Report on poverty

Oral communication and presentation

Submitted to : Asim Javed

Submitted by : Muhammad faizan qureshi

Class : BBA-39(A)
Registration No : 5640-FMS/BBA/S19

Submission Date : 12-04-2020

Faculty of Management Sciences

International Islamic University Islamabad
 POVERTY
INTRODUCTION
Poverty is not having enough material possessions or income for a person's needs. Poverty may
include social, economic, and political elements.

Types of poverty
Absolute poverty is the complete lack of the means necessary to meet basic personal needs,
such as food, clothing and shelter. The threshold at which absolute poverty is defined is always
about the same, independent of the person's permanent location or era.

Relative poverty occurs when a person cannot meet a minimum level of living standards,
compared to others in the same time and place.

Poverty ratio in Pakistan .

At the end of two years of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) government, 18 million
more people may slip into abject poverty due to low economic growth and double-digit
food inflation, claimed Dr Hafiz A Pasha, the country’s renowned economist.

The national poverty ratio, which was 31.3% in June 2018, would sharply jump to over
40% by April 2020, said Pasha in an article that first appeared in Business Recorder.

In absolute terms, people living in poverty will increase from 69 million in June 2018
to 87 million by June 2020, indicating 26% increase in poverty or an addition of 18
million people in first two years of the PTI government.

As per Pasha’s claim, eight million people have already been added to the ranks of the
poor by the end of the first year of the PTI government. He has projected that 10
million more people will slip below the poverty line by the end of the current fiscal
year.
Disadvantages of poverty .
Some of the disadvantages of poverty are,

 not having enough to eat.

 not being able to buy quality food.
 not having a place to live that’s in good repair - being unable to afford
repairs or to get the landlord to make them.
 not being able to afford enough heat or air conditioning.
 having the electricity, water and phone services cut for inability to pay.
 not having a reliable car or not having any car.
 having a 2-hour commute each way to a low-paying job because that’s how
the buses run, when you’d get there in 20 minutes in a car.
 having to work multiple jobs to pay even the most basic living expenses.
 not being able to take time off work for a child’s play, sporting event, or
parent-teacher meeting because you’re paid by the hour with no paid personal
or vacation days
 having to pay child support when you can’t even afford a place to live
yourself, and being sent to prison if you can’t pay
 having your kids taken from you because you can’t provide a home for them
 having to live in dangerous foster homes (not all of them are bad, but so
many are) because you were taken away from your parents because they
couldn’t provide for you
 having all your neighbors know you’re getting welfare or food stamps
 having the kids at school know you’re getting subsidized lunches
 being unable to go on school field trips if they cost money
 being unable to join the scouts because you can’t afford the uniforms, the
dues or the badges
 being unable to play sports because you can’t afford to
 being unable to go to friends’ birthday parties because you can’t afford a gift
 being treated as not worthy of respect because your clothes are shabby and
your hair is unkempt, because you can’t afford new clothes, haircuts, etc.
 being told to get a job when you’re already working three of them
 being sneered at and looked down upon because you work at low-paid jobs
 getting a crappy K-12 education because you live in a poor school district,
where the residents can’t afford more taxes to improve their schools
 being expected to be grateful for any bit of charity given to you, even if it’s
crap or something you don’t want or need
 being looked down on because you need charity
 being unable to get a doctor’s appointment when you’re sick, because
doctors who take Medicaid are booked for months in advance
 being scolded by emergency room staff for going there when you’re sick
because you have nowhere else to go, and being refused any treatment other
than emergency treatment
  having to live in unsafe neighborhoods
 having to live in apartments infested with roaches and rats
 having to live in apartments with thin walls and neighbors who play loud
music at all hours or who have loud, frightening domestic disputes
 being so stressed by your poverty that you yell at the ones you love, or
maybe you even hit them. Or you drink or use drugs to escape from your
problems
 never being able to buy things others have; watching TV ads for things you
want and have no hope of ever getting
 being tempted to commit a crime just to get some kind of money, some way
 getting caught for committing a crime and sentenced to prison
 losing your place to live when you lose a job and have no savings, then
losing everything you own because you can’t afford to put it in storage, either
 feeling guilty every time you splurge a little one something nice for yourself
or your kids, because that haircut or that birthday gift means the electric bill
won’t get paid
 being unable to maintain friendships because, no, you can’t afford to meet
them for lunch, and no, you can’t afford to have them over for lunch or even
for coffee, and you can’t even have an equal phone conversation because
they’re talking about all the fun things they’re doing and you have nothing to
say other than how hard life is

Causes of poverty.
Primary causes of poverty are

 Unemployment
 Education
 Inflation
 Poor utilization of resources
 Poor government policy or poor governance
 Debt
 Corruption
 Extreme weather
 Lack of control in local food
 Lack of access to education
 Mental illness – lack of proper psychiatric care]
 World hunger
 Epidemic diseases
 Automation – Technological Unemployment
 Overpopulation
How to overcome poverty?
1. Create jobs

The best pathway out of poverty is a well-paying job. To get back to prerecession
employment levels, we must create 5.6 million new jobs. At the current pace, however,
we will not get there until July 2018. To kick-start job growth, the federal government
should invest in job-creation strategies such as rebuilding our infrastructure; developing
renewable energy sources; renovating abandoned housing; and making other common-
sense investments that create jobs, revitalize neighborhoods, and boost our national
economy. We should also build on proven models of subsidized employment to help the
long-term unemployed and other disadvantaged workers re-enter the labor force.

2. Raise the minimum wage

In the late 1960s, a full-time worker earning the minimum wage could lift a family of
three out of poverty. Had the minimum wage back then been indexed to inflation, it
would be $10.86 per hour today, compared to the current federal minimum wage of
$7.25 per hour. Raising the minimum wage to $10.10 per hour and indexing it to
inflation—as President Barack Obama and several members of Congress have called
for—would lift more than 4 million Americans out of poverty. Nearly one in five children
would see their parent get a raise. Recent action taken by cities and states—such as
Seattle, Washington; California; Connecticut; and New Jersey—shows that boosting the
minimum wage reduces poverty and increases wages.

3. Increase the Earned Income Tax Credit for childless workers

One of our nation’s most effective anti-poverty tools, the Earned Income Tax Credit, or
EITC, helped more than 6.5 million Americans—including 3.3 million children—avoid
poverty in 2012. It’s also an investment that pays long-term dividends. Children who
receive the EITC are more likely to graduate high school and to have higher earnings in
adulthood. Yet childless workers largely miss out on the benefit, as the maximum EITC
for these workers is less than one-tenth that awarded to workers with two children.

4. Support pay equity

With female full-time workers earning just 78 centsfor every $1 earned by men, action
must be taken to ensure equal pay for equal wOrk. losing the gender wage gap would
cut poverty in half for working women and their families and add nearly half a trillion
dollars to the nation’s gross domestic product. Passing the Paycheck Fairness Act to
hold employers accountable for discriminatory salary practices would be a key first step.

5. Provide paid leave and paid sick days

The United States is the only developed country in the world without paid family and
medical leave and paid sick days, making it very difficult for millions of American
families to balance work and family without having to sacrifice needed income. Paid
leave is an important anti-poverty policy, as having a child is one of the leading causes
of economic hardship. Additionally, nearly 4 in 10 private-sector workers—and 7 in 10
low-wage workers—do not have a single paid sick day, putting them in the impossible
position of having to forgo needed income, or even their job, in order to care for a sick
child. The Family and Medical Insurance Leave Act, or FAMILY Act, would provide paid
leave protection to workers who need to take time off due to their own illness, the illness
of a family member, or the birth of a child. And the Healthy Families Act would enable
workers to earn up to seven job-protected sick days per year.

6. Establish work schedules that work

Low-wage and hourly jobs increasingly come with unpredictable and constantly shifting
work schedules, which means workers struggle even more to balance erratic work
hours with caring for their families. Ever-changing work schedules make accessing child
care even more difficult than it already is and leave workers uncertain about their
monthly income. Furthermore, things many of us take for granted—such as scheduling
a doctor’s appointment or a parent-teacher conference at school—become herculean
tasks. The Schedules That Work Act would require two weeks’ advance notice of
worker schedules, which would allow employees to request needed schedule changes.
It would also protect them from retaliation for making such requests—and provide
guaranteed pay for cancelled or shortened shifts. These are all important first steps to
make balancing work and family possible.

7. Invest in affordable, high-quality child care and early education

The lack of affordable, high-quality child care serves as a major barrier to reaching the
middle class. In fact, one year of child care for an infant costs more than one year of
tuition at most states’ four-year public colleges. On average, poor families who pay out
of pocket for child care spend one-third of their incomes just to be able to work.
Furthermore, federal child care assistance reaches only one in six eligible children.

8. Expand Medicaid

Since it was signed into law in 2010, the Affordable Care Act has expanded access to
high-quality, affordable health coverage for millions of Americans. However, 23 states
continue to refuse to expand their Medicaid programs to cover adults up to 138 percent
of the federal poverty level—making the lives of many families on the brink much
harder. Expanding Medicaid would mean more than just access to health care—it would
free up limited household income for other basic needs such as paying rent and putting
food on the table. Having health coverage is also an important buffer against the
economic consequences of illness and injury; unpaid medical bills are the leading cause
of bankruptcy. Studies link Medicaid coverage not only to improved health, improved
access to health care services, and lower mortality rates, but also to reduced financial
strain.
9. Reform the criminal justice system and enact policies that support successful
re-entry

The United States incarcerates more of its citizens than any other country in the world.
Today, more than 1.5 million Americans are behind bars in state and federal prisons, a
figure that has increased fivefold since 1980. The impact on communities of color is
particularly staggering: One in four African American children who grew up during this
era of mass incarceration have had a parent incarcerated.

10. Do no harm

The across-the-board spending cuts known as sequestration—which took effect in 2013

—slashed funding for programs and services that provide vital support to low-income
families. Sequestration cost the U.S. economy as many as 1.6 million jobs between
mid-2013 and 2014. Some relief was provided this January, when Congress passed
the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2014 but many important tools to help low-
income individuals and families pave a path to the middle class—such as adult and
youth education and training programs, child welfare, and community development
programs—were on a downward funding trend even before sequestration took effect.

Quote about poverty .

Poverty is not an accident like slavery it is man made and can be removed by
the action of human beings .