 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
1‫א‬‫א‬
103
   1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
   103  ‫א‬


 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬         ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬


‫א‬ ?‫א‬?? 1‫א‬ ‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
   103  ‫א‬


 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E1‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

1‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

1
 ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪80
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K4

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




-1-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F 1-1
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 Linear measurements  K1
Angular measurements‫א‬ K2

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KHorizontal measurement‫א‬‫א‬ K
KVertical measurement‫א‬‫א‬ K
KSlope measurement ‫א‬‫א‬ K

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KHorizontal Angle ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KVertical Angle‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬














-2-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 KUnits of measurement‫א‬‫א‬21
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 KMetric system ( SI – units ) WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
KEnglish system ‫א‬‫א‬ 2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬


 KUnits of length measurements ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬121

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1121
‫א‬‫א‬EmFEMetreF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

EFMicrometre µm 10 ‫ ــ‬6 m =
1
1000000
 EFMillimetre mm 1
 10 ‫ ــ‬3 m =
1000
 EFCentimetre cm 1
 10 ‫ ــ‬2 m =
100
 EFKilometre km  10 3 m = 1000
 
 1 mm = 1000 µ m
 1 cm = 10 mm
 1 m = 100 cm
 1 km = 1000 m

-3-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



 ‫؟‬mm K1.97 m ‫א‬W1J 1
 W‫א‬
 1.97m × 100 × 10 = 1970 mm
 Kkm ‫א‬K55000 cm ‫א‬W2J 1
 W‫א‬
 55000 / (100 ×1000) = 0.55km
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 1J 2J 1
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 EFInch inELLF
 EFFoot ftELF
 EFYard yd
 EFMile mi
 


1 ft = 12 in
1 yd = 3 ft
1 mi = 1760 yd


-4-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



 mi 300ftW31
 W‫א‬
 300/(3×1760)=0.0568 mi

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3121
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





-5-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


 41
 K880 km‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
800×1000×100/(2.54×12×3×1760)
=546.8066 mi
 W51
 K100 yd‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 100×3×12×2.54/100=91.440 m

 Kunits of area measurement ‫א‬‫א‬221

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
1 Cm2 =
10×10 = 100 mm2
1 m2 =
100×100 = 10000 cm2
1 km2 =
1000×1000 = 1000000 m2
1 EFHectare(ha) = 10000 m2
1 EFDonm = 1000 m2
 

2
‫א‬7813456 m ‫א‬W61
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
7813456/1000000=7.813456 m2


-6-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 Wunits of volume measurement‫א‬‫א‬321

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

1 m3 = 1000000 cm3 = 1000 Liter
EF 1 Liter = 1000 cm3
EF 1 Gallon = 4.546 Liter

 36 m3‫א‬W71
 W‫א‬
 36×1000=36000 Liter

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬31
 The sexayesimal system ‫א‬‫א‬131
(Degree) 360 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
( mminute ) ‫א‬( ° )
EsecondF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E′F
 KE1J 1FFE″F


°
 1 circle = 360
 1° = 60′
 1′ = 60″
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 78° 45′ 34″
 W‫א‬
 45° 21′ 27.49″
 E1J 1F 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 


-7-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 KThe decimal or centesimal system ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬231

EgradF‫א‬ 400 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  100‫א‬‫א‬EgF
100‫א‬‫א‬EcFE Centesimal minuteF‫א‬
   ECentesimal secondF‫א‬  
 KEccF







 1 circle=400 g
 1g=100 c
 1c=100 cc
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 51.6731 g    
cc c g
 31 ،67 ،51 ‫א‬


 E2J 1F 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1 Circle = 400 gon
1  gon = 100 cgon (centigon)
1 cgon = 10 mgon (million)

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


-8-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

Radian system K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬3-3-1

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Radian‫א‬‫א‬
 E3J 1F







 E3J 1F  E4J 1F 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W2π r Z‫א‬‫א‬
r ( radius ) W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E22/7 FπW‫א‬‫א‬
22 44
2πr / r = 2π = 2 × = = 6.285714286
7 7
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬4-3-1
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 2π = 3600 = 400 g  


 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
Degree‫א‬ EGradianF‫א‬ Radian‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 360°  400 g 2π
360 400 10 2π π
1°  = 1°  =  =
360 360 9 360 180
360 9 400 2π π
1g  = = 0.9  =1  =
400 10 400 400 200
360 180 400 200 2π
1 rad  =  =  =l
2π π 2π π 2π

-9-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


 W81
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬64° 18′ 20″ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 64HE18/60FHE20/3600) =64.30555556
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F64°18′20″Z64.30555556°
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 64.30555556× 10 =71.4506 g
9

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 64.30555556CEπ/180F=1.122344Rad

 W91
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬227.4589 g ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
227.4589×0.9 = 204.713010
°
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F = 204 42′ 46.84″
 204.71301 - 204° = 0.71301 E204F
0.71301×60 = 42.7806′ E42F
0.7806×60 = 46.84″ E‫א‬F


-10-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K227.4589CEπ/200FZ3.572916 rad

 W101
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2.137524 rad‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
2.137524×Eπ/180F=122.471104 =122° 28′ 16″ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  2.137524× Eπ/200F=136.0790 g 




-11-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 
 350 km ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1

 ‫؟‬5000 m2

 ‫؟‬K1 ft3

 ‫؟‬30m4

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬100 mi /hour5

‫؟‬30 yd‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬6

‫؟‬K10 km 2‫א‬7
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K2400 gallon ‫א‬8
 
 K18 m39

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬45° ‫א‬‫א‬10

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬385.4831 g ‫א‬‫א‬11

 ‫א‬‫א‬0.004218 rad‫א‬‫א‬12

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬131° 21′ 47″‫א‬‫א‬13


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬225.418 gon ‫א‬‫א‬14

-12-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


 ‫א‬1700 km ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬15
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬K550 mi‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬16


  E5J 1F
16‫א‬ 

‫א‬A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K180‫א‬‫א‬17
 
 


17‫א‬E6J 1F


-13-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

1‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

2
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪80

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K4

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬






-14-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬1J 2
 K( n-dimensional ) ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K( Origin point ) ‫א‬ K1
K( Coordinates axes ) ‫א‬‫א‬ K2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 2
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Cartesian ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1J 2J 2
 Coordinate System
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Rectangular – coordinates ‫א‬

 ‫א‬Ex F‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬Ey F
( 0 ‫א‬( origin ) ‫א‬
 E1J 2F
( x , y ) ‫א‬ ‫א‬K, 0 )
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ( y ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ( x ) 
K( x ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬( y ) ،
 KE1J 2F

-15-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


 Polar Coordinates System ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 2J 2
( Pole )
( Polar axis )‫א‬
 
E‫א‬F‫א‬
 WEr , θF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wr
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wθ
 E2J 2F  K‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KCircular coordinates system‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3J 2J 2
 W‫א‬
X = r cosθ E1J 2F
Y = r sin θ E2J 2F
r= X2 + Y 2 E3J 2F
θ= tan ‫ــ‬1
y E4J 2F
x





 
 E3J 2F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-16-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬422
 W‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬1422
x F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
x F‫א‬Kx , y , z ∈RE, y , z
،y،x WE, y , z
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kz
F‫א‬Ex , y , zF‫א‬
xx‫א‬EOrigin point
 E4J 2F ،y‫א‬y‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  E42FKz‫א‬z

 Cylinderical coordinates ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W2422
r FEr , θ , zF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
EzF‫א‬‫א‬z‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E, θ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Er , θ , zF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،θ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،r‫א‬θ‫א‬
‫א‬Kz‫א‬z
 K‫א‬

 W

 ‫א‬‫א‬، θ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
θ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 E5J 2F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-17-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 Sherical coordinates system ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W3422

 WEρ , θ , Ф F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEoriginpoint F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wρ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wθ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WØ
 Kz‫א‬‫א‬
 p Eρ , θ , ØF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ Ø‫א‬‫א‬z
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬θ
 E6J 2F  K‫א‬‫א‬ρ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 Geographical coordinates system ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W13422
،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬K‫א‬
 K

 Latitude ( Ф ) W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E7J 2F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K180K‫א‬


-18-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


 Longitude ( λ ) W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
180180360‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W4422

 E8J 2F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
x = r cosθ E5J 2F
y = r sinθ E6J 2F
z= z E7J 2F

-19-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

r= x2 + y2 E8J 2F
θ= tan ‫ــ‬1
y E9J 2F
x
z= z E10J 2F

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W4422











 E9J 2F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ρ= r 2 + z2 E11J 2F
θ= θ E12J 2F
Ø= tan ‫ــ‬1
r E13J 2F
z
 W‫א‬
r = ρ sin Ø E14J 2F
θ= θ E15J 2F
z= ρ cos Ø E16J 2F


-20-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 K‫א‬
ρ= x2 + y2 + z2 E17J 2F
y
θ= tan ‫ــ‬1 E18J 2F
x

‫ــ‬1 x2 + y2 E19J 2F
Ø= tan
z
 K‫א‬
x = ρ sinØcosθ E20J 2F
y = ρ sinØsinθ E21J 2F
z= ρcosØ E22J 2F

-21-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

1‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

3
 ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬1
 K‫א‬‫א‬2

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪80

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K4

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2






-32-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 1J 3
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬
 ( Horizontal Distance ) ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬2J 3
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 Slope Distance ( s ) ‫א‬‫א‬K1
 KHorizontal Distance ( H )‫א‬‫א‬K2
 KVertical Distance ( v ) ‫א‬‫א‬K3

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Etotal station F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬3J 3
 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬








-33-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1J 3J 3
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 E1J 3F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

H = S cos α E1J 3F
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WH
 K‫א‬‫א‬WS
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wα


 W1J 3
 249.510 m ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ A , B ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 2° 22′ 41″‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 E1J 3F‫א‬W‫א‬


 H = S cos α
= 249.510 cos (2° 22′ 41″ )
 = 249.295 m

-34-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2-3-3
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
H = S 2 ‫ ـــ‬V 2 E2J 3F

 W
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬WV










 E2J 3F 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

K124.567 m ‫א‬‫א‬W2J 3
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K2.416 m ‫א‬
 E2J 3F‫א‬W‫א‬

 H = S 2 ‫ـــ‬V 2
= (124.567)2 ‫( ـــ‬2.416)2
 = 124.544 m

-35-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 3-3-3
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
H = V cos α E3J 3F


 E3J 3F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 3J 3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ A , B ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  00° 58′ 43″‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1.583 m
 E3J 3F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬


 H = V coat∝
v
= tan α
1.583
 = tan (00° 58′ − 43′′)
 = 92.673 m

-36-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4-3-3
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
2:3 , ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1:2 , 1:1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(T1 )
 K( T2 ) 


 E4J 3F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
H = t 2 s / t12 + t 22
 ‫א‬‫א‬
( G= 3% )  ( G=2% ) 
100 m ‫א‬K‫א‬
3 m 2m ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
E4J 3F
W
K‫א‬‫ = א‬H
 K‫א‬‫ = א‬S
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ = א‬t1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ = א‬t2


-37-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬100 m ‫א‬‫א‬W4J 3

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1 : 4 
 W‫א‬
 H
= t 2 s / t12 + t 22
= 4 × 100 1 + 16
 = 97.014 m
‫א‬250 m ‫א‬‫א‬ W5J 3
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KG= 3%
 W‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬
G=3% t1=3 t2=100
 H  = t 2 s / t12 + t 22
= 100 × 250 / 9 + 10000
    = 249.887 m

 W‫א‬‫א‬ 4-3
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1J 4J 3
 E13F‫א‬
V = S sin α E5J 3F
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬WV

 W63
 ‫א‬‫א‬KE13F‫א‬
 W‫א‬
V = Ssin α
= 249.51 SIN(02° 22′ 41″)
 = 10.353 m
-38-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W243
 E23F‫א‬E23F‫א‬
V = S 2 ‫ــ‬H 2 E6J 3F

 WE73F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K124.567 m‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬124.544 m‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 E63F‫א‬‫א‬
V = S 2 ‫ـــ‬H2
= (124.567)2 ‫( ــ‬124.544)2
 = 2.394 m

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W343
 E33F‫א‬E33F‫א‬


H J 3F
 H = V cot α ⇒ V =
cot α  E7
v = H tan α
 
 WE83F
‫א‬‫א‬ 74.584 m‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬B , C ‫א‬
 01° 20′ 34″ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 E73F‫א‬

V = H tanα
= 74.584 tan(01° 20′ 34″)
 = 1.748 m

-39-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W443
 WE433F‫א‬E43F‫א‬
V = t1s / t12 + t 22 E8J 3F

 WE93F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE43F‫א‬

 V = t1s / t12 + t 22

= 1× 100 / 12 + 4 2
 = 24.253 m

 WE103FF
 ‫א‬‫א‬E53F‫א‬
 V = t1s / t12 + t 22

= 3 × 250 / 3 3 + 100 2
 = 7.496 m











-40-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EQ1
 1° 49′ 55″ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬523.72 m

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EQ2
 S= 271.548 m
 V= 3.517 m
 H=?


 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5.451 m‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EQ3

 5.418 gon 


 E1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EQ4


‫א‬‫א‬174.521 m ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EQ5
 ‫؟‬173.953 m 


 E53F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E Q6

E5J 3F

-41-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

‫א‬K324.571 m ‫א‬‫א‬( Q7
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1 : 3 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5%‫א‬( Q8
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K524.34 m
 

 Q8 , Q7‫א‬‫א‬( Q9

25.432 yd‫א‬‫א‬725.431 m‫א‬‫א‬(Q10
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-42-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

1‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

4
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٪80

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K4

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2



-43-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬W14

 ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W1 1 4
 Geographical North or True Meridian
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 E14FK‫א‬‫א‬



 E1J 4F 
A‫א‬‫א‬




Magnetic Meridian W‫א‬‫א‬W214
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE24F
E2J 4F 


-44-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


 Angle of DeclinationW‫א‬‫א‬W24
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE34FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬








 E4J 4F  E3J 4F 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
GN = MN ± δ  E14F


 W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WGN
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WMN
K‫א‬‫א‬ Wδ
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WH
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WJ
 WE14F
‫א‬ ‫א‬2° 30′ ‫א‬‫א‬77° 30′ ‫א‬AB ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
GN AB = MN AB + δ
= 77° 30′+2° 30′
-45-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

= 80° 00′
 BearingsW‫א‬‫א‬W34
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Azimuth or W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W1 3 4
 Circular Bearing
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
360° ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
EAZFE‫א‬F
 KE54F


 E5J 4F 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Bearing or Reduced Bearing W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W234
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  KE
 ‫א‬F90°  ‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE64FKEBrF









 E6J 4F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W334
F‫א‬،(Br )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ( Az )‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬E10J 4













 E7J 4F

‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 4
Az AB = 041° 32′ 18″
Az AC = 118° 45′ 23″
 Az AD = 260° 14′ 48″
Az AE = 345° 04′ 54″
 W‫א‬
Bearing ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ Azimuth ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
S 41° 32′ 18″ E  Br = N ( Az ) E  041° 32′ 18″ AB
S 61° 14′ 37″ E  Br = S (180- Az ) E  118° 45′ 23″ AC
S 80° 14′ 48″ W  Br = S(Az – 180 )w  260° 14′ 48″ AD
N14° 55′ 06″ W  Br = N( 360-Az )w  345° 04′ 54″ AE

-47-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W3J 4
Br AB = N 014° 03′ 49″ E
Br AC = S049° 23′ 18″ E
 Br AD = S038° 44′ 53″ W
Br AE = N 065° 42′ 02″ W
 W‫א‬
Azimuth‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ Bearing ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
014° 03′ 49″ Az = Br S 014° 03′ 49″ E AB
 130° 36′ 42″  Az =180- Br S 049° 23′ 18″ E AC
 218° 44′ 53″  Az =180 + B r S 038° 44′ 53″ W AD
 294° 17′ 58″  Az = 360 – B r N 065° 42′ 02″ W AE

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4J 3J 4
Forward and Back Azimuth ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1J 4J 3J 4

 E8J 4FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬=‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬±1800
 E8J 4F

AB‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



0
B az = F az ± 180  E24F
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬=B az
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬=F az
 K1800‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEHF
 K1800‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEF

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 W
 A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AB ‫א‬‫א‬J
 FB ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬BA ‫א‬‫א‬J
 EAB‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬125° 15′ 22″‫א‬AB ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W4J 4
 W‫א‬
B AZ = F AZ ± 180°
 B AZ = 125° 22′ 22″+ 180°
 B AZ = 205° 15′ 22″

 Forward and Back Bearing‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 4J 3J 4
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE9J 4F











 E9J 4F 
AB‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



-49-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AB ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W5J 4
 KN 450 E
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 WAB ‫א‬
 S 450 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5J 3J 4

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 900‫א‬  3600‫א‬  1
‫א‬    2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬   3
 K 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  4
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  5
 ‫א‬‫א‬










-50-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 

K1° 30′‫א‬‫א‬28° 30/‫א‬AC ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ1
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


2° ‫א‬‫א‬81° 30′‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬BD ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ2
 30/


45°11′23″‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AB ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ3
         

 325° 24′35″‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AD ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ4


 121° 15′17″‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AC ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ5




 2450 51′43″‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬AC ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ6




 S 21° 15′22″W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬BC ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ7




 N 31° 11′25″W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬BD ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ8




-51-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ9
Br AB = N 67° 15′19″E
Br AC = S 12° 27′37″E
Br AD = S 28° 23′51″W
Br AE = N52° 37′47″W

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ10
Az AB=022° 25′ 14″
Az BC=112° 41′ 29″
Az AD=241° 17′ 52″
Az BE=311° 31′ 42″


-52-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

1‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

5
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٪80

 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K4

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2






-53-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 WW1J 5
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬2J 5
(X , ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
X , Y ‫א‬‫א‬ Y )
‫א‬‫א‬
KEE ،N F
،X E 
،Y N 
‫א‬‫א‬
J 5FEE,N F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1




 E1J 5F

E,N‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬Er F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEr , θF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EθF‫א‬

-54-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


 W‫א‬1J 2J 5

 K‫א‬
‫א‬ A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬AB ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A,B 
 ،B ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬E2J 5F



E2J 5F

∆E AB = D AB SINθ AB E1J 5F
∆E AB = D AB COSθ AB E2J 5F

E B = E A + ∆E AB E3J 5F
N B = N A + ∆N AB E4J 5F

 W
 KA ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEA
 K A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WNA
 KB ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEB
 K B ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WNB
 K‫א‬AB ‫اﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺨﻂ‬: θAB
 KB،A‫א‬‫א‬WDAB
 KB،A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W∆EAB
 KB،A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W∆NAB

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 W1J 5
‫א‬،A (3215.45, 5678.21 )m‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬B‫א‬‫א‬
 67° 24′ 54″ AB‫א‬‫א‬، 220.45m‫א‬
 W‫א‬
∆EAB = DAB sinθ AAB = 220.45 sin (67° 24′ 54″) = 203.54 m .
∆NAB = DAB cos θAB = 220.45 cos ( 67° 24′ 54″ ) = 84 . 66 m .
EB = EA + ∆EAB = 3215.45+ 203.54 =3418.99 m
NB = NA + ∆NAB = 5678.21 + 84.66=6662.87 m .
B( 3418.99 , 6662.87) m .
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W225
 WE25F
D AB = ∆E 2AB + ∆N2AB E5J 5F
∆E AB
θ AB = tan ‫ــ‬1 E F E6J 5F
∆N AB

∆E AB = EB ‫ــ‬E A E7J 5F
∆N AB = NB ‫ــ‬N A E8J 5F


 E3J 5F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-56-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


E45F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬tan ‫א‬E35F
 W‫א‬













E4J 5F


I‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F Hθ1=AZ
 II‫א‬‫א‬
 Etan–‫א‬‫א‬F EJ θ2F
 E‫א‬‫א‬F AZ=EJ θ2F+180
 Hθ 3 III‫א‬‫א‬
 AZ=θ3+180
 EJ θ4F IV‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 AZ=EJ θ4F+360

-57-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 WE25F
 AB‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬B ,A ‫א‬‫א‬

 point A B
E (m ) 2372.51 4285.92
N (m) 1572.68  3246.43
 W‫א‬
 ∆E AB = EB ‫ـــ‬E A = 1913.41 m
 ∆N AB = NB ‫ــ‬N A = 1673.75 m
D AB = ∆E 2AB + ∆N2AB = 2542.16 m
θ AB = tan ‫ــ‬1 E
∆E AB
F = 48° 49′ 20″
∆N AB
 W‫א‬‫א‬W35
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬










 E5J 5F

‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 KE55F


∆Z = D tan α E9J 5F
∆Z = s cos β E10J 5F

 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬W∆z
 K‫א‬‫א‬WD
 K‫א‬‫א‬WS
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wα
 KZenith Angle ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wβ


 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1J 3J 5
 WE900‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬











 E6J 5F 
B  


-59-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 WE6J 5F‫א‬


HB = HA + i + D tan α - t E11J 5F
OR
HB = HA + i + D tan(90 – β ) – t E12J 5F


 W
 KB =HB
 KA =HA
 KEA F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬=i
 KA , B ‫א‬‫א‬=D
 KB ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬=t
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬=α
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬=β
 K‫א‬‫א‬=S
 
0
 WE90 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬









 E7J 5F
90 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

-60-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 WE7J 5F‫א‬
HB = HA + i - D tan α - t E13J 5F
 or
HB = HA + i - D tan(β - 90 ) – t E14J 5F

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
HB = HA + S cos β + ( i – t ) E15J 5F

 A ‫א‬B ‫א‬E6J 5F‫א‬W3J 5
‫א‬62° 20′ 30′′‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬305.125 m ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬102.654 m
 1.50 mZB ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1.56 m ZA ‫א‬

 W‫א‬

HB = HA+ i + D tan(90- β ) – t
HB = 102.654 + 1.56 - 305.125 tan ( 90 - 62° 20′ 30′′) -1.50
HB = 262.625 m
 
 A ‫א‬B‫א‬E7J 5F‫א‬‫א‬W4J 5
115° ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬175.193 m ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1218.625 m 
1.50 ZB ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1.58 m ZA ‫א‬‫א‬10′ 30″
 m

 W‫א‬
HA + i - D tan(β-
HB =
90) – t
HB = 1218.625 + 1.58 - 175.193 tan(115° 10′ 30′′ - 90 ) – 1.50
HB = 1136.359 m
 
 
-61-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 WQ1
،E3254.48 ,- 6723.81 Fm A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D  ‫א‬‫א‬
 124° 55′ 34″‫א‬A D ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬324.54 m ‫א‬‫א‬

 WQ2
 AB ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A , B ‫א‬‫א‬
point A B
E (m ) 48964.38 48988.66
N (m) 69866.75  62583.18
594.148 m  A‫א‬B‫א‬WQ3
‫א‬‫א‬78° 15′ 31′′‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬425.189 m ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 1.71 mZB ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1.58 m ZA 

 100° 22′ 12′′‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬B ‫א‬Q3 ‫א‬WQ4

 CD ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬C & D ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ5
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 C ( 2375.48 , 3457.69 ) m , D ( -4321.81 , -5683.45 ) m

 ‫א‬‫א‬A ( 7245.32 , 4578.12 ) m‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ6
 ‫א‬‫א‬AE ‫א‬KE(-3224.59 , 6784.37 ) m 
 
BC ‫א‬‫א‬B & C ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ7
 CB ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Point B C
E(m) 1237.42 3234.36
N(m) 2463.56 5968.68


-62-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

1‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

6
 ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪80

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K18

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K1
 K2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3




-63-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 WW16
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3


 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬1
 K‫א‬‫א‬2


 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬2
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬3

 W‫א‬‫א‬W26
 Area of Traingle W‫א‬W126
 W


 W‫א‬‫א‬1126
bh
 Area = 1J 6
2

 W
 K‫א‬WArea

 E1J 6F  KEBaseF ‫א‬Wb

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KEHeightF‫א‬Wh

-64-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

4.5 m‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1 6F ‫א‬‫א‬W1 6

 2.7 m ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
bh 4.5 × 2.7
Area = = = 6.075 m 2
2 2

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W2126

1 
 Area = ab sin C
2
1  E2J 6F
 Area = ac sin B
2
1 
 Area = bc sin A
2
 W
 KE2J 6F‫א‬‫א‬Wa,b,c
 E2J 6F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE2J 6F‫א‬‫א‬WA,B,C



15.22 17.51 mC ,B‫א‬‫א‬26‫א‬‫א‬W26

  22° 15′ 14″ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬m
 W‫א‬
1 1
 Area = bc‫ ـــ‬sin A = × 17.51 × 15.22 ‫ ــ‬sin 22° 15′ 14′′ = 50.464 m 2
2 2
 W‫א‬‫א‬W3126


Area = s (s‫ ـ‬a )(s‫ ـ‬b )(s − c ) E3J 6F

W
(a + b + c )
S=
2

 E3J 6F

‫א‬‫א‬
-65-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 E46F‫א‬W36






E4J 6F 
 W‫א‬
III{II{IW‫א‬
 

Area of I
70.15 + 64.30 + 112.70
S = 2
= 123.575 m

 Area = s (s‫ ـ‬a )(s‫ ـ‬b )(s − c ) 

Area = 123.575(123.575‫ ــ‬70.15)(123.575‫ــ‬112.70)(123.575‫ ــ‬64.30)

 Area = 2062.947 m2
Area of II
176.40 + 84.20 + 112.70
 S = 2
= 186.65 m

 Area(II) = 186.65(186.65‫ــ‬176.40)(168.65‫ ــ‬84.20)(186.65‫ــ‬112.70)

 Area(II) = 3807.159 m2
Area of III
84.20 + 93.40 + 68.70
 S = 2
= 123.15 m

 Area (III) = 123.15(123.15‫ ــ‬84.20)(123.15‫ ــ‬93.40)(123.15‫ ــ‬68.70)

 Area (III) = 2787.490 m2
TotalArea = I+II+III=2062.947+3807.159+2787.490
 = 8657.596 m2
-66-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

  Area of square W‫א‬W326


d2
 Area = S =2
4J 6
2

 W
 K‫א‬Ws
 K‫א‬Wd
 E5J 6F

‫א‬

،12m ‫א‬‫א‬E5 6F‫א‬W4 6
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
Area = S2=(12)2=144 m2
d2
 Area = ⇒ d2 = 2 Area
2
 Qd = 2 Area
= 144 × 2
= 16.97 m



 Area of rectangle W‫א‬W426

Area = bh E5J 6F
 W
 K‫א‬Wb
 K‫א‬Wh

 E6J 6F

‫א‬

-67-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 WE56F
 ‫א‬K427 m787 m‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
Area = bh = 787 X 427
= 336049 m2
 Area of parallelogram W‫א‬‫א‬W526

Area = bh E6J 6F
 W
 K‫א‬Wb
 K‫א‬Wh

 E7J 6F
‫א‬WE66F
‫א‬‫א‬
 K22 m ‫א‬ 58 m
 W‫א‬
Area = bh = 58 x 22
= 1276 m2

 Area of rhombus W‫א‬W626

d1d2
Area = bh= E7J 6F
2
 W
 K‫א‬Wb
 K‫א‬Wh
 K‫א‬‫א‬Wd1
 K‫א‬‫א‬Wd2
 E8J 6F

‫א‬


-68-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬21 m , 17 m ‫א‬WE76F
 W‫א‬
d1d2
 Area = 2
17 × 21
= = 178.5 m 2
2

 KArea of trapezoid W‫א‬W726

1 E8J 6F
Area = h(b + a)
2
 
 K‫א‬Wh
 K‫א‬‫א‬Wb
 K‫א‬‫א‬Wa
 E9J 6F

‫א‬
 WE86F
14 m , 24 7 m‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E96F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ m
 W‫א‬
1
 Area = 1 h(b + a ) = × 7(24 + 14)
2 2
= 133 m2

 KArea of regular polygon.‫א‬‫א‬W826

1 2 180 E9J 6F
Area = ns cot
4 n
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬Wn
 K‫א‬Ws
 E10J 6F
‫א‬‫א‬ 
-69-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 9m WE96F
 W‫א‬
1 2 180 1 180
Area = ns cot = × 8 × 9 2 cot
4 n 4 8
= 391.10 m2

 KArea of Quadrilateral ‫א‬‫א‬9J 2J 6

Area =
d1d2 sin α E10J 6F
2

 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬Wd1
 ‫א‬‫א‬Wd2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W∝

 E11J 6F
‫א‬‫א‬ 

9.6m ،6.5 m ‫א‬E11J 6F‫א‬ WE10J 6F
 48° 12′ 41″‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
d1d2 sin α 6.5 × 9.6 sin (84 o 12′ 41′′)
Area = =
2 2
= 31.04 m2


-70-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 KArea of Circle‫א‬‫א‬10J 2J 6

πd 2
 Area = πr 2
=  E11J 6F
4
 W
 K‫א‬Wr
 K‫א‬Wd
 12m ‫א‬E11–6F
 E12J 6F 
‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬


2
 Area= π r 2 = π(12)
= 452.389 m2

 KArea of circular Ring ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬11J 2J 6

Area =π(R2-r2)  E12J 6F
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W r
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WR


 E13J 6F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-71-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬E13–6F‫א‬WE12–6F
 9m ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E11 m F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 Area =π(R2-r2) = π(112-92)
= 125.66 m2


 KArea of sector ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬12J 2J 6

Area =πr2
θ E13J 6F
o
360
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬= θ
 K‫א‬=r
 E14–6F‫א‬‫א‬WE13–6F
 E14J 6F  340 15/ 27//‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  17.5 m ‫א‬
 W‫א‬

θ 2 34
o
15′ 27′′
 Area =πr2 = π(17.5 )
360 o 360 o
= 91.55 m2


-72-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 K Area of segment ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬13J 2J 6



r2
θ
Area =πr2 -
sin θ
360 2 o

Area
πθ sin θ
=r2( - ) E14J 6F
360 2

 E15–6F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE14–6F
E15J 6F   45° ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬8.5m ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬

πθ sin θ π × 45 sin 45
 Area =r2( - ) 2
= E8.5F ( ‫ــ‬ )
360 2 360 2
= 2.83 m2

 .Area of Ellipse ‫א‬‫א‬14J 2J 6

Area = πab E15J 6F
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬Wa 
  K‫א‬‫א‬Wb
 ‫א‬E16–6F‫א‬E15–6F
 E16J 6F 32.5 m‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  28.7 m ‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 Area = πab = π×32.5×28.7
= 2930.32 m2


-73-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


 KArea of parabola ‫א‬‫א‬15J 2J 6
 
2 E16J 6F
Area = Lh
3
 W
 K‫א‬Wh
 K‫א‬WL
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E16–6F
 15m ‫א‬‫א‬E17–6F‫א‬
 E17J 6F  24m 
‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬
2
 Area = 2 Lh = × 24 × 15
3 3
= 240 m2

 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬3J 6
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 Take and Give method ‫א‬‫א‬1J 3J 6
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-74-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬









 
 E18J 6F 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2

‫א‬2J 3J 6
COUNTING SQUARE
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E19J 6F 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬

-75-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬K2

 Trapezoidal rule ‫א‬W336
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬
 E20J 6F  K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 


d
Area = [L1 + 2(L2 + L3 + • • • • • L n‫ ــ‬1 ) + L N ] E17J 6F
2

 Simpson's One Third Rule 4J 3J 6








 E21J 6F

‫א‬


-76-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
[(L1 + Ln ) + 4(L2 + L4 + L6 + .......) + 2(L3 + L5 + L7 + ..........)]
d
Area= 18J 6
3


‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬
3
FHE‫א‬‫א‬FHE‫א‬‫א‬F]
‫=א‬ [E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E17–6F
K1980 1:2000 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K0.5 cm ‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬
 K2E‫א‬FC‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬=‫א‬

 Area = 1980×(0.5)2×(2000)2
= 1980×106 cm2
1980000000
= 10000
= 198000 m2


-77-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

‫א‬E22–6F‫א‬‫א‬WE18–6F
 










E22J 6F 
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬
[ L1 + 2(L1 + L2 + L3 + L4 + L5 + L6 + L7 ) + L8 ]
d
Area= 3

50
Area = [41+2E43+48+49+45+51+50FH47]
2
= 16500 m2

 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
Area=
d
[(L1 + L7 ) + 4(L + L + L ) + 2(L + L )] + [ h(b + a )]
2 4 6 3 5
3 2

50 50(50 + 47)
 Area = [E41+50FH4E43+49+51FH2E48+45F]+[
2
]
3
= 16575 m2

-78-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 Area by Coordinates ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4J 6

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E23–6FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1









 E23J 6F

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ Y ‫א‬‫א‬X  K2
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬X ‫א‬‫א‬ Y 










-79-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K3
 W‫א‬
 ∑ 1 = XA . yB+xB . yC+xC . yD +xD yA
 ∑ 2 = YA . xB +yB . xC +yc . xD +yD . xA

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K4

Area =
∑ 1‫∑ــ‬ 2
E19–6F

2

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬A B C D ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE19–6F
STATION X- COORDINATES Y- COORDINATES
A 1000 4000
B 6000 8000
C 9000 3000
D 5000 1000
 W‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
POINT X- Y-
COORDINATES COORDINATES
 ∑1 ‫א‬  ∑2 ‫א‬
A 1000
4000 1000×8000=8000000  4000×6000=24000000

B 6000 8000 6000×3000=18000000  8000×9000=72000000

C 9000 3000  9000×1000=9000000  3000×5000=15000000

D 5000 1000 5000×4000=20000000 1000×1000=1000000

A 1000 4000 ∑ 1
= 55000000 m2  ∑2 = 112000000 m2


 Area = ∑1 ∑
‫ــــ‬ 55000000 ‫ـــ‬ 12000000
2
=
2 2

Area = 28500000 m2=28.5 km2






-80-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

Planimeter    E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W56
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W156
Mechanicale planimetere ‫א‬‫ א‬1
Digital planimetere  ‫א‬‫ א‬2

 E24J 6F
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K




-81-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

E25J 6F
 W‫א‬






E26J 6F
 
 






polar planineter ‫א‬‫ א‬J 

rolling planimeter  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J 
-82-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


























 E27J 6F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{EaF‫א‬‫א‬ 
 EcF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{EbF 

-83-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬














EF‫א‬E28J 6F 











‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E29J 6F


-84-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 Digital planimeter ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE30J 6FPLANIX 7 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 E31J 6F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
PLANIX7E30J 6F  K‫א‬K1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K2
 K‫א‬K3
 K‫א‬‫א‬K4
 KEF‫א‬K5
 K‫א‬K6
 K‫א‬K7
 E32J 6F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E31J 6F
 K‫א‬‫א‬K8
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬K9
 K‫א‬K10
 E33J 6F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 KE34J 6F‫א‬‫א‬K

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E32J 6F




 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E33J 6F  ‫א‬E34J 6F

-85-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K2
 KEF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K3
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬K
E35J 6F
 ON/ C 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬K
E36J 6F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE35J 6FStart ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E36J 6F
‫א‬
 ‫א‬W
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE37L6F



‫א‬‫א‬E37J 6F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ1
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E38J 6F  
‫א‬،1:2500 ‫א‬WQ2
1 mm ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬750 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K50 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


-87-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ3
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
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
E39J 6F 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ4
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 E40J 6F 


-88-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬WQ5


 E41J 6F

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WQ6
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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
E42J 6F 




-89-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

F‫א‬WQ7
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
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 E43J 6F
 W‫א‬‫א‬A B C D E F G H I ‫א‬‫א‬WQ8

Point  A B C D E F G H I
X 0 4 34 64 71 49 34 29 14
Y 1.9 2.9 4.4 2.9 1.1 0.2 1.0 1.1 0

 ‫א‬‫א‬WQ9
AB = 30.00 m
BC = 35.00 m
CA = 25.00 m

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E44J 6F
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-90-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ10
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 E45J 6F 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬WQ11
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 E46J 6F 

-91-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬WQ12

E47J 6F

-92-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

1‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

7
 ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٪80

 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K18

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2






-94-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K1J 7
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K4

 Volume Computation by Geometric formulas ‫א‬‫א‬2J 7

Cube ‫א‬ 1-2-7
V=L3  E1J 7F
 W
 K‫א‬WV
 K‫א‬WL

 ‫א‬WE1J 7F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،3 m 

 E1J 7F 
‫א‬
 W‫א‬

V=L3=33=27 m3 
-95-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

Rectangular Box ‫א‬‫א‬ 2-2-7


V=L w h E2J 7F

 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬W V
 ‫א‬WL
 ‫א‬WW
 E2J 7F
 ‫א‬Wh
‫א‬‫א‬
 E2J 7F
 ‫א‬‫א‬K5C3C2‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬

V=L w h =5×3×2=30 m3 


 Prism ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 3-2-7


V=Ah E3J 7F
 W
 K‫א‬WV
 K‫א‬WA
 K‫א‬Wh
 E3J 7F

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE3J 7F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K5m ‫א‬‫א‬4m & 6 m 
 10m
 W‫א‬
(4 + 6) × 5

V=Ah =[ ]×10=250 m3 
2

-96-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 Cone‫א‬4J 2J 7

1 2
V= πr h  E4J 7F
3
 W
 K‫א‬WV
 K‫א‬Wr
 K‫א‬‫א‬Wh



 E7J 4F

‫א‬

‫א‬6m ‫א‬‫א‬E4J 7F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4J 7F
 6m ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
1
V= 1 πr 2 h  π(6)2 × 6 = 226.195 m2
3 3


 Frustum of Cone ‫א‬‫א‬5J 2J 7




V= 1 πh(r 2 + rR + R 2 ) E5J 7F
3

 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬WV
 K‫א‬‫א‬Wh
 E5J 7F  K‫א‬WR
‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬Wr
-97-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


20m ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5J 7F‫א‬E5J 7F
 5m 10m 
 W‫א‬
V= 1 πh(r 2 + rR + R 2 ) 
3
1
V= π × 20(52 + 5 × 10 + 102 ) = 3665.191 m3 
3

 Pyramid    ‫א‬‫א‬6J 2J 7


h
V= A  E6J 7F
3
 W
 K‫א‬WV
 K‫א‬‫א‬Wh
 K‫א‬WA
 E6J 7F
 E6J 7F  ‫א‬8m ‫א‬‫א‬25m ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
h
V= A 
3
h 8
V= A = × (25)2 = 1666.7 m3 
3 3


 Cylinder   ‫א‬‫א‬7J 2J 7

V= πr 2h  E7J 7F
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬WV
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wh
 E7J 7F
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬Wr
-98-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


‫א‬2m 10m ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E7J 7F
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
V= πr 2 h 
V= π(2)2 × 10 = 125.664 m3 

 Sphere    ‫א‬8J 2J 7

V= 4 πr 3  E8J 7F
3
 W
 K‫א‬WV
 K‫א‬Wr

 E8J 7F  E8J 7F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E8J 7F
‫א‬
 10m ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
4 3
V= πr 
3
4
V= π(10)3 = 4188.790m3 
3

 Frustum of pyramid ‫א‬‫א‬9J 2J 7
h
V= ( A + A 2 + A1A 2 )  E9J 7F
3 1
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬WV
 K‫א‬‫א‬Wh
 K‫א‬WA1
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WA2
‫א‬‫א‬E9J 7F

-99-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

8m ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E9J 7F‫א‬E9J 7F

 ‫א‬‫א‬15m2 , 25m2 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
h
V= ( A + A 2 + A1A 2 ) 
3 1
8
V= (25 + 15 + 25 × 15 ) = 158.306 m3 
3


 Right Prism ‫א‬‫א‬10J 2J 7


1
V= Ah E10J 7F
2
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬WV
 K‫א‬Wh
 K‫א‬WA
 ‫א‬E10J 7F‫א‬E10J 7F
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E10J 7F  5m ‫א‬10m 
 W‫א‬
1
V= Ah 
2
1
V= (10 × 10) × 5 = 250 m3 
2


  Frustum of prism‫א‬‫א‬11J 2J 7
h
V= ( A + 4A m + A 2 ) E11J 7F
6 1
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬WV
 K‫א‬‫א‬WA1
‫א‬‫א‬E11J 7F  K‫א‬‫א‬WA2
 K‫א‬‫א‬WAm

-100-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬EAm F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬E11J 7F
‫א‬7 m ‫א‬20 m , 15 m 
  10 m ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5 m ‫א‬10 m , 7 m
 W‫א‬
h
V= ( A + 4A m + A 2 ) 
6 1
20 + 15
A1 = ( ) × 7 = 122.5 m 2 
2
10 + 7
A2 = ( ) × 5 = 42.5 m 2 
2
  Am
20 + 10
= 15 m 
2
15 + 7
= 11 m 
2
‫א‬
7+5
=6 m 
2
15 + 11
Am = ( ) × 6 = 78 m 2 
2
10
V= (122.5 + 4 × 78 + 42.5) = 795 m3 
6

 WE1F‫א‬‫א‬W3J 7
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬( Reference Datum ) 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i‫א‬ABCD ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E12J 7F،‫א‬

-101-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬E‫א‬Level ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E1FJ 1
Ha , Hb , Hc , Hd , He , Hf , ‫א‬d1,d2 ‫א‬
‫א‬abde ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬Hg , Hh , Hi
 K‫א‬










 E12J 7F

‫א‬‫א‬

( Average Depth ) ‫א‬،d1Cd2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬
Ha + Hb + Hd + He
 E‫א‬F ( Average Depth)abde =
4


-102-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 W a b d e ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Volume= Plan Area Average depth
‫ =א‬‫א‬×‫א‬

Ha + Hb + Hd + He
Volume1=d1.d2 ( )
4


 Wb c e f ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Hb + Hc + He + H f
Volume2=d1.d2( )
4

 Wd e g h ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Hd + He + Hg + Hh
Volume3=d1.d2 ( )
4

 We f h i ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

He + Hf + Hh + Hi
Volume4=d1.d2( )
4


a c g i‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 Volume total 1 = Volume1 + Volume2 + Volume3 + Volume4

Volume total 1=
d1• d2
[(Ha + Hb + Hd + He ) + (Hb + Hc + He + H f ) + (Hd + He + Hg + Hh ) + (He + H f + Hh + Hi )]
4

d1• d2
Volume total 1= [1( H a + H c + H g + H i ) + 2( H b + H d + H f + H h ) + 4( H e )] 12J 7
4
 

-103-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
K‫א‬

abde ,bcef ,dehi ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬a c g i‫א‬‫א‬ K3

 W‫א‬‫א‬E13–7F،،,efhi
‫א‬‫א‬edg , egd , efh , fhi , abd , bde , bce , cef 
K










 E13J 7F 

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
abd‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 EAverage DepthFabd= Ha + Hb + Hd
3
-104-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


 Wabd ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Volme= Plan Area×Average Depth
 Volme1= ⎛⎜ d1 × d 2 ⎞⎟⎛⎜ H a + + H b + H d ⎞⎟ = d1 × d 2 (H + Hb + Hd )
a
⎝ 2 ⎠⎝ 3 ⎠ 6

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 Volme2= d1 × d 2
(H d + H b + H e )
6
 Volme3= d1 × d 2
(H b + H c + H e )
6
 Volme4= d1 × d 2
(H + He + H f )
c
6
 Volme5= d1 × d 2
(H + He + H g )
d
6
 Volme6= d1 × d 2
(H + Hg + Hh )
e
6
 Volme7= d1 × d 2
(H + H f + Hh )
e
6
 Volme8= d1 × d 2
(H + Hh + Hi )
f
6
‫א‬(Borrow –pit Method ) ?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫ א‬K4
 K(Unit-Area Method ) ?‫א‬?‫א‬
(Gravel ) ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K5
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
acgi ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬
Volmetotal=
d1 × d2
6
[
1(Ha + Hi ) + 2(Hc + Hg ) + 3(Hb + Hd + Hf + Hh ) + 6(He ) ]  13J 7

-105-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K(Rough Terrain ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E12–7F
 WE12–7F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Point no. Height above Datum ( m )
A 106.68
B 107.17
C 106.97
D 107.06
E 107.50
F 107.76
g 107.96
H 108.01
I 108.68
104.00 m‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،acgi‫א‬‫א‬
 (25 x 20) m
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬E104.00F


‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

Point no. Height above Datum Formation level Depth of cut
(m)1  (m) 2 (m)( 1-2)
a 106.68 104.00 2.68
b 107.17 104.00 3.17
c 106.97 104.00 2.97
d 107.06 104.00 3.06
e 107.50 104.00 3.50
f 107.76 104.00 3.76
g 107.96 104.00 3.96
h 108.01 104.00 4.01
i 108.68 104.00 4.08

-106-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

d1 × d 2
Volmetotal l= [1(H a + H c + H g + H i ) + 2(H b + H d + H f + H h ) + 4(H e )]
4
25 × 20
Volmetotal l= [1(2.68 + 2.97 + 3.96 + 4.08) + 2(3.17 + 3.06 + 3.76 + 4.01) + 4(3.50 )] = 6961.25m 3
4

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E13J 7F،‫א‬‫א‬


d1 × d 2
Volmetotal l= [1(H a + H i ) + 2(H c + H g ) + 3(H b + H d + H f + H h ) + 6(H e )]
6
d1 × d 2
Volmetotal l= [1(2.68 + 4.08) + 2(2.97 + 3.96 ) + 3(3.17 + 3.06 + 3.76 + 4.01) + 6(3.50 )] = 6968.33m 3
6

 Volume from contour lines ‫א‬‫א‬W4J 7
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E14J 7F‫א‬WE13J 7F
 W‫א‬
• Contour 130 = 100 m2
• Contour 120 = 150 m2
• Contour 110 = 240 m2
• Contour 100 = 350 m2
• Contour 90 = 490 m2
• Contour 80 = 670 m2 

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K100 m ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


-107-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


(14-7) ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬ 

 W‫א‬
 E‫א‬FSum of cut=C130-120+C120-110+C110-100

C130-120= Area of Contour (130) + Area of Contour (120) × Contour Interval (‫א‬‫א‬F
2

(100 + 150) × 10
C130-120 = 2
= 1250 m3
(150 + 240) × 10
C120-110 = 2
= 1250 m3
(140 + 350) × 10
C110-100 = 2
= 1250 m3

 ‫א‬Z1250+1950+2950=6150 m3

 E‫א‬F Sum of fill =F100-90+F90-80
-108-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


F100-90=(Area of Contour 90[(90)‫א‬]-Area of Contour 100)×
(100)‫א‬‫א‬

(490 − 350) × (0 + 10)

F100-90 = 2
= 700 m3
(670 + 490) × (10 + 20)
F90-80 = 2
= 2700 m3

 ‫א‬=700+2700=3400 m3


 ‫א‬‫א‬10m 450m3WQ1

 ‫א‬{‫א‬9m ‫א‬118 m3WQ2

{‫א‬‫א‬4m 15 m ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ3
 ‫א‬


-109-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


6 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ4
 m











 E15J 7F
K‫א‬‫א‬32.55 m ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ5
 10m ‫א‬












 E16J 7F
-110-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ6









 E17J 7F 
 100 m ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ7














 E18J 7F

-111-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 100 m ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ8
• Contour 150 = 50 m2
• Contour 140 = 70 m2
• Contour 130 = 130 m2
• Contour 120 = 250 m2
• Contour 110 = 510 m2
• Contour 100 = 1120 m2





E19J 7F






-112-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 70 m ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ9
• Contour 70 = 700 m2
• Contour 65 = 340 m2
• Contour 60 = 180 m2
• Contour 55 = 100 m2
• Contour 50 = 60 m2





E20J 7F 






-113-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  103  ‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WQ10
 W
• Contour 600 = 80 m2
• Contour 580 = 180 m2
• Contour 560 = 370 m2
• Contour 540 = 750 m2
• Contour 520 = 1520 m2
• Contour 500 = 3100 m2





E21J 7F 

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K540m ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬5 m C8 mC10 m  ‫א‬WQ11
 ‫א‬


E22J 7F 

-114-
   1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KK‫א‬‫א‬E1985F،1
 KK‫א‬E1983F،2
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1997F،3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K،4
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K،5
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K،6
 KK‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬KE1989F،7
 KE1991FK‫א‬،‫א‬K،8
 KK‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE2004F،9
K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE2002F
 ،‫א‬10
 K‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬KE1997F،‫א‬ 11
 KK‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE1999F،12
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬KE1424F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 13
 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
14- Mc Cormac, Jack ( 1999) . SURVEYING . Prentice-Hall .Inc.new jersey .
15- Schofield , W.(Wiltred ) ( 2002 ) . Engineering surveying . Botterworth , Heinemann.
Oxford .
16- Moffitt , Francis H. and Bossler,John D. ( 1998 ) . Surveying. Addison Wesley
Longman . U S A .
17- kavanagh ,Barry F. ( 2001 ) Surveying with construction Applications . prentice Hall .
new jersey .
18- Muskett , John ( 2002 ) . site surveying . Blackwell science . Oxford .
19- Wirshing , James R . and Wirshing ,Roy H . ( 1985 ) . Introductory surveying . Mc
Graw Hill .
20- Davis , Raymond E . , Foote , Francis S . , Anderson , James M .and Mikhail , Ejward
M. ( 1981 ) . surveying theory and practic . MeGraw Aill .

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   1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

The Greek
Alphabet
Alpha A ∝
Beta B β
Gamma Γ γ
Delta ∆ δ
Epsilon E ∈
Zeta Z ζ
Eta H η
Theta θ θ
Lota I ι
Kappa K κ ,x
Lambda Λ λ
Mu M µ
Nu N ν
Xi Ξ ξ
Omicron O o
Pi Π π ,ϖ
Rho P ρ
Sigma Σ σ
Tau T τ
Upsilon ϒ υ
Phi Φ φ, ϕ
Chi X χ
Psi Ψ ψ
Omega Ω ω
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   1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
 1 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 2K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K E‫א‬‫א‬F1-1
 3K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KUnits of measurement‫א‬‫א‬21
 3K K K K K K K K K K K K KUnits of length measurements ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬121
 3K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1121
 4K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 1J 2J 1
 5K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3121
 6K K K K K K K K K K K K K Kunits of area measurement ‫א‬‫א‬221
 7 K K K K K K K K K K K K K Wunits of volume measurement‫א‬‫א‬321
 7K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬31
 7K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K The sexayesimal system‫א‬‫א‬131
 8K K K K K K K K K K KThe decimal or centesimal system ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬231
 9K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Radian systemK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1-3-3
 9K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4J 3J 1
 14 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 15 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬1J 2
 15 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 2
 15 K K K K K K K K K Cartesian Coordinate System‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1J 2J 2
 16 K K K K K K K K K K K Polar Coordinates System‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 2J 2
 16 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3J 2J 2
 17 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬422
 17 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬1422
 17 K K K K K K K K K K K Cylinderical coordinates‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W2422
 18 K K K K K K K K K K Sherical coordinates system‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W3422
 19 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W4422
 20 K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W4422

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   1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 32 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 33 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 1J 3
 33 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬2J 3
 33 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬3J 3
 34 K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1J 3J 3
 35 K K K K K K K K K K K E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 3J 3
 36 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3J 3J 3
 37 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4J 3J 3
 38 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬4J 3
 38 K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1J 4J 3
 39 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W243
 39 K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W343
 40 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W443
 43 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 44 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬W14
 44 K K K K K K Geographical North or True MeridianW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W114
 44 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Magnetic MeridianW‫א‬‫א‬W214
 45 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Angle of DeclinationW‫א‬‫א‬W24
 46 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K BearingsW‫א‬‫א‬W34
 46 K K K K K K K K K K K K K Azimuth or Circular BearingW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W134
 46 K K K K K K K K K K K K K Bearing or Reduced BearingW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W234
 47 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W334
 48 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4J 3J 4
 48 K K K Forward and Back Azimuth‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1J 4J 3J 4
 49 K K K Forward and Back Bearing‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2J 4J 3J 4
 50 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5J 3J 4
 53 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 54 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K WW1J 5
 54 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬2J 5
 55 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬1J 2J 5
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   1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 56 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W225
 58 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬W35
 59 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1J 3J 5
 63 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 64 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K WW16
 64 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬W26
 64 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Area of TraingleW‫א‬W126
 64 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬1126
 65 K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W2126
 65 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬W3126
 67 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Area of squareW‫א‬W326
 67 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Area of rectangleW‫א‬W426
 68 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Area of parallelogramW‫א‬‫א‬W526
 68 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Area of rhombusW‫א‬W626
 69 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KArea of trapezoid W‫א‬W726
 69 K K K K K K K K K K KArea of regular polygon .‫א‬‫א‬W826
 70 K K K K K K K K K K K K K KArea of Quadrilateral ‫א‬‫א‬9J 2J 6
 71 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KArea of Circle‫א‬‫א‬10J 2J 6
 71 K K K K K K K K K K KArea of circular Ring ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬11J 2J 6
 72 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KArea of sector ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬12J 2J 6
 73 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Area of segment ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬13J 2J 6
 73 K K K K K K K K K K K K K .Area of Ellipse‫א‬‫א‬14J 2J 6
 74 K K K K K K K K K K K K K KArea of parabola ‫א‬‫א‬15J 2J 6
 74 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬3J 6
 75 K K K K K K K K K K K K COUNTING SQUARE‫א‬2J 3J 6
 76 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Trapezoidal rule‫א‬W336
 76 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Simpson's One Third Rule4J 3J 6
 79 K K K K K K K K K K K K K Area by Coordinates‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4J 6
 81 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K PlanimeterE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W56
 94 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
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   1‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  103  ‫א‬

 95 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K1J 7
 95 K K K K K Volume Computation by Geometric formulas‫א‬‫א‬2J 7
 95 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Cube‫א‬7-2-1
 96 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Rectangular Box‫א‬‫א‬7-2-2
 96 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Prism‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3J 2J 7
 97 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Cone‫א‬4J 2J 7
 97 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Frustum of Cone‫א‬‫א‬5J 2J 7
 98 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Pyramid‫א‬‫א‬6J 2J 7
 98 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Cylinder‫א‬‫א‬7J 2J 7
 99 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Sphere‫א‬8J 2J 7
 99 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Frustum of pyramid‫א‬‫א‬9J 2J 7
 100 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Right Prism‫א‬‫א‬10J 2J 7
 100 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K Frustum of prism‫א‬‫א‬11J 2J 7
 101 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W‫א‬‫א‬W3J 7
 107 K K K K K K K K K K K Volume from contour lines‫א‬‫א‬W4J 7
 115 K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS