| | Finely , we : tbe wave og we. /d? de de > whe VE (it & ‘Ble Motice Hut phis eu will Le tue fer all 3 Vector component s of the electric field e= (Ey Vy, &) why do we call thss the wave Gu? Because the solatims ave waves Consider E, = Ey sim Ze(e - yb) ] This describes a wave with wavelength a, teaveling in the 2- divectim with speed Vz [I— >» —>l Lets Confivn Hot this 76 a Solin fo He wave an. S| @ Ve, = ae, Vex Ag ? (& f tip Go Cle ut) ]) eae Bes sinf 2 (a-ut ) By: Set (2) snl 2 (2-48) = by Eo (2x4) sinf SE (2-44)] Divide Both sides by ~64 (2) sin(2 (248) ] 7 [= 4,6.V2" Therefore , we Cd “Yak Hoa wave egu is Sdved (by our trial wave, provided Hat Veer rs! Remember! Me 4 wow Found by Measuvi forces in He lab duc Ww ages aud Ccuvvent 5, A, W2B EG Hin f% 5,95 6-129 > vet U4F 3 We whieh is also He speed of ligt| @® Ve have shimm how light and electromagnetism were unified. We have also Gund one solution fo the wave oe. Ey = Ey snl (2 -v4)]. this is allel a plane wave, Since #he Sola fiom as wo x or y dependence, the evests of the wave fovm planes iw Kady, at mouiny jped, c. z t Ne ; ch Chow ave ny otler Solutions er) the wave eft. Many ave much wove complicad ol and hwe simul daneons deprndeace mM %y,4 Zz. still , His plow. wave solution is very veluegle bo agporimnade Fells which vavy slowly in x Fy. We will cover ofter Solutims fe He wave on, lout first, remember that ou devivatim of tle Wave e4ny Assumed no charges aud /ov cuvvent 5 of any Kind. Tlowfore, we fonnd He vaca Solution.| Macvo Scopil Mex wells Egu s OF course, one of our main goals is fo P beyond the vacuum Solutions and undevstond how light propaga tes in matevials, Also, how com light be wanipulided by mateviels? This is Ye basis of what we all “ptics;’ which incluge lenses, prisms, ete. Unfov tanetel y, this umekes our task mach harder! Nonzevo J, #0 coull take on nearly any Function form awl conll be time- depordiud, the wath cult be very diffe, At the bame Fine, we Know From abrmi thiery thal p will vary wildly at atomic leugth seal. tlowever, if we first vested ow discassim to diclehie mateviad, such as optial pss, amd if we are conteat to average over micvoscopit variations, thm we cul astimwh thet T= (since dielectric charges don'} move ss at [east wot vevy mur) and p29 (since the + amd - chars ave balanced). We would Hen vecover the vacuum wave gn, This is vot 400 far off, but our jour apprexi wat ions also eliminated the intevesting physics,or) | | eo Therefre, we must acknouledye- that charges move in dielectrics... just vot vevy mah, Consider a block of dielectric in an eledvic Field, Each vive com be thought of om atom, The electron clowd gets distorted by the ayplil Fell. Now, whin we auvevage ovev mnicvoscopic leugl Scale, if sfil looks like positive charg is on Ye toy of pe block amd negahive day © 15 on bottom. (he amomt that the charges ane sepan ated by is Hae “polarization,” P. Notice Hat B only cvéntes whet looks like veal” charge if it changes ~ like af the edge of the blo, Also, Gf the pelavitesion chang 08 with time, if will appenn 45 Haouph a Cowen Flows, With this we find e eae eee ree For a dieledvic with no “olan” average, fyee charges, :| | Lusecting this info Maxwells gas gives: i) ¥-B=0 2D WE ay UP 3,22 ab dP dé 3) Vee = =e 4) VKB = oy HF + ale, HE 2 Now B amd E lave very simile bebaviov in those ons. Therfre we define. B= eB +B amd we assume the veltimship between P awd aa Aincar Be coXE Bs Et, (147) > Ds ae ie £2 (14%) With Yhis substituhms we find )iB=0 2) 1-0 4x¢--44 ad = a, 8 3) VxE= aE 4) YxB = Me ir Ow i) 7 2) ¥-(« »t,£) 20 1) ted = ace, de oy at Looking lawl we See bat the only di flevence between Ye vacunm egus is Het 4, t,.E) 4 8 = xt MS oo| (9 flevetore, Ha wave Ga is Mow = = te ve Ve = Mobo br “Tye TE we insert our plane wave Solution, given 4 Ey = Ec sin ( om (z-ut)) we Vow Pome v.27 chew a & Pane Ie We Lod phe unain vesult Lat the speed of the wave hamyes in the unadevnd (usually lower), This is given by TB buf oy Convention we set wc Ver whre wis He “index of refraction” A geost deal of optits is anders tol ing hour phe inte ov He chang ¢ of Heinle can be used to yuanip alae light. For bypisl pass ns [.5 A word of warning. We infvodeced p into Maxwell 24s hut we ign oved free ince cnvveds amd wagucdiookion, henfre we ome only looking at wateiala hun those otter effets cam he ignored,a | Plane Wave solutions. So Far, ouv plue- wave soltim took the fovm ee Eg sin (2 (z-vé) +¢) : This desevibes a wave with’ Arnglitede : A, Waveleaghh: sped iv Divedio : 2 Polavizatim > x (san fow hunatel, doe none pluse 1 @ polarization is used twice... (st to er Also for 8) 8 | Solution above) Now wany of thaw guemtifies cam vary. aan still provide solutions fb He ware ga. : Amplitade The aunng [itn is oF Fectivel av bitvang aan " vavies by many, uneny ovdes of vay ai hee in Common lab - based e tpecimonds Wavelength Also varies by many man y ovdess of magn if £20 Radio waves to Camera —yrays |ped For light , wust be 294 292 458 “he in vacuum, Materiel will cleevease tys eed. OF course sound ¢ Olea waves ave awa, slower. Iu any lak , He speed is mh more vestivted Por a wave (as compared to pe arp life, ov wavelength, Direction of pep yatina In principle , lighst mM dvauel in any divection. The form of our Solution Need sate change to accoumt For this. Polarization Ln principle, the polavitutim cam be im ang divecti , However, the polarization is restited to be ev pendituben. to He dice Aion of prog id A vesubf we will show later. Plate Avbitawy, loc ol 0-2n unig ur