirstStream.TaggedName
SpecSecondStreams ALIAS Specification second streams
ue.SecondStream.TaggedName
SpecValues ALIAS Specification values
ue.SpecValue
SpecWtTol ALIAS fraction Specification weighted tolerance
ue.SpecWeightedTolerance
SpecAbsTol ALIAS Specification absolute tolerance
ue.SpecAbsoluteTolerance
SpecLowValues ALIAS Specification lower bound values
ue.SpecRangeLowValue.Value
SpecUpValues ALIAS Specification upper bound values
ue.SpecRangeUpperValue.Value
SpecPhase ALIAS Specification phases
ue.Phase.Value
SpecBasis ALIAS Specification basis (mass, molar,
ColumnInfo.SpecsSummary.x_ColumnSpec.SpecsVal volume)
ue.Basis
SpecDryBasis ALIAS Specification dry or wet basis
ue.DryFlowBasis
SpecStatus ALIAS Specification status (active or
ColumnInfo.SpecsSummary.x_ColumnSpec.SpecsVal inactive)
ue.SpecActiveStatus.Value
SpecStages ALIAS Specification status
ue.Stage.TaggedName
SpecTargetType ALIAS Specification target (stage or stream)
ue.TargetType.Value
SpecHSComps ALIAS Specification Hysys components
SIM4ME 21

ue.x_Component.TaggedName
SpecMTComps Specification SIM4ME thermo
components
SpecCompsSpecNum Specification number corresponding
to specification component
SpecEnergyStreams ALIAS Specification energy streams
ue.EnergyStream_Numerator.TaggedName
SpecPANames ALIAS Specification Pump around names
ue.PumpAroundName
SpecHXNames ALIAS Specification Heat Exchanger names
ue.Heater_CoolerOp.TaggedName
SpecCutPoint ALIAS percent Specification cut points
ue.CutPointA.Value
PANames ALIAS Pump around names
ColumnInfo.x_UserPumpAround.Name
PAFromStages ALIAS Pump around start stage
ColumnInfo.x_UserPumpAround.FromStage.Tagged
Name
PAToStages ALIAS Pump around return stage
ColumnInfo.x_UserPumpAround.ToStage.TaggedNa
me
VBPNames ALIAS Vapor bypass name
ColumnInfo.x_VapourByPass.Name
VBPFromStages ALIAS Vapor bypass start stage
ColumnInfo.x_VapourByPass.FromStage.TaggedNam
e
VBPToStages ALIAS Vapor bypass return stage
ColumnInfo.x_VapourByPass.ToStage.TaggedName
SolverType ALIAS Solver Type
ColumnInfo.SolverOptions.SolverType.Value
TwoLiquidCheck ALIAS Two liquid check option
ColumnInfo.SolverOptions.TwoLiquidCheck
Tray Section Parameters

TrayedSection Parameter UOM Description
ColumnSubFSObject Name of the corresponding
ColumnSubFS object
FluidPkg ALIAS FluidPackage.FluidPackage Fluid package
NumberOfStages Number of stages/trays in the
tray section
TopFeed ALIAS TopFeed.TaggedName Top feed
BottomVapourFeed ALIAS Bottom vapor feed
BottomVapourFeed.TaggedName
BottomsLiquidProd ALIAS Bottom liquid product
SIM4ME 22

BottomsLiquidProd.TaggedName
TopVapourProd ALIAS TopVapourProd.TaggedName Top vapor product
FeedStreams ALIAS Optional feed streams
OptionalFeeds.x_OptionalFeedStream.Stream.TaggedName
FeedStages ALIAS Optional feed stream stages
OptionalFeeds.x_OptionalFeedStream.StageNumber
LiquidDraws ALIAS Liquid side draws
LiquidDraws.x_LiquidDraw.Stream.TaggedName
LiquidDrawStages ALIAS Liquid side draw stages
LiquidDraws.x_LiquidDraw.StageNumber
VapourDraws ALIAS Vapor side draws
VapourDraws.x_VapourDraw.Stream.TaggedName
VapourDrawStages ALIAS Vapor side draw stages
VapourDraws.x_VapourDraw.StageNumber
WaterDraws ALIAS Liquid2/Water side draws
WaterDraws.x_WaterDraw.Stream.TaggedName
WaterDrawStages ALIAS Liquid2/Water side draw
WaterDraws.x_WaterDraw.StageNumber stages
TrayEfficiencies ALIAS fraction Tray efficiencies
StageDataSets.x_StageData.TrayEfficiencyValue
TrayEffiStageNumbers ALIAS Tray efficiency stage
StageDataSets.x_StageData.Number numbers
TrayEffiStageNames ALIAS Tray efficiency stage names
StageDataSets.x_StageData.StageIndex
CompEfficiencies ALIAS fraction Component efficiencies
StageDataSets.x_StageData.x_SingleComponentEfficiency.
ComponentEfficiencyValue.Value
TopDownFlag Flag for naming of stages (1
is TopDown, 0 is BottomUp)
StageNumbers Stage numbers of the
stages/trays in the tray section
StageNames Names of the stages/trays in
the tray section
TrayPressures kPa Tray pressures for the trays in
the tray section
TrayTemperature K Tray temperatures
TrayNetVapRates kg- Tray net vapor rates
mol/sec
TrayNetLiqRates kg- Tray net liquid rates
mol/sec
TrayLiqComposition fraction Tray liquid composition
TrayVapComposition fraction Tray vapor composition
SolverType Solver type
SIM4ME 23
Tray Rating / Sizing Parameters

TraySectionName Tray Section Name
PercentLiquidDraw Percent Percent Liquid Draw
SieveTrayFloodingMethod Sieve Tray Flooding Method
SectionNumber Section Number
SectionName Section Name
StartTray Section Start Tray
EndTray Section End Tray
InternalType Section Internal Type: Tray/Packed
CalculationMode Tray Rating/ Sizing Mode
NumberOfFlowPaths Number Of Flow Paths
TraySpacing m Tray Spacing
TrayThickness m Tray Thickness
SectionDiaSpec m Section Diameter
FoamingFactor Foaming Factor
MaxDPHeightOfLiquid m Max DP Height Of Liquid
MaximumFlooding Maximum Flooding Specified
SieveHolePitch Sieve Hole Pitch
SieveHoleDiameter m Sieve Hole Diameter
DowncomerType Downcomer Type
DowncomerClearance m Downcomer Clearance
SDowncomerTopWidth m Side Downcomer Top Width
SDowncomerBottomWidth m Side Downcomer Bottom Width
CDowncomerTopWidth m Centre Downcomer Top Width
CDowncomerBottomWidth m Centre Downcomer Bottom Width
OCDowncomerTopWidth m Off Centre Downcomer Top Width
OCDowncomerBottomWidth m Off Centre Downcomer Bottom Width
OSDowncomerTopWidth m Off Side Downcomer Top Width
OSDowncomerBottomWidth m Off Side Downcomer Bottom Width
SectionDiameterResults m Section Diameter
CrossSectionalArea m2 Cross Sectional Area
SectionHeight m Section Height
SectionDeltaP KPa Section Delta P
MaximumDeltaPPerLength KPa/m Maximum Delta P Per Length
FlowWidth m Flow Width
ActiveArea Active Area Percent
DowncomerArea m2 Downcomer Area
TotalWeirLength m Total Weir Length
SideWeirLength m Side Weir Length
TrayPressDrop KPa Tray Press Drop
TrayName Tray Name
HETP HETP
HETPCorrelation HETP Correlation
SIM4ME 24
Condenser Parameters
Column Parameter UOM Description
FeedStreams ALIAS
FeedStream.x_Stream.TaggedN
ame Feed Steam to Condenser
VapourProduct ALIAS
Vapor Product Stream
VapourProduct.TaggedName
LiquidProduct ALIAS
Liquid Product Stream
LiquidProduct.TaggedName
EnergyStream ALIAS
Duty stream to Condenser
EnergyStream.TaggedName
RefluxStream ALIAS
Condenser to Column Reflux Stream
RefluxStream.TaggedName
HeavyLiquidProduct ALIAS
HeavyLiquidProduct.TaggedNa Heavy (L2) Product Stream for 3 Phase Condenser
me
DeltaP KPa Condenser DP
Reboiler Parameters
FeedStreams ALIAS
FeedStream.x_Stream.TaggedN
ame Feed Steam to Condenser
VapourProduct ALIAS
Vapor Product Stream
LiquidProduct ALIAS
Liquid Product Stream
EnergyStream ALIAS
Duty stream to Condenser
DeltaP KPa Reboiler DP
Units of Measure
The UOM for the parameters are based on the P2Internal UOM Slate.
Parameters
This section lists the Column parameters in the TL layer.

NumOfTrays Number of trays in the column
FeedStreams Feed stream IDs
ProdStreams Product stream IDs
FeedTrayLocs Feed tray numbers
ProdTrayLocs Product tray numbers
ProdType (TODO: need to
Product phases
change name)
SIM4ME 25

ProdSpec (TODO: need to
Product types
change name)
DrawType Draw types (Total or fixed)
TrayTemperatures K Tray temperatures
TrayPressures kPa Tray pressures
TrayNetVapRates kg-mol/sec Tray net vapor rates
TrayNetLiqRates kg-mol/sec Tray net liquid rates
TrayNetLiq1Rates kg-mol/sec Tray net liquid1 rates
TrayNetLiq2Rates kg-mol/sec Tray net liquid2 rates
TrayTotalVaporRates kg-mol/sec Tray total vapor rates
TrayTotalLiqRates kg-mol/sec Tray net liquid rates
TrayVaporMolarEnth kJ/ kg-mol Tray vapor molar enthalpy
TrayLiquidMolarEnth kJ/ kg-mol Tray liquid molar enthalpy
TrayVaporMoleFracs fraction Tray vapor compositions
TrayLiquidMoleFracs fraction Tray liquid compositions
TrayLiquid1MoleFracs fraction Tray liquid1 compositions
TrayLiquid2MoleFracs fraction Tray liquid2 compositions
TrayNumOfLiqPhases Number of liquid phases in tray
TrayVaporMW Mole Weight Tray vapor molecular weights
TrayVaporDensity kg/m3 Tray vapor densities
TrayLiquidMW Mole Weight Tray liquid molecular weights
TrayLiquidDensity kg/m3 Tray liquid densities
TrayVleKValues Tray VLE K values
TrayThermoMethod Tray thermo methods
InternalPhases Phases for internal flash
CalcType Calculation type (rating or sizing)
TrayType Tray type
NumberOfPasses Tray number of passes
NumberOfValvesOrCaps Tray number of valves or caps
ValveCapOrSieveDia m Tray valve, cap or sieve diameter
PctSieveHoleArea percent Tray sieve hole area
DownComerSide m Tray side down-comer width
DownComerCenter m Tray center down-comer width
DownComerOffCenter m Tray off-Center down-comer width
DownComerOffSide m Tray off-Side down-comer width
TrayEfficiencyFlag Tray efficiency method
TrayEfficiencyFactor Efficiency factor for tray efficiencies
TrayEfficiency Tray efficiencies
Tray down-comer orientation (whether tray
has side, center or off-center down-comer -
DownComerOrient used if only if passes is 2 or 4)
TrayDiameter m Tray diameter
TraySpacing m Tray spacing
TrayWeirHeight m Tray weir height
SideHeaterTrayLoc Side heater tray location
SideHeaterDuties kJ Side heater duties
SIM4ME 26

HeatLeak kJ Heat leaks
ReboilerType Type of reboiler
ReboilerDuty kJ Reboiler duty
Stream to reboiler exchanger (used only for
ToReboilerStream thermo-siphon reboiler)
Stream from reboiler exchanger (used only
FromReboilerStream for thermo-siphon reboiler)
Bottom sump product streams (used only for
BottomProdStreams thermo-siphon with baffle)
Bottom sump pressure (used only for
BottomPressure kPa thermo-siphon with baffle)
Bottom sump temperature (used only for
BottomTemperature K thermo-siphon with baffle)
Bottom sump liquid molecular weight (used
BottomMW Mole Weight only for thermo-siphon with baffle)
Bottom sump liquid molar density (used only
BottomMolarDensity kg-mol/m3 for thermo-siphon with baffle)
Bottom sump liquid enthalpy (used only for
BottomSpecificEnthalpy kJ/kg-mol thermo-siphon with baffle)
Bottom sump liquid composition (used only
BottomCompMoleFraction fraction for thermo-siphon with baffle)
Overflow rate from bottom sump to reboiler
sump (used only for thermo-siphon with
BottomToRebMolarFlow kg-mol/sec baffle)
CondenserType Type of condenser
CondenserDuty kJ Condenser duty
FreeDraws Draws that can be freed
SolverType Solver type
SIM4ME 27
Compressor
This document describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II Compressor translation.
Base PRO/II Model
The compressor unit simulates a single stage isentropic compression. An optional after-cooler is
attached to the outlet stream to cool the products to the desired temperature.
Calculation Method
The operating specifications for a compressor unit include one of the pressure, work or head
specifications, and the compressor efficiency or outlet temperature. A specific value can be
entered for these parameters or a performance curve can be supplied.
PRO/II performs compressor calculations by simulating the Mollier diagram. The point
corresponding to the inlet condition is determined by calculating the enthalpy and entropy at the
inlet pressure and temperature. A constant entropy path is then followed until the outlet pressure
is reached. The adiabatic work is determined by the enthalpy difference between the initial and
final conditions. If the adiabatic efficiency is not 100%, the actual enthalpy change is computed
by dividing the adiabatic enthalpy change with the adiabatic efficiency.
PRO/II also calculates other parameters including the isentropic and polytrophic coefficients,
polytrophic efficiency, and polytrophic work, using one of the two Compressor Calculation
Methods. The default calculation method is the ASME Power Test Code 10 method, which can
be changed to the GPSA Engineering Data Book method if desired. If the polytrophic efficiency
is supplied, the adiabatic efficiency is back calculated using these methods to determine the actual
work.
The compressor unit supports both VLE and VLLE methods to determine the individual phase
compositions. See VLE Model and VLLE Model for more details.
Feed and Product Streams
The compressor unit can have any number of feed streams. The inlet pressure is taken to be the
lowest pressure of all the feed streams.
The compressor unit can have up to four product streams with different phases in each stream.
The possible product phases are vapor, liquid, decanted water / second liquid phase, a mixture of
vapor and liquid, and solids. If there are multiple product streams leaving the compressor unit,
the phase condition for each stream must be specified.
SIM4ME 28
Parameters

AcDutyCalc kJ/sec Duty of the after cooler. This value is only available when after
cooler is configured in the compressor
AcPressDropCalc kPa Pressure drop across the after cooler. This value is only
available when after cooler is configured in the compressor
AcTempCalc K Exit temperature of the after cooler. This value is calculated
only when after cooler is attached to the Compressor
ActVolVapFlow Vapor volumetric flow rate
AdiabaticHead m Adiabatic head.
CompressFactIn Compressibility factor at inlet
CompressFactOut Compressibility factor at outlet
EffAdiaCalc percent Adiabatic efficiency
EffCalc Compressor isentropic efficiency
EffCurveLength Size of the efficiency curve vector
EffExpoCalc Exponential factor for efficiency. This value is used in
efficiency fan law
EffPolyCalc percent Polytropic effeciency
FlowInletCalc m3/sec Calculated inlet flow is the net inlet flow.
HeadCalc m Calculated value of the head across the Compressor.
HeadExpoCalc Exponential factor for head. This value is used in head fan law.
IsenCoeffCalc Isentropic coefficient
PerCurveLength Size of the performance curve vector
PolyCoeffCalc Polytropic coefficient
PolytropicHead m Polytropic head
PressCalc kPa Compressor inlet pressure.
PressDropCalc kPa Pressure rise across the compressor.
PressOutCalc kPa Compressor outlet pressure.
PressRatioCalc Ratio of outlet pressure to the inlet pressure. Should always be
greater than 1.
PressRatioSwitch Limiting value of Pressure ratio. Below this value, temperature
equation is used to calculate polytropic/isentropic coefficient.
Above this value Head equation will be used
RefRPMCalc rpm Reference speed of the compressor
RPMCalc rpm Actual speed of the compressor
TempCalc K This is the temperature of the pump product streams and should
be identical in value to that of the MergedProduct stream.
PRO/II uses this variable to make the product stream
temperatures available to other units through the
spec/vary/define subsystem. The value is set during the PRO/II
flow sheet solve
WorkActualCalc kJ Actual isentropic work
SIM4ME 29

WorkAdiaCalc kJ Actual adiabatic work
WorkCalc KW Power required to run the compressor
WorkPolyCalc kJ Polytropic work
WorkTheoCalc kJ Theoretical work.
PerCurveFlowRates Vector containing the flow values of the performance curve
PerCurveValues Vector containing the head values of the performance curve
ProductStoreData
AfterCoolerFlag Flag to indicate whether after cooler is attached to compressor

or not
1 - After cooler attached
0 - No after cooler
CalcMethodFlag Flag to indicate the method calculation method used
1 - GPSA
0 - ASME
CurrentFeeds The number of feed streams currently attached to the unit
CurrentProducts The number of product streams currently attached to the unit
EffCurveType Flag to indicate the type of efficiency curve
1 – Adiabatic
2 - Polytropic
EffFlag Flag to indicate efficiency selected
1 – Adiabatic
2 - Polytropic
MultEffCurveFlag Flag to indicate multiple curves
1 - Multiple curves
0 - No multiple cirves
PerCurveBasis Flag to indicate the work curve type
1 – Adiabatic
2 - Polytropic
3 - Actual
PerCurveType Flag to indicate the type of the curve
1 - Q vs Head
2 - Q vs Work
3 - Q vs P
4 - Q vs Pressure ratio
AcStrmId Stream ID of the internal after cooler product stream
FeedAdiaStrmID Stream ID of the internal adiabatic feed stream.
FeedIsenStrmId Stream ID of the internal isenthalpic feed stream
MergedFeed The stream ID of the merged feed stream. This is an internal
feed stream that is used to set the Temperature, Pressure,
enthalpy and composition of all feed streams
MethodData Method slate used in the Compressor. Default method slate is
globally set in the thermo. It can also be set in individual unit
SIM4ME 30

operations. Should be consistent across the flow sheet unless
separated by Thermodynamic reset unit.
ProdAdiaStrmId Stream ID of the internal isenthalpic product stream
FeedData A vector containing the IDs of all of the feed streams.
FeedData does not contain specific data such as the
temperature, pressure, or composition of the individual streams,
only the ID of the stream. In PRO/II the ID can be used to
retrieve the stream data block which contains a complete
description of the stream
ProductData A vector containing the IDs of all the product streams. See
FeedData
Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models: Header – Compressor – Utility Exchanger –

Drum
The Compressor is a flow device that is used to model a centrifugal Compressor. The
Compressor calculates the available head based on the pressure differential across it. The
volumetric flow rate is interpolated from the user provided performance curve based on the
calculated head. Power is calculated from the user provided efficiency curve. Reverse flow
through a Compressor is allowed.
The Compressor performance is characterized by a Cubic-spline or Linear curve fit and may be
specified by either entering three or more points from the manufacturer characteristic curve (head
vs. volumetric flow) or entering one design point (head and volumetric flow). The parameters
DHScale and QScale are used to scale the compressor performance. The fan laws scale the
compressor curve with speed. The curve is also modified with change in inlet guide vane
position.
The Compressor calculates the shaft work, fluid flow, and fluid enthalpy rise. The speed is
calculated from a shaft or motor and transferred to the compressor by a mechanical stream. The
Compressor sets the power required in the mechanical stream. Alternatively, speed can be fixed.
Header is used for mixing up all streams and sending a single merged feed to Flow Device.
Drum is used for the phase separation and streams are connected to various ports based on the
product phase specifications.
Utility Exchanger is used for Inter cooling.
SIM4ME 31
Parameters
Static Parameters to Database

DHSCALE m Head across Compressor
ETASCALE fraction Efficiency
QSCALE m3/sec Volumetric Flow
SPEED rpm Compressor Speed. Default value can be used.
Parameters to States.dat
DH m Head
ETA fraction Efficiency
FLASH.H kJ/kg-mol Enthalpy
FLASH.P KPa Pressure
FLASH.T K Temperature
FLASH.VF fraction Vapor Fraction
FLASH.LF1 fraction Liquid Fraction 1
FLASH.R kg-mol/m3 Molar Density
FLASH.MW Molecular Weight
FX kg-mol/sec Molar flow
POWER KW Power
3
Q m /sec Volumetric flow
SPEED rpm Compressor speed
FLASH.Z [0]...FLASH.Z
fraction Composition
[i]
Equivalent ROMeo Model: Mixer – Compressor – Flash - Heat Exchanger
The Compressor unit models a single-stage isentropic compression with a single feed and a single
product stream.
The operating specifications for a Compressor unit include pressure, work or head specifications
and the compressor efficiency. The user can supply a specific value for these parameters or a
performance curve.
An optional aftercooler can be connected to the outlet stream to cool the product stream to the
desired temperature. Other parameters, including the isentropic and polytropic coefficients,
polytropic efficiency and polytropic work are calculated using the ASME Power Test Code 10
compressor calculation method.
The Compressor also supports GPSA Engineering Data Book method.
SIM4ME 32
When there is more than one feed stream attached to PRO/II compressor, Mixer is added. Mixer
is used for mixing up all streams and sending a single merged feed to Compressor.
When there is more than on outlet stream from PRO/II compressor, Flash is added. Flash is used
for the phase separation and streams are connected to various ports based on the product phase
specifications.
Heat Exchanger is added when aftercooler is configured in Compressor.

ActualHead m Actual Head
ActualWork kJ/sec Actual work
BaseLineEff fraction Baseline Efficiency
It is the value of IsenPresRatio at which the GPSA
CompressionRatioSwitch calculations should IsentropicCoef equations
CorrectedVolume m3/sec Used in case of fan laws only.
CurrentEff fraction Current efficiency
Always points towards the current selected efficiency
EfficiencyVar fraction variable
Difference between current efficiency and base line
EffOffsetFromBaseline fraction efficiency
FanE Head coefficient
FanH Efficiency coefficient
FanW Work coefficient. Default is 3.
IsenC (ns -1)/ns ns –isentropic coefficient
IsentropicCoef fraction Isentropic coefficient
IsentropicEff fraction Isentropic efficiency
IsentropicHead m Isentropic Head
IsentropicWork kJ/sec Isentropic work
PolyC (n -1)/n n–polytropic coefficient
PolytropicCoef fraction Polytropic coefficient
PolytropicEff fraction Polytropic efficiency
PolytropicHead m Polytropic head
PolytropicWork kJ/sec Polytropic work
Pres kPa Compressor exit pressure
PresRatio Frac Pressure ratio
PresRise kPa Pressure rise
Reference head. Based on the specification chosen, it
RefHead m takes the corresponding head value.
RefSpeed rpm Reference speed
RefSpeedRatio fraction Ratio of actual speed to the reference speed
Speed rpm Actual speed
SIM4ME 33
VolFlowPerRPM m3/sec-rpm Volumetric flow per rpm

kJ/sec Polytropic work
BladeAngle Compressor blade angle
Flag to indicate whether Fan laws are used or not 0 –
UseFanLaws Do not use Fan laws 1 – Use Fan laws
Compressor calculation type. Allowable values are
CalcType “ASME” and “GPSA.”
Enumerator for selection of the efficiency. Allowable
values are “Current_Efficiency”,
EfficiencySelection “Baseline_Efficiency”, “Fixed”
Enumerator for selection of efficiency type.
Allowable values are “Isentropic_Efficiency”,
EfficiencyType “Polytropic_Efficiency”
Enumerator to select Compressor specification type.
Allowable values are “OutletPressure”,
“PressureRise”, “PressureRatio”, “Work”,
“IsentropicWork”, “PolytropicWork”, “Head”,
“IsentropicHead”, “PolytropicHead”, “FanWork”,
“FanIsentropicWork”, “FanPolytropicWork”,
“FanHead”, “FanIsentropicHead”,
SpecType “FanPolytropicHead”
Note: For Isentropic Stream parameters, refer to Stream parameters.
Equivalent HYSYS Model: Compressor
HYSYS™ compressor is mapped to PRO/II compressor.
The Compressor operation is used to increase pressure of an inlet gas stream with relatively high
capacities and low compression ratios. Compressor calculates a stream property or the
compression efficiency.
Parameters

AdiabaticEfficiency Float Adiabatic efficiency of Compressor
EnergyStream ALIAS String Heat Stream Connect to Compressor
HeadCurveData ALIAS FloatArray Head Curve Data points
CompExpCurveData.x_CompExpC
urve.x_CurveDataPoint.Head
EfficiencyCurveData ALIAS FloatArray Efficiency Curve Data Points
urve.x_CurveDataPoint.Efficiency
SIM4ME 34

FeedStream ALIAS StringArray Feed Streams
x_FeedStream.AttachmentName
ProdStream ALIAS StringArray Product Streams
x_ProductStream.AttachmentName
FlowCurveData ALIAS FloatArray Flow Curve Data Points
urve.x_CurveDataPoint.Flow
SpeedData ALIAS FloatArray Speed Curve Data Points
urve.Speed
HeadUnits ALIAS StringArray Head Curve Units
urve.HeadUnits
FlowUnits ALIAS StringArray Flow Curve Units
urve.FlowUnits
EffType ALIAS Long Efficiency type
CompExpCurveData.CompExpCur
veEfficiencyType
CurveFlag ALIAS Long Curve Enable flag
CompExpCurveData.CompExpCur
vesEnabled
CurveDataPoint ALIAS IntArray Data Points in each curve
urve.x_CurveDataPoint.Number
Speed Float Operating Speed
CurveActive StringArray Checks to See if Curve Specified is True or
False
Common Data Base Structure – Compressor
Parameters
Parameters UOM Description

AcDutyCalc kJ/sec After cooler duty
AcPressDropCalc Pressure drop across after cooler
AcTempCalc After cooler outlet temperature
AdiabaticHead kJ/kg Adiabatic head
CompressFactIn Compressibility factor at inlet
CompressFactOut Compressibility factor at outlet
EffAdiaCalc percent Adiabatic efficiency
EffExpoCalc Efficiency exponent factor
Efficiency percent Actual Efficiency
EffPolyCalc percent Polytrophic efficiency
EffVapFlowIn
SIM4ME 35

Head kJ/kg Actual Head
HeadExpoCalc Head exponential factor
IsenCoeffCalc Isentropic coefficient
IsenCompressibility Isentropic stream compressibility
IsenLiquid2Fraction Isentropic stream water fraction
IsenLiquidFraction Isentropic stream liquid fraction
IsenMolarDensity Isentropic stream molar density
IsenMolarFlow Isentropic stream molar flow
IsenMW Isentropic stream molecular weight
IsenPressure Isentropic stream pressure
IsenSpecificEnthalpy Isentropic stream enthalpy
IsenSpecificEntropy Isentropic stream entropy
IsenTemperature Isentropic stream temperature
IsenVaporFraction Isentropic stream vapor fraction
PolyCoeffCalc Polytropic coefficient
PolytropicHead kJ/kg Polytropic head
Power kW Work
PressDropCalc kPa Pressure rise
PressOutCalc kPa Outlet pressure
PressRatioCalc Pressure ratio
It is the value of IsenPresRatio at which the GPSA
PressRatioSwitch calculations should IsentropicCoef equations
Pressure kPa Inlet pressure
RefRPMCalc rpm Reference speed
Speed rpm Operating speed
Temperature K Exit temperature
3
m /sec Volumetric flow
VolFlow
WorkActualCalc kW Actual work
WorkAdiaCalc kW Adiabatic work
WorkPolyCalc kW Polytropic work
WorkTheoCalc kW Theoretical work
Isentropic stream mole fraction
IsenCompMoleFraction
Performance curve flow rates
PerCurveFlowRates
Performance curve head values
PerCurveValues
ProductStoreData
SIM4ME 36

After cooler flag 1- after cooler configured 0 – No after
AfterCoolerFlag cooler
Flag to indicate the method calculation method used
1 - GPSA
CalcMethodFlag 0 - ASME
EffCurveLength Size of efficiency curve vector
Efficiency curve type
1 – Adiabatic
EffCurveType 2 - Polytropic
Efficiency type flag
1 – Adiabatic
EffFlag 2 - Polytropic
Flag to indicate multiple curves
1 - Multiple curves
MultEffCurveFlag 0 - No multiple cirves
NumOfFeeds Number of feed stream
NumOfProds Number of product stream
Flag to indicate the work curve type
1 – Adiabatic
2 - Polytropic
PerCurveBasis 3 - Actual
PerCurveLength Size of the performance curve vector
Flag to indicate the type of the curve
1 - Q vs Head
2 - Q vs Work
3 - Q vs P
PerCurveType 4 - Q vs Pressure ratio
~DeltaPType Pressure drop type – Positive / Negative
~DeviceType Device type - Flow / Pressure
AcStrmId Aftercooler stream
FeedAdiaStrmID Feed adiabatic stream
FeedIsenStrmId Feed isentropic stream
MethodSlate Method slate
ProdAdiaStrmId Product adiabatic stream
FeedStreams Feed streams
ProdStreams Product streams
SIM4ME 37
Compressor exit stream parameters, which are configured after the cooler is configured in PRO/II
Compressor. These parameters are set to the stream connecting the compressor to the after cooler
utility exchanger, which is feed to the aftercooler.

BcLiquidFraction fraction liquid fraction
3
kg-mol/m molar density
BcMolarDensity
kg-mol/sec molar flow
BcMolarFlow
BcMW molecular weight
BcPressure kPa Pressure
BcSpecificEnthalpy kJ/kg-mol Specific enthalpy
BcSpecificEntropy Specific entropy
BcTemperature K Temperature
BcVaporFraction fraction Vapor fraction
BcWaterFraction fraction Water Fraction
BcCompMoleFraction fraction Mole fraction
Calculation of Derived Parameter from PRO/II to TL Layer
Head in meters is converted to kJ/kg using the following equation:
Head (meter) ⋅ 9.81

Head (kJ/kg) =
1000
Calculation of Derived Parameter from TL to DynSim Layer
There is no derived parameter calculation for translation from TL to Dynsim layer mapping.
Calculation of Derived Parameter from TL to ROMeo Layer
Corrected volume
When Fan Laws are used in Compressor, corrected volume is used.
VolFlow Feed
CorrectedVolume.L =
(RefSpeedRatio.L) FanE.
ASME Factor
ASME Factor is calculated when ASME method is used.
SIM4ME 38
(IsentropicCoef - 1)
IsenC =
IsentropicCoef
IsentropicWork ⋅ IsenC
ASMEFactor =
Pressure Feed ⋅ VolFlow Feed ⋅ (PressureRatio IsenC - 1)
Polytropic Coefficient
Log(Pressu reRatio)
Polytropic Coef =
VolFlow Feed
Log( )
VolFlow Prod
(Polytropi cCoef - 1.0)
PolyC =
Polytropic Coef
Efficiency Offset from Baseline
EffOffsetFromBaseline = EfficiencyVar - BaselineEff
SIM4ME 39
Continuous Strirred Tank Reactor
This topic describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II and HYSYS™ Continuous
Strirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) translation. ROMeo and Dynsim do not currently support CSTR
reactors.
Currently only the basic modes of operation are handled by the translation. Complex modes, such
as catalyst data and overriding to the Reaction data section are currently not translated.
Base PRO/II Model
The CSTR module simulates a continuously fed, stirred tank reactor. It assumes that the stirring
results in perfect mixing. The module may operate in adiabatic mode with or without heat duty
specified, or in isothermal mode either at a specified temperature or at the feed temperature, or
under constant volume for the boiling pot model.
Normally, the reaction stoichiometry, heat of reaction data and reaction kinetics are taken from a
reaction set in the Reaction Data Section.
Parameters
Reactor Operation Parameters
Unit Class: [CSTR]

UnitName Unit Description
CurrentFeeds Number of Feed streams
CurrentProducts Number of Product streams
CurrentPseudoProds
MergedFeed Merged feed stream
MergedProduct Merged product stream
MethodData Thermo method set name
FeedData Names of feed streams
ProductData Names of product streams
PseudoProdData
ProductStoreData Phases of product streams (V/L/M etc.)
FeedHolderData
ProductHolderData
OperTypeCalc Reactor operation mode
1 "User Specified Temperature"
2 "Adiabatic"
3 "Use Feed Temperature"
4 "Fixed Volume" (allowed only for boiling)
OperPhaseCalc Reactor Phase flag (Note "3" is not used)
1 "Vapor"
SIM4ME 40

2 "Liquid"
4 "Boiling Pot Reactor"
PressureFlag 1=PRESSURE; 2=DELTA P; 3=NEITHER
NumReactions Number of reactions
RxnBasisFlagCalc Reaction rate equation basis
1 "Concentration"
2 "Partial Pressure"
3 "Fugacity"
4 "Activity"
KinTypeFlagCalc Kinetic rate calc routine flag
1 "Power Law Equation"
2 "User Kinetic Subroutine"
3 "In-Line Procedure"
SpecCatTypeFlag Type of fixed catalyst
1 "Mole Fraction"
2 "Weight Fraction"
3 "Mole Quantity"
4 "Weight Quantity"
BaseCompCalc Array of Base Component Numbers (index into
component slate)
BaseCompIn Array of base component names
RxnSetNumber Reaction set ID
NumRxnComp Number of components in each reaction
RxnID Array of reaction names
CompID Component ID's that correspond to component
data input
OutPressCalc kPa outlet pressure
OutTempCalc K outlet temperature
DutyCalc kJ/sec Reactor duty (adiabatic operation)
VolumeCalc m3 Volume
MaxVolumeCalc m3 Maximum volume
MaxTempIn K Adiabatic Tmax
MinTempIn K Adiabatic Tmin
PressDropCalc kPa Pressure Drop
DeriveSizeCalc Step size for numerical derivation
TempTolerCalc K Absolute temperature tolerance
CompTolerCalc Mole fraction Tolerance for component mole fraction
EnthalpyTolerCalc kJ Absolute enthalpy tolerance
VolumeEstimate m3 Volume estimate
TempEstimate Temperature estimate
Reaction Data Parameters

ActivEnergyIn Activation Energies
PexpFactorIn Preexponential Factors
RxnExponentIn Reaction exponent
SIM4ME 41

PexpWtUOM Preexponential Factor WT UOM Qualifier
PexpLiqvUOM Preexponential Factor LIQV UOM Qualifier
PexpPresUOM Preexponential Factor PRES UOM Qualifier
PexpTempUOM Preexponential Factor TEMP UOM Qualifier
PexpTimeUOM Preexponential Factor TIME UOM Qualifier
Catalyst Data Parameters

SpecCatIDIn ID vector for fixed catalysts
NumSpecCat No. of catalyst with fixed charge
MoleFracSpecCat Fixed catalyst mole fraction
WtFracSpecCat Fixed catalyst wt fraction
MoleSpecCat Fixed catalyst mole number
WtSpecCat Fixed catalyst wt amount
Equivalent HYSYS Models
Parameters
Unit Class: [KineticReactorOpObject]

FeedStreams ALIAS
x_FeedStream.Stream.Attac Array of feed stream names
hmentName
ReactionSet ALIAS
ReactionSet.AttachmentNa Reaction set name
me
Energy ALIAS
EnergyStream.Attachment Energy stream name
Name
VapourProd ALIAS
VapourProduct.Attachment Vapour product name
Name
LiquidProd ALIAS
LiquidProduct.Attachment Liquid product name
Name
IsIgnored
DutyType
VesselPressureSpec
HeaterType
DeltaP kPa Pressure drop
Volume m3 Volume
SIM4ME 42
Dummy Parameters
The following dummy parameters are included in the configuration file for convenience but are
not filled in from the HYSYS XML file.
STRINGARRAY: ProdStreams //Non-existent

FLOAT: DeltaTemp //Non-existent - come through as RMISS
FLOAT: Pressure //Non-existent - come through as RMISS
FLOAT: ReactorDuty //Non-existent - come through as RMISS
FLOAT: Temperature //Non-existent - come through as RMISS
FLOAT: AdiaTmaxIn //Non-existent - come through as RMISS
FLOAT: AdiaTminIn //Non-existent - come through as RMISS
FLOAT: IsoDTFeed //Non-existent - come through as RMISS
Parameters
Class Name: [CSTR]

NumComps Number of componentts
NumOfFeeds Number of feed streams
NumOfProds Number of product streams
MethodSlate Thermo method set name
FeedStreams Array of feed stream names
ProdStreams Array of product stream names
ProductStoreData Product stream phases (V/L/M etc.)
RxOperType Reactor operation mode
2 "Adiabatic"
RxOperPhase Reactor Phase flag (Note "3" is not used)
1 "Vapor"
2 "Liquid"
NumberOfReactions Number of reactions
CompBasisFlag 1=Concentration; 2=Partial Pressure; 3=Vapour
Fugacity; 4=Liquid
RxnSetID Array of reaction names
BaseCompNumbers Array of Base Component Numbers (index into
component slate)
OutPresCalc kPa Outlet pressure
ReactorPresDropCalc kPa Pressure drop
SIM4ME 43

OutTempCalc K Outlet temperature
ReactorDutyCalc kJ/s Reactor Duty (adiabatic operation)
VolumeCalc m3 Volume
MaxVolumeCalc m3 Maximum volume
AdiaTmaxIn K Max Temperature (adiabatic operation)
AdiaTminIn K Min Temperature (adiabatic operation)
SIM4ME 44
Conversion Reactor
This document describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II to ROMeo Conversion
Reactor translation and HYSYS ™ to PRO/II translation. Currently, Dynsim does not support
conversion reactors.
Base Pro II Model
The Conversion Reactor simulates a chemical reactor by solving the heat and material balances
based on supplied reaction stoichiometry and fractional conversion. There is no limit to the
number of simultaneous reactions, which may be modeled.
The fractional conversion of a specified base component is defined for each reaction. The
corresponding changes in the amounts of the other components in the reaction are determined
from the stoichiometry. The conversion of the base component may be expressed as a function of
temperature by entering the coefficients for the equation:
Conversion = A + B.T + C.T2
The reaction stoichiometry and any heat of reaction data must be entered into a reaction set in the
Reaction Data Sets Window before the reactor performance can be specified. These data cannot
be defined or modified in the reactor unit.
By default, the reactor operates at the feed temperature. Alternatively, user can specify:
• Temperature Rise across the reactor

• Isothermal operation at a Fixed Temperature
• Reactor Fixed Duty
Parameters
Conversion Reactor
UOM Description
Parameter
The number of feed streams currently attached
CurrentFeeds
to the unit
The number of product streams currently
CurrentProducts
attached to the unit
The stream ID of the merged product stream.
This is an internal product stream that is used to
MergedProduct
set the Temperature, Pressure, enthalpy and
composition of all product streams
A vector containing the IDs of all of the feed
streams. FeedData does not contain specific data
such as the temperature, pressure, or
FeedData
composition of the individual streams, only the
ID of the stream. In PRO/II the ID can be used
to retrieve the stream data block which contains
SIM4ME 45
Conversion Reactor
UOM Description
Parameter
a complete description of the stream
A vector containing the IDs of all of the product
ProductData
streams. See FeedData
OutPresCalc KPa Reactor Outlet Pressure
OutTempCalc K Reactor Outlet Temperature
ReactorDutyCalc KJ/sec Reactor Duty
ReactorPresDropCalc KPa Reactor Pressure Drop
CalcConversions Conversion Calculation
ConvCoeff Conversion Coefficients ( A, B and C)
ConvCoeffB Conversion Coefficients B
ConvCoeffC Conversion Coefficients C
HeatsOfReaction KJ/Kg-mol Heat of Reaction
StoiCoefIn Stoichiometric Coefficients of the reaction
NumberOfReactions Number Of Reactions
Pressure Specification:
PressureFlag
0. Outlet Pressure 1. Pressure Drop
Reactor Type:
RxType 0. Default Conversion 1. Shift Reactor
2. Methanation Reactor 3. Calculator Reactor
Conversion Basis Specification:
ConvBasisFlag
1. Feed 2. Reaction
Heat Balance Specification
HeatBalanceFlag
0. Do heat balance 1. No heat balance
BaseCompID Base Component Name
BaseCompNumbers Base Component Index
Equivalent ROMeo Model
Introduction and Usage of Model
The Conversion Reactor simulates a chemical reactor by solving the heat and material balances
based on supplied reaction stoichiometry and fractional conversion.
The fractional conversion of a specified base component is defined for each reaction. The
corresponding changes in the amounts of the other components in the reaction are determined
from the stoichiometry. The conversion of the base component may be expressed as a function of
temperature by entering the coefficients for the equation:
Conversion = A + B.T + C.T2
The user can specify the reaction stoichiometry, conversion coefficients, and the base component
for the reaction. The base component must be a reactant in the reaction. ROMeo takes
conversion basis as feed or reaction.
The operating conditions of the reactor are specified by the following thermal and pressure
specifications:
SIM4ME 46
• Outlet Temperature/Temperature Change across the reactor

• Reactor Fixed Duty
• Outlet Pressure/ Pressure Change across the reactor
Parameters
Reactor Parameter UOM Description

v_v_DeltaTemp K Temperature Change across the reactor
v_v_PresDrop KPa Pressure Drop across the reactor
v_v_ProdPres KPa Product Pressure
v_v_ProdTemp K Product Temperature
v_v_Q kJ/sec Reactor Duty
HReaction kJ/kg-mol Heat of Reaction
Stoich Stoichiometry of reaction
v_v_A Conversion Coefficient A
v_v_B Conversion Coefficient B
v_v_BaseMolarFlow Kgmol/sec Molar Flow of Base Component
v_v_C Conversion Coefficient C
v_v_Conversion Conversion Rates
v_v_ReactionRate Kg-mol/sec Reaction Rate defined wrt base component
v_v_RxnMolarFlow Kg-mol/sec Reaction Molar Flow
NumAdditionalRxns Number of reaction to be added into the reactor ( Reactor
initializing parameter)
NumRxns Num of reactions in the reactor
BaseComponent Base Component of a reaction
ConvBasis Conversion Basis of reactions Feed or Reaction
PresType Pressure Specification Type User (Outlet Pressure) or Delta
(Pressure Drop Across Reactor)
RtrType Thermal Specification Type: Temp ( Temperature
Specification), Duty ( Duty Specification)
TempType Temperature Specification Type: User ( User Outlet
temperature), Feed (Same as feed temperature) or Delta
(Temperature rise across reactor)
Equivalent HYSYS Model: Conversion Reactor
A HYSYS™ Conversion Reactor supports only reaction sets that contain conversion reactions.
Each reaction in the set will proceed until the specified conversion is attained or until a reactant is
exhausted. The product streams from a reactor can be: a Vapor, a Liquid stream, an aqueous
phase or a mixed liquid phase.
In case of multiple reactions, a reaction sequence can be specified. An overall conversion rate of
0% to 100% can be specified for a set of reactions. The specified rate is either a global value or a
local value that applies to the current operation only.
SIM4ME 47
Parameters

FeedStreams ALIAS
Feed stream names
x_FeedStream.Stream.AttachmentName
VapourProd ALIAS
Vapour product stream name
VapourProduct.AttachmentName
LiquidProd ALIAS
Liquid product stream name
LiquidProduct.AttachmentName
Energy ALIAS
Energy stream
EnergyStream.AttachmentName
ReactionSet ALIAS
Reaction set name
ReactionSet.AttachmentName
ReactionName ALIAS
Reaction names
x_ConReactionInfo.ReactionName
IsIgnored
DutyType
VesselPressureSpec
HeaterType
C0 ALIAS percent
1st Conversion coefficient
x_ConReactionInfo.C0.SpecifiedValue
C1 ALIAS
percent 2nd Conversion coefficient
C2 ALIAS
percent 3rd Conversion coefficient
Parameters
Internal Units of Measure for the Common Data Base Structure is in SI units
MergedProd Merged Product Streams
FeedStreams Feed Streams
ProdStreams Product Streams
Temparature K Product Temperature
Pressure KPA Product Pressure
ConvCoeffA Conversion Coefficient A
ConvCoeffB Conversion Coefficient B
ConvCoeffC Conversion Coefficient C
HeatsOfReaction KJ/Kg-mol Heat of Reaction
BaseCompID Base Component
BaseCompNumbers Base Component index
SIM4ME 48

StoiCoeff Stoichiometric Coefficients
NumberOfReactions Number Of Reactions
Mapping
ProII Reactor
TL Parameter ROMeo Parameters HYSYS Parameters
Parameters
CurrentFeeds NumOfFeeds FeedStreams.size
Derived from
CurrentProducts NumOfProds VapourProd and
LiquidProd
MergedProduct MergedProd
FeedData FeedStreams FeedStreams FeedStreams
Derived from
ProductData ProdStreams ProdStreams VapourProd and
LiquidProd
If either the vapour or
liquid product
OutTempCalc Temparature v_v_ProdTemp temperature is
specified , it is used
here
OutPresCalc Pressure v_v_ProdPres Pressure
ConvCoeff ConvCoeffA v_v_A C0
ConvCoeffB ConvCoeffB v_v_B C1
ConvCoeffC ConvCoeffC v_v_C C2
HeatsOfReaction HeatsOfReaction HReaction
BaseCompID BaseCompID BaseComponent
BaseCompNumbers BaseCompNumbers
StoiCoefIn StoiCoeff Stoich
NumRxns
NumberOfReactions NumberOfReactions =1
NumAdditionalRxns
PressureFlag PressureFlag =1
RxType RxType =0
ConvBasisFlag ConvBasisFlag =1
If vapour or liquid
product temperature is
RxOperType RxOperType
supplied set to 1,
otherwise 2
ReactorPresDropCalc PressureDrop DeltaP
NumConvCoeff NumConvCoeff =3
NumStoicCoeff =0
XoptionFlag XoptionFlag =0
See
RxnID RxnID HSTLConvReactorMa
pper.cpp
SIM4ME 49
Calculation of Derived Parameter from PRO II to TL Layer
There is no derived parameter calculation for translation from PRO/II to TL layer mapping.
There is no derived parameter calculation for translation from TL to ROMeo layer mapping.
SIM4ME 50
Equilibrium Reactor
This document describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II and HYSYS™
Equilibrium Reactor translation. ROMeo and Dynsim do not currently support Equilibrium
reactors.
Currently only the basic modes of operation are handled by the translation. Complex modes, such
as overriding the Reaction data section are currently not translated.
Base Pro II Model
The Equilibrium reactor module simulates a reactor by solving the heat and material balances for
one or more simultaneous reactions based on stoichiometry, equilibrium constant, and approach
to equilibrium data. The module may operate in adiabatic mode with or without heat duty
specified, or in isothermal mode either at a specified temperature or at the feed temperature.
Normally, the reaction stoichiometry, heat of reaction data, and reaction equilibrium data are
taken from a reaction set in the Reaction Data Section.
Parameters
Unit Class: [EquReactor]

CurrentPseudoProds
PseudoProdData
FeedHolderData
ProductHolderData
1 = Specified Tout;
2 = ADIABATIC;
3 = ISOTHERMAL
RxOperPhaseFlag 1 = VAPOR PHASE Reaction
2 = LIQUID PHASE Reaction
PressureFlag 1=PRESSURE; 2=DELTA P
SIM4ME 51

component slate)
BaseCompID Array of base component names
RxnSetID Reaction set ID
OutPressCalc kPa Outlet pressure
ReactorDutyCalc kJ/sec Reactor duty (adiabatic operation)
IsoDTFeed K Temperature difference from feed
ProdEnthalpy kJ/sec Product enthalpy
AdiaTmaxIn K Adiabatic Tmax
AdiaTminIn K Adiabatic Tmin
ReactorPresDropCalc kPa Pressure Drop
XoptionFlag 0 = Stop calculations;
1 = No reaction;
2 = ADD MAKE-UP;
3 = REDUCE CONVERSION
NegCompFlag Negative components
0=No; 1=Yes
HeatBalanceFlag 0 = Do Heat balance;
1 = Don't do Heat balance
RxType 0 = Equilibrium REACTOR;
1 = SHIFT REACTOR;
2 = METHANATOR
TempFracApprFlag Whether approach temperature or fractional
approach
EquilTempApproach Equilibrium approach temperatures for each
K
reaction
NumConvCoeff Number of coeff to express FRACTIONAL
APPROACH (=3)
FracApprCoeff Fractional approach coefficients
ShiftRxnDataIn SHIFT data
0=No; 1=Yes
MethRxnDataIn METHANATION data
0=No; 1=Yes
CalcConversions fraction

HeatsOfReaction kJ/kmol Heats of Reaction
HeatOfRxnBaseComp Base component for heat of reaction
RefPhaseFlag Reference phase for heat of reaction 1 =
VAPOR; 2 = LIQUID
HeatOfRxnRefTemp K Reference temperature for Heat of Reaction
NumEquilCoeff Number of coeff to express EQUILIBRIUM
SIM4ME 52

data (=8)
EquilCoeff Equilibrium coefficients (input)
StoiCoefIn Stoichiometry coefficients (input)
EquilCoeffCalc Equilibrium coefficients (calc)
EquWtUOMCalc Equilibrium Constant WT UOM Qualifier
EquLiqvUOMCalc Equilibrium Constant LIQV UOM Qualifier
EquPresUOMCalc Equilibrium Constant PRES UOM Qualifier
EquTempUOMCalc Equilibrium Constant TEMP UOM Qualifier
Parameters
Unit Class: [EquilibriumReactorOpObject]

FeedStreams ALIAS
hmentName
ReactionSet ALIAS
ReactionSet.AttachmentNa Reaction set name
me
ReactionName ALIAS
Reaction names
x_Reaction.Value
Energy ALIAS
Name
VapourProd ALIAS
VapourProduct.Attachment Vapour product name
Name
LiquidProd ALIAS
LiquidProduct.Attachment Liquid product name
Name
IsIgnored
DutyType
VesselPressureSpec
HeaterType
Approach Temperature (There is actually only
ApproachDT ALIAS one of these because it seems HYSYS allows
C
x_DeltaT.Value only one reaction. But we
convert into an array)
1st Coefficient for fractional approach. These are
C0 ALIAS actually specified in the Reaction section in
x_C0.SpecifiedValue HYSYS and must be copied to here in the XML.
That's handy because in PRO/II this data goes in
SIM4ME 53

the unit op.
2nd Coefficient for fractional approach. These
are actually specified in the Reaction section in
C1 ALIAS
HYSYS and must be copied to here in the XML.
x_C1.SpecifiedValue
the unit op.
3rd Coefficient for fractional approach. These
are actually specified in the Reaction section in
C2 ALIAS
HYSYS and must be copied to here in the XML.
x_C2.SpecifiedValue
the unit op.
The following Equilibrium Coefficients are not transferred across - they come from the reaction
data section but must be copied into the Reactor unit in the XML.
FLOATARRAY: A ALIAS x_A.SpecifiedValue

FLOATARRAY: B ALIAS x_B.SpecifiedValue
FLOATARRAY: C ALIAS x_C.SpecifiedValue
FLOATARRAY: D ALIAS x_D.SpecifiedValue
FLOATARRAY: E ALIAS x_E.SpecifiedValue
FLOATARRAY: F ALIAS x_F.SpecifiedValue
FLOATARRAY: G ALIAS x_G.SpecifiedValue
FLOATARRAY: H ALIAS x_H.SpecifiedValue
Dummy Parameters
STRINGARRAY: ProdStreams //Non-existent

FLOAT: AdiaTmaxIn //Non-existent - come through as RMISS
FLOAT: AdiaTminIn //Non-existent - come through as RMISS
SIM4ME 54
Parameters
Class Name: [EquReactor]

NumComps Number of components
2 "Adiabatic"
RxOperPhase Reaction Phase flag
1 "Vapor"
2 "Liquid"
RxnSetID Reaction Set name
component slate)
BaseCompID Base component names
Pressure kPa Outlet pressure
PresDrop kPa Pressure drop
Temperature K Outlet temperature
ReactorDuty kJ/s Reactor Duty (adiabatic operation)
IsoDTFeed
ProdEnthalpy
AdiaTmaxIn K Max Temperature (adiabatic operation)
AdiaTminIn K Min Temperature (adiabatic operation)
DeltaTemp K
XoptionFlag 0 = Stop calculations;
1 = No reaction;
2 = ADD MAKE-UP;
3 = REDUCE CONVERSION
NegCompFlag Negative components
0=No; 1=Yes
HeatBalanceFlag 0 = Do Heat balance;
1 = Don't do Heat balance
RxType 0 = Equilibrium REACTOR;
1 = SHIFT REACTOR;
SIM4ME 55

2 = METHANATOR
TempFracApprFlag Whether approach temperature or fractional
approach
EquilTempApproach Equilibrium approach temperatures for each
K
reaction
NumFracCoeff Number of coeff to express FRACTIONAL
APPROACH (=3)
FracApprCoeff Fractional approach coefficients
ShiftRxnDataIn SHIFT data ?
0=No; 1=Yes
MethRxnDataIn METHANATION data ?
0=No; 1=Yes
Conversion fraction
NumEquilCoeff Num coeff to express EQUILIBRIUM data (8)
EquilCoeff
HeatsOfReaction
SIM4ME 56
Expander
This document describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II Expander translation to
the Dynsim and ROMeo Expander and a HYSYS™ Expander to a PRO/II Expander.
Base PRO/II Model
The expander unit simulates a single stage isentropic expansion in PRO/II. The operating
specifications for the expander unit are the outlet conditions (outlet pressure, pressure drop,
pressure ratio, work) and the expander efficiency. If the outlet pressure is specified, the power
generated and the outlet temperature is calculated. If work is specified, the corresponding
letdown pressure is calculated.
Parameters

The number of feed streams currently attached to the unit.
Since Expander is a flow device in Dynsim with only one
CurrentFeeds
input stream, a Header is added at the upstream if the value
of this parameter is >= 2
The number of product streams currently attached to the
unit. Since Expander is a flow device in Dynsim with only
CurrentProducts one output stream, a Drum is added at the downstream, to
account for phase separation, if there is more than one
product stream.
The stream ID of the merged feed stream. This is an internal
MergedFeed feed stream that is used to set the Temperature, Pressure,
enthalpy and composition of all feed streams
MergedProduct feed stream that is used to set the Temperature, Pressure,
enthalpy and composition of all fproduct streams
A vector containing the IDs of all of the feed streams.
temperature, pressure, or composition of the individual
FeedData
streams, only the ID of the stream. In PRO/II the ID can be
used to retrieve the stream data block which contains a
complete description of the stream
A vector containing the IDs of all of the product streams.
ProductData
See FeedData.
ProductStoreData A vector containing the product phases corresponding to
SIM4ME 57

each of the product stream.
This is the temperature of the expander product streams and
should be identical in value to that of the MergedProduct
TempOutletCalc K stream. PRO/II uses this variable to make the product
stream temperatures available to other units through the
spec/vary/define subsystem.
This variable will be identical to the pressure of the
MergedProd stream.
It may be different from the PressOutletIn parameter, which
is the user-entered value for the outlet pressure.
PressOutletIn is not changed by PRO-II during its unit
PressOutCalc kPa
calculations.
PressOutCalc is likely to be a correct and consistent value.
So, mapping using the outlet pressure should pick up this
PressOutCalc in preference over PressOutletIn. [Also: See
TempOutletCalc]
Calculated value of adiabatic efficiency used in the work
EffAdiaCalc
calculation
WorkActualCalc KJ/sec Calculated value of Work that is derived from the expander
3
VolFlowVapInlet m /sec Inlet volumetric flow rate
Feed adiabatic flash stream ID. Used in initializing
AdiaStrmID
Expander feed flash
Feed isentropic flash stream ID. Used in initializing
IsenStrmID
Expander isentropic flash
WorkTheoCalc kJ/sec Isentropic work calculated by PRO-II
WorkIn kJ/sec User entered Work by the Expander
HeadCalc m Calculated Head for Expander
Ratio of outlet pressure to inlet pressure of expander
PressRatioCalc Dimensionless
calculated by PRO-II.
PressDropCalc kPa Calculated pressure drop across the expander.
This flag is used to select the specification either based on
pressure or work.
SpecFlag Dimensionless
For all Pressure related spec, SpecFlag = 1.
For Work, the SpecFlag = 2.
This is a user-entered value for the Outlet pressure of the
Expander. By default, PRO-II initializes this with a value
1.5e+035. So, its value will be different only if the user
PressOutletIn kPa enters a different value.
So, spec mapping is done as follows. If the SpecFlag is one
and PressOutletIn value != -1.5e+035, then this need to
considered as specification.
Internal input parameter for pressure. If the SpecFlag is one
PressDropIn kPa and PressDropIn value != -1.5e+035, then this need to
Internal input parameter for pressure. If the SpecFlag is one
PressRatioIn Dimensionless and PressRatioIn value! = -1.5e+035, then this needs to
SIM4ME 58
Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models: Header – Expander - Drum
The Expander is a flow device that can be used to model a steam turbine or a gas expander. It can
be standalone or power derived, in which case, it can be used to drive a shaft, compressor, or a
pump. When connected to the shaft, the shaft sets the speed of the expander via a mechanical
stream.
Header is used for mixing up all streams and sending a single MergedFeed to Flow Device.
Parameters

J (kg/sec)/sqrt(kPa-kg/m3) Volumetric Flow
FI kg-mol/sec Inlet flow
Power KJ/sec Power generated
Q m3/sec Volumetric flow
Speed rpm Expander speed
Equivalent ROMeo Model / Models:
The Expander unit models a single-stage isentropic expansion with a single feed and a single
product stream.
The operating specifications for Expander unit include various pressure, work or head
specifications and the Expander efficiency. You can supply a specific value for these parameters
or a performance curve.
The following assumptions and restrictions apply to the expander model:
• The Expander model is restricted to one feed and one product stream.
• You must add a Mixer before the unit to accommodate multiple feed streams.
• ROMeo does not allow the specification of the outlet temperature as an alternative to an
expander efficiency specification.
The feed stream is represented as a single-phase vapor stream model, requiring the vapor entropy
in addition to the basic stream variables. The product stream is also a vapor stream. The
Expander model adds an internal stream to perform the isentropic calculations.
SIM4ME 59
The Expander model checks the feed stream phase at cross-check time and generates a warning if
the feed stream has not been set to single-phase vapor. Similarly, when output is requested for
the product stream, a flash calculation is performed. If a liquid phase is detected in the product, a
warning is generated.
The user input is as follows:
• The first specification is a outlet pressure, pressure drop or pressure ratio work, or head
condition.
• The second operating specification is the efficiency of the expander.
• Component slate and thermodynamic method for the unit (required).
Parameters
Some of the Pro/II parameters, as described in Pro/II section will be used. Following additional
parameters/parameter details are needed in ROMeo:

MoleFrac fraction Mole fraction [“Comp”] of stream
PhaseFrac fraction Phase fraction [“Vapor”] of stream
Enth kJ/kg Enthalpy
SumMoleFrac fraction Sum of mole fractions
VolFlowPerRPM m3/sec/rpm Volumetric flow per second per rotation
Efficiency percent Adiabatic efficiency of expander
Currenteff percent Current Efficiency.
BaselineEff percent Base line efficiency, as the case may be.
EffOffsetFromBaseline percent Difference between the baseline and adiabatic
efficiency.
RefSpeedRatio Dimensionless Reference speed ratio
Speed rps Rotation per second.
RefSpeed rps Rotation per second.
PowerEconManager Currency/sec Cost of utility
Note: For Isentropic Stream parameters, refer to Stream parameters
Equivalent HYSYS Model: Expander
The HYSYS™ Expander is a flow device that is used to model a steam turbine or a gas expander.
It can be connected to an Energy Stream that defines the Expander duty. Outlet pressure or
pressure drop across the Expander can be specified. Since HYSYS™ uses the same model for its
steady-state and dynamic state, it supports multiple-curves at different speeds. It also interpolates
between the speeds to calculate the head and efficiency at a given operating speed if different
from the curve reference speed.
SIM4ME 60
Parameters
Expander Parameter UOM Description

AdiabaticEfficiency The Adiabatic or Polytropic efficiency of the
Expander.
UseAdiabaticEfficiencySpec Based on which of these flags is “ON”, the
above parameter, “AdiabaticEfficiency” holds
UsePolytropicEfficiencySpec the value of Adiabatic efficiency or the
Polytropic Efficiency
DeltaP
kPa The pressure drop across the Expander
UseDutySpec
UseDeltaPSpec These flags indicate which of the following
UseHeadSpec specs is specified in Hysys Expander:
UseCapacitySpec duty/DeltaP/Head/Capacity.
FeedStreams ALIAS
Array of the names of Feed Streams attached to
x_FeedStream.TaggedName String
the Expander
ProdStreams ALIAS
x_ProductStream.TaggedNa Array of the names of Product Streams attached
String
me to the Expander
EnergyStream ALIAS Name of the Energy stream attached to the

String
EnergyStream.TaggedName Expander
IsCurve ALIAS
CompExpCurveData.CompE Flag specifies if a Head Vs Curve is active in
xpCurvesEnabled Hysys.
EfficiencyType ALIAS This indicates what type of efficiency type

CompExpCurveData.CompE String (adiabatic or Polytropic) has been specified in
xpCurveEfficiencyType the Curves.
CurveDataPointNumber This is the Curve Point number
CurveNumber ALIAS
CompExpCurveData.CompE Array of Curve numbers. If there are three
xpCurve.Number curves defined, this has the three numbers 1,2,3.
CurveName ALIAS
CompExpCurveData.x_Com
Array of names of the Curves like: “Curve-at-
pExpCurve.CompExpCurve String
3600” etc.
Name
CurveSpeed ALIAS
CompExpCurveData.x_Com Array of the Reference speeds at which the
RPM
pExpCurve.Speed Curve data has been supplied.
CurveHeadUnits ALIAS
CompExpCurveData.x_Com Array of the UOM for Head in the curve
pExpCurve.HeadUnits
SIM4ME 61
Expander Parameter UOM Description

CurveFlowUnits ALIAS
Array of the UOM for Flow in the curve
pExpCurve.FlowUnits
IsCurveActive ALIAS
CompExpCurveData.x_Com This Flag indicates if a supplied Head-Flow
pExpCurve.CurveActive curve is active or inactive.
CurveDataPointFlow ALIAS
This array stores all the Flow data for all the
pExpCurve.CurveDataPoint.
supplied data points.
Flow
CurveDataPointHead ALIAS
CompExpCurveData.x_Com This array stores all the Head data for all the
pExpCurve.CurveDataPoint. supplied data points.
Head
CurveDataPointEff ALIAS
This array stores all the Head data for all the
pExpCurve.CurveDataPoint.
supplied data points.
Efficiency
FluidPkg ALIAS
Stores the Fluid package associated with.
FluidPackage.FluidPackage
Common Data Base Structure - Expander
Parameters

NumOfFeeds Number of feeds to expander
NumOfProds Number of products from expander
FeedStreams Array containing IDs of Feed streams
ProdStreams Array containing IDs of Product streams
PressureOutlet kPa Outlet pressure of Expander
PressureRatio Ratio of outlet to inlet pressure across expander
PressureDrop kPa Pressure drop across Expander
Efficiency percent Actual Efficiency
Power kW Theoretical work developed by Expander
Temperature K Expander exit temperature
VolFlow m3/sec Volumetric flow across Expander
Head kJ/kg Actual Head
Pressure kPa Inlet Pressure
VolFlowPerRPM m3/sec/rpm Volumetric Flow per RPM
LowPDFlag Flag to check Low Pressure drop across expander
Flag to check presence of two-phase in Expander
TwoPhaseFlagFeed
feed since ROMeo Expander cannot take liquid in
SIM4ME 62

feed.
Flag to map PRO-II Expander specification to
SpecFlag
corresponding ones in the destination product
COMPSLATE Component Slate used in PRO-II
MethodSlate Method Slate used in PRO-II
FlowConductance For Flow Conductance in DynSim
EfficiencySelection For Efficiency Selection in ROMeo.
MolarFlow kg-mol/sec Molar flow across the Expander.
ProductStoreData
ISENSTREAM
VARIABLES:
IsenStrmID Stream ID of the Isenstream.
NumComps
IsenMolarFlow Isentropic stream molar flow
IsenSpecificEnthalpy Isentropic stream Specific enthalpy
IsenTemperature Isentropic stream Temperature
IsenPressure Isentropic stream Pressure
IsenVaporFraction Isentropic stream vapor fraction
IsenLiquidFraction Isentropic stream liquid fraction
IsenLiquid2Fraction Isentropic stream water fraction
IsenMW Isentropic stream molecular weight
IsenMolarDensity Isentropic stream molar density
IsenSpecificEntropy Isentropic stream specific entropy
IsenCompMoleFraction Isentropic stream component mole fraction
The merged feed stream is used to update the properties (states.dat) of the upstream Header
incase there is more than one feed stream to the PROII Expander.
The merged product stream is used to initialize the exit flash (states.dat) of the Expander.
The feed adiabatic flash stream is used to initialize the feed flash (states.dat) of the Expander.
The feed isentropic stream is used to initialize the isentropic flash (states.dat) of the Expander.
Expander Sizing
The expander flow conductance is calculated as follows:
∆P ∗ MergedFeed.Density
J = MergedFeed.Flow ∗
MergedFeed.Mw
SIM4ME 63
Validate Feeds
When there are multiple inputs to the PROII Expander is added in the TL layer to set single
mixed input to the expander. The TLHeader is characterized by volume, total moles and
individual component moles. These parameters are calculated as follows:
Volume = ResidenceTime ⋅ MergedFeed.TotalMolarFlow / MergedFeed.BulkDensity

TotalMoles = Volume ⋅ MergedFeed.BulkDensity
CompMolesState[i ] = MT ⋅ MergedFeed.CompMoleFraction[i ]
Validate Products
When there is more than one product stream from the Expander, a Drum is inserted at the
downstream to account for phase separation.
Molar Density
The molar density of the stream in TL Layer is calculated as follows:
MolarDensity = BulkDensity / BulkMw
When TLHeader is translated to DSHeader additional parameters like area of heat transfer and
metal mass should be calculated. The DSHeader Area and Mm (MetalMass) are calculated as
follows:
4 ⋅ Volume
Diameter = 3
H / D Ratio ⋅ π
Height = H / D Ratio ⋅ Diameter
Area = π ⋅ Diameter ⋅ Height
Mm = π ⋅ Diameter ⋅ Thickness ⋅ Height ⋅ MergedFeed .MolarDensity
( Density = 7760kg / m 3 )
Only one calculation is needed to calculate VolFlowPerRPM:
VolFlowPerRPM = VolFlowVapInlet / Speed
where:
VolFlowVapInlet = Volumetric Flowrate, m3/sec,
Speed = rotations per second, rps,
VolFlowPerRPM = Volumetric Flowrate per Rotation, m3/sec/rps.
SIM4ME 64
Fired Heater
This document describes the scope and various scenarios of translation of the PRO/II User added
module to the ROMeo Unit Ops. Currently Fired Heater UAM is translated into ROMeo Firebox.
Base Pro II Model
PRO/II User added modules are custom built module and designed for unit operation or unit
process. Fired Heater is a user added module and it raises the temperature of fluid on one side by
burning fuel on the other side. The Fired Heater model acts as a combustion reactor and heat
exchanger.
The Fired Heater unit operation has two sections as in heat exchanger. In the Process Side,
process fluid to be heated is sent to tube side and comes out of the exit. In the Combustion Side,
one or more streams comprising of Fuel and Air are sent in and one exit for FLUE gas; where a
combustion reactor is modeled. Only Heat transfer occurs across the two sides. No mass transfer
occurs across the two sides. Feeds to the Fired Heater unit operation can be to either of these two
sides.
There will be one or more hydrocarbon (fuel) and air/Oxygen streams feeding the unit operation.
These streams will be burned to produce a single product stream on the combustion side.
Units of Measure
Internal Units of Measure for the ROMeo are mostly in SI units and the deviations are consistent
across PRO II and Dynsim
Parameters
Valve Parameter UOM Description

The number of feed streams currently
CurrentFeeds
The number of product streams
CurrentProducts
currently attached to the unit
A vector containing the IDs of all of
the feed streams. FeedData does not
contain specific data such as the
temperature, pressure, or composition
FeedData of the individual streams, only the ID
of the stream. In PRO/II the ID can be
used to retrieve the stream data block
which contains a complete description
of the stream
ProductData
the product streams. See FeedData
Vector of parameter names of User
IuParName
Added Module
SIM4ME 65

Vector of calculated values of
RparmDataCalc
parameters, defined under IuParName.
Vector of user specified values of
RparmDataIn
parameters, defined under IuParName.
User added Module type
IuAccUAType e.g.”FURNACE”. Used for mapping
in TL to Destination holder mapper.
The stream ID of the merged feed
MergedFeed stream. This is an internal Feed
stream.
The stream ID of the merged product
stream. This is an internal product
MergedProduct stream that is used to set the
Temperature, Pressure, enthalpy and
composition of all product streams
Equivalent ROMeo Model: Firebox
The Firebox unit acts as a combination Reactor model and Simple Heat Exchanger model. The
fuel on the combustion side reacts with air, releasing heat that is radiated to an array of tubes
carrying the process stream.
For modeling purposes, the Firebox is divided into three segments the combustion side, the
process side, and the firebox model providing the equations that connect the two sides.
The tubeskin temperature is predicted from heat balances around the reactor/heat transfer system,
from radiative heat transfer equations from the radiating gas to the tube, and from regular heat
transfer equations from the surface of the tube to the process stream within the tube.
Parameters

Combustion side component slate. New comp slate will be
~CombustionCOMP
created in ROMeo Simulation with this name. CO2, N2, O2,
SLATE
SO2 and H2O are components of this slate.
~ProcessCOMPSLA
Process side component slate.
TE
~ProcessMethodSlat
Process side method slate.
e
~CombustionMethod
Combustion side method slate.
Slate
SpecMaxTubeskinTe
TubeSkin specification.
mp
v_AtmosphericTemp K Ambient temperature.
v_AvgTubeskinTem
K Average Tubeskin temperature.
p
v_GasTubeHeatTran Kj/Sec/K⁴ Gas to Tube heat transfer coefficient.
SIM4ME 66

sCoef
v_GasWallHeatTran
Kj/Sec/K⁴ Gas to Wall heat transfer coefficient.
sCoef
v_MaxTubeskinTem
K Maximum tubeskin temperature
p
v_PctWallLoss % Percent of heat loss to ambient.
v_ProcessDuty Kj/Sec Process side duty.
v_RadGasCorrConst Radiant Gas correction factor.
v_TempRatio Temperature Ratio.
v_TubeskinDeltaTe
K Tubeskin delta temperature.
mp
v_TubeProcHeatTra
Kj/Sec/K Tube to process heat transfer coefficient.
nsCoef
v_WallHeatLoss Kj/Sec Heat loss through wall.
v_WallAtmHeatTran
Kj/Sec/K Wall to atmosphere heat transfer coefficient.
sCoef
v_WallTemp K Wall temperature.
v_BridgewallTemp K Bridgewall Temperature.
v_ProcessOutTemp K Process Outlet temperature
ProcSide.v_PresDrop kPa Process Side pressure drop.
SpecGasTube Gas to tube heat transfer coefficient specification.
SpecTubeProc Tube to process heat transfer coefficient specification
SpecAvgTubeTemp Average tube temperature specification.
SpecProcessTemp Process outlet temperature specification.
SpecProcessDuty Process side duty specification.
SpecGasWall Gas to wall heat transfer coefficient specification.
SpecWallAtm Wall to ambient heat transfer coefficient specification.
SpecWallTemp Wall temperature specification.
SpecWallLoss Wall heat loss specification.
SpecPctLoss Percent loss specification.
SpecBridgeTemp Bridge Temperature specification.
Pressure Drop choice, 0 = outlet pressure, 1 = pressure drop,
ProcSide.PresChoice
2 = co-relation.
Common Data Base Structure - UaUOP
Parameters
Pro/II Valve
Parameters TL Parameter
CurrentFeeds NumOfFeeds
CurrentProducts NumOfProds
MergedProduct
MergedFeed
FeedData FeedStreams
ProductData ProdStreams
SIM4ME 67
To keep TL persistent to all user added module, while going from P2 to TL layer, the parameter
vector and calculated value and input value are expanded and assigned to individual parameter.
Hence, each parameter is post-fixed as “Calc” and “In.” So XXXCalc is calculated value for
parameter XXX and XXXIn is user Specified value for that variable. The XXXIn values are used
to map specification in destination application.
There is no derived parameter calculation for translation from PRO/II to TL layer mapping.
SIM4ME 68
Flash
This document describes the scope and various scenarios of translation of the PRO/II Flash unit
operation to an equivalent Dynsim and ROMeo unit operations and a HYSYS™ Separator/3-
PhaseSeparator/Tank to a PRO/II Flash unit operation.
Base PRO/II Model
The Flash unit operation calculates the thermodynamic state of any stream when two
specifications (e.g. temperature and pressure) are given. Once the phase equilibrium is
determined, the phases may be separated into distinct product streams. The duty required to
achieve this state is reported for all Flash Types, except adiabatic flash.
Flash does the following phase calculations:
(a) VLE Calculations: Two phase calculations containing one vapor and one liquid phase
(b) VLLE Calculations: Three phase calculations containing one vapor and two liquid phases.
(c) Electrolytic Calculations: Calculating the equilibrium for aqueous systems.
A flash calculation type is selected based on your choice for the first and second specifications of
the Flash and various Flash configurations that can configure were
Adiabatic Flash - Pressure (first specification) and duty (second specification).
Isothermal Flash - Temperature and Pressure (one of them for the first specification and the
other for second specification).
General Dew Point Flash - Either Pressure or Temperature (first specification) and dew point
(second specification).
Water Dew Point Flash - Either pressure or temperature (first specification) and the water dew
point (second specification).
Hydrocarbon Dew Point Flash - Either Pressure or Temperature (first specification) and the
hydrocarbon dew point (second specification).
Bubble Point Flash - Either Pressure or Temperature (first specification), and Bubble point
(second specification)
Isentropic Flash – Either Temperature or Pressure (first specification) and isentropic process
(second specification)
Stream specification Flash- Either Pressure or Temperature (first specification) and supply a
value for a Generalized Performance Specification for the product stream (second specification)
Entrainment: One can specify the extent of entrainment, if any, from one phase to another in the
flash unit. Entrainment calculations are done after the original flash calculations are completed.
The final product streams after the entrainment calculations may be different from the flash
specifications.
SIM4ME 69
Parameters

The number of feed streams currently attached to the
CurrentFeeds
unit
CurrentProducts
unit
The stream ID of the merged Feed stream. This is an
internal Feed stream that is used to set the Temperature,
MergedFeed
Pressure, enthalpy and composition of all product
streams
The stream ID of the merged product stream. This is an
internal product stream that is used to set the
MergedProduct
Temperature, Pressure, enthalpy and composition of all
product streams
FeedData
streams, only the ID of the stream. In PRO/II the ID can
be used to retrieve the stream data block which contains
a complete description of the stream
ProductData
See FeedData
A vector containing the phase information of all the
ProductStoreData
product streams.
This is the temperature of the Flash product streams and
stream. PRO/II uses this variable to make the product
TempCalc K
spec/vary/define subsystem. The value is set during the
PRO/II flow sheet solve
This variable is similar to TempCalc and should be
identical to the pressure of the MergedProduct stream. It
may be different from the PressIn parameter, which is
PressCalc kPa
set by the user and is not changed by the unit
calculations. PressCalc should be assumed to be a
correct and consistent value. PressIn should not be used.
This is the calculated value of pressure drop across the
PressDropCalc kPa
Flash. See TempCalc and PressCalc
This is the calculated value of Duty in the Flash to
DutyCalc KJ/sec
satisfy the specifications.
DutyIn KJ/sec User specified duty.
Flag specifying whether pressure or temperature or both
PresTempFlag
are specified.
Flag specifying whether pressure or pressure drop is
PresDPFlag
specified.
Type Flag indicating kind of flash specification.
EntrainmentCount Number of entrainments specified.
EntrType Type of entrainment specifications: Rate, Fraction or
SIM4ME 70

Percent.
EntrFromPhase Phase from which moles are transferred.
EntrToPhase Phase to which moles are transferred
EntrMolarRates kg-mol/sec Molar rates of entrainment
Values of entrainment caculated in terms of input
EntrValuesCalc Various
specifications (Rate, Fraction or Percent).
PRO/II
UOM Description
MergedFeedStream
fraction The bulk composition of the product streams.
VaporComposition, LiquidCompostion and
SolidComposition give other compositions. If two liquid
phases exist, Liquid Composition is the bulk composition
of the liquid phase. Otherwise, it is simply the
TotalComposition composition of the liquid
TotalMolarEnthalpy kJ/kg-mol Total Enthalpy
VaporFraction fraction Vapor fraction
LiquidFraction fraction Liquid1 fraction
WaterFraction fraction Decant water fraction
The fraction of solids in the stream. If it has a positive
SolidFraction fraction non-zero value, solids are present. This should be flagged
as an error condition.
BulkMwOfPhase Bulk Molecular weight
BulkDensityAct kg-mol/m3 Bulk molar density
PRO/II Feed Stream UOM Description

TotalMolarRate kg-mol/sec Total molar flow rate
The Drum is a pressure node object that can be used as two or three phase separation vessel.
Drum includes a single holdup volume such that the vapor and liquid are always in thermal and
vapor/liquid or vapor/liquid/liquid equilibrium. Since the Drum is a single holdup model, all
outlet streams will be at the same temperature.
The Drum uses compressible holdup dynamics and automatically switches to incompressible
holdup if it is liquid filled. The Drum accounts for heat transfer from fluid to the metal and metal
to surroundings, permits heat transfer from external sources directly to the metal and/or fluid
through heat streams.
The iterated and explicit solution options are available for pressure calculations. The iterated
solution option is used for small volume compressible systems, and the explicit solution option is
used for large volume compressible systems.
SIM4ME 71
Assumptions in Drum Sizing
The Drum in DynSim is sized based on following assumptions:
• Residence time for the liquid is 5 minutes and for vapor is 5 seconds.
• If there is both vapor and liquid present, assume 50% liquid, 50% vapor.
• Otherwise, 100% liquid or 100% vapor.
• Aspect ratio is 4.0.
• Minimum Diameter of drum is 0.5 meter.
• Boot will be added if there is a liquid2 stream even with zero flow.
• Aspect ratio for boot is 4.0. Minimum Diameter of boot is 0.15*Diameter of main
section.
• Actual volume of boot will be 1.05 * (liquid2 holdup).
Parameters

Orientation Orientation of the drum
Diameter m Drum diameter
Length m Drum surface Length
Thickness m Drum metal Thickness
Boot Diameter m Diameter of the boot that is used to withdraw second liquid
Boot Length m Length/Height of the boot that is used to withdraw second
liquid
Z [0]...........Z [i]
FLASH.Z fraction Composition
[0]...FLASH.Z [i]
H & FLASH.H kJ/kg-mol Enthalpy
P & FLASH.P kPa Pressure
T & FLASH.T K Temperature
ROMeo flash model is similar to PRO/II model. It calculates the phase separation based on two
user specified specifications. Allowed specifications are: Pressure or Pressure Drop, Temperature,
Duty, Adiabatic, Dew Point, Bubble Point and Vapor Fraction. One can also specify the extent of
entrainment from one phase to another in the flash unit. Entrainment calculations are done after
SIM4ME 72
the original flash calculations are completed. The final product streams after the entrainment
calculations may be different from the flash specifications.
Parameters and Variables
Flash Parameter UOM Description

streams. FeedData does not contain specific data
such as the temperature, pressure, or composition of
~FeedStreams the individual streams, only the ID of the stream. In
PRO/II the ID can be used to retrieve the stream data
block which contains a complete description of the
stream
~ProdStreams
~FeedPorts A vector containing the name of Feed ports.
~ProdPorts A vector containing the name of Product ports.
IntStr.v_Prop A vector containing properties. At present, it
contains only molar enthalpy.
Set over which IntStr.v_Prop
~Props
is defined.
A vector containing flows in various units.
IntStr.v_Flow
Currently, it contains value for only Molar flow.
Set over which IntStr.v_Flow
~Flows
is defined.
Spec1 Stores the first specification
Spec2 Stores the second specification
Name of the stream with respect to which pressure
PresDropName
drop is specified.
This is the calculated value of pressure drop across
v_PresDropt kPa
the Flash.
Vector containing pressure drop for each of the feed
IntMix.v_PresDrops kPa
stream.
IntMix.v_Pres,
kPa Calculated Pressure
IntStr.v_Pres
This is the calculated value of Duty in the Flash to
IntMix.v_Duty KJ/sec
satisfy the specifications.
IntStr.v_Temp K Calculated temperature
IntStr.v_MoleFrac fraction Overall composition of the flash product
IntStr.v_PhaseFrac fraction Vector containing phase fractions
Vector containing information regarding presence or
IntStr.Equil.PhasePresence
absence of phase.
IntStr.Vap.v_MoleFrac fraction Vapor composition
IntStr.Liq.v_MoleFrac fraction Liquid composition
IntSplit.UseEntrain Entrainment flag
IntSplit.EntrainFrom Phase from which moles are transferred.
IntSplit.EntrainTo Phase to which moles are transferred
IntSplit.v_EntrainFrac fraction Entrainment fractions
SIM4ME 73
Flash Parameter UOM Description

Set over which IntSplit.EntrainFrom,
IntSplit.AASET_Entrains IntSplit.EntrainTo and IntSplit.v_EntrainFrac
are defined.
Equivalent HYSYS Model – Separator / 3-Phase Separator / Tank
HYSYS™ for separation operations has a 2- Phase Separator (Separator), a 3-Phase Separator
and a Tank model. These models have process feed and product streams, and a heat stream
connected to the energy port.
The Separator and the Tank are translated as Flash unit operation with a two-phase separation in
PRO/II, whereas a 3-Phase Separator is translated as Flash with either a two-phase or a three-
phase separation in PRO/II.
The Separator and 3-Phase Separator can be specified in number of ways viz. Duty, Product
Temperature, etc. If Separator and 3-Phase Separator are specified with specification other than
Duty then it is mapped to the product temperature of the Flash unit operation of PRO/II.
Parameters

DutyType LONG Duty type as Yes/No
HeatFlow FLOAT Heat through energy stream
VesselPressureSpec LONG Vessel Pressure
DeltaP FLOAT Pressure Drop
FeedStreams ALIAS StringArray Feed Streams
x_FeedStream.Stream.TaggedNa
me
VapourProduct ALIAS String Name of the Vapor Product
LiquidProduct ALIAS String Name of the Liquid Product
EnergyStreams ALIAS String Name of the Energy Stream
STRING:HeavyProduct ALIAS String For 3-Phase Separator: Value of
HeavyProduct.TaggedName Heavy Product.
EntrainmentStatus ALIAS FLOAT Check to See Entrainemt
COverCalc.CarryOverModel
EntrainmentLG ALIAS FLOAT Liquid in Gas
COverCalc.COverSetupData.LgtI
nGas.ProductFractionSpec.Value
EntrainmentHG ALIAS FLOAT Heavy in Gas
COverCalc.COverSetupData.Hvy
InGas.ProductFractionSpec.Value
EntrainmentGL ALIAS FLOAT Gas In Liquid Variable
SIM4ME 74

COverCalc.COverSetupData.GasI
nLgt.ProductFractionSpec.Value
EntrainmentHL ALIAS FLOAT Heavy in Liquid Variable
COverCalc.COverSetupData.Hvy
InLgt.ProductFractionSpec.Value
EntrainmentGH ALIAS FLOAT Gas in Heavy Variable
COverCalc.COverSetupData.GasI
nHvy.ProductFractionSpec.Value
EntrainmentLH ALIAS FLOAT Liquid in Heavy Variable
COverCalc.COverSetupData.LgtI
nHvy.ProductFractionSpec.Value
Common Data Base Structure – Flash
Units of Measure
Parameters
DynSim
ProII Flash Parameters TL Parameter ROMeo Parameters
Parameters
MergedProduct MergedProd
FeedData FeedStreams OFeedStream ~FeedStreams
ProductData ProdStreams OProdStream ~ProdStreams
TempCalc Temparature T IntStr.v_Temp
IntMix.v_Pres,
PressCalc Pressure P
IntStr.v_Pres
PressDropCalc PressDrop v_PresDropt
DIA DIA
LEN LEN
DIABOOT DIABOOT
LENBOOT LENBOOT
DutyCalc QIMP QIMP IntMix.v_Duty
DutyIn SpecifiedDuty Spec2
Type FlashType Spec1, Spec2
PresDPFlag PresDPFlag Spec1, Spec2
PresTempFlag PresTempFlag Spec1, Spec2
EntrainmentCount EntrainmentCount
EntrType EntrType IntSplit.v_EntrainFrac
EntrFromPhase EntrFromPhase IntSplit.EntrainFrom
EntrToPhase EntrToPhase IntSplit.EntrainTo
EntrMolarRates EntrMolarRates
EntrValuesCalc EntrValues IntSplit.v_EntrainFrac
EntrainmentFlag IntSplit.UseEntrain
SIM4ME 75
PROII DynSim
TL Parameter ROMeo Parameters
MergedProductStream in Parameters
IntStr.v_MoleFrac
TotalComposition OverallComp Z
Liq.v_MoleFrac
LiquidComposition LiquidComposition
Vap.v_MoleFrac
VaporComposition VaporComposition
TotalMolarEnthalpy OverallEnth H IntStr.v_Prop[0]
VaporFraction VaporFraction VF IntStr.v_PhaseFrac
LiquidFraction LiquidFraction LF IntStr.v_PhaseFrac
WaterFraction WaterFraction LF2 IntStr.v_PhaseFrac
BulkMW MW MW
BulkDensity R R
DynSim
PROII Feed Stream TL Parameter ROMeo Parameters
Parameters
IntStr.v_Flow[0]
TotalMolarRate MolarFlow FI/FX
Dynsim
PROII Product Stream TL Parameter ROMeo Parameters
Parameters
TotalMolarRate MolarFlow FI/FX
The Flash in PROII is translated to Drum in TLLayer. Volume, total moles and individual
component moles characterize the TLDrum. These parameters are calculated as follows:
Drum Sizing is done as follows
Diameter calculation:
Volume and Height Calculation:
SIM4ME 76
Calculation of Derived Parameter from TL to Dynsim Layer
When TLDrum is translated to DS Drum additional parameters like area of heat transfer and
metal mass should be calculated.
SIM4ME 77
Gibbs Reactor
This topic describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II and HYSYS™ Gibbs Reactor
translation. ROMeo and Dynsim do not currently support Gibbs reactors.
Currently only the basic modes of operation are handled by the translation. Complex modes such
as overriding the Reaction data are currently not translated.
Base PRO/II Model
The Gibbs reactor module simulates a single-phase or multi-phase reactor by solving the heat and
material balances using minimization of Gibbs free energy. The module may operate in adiabatic
mode with or without specifying heat duty, or in isothermal mode with either a specified
temperature or the feed temperature.
Parameters
Unit Class: [Gibbs]

CurrentPseudoProds
PseudoProdData
FeedHolderData
ProductHolderData
OperFlagCalc Reactor operation mode
2 "Adiabatic"
RXNPhaseFlagCalc Reactor Phase flag! Note "3" is not used
1 "Vapor"
2 "Liquid"
3 "Vapor-Liquid"
4 "Liquid-Liquid"
5 "Vapor-Liquid-Liquid"
6 "Calculated"
SIM4ME 78

PressDropFlag 1=PRESSURE;
2=DELTA P;
NumRxn Number of stoichiometric reactions
ProdEstimFlagCalc Product estimate flag (input)
0 "PROII default"
1 "Weight Average"
2 "User Estimate"
ThermoUpdateFgCalc Physical property update flag
0 "Use Properties from Previous Iteration"
1 "Update Properties at Each Calulation Step"
MaxIterCalc Maximum iterations allowed
StartTrialCalc Iteration number before start phase
TrialFreqCalc Frequency of phase split trial
RxnSetNumber Reaction set ID
PressDropCalc kPa Pressure Drop
OutPressCalc kPa outlet pressure
OutTempCalc K outlet temperature
MaxTempIn K Adiabatic Tmax
MinTempIn K Adiabatic Tmin
GuessPhaseCalc Guessed phase when PHASE is unknown
1 "Vapor"
2 "Liquid"
3 "Vapor-Liquid"
4 "Liquid-Liquid"
5 "Vapor-Liquid-Liquid"
NumOfRxnComp Number of components
NumOfRxnExtent Number of reactions with EXTENT
RxnExtentCompIn Component ID for reaction EXTENT
specification
RxnExtentBasisIn Unit type for reaction EXTENT
0 "Weight"
1 "Mole"
GlobalTempApprCalc K Global temperature APPROACH
ConvergeTolerCalc Convergence tolerance
FibboTolerCalc Convergence tolerance for Fibonacci
DropPhaseCalc Elimination criterion of a fluid phase
Fixed Component Parameters

NumFixedMass No. of comps with fixed rates
FixMassCompIn Fixed-amount component ID (input)
FixedMassUnitCalc Unit flag for fixed-amount components

-1 "Percent"
0 "Weight"
1 "Mole"
SIM4ME 79
Parameters
Unit Class: [GibbsReactorOpObject]

FeedStreams ALIAS
hmentName
VapourProd ALIAS
VapourProduct.Attachment Vapour product stream name
Name
LiquidProd ALIAS
LiquidProduct.Attachment Liquid product stream name
Name
Energy ALIAS
Name
IsIgnored
DutyType
VesselPressureSpec
HeaterType
Dummy Parameters

FLOAT: AdiaTmaxIn //Non-existant - come through as RMISS
FLOAT: AdiaTminIn //Non-existant - come through as RMISS
SIM4ME 80
Parameters
Class Name: [Gibbs]

2 "Adiabatic"
RxOperPhase Reactor Phase flag
1 "Vapor"
2 "Liquid"
AdiaTmaxIn K Adiabatic Tmax
AdiaTminIn K Adiabatic Tmin
GlobalTempApprCalc K Global temperature APPROACH
ConvergeTolerCalc Convergence tolerance
FibboTolerCalc Convergence tolerance for Fibonacci
DropPhaseCalc Elimination criterion of a fluid phase
SIM4ME 81
LNG Exchanger
This section describes the scope and various scenarios of the HYSYS™ LNG Exchanger
translation to a PRO/II LNG Exchanger.
Base PRO/II Model – LNG Exchanger
LNG exchangers are multi-stream exchangers and these can exchange heat between any number
of hot and cold streams. These exchangers are used in cryogenic applications where obtaining a
close temperature approach is required. The internal units of measure for PRO/II are mostly in SI
units.
Parameters

the feed streams. FeedData does not
contain specific data such as the
temperature, pressure, or composition
FeedData None of the individual streams, only the ID
of the stream. In PRO/II the ID can be
used to retrieve the stream data block
which contains a complete description
of the stream.
ProductData None
the product streams. See FeedData
This is an array of specified outlet
TempspecValues K
temperature for each stream.
This is an array of pressure drop in
PressureDrops kPa
across each stream.
This integer indicates the spec
provided by user. For pressure spec its
NumSpecValues
value is “0” and for pressure drop spec
its value is “1”.
MethodData Thermodynamic method used to solve.
Equivalent Hysys Model – LNG Exchanger
LNG Exchanger can be configured in HYSYS by defining following parameters:
• Define a stream as hot stream or cold stream

• Define pressure drop for each stream
• Defining the specifications from among a choice of parameters such as UA, duty,
LMTD, DeltaT, heat balance, heat leak/ heat loss such that the degree of freedom is
zero.
SIM4ME 82
Parameters

FluidPkg STRING Fluid Package
Selection INTARRAY Selecting a Hot or Cold stream
PressureDrops FLOATARRAY Array of pressure drops in the streams
ProII LNGHX TL LNGHX HYSYS LNGHX Parameters

Parameters Parameter
FeedData FeedStreams ALIAS x_LNGSides.FeedStream.TaggedName
ProductData ProdStreams ALIAS x_LNGSides.ProductStream.TaggedName
NumSpecValues ProdStreams.size
TempspecValues TempspecValues ProdStreams[].Temperature
PressureDrops PressureDrops ALIAS x_LNGSides.PressureDrop
HotOrColdSide HotOrColdSide ALIAS x_LNGSides.Selection
SIM4ME 83
Mixer
This section describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II Mixer translation to the
Dynsim Header and ROMeo Mixer and the HYSYS™ Mixer to a PRO/II Mixer.
Base PRO/II Model
Mixer combines two or more feed streams into a single product stream with mixed properties.
The mixer unit determines the product phases but cannot split them into different streams.
An adiabatic flash is performed to determine the outlet temperature and product phases at the
specified pressure condition.
Parameters

MergedProduct internal product stream that is used to set the Temperature,
Pressure, enthalpy and composition of all product streams
FeedData
A vector containing the IDs of all of the product streams. See
ProductData
FeedData
This is the temperature of the mixer product streams and
stream. PRO/II uses this variable to make the product stream
TempCalc K
temperatures available to other units through the
This variable is similar to TempCalc and should be identical to
the pressure of the MergedProduct stream. It may be different
PressCalc kPa from the PressIn parameter, which is set by the user and is not
changed by the unit calculations. The PressCalc value is
assumed correct and consistent. PressIn should not be used.
This is the calculated value of pressure drop across the mixer.
PressDropCalc kPa
See TempCalc and PressCalc
DummyI1 A flag which has a value “0” if pressure specification is
provided and a value “1” if pressure drop specification is
provided
SIM4ME 84
Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models: Header
The Header is a pressure node that can be used to model flow mixing, flow splitting, and piping
holdup dynamics.
Header includes both COMPRESSIBLE and INCOMPRESSIBLE options for holdup dynamics.
The INCOMPRESSIBLE dynamics option is the default and can be used for either vapor, liquid
or two-phase fluids.
solution option is used for INCOMPRESSIBLE and small volume COMPRESSIBLE systems.
The explicit solution option is used for large volume compressible systems and for decoupling
large incompressible pressure flow networks.
Parameters

Vol m3 Header volume
Area m2 Header surface area
Mm kg Header metal mass
Uf kW/m2-K Forced convection heat transfer coefficient
Ul kW/m2-K Ambient heat loss heat transfer coefficient
Un kW/m2-K Natural convection heat transfer coefficient
Dia m Header diameter
Len m Header length
Z [0]...........Z [i]
H kJ/kg-mol Enthalpy
P kPa Pressure
UT kJ Total internal energy state
MT mol Total moles
M[0]… M[i] mol Moles of individual components
Qf kJ/sec Heat transferred from fluid to metal
Ql kJ/sec Heat transferred from metal to surroundings
Qimp kJ/sec Imposed heat
Tm K Metal temperature
SIM4ME 85
Equivalent ROMeo Model: Mixer
The Mixer unit operation models the adiabatic mixing of two or more feed streams.
The Mixer model is independent of the number of phases in the feed streams and is used with
VLE or VLLE systems. The Mixer model allows multiple feed streams but is restricted to a
single product stream.
The user input for the Mixer is as follows:
• Pressure of the product stream, or
• Pressure drop in the unit with respect to a specified feed stream.
• A component slate and thermodynamic method for the unit.
• The expected phases in the product stream.
Parameters

v_Pres kPa Pressure of the product stream leaving the mixer
v_PresDrops kPa Pressure drop in product stream with respect to a feed stream
Integer for choice of providing specification. The value is “0”
PresChoice
if user enters Pres and “1” if user enters Pressure Drop
String Parameter to provide Warning/Info/Error for negative
NegativeDPAction
DP; Default: Warning
Equivalent HYSYS Model: Mixer
The Mixer operation mixes two or more streams to produce a product stream. It also performs a
heat and mass balance. If composition, pressure and temperature of all the inlet streams are
known, the mixer calculates pressure, temperature and the composition of the outlet stream.
Mixer can also back calculate unknown temperature of one inlet stream, if the outlet stream is
completely defined and pressures of all the inlet streams are known.
Iterative and Explicit solution options are available for pressure calculations. The Iterated
The Explicit solution option is used for large volume COMPRESSIBLE systems and also for
decoupling large INCOMPRESSIBLE pressure flow networks.
SIM4ME 86
Parameters
Parameter Type of object Description

FeedStreams ALIAS STRINGARRAY Stream array containing information of the
x_FeedStream.Stream.A feed stream (name, stream number etc.).
ttachmentName FeedStream does not contain specific data
such as the temperature, pressure, or
composition of the individual streams.
Productstream STRINGARRAY Stream containing information of the product
ProdStreams ALIAS stream (name, stream number etc.)
x_ProductStream.Attach
mentName
FluidPkg ALIAS STRING MethodSlate/CompSlate
FluidPackage.FluidPack
age
PresSpec ALIAS LONG Pressure calculation option to decide if the
PressureSpecification 1. Mixer equalizes all inlet pressures if
one of the inlet stream pressures is
specified.
2. Mixer calculates outlet pressure
equal to minimum of inlet stream
pressures.
Common Data Base Structure – Mixer
Units of Measure
Parameters

NumOfFeeds The number of feed streams currently attached to the unit.
NumOfProds The number of product streams currently attached to the unit.
FeedStreams A vector containing the IDs of all of the feed streams.
ProdStreams A vector containing the IDs of all of the product streams.
Temparature K Temperature
Pressure kPa Pressure
SpecFlag Specification flag
TotalMoles mol Total moles
CompMolesState mol Moles of individual components
Volume m3 Volume of Mixer
The Mixer in PROII is translated to Header in TLLayer. The TL Header is characterized by

volume, total moles, and individual component moles. These parameters are calculated as
follows:
SIM4ME 87
Volume = ResidenceTime ⋅ MergedFeed .TotalMolarFlow / MergedFeed .BulkDensity

TotalMoles = Volume ⋅ MergedFeed .BulkDensity
CompMolesState[i ] = MT ⋅ MergedFeed .CompMoleFraction[i ]

Length = H / D Ratio ⋅ Diameter
4 ⋅ Volume
Diameter = 3
H / D Ratio ⋅ π
Metal Mass = π ⋅ Diameter ⋅ Thickness ⋅ Height ⋅ Density
( Density = 7760kg / m 3 )
SIM4ME 88
Pipe
This document describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II Pipe translation to the
Dynsim and ROMeo Pipe and the HYSYS™ Pipe to a PRO/II Pipe.
Base PRO/II Model
The pipe unit operation calculates single (liquid or gas) or mixed phase pressure drops through
piping between unit operations. It can also determine the line size required for a given maximum
pressure drop or minimum outlet pressure.
Rigorous heat transfer may be considered during the calculations, where heat may be added to the
pipe over its length (representing a furnace), or lost to the ambient surroundings, allowing the
fluid to cool as it flows down the pipe. By default, no heat transfer is considered in the
calculations.
Parameters

The number of feed streams currently attached to the unit.
Since Pipe is a flow device in Dynsim with only one input
CurrentFeeds
stream, a Header is added at the upstream if the value of
this parameter is >= 2
unit. Since Pipe is a flow device in Dynsim with only one
CurrentProducts output stream, a Drum is added at the downstream, to
account for phase separation, if there is more than one
product stream.
The stream ID of the merged feed stream. This is an
MergedFeed internal feed stream that is used to set the Temperature,
Pressure, enthalpy and composition of all feed streams
MergedProduct internal feed stream that is used to set the Temperature,
FeedData
ProductData
See FeedData
SIM4ME 89

A vector containing the product phases corresponding to
ProductStoreData
each of the product stream.
This is the temperature of the Pipe product streams and
OutletTempCalc K
PRO/II flowsheet solve
This variable should be identical to the pressure of the
MergedProd stream. It may be different from the
PressOutletIn parameter, which is set by the user and is not
OutletPressCalc kPa
changed by the unit calculations. PressOutCalc should be
assumed to be a correct and consistent value. PressOutletIn
should not be used. See TempOutletCalc
This is the pressure drop across the Pipe. It is used in
TotalUnitDPCalc kPa
sizing of the Pipe in Dynsim
Inside diameter of the pipe. It is used in Holdup, Surface
LineInsideDiamCalc mm area of heat transfer and metal mass calculations in
Dynsim
Pipe line length. . It is used in Holdup, Surface area of heat
LineLengthCalc m
transfer and metal mass calculations in Dynsim
Calculated value of Heat Duty. In the case of Ambient heat
HeatDutyCalc kJ transfer, it is used in determining the overall heat transfer
coefficient
2
HeatTransfCoef kW/h.m .K Heat Transfer Coefficient between Pipe and surroundings.
Ambient temperature used in the ambient heat transfer
AmbientTemperature K
calculations.
It represents the calculation mode specified in PRO-II
Pipe.
0 – Fixed Duty
PipeCalcMode 1 – Isothermal Operation
2 – Ambient Heat Transfer
3 – Backward pressure drop calculation.
It is used in mapping the specs from Pro-II the products
PROII Stream UOM Description

BulkPres kPa Merged inlet feed stream pressure
BulkTemp K Merged inlet feed stream temperature
The bulk composition of the feed streams. Other
compositions are given by VaporComposition,
LiquidCompostion and SolidComposition. If two liquid
TotalComposition fraction
phases exist, LiquidComposition is the bulk composition of
the liquid phase. Otherwise, it is simply the composition of
the liquid
BulkEnthalpy kJ/kg-mol Merged feed total enthalpy
VaporFraction fraction Stream Vapor fraction
LiquidFraction fraction Stream Liquid1 fraction
WaterFraction fraction Stream Water fraction
SIM4ME 90
PROII Stream UOM Description

Stream Solids. If it has a positive non-zero value, solids
SolidFraction fraction
are present. This should be flagged as an error condition.
BulkMw Bulk Molecular weight
BulkDensity kg-mol/m3 Bulk molar density
Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models: Header – Pipe - Drum
The Pipe model is a flow object that is used to model flow calculations in pipes. The flow
through a pipe is calculated by using flow conductivity equation. The flow conductance can be a
user input or calculated from the Pipe geometry. The Pipe also supports Sonic flow. It has
options to perform outlet flash and holdup calculations. It accounts for heat transfer from fluid to
pipe and pipe to surroundings. Heat transfer from an external source to the fluid or metal can be
configured through Heat Streams.
Parameters

J (kg/sec)/sqrt(kPa-kg/m3) Flow conductivity
Vol m3 Volume
Area m2 Surface area of heat transfer
Mm kg Metal mass
HoldupFlag Holdup flag
Tamb K Ambient temperature
Ul kW/m2-K Loss heat transfer coefficient
Forced convection heat transfer
coefficient between the fluid
Uf kW/m2-K flowing inside the Pipe and the
Pipe wall.
Natural convection heat transfer

2 coefficient between the fluid
Un kW/m -K
flowing inside the Pipe and the
pipe wall.
QIMP kJ/sec Heat duty to or from the pipe.
SIM4ME 91
Heat loss from fluid lowing
QF kJ/sec
inside the pipe to the metal wall
Heat loss from the metal wall to
QL kJ/sec
the surroundings.
H kJ/kg-mol Specific enthalpy state
Z fraction Specific composition state
DH kJ/kg-mol/sec Specific enthalpy derivative
DTM K/sec Metal temperature derivative
DZ fraction/sec Specific composition derivative
Equivalent ROMeo Model / Models – Pipe
The ROMeo Simple Pipe unit operation models pressure drop through a pipe resulting from flow
or a change in elevation and heat loss to the surroundings. Pressure drop is calculated using either
an analytical equation or an empirical correlation. The model is simple (non-rigorous) in the
sense that temperature- and pressure-dependent changes in the physical properties of the fluid are
not considered in the calculations.
Parameters

HeatLossSpec Heat Loss specification in ROMeo like: “Duty”,
“TempChange”, “Temp”
Pres kPa Pipe Outlet Pressure
PresDrop kPa Pressure drop across pipe.
Duty kJ/sec Heat duty to or from Pipe
DeltaTemp K Temperature change across Pipe.
Temp K Pipe Outlet Temperature
PresM kPa Pipe Outlet pressure
dpm fraction Set to 1.0.
HeatLossSpecVar Points to the currently selected Heat Loss Specification
Variable
PresChoice Pressure specification in ROMeo:
0 - for Fixed Pressure
1 - for Pressure Drop.
SIM4ME 92
Equivalent HYSYS Model / Models – Pipe
HYSYS™ Pipe Segment: The HYSYS™ Pipe Segment unit operation models pressure drop
through an entire pipeline with fittings, bends, swages and it can accommodate multiple
segments. Pressure changes through the pipeline due to elevation changes and heat loss to the
surroundings can be calculated. Pressure drop is calculated using empirical correlations available.
The model is rigorous because the temperature and pressure dependent physical properties of the
fluid are considered in the calculations.
HYSYS™ Gas Pipe: This is used specifically for compressible fluids. The correlation options
are Perfect Gas, Compressible Gas and User Data.
Since there are no equivalent for either Perfect Gas or Compressible Gas in PRO/II, these
correlations are mapped to the Beggs-Brill-Moody in PRO/II, as it has proved to be for single-
phase systems. PRO/II does not have an option to support User Data.
The heat transfer calculation option in HYSYS™ is: Ambient Heat Loss from given Ambient
Temperature and Heat transfer coefficient. Heat transfer calculations are done in the same manner
in the translated PRO/II model.
Parameters
Parameter UOM Type Description

FeedStreams StringArray Array of the names of Feed streams
attached to the pipe.
ProdStreams StringArray Array of the names of Product streams
attached to the pipe.
HeatStream String Name of the Heat stream attached to
the Pipe.
PressGradCorrelationName String Pressure drop correlation used in the
pipe calculations
SpecifyHTType Flag that indicates the type of Heat
transfer calculation done by HYSYS
IsIgnored Flag that indicates if the calculation on
Pipe unit was bypassed by HYSYS.
IncludeInsulation Flag that indicates if insulation was
included in HYSYS heat transfer
calculations.
PressureDrop kPa Float Pressure drop across the pipe
OverallAmbientTemp C Float Overall Ambient Temperature across

all pipe segments
OverallHTCoeff kW/m2C Float Overall heat transfer coefficient across
all the pipe segments
SegmentLength M Float Array This array stores the length of each
segment in the Pipe.
SegmentElev m Float Array This array stores the Elevation change
of each segment in the Pipe.
SIM4ME 93

SegmentID M Float Array This array stores the Internal Diameter
of each segment in the Pipe.
SegmentOD M Float Array This array stores the Outer Diameter of
each segment in the Pipe.
SegmentCells Float Array This array stores the Cells of each
segment in the Pipe. HYSYS performs
pressure calculations at each such cell.
SegmentPipeMatl String This array stores the Pipe Material of
Array each segment in the Pipe.
SegmentSchedule String This array stores the Schedule Number
Array of each segment in the Pipe.
SegmentSegmentType Float Array This array stores the Type of each
segment in the Pipe. It could be
:”Pipe”, ”Swage” or a Fitting”.
SegmentRoughness m Float Array This array stores the Roughness of
SegmentWallK Float Array This array stores the thermal
conductivity of each segment in the
Pipe.
SegmentAmbientTemp C Float Array This array stores the Ambient Temp of
SegmentPipeHTC kW/m2.C Float Array This array stores the Heat Transfer
Coefficient of each segment in the
Pipe.
SegmentFittingID m Float Array This array stores the Fitting Inner
Diameter of each segment if it is
defined as a fitting.
SegmentFittingVHFactor Float Array This array stores the Fitting friction
factor of each segment if it is defined
as a fitting.
SegmentFittingFTFactor Float Array This array stores the Fitting friction
factor of each segment if it is defined
as a fitting.
SegmentNominalDiameter m Float Array This array stores the Nominal diameter
of each segment.
SegmentSwageID m Float Array This array stores the SwageID of each
segment.
FluidPkg String The name of the Fluid package
associated witht the Pipe unit
SIM4ME 94
Common Data Base Structure – Pipe

NumOfFeeds Number of Feed streams from Pipe
NumOfProds Number of products from Pipe
NumOfComps Number of Components
FeedStreams Array containing the IDs of the Feed Streams to Pipe
Array containing the IDs of the Product Streams from
ProdStreams
Pipe
Temperature K Pipe outlet Temperature
Pressure kPa Pipe outlet pressure
Temperature difference between Inlet and Outlet of the
TemperatureChange K
Pipe.
P2PressureDrop kPa Pressure Drop across the Pipe
AmbientTemperature K Stores the Ambient Temperature. Used for DynSim
MetalTemperature K Metal temperature of Pipe. Used for DynSim
Natural convection Heat Transfer coefficient. Used for
UNaturalConvection kW
DynSim
MassFlow kg/sec Mass flow through the Pipe
MolarFlow kg-mol/sec Molar flow through the Pipe
Flow Coductance of the Pipe. It is a calculated value
FlowConductance
used in DynSim
Volume m3 Volume of Pipe used in DynSim
Area m2 Area of Pipe used in DynSim
Metal mass of Pipe used in DynSim to calculate heat
MetalMass kg
transfer from Pipe metal wall.
UAmbientLoss kW/m2-K Heat transfer coefficient from Pipe to surroundings
Forced heat transfer coefficient between the fluid
UForcedConvection kW/m2-K
flowing inside the Pipe and the Pipe metal.
HeatDuty kW Heat Duty to or from Pipe.
COMPSLATE Component Slate
MethodSlate Method Slate
Used for mapping the specification of Pipe calculation
PipeCalcMode
Mode from PRO-II to the destination products.
Flag used to check if the pressure drop across the Pipe is
LowPDFlag
lower than 0.0001 kPa. This is required for DynSim
This passes the Phase information of the product
ProductStoreData
streams.
Stores the calculated value of the square root of pressure
SqrtDP
drop. This is used for DynSim.
HoldupFlag This is used for DynSim Column holdup.
Stream Parameters
Array storing the component mole fractions of the
CompMoleFraction fraction
stream.
TotalMoles kg-mol Stores the total number of moles in the stream
SpecificEnthalpy Stream specific enthalpy.
VaporFraction fraction Stream Vapor fraction
SIM4ME 95

LiquidFraction fraction Stream Liquid fraction
WaterFraction fraction Stream Water fraction
Mw kg/kg-mol Stream Molecular Fraction
MolarDensity kg-mol/m3 Stream molar density
The merged feed stream is used to update the properties (states.dat) of the upstream Header in
case there is more than one feed stream to the Pro/II Pipe.
The merged product stream is used to initialize the exit flash (states.dat) of the Dynsim Pipe and
the Drum in case there is more than one product stream from Pro/II Pipe.
Pipe Sizing
The Pipe flow conductance is calculated as follows
∆P ∗ MergedFeed .Density
J = MergedFeed .Flow ∗
MergedFeed .Mw
Pipe Geometry
π ∗ Diameter 2
Volume = ∗ Length
4
Area = π ∗ Diameter ∗ Length
Mm = π ∗ Diameter ∗ Length ∗ Thickness ∗ Density
( Density = 7760kg / m 3 )
Pipe Heat Transfer
Heat transfer in Dynsim pipe is configured based on the flag PipeCalcMode (Pipe Calculation
Mode).
The Imposed/Isothermal heat duty is configured through the parameter Qimp in Dynsim. No heat
transfer to ambient is considered in this case.
Qimp = HeatDuty
Pipe Calculation Mode = 2 (Ambient Heat Loss)
SIM4ME 96
At steady state, heat transfer from fluid to metal is equal to heat transfer from metal to ambient.
0.8
⎛ W ⎞
U f ∗⎜ ⎟ ∗ Area ∗ (TMetal − TFluid ) = U L ∗ Area ∗ (T Ambient − TMetal ) = HeatDuty
⎜W ⎟
⎝ Re f ⎠
Assumptions
• W = WRef (Use steady state mass flow)
• UL = 0.01 (We expect the heat transfer coefficient for heat transfer from metal to ambient
will be more or less constant in most of the cases.)
Calculations
• Calculate Tmetal (metal temperature) from the heat loss to ambient equation
• Calculate Uf (forced convection heat transfer coefficient), using heat transfer from fluid
to metal equation.
Pipe Calculation Mode = 3 (Backward pressure calculation)
This is not supported in Dynsim. Error message has to be flagged in this case.
Validate Feeds
When there are multiple inputs to the PRO/II Pipe, Header is added in the TL layer to set single
mixed input to the Dynsim Pipe. The TLHeader is characterized by volume, total moles, and
individual component moles. These parameters are calculated as follows:

Validate Products
When there is more than one product stream from the Pipe, a Drum is inserted at the downstream
to account for phase separation.
Molar Density
The molar density of the stream in TL Layer is calculated as follows
MolarDensity = BulkDensity / BulkMw
SIM4ME 97
When TLHeader is translated to DSHeader additional parameters like area of heat transfer and
metal mass should be calculated. The DSHeader Area and Mm (MetalMass) are calculated as
follows:
4 ⋅ Volume
Diameter = 3
H / D Ratio ⋅ π
Mm = π ⋅ Diameter ⋅ Thickness ⋅ Height ⋅ Density
( Density = 7760kg / m 3 )
SIM4ME 98
Plug Flow Reactor
This topic describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II and HYSYS™ Plug Flow
Reactor translation. ROMeo and Dynsim at present do not support Plug Flow reactors translation.
Currently only the basic modes of operation are handled by the HYSYS™ to PRO/II translation.
Base PRO/II Model
The CSTR module simulates a tubular reactor exhibiting plug flow behaviour i.e. no axial
mixing or heat transfer. It assumes that the stirring results in perfect mixing. The module
may operate in adiabatic mode with or without heat duty specified, or in thermal mode
with either a specified temperature or temperature profile.
Normally, the reaction stoichiometry, heat of reaction data and reaction kinetics are taken from a
reaction set in the Reaction Data Section. However, certain options that are currently not
supported by the translator are:
• Override data in the reactor unit

• Supply data to an external heating or cooling medium.
Parameters
Unit Class: [Plug]

CurrentPseudoProds
PseudoProdData
FeedHolderData
ProductHolderData
RxOperTypeCalc Reactor operation mode
1=THERMAL;
2=ADIABATIC; 3=COCURRENT;
4=COUNTERCURRENT
SIM4ME 99

RxOperPhaseCalc Operating Phase
1=VAPOUR; 2=LIQUID
PressureFlag 1=PRESSURE;
2=DELTA P;
3=NEITHER
CompBasisFlag Reaction rate equation basis
1 "Concentration"
2 "Partial Pressure"
3 "Fugacity"
4 "Activity"
RungeKuttaOption 1=RungeKutta Steps(Default)
2=RungeKutta Step Size
RungeKuttaSteps Number of steps
BaseCompNumbers Array of Base Component Numbers (index
into component slate)
BaseCompIDIn Array of base component names
RxnSetID Reaction set ID
CompID Component ID's that correspond to
component data input
PresCalc kPa outlet pressure
TempCalc K outlet temperature
DiamCalc mm Tube Diameter
LengthCalc M Tube Length
TubesCalc Number of tubes
RxPresInFlag Reactor Inlet Pressure Flag...
1 = Use Feed P (Default)
2 = Use Input PIN
3 = Use Feed Pressure - DPIN
PresDropCalc kPa Pressure Drop
RxPresOutFlag Reactor Outlet Pressure Flag...
1 = Use Inlet P (Default)
2 = Use Input POUT
3 = Use Inlet Pressure - DP
IsoTempInFlag Temp. Input for Isothermal...
0 = Not input (Default)
1 = Temperature input
IntMethodFlag Integration Method Flag
1 = Runge Kutta (Default)
2 = Gear
3 = LSODA
InPresCalc kPa inlet pressure
IntCalcTol Gear Tolerance
SIM4ME 100

ActivationEnergy Activation Energies
PexpFactors Preexponential Factors
TexponentsCalc Reaction exponent
PexpWtUOM Preexponential Factor WT UOM Qualifier
PexpLiqvUOM Preexponential Factor LIQV UOM Qualifier
PexpPresUOM Preexponential Factor PRES UOM Qualifier
PexpTempUOM Preexponential Factor TEMP UOM Qualifier
PexpTimeUOM Preexponential Factor TIME UOM Qualifier
Profile Parameters
PProfileFlag Pressure PROFILE input ? 0=No; 1=Yes
PProfileLocFlag Pressure PROFILE Length basis 0=Actual;
1=Fraction; 2=Percent
TProfileFlag Temp PROFILE input ?
0=No; 1=Yes
TProfileLocFlag Temp PROFILE Length basis 0=Actual;
1=Fraction; 2=Percent
ProfilePoints Number of profile points

PresProfPoints Number of Points in Pressure Profile
0= Feed Pressure (No Profile)
N= No. of PProfile locations input
TempProfPoints Temperature Profile Points
0= Feed Temp (No Profile)
N= No. of TProfile locations input
TempProfile K Input Temperature Profile
TempProfLocs M/None Locations at which Temp. input
PresProfile kPa Input Pressure Profile
PresProfLocs M/None Locations at which Pressure input
Parameters
Unit Class: [PFReactorOpObject]

FeedStreams ALIAS
x_FeedStream.AttachmentNa Array of feed stream names
me
ProdStreams ALIAS
x_ProductStream.Attachment Array of product stream names
Name
ReactionSet ALIAS
Reaction set name
ReactionSet.AttachmentName
SIM4ME 101

Energy ALIAS
EnergyStream.AttachmentNa Energy stream name
me
UseFixedPressureDrop
IsIgnored
DeltaPType
VesselPressureSpec
TubeLength m Tube length
TubeDiameter m Tube diameter
NumberOfTubes Number of tubes
TubeWallThickness m Tube wall thickness
Dummy Parameters

Parameters
Class Name: [Plug]

2 "Adiabatic"
RxOperPhase Reactor Phase flag (Note "3" is not used)
1 "Vapor"
2 "Liquid"
SIM4ME 102

CompBasisFlag 1=Concentration; 2=Partial Pressure;
3=Vapour Fugacity; 4=Liquid Fugacity
BaseCompNumbers Array of Base Component Numbers (index
into component slate)
DiamCalc m Tube diameter
LengthCalc m Tube length
TubesCalc Number of tubes
IntCalcTol Gear Tolerance
IntMethodFlag Integration Method flag
1 = Runge Kutta (Default)
2 = Gear
3 = LSODA
RungeKuttaOption 1=RungeKutta Steps(Default)
2=RungeKutta Step Size
RungeKuttaSteps Number of steps
SIM4ME 103
Pump
This topic describes the scope and various scenarios of a PRO/II Pump translation to the
equivalent Dynsim, ROMeo and HYSYS™ models.
Base PRO/II Model
The pump unit increases the pressure of an incompressible fluid flowing through a pipe. PRO/II
calculates the resulting temperature change and the work required to accomplish this.
Parameters

MergedFeed internal feed stream that is used to set the Temperature,
Pressure, enthalpy and composition of all feed streams
FeedData
ProductData
See FeedData
This is the temperature of the pump product streams and
TempCalc K
This variable should be identical to the pressure of the
MergedProduct stream. It may be different from the PressIn
PressCalc kPa parameter, which is set by the user and is not changed by the
unit calculations. The PressCalc value is assumed correct
and consistent. PressIn should not be used. See TempCalc
Calculated inlet flow is the net inlet flow. It is used in
FlowInletCalc m3/sec
setting up the default performance curve for pump
SIM4ME 104

Calculated value of the head across the pump. It is used in
HeadCalc m
setting up the default performance curve for pump
EffCalc Pump efficiency
WorkCalc KW Power required
Pressure specification:
Flag 1 for Outlet Pressure,
PressInFlg
Flag 2 for Pressure Rise and
Flag 3 for Pressure Ratio
PressDropCalc kPa Pressure Rise
PressRatioCalc Pressure Ratio
Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models: Header -Pump
The Pump is a flow device that is used to model a centrifugal pump. The Pump calculates the
available head based on the pressure differential across it. The volumetric flow rate is
interpolated from the user provided performance curve based on the calculated head. Power is
calculated from the user provided efficiency curve. Reverse flow through a shut down pump is
allowed.
The Pump performance is characterized by a Cubic-spline or Linear curve fit and may be
specified by either entering three or more points from the manufacturer characteristic curve (head
vs. volumetric flow) or entering one design point (head and volumetric flow).
Parameters

QScale m3/sec Volumetric Flow
DHScale- m Head across pump
ETAScale fraction Efficiency
SPEED rpm Pump Speed
FLASHFLAG Flag to indicate whether the outlet flash should be
performed or not
SIM4ME 105
Q m3/sec Volumetric flow
DH m Head
POWER kW Power
SPEED rpm Pump speed
The Pump unit simulates the pumping of a liquid and calculates the associated pressure, enthalpy,
and entropy changes. The pump model requires two specifications:
• product stream pressure specification (or a pump work specification from which the
outlet pressure can be calculated)
• pump efficiency.
Parameters

Pres kPa Pump downstream pressure
Head m Head across pump
CorrectedVolume ft3/hr Corrected volume. Since FanE and RefSpeedRatio are
1, corrected volume is equal to volumetric flow.
Efficiency fraction Pump Efficiency
BaselineEff fraction Efficiency at reference speed. Always set to equal to
Efficiency
ActualWork kJ/sec Pump Work
Speed rps Pump Speed. Set to 60 rps
RefSpeed rps Pump Reference speed. Set to 60 rps.
PresRise kPa Pressure rise across pump.
PresRatio Pressure ratio
SpecType Pressure specification type, “OutletPressure”,
“PressureRise”, “PressureRatio”, “Work”, “Head”
SpecVar Points to the currently selected Specification Variable
FanE Always set to 1
EffOffsetFromBaseline Set to zero
IdealWork kJ/sec Ideal Work. Actual work * efficiency
EfficiencySelection “Fixed”, “Current_Efficiency”, “Baseline_Efficiency”
Always set to “Fixed”
RefSpeedRatio Set to 1.
SIM4ME 106
Equivalent HYSYS Model: Pump
The Pump unit models the pumping of a liquid and calculates the associated pressure, enthalpy,
and entropy changes. Two specifications are required for the pump model; a pressure
specification for the product stream (or a pump work specification from which the outlet pressure
can be calculated) and the pump efficiency.
Parameters

IsIgnored LONG Flag to denote if Pump
Calculations were ignored by
HYSYS
PumpIsOn LONG Flag to denote if Pump was
switched On or OFF in
HYSYS
IsCurve ALIAS LONG Flag to denote if Pump Head
PolynomialPumpCurve.Pu Vs Flow Curve was used by
mpCurveActive HYSYS to calculate the Head
FeedStreams ALIAS STRINGARRAYList of Feedstreams attached
x_FeedStream.Attachment to the Pump. Always only one
Name since HYSYS Pump is SISO.
Still an array is used to
preserve generality
ProdStreams ALIAS STRINGARRAYList of Product treams
x_ProductStream. attached to the Pump. Always
AttachmentName only one since HYSYS Pump
is SISO. Still an array is used
to preserve generality
AdiabaticEfficiency FLOAT Pump efficiency
DeltaP FLOAT Pressure Rise across the Pump
PumpEfficiencySpecActive LONG Flag to denote if Pump
Calculations used Efficiency
as the specification
PumpDeltaPSpecActive LONG Flag to denote if Pump
Calculations used Pressure
rise as the specification
PumpHeadSpecActive LONG Flag to denote if Pump
Calculations used Pressure
rise as the specification
PumpPowerSpecActive LONG Flag to denote if Pump
Calculations used Power as
the specification
A ALIAS FLOAT Polynomial Pump Curve
PolynomialPumpCurve. Coefficient
PumpCurveParameterA
B ALIAS FLOAT Polynomial Pump Curve
SIM4ME 107

PumpCurveParameterB
CA ALIAS FLOAT Polynomial Pump Curve
PumpCurveParameterC
D ALIAS FLOAT Polynomial Pump Curve
PumpCurveParameterD
E ALIAS FLOAT Polynomial Pump Curve
PumpCurveParameterE
F ALIAS FLOAT Polynomial Pump Curve
PumpCurveParameterF
Feed ALIAS STRING
FeedStream.AttachmentNa
me
Prod ALIAS STRING
ProductStream.Attachment
Name
Energy ALIAS STRING HYSYS Energy Stream
EnergyStream.Attachment
Name
HeadUnits ALIAS STRING Head Curve can have different
PolynomialPumpCurve.Pu UOM for Head.
mpCurveHeadUnits
FlowUnits ALIAS STRING Head Curve can have different
PolynomialPumpCurve.Pu UOM for Head.
mpCurveFlowUnits
FlowBasis ALIAS STRING Head Curve can have different
PolynomialPumpCurve.Pu Basis for Flow like: Actual
mpCurveFlowBasis Volumetric Flow, Standard
Volumetric flow, Molar Flow
and Mass Flow.
TypicalOperatingCapacity M3/sec FLOAT Design flow of the Pump
Common Data Base Structure – Pump
Parameters

The number of feed streams currently attached to the
NumOfFeeds
unit
The number of product streams currently attached to
NumOfProds
the unit
FeedStreams A vector containing the IDs of all of the feed streams.
ProdStreams A vector containing the IDs of all of the product
SIM4ME 108

streams.
Temparature K
Pressure kPa
Head kJ/kg
VolFlow m3/hr
Efficiency fraction
Power
Volume m3
TotalMoles mol
CompMolesState mol Vector containing the moles of individual components
Speed rps
PressureRise
PressureRatio
PressSpec
When there are multiple inputs to the PRO/II pump, a header is added in the TL layer to set single
mixed input to the pump. The TLHeader is characterized by volume, total moles, and individual
component moles. These parameters are calculated as follows:

When TLHeader is translated to DS header additional parameters like area of heat transfer and
metal mass should be calculated. The DSHeader parameters are calculated as follows
4 ⋅ Volume
Diameter = 3
H / D Ratio ⋅ π
Metal Mass = π ⋅ Diameter ⋅ Thickness ⋅ Height ⋅ MergedFeed .MolarDensity
( Density = 7760kg / m 3 )
Calculation of Pump pressure rise from Head Curve.
Pump Head vs. Flow Curve can be specified in the source product like HYSYS™ in the form of
the relation:
Head = A+B*FLOW+C*FLOW**2+D*FLOW**3+E*FLOW**4+F*FLOW**5
SIM4ME 109
PRO/II does not have provision to add Pump curves. Hence, the pressure rise across the Pump has
to be calculated for the head curve and set in PRO/II Pump as specification.
However, in the source file, only the curve coefficients A, B…F are available. The flow need not
be available always as it might be a calculated value. In that case, the calculation of Head is not
possible to be done during translation.
What is done is that a Calculator unit is added in PRO/II and the pressure drop is calculated from
the following equation:
R1= (C1+C2*P1+C3*P1**2+C4*P1**3+C5*P1**4+C6**5) *P2*9.8/100.0
where:
C1, C2, C3…C6 are nothing but the Curve coefficients A, B, C… F
P1 = Feed flow rate
P2 = Feed Liquid Density
The coefficients are not currently mapped into PRO/II. Also, the UOM of Head and Flow are not
mapped. The user has to manually add the coefficients and the calculator unit will automatically
set the calculated pressure rise as the specification in the Pump.
Calculation of Pump pressure rise from Pump Duty
Pump Duty can be specified in source product like HYSYS™. PRO/II does not have an
equivalent specification. So, the pressure rise has to be calculated from the specified Duty and set
as specification for the PRO/II Pump.
The relation for Duty is:
Duty = (Q * DeltaP) / efficiency
However, in the source file, only the duty is specified. The flow need not be available always as it
might be a calculated value. In that case, the calculation of Pressure rise is not possible to be done
during translation.
What is done is that a Calculator unit is added in PRO/II and the pressure drop is calculated from
the equation for duty:
R1 = (C1*C2) / P1
where:
C1 = Pump Efficiency
C2 = Feed Flow rate
R1 = Delta P calculated
Both Pump efficiency and Duty are mapped from the source and the calculator sets the calculated
pressure rise as specification in Pump.
There is no derived parameter calculation for translation from TL to ROMeo layer mapping
SIM4ME 110
Reset
This topic describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II Reset translation to the
equivalent Dynsim, ROMeo and HYSYS™ models.
Base Pro II Model
The purpose of the RESET unit is to allow the user to reset the enthalpy data of the product
stream using the thermodynamic method specified for the unit. The Reset unit performs orderly
transition from one enthalpy basis to the next. This avoids calculation difficulties that otherwise
would arise due to discontinuity in the enthalpy data.
Parameters

The number of feed streams currently attached to
CurrentFeeds
the unit.
The number of product streams currently attached to
CurrentProducts
the unit.
A vector containing the IDs of all the feed streams.
temperature, pressure, or composition of the
FeedData individual streams, but only the ID of the stream. In
PRO/II, the ID can be used to retrieve the stream
data block that contains a complete description of
the stream.
ProductData
MethodData Downstream thermodynamic method
FirstFeed Index into FeedData locating first feed to each side
FirstProduct Index into FeedData locating last feed to each side
Index into ProductData locating first product to each
LastFeed
side
Index into ProductData locating last product to each
LastProduct
side
Index locating the variable selected, which is used in
flash calculations
1- Temperature
IParamDataCalc
2- Enthalpy
3- Vapor fraction
SIM4ME 111
Equivalent DynSim Model / Models – SlateChange
The SlateChange is a flow device that can be used to model black box reactors, to lump or
delump components, or to just change the thermodynamic method sate. Specifying an entirely
different component and method slate for product and feed is possible in the SlateChange model.
Parameters

J (kg/sec)/sqrt(kPa-kg/m3) Flow conductivity
ProdMethodSlate Product method slate
Equivalent ROMeo Model / Models – BasisChanger
The BasisChanger unit is used to connect unit operations having different thermodynamic method
slates. This unit helps in smooth transition from one thermodynamic method slate to another.
Parameters
Static Parameters to ROMeo Database:

Pres kPa Pressure in the exit stream
PresDrop kPa Pressure drop across the unit
Duty kJ/hr Heat that has to be supplied to the input streams
Temp K Temperature of the exit stream
LiqFrac Liquid fraction in the exit stream
VapFrac Vapour fraction in the exit stream
TempDiff K Temperature difference across the unit
PhaseReq Not available

Spec1 String value indicating the flash specification:
TemperatureDiff
FeedTemperature
BubblePoint
DewPoint
VaporFraction
Duty
PressureDrop
Pressure
SIM4ME 112
Spec2 String value indicating the flash specification:

TemperatureDiff
Temperature
BubblePoint
DewPoint
PressureDrop
Pressure
Adiabatic
VaporFraction
FeedTemperature
In the above ROMeo parameter table, the parameter values present in the description
column having bold letters are the only possible ones that could be assigned during the
translation. For example, in the RESET model of PRO/II, one specification is pressure drop is
zero. Hence, the Spec1 has the value PressureDrop.
Equivalent Hysys Model – Stream Cutter
Hysys Stream Cutter is an object that allows user to switch the fluid package of a stream
anywhere in the flowsheet.
Hysys uses following transfer basis:

• T-P Flash (Temperature – Pressure)
• P-H Flash (Pressure – Enthalpy)
• VF-T Flash (Vf – Temperature)
• VF-P Flash (Vf – Pressure)
Parameters

FeedStreams StringArray Feed Stream
ProdStreams StringArray Product Stream
TransitionName STRING Name of Transition
TransitionType STRING Type of transition (Fluid Package)
ForwardMap STRING Downstream Unit Name
BackwardMap STRING Upstream Unit Name
TransferBasis STRING Transfer Basis
IsIgnored LONG Not included in calculation flag
SIM4ME 113
Parameters
ProII
TL Parameter Dynsim ROMeo
Parameters
FeedData FeedStreams FeedStream FeedStream
ProductData ProdStreams ProdStream ProdStream
FirstFeed
FirstProduct
LastFeed
LastProduct
MethodData ProdMethodSlate ProdMethodSlate
IParamDataCalc TLIParamDataCalc
Spec2 TransferBasis
Pres
PresDrop
Temp
TempDiff
Duty
LiqFrac
VapFrac
Sizing
The flow conductance is calculated as follows:
∆P ∗ Density
J = Flow ∗
Feed .Mw
Pro/II reset unit does not account for pressure drop and performs the flash at upstream pressure as
against the SlateChange that uses the downstream pressure in flash calculation. To reset the
downstream properties, it is desired that the pressure drop across SlateChange is small.
SlateChange is sized for a pressure drop of 1kPa
Validate Feeds and Products
Though the ProII reset unit is mapped to a flow device in Dynsim, as there can be only one input
and one output stream for Pro/II Reset unit, no extra units will be added during translation.
SIM4ME 114
There are no calculations of parameters in this layer
The ROMeo variables are mapped from the stream property values present in the TL layer:
Temperature = ProdStreams[0].Temperature
TempDiff = FeedStreams [0].Temperature - ProdStreams[0].Temperature
Duty = (ProdStreams[0].TotalMolarEnthalpy - FeedStreams [0].
TotalMolarEnthalpy)
Duty = ($Target.Duty)*(FeedStreams [0].TotalMolarRate)
Pres = FeedStreams [0].Pressure
SIM4ME 115
Reaction Set
This topic describes the scope and various scenarios of the HYSYS™ Reaction Set translation to
the equivalent PRO/II model.
Base Pro II Model
PRO/II allows users to define sets of chemical reactions. These reaction sets can be used in
reactor unit operations and reactive distillation columns. Any number of reaction sets may be
defined. Each set may include any number of reactions. For each reaction, stoichiometric data,
heat of reaction data, kinetics data, equilibrium data, etc., may be supplied.
Please refer to the PRO/II Reference Manual for details on the various features and
usage.
Parameters
RxnSet Parameters
RxnSet Parameter UOM Description
KineTypeFlagCalc Kinetic rate calculation method
ReactionID Reaction components
RxSetDescription Reaction set description
Reaction Parameters
Reaction Parameter UOM Description
NumRxnComps Number of reaction data components
CompID Component IDs
StoichCoeffCalc Stoichiometric coefficients
RxnDefFormat Reaction display format
ReactionDescription Reaction description (formula, name)
HeatOfRxnOption Heat of reaction option (calculated, user-specified)
HeatOfRxnCalc kJ/kg-mol Heat of reaction
HRxnRefCompIDCalc Heat of reaction ref component
HeatRxnRefTempCalc K Heat of reaction ref temperature
HeatRxnRefPhaseCalc Heat of reaction ref phase
EquDataFlag Define equilibrium data flag
EquCoeffCalc Equilibrium coefficients A, B, C, D, E, F, G
EquRxnPhaseDfltCalc Equilibrium reaction default phase
EquLiqConcBasisCalc Equilibrium reaction liquid conc basis
EquVapConcBasisCalc Equilibrium reaction vapor conc basis
EquExponentCalc Equilibrium activity exponents
EquCompPhaseCalc Equilibrium data component reaction phases
EquilCoeffsTempUOM Temperature UOM for equilibrium coefficients
SIM4ME 116

EquWeightUOM Weight UOM for equilibrium constant
EquVolumeUOM Volume UOM for equilibrium constant
EquPresUOM Pressure UOM for equilibrium constant
KinDataFlag Define kinetic data flag
KinPexpFactorCalc Pre-exponential factor
KinActiEnergyCalc kJ/kg-mol Activation energy
KinTempExpCalc Temperature exponent
KinRxnPhaseDfltCalc Kinetic default reaction phase
KinLiqConcBasisCalc Kinetic reaction liquid conc basis
KinVapConcBasisCalc Kinetic reaction vapor conc basis
KinExponentCalc Kinetic exponents (reaction orders)
KinCompPhaseCalc Kinetic data component reaction phases
PexpTempUOM Temperature UOM for pexp
PexpWeightUOM Weight UOM for pexp
PexpVolumeUOM Volume UOM for pexp
PexpPresUOM Pressure UOM for pexp
PexpTimeUOM Time UOM for pexp
Equivalent DynSim Model / Models
Translation of Reaction Sets and Reactions to Dynsim has not yet been implemented.
ROMeo does not support reaction sets and reaction specifications at the flowsheet level. If a
reaction set is detected during translation, a warning message will be issued to that effect. In
ROMeo, reactions are specified within individual reactors. If the reactors require any information
from the reaction set or reaction data, the translator will update the reactors with that data.
Reaction Types
In PRO/II, a reaction may contain all of the necessary data for any type of reaction: Equilibrium,
Kinetic, Conversion, etc. However, in HYSYS™, a reaction is always of one type only and the
reaction parameters data will be present for one of the reaction types as signified by the
“ReactionType” parameter.
For a single kinetic reaction, HYSYS™ allows the specification of individual rate expressions for
the forward and reverse reactions (at equilibrium, the rates would be equal). However, the reverse
reaction data is currently not supported in the TL and PRO/II layers.
In HYSYS™, some of the data pertaining to a reaction (e.g. Conversion for a conversion
reaction) is specified in the reaction data rather than in a unit operation that uses the reaction. In
HYSYS™, the data for a particular reaction type is reported in the XML file of the unit operation,
SIM4ME 117
and is generally used in translating only the unit operation that uses the reaction and not the
reaction.
In PRO/II, two reactor units could use the same reaction with different conversions. However,
this is not possible in HYSYS and it requires two reactions with different conversions.
Parameters
RxnSet Parameters
ReactionSetName Name of the Reaction Set.1
SetType Not currently used
NumberOfActiveRxns
ALIAS
The number of active reactions in this set
ActiveReactionList.Number
OfActiveRxns
ActiveReactions ALIAS
ActiveReactionList.x_Activ List of Active Reaction names within this set2
eReaction
NumberOfInactiveRxns
ALIAS Number of Inactive reactions in this set – Not
InactiveReactionList.Numb currently used
erOfInactiveRxns
InactiveReactions ALIAS
List of Inactive Reaction names within this set –
InactiveReactionList.x_Inac
Not currently used
tiveReaction
Notes:
1. Reaction Set names in the HYSYS XML files are not suitable for use in the TL and P2
layers. When loading the reaction set data into the HS holder in HSAccess.dll, the name
used here is RNNSETn where n is incremented for each set. The original HYSYS set
name is passed into the TL layer as a description.
2. Reaction names in the TL layer have been designed to combine the set name viz:
“reaction_name set_name”. The same convention is used in the HSAccess code to
append the owner set name to the reaction name.
Reaction Parameters
The type of reaction: i.e.
ConversionReactionObject,
ReactionType EquilibriumReactionObject,
KineticReactionObject, or
SimpleRateReactionObject.
ReactionName Name of the Reaction1
Concentration basis for equilibrium or
Basis kinetic reaction data e.g. “Partial
Pressure”, or “Molar Concentration”
Phase Phase for reaction
NumberOfReactants Number of components involved in the
SIM4ME 118

ALIAS reaction
ReactantList.NumberOfRea
ctants
Reactants ALIAS
ReactantList.x_Reactant.Co Array of component names2
mponentName
StoichCoeff ALIAS
ReactantList.x_Reactant.St Array of stoichiometric coefficients
oichCoeff
ReactionHeatSpec ALIAS String indicating whether heat of reaction
ReactionHeat.Status is “Calculated” or “Specified”4
ReactionHeat kJ/kmol Heat of Reaction4
BasisComponent Name of the Base Component2,3
EquilibriumCoeff ALIAS
EquilibriumConsCoeff.x_E Array of coefficients (A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H)
Temperature in K
quilibriumConsCoeffSet.Eq for the Equilibrium Constant equation
uilibriumConstCoeff
String specifying UOM used for
BasisUnits concentration in the Equilibrium or
Kinetic rate expressions
FwdFrequencyFactor
ALIAS Frequency Factor (i.e. Pre-exponential
Temperature in K
KineticConsCoeff.FwdFreq coefficient) for the forward reaction
uencyFactor
FwdActivationEnergy
ALIAS Activation energy for the forward
Temperature in K
KineticConsCoeff.FwdActi equation
vationEnergy
FwdAlpha ALIAS
Temperature exponent for the forward
KineticConsCoeff.FwdAlph
equation
a
RevFrequencyFactor
ALIAS Frequency Factor (i.e. Pre-exponential
Temperature in K
KineticConsCoeff.RevFreq coefficient) for the reverse reaction
uencyFactor
RevActivationEnergy
ALIAS Activation energy for the reverse
Temperature in K
KineticConsCoeff.RevActi equation
vationEnergy
RevAlpha ALIAS
Temperature exponent for the reverse
KineticConsCoeff.RevAlph
equation
a
ForwardOrder ALIAS Order (i.e. power to which concentration
ReactantList.x_Reactant.Fo is raised) in kinetic rate expression for
rwardOrder forward reaction
ReverseOrder ALIAS Order (i.e. power to which concentration
ReactantList.x_Reactant.Re is raised) in kinetic rate expression for
verseOrder reverse reaction
SIM4ME 119

UOM string for reaction rate in Kinetic
RateUnits
reactions
Minimum temperature at which rate
MinTemperature C
equation is valid
Maximum temperature at which rate
MaxTemperature C
equation is valid
Approach ALIAS
Temperature Approach for Equilibrium
FractionalApproach.DeltaT C
reaction (not used)
emperature
Conversion for conversion reaction (not
Coefficient percentage
used)
Notes:
1. Reaction names in the TL layer have been designed to combine the set name viz:
“reaction_name set_name”. The same convention is used in the HSAccess code to
append the owner set name to the reaction name.
2. Because of the problem of relating components by name, the HSAccess code that loads
reactions translates the HYSYS component names into the PRO/II names that are mapped
during the Thermo loading. Therefore, it is the PRO/II names stored here.
3. Due to what looks like a bug in the HYSYS XML file, the Base Component name is
never set correctly. When this occurs the HSAccess code sets the name to “UNKNOWN”
4. Heats of reaction in HYSYS appear to be always calculated and are not output to the
XML file when only specification data is output.
Common Data Base Structure – RxnSet and Reaction
Parameters
The parameters in this layer are named same as those in PRO/II except for a few minor changes.
RxnSet Parameters
KineTypeFlag Kinetic rate calculation method
ReactionID Reaction components
RxSetDescription Reaction set description
Reaction Parameters
NumRxnComps Number of reaction data components
CompID Component IDs
StoichCoeff Stoichiometric coefficients
RxnDefFormat Reaction display format
ReactionDescription Reaction description (formula, name)
HeatOfRxnOption Heat of reaction option (calculated, user-
specified)
HeatOfRxn kJ/kg-mol Heat of reaction
HRxnRefCompID Heat of reaction ref component
SIM4ME 120

HeatRxnRefTemp K Heat of reaction ref temperature
HeatRxnRefPhase Heat of reaction ref phase
EquDataFlag Define equilibrium data flag
EquCoeff Equilibrium coefficients A, B, C, D, E, F, G
EquRxnPhaseDflt Equilibrium reaction default phase
EquLiqConcBasis Equilibrium reaction liquid conc basis
EquVapConcBasis Equilibrium reaction vapor conc basis
EquExponent Equilibrium activity exponents
EquCompPhase Equilibrium data component reaction phases
EquilCoeffsTempUOM Temperature UOM for equilibrium coefficients
EquWeightUOM Weight UOM for equilibrium constant
EquVolumeUOM Volume UOM for equilibrium constant
EquPresUOM Pressure UOM for equilibrium constant
KinDataFlag Define kinetic data flag
KinPexpFactor Pre-exponential factor
KinActiEnergy kJ/kg-mol Activation energy
KinTempExp Temperature exponent
KinRxnPhaseDflt Kinetic default reaction phase
KinLiqConcBasis Kinetic reaction liquid conc basis
KinVapConcBasis Kinetic reaction vapor conc basis
KinExponent Kinetic exponents (reaction orders)
KinCompPhase Kinetic data component reaction phases
PexpTempUOM Temperature UOM for pexp
PexpWeightUOM Weight UOM for pexp
PexpVolumeUOM Volume UOM for pexp
PexpPresUOM Pressure UOM for pexp
PexpTimeUOM Time UOM for pexp
SIM4ME 121
Rigorous Heat Exchanger
This document describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II Rigorous Heat Exchanger
translation to the equivalent Dynsim, ROMeo and HYSYS™ Heat Exchanger.
Base PRO/II Model
The Rigorous Heat Exchanger unit operation carries out a performance rating of an existing shell
and tube heat exchanger handling single phase, condensing or vaporizing streams. Vapor-Liquid
and Vapor-Liquid-Liquid phase equilibria are supported.
Parameters

CurrentFeeds
CurrentProducts
MergedFeed The stream ID of the merged feed stream.
stream. This is an internal product stream
MergedProduct that is used to set the Temperature, Pressure,
enthalpy and composition of all product
streams
A vector containing the IDs of all of the
FeedData
feed streams.
ProductData
product streams.
Index into FeedData locating first feed to
FirstFeed
each side
Index into FeedData locating last feed to
LastFeed
each side
Index into ProductData locating first
FirstProduct
product to each side
Index into ProductData locating last
LastProduct
Phase specifications for product stream
ProductStoreData
(Mixed, Vapor, Liquid)
PseudoProdData pseudo product streams (attached to
column)
FlowTypeFlag 0 - Counter Current, 1- Co Current
NumOfTube Number of tubes per Shell
NumOf TubePasses Number of tube passes per Shell
NumOfShellPasses Number of shell side passes
NumOfParShells Number of Parallel Shells
NumOfSerShells Number of Shells in series
SIM4ME 122

NumOfFansPerBay Number of Fans per Bay
FanDraftType 0 – Induced draft
1 – Forced draft
AttachedSideFlag Attached side (not attached, hot side
attached to column, cold side attached to
column)
AttachedTypeFlag Attached type (not attached, condenser, re-
boiler, pump around heater /cooler, side
heater / cooler)
ColuHeaterName Attached column heater name
ColuPAName Attached column pump around name
UvalFoul kJ/hr-m2-K U value with fouling
UvalNoFoul kJ/hr-m2-K U value without fouling
UAVal kJ/hr-K UA Value
AreaUsingUDirty m2 Area
FTFct LMTD correction factor
LogMeanTempDiff K LMTD
MeanTempDiff K Mean temperature difference
TubeLen m Tube length
TubePressDropCalc kPa Tube side pressure drop
TubeFoulFct hr-m2-K/kJ Tube side fouling factor
TubeDens kg/ m3 Tube density
TubeThck m Tube thickness
TubeFilmCoeff kJ/hr- m2-K Tube side film coefficient
TubeFoul hr- m2-K/kJ Tube side fouling
TubeTempOut K Tube side outlet temperature
ShellTempOut K Shell side outlet temperature
TubeID m Tube inside diameter
TubeOD m Tube outside diameter
ShellID m Shell inside diameter
UnitAreaPerShell m2 Area of unit per shell basis
ShellFoulFct m2-hr-K/kJ Shell side fouling factor
ShellPressDropCalc kPa Shell side pressure drop
ShellFoul m2-hr-K/kJ Shell side fouling
ShellEmptyWt kg Shell empty weight
ExchngHtDuty kJ/sec Exchanger Heat Duty
ShellMatDens kg/m3 Shell material density
TubeBundleWt kg Tube bundle weight
BaffleSpc m Baffle spacing
InletBaffleSpc m Inlet baffle spacing
OutletBaffleScp m Outlet baffle spacing
TubePitch m Tube pitch
SpecType Specification type
HotSideType Hot side type
NumOfSealStrippairs Number pf seal strip pairs
PitchPattern Pitch pattern
SIM4ME 123
Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models: Header - Heat Exchanger - Drum
The HeatExchanger is a single pass, two-sided heat exchanger that uses the LMTD approach to
calculate the duty. It can be configured as countercurrent or cocurrent. The two sides are called
Shell and Tube. Both sides are flow devices and are instances of the same model (HeatSide), i.e.,
they are modeled in the same way. They may be thought of as lumped-model analogs of the two
sides of a shell and tube heat exchanger.
There are four nodes in the HeatExchanger with each side containing two nodes (inlet and exit
nodes). The heat transfer across the sides is due to the heat duty based on the logarithmic mean
temperature difference across these nodes and to natural convection. Ambient heat loss is also
modeled and is calculated separately for each side.
Each side has a metal mass and volume associated with it. These are distributed equally across
the two nodes. The metal and fluid in a node are considered to be at the same temperature. Bypass
flow, fouling resistance, and boundary conditions (temperature and enthalpy specifications on the
nodes) are also modeled for each side.
Parameters
Heat Exchanger / Utility Exchanger

Exchanger Parameter UOM Description
U kW/ m2-K Overall heat transfer coefficient
Un kW/ m2-K Natural convection heat transfer coefficient
Area m2 Total heat transfer area
CocurrentFlag 0 – Countercurrent, 1 – Cocurrent
Side (Heat & Utility)

Side Parameter UOM Description
Ul kW/ m2-K Ambient loss heat transfer coefficient
Wref kg/sec Reference mass flow rate for heat transfer
href kW/ m2-K Heat transfer coefficient at reference mass flow
FoulRes m2-K/kW Fouling resistance
Mm kg Metal mass
HeatSide
HeatSide Parameter UOM Description
Vol m3 Fluid volume of the side
J (kg/sec)/sqrt(kPa-kg/ m3) Flow conductance
SIM4ME 124

LMTD K Log mean temperature difference
Q kJ/sec LMTD duty
Qn kJ/sec Natural convection duty
Side (Heat / Utility)

Ti K Inlet node temperature
Tx K Outlet node temperature
HeatSide
Hi kJ/kg-mol Inlet node enthalpy
Hx kJ/kg-mol Outlet node enthalpy
Zi fraction Inlet node composition
Zx fraction Outlet node composition
MT kg-mol Total mole hold-up
Equivalent ROMeo Model: Performance Heat Exchanger
PRO/II Rigorous Heat Exchanger is modeled as Performance Heat Exchanger in ROMeo.
Parameters
Parameter/Variable UOM Type Description

U KJ/m2-K Variable Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
HOCO K Variable Difference in Hot Outlet Temp. and
Cold Outlet Temp.
HICO K Variable Difference in Hot Inlet and Cold
Outlet Temp.
HOCI K Variable Difference in Hot Outlet and Cold
Inlet Temp.
UArea kJ/hr-K Variable U * Area
ForceLMTDCalc Variable LMTD calculation flag.
HotSide String Describes which is Hot Side
ColdSide String Describes which is Cold Side
ConfigMode String Configuration, set as Performance.
FlowDir String Counter-Current or Co-Current
arrangement
OverallConfig String TwoSided or Single Sided
TubeHtCoCorr Variable
FResistOverall hr-m2-K/kJ Variable Overall Heat Transfer Resistance
TubeHtTransAreaOutside m2 Variable Outside Tube Heat Transfer Area
SIM4ME 125

TubeHtTransAreaInside m2 Variable Inside Tube Heat Transfer Area
ShellHtCo KJ/m2-K Variable Shell Side Heat Transfer Coefficient.
Sub Model
Shell
CurrSpec String Current Specification

v_Duty kj/sec Variable Duty
v_DewPtPlus K Variable Temperature above Dew Point
v_BubPtMinus K Variable Temperature below Bubble Point
v_TempChange K Variable Temperature Change
v_ProdTemp K Variable Product Temperature
v_ProdVapFrac Fraction Variable Product Vapor Fraction
v_FoulResist hr-m2-K/kJ Variable Foul Resistance
v_Pres kPa Variable Pressure
v_PresDrop kPa Variable Pressure Drop
ShellDPUnit.PresChoice Variable Pressure Drop Calculation Choice
FResist
CurrFoulingResistanceCas String Foul Resistance Case
e
CurrFoulingResistanceCas String Case Name
eName
CurrFoulingResistanceCas String
Desc Case Description
CurrFoulingResistance hr-m2-K/kJ Variable Foul Resistance Value
ShellSideHtCo
LogReyNo Variable Log of Reynolds Number
ReyNo Variable Reynolds Number
PrandtlNo Variable Prandtl Number
NoOfBaffles Variable Number of Baffles
ShellToBaffleLeakageArea m2 Variable Leak Area between Baffle and Shell
TubeToBaffleLeakageArea m2 Variable Leak Area between Baffle and Tube
NoOfTubeRowsInACrossF Variable
lowSection Number of Tubes in Cross Flow Area
HtCo KJ/m2-K Variable Heat Transfer Coefficient
CorrFactBaffleLeakage Variable Baffle Leakage Correction Factor
CrossFlowArea m2 Variable Cross Flow Area
kJ/Kg-Mol- Variable Average Specific Heat
AvgSpHt K
AvgVisc Pa-Sec Variable Average Viscosity
AvgCond W/m-K Variable Average Conductivity
SIM4ME 126
MassFlowRate kg/sec Variable Mass Flow Rate

JFacIdealTubeBank Variable Ideal J Factor
CorrFactBaffleConfigEffec Variable
ts Baffle geometry correction factor
CorrFactBundleBypass Variable Bundle bypass correction factor
ShellCSectArea m2 Variable Shell cross sectional area
CorrFactUnEqualBaffleSpa Variable
cing Baffle Unequal spacing factor
CorrFactAdverseTempGra Variable Adverse Temp. Gradient correction
d factor
CorrFactAdverseTempGra Variable Adverse Temp. Gradient Prime
dPrime correction factor
HtCoIdealTubeBank Variable Ideal Heat Transfer coefficient
AreaRatioLeakageToCross Variable
Flow Leakage area to cross flow area ratio
AreaRatioFractionShellBaf Variable Shell baffle leakage to cross flow area
fleLeakage ratio.
FractionCrossFlowAreaFor Variable
Bypass Fraction of cross flow area for bypass
WindowEquivDia Variable Equivalent Window Area
NoOfTubeRowsInEachWi Variable Tubes in each Window
ndow
JFac.v_LogReyNo Variable Log of Reynolds Number
JFac.v_LogJFacIdealTube Variable Reynolds Number
Bank
ShellConfig
TubePitch m Variable Tube Pitch
BaffleCut Fraction Variable Baffle Cut
BaffleSpacing m Variable Baffle Spacing
NoOfSealStrips Variable Number of Seal Strips
MaxBaffleSpacing m Variable Maximum Baffle Spacing
GrossWindowArea m2 Variable Gross Window Area
TubeWindowArea m2 Variable Tube Window Area
FractionOfTubesInCrossFl Fraction Variable Fraction of Tubes In Cross Flow
ow
FlowWindowArea m2 Variable Flow Window Area
WindowEquivDia m Variable Equivalent Window Diameter
TubeLayoutOption String Default is Square Rotated
ShellsArrangement String Default is Series
BaffleSpacingEntranceRati Variable Ratio of entrance baffle spacing to
o baffle spacing
Variable Ratio of exit baffle spacing to baffle
BaffleSpacingExitRatio spacing
TubeOtl m Variable Tube Outer tube Limit
TubeHtTransArea m Variable Tube Heat transfer area
TubeArea m Variable Tube cross area
MinBaffleSpacing m Parameter Minimum baffle spacing
SIM4ME 127
Tube
CurrSpec String Current Specification
v_Duty kj/sec Variable Duty
v_DewPtPlus K Variable Temperature above Dew Point
v_BubPtMinus K Variable Temperature below Bubble Point
v_TempChange K Variable Temperature Change
v_ProdTemp K Variable Product Temperature
v_ProdVapFrac Fraction Variable Product Vapor Fraction
v_Pres kPa Variable Pressure
v_PresDrop kPa Variable Pressure Drop
TubeSideHtCo
ReyNo Variable
PrandtlNo Variable
Pres kPa Variable Pressure
HtCo KJ/m2-K Variable Heat Transfer Coefficient
FricFact Variable Tube Friction Factor
TubesPerPass Variable Tubes per pass
TubeDPUnit Variable
Pres kPa Variable Pressure
PresDrop kPa Variable Pressure Drop
PresChoice Variable Pressure Drop calculation choice
MassVel Kg/m/sec Variable Mass Velocity
MassFlowRate Kg/sec Variable Mass Flow Rate
kJ/Kg- Variable Average Specific Heat
AvgSpHt Mol-K
AvgVisc Pa-Sec Variable Average Viscosity
AvgCond W/m-K Variable Average Conductivity
TubeArea m2 Variable Tube Area
hr-m2- Variable
CurrFoulingResistance K/kJ Foul resistance value
CurrFoulingResistanceCase String Foul resistance case
CurrFoulingResistanceCase String
Name Case Name
CurrFoulingResistanceCase String Case Description.
Desc
Equivalent HYSYS Model: Heat Exchanger
HYSYS™ Heat Exchanger is translated as a Rigorous Heat Exchanger in PRO/II.
Heat Exchanger can be specified in number of ways viz. Exchanger Design (Weighted end point),
Steady State Rating, UA, Duty, LMTD, Product temperature, Temperature Difference, Sub
cooling, Superheating, Shell and tube bundle data, Shell and tube pressure drop.
SIM4ME 128
Parameters

TubeFluidPkg ALIAS String Tube side Methodslate/Compslate
TubeSideFluidPackage.FluidPack
age.Value
ShellFluidPkg ALIAS String Shell side Methodslate/Compslate
ShellSideFluidPackage.FluidPack
age.Value
CounterOrCoCurrent String CounterCurrent/Co-Current
ShellHeatTransferCoeff Float Shell side heat transfer coefficient
TubeHeatTransferCoeff Float Tubel side heat transfer coefficient
RatingUA Float UA
ShellFouling Float Shell side fouling
TubeFouling Float Tube side fouling
ShellsInSeries Long Shells in series
ShellsInParallel Long Shells in parallel
TubePasses Long Tube passes per Shell
TubeOrientation String Horizantal/Vertical
TEMAType1 String TEMA type 1
TubePitch Float Tube pitch
TubeLayourAngle String Tube layout
NoOfTubes Long Number of Tubes
TubeLength Float Tube length
TubeWallConductivity Float Tube wall Conductivity
BaffleType String Baffle Type
BaffleOrient String Baffle Orientation
BaffleCut Flaot Baffle cut
BaffleSpacing Float Baffle Spacing
TubeOuterDiameter Float Tube OD
TubeInnerDiameter Float Tube ID
ShellPressureDrop Float Shell Pressure drop
TubePressureDrop Float Tube Pressure drop
TubeFeedStreams ALIAS String Tube Feed Stream
x_TubeInletStream.TaggedName
ShellFeedStreams ALIAS String Shell Feed Stream
x_ShellInletStream.TaggedName
TubeProdStreams ALIAS String Tube Product Stream
x_TubeOutletStream.TaggedNam
e
ShellProdStreams ALIAS String Shell Product Stream
x_ShellOutletStream.TaggedNam
e
SpecName ALIAS Stringarray Specification Name
HeatExchPerformance.HeatExcha
ngerSpecifications.x_ExchangerS
SIM4ME 129

pec.SpecName
SpecStatus ALIAS Intarray Used to determine if specification is
HeatExchPerformance.HeatExcha active or not
pec.SpecifiedValue.Status
SpecObjName ALIAS Stringarray Specification object name
HeatExchPerformance.HeatExcha
pec.SpecifiedObjectName1
SpecType ALIAS Intarray Spec type selection
HeatExchPerformance.HeatExcha 0 - Temp
ngerSpecifications.x_ExchangerS 1 - Delta temp
pec.SpecTypeSelection 2 - UA
3 - LMTD
5 - Duty
6 - Min Approach
7 - Flow
8 - FLow Ratio
9 - Duty Ratio
11 - Subcooling
12 – SuperHeating
HeatExchPerformance.Exchanger Float Duty
ColdDuty
HeatExchPerformance.HeatLeak Float Heat Leak through cold side
HeatExchPerformance.HeatLoss Float Heat Loss through hot side
HeatExchPerformance.HeatLeak. Long 4 = Calculated
Status
HeatExchPerformance.HeatLoss. Long 4 = Calculated
Status
Common Data Base Structure – RigorousHX
Units of Measure
Internal Units of Measure for the Common Data Base Structure is in P2Internal units
Parameters
Common Parameters
PRO/II TL Parameter Dynsim Parameter ROMeo Parameter
FirstFeed
LastFeed
FirstProduct
LastProduct
ProductStoreData
PseudoProdData
FlowTypeFlag CoCurrentFlag CoCounterFlag FlowDir
NumOfTube NumOfTube NumberOfTubes
SIM4ME 130
Common Parameters
NumOf TubePasses NumOf TubePasses NumOfTubePasses
NumOfShellPasses NumOfShellPasses
NumOfParShells NumOfParShells Shell
NumOfSerShells NumOfSerShells Shell
NumOfFansPerBay
FanDraftType?
AttachedSideFlag
AttachedTypeFlag
ColuHeaterName
ColuPAName
UValFoul U UOverall U
UAVal UAValue UArea
Ul
Un
AreaUsingUDirty Area Area TubeHtTransAreaOutside /
TubeHtTransAreaInside
FTFct LMTDFactor LMTDFactor
LogMeanTempDiff LMTD LMTD LMTD
MeanTempDiff
ExchngHtDuty HeatDuty TubeDuty/ShellDuty
Shell/Tube Side parameters
Shell.NumOfFeeds Shell.NumOfFeeds
CurrentFeeds
Tube.NumOfFeeds Tube.NumOfFeeds
Shell.NumOfProds Shell.NumOfProds
CurrentProducts
Tube.NumOfProds Tube.NumOfProds
Shell.MergedFeed
MergedFeed
Tube. MergedFeed
Shell. MergedProd
MergedProduct
Tube. MergedProd
Shell.OFeedStream Shell.FeedStreams
FeedData
Tube.OFeedStream Tube.FeedStreams
Shell.OProdStream Shell.ProdStreams
ProductData
Tube.OProdStream Tube.ProdStreams
TubeLen Tube.Length TubeLength
TubePressDropCalc Tube.PressureDrop PresDrop
TubeFoulFct
TubeDens Tube.MetalDensity
TubeThck Tube.Thickness
TubeFilmCoeff Tube.FilmCoeff
TubeFoul Tube.FoulRes Tube.FoulRes CurrFoulingResistance
TubeTempOut Tube.Tx Tube.OutletTemperature ProdTemp
ShellTempOut Shell.Tx Shell.OutletTemperature ProdTemp
TubeID Tube.InsideDiameter TubeId
TubeOD Tube.OutsideDiameter TubeOd
ShellID Shell.InsideDiameter
ShellFoulFct
SIM4ME 131
Common Parameters
ShellPressDropCalc Shell.PressureDrop PresDrop
ShellFoul Shell.FoulRes Shell.FoulRes CurrFoulingResistance
Shell.h
Tube.h
Shell.Wref
Tube.Wref
Shell.Href
Tube.Href
Shell.Ti Shell.InletTemperature
Tube.Ti Tube.InletTemperature
Shell.Hi, Shell.Hx Shell.InletSpecificEnthalpy
Tube.Hi, Tube.Hx Shell.OutletSpecificEnthalpy
Tube.InletSpecificEnthalpy
Tube.OutletSpecificEnthalpy
Shell.Zi, Shell.Zx Shell.InletCompMoleFractio
Tube.Zi, Tube.Zx n
Shell.OutletCompMoleFracti
on
Tube.InletCompMoleFractio
n
Tube.OutletCompMoleFracti
on
Shell.MT Shell.TotalMoles
Tube.MT Tube.TotalMoles
Shell.M Shell.CompMolesState
Tube.M Tube.CompMolesState
ShellEmptyWt Shell.Mm Shell.MetalMass
Tube.Mm
Shell.J Shell.FlowConductance
Tube.J Tube.FlowConductance
Shell.Vol Shell.Volume
Tube.Vol Tube.Volume
SIM4ME 132
Calculation of Derived Parameter from TL to PRO/II Layer
Tube/Shell side heat transfer coefficient
If HS calculated values, for Shell/Tube heat transfer coefficient is zero or less than zero then
these are calculated as
1 1 1
= + + FR(t ) + FR( s )
U HTC (t ) HTC ( s )
Assume HTC(t) = HTC(s)
U *2
HTC =
(1 − U * ( FR(t ) + FR( s ))
where:
HTC(t) – Tube side Heat Transfer Coefficient

HTC(S) – Shell Side Heat Transfer Coefficient
FR(t) – Tube Foul Resistance
FR(s) – Shell Foul Resistance
U – Overall Heat Transfer resistance
In the common data model the SimpleHx in PROII is retained as is and the following parameters
are calculated.
Volume of nodes
TubeVolume = NumOfTubes ⋅ ( NumOfParShells ⋅ NumOfSerShells ) ⋅ π ⋅ TubeID 2 ⋅ TubeLen

ShellVolume = ( NumOfParShells ⋅ NumOfSerShells ) ⋅ π ⋅ ShellID 2 ⋅ (TubeLen)
Total Moles
= Vol ⋅ MassDensity
MT
Mw
Flow Conductance
F ⋅ MW f
J=
∆P ⋅ R f ⋅ MW f
Ri + Rx
Rf =
2
MW f ⋅ Ri + MWx ⋅ Rx
MW f =
Ri + Rx
SIM4ME 133
where:
Fi - Inlet mole flow rate in (kg-mol/sec)
J - Flow conductance in (kg/sec)/sqrt(kPa kg/m3)
MWf - Forward molecular weight in (kg /kg-mol)
MWi - Inlet node fluid molecular weight in (kg /kg-mol)
MWx - Exit node fluid molecular weight in (kg /kg-mol)
Rf - Forward molar density in (kg-mol/m3)
Ri - Inlet node fluid molar density in (kg-mol/m3)
Rx - Exit node fluid molar density in (kg-mol/m3)
∆P - Pressure difference across the side in (kPa)
Metal Mass
Based on the volume of side and density of 7760 kg/m3 we can calculate the metal mass.
MmTube = ( NumOfParShells ⋅ NumOfSerShells ) ⋅ TubeBundleWt

MmTube = MAX (Mmcalculated ,1000.0)
In TL layer the U and Area will always be available.
Heat Transfer Coefficient
Assume equal heat transfer coefficients for each side. In Dynsim,
TotalDuty = Q + Qn
Q = U * Area * LMTD
Qn = n
U * Area
(Tin + Tout − 2.0 * Tavg )
2.0
(T + T ) + (Tin + Tout )side 2
Tavg = in out side1
4.0
TotalDuty − Qn
U=
Area * LMTD
2.0
h=
⎛1 ⎞
⎜ − 2.0 * Foul Re s ⎟
⎝U ⎠
In above equations, Qn can be calculated using Dynsim’s default value for Un and hence ‘h’.
SIM4ME 134
Number of Tube in Cross Flow Area
[1 - 2(lc/Ds)] /pp
where:
Lc/Ds - Baffle Cut (fraction)
pp - Parallel Pitch
Number of Effective Cross-Flow rows in each window
0.8lc/pp
where:
Lc :- Baffle Cut (m)
Cross Flow Area
BaffleSpc * (ShellDia - TubeOtl + (TubeOtl - TubeOd) * ( TubePitch - TubeOd)

( TubePitch * 0.70710678 1) )
where:
TubeOtl - Outer Tube Limit
Parallel Pitch
TubePitch * 0.707106781
Normal Pitch
TubePitch * 0.707106781
Shell Diameter
ShellDiameter * (NumShellsInPar)
Number of Tubes
NumofTubes * NumShellsInPar
Tube Window Area
NumberOfTubes * (1 - (FractionOfTubesInCrossFlow)) * 3.14 * TubeOd * TubeOd

8
Flow Window Area

Gross Window Area – Tube Window Area
SIM4ME 135
Window Equivalent Diameter
4 * FlowWindowArea
(1.57 * NumberOfTubes * (1 - FractionOfTubesInCrossFlow) * TubeOd + ShellDia * 2 * (1 - 2 * BaffleCut))
Tube to Baffle LeakageArea
6.223e - 4 * TubeOd * NumofTubes * (1 + FractionOfTubesInCrossFlow)
SIM4ME 136
Shortcut Column
This section describes the scope and various scenarios of the HYSYS™ Shortcut Column
translation to a PRO/II Shortcut distillation column.
Base PRO/II Model – Shortcut Distillation Column
PRO/II contains shortcut distillation calculation methods for determining column conditions such
as separations, minimum trays, and minimum reflux ratios. The shortcut method assumes that an
average relative volatility may be defined for the column. The Fenske method is used to compute
the separations and minimum number of trays required. The minimum reflux ratio is determined
by the Underwood method. The Gilliland method is used to calculate the number of theoretical
trays required and the actual reflux rates and condenser and reboiler duties for a given set of
actual to minimum reflux ratios. Finally, the Kirkbride method is used to determine the optimum
feed location.
The shortcut distillation model is a useful tool for preliminary design when properly applied.
Shortcut methods will not, however, work for all systems. For highly non-ideal systems, shortcut
methods may give very poor results or no results at all. In particular, for columns in which the
relative volatilities vary greatly, shortcut methods will give poor results since both the Fenske
and Underwood methods assume that one average relative volatility may be used for calculations
for each component.
There are two shortcut distillation models available in PRO/II. In the first method
(CONVENTIONAL), which is the default, total reflux conditions exists in the column. In the
second method (REFINE), the shortcut column consists of a series of one feed, two product
columns, starting with the bottom section. In this model, there is no reflux between the sections.
Parameters
Shortcut Column Parameter UOM Description

CondTempCalc K Condenser Temperature
MinNumOfTraysCalc Minimum Number of Trays
MinRefluxRatioCalc Minimum reflux ratio
NumOfTrays Number of trays
CondenserDuty KJ/sec Condenser Duty
FeedStageLocation Feed Stage Location
PressureOrDP Pressure Or DP Spec Flag
ProdRateCalc Kg-mol/sec Product Rate
ReboilerDuty KJ/sec Reboiler Duty
RefluxRatio Reflux Ratio
PressureFlag Pressure Flag
ProductStoreData Product type ( Vap/Liq/Mixed )
LiquidPhaseFlag Liquid Phase Flag
FenskeIndxCalc Fenske Index
HeavyKeyCompCalc fraction Heavy Key Composition
SIM4ME 137
Shortcut Column Parameter UOM Description

LightKeyCompCalc fraction Light Key Composition
NumOfSpecifications Num Of Specifications
CondenserType Condenser Type
~COMPSLATE Component Slate
MethodData Method Slate
FeedData Feed Stream
ProductData Product Stream
SpecData Specification Name
Equivalent Hysys Model – Shortcut Column
HYSYS™ Shortcut Column performs Frenske-Underwood shortcut calculations for simple

refluxed towers. The Frenske minimum number of trays and the underwood minimum reflux are
calculated. A specified reflux ratio can then be used to calculate the flow rates of vapor and liquid
in the enriching and stripping sections, duty of condenser and reboiler, number of ideal trays and
location of optimum feed.
Parameters
Parameter/Variable UOM Description

CondenserDuty KJ/sec Condenser Duty
CondenserPressure KPa Condenser Pressure
CondenserTemperature K Condenser Temperature
ReboilerDuty KJ/sec Reboiler Duty
ReboilerPressure KPa Reboiler Pressure
ReboilerTemperature K Reboiler Temperature
ExternalReflux External Reflux
HeavyKeySpec Fraction Heavy Key Spec
LightKeySpec Fraction Light Key Spec
MinimumNumberOfTrays Minimum Number Of Trays
ActualNumberOfTrays Actual Number Of Trays
MinimumReflux Minimum Reflux Ratio
OptimalFeed Optimal Feed Location
OverHeadVapourFrac Fraction Over Head Vapor Fraction
Bottoms Bottom Product Stream
Condenser Condenser Name
FluidPkg Fluid package
HeavyKeyIndex Heavy Key Component
LightKeyIndex Light Key Component
OverHead Overhead Product Stream
Reboiler Reboiler Name
Feed Feed Stream
SIM4ME 138
ProII Shortcut TL Slate Change Hysys Shortcut Column

Column Parameters Parameter Parameters
CondTempCalc CondTempCalc CondenserTemperature
MinNumOfTraysCalc MinNumOfTraysCalc MinimumNumberOfTrays
MinRefluxRatioCalc MinRefluxRatioCalc MinimumReflux
NumOfTrays NumOfTrays ActualNumberOfTrays
CondenserDuty CondenserDuty CondenserDuty
FeedStageLocation FeedStageLocation OptimalFeed
PressureOrDP PressureOrDP
ProdRateCalc ProdRateCalc
ReboilerDuty ReboilerDuty ReboilerDuty
RefluxRatio RefluxRatio ExternalReflux/MinimumReflux
PressureFlag PressureFlag
ProductStoreData ProductStoreData
LiquidPhaseFlag LiquidPhaseFlag
FenskeIndxCalc FenskeIndxCalc
HeavyKeyCompCalc HeavyKeyCompCalc HeavyKeySpec
LightKeyCompCalc LightKeyCompCalc LightKeySpec
NumOfSpecifications NumOfSpecifications
CondenserType CondenserType
~COMPSLATE COMPSLATE
FluidPkg
MethodData MethodSlate
FeedData FeedData Feed
ProductData ProductData OverHead, Bottoms
SpecData SpecData
SIM4ME 139
Simple Heat Exchanger
This document describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II Simple Heat Exchanger
translation to the Dynsim Heat Exchanger or Utility Exchanger and a ROMeo Heat Exchanger. It
also describes the HYSYS™ Heater/Cooler translation to a PRO/II Simple Heat Excahnger.
Base PRO/II Model
Simple heat exchanger could be two sided or one sided (Utility exchanger). Each side could have
one or more feed and one or more product.
Parameters

CurrentFeeds
CurrentProducts
MergedFeed The stream ID of the merged feed stream.
stream. This is an internal product stream
MergedProduct that is used to set the Temperature, Pressure,
enthalpy and composition of all product
streams
FeedData
feed streams.
ProductData
product streams.
Index into FeedData locating first feed to
FirstFeed
each side
Index into FeedData locating last feed to
LastFeed
each side
Index into ProductData locating first
FirstProduct
Index into ProductData locating last
LastProduct
Phase specifications for product stream
ProductStoreData
(Mixed, Vapor, Liquid)
PseudoProdData pseudo product streams (attached to
column).
Cocurrent / Countercurrent flag (Cocurrent
CoCounterFlag
mode, Countercurrent mode)
Utility flag (No Utility, Hot side utility,
UtilitySideFlag
Cold side utility)
UtilityFluidFlag Utility fluid type (None, Water, Air,
Steam, Refrigerant, Heating Medium, Oil,
SIM4ME 140

Gas)
NumberOfShellPass Number of shell side passes
NumberOfTubePass Number of tube side passes
AttachedSideFlag Attached side (not attached, hot side
attached to column, cold side attached to
column)
AttachedTypeFlag Attached type (not attached, condenser,
reboiler, pump-around heater /cooler, side
heater / cooler)
HxSides Flag to designate which sides are present
(hot side & utility on cold side, cold side &
utility on hot side, both sides)
ColuHeaterName Attached column heater name
ColuPAName Attached column pump-around name
DutyCalc kJ/sec Duty
HociCalc K (TDIFF) Hot out – cold in temperature difference
HicoCalc K (TDIFF) Hot in – cold out temperature difference
HocoCalc K (TDIFF) Hot out – cold out temperature difference
MiniCalc K (TDIFF) Minimum of HOCI or HICO
HotProdTempCalc K Hot product temperature
ColdProdTempCalc K Cold product temperature
UaCalc kW/K Value of exchanger U*A
UvalueCalc kW/ m2-K Overall heat transfer coefficient
AreaCalc m2 Heat transfer area
LmtdFactorCalc LMTD factor
LmtdCalc K Log mean temperature difference
HotPressDropCalc kPa Pressure drop on hot side
ColdPressDropCalc kPa Pressure drop on cold side
UtilityTempCalc K Utility temperature in or saturation
temperature
UtilityPresCalc kPa Utility saturation pressure
UtilityTempOutCalc K Outlet temperature of utility
UtilityHeatValue Utility Cp or heat value
UtilityFlowRate kg-mol/sec Utility flow rate
AttachedFeedRate kg-mol/sec Feed rate to attached heater or cooler on a
column
SpecTypeFlag 15 - U and A values specified separately
0 to 14 - U and A values not specified
separately
ColdDewCalc K Cold Side Dew Point
ColdBubbleCalc K Cold Side Bubble Point
ColdDeltaTempCalc K Cold Side Temperature Change
HotDewCalc K Hot Side Dew Point
HotBubbleCalc K Hot Side Bubble Point
HotDeltaTempCalc K Hot Side Temperature Change
SIM4ME 141
Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models : Header – Heat Exchanger – Utility

Exchanger - Drum
The Heat exchanger and Utility exchanger are single pass, two-sided heat exchanger that uses the
LMTD approach. In the Utility exchanger, utility fluid passes through one of the sides. Both sides
of Heat exchanger and process side of Utility exchanger are flow devices.
There are four nodes with each side containing two nodes (inlet and exit nodes). The heat transfer
across the sides is due to the heat duty based on LMTD across these nodes and to natural
convection.
Parameters

U kW/ m2-K Overall heat transfer coefficient
Un kW/ m2-K Natural convection heat transfer coefficient
Area m2 Total heat transfer area
CocurrentFlag 0 – Countercurrent, 1 – Cocurrent
Side (Heat & Utility)

Ul kW/ m2-K Ambient loss heat transfer coefficient
Wref kg/sec Reference mass flow rate for heat transfer
href kW/ m2-K Heat transfer coefficient at reference mass flow
FoulRes m2-K/kW Fouling resistance
Mm kg Metal mass
HeatSide
Vol m3 Fluid volume of the side
J (kg/sec)/sqrt(kPa-kg/ m3) Flow conductance
UtilitySide
UtilitySide Parameter UOM Description
Cpf kJ/kg-K Fluid mass specific heat (required for OTHER
option, set for AIR & WATER options, not
used for CONST_T & HEATSTREAM
options)
Mf kg Utility fluid mass holdup (required for OTHER
option)
SIM4ME 142

Jnc kg/sec-K Temperature driven air flow conductance
Tin K Utility inlet temeperature
UtilityOption Options are: WATER, AIR, OTHER,
CONST_T & HEATSTREAM
Hliq KW/m2-K Liquid heat transfer coefficient (used for
HEATSTREAM option only)
Hvap KW/m2-K Vapor heat transfer coefficient (used for
HEATSTREAM option only)
Wmax kg/sec Maximum utility fluid flow rate

LMTD K Log mean temperature difference
Q kJ/sec LMTD duty
Qn kJ/sec Natural convection duty
Side (Heat / Utility)

Ti K Inlet node temperature
Tx K Outlet node temperature
HeatSide
Hi kJ/kg-mol Inlet node enthalpy
Hx kJ/kg-mol Outlet node enthalpy
Zi fraction Inlet node composition
Zx fraction Outlet node composition
MT kg-mol Total mole hold-up
UtilitySide
W kg Utility mass flow rate
The Heat Exchanger models the heating or cooling of a stream to meet a given specification. The
heat exchanger unit can have one or two sides.
• One-sided units exchange energy between a process stream and a theoretically infinite
source or sink
• Two-sided units exchange heat between two process streams or exchange heat between a
process stream and a utility stream.
SIM4ME 143
• For a one-sided heat exchanger, the operating specification is either the duty or an outlet
stream condition. The outlet stream condition can be the temperature, the liquid fraction,
or it can be related to the dew or bubble point temperature of the stream.
• A two-sided heat exchanger transfers heat between two feed streams, adjusting the duty
to satisfy the operating specification. You must specify one operating specification for
the heat exchanger and, optionally, the pressure drop for each side of the heat exchanger.
The ROMeo Simple Heat Exchanger unit operation models one and two-sided heat exchangers
without zones analysis.
The following assumptions apply to the heat exchanger
• The LMTD calculations assume that no phase change takes place (i.e. only sensible heat
is exchanged).
The ROMeo Simple Heat Exchanger model has one feed stream for each side. If multiple feed
streams are required, you must combine the streams using a Mixer unit operation before the heat
exchanger.
One product stream for each side
The ROMeo Simple Heat Exchanger model has just one product stream for each side. If you
require multiple product streams, you must divide the stream using a Splitter unit operation after
the exchanger. If you need to separate product phases, add a Flash unit operation after the heat
exchanger.
Single or mixed phase allowed
Both hot-side and cold-side streams can be either single or mixed phase.
Utility feed streams must be defined as product streams from Source unit operations
Temperature specifications
The product stream temperature can also be specified in relation to the dew or bubble point
temperature.
The following are the user input requirements
• You must specify the configuration of the exchanger as one or two-sided and specify the
hot side as either tube or shell side.
• For heat exchangers already on the flowsheet, you can change these specifications by
right-clicking on the unit icon for a menu of options.
• The hot side loses energy (duty is negative) and the cold side gains energy (duty is
positive). The heat exchanger will generate a warning if the sides are not correctly
specified, but the solution will still be correct. However, ROMeo does not automatically
switch sides even when the cold side has a higher temperature. Correct steam assignment
is the responsibility of the user.
SIM4ME 144
Parameters

SingleSidedSpec 0 for two sides and 1 for single side
ForceLMTDCalc default - 0
BypassHX default - 0
LMTDFlag default – 0 ; 1 for checking Always calculate LMTD
LMTDVar LMTD value
ConfigMode [ConfigModes] - Simple, Performance
FlowDir [FlowDirs] - CounterCurrent, CoCurrent
HotSide [Sides] - Shell, Tube
ColdSide [Sides] - Shell, Tube
CurrSpec [Specs] - HICO, HOCI, HOCO, U
OverallConfig Shell, Tube, Two-Sided
HeatLoss kJ/sec
HOCO K HOCO Temperature Approach
HICO K HICO Temperature Approach
HOCI K HOCI Temperature Approach
U kJ/m2-K Heat Transfer Coefficient
Area m2 Area of exchanger
UArea kJ/K U*Area
CorrFacVar
CorrectionFactor
Sub Model
Shell Parameter UOM Description
Pres kPa
PresDrop kPa
Duty kJ/sec Duty
DewPtPlus K Dew Point Plus
BubPtMinus K Bubble Point Minus
TempChange K Temperature Change (increase/decrease)
ProdTemp K Product Temperature
ProdVapFrac fraction Product Vapor Fraction
Tube Parameter
Pres kPa
PresDrop kPa
Duty kJ/sec Duty
DewPtPlus K Dew Point Plus
BubPtMinus K Bubble Point Minus
TempChange K Temperature Change (increase/decrease)
ProdTemp K Product Temperature
ProdVapFrac fraction Product Vapor Fraction
LMTD
DeltaTemp1 K
DeltaTemp2 K
DeltaTempHi K
SIM4ME 145
DeltaTempLo K
DeltaTempHi2 K
TempRatio
LMTD LMTD
CorrFact
CorrFactPrime
RVar
SVar
SPrime
CorrFact fraction CorrFact
RTemp
Equivalent HYSYS Model: Heater/Cooler
Heater and Cooler operations in HYSYS™ are translated as a single sided exchanger in PRO/II.
These models have a process feed stream, a product stream, and a heat stream connected to the
energy port.
Heater and Cooler can have the specifications: Duty, Product temperature, etc. If the
Heater/Cooler is specified with other than Duty, then it is mapped to product temperature.
Parameters

FluidPackage.ParentFlowS String Methodslate/Compslate
heet.AttachmentName
HeatFlow Float Heat through energy stream
PressureDrop Float Pressure Drop
HeatModelManager.HeatM Float If duty is calculated from specification
odel.DutyVariable
FeedStream ALIAS StringA Feed Streams
x_FeedStream.Attachment rray
Name
ProdStream ALIAS StringA Product Streams
x_ProductStream.Attachme rray
ntName
SIM4ME 146
Common Data Base Structure – SimpleHX
Units of Measure
Internal Units of Measure for the Common Data Base Structure is in P2Internal units
Parameters
NumOfFeeds
NumOfProds
CoCounterFlag Flow Direction Flag
HeatDuty KJ/sec Duty
Hoci K HOCI Temperature Approach
Hico K HICO Temperature Approach
Hoco K HOCO Temperature Approach
MinHociHico K Minimum HOCI/HICO
UAValue KW/K U*A
UOverall KW/m2- U
K
Area m2 Area
LMTDFactor LMTD Correction Factor
LMTD LMTD Value
SpecTypeFlag Specification Type Flag
HxSides Two-Sided/Single Sided (Hot/Cold) param
Shell & Tube side parameters

Parameter/Variable UOM Description
Tube.PressureDrop KPa Pressure Drop
Shell.PressureDrop KPa Pressure Drop
Tube.ProdTemperature K Tube Product Temperature
Shell.ProdTemperature K Shell Product Temperature
Shell.FeedTemperature K Shell Feed Temperature
Tube.FeedTemperature K Tube Feed Temperature
Shell.FeedStreams
Tube.FeedStreams
Shell.ProdStreams
Tube.ProdStreams
ProII Parameter TL Parameter Dynsim Parameters ROMeo Parameters

Common Parameters
CurrentFeeds NumOfFeeds NumOfFeeds
CurrentProducts NumOfProds NumOfProds
ProductStoreData
CoCounterFlag CoCounterFlag CocurrentFlag FlowDir
DutyCalc HeatDuty
Qn
Q
HociCalc Hoci HOCI
HicoCalc Hico HICO
SIM4ME 147

HocoCalc Hoco HOCO
MiniCalc MinHociHico
UaCalc UAValue UArea
UvalueCalc UOverall U
U
Un
AreaCalc Area Area Area
LmtdFactorCalc LMTDFactor CorrFact
LmtdCalc LMTD LMTD LMTD
UtilitySideFlag
SpecTypeFlag SpecTypeFlag
Utility side parameters
UtilityFluidFlag Utility.UtilityOpt Utility.UtilityOption
ion
UtilityTempCalc Utility.InletTemp Utility.Tin
erature
UtilityPresCalc Utility.InletPress
ure
UtilityTempOutCa Utility.OutletTem Utility.Tx
lc perature
UtilityHeatValue Utility.SpecificH Utility.Cpf
eat
UtilityFlowRate Utility.MassFlow Utility.W
Utility.Mf
Utility.Wmax
Utility.Pos
Utility.Hliq
Utility.Hvap
Utility.Jnc
AttachedFeedRate
AttachedSideFlag
AttachedTypeFlag
HxSides HxSides
ColuHeaterName
ColuPAName
Shell & Tube side parameters (UtilitySideFlag =0)
HotPressDropCalc Tube.PressureDr
op
ColdPressDropCal Shell.PressureDr
c op
HotProdTempCalc Tube.ProdTempe Tube.Tx
rature
ColdProdTempCal Shell.ProdTempe Shell.Tx
c rature
Shell.FeedTempe Tube.Ti
rature
Tube.FeedTempe Tube.Tx
rature
SIM4ME 148

Tube.FlowCondu Tube.J
ctance
Shell.FlowCondu Shell.J
ctance
Tube.MassFlow Tube.Wref
Shell.MassFlow Shell.Wref
Tube.TotalMoles Tube.MT
Shell.TotalMoles Shell.MT
FeedData Shell.FeedStream Shell.OFeedStream
s Tube.OFeedStream
Tube.FeedStream
s
ProductData Shell.ProdStream Shell.OProdStream
s Tube.OProdStream
Tube.ProdStream
s
MergedFeed Shell.MergedFee
d
Tube.MergedFee
d
MergedProduct Shell.MergedPro
d
Tube.MergedPro
d
Tube.Volume Tube.Vol
Shell.Volume Shell.Vol
Tube.Ul
Shell.Ul
Tube.Mm
Shell.Mm
Tube.FoulRes
Shell.FoulRes
Tube.Href
Shell.Href
Process side parameters (UtilitySideFlag = 1 or 2)
ColdPressDropCal Process.Pressure
c Drop
(UtilitySideFlag=
1)
HotPressDropCalc Process.Pressure
Drop
(UtilitySideFlag=
2)
Process.Volume Process.Vol
Process.Ul
Process.Mm
Process.FoulRes
Process.Href
FeedData Process.FeedStre Process.OFeedStream
SIM4ME 149

ams
ProductData Process.ProdStre Process.OProdStream
ams
HotProdTempCalc Process.ProdTem Process.Tx
perature
(UtilitySideFlag=
1)
ColdProdTempCal Process.ProdTem Process.Tx
c perature
(UtilitySideFlag=
w)
Process.FeedTem Process.Ti
perature
Process.FlowCon Process.J
ductance
Process.MassFlo Process.Wref
w
Process.TotalMol Process.MT
es
ColdDewCalc Process.Dew Side{Shell}.v_DewPtPlus
ColdBubbleCalc Process.Bubble Side{Shell}.v_BubPtMinus
HotDewCalc Process.Dew Side{Tube}.v_DewPtPlus

HotBubbleCalc Process.Bubble Side{Tube}.v_BubPtMinus
In the common data model the SimpleHx in PRO/II is retained as is and the following parameters
are calculated.
U /Area
If Uoverall or Area is also available then the other could be calculated otherwise a value of Uoverall
(0.284 kW/m2-K == 50 Btu/hr-ft2-F) will be assumed and Area will be calculated.
Area = UAValue / UOverall
Volume of nodes
Assume equal volumes for each side. The tube-side volume can be calculated from following
equation (Plantwide Dynamic Simulators in Chemical Processing and Control, W. L. Luyben,
p.16)
D
V = * Area
4
SIM4ME 150
The pipe diameter can be fixed by selecting a standard pipe size. We will use a pipe with ¾” NPS
and pipe schedule of 40 which has
OD = 1.05"
ID = 0.824"
Thickness = 0.113
Total Moles
= Vol ⋅ MassDensity
MT
Mw
Flow Conductance
F ⋅ MW f
J=
∆P ⋅ R f ⋅ MW f
Ri + R x
Rf =
2
MW f ⋅ Ri + MW x ⋅ R x
MW f =
Ri + R x
SIM4ME 151
In TL layer the Total Duty and Uoverall *Area will always be available.
Heat Transfer Coefficient
Assume equal heat transfer coefficients for each side. In Dynsim,

TotalDuty = Q + Qn
Q = U * Area * LMTD
Qn = n
U * Area
(Tin + Tout − 2.0 * Tavg )
2.0
(T + T ) + (Tin + Tout )side 2
Tavg = in out side1
4.0
TotalDuty − Qn
U =
Area * LMTD
2.0
h=
⎛1 ⎞
⎜ − 2.0 * Foul Re s ⎟
⎝U ⎠
In above equations, Qn can be calculated using Dynsim’s default value for Un and hence ‘h’.
Metal Mass
Based on the volume of side and density of 7760 kg/m3 we can calculate the metal mass.
Mmcalculated = Area * Thickness * Density
Utility Maximum Flow
WMax = W / Pos
Utility Fluid Mass
Mf = W * 5
SIM4ME 152
Spec, Vary and Define
This document describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO II Spec, Vary, and Define
utilities translation to the equivalent ROMeo model. Spec and Vary of controller and MVC and
internal spec and vary of column are supported while those from Optimizer, Calculator and
Stream Calculator are not supported.
Base Pro II Model
Introduction and Usage
Specification
The generalized performance specification is a powerful tool with which you can calculate the
values for flowsheet operating conditions needed for a desired result. The performance of any
unit operation can be controlled by a specification using a controller or MVC. Additionally, for
unit operations like the flash, column and splitter the performance can be controlled by internal
specifications.
PRO/II allows numerous stream and unit operation parameters to be selected for specifications.
All specifications may simply set a flowsheet parameter at a specified value.
Optionally, the specification can be entered as a mathematical expression (sum, difference,

product or quotient) between two flowsheet parameters. This is useful when you want to fix the
result of a relationship between parameters within the same unit or across different units.
Variable
The generalized variable parameters are those which can be explicitly varied in order to satisfy
the specifications set in unit operations such as controller, MVC and column. There is always a
one-to-one relationship between the number of specifications and degrees of freedom (number of
parameters that can be varied to achieve the desired result).
Define
Unit operation parameters are normally given fixed numeric values. The Define system provides
an alternative method of setting a unit operation parameter in terms of other unit or stream
parameters in the flowsheet. The defined parameter may be set equal to another flowsheet
parameter or it may be the sum, difference, product or quotient of any two flowsheet parameters
or constants. The parameters on which the defined parameter is based are called Reference
Parameters. If the values of the reference parameters change, the defined parameter will
automatically be changed as well.
Parameters
The syntax for Define and Spec in PRO/II is
Defined Variable = Primary + math operator + Reference

Spec Value = Primary + math operator + Reference
SIM4ME 153
where allowed math operators are “+”, “-“, “/” and “*”.
In both cases, Reference could be a variable or a constant and it is optional. In case of Define,
Primary could be a variable or a constant while in case of Spec, Primary is always a variable.
Spec parameters are subset of define parameters so, only additional define parameters are
mentioned after the table of Spec parameters.
Spec Parameter Description

AbsTol Absolute tolerance (not used so far)
RelTol Relative tolerance (not used so far)
PriValue Value of Primary
RefVal Value of Reference
SpecValueCalc Specification value
Math operator (1= '+' operator, 2='-' operator, 3='/' operator,
OperatorCode
4='*' operator)
OriginUnitType PRO/II unit code for origin unit
PriUnitType PRO/II unit code for unit to which primary variable belongs
RefUnitType PRO/II unit code for unit to reference variable belongs
Basis for primary (1=mol basis, 2=wt. basis, 3=liq. Vol. basis,
PriBasisFlag
4=gas vol. basis)
RefBasisFlag Basis for reference variable
PriColumnTrayNumber Column tray number for primary
RefColumnTrayNumber Column tray number for reference
Parameter class for primary (0=undefined, 1=stream related,
PriParameterClass 2=total feed to unit, 3=column tray internal flow, 4=unit op,
5=unit op spec, 6=constant value, 7=thermo, 8=reaction, 9=tag)
RefParameterClass Parameter class for reference
Phase flag for primary (0=mixed, 1=vapor, 2=total liquid,
PriPhaseFlag
3=m.w. solids, 4=n.m.w comp, 12=liquid 1, 22=liquid 2)
RefPhaseFlag Phase flag for reference
Stream property for primary (201-temperature, 202-pressure,
PriStreamProperty1
211-rate, 212-enthalpy, 225-liquidfrac, 219-vaporfraction)
RefStreamProperty1 Stream property for reference
Value type for primary (1=actual value, 2=fraction, 3=percent,
PriValueTypeFlag
4=parts per million (ppm))
RefValueTypeFlag Value type for reference
PriVectorVatEntry Index of Primary variable, if vector
RefVectorVatEntry Index of Reference variable, if vector
PriWetDryBasisFlag Wet/Dry basis flag (1=wet, 2=dry)
RefWetDryBasisFlag Wet/Dry basis flag
ToleranceFlag 1=absolute value, 2=relative value, 3=percent
ToleranceType 1=pressure, 2=temperature, 3=duty, 4=miscellaneous
TypeOfInfomation 1=spec, 2=define, 3=vary, 4=change,5=objective, 6=constraint
OriginUnitID Unit ID of unit of origin
PriBegCompID Component ID of beginning component (primary)
RefBegCompID Component ID of beginning component (reference)
PriEndCompID Component ID of ending component (primary)
SIM4ME 154
Spec Parameter Description

RefEndCompID Component ID of ending component (reference)
PriStreamID Stream ID for primary
RefStreamID Stream ID for reference
PriUnitID Unit ID for primary
RefUnitID Unit ID for reference
PriVatEntryNumber Primary variable name
RefVatEntryNumber Reference variable name
PriVectorVatName String element of Primary vector variable
RefVectorVatName String element of Reference vector variable
PriDimenUnit UOM for primary
RefDimenUnit UOM for reference
Flag to indicate whether it should be translated further (0 – no, 1
IsSupported
– yes)
Additional Define
Description
Parameter
DefEstimate Estimate for define variable (not used so far)
Basis for define (1=mol basis, 2=wt. basis, 3=liq. vol. basis,
DefBasisFlag
4=gas vol. basis)
Parameter class for define (0=undefined, 1=stream related,
DefParameterClass 2=total feed to unit, 3=column tray internal flow, 4=unit op,
5=unit op spec, 6=constant value, 7=thermo, 8=reaction, 9=tag)
Value type for define (1=actual value, 2=fraction, 3=percent,
DefValueTypeFlag
DefVectorVatEntry Index of Define variable, if vector
DefWetDryBasisFlag Wet/Dry basis flag (1=wet, 2=dry)
DefInternalStreamID Stream ID of internal stream
DefUnitID Unit ID of unit of define variable
DefVatEntryNumber Define variable name
DefVectorVatName String element of Define vector variable
DefDimenUnit UOM for define
Vary Parameter Description

AbsPerturbSize Absolute perturbation size (not used so far)
RelPerturbSize Relative perturbation size (not used so far)
PerturbFactor Perturbation factor (not used so far)
MaxStepSize Maximum step size (not used so far)
MaxValueCalc Maximum value of range for variation
MinValueCalc Minimum value of range for variation
MinMaxFlag 0=not mini/maxi, 1=mini, 2=maxi, 3=mini and maxi
OriginUnitType PRO/II unit code for origin unit
VarUnitType PRO/II unit code for unit to which variable belongs
Basis for variable (1=mol basis, 2=wt. basis, 3=liq. vol. basis,
VarBasisFlag
4=gas vol. basis)
VarColumnTrayNumber Column tray number for variable
SIM4ME 155
Parameter class for variable (0=undefined, 1=stream related,

VarParameterClass 2=total feed to unit, 3=column tray internal flow, 4=unit op,
5=unit op spec, 6=constant value, 7=thermo, 8=reacton, 9=tag)
Stream property for variable (201-temperature, 202-pressure,
VarStreamProperty1
211-rate, 212-enthalpy, 225-liquidfrac, 219-vaporfraction)
Value type for variable (1=actual value, 2=fraction, 3=percent,
VarValueTypeFlag
VarVectorVatEntry Index of variable, if vector
VarWetDryBasisFlag Wet/Dry basis flag (1=wet, 2=dry)
TypeOfInfomation 1=spec, 2=define, 3=vary, 4=change,5=objective, 6=constraint
OriginUnitID Unit ID of unit of origin
VarInternalStreamID Stream ID of internal stream
VarStreamID Stream ID for variable
VarUnitID Unit ID for variable
VarVatEntryNumber Variable name
VarVectorVatName String element of vector variable
VarDimenUnit UOM for variable
Flag to indicate whether it should be translated further (0 – no, 1
IsSupported
– yes)
There is no equivalent Dynsim model. Spec, Vary and Define used in PRO/II flowsheet is
ignored during translation to Dynsim.
Equivalent ROMeo Model – Flowsheet Customization
All Spec, Vary and Define given in a PRO/II flowsheet are translated into a single flowsheet
customization in ROMeo database where the variable(s) is either set as independent or dependent
or set up in an equation form.
PRO/II allows user to vary flowrates of recycle loop streams via controller. In ROMeo, it is
not possible to do this using customization because the recycle stream flow variable is a
dependent variable. This leads to a customization error during translation. User should modify
the translated flowsheet appropriately.
Parameters
RM holders has following parameters, which are used to facilitate the translation.
Parameter Description
IsFixFreeEqn 1-fix, 2- free, 3-equation

IsEqnRHSValue 0- string,1-value,2-both
IsTranslate 0-dont translate, 1- translate
IsValueFirst 0-string first, 1- value first
SIM4ME 156
IsCompSpec Flag to indicate whether it’s a component spec

FixValue Value for independent variable
EqnRHSValue RHS value of equation
FreeVarMax Upper bound for dependent variable
FreeVarMin Lower bound for dependent variable
DepAttrName Define variable name
DepUnitName Name of unit to which define variable belongs
EqnString Equation string
FreeVarAttrName Dependent variable name
FreeVarUnitName Name of unit to which dependent variable belongs
FixVarAttrName Independent variable name
FixVarUnitName Name of unit to which independent variable belongs
EqnStrUOMClass UOM class for equation string
EqnStrUOMUnit UOM unit for equation string
EqnValUOMClass UOM class for equation value
EqnValUOMUnit UOM unit for equation value
FixVarUOMClass UOM class for independent variable
FixVarUOMUnit UOM unit for independent variable
FreeVarUOMClass UOM class for dependent variable
FreeVarUOMUnit UOM unit for dependent variable
Equivalent Hysys Model – SetOp and Adjust
Introduction and Usage
HYSYS™ has two models that perform similar operations to the PRO/II SPEC, VARY, DEFINE
functionality namely, SetOp Unit and Adjust Unit.
SetOp Unit
The SetOp unit transfers information between flowsheet objects using a generalized form of:
SET <Target> AS <Multiplier> * <Source> + <Offset>
<Target> and <Source> can be attributes of a Unit Operation, Process stream, or Energy stream.
<Multiplier> and <Offset> are constant values.
Parameters - SetOp
TargetObject The name of the Target object.
TargetObjectType The type of the Target object e.g. EnergyStreamObject,
MaterialStreamObject, ExpanderOpObject etc.
TargetVarDescription Text string describing the attribute of both the Target and
Source objects. For example, Temperature, Power, and Duty.
Note that there is no equivalent for the Source object – the
TargetVarDescription applies to both.
SourceObject The name of the Source object.
SIM4ME 157
SourceObjectType The type of the Source object. For example,
EnergyStreamObject, MaterialStreamObject,
ExpanderOpObject.
Multiplier The value of the constant multiplier
Offset The value of the constant offset.
Adjust Unit
The Adjust unit performs the equivalent of a Controller in PRO/II. It can adjust an operating
parameter in the flowsheet to achieve a desired value for a specified calculated result.
Parameters - Adjust
AdjustedObject The name of the Adjusted object.
AdjustedObjectType The type of the Adjusted object. For example,
ExpanderOpObject.
AdjustedVarDescription Text string describing the attribute of the Adjusted object.
For example, Temperature, Power, Duty.
MinAdjustedVariable The minimum allowable value of the Adjusted variable (not
currently used)
MaxAdjustedVariable The maximum allowable value of the Adjusted variable (not
currently used)
MaxIterations Maximum number of iterations (not currently used)
StepSize Maximum allowable step size (not currently used)
The target specification can take two alternative forms:
<TargetVariable> = <Value> +/- <Tolerance>

Or
<TargetVariable> - <MatchingVariable> = <Offset> +/- <Tolerance>
Parameters - Target
TargetObject The name of the Target object
TargetObjectType The type of the Target object. For example,
ExpanderOpObject.
TargetVarDescription Text string describing the attribute of both the Target and
Matching objects. For example, Temperature, Power, and
Duty.
Note that there is no equivalent for the Matching object – the
TargetVarDescription applies to both.
NewSourceSelection Text variable which determines the form of the specification:
“User Supplied” for <TargetVariable> = <Value>
Otherwise for <TargetVariable> - <MatchingVariable> =
<Offset>
SIM4ME 158
MatchingObject The name of the Matching object
MatchingObjectType The type of the Matching object e.g. EnergyStreamObject,
MaterialStreamObject, ExpanderOpObject etc.
TargetVariable The target value when the specification is
<TargetVariable> = <Value>
MatchingOffset The offset value when the specification is
<TargetVariable> - <MatchingVariable> = <Offset>
Tolerance Absolute Tolerance
There is one to one correspondence between P2 and TL parameter and their names are same so,
its not repeated here. The exceptions are:
Def/Pri/Ref/VarVatEntryNumber is changed to Def/Pri/Ref/VarUnitAttrName in TL layer.

Def/Pri/Ref/VarDimenUnit is split into Def/Pri/Ref/VarUOMClass and
Def/Pri/Ref/VarUOMUnit in TL layer.
Limitations
PRO/II to ROMeo
At present, translator does not support the following:

• Spec/Vary of thermodynamic, reaction or tag data.
• Spec/Vary/Define from Calculator, Stream Calculator or Optimizer.
• VARYing of unit operation’s internal specifications in controller or MVC.
• Spec/Vary of Stream properties other than rate, composition (molar basis only),
temperature, pressure, specific enthalpy, liquid fraction and vapor fraction.
• Spec/Vary/Define of any PRO/II variable that does not have one to one correspondence
in target product (ROMeo).
HYSYS to PRO/II
At present, the translator does not support the following:

• Spec/Vary of thermodynamic, reaction or tag data
• Column.
SIM4ME 159
Splitter
This document describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO II Splitter translation to the
equivalent Dynsim, ROMeo and HYSYS™ model.
Base PRO/II Model
This model is used to mix multiple streams and split the total flow rate between them based on
the specifications.
The temperature and phase of the outlet streams of the splitter unit are determined by performing
an adiabatic flash calculation at the specified pressure, and with duty specification of zero. The
composition and phase distribution of each product stream will be identical. One feed stream or
mixtures of two or more feed streams are allowed.
For a Splitter unit having M number of declared products, (M – 1) product specifications are
required. This properly implies the Splitter requires a minimum of two product streams, and
every product stream except for one must have a product specification
Parameters

PressCalc kPa This variable is similar to TempCalc and should be identical to
the pressure of the MergedProduct stream. It may be different
from the PressIn parameter, which is set by the user and is not
changed by the unit calculations. The PressCalc value is assumed
correct and consistent value. PressIn should not be used.
PressDropCalc kPa This is the calculated value of pressure drop across the Splitter.
See TempCalc and PressCalc
TempCalc K This is the temperature of the splitter product streams and should
be identical in value to that of the MergedProduct stream.
PRO/II uses this variable to make the product stream
temperatures available to other units through the spec/vary/define
subsystem. The value is set during the PRO/II flow sheet solve
PressInFlg Pressure specification flag. 1 – Pressure drop 0 – Outlet pressure
SIM4ME 160

MergedFeed The stream ID of the merged feed stream
MergedProduct The stream ID of the merged product stream. This is an internal
product stream that is used to set the Temperature, Pressure,
enthalpy and composition of all product streams
FeedData A vector containing the IDs of all of the feed streams. FeedData
does not contain specific data such as the temperature, pressure,
or composition of the individual streams, only the ID of the
stream. In PRO/II the ID can be used to retrieve the stream data
block which contains a complete description of the stream
ProductData A vector containing the IDs of all the product streams. See
FeedData
Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models: Header
The Header is a pressure node that can be used to model flow mixing, flow splitting, and piping
holdup dynamics.
Header includes both COMPRESSIBLE and INCOMPRESSIBLE options for holdup dynamics.
The INCOMPRESSIBLE dynamics option is the default and can be used for either vapor, liquid
or two-phase fluids.
The explicit solution option is used for large volume compressible systems and for decoupling
large incompressible pressure flow networks.
Parameters
Header
Vol m3 Header volume
Area m2 Header surface area
Mm kg Header metal mass
Header
Z [0]...........Z [i]
FLASH.Z [0]...FLASH.Z [i]
H & FLASH.H kJ/kg-mol Enthalpy
P & FLASH.P kPa Pressure
T & FLASH.T K Temperature
SIM4ME 161

Equivalent ROMeo Model / Models: Mixer/Valve - Splitter
The Splitter unit models the division of a single feed stream into two or more product streams.
The principal operating specification for the Splitter unit is the portion of the feed stream that
exits the unit in each product stream. This specification may be given in relative terms (fraction
of feed leaving in each product stream) or in absolute terms (flowrate in each product stream).
The Splitter unit operation models the splitting of a feed stream into two or more product streams.
The temperature, pressure, and composition of the product streams are identical to those of the
feed stream.
The Splitter model allows multiple product streams but is restricted to a single feed stream.
You must specify one of the product streams as the “dependent” stream. ROMeo automatically
adjusts the flowrate of the dependent stream so that the summed flow rates of the activated (ON)
product streams equal the flowrate of the feed stream. The independent (non-dependent)
flowrates or fractions will be fixed at the values you enter. If the sum of the independent
flowrates exceeds the feed rate, a warning will be issued during Generate Estimates, and the
flowrate of the dependent stream will be initialized to a small positive value. If, at convergence,
any product stream has a negative rate, the Splitter will return an error when you Check Solution
Validity.
The Splitter model is independent of the number of phases in the feed stream and may thus be
used with VLE or VLLE systems.
Splitter model allows multiple product streams but is restricted to a single feed stream. A Mixer is
added at the inlet when multiple feed streams are encountered in PRO/II Splitter.
There are no pressure specifications in the Splitter model. A Valve is added at the inlet to account
for pressure imbalance arising due to pressure specification in PRO/II splitter.
SIM4ME 162
Equivalent HYSYS Model: Tee
HYSYS™ equivalent for Splitter is Tee. This operation splits one feed stream into multiple
product streams with the same conditions and compositions as the feedstream. Flow Ratio is
generally between 0 and 1. If a ratio greater than one is specified, then one of the outlet streams
will have a negative flow-ratio and negative flow (backflow). Split-Ratio is usually given in the
Splitter flowsheets.
Parameters

FLOATARRAY:OFTFR ALIAS LONG OutFlowToFlowRatio: splitRatio
x_ProductStream.OutFlowToFlo
wRatio.Valu
FLOATARRAY:IsNormal Float Check to see if normal
ALIAS
x_ProductStream.Stream.Tagged
Name.NormalizationStatus
FeedStreams ALIAS String Feed Streams
x_FeedStream.Stream.TaggedNa Array
me
ProductStreams ALIAS String Product Streams
x_ProductStream.Stream.Tagged Array
Name
STRING:FluidPkg ALIAS String Fluid Package
FluidPackage.FluidPackage
Units of Measure
Parameters

LiquidFraction fraction Liquid fraction
Liquid2Fraction fraction Water Fraction
PresDropCalc kPa Pressure drop
ResidenceTime sec Residence time for volume calculations
SpecificEnthalpy kJ/kg Specific enthalpy
Temperature K Temperature
TotalMoles mol Total moles
Volume m3 Volume
SIM4ME 163

CompMoleFraction fraction Vector holding the mole fractions of each component
CompMolesState mol Vector holding the moles of each of the component
LiquidComposition Vector holding the Liquid Composition
Liquid2Composition Vector holding the Liquid2 Composition
VaporComposition Vector holding the Vapor composition
IsMixer Flag to indicate PRO/II unit from which Header is mapped. 1-
Mapped from Mixer 0 – Mapped from Splitter
NumOfFeeds The number of feed streams currently attached to the unit
NumOfProds The number of product streams currently attached to the unit
PresChoice Pressure specification flag. 1 – Pressure drop 0 – Outlet
pressure
FeedStreams A vector containing the IDs of all the feed streams.
ProdStreams A vector containing the IDs of all the product streams.
The Splitter in PRO/II is translated to Header in TLLayer. Volume, total moles, and individual
component moles characterize the TLHeader. These parameters are calculated as follows:
Volume = ResidenceTime ⋅ Merged Pr oduct.TotalMolarFlow / Merged Pr oduct.BulkDensity

TotalMoles = Volume ⋅ Merged Pr oduct.BulkDensity
CompMolesState[i ] = TotalMoles ⋅ Merged Pr oduct.CompMoleFraction[i ]
When TLHeader is translated to DS header additional parameters such as area of heat transfer and
metal mass should be calculated. The DSHeader parameters are calculated as follows:
4 ⋅ Volume
Diameter = 3
H / D Ratio ⋅ π
Metal Mass = π ⋅ Diameter ⋅ Thickness ⋅ Height ⋅ MolarDensity
( Density = 7760kg / m 3 )
SIM4ME 164
Stream
This section describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II Stream translation to
Dynsim and ROMeo Stream.
Base PRO/II Model
The streams in PRO/II can contain any number of components and can exist in mixed phases. It
is used to establish connectivity between the unit operation modules. The feed stream sets the
composition and thermal condition that will be used by the unit operation module for calculation.
Similarly, the unit operation usually sets the composition and condition of its outlet streams after
the calculation is completed.
There are other classes of streams such as MergedFeed and MergedProduct streams. These are
used by the unit operation modules for internal calculations. MergedFeed stream holds the flash
results of mixed inlet streams. MergedProduct stream holds the properties of the stream at the
outlet condition of the unit operation module prior to phase separation (if any).
Parameters

kg-
TotalMolarRate Molar flow rate
mol/hr
kJ/kg-
TotalMolarEnthalpy Molar enthalpy
mol
LiquidFraction fraction Liquid fraction
Liquid2Fraction fraction Second liquid phase fraction
WaterFraction fraction Water fraction
BulkMw Molecular weight
BulkDensity kg/m3 Mass Density
BulkEntropy Entropy
VaporZFmDensity Vapor compressibility factor
TotalComposition fraction Vector holding stream mixed composition
VaporComposition fraction Vector holding stream vapor composition
LiquidComposition fraction Vector holding stream liquid composition
Vector holding composition of second
Liquid2Composition fraction
liquid phase
SIM4ME 165
Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models - Stream
Process stream is used to connect equipment models. The streams support for reverse flow,
reduces model complexity and overhead by using mixed property and enthalpy basis, includes
density and molecular weight to pass to downstream flow devices.

F kg-mol Molar flow
T K Temperature
P kPa Pressure
H kJ/kg-mol Enthalpy
Z fraction Specific composition
MW Molecular weight
VF fraction Vapor fraction
3
R kg-mol/m Molar density
Equivalent ROMeo Model / Models – Stream
Stream is used to connect unit operation modules. It can be used for including objective
functions, adding value equations, selecting properties for viewing in the Report etc.
Parameters

Temp K Temperature
Pres kPa Pressure
MoleFrac fraction Composition
PhaseFrac fraction Phase fraction
Array for holding the stream properties (Enthalpy,
Prop
Density etc)
Array for holding the stream flows (mass, molar,
Flow
volumetric etc)
EnableStreamEcon Integer parameter to select stream economics
Integer array to indicate the presence of phase in the
stream.
• -1 – phase must not present
Equil.PhasePresence
• 0 – phase may be present
• 1 – phase must be present
SIM4ME 166
Parameter UOMDescription
Array holding the stream property domain (Enth,
~Props
Dens etc)
~Flows Array holding the flow domain (Mass, Vol etc)
~DOMAIN_MoleFrac Mole fraction is defined over this domain.
~DOMAIN_PhaseFrac Phase fraction is defined over this domain
~DOMAIN_Prop Stream properties are defined over this domain
~DOMAIN_Flow Stream flows are defined over this domain
Equil.~DOMAIN_PhasePresence Phase presensce is defined over this domain
Liq.~DOMAIN_MoleFrac Liquid mole fraction is defined over this domain
Vap.~DOMAIN_MoleFrac Vapor mole fraction is defined over this domain
Second Liquid phase mole fraction is defined over
Liq2.~DOMAIN_MoleFrac this domain (dynamically created only if phase
exists)
Liquid phase composition (dynamically created
Liq.MoleFrac fraction
only if phase exists)
Second liquid phase composition (dynamically
Liq2.MoleFrac fraction
created only if phase exists)
Vapor phase composition (dynamically created only
Vap.MoleFrac fraction
if phase exists)
Note: All properties prefixed by tilds (~) are not ROMeo properties. These are used by
RMAccess to set properties in ROMeo database.
Common Data Base Structure – Stream
Parameters

MolarFlow kg-mol/sec Molar flow
SpecificEnthalpy kJ/kg-mol Specific enthalpy
Vapor fraction fraction Vapor fraction
Liquid Fraction fraction Liquid fraction
Liquid2Fraction fraction Second liquid phase fraction
MW Molecular weight
SpecificEntropy Specific entropy
MolarDensity kg-mol/m3 Molar density
VaporZFmDensity Vapor compressibility factor
CompMoleFraction fraction Overall composition
VaporComposition fraction Vapor phase composition
LiquidComposition fraction Liquid phase composition
SIM4ME 167

Liquid2Composition fraction Second liquid phase composition
MassDensity
MolarDensity =
MW
SIM4ME 168
Stream Calculator
This section describes the scope and various scenarios of a HYSYS™ Component Splitter
translation to a PRO/II Stream Calculator.
Base PRO/II Model – Stream Calculator
The stream calculator is a flexible unit that allows blending of any number of feed streams and
produce top and bottom product with defined composition and thermal condition. The product
streams can be further split into individual phases as in a Flash unit operation. A pseudo product
can also be created which does not affect the material and energy balance of the unit.
Parameters

streams. FeedData does not contain specific
data such as the temperature, pressure, or
FeedData composition of the individual streams, only the
ID of the stream. In PRO/II the ID can be used
to retrieve the stream data block which
contains a complete description of the stream
ProductData
product streams. See FeedData
A vector of fraction which determines the
OvhdRecov Fraction amount of feed going into the Overhead
product stream.
Overhead stream pressure. It may be different
than the OvhdPressIn parameter, which is set
OvhdPress kPa
by the user and is not changed by the unit
calculations
than the OvhdTempIn parameter, which is set
OvhdTemp K
calculations
than the BtmsPressIn parameter, which is set
BtmsPress kPa
calculations
than the BtmsTempIn parameter, which is set
BtmsTemp K
calculations
SIM4ME 169
Equivalent HYSYS Model: Component Splitter
HYSYS™ Component Splitter is a utility model to separate top and bottom products based on
user specified split fraction. Any number of feed and overhead product streams can be connected
to this unit. The user defines the product splits of each of the overhead product and thermal
condition of the overhead product stream by setting appropriate inputs for Pressure-Temperature
(PT), Pressure-Enthalpy (PH) or Pressure-VF flashes.
Parameters

FeedStreams ALIAS
The array of feed streams currently attached to
x_FeedStream. None
the unit
AttachmentName
OverheadProduct ALIAS
The array of overhead product streams currently
x_OverHeadStream.Stream. None
TaggedName
BottomProduct ALIAS
BottomsStream.Stream. kPa Bottom product stream
TaggedName
SplitFractionValSet ALIAS Array of array of split fraction. It holds the values
x_SplitFractionSet.x_SplitFraction of split fraction of each overhead stream for each
.FractionToOverhead of the components
ProII Valve Parameters TL Parameter HYSYS Parameters

FeedData FeedStreams FeedStreams ALIAS x_FeedStream.AttachmentName
OverheadProduct ALIAS
x_OverHeadStream.Stream.TaggedName
BottomProduct ALIAS
ProductData ProdStreams BottomsStream.Stream.TaggedName
SplitFractionValSet ALIAS
OvhdRecov RecoveryFraction x_SplitFractionSet.x_SplitFraction.FractionToOverhead
BtmsTemp BottomTemperature
BtmsPress BottomPressure
OvhdTemp OverheadTemperature
OvhdPress OVerheadPressure
SIM4ME 170
Valve
This section describes the scope and various scenarios of the PRO/II Valve translation to the
Dynsim and ROMeoValve and HYSYS™ Valve and Relief Valve to a PRO/II Valve.
Base PRO/II Model
The valve unit operates in a similar manner to an adiabatic flash. The outlet pressure, or the
pressure drop across the valve is specified, and the temperature of the outlet streams is computed
for a total duty specification of 0. The outlet product stream may be split into separate phases.
Both VLE and VLLE calculations are allowed for the valve unit. One or more feed streams are
allowed for this unit operation.
Units of Measure
Internal Units of Measure for the Dynsim are mostly in SI units and the deviations are consistent
across PRO/II and Dynsim
Parameters

CurrentProducts
unit
internal feed stream that is used to set the mixed feed
MergedFeed
stream Temperature, Pressure, enthalpy and composition
of all feed streams
FeedData
streams, only the ID of the stream. In PRO/II the ID can
SIM4ME 171

be used to retrieve the stream data block which contains a
ProductData
See FeedData
This is the temperature of the Valve product streams and
TempCalc K
PRO/II flowsheet solve
This variable is similar to TempCalc and should be
identical to the pressure of the MergedProduct stream. It
may be different than the PressIn parameter, which is set
PressCalc kPa
by the user and is not changed by the unit calculations.
PressCalc should be assumed to be a correct and
consistent value. PressIn should not be used.
This is the calculated value of pressure drop across the
PressDropCalc kPa
Valve. See TempCalc and PressCalc
This integer indicates the spec provided by user. For
PressInFlg pressure spec its value is “0” and for pressure drop spec its
value is “1”
Vector that stores information about the product stream
ProductStoreData
phases
Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models – Header - Valve – Drum
The valve is a flow device in Dynsim and it will accept only single inlet and single outlet. The
flow rate of the valve is calculated using the Cv. Valve also had an optional flash flag, which will
flash the product and recalculate the properties.
Parameters

Cv Cv Flow conductivity
SIM4ME 172
J (kg/sec)/sqrt(kPa-kg/ m3) Volume
OP fraction Valve opening
POS fraction Valve stem position
DP kPa Pressure drop
L fraction Normalized valve lift
Equivalent ROMeo Model: Valve
The ROMeo Valve unit operation models the adiabatic pressure drop of a fluid through a single-
input, single-output valve.
If a mixed phase product stream is required, a Flash unit operation must be included downstream
to model for separation of the phases.
Specifications:
• Outlet pressure, or
• Pressure drop across the valve, or
• An empirical correlation that relates valve stem position, feed (and sometimes product)
conditions (e.g. flow rate, temperature, molecular weight, density) to the pressure drop, or
• An empirical correlation with Pressure Drop
One of the following correlations is available for calculation purpose.

• Fisher Liquid Valve
• Generic Rate Correlation
• Honeywell Gas Valve
• Simple Valve Gain
• Valve Gain
For initialization, the Valve unit copies the values from the feed stream to the product stream,
taking into account the change in pressure. If the individual phase compositions of the product
stream are required, ROMeo performs a black box adiabatic flash of the product stream.
Parameters

v_Pres kPa Pressure of the product stream leaving the mixer
v_PresDrop kPa Pressure drop in product stream with respect to a feed stream
Integer for choice of providing specification. The value is “0” if
user enters Pres; “1” if user enters Pressure Drop; “2” if user
PresChoice
enters correlation and “3” if user enters Pressure Drop with
Correlation
String Parameter to provide Warning/Info/Error for negative DP;
NegativeDPAction
Default: Warning
DPCorrelationName String for user selected correlation
SIM4ME 173
Equivalent HYSYS Model: Valve
HYSYS™ performs an isenthalpic flash on the fluid passing through a single-input, single-output
valve.
HYSYS™ solver is based on Number of degrees of Freedom. Hence, it can calculate an unknown
based on the known. The following three variables need to be specified in HYSYS™ for the
valve to solve:
• Outlet Pressure
• Pressure drop across the valve
• Outlet Temperature
Parameters

FeedStreams ALIAS
The array of feed streams currently
x_FeedStream.
AttachmentName
ProdStreams ALIAS
The array of product streams currently
x_ProductStream.
AttachmentName
Feed ALIAS FeedStream. The stream ID feed stream. Since
AttachmentName HYSYS Valve is a SISO Unit
Prod ALIAS
The stream ID feed stream. Since
ProductStream.
HYSYS Valve is a SISO Unit
AttachmentName
PressureDrop kPa Pressure Drop across the valve.
Common Data Base Structure – Valve
Parameters

feed stream that is used to set the mixed feed stream
Temperature, Pressure, enthalpy and composition of all feed
FeedStreams streams.
internal product stream that is used to set the Temperature,
ProdStreams Pressure, enthalpy and composition of all product streams.
Temperature K Exit temperature.
Pressure kPa Pressure of the product stream leaving the valve.
SIM4ME 174

PressureDrop kPa Pressure drop in product stream.
OP fraction Valve opening.
Cv Cv Valve Cv.
PresChoice Specification flag. 0 – Outlet Pressure 1 – Pressure drop.
P2PressureDrop kPa Pressure drop across PRO/II valve.
ProductStoreData Vector that stores information about the product stream phases
Flag to indicate zero pressure drop. LowPDFlag =1 for
LowPDFlag PressureDrop < 0.00001kPa, 0 otherwise.
Parameter to store the value of square root of pressure drop
SqrtDP used in valve Cv calculations.
Flow Molar flow across valve.
Equivalent HYSYS Model: Valve and Relief Valve
Introduction and Usage of the Model - Valve
HYSYS™ performs an isenthalpic flash on the fluid passing through a single-input, single-output
valve.
HYSYS™ solver is based on Number of degrees of Freedom. Hence, it can calculate an unknown
based on the known. The following three variables need to be specified in HYSYS™ for the
valve to solve:
• Outlet Pressure
• Pressure drop across the valve
• Outlet Temperature
Parameters - Valve

FeedStreams ALIAS
The array of feed streams currently
x_FeedStream.
AttachmentName
ProdStreams ALIAS
The array of product streams currently
x_ProductStream.
AttachmentName
Feed ALIAS FeedStream. The stream ID feed stream. Since
AttachmentName HYSYS Valve is a SISO Unit
Prod ALIAS
The stream ID feed stream. Since
ProductStream.
HYSYS Valve is a SISO Unit
AttachmentName
PressureDrop kPa Pressure Drop across the valve.
SIM4ME 175
Common Data Base Structure – Valve
Parameters

feed stream that is used to set the mixed feed stream
Temperature, Pressure, enthalpy and composition of all feed
FeedStreams streams.
internal product stream that is used to set the Temperature,
ProdStreams Pressure, enthalpy and composition of all product streams.
Temperature K Exit temperature.
Pressure kPa Pressure of the product stream leaving the valve.
PressureDrop kPa Pressure drop in product stream.
OP fraction Valve opening.
Cv Cv Valve Cv.
PresChoice Specification flag. 0 – Outlet Pressure 1 – Pressure drop.
P2PressureDrop kPa Pressure drop across PRO/II valve.
ProductStoreData Vector that stores information about the product stream phases
Flag to indicate zero pressure drop. LowPDFlag =1 for
LowPDFlag PressureDrop < 0.00001kPa, 0 otherwise.
Parameter to store the value of square root of pressure drop
SqrtDP used in valve Cv calculations.
Flow Molar flow across valve.
Introduction of the Model – HYSYS™ Relief Valve
HYSYS™ Relief valve is used to release pressure caused by a pressure buildup scenario. Relief
valve starts opening if the pressure in the process equals “Set pressure” of the relief valve. It
opens completely when the pressure reaches “Full Open pressure”.
A relief valve can be configured by defining following two parameters;

• Set Pressure: Pressure where relief valve starts opening
• Full Open Pressure: Pressure where relief valve opens completely.
Parameters – Relief Valve

FluidPkg STRING Fluid Package
ValveLift LONG Valve position (open or closed)
SIM4ME 176
Common Data Base Structure – Relief Valve
Parameters
ProII Valve Parameters TL valve Parameter HYSYS Relief Valve Parameters

MergedProduct
MergedFeed
FeedStreams ALIAS
FeedData FeedStreams x_FeedStream.AttachmentName
ProdStreams ALIAS
ProductData ProdStreams x_ProductStream.AttachmentName
TempCalc Temperature
PressCalc Pressure
PressDropCalc PressureDrop
OP
Cv
ValveLift
The following calculations are made from Valve translation from PRO/II to TL layer
Valve Cv
F ⋅ MW
Cv =
0.00075379 ⋅ Op ⋅ DP ⋅ R
Valve J
J = 0.00075379 ⋅ Op * Cv
SIM4ME 177
Validation
Validation of the unit operations and flow sheet is performed at various stages to ensure that the
translated flow sheet adheres to the Dynsim rules.
Feed Validation
The feed validation is performed at unit operation level in TL Layer. In PRO/II most of the unit
operations can take multiple input streams. In Dynsim, only the pressure-nodes can take multiple
input streams while the flow devices like Valve, Expander etc can take only single input stream.
Whenever a PRO/II unit operation translates to a flow device in Dynsim, Feed Validation is
performed. If there is more than one feed stream a Header is inserted at the upstream, which will
account for flow mixing and the resultant mixed product stream is fed to the flow device. The
process condition of the inserted Header is updated from the MergedFeed stream of the unit
operation module translated.
For details of the sizing calculations of the inserted Header, refer to Mixer translation.
Product Validation
The product validation is performed at unit operation level in TL Layer. PRO/II allows phase
separation for most of the unit operation modules. In Dynsim only Drum and Separator allows
phase separation. Whenever a PRO/II unit operation translates to a flow device in Dynsim,
Product Validation is performed. When there is more than one product stream a Drum is inserted
at the downstream, which will account for phase separation. The process conditions of the
inserted Drum are updated from MergedProduct stream, of the unit operation module translated.
For details of the sizing calculations of the inserted Drum, refer to Flash translation.
Global Validation - Dynsim

Global validation is performed at the flow sheet level during TL layer to Dynsim layer
translation. This validation is performed to ensure that the translated flow sheet adheres to the
Dynsim rules. In Dynsim, any two pressure-nodes should be separated by a flow device. When
such a situation is encountered, a Valve or a StreamSet will be inserted between the two pressure
nodes.
A valve is inserted when the upstream node pressure is more than or equal to the downstream
node pressure. The Valve will be sized for a pressure drop of 10kPa and 60% opening. The
process conditions of the Valve will be updated based on the upstream conditions. For details
about the sizing calculations, please refer to Valve translation.
A StreamSet is inserted when the upstream node pressure is less than the downstream node
pressure. A boundary flow will be set in StreamSet to ensure continuous flow despite negative
head. These situations arise due to specifications in PRO/II flow sheet, resulting in non-adherence
to the pressure-flow concept of Dynsim. When this kind of situation arises, the user may have to
modify the PRO/II flow sheet
A new stream will be created and attached to the downstream of the Valve/ StreamSet and its
process conditions are updated from the upstream.
SIM4ME 178
Pressure Imbalance
Pressure Imbalances are handled at the unit operation level during TL layer to Dynsim layer
translation.
Pressure Imbalance – Positive Pressure
When there are multiple feed streams to a PRO/II unit operation module, the MergedFeed
pressure is set as minimum of the inlet stream pressures.
When positive pressure drop is set across PRO/II Flash, Mixer or Splitter, the unit pressure will
be set to minimum of inlet stream pressure minus the pressure drop.
Flow sheets consisting of these kinds of specifications when translated can result in steady state
results of PRO/II not matching with that of Dynsim. Whenever such pressure imbalances are
encountered, a valve will be inserted. The inserted valve will be sized for a pressure drop based
on the magnitude of imbalance. For details about Valve sizing calculations, refer to valve
translation.
Pressure Imbalance – Negative Pressure
When specifications like negative pressure drop is set across unit operations like Valve, Flash etc,
it cannot be directly handled by Dynsim as this does not adhere to the pressure-flow concept.
Whenever negative pressure drop is encountered, a StreamSet will be inserted with a boundary
flow.
SIM4ME 179
SIM4ME 180

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Introduction and Overview on Translators

Lets consider modeling a process valve as illustrated below:

Source: I&CS Magazine, April 1999, PennWell Publishing

The process of translation occurs in two stages:

• PRO/II to Common Data Model

Consider the resulting Dynsim flow sheet:

Rules for Equipment Additions

In the “Common Data Model”

• All streams will be connected at both ends to equipment.

Now moving to the Dynsim flow sheet, this software requires

• All pressure node devices must be separated by a flow device

Supported Equipment Models and Thermodynamics

The functionalities included in this integration are listed below.

• Air Cooler • Pipe

2. Refrigeration loop – Effect on refrigeration loop of losing auxiliary cooling duty.

3. Compressor train – Selection of compressors for transportation of gas stream by a

1. Crude oil distillation – Atmospheric distillation of crude oil.

2. Stabilizer – Wild naphtha stream stabilization column.

1. C3 Splitter – Propane/propylene splitter.

2. C2 Splitter – Ethane/Ethylene splitter.

3. BTX Separation – Benzene, Tolune and Xylene separator.

2. Refrigeration loop – Effect on refrigeration loop of losing auxiliary cooling duty.

3. Compressor train – Selection of compressors for transportation of gas stream by a

1. C3 Splitter – Propane/propylene splitter

2. C2 Splitter – Ethane/Ethylene splitter (Check the customization block).

2. Refrigeration loop – Effect on refrigeration loop of losing auxiliary cooling duty.

3. Compressor train – Selection of compressors for transportation of gas stream by a

1. C3 Splitter – Propane/propylene splitter.

2. C2 Splitter – Ethane/Ethylene splitter.

3. BTX Separation – Benzene, Tolune and Xylene separator.

Base PRO/II Model – Utility Exchanger

Introduction and Usage of the Model

Utility HX Parameter UOM Description

Equivalent Hysys Model – Air Cooler

Introduction of the Model

• Exit stream Temperature

Parameter/Variable Type Description

Common Data Base Structure

ProII Simple HX TL Utility Exchanger

Base PRO/II Model

Introduction and Usage of the Model

Parameter UOM Description

Parameter UOM Description

Parameter UOM Description

Parameter UOM Description

Equivalent Dynsim Model / Models

Introduction and Usage of the Model(s)

Static Parameters - Column

Parameter UOM Description

Parameter UOM Description

State Parameters - Column

Parameter UOM Description

Parameter UOM Description

Equivalent ROMeo Model / Models

Introduction and Usage of the Model(s)

Parameter UOM Description

Equivalent HYSYS Model: Column - Trayed Section/Condensor/Reboiler

Introduction and Usage of the Model(s)

ColumnSubFS Parameter UOM Description

ColumnSubFS Parameter UOM Description