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activitres antl llro;cr.l work

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Word count for thls reader:3,45/

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AffiM
lslands
JamesStyring

lntroduction 3
1 Whatls an lsland? 4
2 Volcanic lslands 8
3 Tropicallslands t2
4 Amazing lslandSpecies 16
5 Remote lslands 20
6 Biglslands 24
7 Man-Made lslands 28
8 ProtectingOurlslands 32
Activities 36
Projects 52
Glossary 54
AboutReadandDiscover 56

OXTORD
U N I V E R S I TY PRESS
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.1i(\i'rr llr l\llhl"l.t/.ilI.1il.t 1[l.t)I.\1..1,,(l t.Il\ l (.il!t)rt\/ haveanimalsandptantsthat don'tllve anywhere etse.
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theworld!
around
ibout istands
 l',lrtrttls t'lttt lirt'ttt itt lt lol ol tlillt't't'rtt
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\vcrc vallcys lttrtl trtorttrtltitrs 20'(X)0 /a-^,F-

* <A.

vcrlrs agtl bccltlllc sclls atlcl islatltls.

An islandls a pleceof landwith watera[1aroundit.
Thereare manydifferenttypesof island. Sor-nctimcs,, litltr-rthc tlainlancl ttr
lancl can ll-l()Vca\\,'LlV
lirnn an island. It takes thtlusl-ttlclsof ycars filr islands
to firrm in this waY.

+ z Groonlan^ *'----'- --.

Svatbard -
L c s s t h a n J 0 ' 2 , o f'l i a rth 's wr'
lY 1.- -.
-
a:-
sLlrf:lccis lar-rcl thcrc arc
scvcn cor-rtir-rcnts ancl
N OR TH - - z'
thous a n c l so f i s l a n cl s. -1- ' |r : EURO PE A<r A
ASI
ASIAa
AMERI6A - - i\
stromuori-]ES,'-.^--- nn- ,.Honshu
.-'- I *, - \ - \,--
So m c i s l a n c l sa r c i n th c -,
iN
,\ ! .anary/ \ >^- .4
" \ wr '.. --/.tt{,
nriclcllcof'ar-roccar-r,Llncl -\ I
lslands AFR IC A tlsocotra
-/ .-
./ N e w cu i n e a
''"\'")uunu.tu
\ispaniola | l-- .ldo,n.o-.
' .- .
o t h c rs i l r c n c l l r t h c ||tr -^ ^
,
,/
,/ t/
rvrardivJ^sumatrN:;
:,'-
- ,\
I
'-.i^r
sourH || Anuta
nrain l a n c l .M a n y i sl a n d s ''- nir"r"nii,, lstands Komodo/
, Madagafcar,
^t.Ai^,<.,, ^:Great BanierReef
AU
A U >STR
I K AAL
L A )IASIA
A
a rc s o s n t a l l t h a t yo u ca n 't ,/l \r
_l _M aur it ir is. , . . F, , , */
t-t/
scc thcn-l on this map. / lr
|
-/ Tasmania
, Tristanda cunha NewZeatand

ANTARCTI CA
 Vrlcanocsundcr thc
occancrupt and thc
lava can frlrm volcanic
islands.In 2009, a new
volcanic island forrned
in the PacificOcean.
nearTonga.
Sometimes,wavesmove
the sand ar the bottom of
the ocean to form islands.
In warm oceans,coral grows to
AmazingSpecies
form coral islands.
The animals and plants on some islandsgrow in
Another way is when rivers carry rainwater with small different ways from the specieson the mainland'
piecesof soil, rocks, and plants.\trfhenthe water in a
Some specieslive on only one island and nowhere
river goes slowly, these things in the water fall to the else on Earth.
bottom and they can build up and form islands in the
river. The Mekong River in Asia has a lot of islands Hispaniolan solenodonslive on one island called
Hispaniola, in the Caribbean Sea.Solenodonsare
that are made in this wav.
about 50 centimeterslong. They have a long nose
and they are the only mammal with poison in their
teeth. They use their nose and teeth to hunt insects
and other small animals.
Hispaniolan solenodons lived at the time of the
dinosaurs,65 million years ago!The solenodonsare
now in danger becausepeople are cutting down the
forests where they live, and dogs are hunting them,
too. If we don,t protect them, the last solenodonswill
die and the specieswill become extinct.

) Goto pages36-37for activities.

 Volllcram
lilrcr
lllsllla
rndls
Whenvotcanoes erupt,hotgases,ash,andtavafty
Intothe alr.Whena votcanounderthe oceanerupts,
the watercoolsthe lavaandlt becomesrock.After
lotsof eruptlons,
the tavacanforma vo]canlclstand.

ActiveVolcanic
lslands
There are thousandsof volcanic islands,and some
have active volcanoes.Mount Fuji on Honshu Island
in Japan is an active volcano,but it hasn,t erupted for
more than 300 years.The volcano on Stromboli
Island, in the Mediterranean Sea,erupts about every
two hours! Some of the Canary Islands, in the Atlantic
Ocean, have black beaches.This is becausethe lava
from volcanoesforms a black rock when it cools.The
wind and waveshave changed the rock into sand.
HotRock
The underground rock on volcanic islands is often
very hot. tilflhenunderground water meets hot volcanic
rock, the water boils. Some of the hot water evaporates
into steam, and the steam pushes the hot water up
into the air.when this happens, the hot water is called
a geyser.Iceland is a volcanic island with a lot of
geysers.Iceland is cold, but even in winter, there are
hot water pools where people can swim. Plants grow
well in the warm ground near the geysers.
z+:l7tr

f-tE l
V Birdshaveto keeptheireggswarm.Mostbirds
-sit ontheireggs,butincubatorbirdsonsomevotcanic
-7
ash.
teavetheireggsin warmvotcanic
isl.ands
Alic r v o l t ' l t r r o csct'u l )l o rr i sl a n rl s,thc lnvl cools ar r tl
lirn r r s r o c l < .l l irrl s so n rcti n rcsrl ro p plants ancl scccls
()rt l ( )t l r e r o c k w h cn th cy a rc l l yi n g ( ) vcr .I) lants ctr n
g r() w l ' l c c l r - r sc
th c ro ck co n tl ri n s n rincr als.W hcn tl- r c
p lu n t s r l i c , t h cy fo rm so i l a n cl th cn ln( ) r c plants gr ( ) w.
l)la n t s g r ( ) w v c ry w cl l i n th c l l 'rti l c soil ncar cxtiltct
v o lca n o c so n isl a n cl s.A ftcr th o u sa nds o1' yc:lr s.' big
Iorcsts ciln grow in fL'rtilc volcanic soil. Vllcanic
is la n d s ,l i k c F fo rn co ,S u ma tra , N cw Guinca, ancl
Jcju, havc fcrtilc soil and big frrrcsts.

Rice and tropical fruit grow well on volcanic islands

in hot countrieslike Indonesiaand the Philippines,
and the forestsare full of incredible plants.The
world's biggestflower is the Rafflesiaarnoldii - it
can be I meter wide. It smellshorrible! It grows in
the forestson the island of Sumatra in Indonesia.
There are very big trees on Sumatra, but every year
people cut down more and more trees' and take the
wood. This is a problem becauseone day, there will
be no more big trees in the forests.

Thereareabout17,500islandsin In d o n e si a ,
but peopleliveon onlyabout6,000of them.

ji Goto pages38-39 for activities.

#
Thereare a lot of tropicalislandsnearthe equatorin
the PacificOcean,the Caribbean S e a a, n dth e In d ia n
Ocean.Tropicalislandsare warm andmanyof thern
are madeof corat.

(lor a l l o o k s l i l <ca c.l o rfu l p l a n t, b ut it' s a vcr y snr all

a n i t n a l . M o s t co ra l s l i vc i n w a rm, tropical scawatcr and
whcn thcy dic thcy producc hard skclctons.(lorals gr()w
in largc gr()ups,and millions of coral skclctons form
undcrwatcr rccfs. Wavcs push sand ovcr a rcef
to filrm a crlral island.
Mor c than 1,5( X)c l i l l c r c nt s pc c i c sol 'l r s h atr tl l t l ot
of othcr ani nr al sl i v c i n c or al r c c l .s .'l i opi c al l i s h ar c
all thc coklrs ol'the rlrinbow. Ncar ctlral rccf.sancl
islands,you c an al s tl l i nc l s c a tur tl c s and s tar fl s h.
Box jellyflsh livc around thc (]reat Rarricr Rccf.
They comc from thc same animal family as ctlral,
but they look very different. Their legs are about
3 meters long, but they don't have much color, so
they are hard to see. Box jellyfish are some of the
most poisonous animals on Earth, and you should
never touch them.

TheGreatBarrierReefis nearAustratia.
It'sabout2,500kitometers[ong,andit hasabout
2,900reefsandmorethan600coralislands. lt's
so big that astronauts
canseeit fromspace!
'l'h c r c l r c : r b o rrl
] 0 , 0 0 0 i s l u n tl si rr
t hc l ) l c i l i c ( ) ccu n .
'l'h c c o c o n t r t cra [-l
liv c s o n a l o t o l 'l )a ci l i c
is la n c l s .I t ' s o n c o l 'th c
b ig g c s t l a n c l cra b s o n l l a rth u rrd
it 's v c r y s t r ( ) ng .It ca n ()p c1 1 l l c()c() llLrwith
t its lcgs!
Ba m b o o p l a n ts g r()w ta l l a n d stro ng on many lr acific
is la n d s .P c o p l e ma kc h o u scs fi o m bam boo. M ar r v
p c o p l c a l s o e a t yo u n g b a rn b o o p l a nts.

"#,cq w m
Tr

66ry* F
' \CO/ OnPentecost lslandin
Vanuatu,theyoungmen
ctimbup bamboo towers
that canbe 35 meterstat[.
Thentheydivetowardthe
groundwith ropesaround
theirankles!
The dodo only lived on the island of Mauritius in the
Indian Ocean. Birds usually fly away from danger,but
thousands of years ago there weren't any other animals
on Mauritius that hunted the dodo. The dodo didn't
need to escapeby flying, so it flew lessand lessevery
year.\WhenEuropeanscame in 1507,the dodo wasn't
scaredand it couldn't fly.The Europeans'dogs,rats,
and cats ate all the dodos.The last dodo died by about
1700. and the dodo becameextinct'

Goto pages40-41 for activities.

 4Afinatzlilmr,E
lllslllar
rndl$pxexcrlilers
Somelslands haveamazlng specles of anlmalsand
ptantsthatdon'tllveanywhere else.Mostwlld
anlmals arescared of people,
butsomeanlmalson
lslandsaren'tscaredof anythlng.Doyouknowwhy?

Ko m odols l a n d
The Komodo dragon is the largestlizard on Earth.
It's about 3 meters long. It has strong legs and a long
tail. It only lives on Komodo Island and on three other
small islands in Indonesia.The Komodo dragon can
run and swim fast. It has sharp teeth and it has poison
in its mouth. It eats deer and buffaloes - it even eats
other Komodo dragons.YoungI(omodo dragons have
to live in trees so that the adults can't eat them.
zrrl(t\
A-
NewG u i n e a
New Guinea is a big island in the Pacific Ocean, near
Australia.The forestson this island are very wild, and
there are placesthat people have never visited.
Scientists keep discovering amazing, new specieshere.
There's a kangaroo that lives in trees, and a giant
woolly rat. The woolly rat is as big as a cat and it's the
biggest rat on Earth! Most wild animals run away
from people, but the woolly rat and the tree kangaroo
aren't scared.This is becausethey have never seen
people before, and they don't know that people hunt
some animals.

-\y
'SIOP 0n NewGuinea, have
scientists
alsofounda giantjumpingspider
anda frogwithteethlikeDracuta's!
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:. a5
' l' h c rc lt -c r t t ' r o t r l 1 0 , 0 0 0 s 1 ' r c c i c so l ' p l l t t . t t o n

i\ lu t la g a s c i u ' , i l t r i g i s l a n t l i n t h c I n t l i u r t ( ) c c l t t . i \ { o s t
o l' t h c p lan t s c l o n ' t l i v c a n l ' r . l ' h c r c c l s c . M a c l i r g a s c a r
b a o t -ra bt r c c s a r c h u g c thcv catr gr()\\' 30 r-nctcrstall
and thc1,can livc firr 1,000 r,cars.Sotnctitlcs it clocst't't
l'h c ( i a l a p a u o s Isl a r-rcli trc s i n th c l' ltcific ( ) ccan, l- lcilr ra in f irr nr o n t h s , b u t t l - r cb a o b a b s c a n l i r , c b c c a l r s c t h c y
I jc r - r a c l o r . ' l ' hc
i sl a n tl su rc f a tl o u s tir r tl- r c( ialapagos e re l' u ll ()l \ \ ' l t l c r .
t or t o i s c . ' l ' l - r crca rc i tl p o rta n t cl i ffl rcnccs bctwccn tl- r c
t or t o i s c s o n t hc cl i l 'l 'crcnGa
thc islar-rcls
t l a p a g osIslauds.Sttm c tlf
ilrc clry, and solttc arc rait-tv.-I'he tttrtoiscs
Nrc{
(9U
rhereareabout6o types
on thc clr'l i*l'rr-rcls havc a krng ncck. This helps thctr-t of lemurandtheyonlylive tSr
th-
t o c a t t h c l c a vcso f tre e s.T l i c to rtoises on thc r ainv on Madagascar.
A lemuruses th ,\,'',''
islar-rcls huvc a short ncck bccausc tl-rc5r eat grass atrcl its longtai I to m ov ei n the
ot h c r p l : l n t s o n th e g ro u n cl .'l 'h csccliffer cr - r ccs hclp tr ees,a ndto c om m uni c ate
scientists to unclcrstlrnclhou' atriuralsha'n'cgr()\\'tl with otherl em ur s .
c lil l c r c r - r t l ivn d i fl crcn t p l a ccs. ,"w€
's- t* ",', ?,
"1,*
'- rdi6.,r**,.
Goto pages42-43 f o r a c t i v i t i e s .
tl"l|r
u \',,

It canbe hardto ilveon istandsthat areveryfar frorn
the malnland.Onsomeremoteislands, life hasn't
changedfor thousands of years.
Anuta is a very remote island in the middle of the
PacificOcean.About 250 people live on Anuta.
They don't use money and they shareeverything.
The weather is hot, so fruit like coconuts, papayas,
and bananasgrow well, but the island is tiny.
Sometimesthe people can't grow enough food, so
they sail to another island where they have a garden!
' ll' istlr r tll t ( l r r r r hl i s ol r c ol 'tl tc n'l ( ) s tt'c nl ( ) l ci s l tr r r r l s
on l:ur th. It's i r r thc r r r i r l tl l col 'thc Atl unti c ( ) c c un.
' l' lr c wclthc r i s n't c ol tl , l 'r ut thc Atl nnti c w i nc l s nr c
str ( ) ng.' l' hc r cl l r c a l ot ol '( ) c c l r ) l 'l i r tl s ,l i l <cl l l 'l atr '( ) s s c s
atr r l pcng ui ns .
About 30 0 pc opl c l i v c on'l l 'i s tur r r l l ( l tr r r hu,and thc y
shar c only c i ght fhm i l y nr .l nr c s .'l 'hc yar c thc l i r nr i l i c s
of' thc pcopl c w ho c antc to thc i s l and i n l ftl ( r .'l 'hc y
spcak lJngl i s h.M os t pc opl c ur c fi r r m c r s ( ) r l i s hc r nr c n.
Thcr c isn't an ai r por t, and s hi ps onl y v i s i t a fc w ti nr c s
cvcry ycar. In thc past, it was hard to communicatc
with the rest of thc wrlrld, but now pcoplc havc
tclephones and the Intcrnct.
l ' ) r str .'r 'lsllr r r tlis irr tlrc Itlcil'ie ()cclrr . j, 5 o o liilo rrrc rc rs
l i ' o nr ( l l r i l t', i n S otrtlr A rrrclicl. ()rrc c , it lrlt l b ig lirrc s t s
l t t t t l tr l ot o l'b irtls.'l'ltcrr nt()l'c thln I , 0 0 0 v c lrr-s: . rg o r
p c op lc clln r c l o tlrc isllntl in clnocs. ' l' h c y b rrilt lirrrrrs
l u t t l t( ) w ns, l ntl lirr huntlrccls ol'yclr rs , t lrc V c r. rt c lo rv n : r
I o l ol'lilr cst tr c cs to tturl<chouscs, bo lt s , lrrt l llrc wo o rl.
A l l o u t 2 0 0 ycars llg(), thcv crrt tlown t h c la s t t rc c .
\ W i th o r - r two o cl, thcy cotrlcln't rtrakc llrc s o r
b u ilc l
I t o u se s.,a n cl lilL' was harcl. A lot of'th c [ rirc ls a n c l
anit-uals cliccl.,uncl rnost ot'thc pcoplc lcft Iiastcr Islancl.
ffi
Socotr a is an i s l and i n thc Inc l i an Oc c an, nc ar
Somalia. It's v c r y dr y . Spi dc r s and r c pti l c s l i k c s nak es ,
lizards, and chamclcclns livc thcrc. Chamclcons have
Peopteon Easter
hard skin and somc can changc ctllor frtlm grcen to
lslandmadebigstatues
pink, blue, red, orange, green, black, brtlwn, or yellow!
with big heads.
Theyare
madeof volcanicrock. On Socotra thcrc are 800 specics of plant, and 30(Xrtlf
them don't live anywhere else.The Ancient Romans
went to Socotra 2,000 years ago to collect the special
red juice from inside the dragon's blood trce.Thcy
used the juice as a medicine.

ffi4r)-
-Vy A chameleon'seyescan
places
tookin twodifferent
at thesametime.

Goto pages44-45for activities.

 -a
o

lsla n d sin th e m i ddteof the oceansare often small.

The biggestislandsare a[[ neara c on t in e n tW
. h a t b iq , '"" lt:hl.
',' ,",,&6n,
islandsdo you know?

'l'lris
1 ' r i c t r u '.cl ' l 'l l rth sh o w s th c ci g lr t biggest islantls.
(ir-c c n l u n r li s t hc t-ri g g cst i sl a n tl - i t's r tr or c than
2 nri l l i . n s q L l a rcki l o n rctcrs (kn rr). Sonr c big islar - r ds,
lil< cM a c l t g u s c a r,:-l rcc()u l ttri cs.()th cr s ar c par t ol' a
big g c r c ( ) u n t r y, l i l r cxa n tp l c.,l l a l l rrr Islar r clis par t of
(la r- r a c l aS. o n r c i sl a n d s,l i kc H o n sh u , havc kr ts of
p c o p l c . ( ) t h e r isl a n cl s,l i kc N cw Gu i nca, don' t havc
many pcoplc, but thcy havc amazing plants and animals.
(it ' c e rrllrrrtl i s t l r r t ' t ' t i t t r t ' s l r i r l q r ' r l l t : t t t : t 1 1 1 ' o l l r r ' ri s l l r t t r l .
I t is rr' l g rc c l l it's rtt,rstlt'u'ltitt' rvitlr r,,' :rtt(l sll()\\'.
' l' h c rc lt rc l l l t t t o s t t t t t l l ' c c s : t l ) t l o t t l \ ' : t l r r t t l l ' ' r ' r . ( ) ( ) ( )
1 -rc o lt lcliv c t h c r c . A b o u t l ' i 0 ' l i , t t l ' t l t c p e o p l c r t t t ' l t t t t i l .
Ma r-ry I n r, r i t p c o p l c h u t r t a t r r l c a t l i s h l r t r l s c r t l s .
A lo t o f t l-r ca n i m a l s a r e w h i t c , l i k c t h c A r c t i c l i r x , s o
o t h c r a n irn a l s c A n ' t s c c t h c l t t i r - rt h c s n o w . ' l ' h c b i g g e s t
a n ima ls h e r e a r c t h c p o l a r b c a r s . ' I - h c y h a v c h r - r g el ) r l w s
so they can walk casily on the snow.Thcy can rlttr l:.tst
a n d t h e y c an s w i m m o r c t h a n 1 0 0 k i l o m c t c r s . I n w i n t c r ,
they hunt seals. In sutnmcr, thcy don't eat vcry tnttch.

ffi
*QJ
Potarbearsdon'thave
a - ',
wh it es k i n T
! h e iw
r h i te
fur is about5 centimeters
thick,buttheyhavebtack
s k in T
. he i b
r ta ckski n
helpsthemto staywarm.
 'lirsrrltttilt :'ottllt
is :t lrtr'. t:'l:tn,l ;llrotll .l l() liilolll('l('l'\
{'\
tv'V3gfr".21 ol' lltt' tttltittl:ttttl,rl,'\ttslt lrli:t
'l'lrt"lirsttlrrtilrtt rlt'r'tl ,rnlt lir..'s,ttt'litsttrtttilt. lt's tlrt'
slu)1e sizr' lts :r snlirll tloq rttttl tt ll('tt ll \ \(:tt'r'tl, il tttttl<t's
lr ltorlilrlt' stttcll!'l'lte lotrq ltillt s llt'\t lt' ils It(t\(' lrt'l1r rt
Io ltttttl lirr lirotl lrt tttt'.ltl.ll lt:t:,:t sll.o11q ttl()tttlt:ttttl
sltltt'1t tt'r'llt lirt't';tlllu', tlt(':tl. Il", tt,rt:'\'rvltt'tt il t';tts! Its
liri'olitt'lirot l is tlrt'\\'olltlr:tl ;lll;tlttttt:tl llt:tt t,ttlt ltrt's
in Arrstllllsilt.

Mos t o l ' N c r v Z ca l u r-rdi s [\\,o tri {-Ii slar ]tlscallcd thc

t"aa*l
No r t l i I s l u n t l an cl th c S o trth Isl a n tl .' l' hc islanclsar c
v c rv c l i l l L ' r c n t1i " ()l tr
ca ch o th cr.'l 'h c Soutl- rIslar - r cl
a lo t o l ' b i g n r o u n ta i n s i t cvcn h a s somc glacicr s.
has h'i
'l'lrc 1,onl ol'tltc 1?rrg.s
S o u t h I s l a r - r cl .'l 'hN
nrovics wcrc frln-rccl()lt thc
c o rth Isl i rn cli s volcanic, witl- r
Pfrf
g c y s c r sa n c l h ot \\'u tcr p o o l s. P e o p l c havc livccl on
tl -rci sl a r-rclfisrr a b o u t I,200 Vcar s.
T h rcc o f N cw Zcaland' s bir ds F
can't fly.'l'l-rclnost famous
o f th c sc bir ds is thc kiwi.
'l 'hc hcaviestinscct
v,
Yf
$
{--

l.r
on E,arth, thc giant
I
.}t
wcta' also livcs in dev i Ithat
A T as m ani an
Ne' nvZealand. of meatat onetime.
caneat2 kitograms
I

activities.
'1
 *,11,

^^*-'-;"_:
Solnepartsof the world are very busyand there isn't
enoughlandfor everyone. That'swhy peoplesometimes
buitdnew istandsfor farms,homes,stores,and airports.

I
I
rl
t
I ' l' h c I n t lul p c o p l c l i v e t r v l r t l e [ . l t l < c r l r l ] t r r r r t : t . ' l ' l t t ' t t

J h o t rs c s llr e ( ) n \ \ ' o o r l e n s t i l t s t l r l t t q o l l l t ( ) t l t e r t : t l r ' t ' o l

t h c llk c . ' l' h c l ' tnul<c lloltting isllttrtlsu'ith rcctls. rt l\'pe
o l' t l-ric k gr : . l s s\.\ ' h c n t l t e r c c t l s u t ' c d r \ ' . t h c l ' l l r ) l l ( ) r )
t h c wa t c r. ( ) r - r t h c i s l a n c l s , t l - r c I l t t h a p c o p l c g f ( ) \ \ ' I ' l e e
a t -rcvl c g c ta b l c s . ' l ' l - r c v l l l s t t s t t l i s l i i r l g i n t h c l a k e l i r r - t l r e
trsl-rthat livc ur-rc'lcrthc islunrls.

So n r c t i n r c s1 ' rc.p l cb tri l rl ci ti cs o n nr lln- nr acicislar - r c1s.

()c l a i b a I s l a n ri i s i n 'l o l <vo Il a v i n .fapar - rIr
. ' uvasbuilt
lub o u t I 5 0 v c a rs i -l l j ()s() th a t p co l -rlccoulcl stop
ry lntham en us ethei r
legsto row thei rboats .
r-rr - r l i i c r - r cs lhl vi l -l sco n ri n g to 'l i rl <yo .Iir onr about l9c) 0,
p c o p l c b r . r i l tsto rcs.,rcsta u ra n ts., p a r ks.,ancl apar tn' r cnts
on ( ) c l a i b a I s la n cl .'l i rcl a 'uOcl,' a i l -raIslanclis a btr sl,ir ar t
ol" l i r l < l , o ( l i n ' .
 I rrr' lrc o lt lt t l e t ' n l l i o t u t l A i t ' p o l ' t i r r S o t t l l t l r . o l t ' l r i s b t r i l t
()n lt n lllt t -tt u t t l c i s l l r r t t l b c t r r ' e c t t l \ \ ' ( ) l l l l l t t t ' l t l i s l l t l t t l s .
I t t c lt c 6 t t is 6 t t e t r l ' t l r c l r t t s i t ' s l l t i t ' 1 ' r 9 t ' t isr l t l t e r y o t ' l t l , l l t t l
il wls rt ' l llr c l i l ' s t l t i r ' 1 r r ) t '(l) l l i l t l l l t t ) - t t t l t t l t ' i s l l t r r t l . ' l r , v o
(lh irrc s c lt it ' l t o r t s l t n t l l i v c . fl t l l l t t t c s c l t i t ' 1 l o t ' t sl l l ' c l l t r i l t
()n n t a lt -lt ut t l c i s l l t l t t l s , l o o . ' l ' l r t ' l i r s t r t ' l t s I ( l t t l s l t i
I t rt c rt ra t io n l l A i r ' p o r l i t t . fl t p l t t r .

A irl-rrlrt s : t t' c o l ' l c r r b t r i l t o t t i s l r t t t t l s l r , . ' t ' l t r t s t ' l l l c t ' ci s t r ' l

c n ()L rg h la tr c l I t c u t - l t i g c i t i c s . A i r ' p o t ' l i s l l t t t t l s l t l ' c b i g
a b o u t 4 k il o n r c L c r s l o t t g . ' l ' l t c V l t t ' c o l i c l l c ( ) l l l l c c ' l c t l t o
t h c ma in la nc l b y l o r - r gb r i c l g c s . ' l ' h c t r r i d g c l i ' o t t l l t l c l t c o t r
t o t h c u -ra i n l a n c li s u r t l r c t h a n 2 0 k i l o m c L c r s l o l t g .

In l)ubai in thc Unitcd Arab Emiratcs,rourists

likc thc clcar bluc ocean.,with prctty tropical
flsh and coral. Thc land is vcry dry and sandy,
and thcrc arcn't enough bcaches,so people
havc built islands in the ocean.The first
area o f m a n - ma d c i sl a n d s w a s P a l m
J u m c i r a h . I t h a s h o tcl s, sto rcs,a n d
rh o u s a n d so f h o mcs.

#%
(:JQJ
rhe BurjAt Arabin Dubaiis
oneof the ta[[esthotelsin the
wortd- it's 321meterstatt.lt
lookstikethe saiIof a boatandit's
+
builton a sma[[man-made island. <D
Gt.-J
Goto pages48-49 for activities.
Earth's islandshaveamazing animalsandptants,but
life on istandsis oftenin danger.Species
can become
extinct,andsomeistandscouldevendisappear, soit,s
importantto protectour istands.
()u r c a r s , f a c to ri cs,a n d p ()w cr sta tions pr oducc
too many gascslikc carbon dioxidc. Earth is gctting
warmcr bccausc thcrc's too much carbon dioxide in
the air.'l'his is callcd global warming. Global warming
means that there are more storms and rain. More ice is
melting in the Arctic and the Antarctic, so the sea level
is getting higher, and some islands are disappearing.
A few islands between India and Bangladesh have
already disappearedunderwarer.
Somc islandsin thc Pacilic()ccau will protrlbly
disappcarin 100 ycars if wc don't slow clowtrglotral
warming. Some of thc Maldive Islandsin thc Inclian
Ocean will probably disappearsooner.Most o1'thc
land is lessthan 2 metersabovesealevel.
'Wecan try to slow down global warming by making
less carbon dioxide.\7e can drive and fly less,and we
can use cleanercars.'Weshould use lesscoal and oil
to make electricity.There are cleanerways of making
electricity.
I ro hetpthe Mal.dive
lslands,peoplearedesigning
newislands andtownsthat
won't
float!Theseistands
disappearundenvater.
ii,.i
D is a p p e a r i nSgp e c i e s
Global warming is changing life on islands.When
the sealevel gets higher, some speciesdon't have
a place to live. Storms and floods can kill plants and
animals. Coral dies when seawatergets too warm.
Thousands of specieslive around coral reefs,but
they can't live there if the coral is dead.\U7ecan help
specieson islandsby slowing down global warming.
\flhen too many tourists visit small islands, it's
sometimesbad for plant and animal life.\7e can lslands Earth
ThatAreProtecting
protect specialislandsby making them a The Svalbard Islands are in the Arctic Ocean.
conservationarea.The islands in this photo are Global warming probably won't melt Svalbard's
a conservationarea inThailand.They are a safe ice, and its high mountains probably won't disappear
place for plants and animals to live. underwater. This is why scientists from Norway
built the Svalbard Global SeedVault there in 2008.
It's a place where they will store an example of each
of Earth's 1.5 million seeds.A plant could disappear
because of global warming or a natural disaster,but
it won't become extinct.That's becausepeople can
grow another plant from the seedsin the Glclbal
SeedVault.

TheGtobat Seed
Vaultis insidea rocky
mountain at theendof
a longtunnet. Mostseedswlll stayfreshat mlnus
18 degrees for20,000yearsl
centigrade

) Goto pages
50-51foractlvltles.