Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin

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Stepan Apraksin

Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin (Russian: Степан Фёдорович Апраксин; 10 August [O.S. 30 July] 1702 -
17 August [O.S. 6 August] 1758), a relative of Fyodor M. Apraksin, commanded the Russian armies
during the Seven Years' War. He should not be confused with his son Stepan Stepanovich Apraksin,
who had a notable military career in the service of Catherine the Great.

Contents

1 Early life

2 Politics

3 Seven Years' War

4 Downfall

5 Footnotes

6 References

Early life

Apraksin the Elder fought under Münnich against the Turks and rose rapidly to the rank of General.
He was present at the taking of Ochakov in 1737 and brought to the Russian capital news about the
capture of Khotin in 1739. Several years later, he led a Russian embassy to Persia.

Politics

At the Russian court Apraksin became one of the keenest opponents of both the pro-Prussian party
and of Count Lestocq. He was one of the few devoted supporters of Chancellor Aleksey Bestuzhev,
who ensured Apraksin's promotion to Field Marshal and appointment to command the Russian army
on the outbreak of the Seven Years' War in 1756.

Seven Years' War

The next year Apraksin took up the overall command of the army invading Prussia and won the
Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf on 30 August 1757, albeit with heavy losses. The Russian court, upon
receiving news of the victory, expected Apraksin to overrun all of Prussia. Instead, on hearing that
Empress Elizabeth had suffered a severe relapse in health, Apraksin crossed the Neman River and
returned to Russia, intending to support the heir to the throne (the future Peter III of Russia, who
represented the interests of Frederick II of Prussia) in the event of the Empress's death. According to
another interpretation, he was recalled by Bestuzhev whose enemies plotted his downfall.

Downfall

As Elizabeth recovered, Bestuzhev fell from power and suffered banishment, and Apraksin came
under the suspicion of having received bribes from the Prussian king. Put on trial, he died in prison in
August 1758 before the military tribunal had reached a decision as to the reasons for his scandalous
retreat. He was replaced as commander in Prussia, by William Fermor who went on to fight the
inconclusive Battle of Zorndorf against Frederick the Great.