Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Capitulo 5 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Alejandro Avello Fernández
    8 views34 pages

    Original Title

    Capitulo 5.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    8 views34 pages

    Capitulo 5 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Alejandro Avello Fernández

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 34
    = GRAVITY FLOW IN LARGE SCALE BLOCK OR PANEL CAVING 5.1 ntroduction Many of the publications dealing with block and panel caving deal with complex and intricate theories but do not necessarily address the most important part of mining, namely the miners and the mining technicians. These represent the main productive team for the mining operation. Often stich publications consider approaches that are obscure and detached from application to the real underground world. It is felt that publications need to provide concise descriptions and approaches to address day-to-day issues. In this section the approach will be to try and address such issues. 5.2 Typical Layouts Many publications about panel caving deal with questions of cavability and the mining infrastructure which is below the bottom of the panel or the block. A very simplified schematic of the mining structures below a panel cave is shown in Figure 5.2-la, b, ¢, and d, A plan view of the undercut level is shown in Figure 5.2-1a and a plan view of the extraction level is presented in Figure 5.2-1b. Figure 5.2-1¢ presents a composite plan view of the undercut, extraction, and haulage levels while a schematic vertical section showing the undercut level, extraction or production level, and the underlying haulage level is included in Figure 5.2-Id. The simplest undercut level layout (shown in Figure 5.2-1a) consists of parallel drifis. They are located in such a way with respect to the underlying structures to facilitate the drilling and blasting for undercut fragmentation, Figure 5.2-1 Ww & Gravity flow in sublevel and panel caving The production level can have different configurations based on the type of mining equipment Generally, two configurations are used. Their principles are shown in Figure 5.2-2a and b. Fig 5.2-2a represents the “herringbone” pattern, while Figure 5.2-2b shows a linear pattem which wa developed at Codelco’s El Teniente Mine in Chile. b) fect) i ma le TV. e ie Ail it Ah le ip (LG & y LE Fir Wi Figure 5.2-2 any factors as well as on We will not evaluate which configuration is better because it depends on the local conditions form For pleteness, the upper part of Figure 5.2-3 is a schematic showing the draw point drifts, the A linear geometry for the extraction level is shown in Figure 5.2-3. This figure shows a simple of extraction bell and the draw points at their locations along the draw point dri extraction bells and the extraction drifis. 2e——j ORANDOINT EXTRACTION DRIFTS” Figure 5.2-3 Transfer of the mined ore to the haulage level is provided by an ore pass equipped with secondary fragmentation capabilities, Naturally, the complete mining system contains ventilation passes, Jency escape Ways, and pumping facilities. emer $3 Extraction Bells \ schematic of the extraction bells, each with two draw points, together with the structure of the draw point drifts and extraction drifis is shown in Figure 5.3-1. The section presented in Figure 5.3 2 presents the principal of gravity flow of fragmented ore when the extraction bell is very long (10 ‘or more meters). Because the draw points are far apart, the opposite gravity flow streams only influence each other at some height above the extraction zone. The two separate gravity flow zones are clearly visible in Model A of Figure 4.3-5. The configuration shown is not considered beneficial for the operation because it cannot eliminate obstructions (such as large boulders, arches, or cavities) occurring in the outflow zone of extraction bell 13 = = Figure 5.3-2 « situation can be improved when the length of the extraction bell is reduced. Model B of Figure > shows the function of'a short extraction bell. The gravity flow streams from the opposite draw wee are now in so close proximity that they connect almost immediately at the level of the This explains why the passive zone (P) in Model A is large and high while in Model ‘he passive zone is low and small 2 the different portant in note that Models A and B are exaggcrated for better understand nisms of extraction, ch dimension of the bell is a function of different factors. A trackless system, for example, \Ivina the use of large LHDs requires a large section draw point drifts (DD) and extraction drifts 5) for safe and fast operation. This requires that the width (W) of the drifts be about Sm with a ‘of about 4m. With this configuration, the width of the extraction bell should be proximately Sm or slightly larger.

    You might also like