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Abstract
The present research discusses the issue of "orality" versus "writing", a key issue
in investigating literature and culture – especially in connection with cultures which
have experienced a radical transformation from orality to writing. The research
focuses on al-Jaheth’s (Abu "Uthman" Amr bin Bahr, d. 255 A.H.) handling of
orality and the written culture, along with the various issues that pertain to these
two cultures, as may be noticed in several writings: Al-Bayan wa al-Tabyeen, al-
Hayawan, and Letters, to mention just three.
$O-DKHWK·V RUDO DIÀOLDWLRQ PD\ EH YLYLGO\ ZLWQHVVHG LQ FKDSWHUV ZKHUH KH
handles oration, for instance, here is revealed his awareness of the rules of oral
performance in its different manifestations: sound/rhythm, structural and semantic
DVSHFWV+HHYHQWDFNOHVFRPSOHPHQWDU\DQGÀQHWRROVWKDWHQKDQFHRUDOHIIHFWLYHQHVV
gestures, signs and nods; and instruments like sticks, bows and turbans. All such
supplementary tools and instruments are related to the origins, components and the
impact of orality. Al-Jaheth takes up quite a few concepts that pertain to orality and
its issues – he devotes whole sections to the tongue and the various issues related to
it; he takes up the subject of granting speech a higher rank than silence: these and
other similar issues discussed by Al-Jaheth are indeed worthy of the attention of
PRGHUQUHVHDUFKHUV²WKH\ZLOOÀQGULFKPDWHULDOLQKLVZULWLQJVIRUDQLQYHVWLJDWLRQ
of the orality-writing duality.
Al-Jaheth paid much attention to orality and its problems. He devoted whole
chapters to public speakers who were rendered speechless in the middle of their
speech. He took up issues of faltering, dumbfounded speakers and all aspects of
DSKDVLDVKHUHRQHÀQGVDGLVFXVVLRQRIWKHSUREOHPVRIRUDOLW\DQLQYHVWLJDWLRQRI
its rules and the circumstances under which the oral texts are produced – contrasting
this with writing and the written text. Likewise, al-Jaheth sheds light on the issues
of writing and books: issues like orthography and methods of authorship; editing
DQGSURRIUHDGLQJ%HVLGHVKHVWUHVVHVWKHEHQHÀFLDU\HIIHFWVRIWKHZULWWHQFXOWXUH
He contrasts the pen and the tongue in a way that reveals his understanding of both
types of culture and their ways, the interrelations between them, their relative part in
actual use, and the distinctive features of each type. All these last points are pointed
out in detail and discussed in the present research.
d¡;è.®)F)Jc)1$®)g`¡F/
±±±
The Author
Dr. Mohammad Obaidallah
- Ph.D. in Arabic language and literature, from the Jordan University, in 1998.
- An Associate Professor at the Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Philadelphia
University, Jordan.
- Currently, Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Philadelphia University.
Publications
A. Books:
- The Bow and the Longing: The Short Story in the New Horizon Magazine of Jerusalem. Ministry
of Culture. Ramallah, 2000.
- The Short Story in Palestine and Jordan; in the Series "Book of the Month". No. 23. Ministry of
Culture. Amman, 2002.
- Palestine in the Jordanian Short Story. Dar Azminah, in Collaboration with the High National
Commission, Amman: Capital of Arabic Culture, 2002.
- The Article as Art: Theoretical Elements, Applications, and Samples; in Collaboration with Prof.
Saleh Abu Isba’, Majdalawi Publishers. Amman, 2002.
- Rhetoric of Discourse: Readings in the Jordanian Short Story. Jordanian Ministry of Culture.
Amman, 2006.
- Structure of the Novella: The Novella in Jordan and Palestine. Dar Azminah for Publication and
Distribution. Amman, 2006.
- The Aesthetics of the Short Story: A Reading of Ilyas Farkouh Experience. Dar Azminah.
Amman, 2009.
- Features of the Literary Scene in Palestine and Jordan 1050-2000. Chapter on the short story.
Shoman Establishment and the Arabic Establishment for Study and Publication. 2009.
- Creative Work
- Stabbed with Absence: Poetry. Dar Aram. Amman, 1993.
- Mute Clouds: Poetry. Dar Majdalawi. Amman, 2005.
B. Articles:
- "Umru’u al-Qays in Modern Literature: Umru’u al-Qays bnu Hijr, a Play by Muhammad
Hassan Ala’a al-Deen", Journal of Literature, Constantine University, Faculty of Literature and
Languages, No. 6, 1424 A.H., 2003 C.E.
- "Ihsan Abbas’s Method in Criticizing Poetic Heritage", Philadelphia Papers, Philadelphia
University, Amman, 2005.
- "Woman in Pre-Islam Arabic Heritage", the Journal of Philology, Faculty of Languages. Ain
Shams University, Cairo. No. 2, XLIV. June, 2005.
- "Ancient Arabic Narration: Periphery to Center", the Arabic Journal of Humanities, Council of
Scientific Publication. Kuwait University.No 98, 2007.
- "Changes in Discourse in the Algerian Novel". the Journal of Semiotic Researches, Center for
Scientific and Technical Research for Developing the Arabic Language. Ministry of Higher
Education and Scientific Research. Algiers, No. 3-4, December 2007.
- "The Role of Language in the Distinction of a Discourse Text". the Journal of Philology, Faculty
of Languages, Ain Shams University, Cairo. No. 49/January, 2008.
- "Aspects of Narration Manipulations in the Arabic Narrative Heritage". the Journal of the
Faculty of Literature, Cairo University. Issue of July, 2010.
- "The Mythical Approach in Pre-Islamic Poetry: Dr. Nusrat Abdul-Rahman’s Experience". the
Journal of al-Basa’er, Petra University. Jordan, 2010.
¯¯°
Monogragh 399
(YHIZ»*VUZJPV\ZULZZVM
6YHSP[`HUK>YP[[LU*\S[\YL!
9LHKPUNZPU[OLHS1HOL[O»Z>YP[PUNZ
Dr. Mohammad Obaidallah

Faculty of Arts
Philadelphia University
Jordan
d¡;è.®)F)Jc)1$®)g`¡F/

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الوعي بالشفافية عند الجاحظ

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Dr. Mohammad Obaidallah

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