When used to mean during the time that, at the same time as or although, the words whilst

and while can be used interchangeably. If you want to play it safe though, use while.

While or Whilst
Most Americans find whilst quaint, old-fashioned, or literary. Most Brits, on the other hand,
will swap happily between while and whilst, although some Brits also find whilst a little
outdated.

Some grammarians engaged in the while-whilst debate claim that, in the meaning during the
time that or at the same time as, whilst should be used for a short period of time, and while
should be used for a longer period of time.

Building on this idea, some claim that whilst is like when, and while is like during. Some try
to formalise this idea a little more, stating that while should be used with the past progressive
tense. I'm not going to offer examples because these ideas are not well supported.

The bottom line is while and whilst are interchangeable (if you can live with the risk that
some of your readers might find whilst a little pretentious).

Of course, while and whilst can also mean although. Some claim that, in this meaning, only
while can be used. But, you will also hear it said that only whilst can be used in this role.
Again, neither of these rules is well supported, and while and whilst are interchangeable in
this meaning too.

The final advice: If you're unsure which to use, choose "while" (especially if you're an
American).

While As a Noun or Verb

While and whilst are not always interchangeable. They are only interchangeable when they
are used as conjunctions (i.e., in the meanings outlined above). While can also be a noun or a
verb. Whilst cannot. As a noun, while means a period of time. As a verb, it means to pass
time (usually at a leisurely pace). For example:

 I lived there for a while. (while as a noun)

 She used to while away the hours in the meadow. (while as a verb)

IT'S DIFFERENT FOR AMERICANS, AUSTRALIANS, BRITS, AND CANADIANS

Canadians and Americans, use while unless you're trying to add a sense of the old fashioned.

Brits and Australians, use whichever one you want, but if you need to play it safe, use while
unless you deliberately want to add a sense of the old fashioned.