Biodiversity Protection

Unit- I: Introduction

 Meaning and scope of traditional knowledge

 Interface between IP and Traditional knowledge
 Need and significance of protection
 International instruments on traditional knowledge
 Developments in WIPO

Unit- II: International Instruments on Biodiversity protection

 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, (1992)
 The Convention on Biological Diversity, (1992)
 Bonn Guidelines on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable
sharing of benefits arising out of their utilization, (2002)
 International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture,
(2001)
 The Mataatua Declaration on Culture and Intellectual property Rights of
Indigenous People, (1993)
 UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, (2007)
 The Nagoya Protocol, (2010)
 The Cartagena protocol on Biosafety, (2000)
 Other TRIPs Plus initiatives
Unit- III: Relationship between Intellectual Property and Biological Diversity

 The relation between IP and Biological Diversity

 Concept of Biological Diversity
 Provisions under Biological Diversity vis a vis Intellectual Property
 Protection available to Biological Diversity under IPR

Unit- IV: Terminologies under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002

 Understanding what is or not Biological Resources with reference to “value

Added products”
 Exemption of local communities, Vaids and Hakims
 “Commercial Utilization” and “Traditional Practices”

Unit- V: Case Studies on Biological Diversity: Justification for the Biological

Diversity Law in India

 Biological Diversity Conservation before BD Act, 2002

 The kani Case of Arogyapaccha
 The Monsanto India Limited Case
 Neem, Turmeric and Basmati Patent Case
 The Pepsico Seaweed Case
 Bio India Biologicals: Exporting of Neem Leaves Case
 Czech Republic’s Scientists Case
 Monsanto’s Wheat patent on Nap-Hal Case
 Japanese National’s Case
 Divya Pharmacy v. Union of India
Unit- VI: Legal and Administerial Overreach within the Biological Diversity
Act

 Umbrella Powers of the National Biodiversity Authority; the State

Biodiversity Boards
 Challenges of the Biodiversity Management Committees