ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

Tbilisi. 2011

naTia fifia

evsevi kesarielisa da ipolite romaelis cnobebi I-II

saukuneebis dasavleT saqarTvelos eTnopolitikuri
istoriis Sesaxeb

III-IV ss. dasavluri wyaroebis informacia Savi

zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiros Sesaxeb, erTi SexedviT,
mxolod mwignobrul tradicias eyrdnoba. Cvens naSrom-
Si ganvixilavT evsevi kesarielisa da ipolite romae-
lis cnobebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom maTi informacia sa-
qarTvelos Sesaxeb mwiria da, erTi SexedviT, zedapi-
rul xasiaTs atarebs, rac TiTqos ganpirobebuli unda
iyos imiT, rom isini dasavlur qarTul eTnopolitikur
koniunqturas mxolod werilobiT icnoben, Cveni azriT,
maTi cnobebi mainc asaxavs maT Tanadroul viTarebas
da ara wina saukuneebSi arsebul viTarebas.
evsevis cnobiT: `kapadokiis gadaRma... marcxniT
arian skviTebi, kolxebi da bosporanebi, agreTve sanebi,
romelTac sanigebi ewodebaT da romlebic vrcelde-
bian pontomde, sadac aris banaki afsarosi, sebastopo-
lisi da mdinare fazisi, vidre trapezuntamde gadaWi-
muli arian es tomebi~ [Eusebius, Chronica Minora I, 216-219].1

1 georgika, bizantieli mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb.

berZnuli teqsti qarTuli TargmaniT gamosces da ganmartebebi
daurTes al. gamyreliZem da s. yauxCiSvilma. t. I. Tb. 1961, gv. 32.
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 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

ipolite romaeli wers: savnebi, egreTwodebuli sa-

nigebi... gadaWimuli arian pontomde, im adgilamde sa-
dac aris afsarosi (da sebastopoli) da hisos navsad-
guri da md. fasidi [Hippolytus, Chronica, 233].2
kolxebTan dakavSirebiT amjerad ar gavamaxvilebT
yuradRebas, vaxsenebT mxolod sanigebs. sanigebi pir-
velad pliniusTan ixsenieba [Plin. NH, VI, 14].3 pliniusi,
rogorc mogvianebiT ariane, sanigebs sebastopolisis
miwaze mcxovreblebad Tvlis. Tumca, SesaZloa, pirveli
moxsenieba memnon herakleels ukavSirdebodes, (Tavad
memnonis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis TariRi sadavoa is-
toriografiaSi) miTridates omebTan dakavSirebiT, is-
torikosi erTad ixseniebs sanegebs da lazebs. anonim-
Tan (V s.) sanigebi cxovroben md. aqeuntidan md. abaskam-
de (fsou, bzifi an mZimTa). radgan wyaroebSi henioxebis
Canacvleba xdeba sanigebiT, SesaZloa sanigebi warmoad-
gendnen henioxTa erT-erT tomTagans, romelic yvelaze
metad gaZlierda da gabatonda aq mcxovreb danarCen he-
niox tomebze, gaavrcela ra am ukanasknelebze Tavisi
satomo saxeli.
evsevi kesarielisTvis sanebi igive sanigebi arian.
ipolite romaelisTvis, savnebi arian igive sanigebi. Cve-
ni azriT, sanigebis igive savnebad moxsenieba ar aris
sakmarisi argumenti imis samtkiceblad, rom eseni svane-
bi arian, miT umetes, rom evsevisTan, romlis informa-
cia ipolite romaelis informacias Zalian hgavs, sani-
gebi igive sanebi (anu Wanebi) arian.4 aRsaniSnavia, rom
is mkvlevarebi, romlebic sanigebs svanebTan aigiveben,
2 georgika, bizantieli avtorebis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. t.
I, gv. 20.
3 В. В. Латышев, Scytica et Caucasica. Вестник Древней Истории. 1949. №2, gv. 290.
4 georgika, bizantieli avtorebis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. t.
I, gv. 32.
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 naTia fifia. evsevi kesarielisa da ipolite romaelis cnobebi I-II ss-is
dasavleT saqarTvelos eTnopolitikuri istoriis Sesaxeb

ZiriTadad am wyaros eyrdnobian.

am sanebis qveS evsevi gulisxmobs samxreTis sanebs,
igive Wanebs, (radgan afsarosTan ixseniebs), oRond sa-
nigebTan maTi dakavSirebiT realurad is Crdiloel sa-
nigebs (henioxebs) eTnikurad ukavSirebs samxreTel sa-
nebs (Wanebs). henioxebi da sanigebi erTi da igive tomia,
amaze Cven sxva naSromSi gvqonda saubari.5 sainteresoa,
rom henioxebi or regionSi ixseniebian, samxreTSi da
Crdilo-dasavleT saqarTveloSi, evsevis cnobidan ga-
modis, rom is sanigebs samxreTSi gulisxmobs, maSin
rodesac sanigebi yovelTvis moxseniebuli arian Crdi-
lo-dasavleT saqarTveloSi.
sanigebi, romelTac pirvelad pliniusi an memnoni
ixseniebs, henioxTa gverdiT moixseniebian Tavidan, mag-
ram ax. w. II saukunis damdegisTvis mravali wvrili to-
mis Semcveli henioxTa gaerTianeba (iseve, rogorc es sa-
xelwodeba) qreba wyaroebSi da maT adgils sanigTa sam-
Tavro ikavebs, romelic iseve rogorc henioxTa satomo
kavSirebi, vrcel teritorias moicavda. arianes (II s.)
gadmocemiT, maT miwa-wyalze mdebareobda q. sebastopo-
lisi (dRev. soxumi), dasavleTiT ki igi md. aqeunts
(dRev. Saxe) aRwevda.6
evsevisTan sanebi vrceldebian afsarosamde, amitom
safiqrebelia, rom makron-henioxTa samefo swored rom

5 n. fifia, dasavleT da samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos terito-

riaze mosaxle zogierT tomTa (henioxebi, sanigebi) eTnikuri
kuTvnilebis sakiTxisTvis. istoriisa da eTnologiis institutis
Sromebi. VIII. Tb. 2008.
6 ix. georgika. bizantieli avtorebis cnobebis saqarTvelos Sesa-
xeb. berZnuli teqsti qarTuli TargmaniTurT gamosca da ganmarte-
bebi daurTo simon yauxCiSvilma. t. II. Tb. 1965, gv. 159; m. inaZe, Zve-
li afxazeTis eTnopolitikuri istoriis sakiTxebi, saqarTvelos
mecnierebaTa akademiis macne. istoriis, arqeologiis, eTnologiisa
da xelovnebaTmcodneobis seria. # 2. 1992, gv. 45.
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 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

afsarosamde vrceldeboda. amasTan aRsaniSnavia, rom

SesaZloa Zidritebis saxeli wyaroebidan imitom gaqra,
rom maTze gavrcelda sanebis eTnonimi, radgan Zidri-
tebis teritoriaze gaZlierda Wanuri tomebis gavlena.
amrigad, mxolod evsevis cnoba sanebis afsarosamde mo-
saxleobis Sesaxeb ver gamodgeba imis samtkiceblad,
rom Zidritebis teritoria II saukuneSi afsarosidan
iwyeboda da qobuleT-aWaris mxareebs moicavda. SesaZ-
loa, Zidritebi afsarosis samxreT-dasavleTiT mosax-
leobdnen da Semdgom maTze sanebis saxeli gavrcelda.
sainteresoa Tavad is faqti, rom ipolite romaeli
da evsevi kesarieli dasavleT saqarTveloSi Savi
zRvis sanapiros gaswvris sebastopolidan trapezuntam-
de ixsenieben mxolod kolxebs da sanigebs (igive sa-
nebs an henioxebs). saerTod ar ixseniebian arc lazebi,
arc afSil-abazgebi. es, erTi mxriv, SeiZleba aixsnas
lazebsa da maT daqvemdebarebul afSil-abazgebze da-
savleT saqarTveloSi ZvelTaganve berZnuli wyaroebis-
Tvis cnobili kolxebis tomis saxelis gavrcelebiT
mTel dasavlur qarTul mosaxleobaze, xolo, meore
mxriv, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom es cnoba adreuli viTare-
bis amsaxvelia da gulisxmobs afSil-abazgebis da la-
zebis Camosaxlebis winare xanas. es wyaroebi TiTqos
mxolod mwignobrul tradicias eyrdnobian da amdenad,
arc aris mosalodneli maTTan am tomebis moxsenieba.
erTi SexedviT, am or wyarosTan SedarebiT, ufro
sando wyaroebad gamoiyurebian ptolemaiosi da fla-
vius ariane. miuxedavad imisa, rom evsevi kesarieli da
ipolite romaeli ufro mogviano xanaSi werdnen, is
faqti, rom maT Tavisi Tanadrouli viTareba aRweres,
erTi SexedviT ar mtkicdeba, marTalia, ar aris safiq-
rebeli am regionSi raime xelaxali eTnikuri cvlile-
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 naTia fifia. evsevi kesarielisa da ipolite romaelis cnobebi I-II ss-is
dasavleT saqarTvelos eTnopolitikuri istoriis Sesaxeb

ba. rogorc mogviano xanis wyaroebiT (prokofi, agaTia

sqolastikosi) dasturdeba, is eTnopolitikuri situa-
cia, romelic I-II ss-Si Seiqmna, Semdeg saukuneebSic Se-
narCunebula da eTnikuri ruka iseve gamoiyureba, ro-
gorc arianes da ptolemaiosis dros. memnonis cnoba
hgavs, garkveulwilad, evsevis da ipolites cnobas, Tu
memnonis lazebis qveS vigulisxmebT ipolites da evse-
vis kolxebs, da es asec unda iyos, maSin gamodis, rom
memnonTanac sanigebis da lazebis saxeli faravs sxva
danarCenebis saxels, evsevisTan da ipolitesTan ki _
kolxebis da sanigebis.
ipolite romaelma da evsevi kesarielma araferi
ician abazgebis sanapiroze mosaxleobis Sesaxeb afSi-
lebsa da sanigebs Soris sebastopol-cxumamde, garda
amisa, ar arsebobs raime pirdapiri werilobiTi wyaro,
romelic pirdapir aRniSnavdes sanigebis miwa-wyalze
abazgebis mTlianad da afSilebis nawilis gadasvlas
da iq damkvidrebas. ar momxdara araviTari san-sanigebis
gadaadgileba TavianTi sacxovrisidan. III saukuneSic
isini TavianT Zvel samosaxloze cxovrobdnen, razedac
TavianTi droisTvis miuTiTebdnen pliniusi da fla-
vius ariane. V saukunis anonimi sebastopolidan pitiun-
tamde ar icnobs sxva eTnoss, garda sanigebisa, romle-
bic, misive gadmocemiT, V saukuneSi moqceuli unda iyv-
nen kolxeTis anu lazikis samefoSi.
amrigad, is faqti, rom ipolite romaelma da evsevi
kesarielma, erTi SexedviT, araferi ician I-II ss-is eT-
nopolitikuri Zvrebis Sesaxeb, ar niSnavs, rom isini
Tavis Tanadroul viTarebas ar aRweren, aramed imas,
rom sanigebis saxeli faravs sxva tomTa saxelebs, af-
Silebis, abazgebis, aseve sxva wvrili tomebis, xolo
eTnonimi kolxi maTTan faravs lazebs da, SesaZloa,
samxreTis sanebsac.
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 saqarTvelos istoriis institutis Sromebi. I

Natia Phiphia

EUSEBIUS OF CAESAREA AND HIPPOLYTUS OF ROME

ABOUT ETHNOPOLITICAL HISTORY OF WESTERN
GEORGIA IN THE 1ST - 2ND CENTURIES

Summary

The Western sources of 3rd - 4th cc. about the Black Sea eastern
littoral at a glance seem to be based on literary tradition. In our work we
discuss information of Eusebius of Caesarea and Hippolytus of Rome.
The fact that Eusebius and Hippolytus at a glance know nothing about
ethnopolitical changes that happened on the verge of eras, does not mean,
that they really did not know this situation. It simply means that the name
„Sanigi“ covered the name of other tribes, for example „Apsiloi“,
„Abasgi“ etc. and ethnonym „Kolkhi“ covered name „Lazi“ and perhaps,
name „Sani“ (i.e. southern Sani) too.

60