ACADEMY PC teeta OLGR'7 Guided Tour and Exercises FS. VAD nar GRouPSPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA ~ GUIDED TOUR Date of print: 19" Now 2011 1. GUIDED TOUR This exercise will ude you through the actions required to create and run a simple two-phase flow transient pipe simulation using OLGA in a step by step manner. We shall stat from a basic case since hardly anyone needs to Build a case from absolule scratch, gS (On starting OLGA7 by double clicking the graphical user interface (GUI) wil appecr. 2. CREATE ACASE With OLGA you may work witha single simulation casein the GUI or you may gather several cases under a common Project In this course you will work inthe predefined folder on fe C-drive wh You just stored the fles from the USB stick Click Srowse sind Toate and select the folder: CAFA with OLGA 7 To Students\FA Exercises OLGA 7 ‘Tour ‘Then be sure to select the Basic Case (st onthe carousel) and then clk Creabe dynamic sSPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA GUIDED TOUR. “This wil create complete cose lbelod Best 0 cated inthe oder CAPA wth OLGA 7 To StudeigFA Exorses OLGA 7\Tour FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA — GUIDED TOUR By clicking (a it trmly) on the Case label (Basic) you should see the case main window and you may expandicoiapse the case by clicking the + squares. same [Be veston [GFRwA OR ToSuaensthtwcer 1A sources ote ay ounet ‘You will now also see the case label "Basic" onthe top bar ofthe main GUI window. SC RRN “The grid window contains the graphic view of the OLGA 7 model and the window to the fet is called the Model View describd by @ number of Keywords. Each element (keyword) in the model view has a Property window (normally tothe right). “The main structure of the model is made in the Model View, while the detailed modeling is By cefault OLGA makes a case contains (a Project) with the same label as the case ow me [A Projet fe has the extension opp ia. the project flename is ‘Bast opp in his case, By opening a projet fe all case fs assorted ‘sl 0 opon. However, a project le shouldbe dootod Te cage fs Sm One 1 Fi anger When working in the OLGA GUI be sure to save your case regularly i! You can learn more about each Keyword by selecting (click on it) and press F1. A user manual Help Window wil appear. For example if you click the keyword INTEGRATION and F1 the User manual should open con the relevant page: nT PELE eyo Coons INTEGRATION (on CaseLevel) Description ( See iso Heys) L =] Oo m i‘FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA GUIDED TOUR, FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA ~ GUIDED TOUR ‘You may want to take a closer look onthe case and the concept of Project, > cs (CHANGE THE CASE NAME “The fist to-do i to re-abel the Basic case to “Oil Case.opy* ‘You do that by Right click on the case label and select Save Case As and give the new fle be dynamic [And then Help: (Click on *Contents" and then “Graphical User Interface (UI)" and then “Introduction to projects and cases” You shall now modly the various model elaments to make @ simple OLGA model case Introduction to projects and cases ‘An OLGA case mil) is the collection of altho input | nomally const of ppeines, process equipment and Expand Case Definition and Select CASE In the Model View window and complete the case information fr the new case in the Properties window onthe right han sie ofthe screen ‘infomation about sulation option, boundary condtion waa was Qi siesties er itace LD ‘of rferrces to other ls ike ab ios for id detion: wa wae (See tener, ‘An OLGA project isa contain: fo one or more OLGA c: Bose Cato Conta athe oman ike Wid documents repats nS Bresvar sPT GROUP SPTGROUPbe dynamic sPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA GUIDED TOUR. FILES We shal now enange the fi abe fle ‘Selec FILES nthe Model View window. Owarwau tn reset wos earn, Select the PVTFILE box in the Properties window and cick on the Gl button. Browse for the fle (lourolliab) in the Tour rectory and click Open}. soya = Com folder. (Ceeate J Tre or ate ate ott man | a) Teor eats are pete man | ae = RED. indieating that something Is af Wat needs tobe dane isto change the fluid label to identity the Mud (propery table) property. ‘The fiiés are specified on Nodes ard in the BRANCH ofthe Geomety inthis ease we shall work with one fuid table only and ithas the label”, while the case we Started from used a fud able labeled "Fluid 1"” "rad ates ae mana made wth th srr PUTsin Inti program you may pec. fut abel ree B pon ale ata ae et un ho es gon eae" mat abel sPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA ~ GUIDED TOUR ‘Select the BRANCH in the Model View And then select the fuid 1” inthe Properties: We need to do the same forthe 2 nodes (Le. change fu) Click onthe INLET node inthe Model View Expand the Pressure condlions in the Property Window fk the node INLET to locate the FLUID. ‘and select the proper label (1°) othe same with OUTLET node 2 PA Rowan sere TB scniry ad ove ot ‘unterSee, sPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE Wir OLGA -GUIBED TOUR TIME INTEGRATION ‘Select INTEGRATION in the Model View window ard enter the given data in the Properties Window for the INTEGRATION keyword, sm cmoaee ——stanrtvE-08 ace ENDTIME hb td DTSTART 01 gameuooe Snr = 00 (RESTART MAXDT __= 20s} ‘The correct time-unit should ideally be selected before the datas entered, ‘The number wil be automatically converted when the unit is changed Note that you can override the time unit conversion by holging down the key while changing the unit Refer to the descriptions at the bottom of the Proeh window for more information on each tem (key) ‘Aso note that the initial time step (OTSTART) may not be ‘outside the maximum and minimum time steps specified (MAXDT and MINOT), GLOBAL SIMULATION OPTIONS Select OPTIONS: we use the default values for the ‘urrent case, OPTIONS define the global calculation options used in the simulation, ¢.g. the methods used to calculate the {isd temperature (lemperatuze profes), You may also select to use the standard OLGA flow ‘model = of the OLGA HO madel (which was: developed by SPT Group supported financially by & ‘umber of ot companies inthe Haraon” project) iP Jn this course you will madly the TEMPERATURE Dption, but for the guided tour we leave them at Sofaut Tee or oF ssToRDee oF oF 1 =| Qo % § FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA - GUIDED TOUR IPEWALLS First: delete WALL_2 since we shall not need iin this exercise Materials Pipe wall materials must be specified .e. the properties ofthe materials that surround the {id inthe pipe and thus constitute the pige wal layers that is needed for your model, e.g, steel, insulation, concrete, sol ete, Wall materials are pre-specied in the Basic model Take a look at the properties ofthe two materials inthe Library MATER and MATER 2. Which dominate heat exchange to the surroundings and which would dominate the rate of ‘cooldown during a shutin ? 2 waa ATRIAL: MATER? Ruan warn To make the model easier 1o read change the labels of the predefined materials; Change MATER-1 to°Stoel” and MATER.2 to ‘Concrete Barcus ‘Aso make 2 ree ta you ean impr om tof predetvea © mato nt vay You may also delete 9. materials fom the lirary 0 Bownary and initial Conditions >> HEATTRANSFER 5. Flow Component i Git Rowpath: irene Observe that you always must\y i "5 Boundary andi! Condtons I -9> SOURCE: SOURCE that fluid flows trom tho. (prede Change the folowing data in the Property | PE window: x TAMBIENT to 50 F Jo ofthe Properties w HAMBIENT to 8 WinC (mind the units)? Change the unt of pressure to Bara by cfcking the unit eld ond selecting {om the Unit ist: . Wma-c] ewe Wina-c} ‘Wina-<} awno-g INLET FLOWRATE ‘The flowrate in this case is a constant mass flow, specitied as SOURCE. Double cick onthe SOURGE-1 and change the mass flow rate to 4 kgis in the Property Window. ‘Also change fu temperature to 60° C Observe that GASFRACTION = -1 means the fequilbrium gas mass fraction ofthe fie at the condlons (PT) ofthe section into which tis injectes } = ett HABIIENT ne eat ranater ontant rhe eta fam. fro ho ouside wal yer the | etter’ terperaise, TAUSIENT. The eaa fim coat cane be cacao by spaying Beane Eee are vtec! iy nar ne and Tal toa coor a that he pressive doesnot heve a be spectog ie overt st he psu ssp 5 ‘ato sn abate ash ofthis om the spect’ posses ears to he rosa te ip ‘edn ctatich be stil temper,Bash FLOW ASSURANCE WITHOLGA-- GUIDED TOUR FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA GUIDED TOUR ‘SPECFY OUTPUT ‘OUTPUT VARIABLES a However, to make a case of any use_ we need to speclly the output variables of interest. Since “The models ready to run, but we woud ike to mod the soto cult variables of intrest we started wih a predefined and complete case we ony need to mod the speci output PRODUCING RESULTS seam PROFILE PLOTS © boy Since OLGA is a transient program & calculates i cane Detnion Locate and tik on ai output variates for each integration time-step foreach Pipe section Normally you do not need ll these data for your evaluations and reporting. Therefore you must specify which variables you want to see and fw often you need them, Moreover you must think abou the presentation format you want to app) Ge TRENODATA ‘The temporal parameters for resut production are specified under the global “Out Specification (atthe bottom of the model ‘TIME INTERVALS FOR EXTRACTING SIMULATION RESULTS * (OUTPUT TEXT FILE Click on the drop down icon, (G), under VARIABLE inthe Property window to access the full listing of the variables spectied as well as those that are availabe fr selection OLGA produces a te with various information and simulation resus. ‘Select OUTPUT and specity the tine interval (OTOUT) between [omer wilting to the oulput tex fle to be 5 hours, ie. all variables Specified under GUTPUTOATA (defined later), will be saved ‘every 5 hours of simulation time, a 5 my) ec ob) ware »| PROFILE ‘Select PROFILE and speci the time interval (OTPLOT) Batwoen saving profile data (PROFILEDATA) to be 10 minutes. Resulls are printed at each time interval toa fle which can 'be read by the OLGA ploting package 10 produce profile ‘lo ie. each variable Is presented as function of postion ‘long @ tubing cr a pipe Le. a FLOWPATH, TREND TEND Select TREND and specify the time interval {DTPLOT) between saving trend data (TRENDDATA) 40 be 10 seconds. Results are printed to @ file which The variables are listed alphabetically by thelr label. Click (of the checkmark to ‘rng the ones ‘already specified to the top of thelist Uncheck the Q2 ie. the Overall eat lranstorcoafcent, lapel pene an gh FRRPERERR ERG sSPTGROUP sPTGROUP ‘can be read by the OLGA ploting package to produce | FAME 2 oS ‘end plots Le. each variable is defined at speciic. 7212 ‘i postions in a tubing oF pipe and you pt the time om ‘erialiona ofthe variable at those postin. “The variables can also be listed by their Group and Subgroup according to the type of vatiable. You wil find out by toggling the headline we haus any tho most common cutput omate nis exobe cynewec sPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA~ GUIDED TOUR E i Nene «Un (Group Sub Group Description OL S85 Volume Holdin fkaud vol Sort by Su Group and locate and select (check) the adstonal Boundary variables: UG (Gas Velosty) JUL (Liquid Velocty) USG (Superficial Gas Velocity) USL (Superficial Total Liquid Fim Velocty) Click OK and the propery window should now show all the profile output variables spectog: POL, DT, OLY, QLTWT, 1, UG, Ut, USE, USL Note tht itis always possible to enter several output statements for each Fowpath, To add; Right-Click on Output under the fowpath and ‘Add either > PROFILEDATA, OUTPUTDATA cr TRENDDATA SPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA GUIDED TOUR ‘TREND PLOTS: Under the Flowpath Output delete the SERVERDATA specications" fy PRORREDATA ony Pane Dupiatero 2 ‘Selec the TRENDDATA statement under the Flowpath Brad ‘and expand Position in the Property window. Remove al specified variables except pressure (P7) in the fest pipe section: (PIPE = PIPE-1, SECTION = 1), ‘Add wo new TRENDDATA specifications lf Flow Component for PIPE-3. Specty temperature (TM) at GR ROWPATH: PIPELINE the outlet ofthe pipeline inthe frst and GT, {§ @ Boundary andtnital Conditions {QG and QLT in the second ~ again at the CE — ‘outlet ofthe pipeline 7 TM (temperate) Volume vanable GT (etal mass fowrat) Beundary variable {2G (eta gas volume fow rato) Boundary variable Lr tl quid volume Row rate) Boundary varias * These are used for. ploting whe running case whch me wi come backFLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA GUIDED TOUR. FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA - GUIDED TOUR ‘Aso nce thet inthe TRENDDATA property window the celovant PIPE can be spectiod ‘clicking on the drop down ican for PIPE to access the Select Pipe window, 2 pe THE EMRILATIONA: veri: Te mol oat Than earns by ng he ey kx rer ae ee ene 2 ras ve Oops dor con ef > é Bs son ora =" SCOMIOE Of your screen). be dynamic In the event that any erors are highlighted, you may go directly to th error by licking on the arrow icon, (gy ) inthe Output window. ‘nce you have checked the model, click on the Run simulation icon, (), oF to run the Simulation, Successiul completion of the simulation wil be incicated by message ‘NORMAL. STOP IN EXECUTION. ‘Moreover, the short codes for each variable can be typed in rect in the VARIABLE fl a sermon tm a cnn bn bt eye RU 2 co Sbaneana areas arene, down icon, (Gl), under VARIABLE.) +@ >>> NORMAL STOP IN EXECUTION <<< Finally, in the TRENDDATA specication atthe bottom ofthe made! (view), ad the variable LIGCER, which is @ very useful variable (you can also plot the same for ol, water and Oa volume fractions in branches e.g. Flowpaths.) CONGRATULATIONS, you have now built your frst OLGA simulation, ‘sPTGROUPsPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA ~ GUIDED TOUR ‘Ase notice tht inthe TRENDDATA property window the relevant PIPE can be spectid by ‘hoking on tbe drop down icon for PIPE to access the Select Pipe window, Moreover, the short codes for each variable can be typed indirectly inthe VARIABLE fed ‘As mentioned before, ‘ho ful Ist of applicable variables is accessed by clicking on the orop down icon, (6), under VARIABLE.) Final, in the TRENDDATA specification atthe bottom of the model (view), ac the variable LOCK, which ie vary useful vane (yous can lo plot the same for i, water and 8 volume fractions in branches e.g. Flowpaths,) ue sade rnd Tetigadcorae nbc 1 gcoowm ase Painter tren panes a FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA~G,IDED TOUR RUN THE SIMULATIONS Verify ‘The mode is now ready to run. This can be confimned by checking the Verity icon in the foobar or by pressing . Vedfcation succeeded ie Dinted in the Output window (normally inthe of your screen). In the event that any errors are highlighted, you may go arectly to thy eror by clicking onthe arrow ion {gy ) nthe Output window. (nce you Rave checked the model, click on the Rr simulation loon (>), or fo run the Simulation. Successful completion of the simulation wil be indicated by message ‘NORMAL STOP IN EXECUTION: ‘Baped simulation eve snow DESDZSTETOO (90% of sultion completed) o ‘taped sulton Ses now: 00-70 (10% of smulton completed) 1o 39> NORMAL STOPIN EXECUTION <<< CONGRATULATIONS, you have now built you frst OLGA simulation,sPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA GUIDED TOUR Select units IM you have not selected your preferred unit system itis suitable to dof now ~ before staring looking atthe results: Select Fle then, ‘Options and Default Unis You may select from pre-defined unit systoms or make your own unit set(s) which you can save for re-use. For this application both the Metic and the OilField system should be relevant _ = = = 8 ‘The simulation profile plots may be viewed by selecting the Profle Plot foo, ‘The Select variables window wil appear allowing picking Out your desired variables. ir = as bi | qo sPTGROUA FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA GUIDED TOUR, ‘Check the variables "Geometry" (pipeline profile). Hquld hold-up guid volume fraction in the Pipeline) (HOL), pressure (PT) and temperature (TM). The units to be applied may also be hanged in this window. [Note that there area numberof fters available to screen out the cases, variables or branches ‘0 -ease the variate selection process. erga g ; i (You may also SSmpare with other cases by adding the relevant plo-fes) ‘Click on [OK] and the resulting graph should look tke the folowing profile plot 434: ‘Changes in the profie variables with time can be viewed by selecting the black arrow: Replay speed can also be varied (real speed will depend somewhat on computer capaciy and ‘828 ofthe actual graph). You may also use the slide o view changes with tm,be dynamic SPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA GUIDED TOUR ‘o.see exact values Right Clk in the orp (or cick con il on tne Tools br nd slat “rack Values. A moveable window wih values foreach variable in tne graph = depending on postion wil pear. “The values can be copiedipasted into an open Excel-worksheet (by right-clicking ig the value window ard selecting Copy all data), Indvedual graphs can be tumed on and off by selecting (or deselecting) the tick inthe legend, ‘There are also several features which may be aocessed by right cicking in he OLGA Graph. The sinuiason tend pis may be viewed by selecting the Tren Pet icon, (EE) Remember tat 3 wand pot gues the ylts ofa vorale 3s fusion of tine at apeaie (eat, ete @ Pole pot ges the vaues ofa varale Song te ere lang of 8 partes fowpsth tou speci paso tine “The Select variables window wil appear which will allow tbe desired variables to be selected, Select the temperature (TM) and the toll Iquid volumetric flowrate (GLT) ~ both atthe outlet he pipe, Change the units of temperature to °C 2s before, ‘Again, there are a number of adsltional grapring features which can be accessed by right ‘icking in the OLGA Plot window. “The resulting graph is presented below. Note that although the Total quid flowrate coming ‘ut of the pipeline has reached a stable condition, the temperature seems to be changing Sight, which might indicate fat a ue steady state condition has not quite been achieved, However - always remember to take the scale of the axis into account FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA GUIDED TOUR igenosbems neineaag 8 “" 2 ‘The effect of changing the flowrate shall now be investigated, ie. the mass flowrate entering the flowpath fst be recuced from 4 Kos 00.25 kgls. To do this, we wil create a new case based onthe original ie ‘To make a new case, based on an existing case, first select the case to be copied inthe Model View window. Right click and select Dupicala Case, Save the new ‘=a Tar case as (Turndown Case.op), ‘The new case will appear in the Model View window 2s Es ‘Selec the SOURCE in the new case, change the MASSFLOW 0 0.25 kgs and run. i retener Plt the total liquid mass flowrate at the outlet ofthe flowin for both cases lo compare the resulls. Add the pl file for the first case inthe selection windowsPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA GUIDED TOUR 2 — guiesaowanerse stam cme —_—_———_——————— Now ty repeating the simulation, changing the Mud file to the fle lour-gas.tab with the mass. flowrate at 4 ka's to see the effect. You are encouraged to ook into some ofthe addtional options available that allow the layout to be customised by changing the default units, the screen appearance, auto-save etc. These ‘pions are accessed via . [Adéiional functionally n the GUI includes the abilty to wile a report which summarises the mode, Tiss cessed fo Tokar + on inte HECCCCOCLOIDDDIDDD DI FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA Exercises Nov 2011be dynamic sPTGROUP gage & sees REEN ° FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 - Exercises ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS ‘OIL PRODUCTION AND SLUGGING. 3 The story, 3 The data 3 The tsk 4 Preliminary Pipeline Sizing. 4 Terrain Slogging ~ Normal Operation id ‘Terrain Slugging — Miigation Akematves. 2 Production Ramp-up. 24 Hysrodymamic slugging 2 Stugtracking 2 guid Surge Volume 28 ‘Slug Statistics. 30 PVTSIM FLUID PROPERTIES.. ‘Gas Condensate Fluid Proper Harun Fuid Property File. Mixing condensate and water. PIPELINE SHUT.IN AND START-UP.. ‘Shuidown Simulations. Start-up Simulations. Depressurization Simulations (OPTIONAL) ‘YOU GET A FAX~ RESULTS WITHIN TWO HOURS?. 50 GAS CONDENSATE PIPELINI o 53 ‘Geometry Modification 53 Steady State Simulations 58 Pigging Simulations. 58 ‘Turndown Ramp-up (Optional) 59 ‘THREE PHASE FLOW WATER MODULE 60 { Pritdate: 5th Mar 2012 | sSPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 ~ Exercises, 4. OIL PRODUCTION AND SLUGGING 4.4. The story ‘The Harthun field hes recently been discovered, located south ofthe existing Wigoth Alfa platform. Its proposed to devolop Hathun via @ single subsea welhead and pipeline to the {wigetn fa platform to allow the field potential to be fully assessed during an extended test ‘phase prior to ful eld development. There is an exsting riser on Wigoth Alfa which was pre {nslaled during the consttucon phase of the platform to accommodate future sub-sea field developments. Recent topsides modifications on Wigoth Alfa involving the instalation of multiphase well test ‘meters has allowed the existing Test Separalor to be Used as a dedicated Harthun production ‘Separator The Test Separator operating pressure Is to be mainiained constant to alow the ‘988 from Harthun lobe fed tothe export compression system, 42 The data “The Harthun welthaad is on sea-bed ina water depth of 288 m and is located 4.3 km fom the |Wigotn Alfa ger base. The Wigoth Alf pltiorm stands in 270 m of water with the production ‘deck located 30 m above sea lovel. The riser at Wigoth Alfa is vetcal and 300 m high with & Inch diameter. The riser has an interna diameter of 0.1 m with a steel wall thickness of 7.5, ‘mm and no insulalon, There i 2 100 m horizontal top-sie pipe with the ‘seme properties as forthe riser. A common pipe roughness is assumed tobe 0.028 rm, “The Test Separator pressure is constant at 80 bara, ttcan be dscumed that the minimum require arrival temperature at Wigoth Alfa is 27°C (to ‘void wax formation). The maximum allowable pipeline inet pressure is 80 bara at @ flowrate of 1Skals ‘The flowing wolhead temperature is assumed to be constant at 62°C.be dynamic SPTGRouP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 — Exercises “The properties of pipe steel and insulaion can be assumed tobe as folows: Tera a | eae Thera ko cone wit Stee! 7350 500 30 inesaton 1000) a ‘The minimum ambient temperature can be assumed {o be 6°C. The ambient heat transfer coefficient, (rom the outsiée of the pipe structure tothe outToundings), can be assumed to be 6.5 Wim forthe entre pipeine-ser system - in the absence of anyother data, In the absence of any flid compositions, the Mud fle (Wigoth.tab) generated for Wigoth shel be used (The fui from Harhon's thought o be very similar to the Wigoth well stream fd), 13 The task You are required to perform a study into the technical viabilty of producing Harthun over Wigoth Alfa, taking account of the folowing: + pipeline size (inner diameter and insulation required * production instabilties curing well testing as wel as fll production + incase of insiabiiies you shall evaluate various mitigation alternatives ‘You wil also have to estimate maximum lqui surge volumes into the separator. ‘A number of hints have been prepared to help you to complete this task that you read these pri to commencing each activity. It is recommended lin Exercise 3 you wil extend the model you make here and study: “insulation requirements during a shut-downicoot-down, “estabish any lmitatons due tothe exsting topsicesfacities during both normal and transient operations) 1.4 Preliminary Pipoline Sizing ‘The fist task is 10 establish the pipeline size and insulation level required to achieve the desired production and turndown rates. This can be done by performing a series of steady ‘stato simuations. However, there is very ltl information curently avaliable: specifically, there ig no seabed profie with the ony information being the water depth at the Harthun wel-tead ‘and the existing platform information. Consequenty, you will ned to assume a rough pipeline Profle, HINTS: ‘The stoady stato simulations should be performed fortwo flowrates, specifically 5 and 18 kal. “The fower flowrate dictates the insulation level required and the highest determines the Pipslne ianer ameter. In other words: since insulation and steel cost money you shall EXIT and Yes to Update Geometry ‘You could now ensure thatthe FLUID identifier in FLOWPATH-SBRANCH Is correct (shall be Bes Source “The let Lowrato Is to be specified using the SOURCE. Change the LABEL to Herthun. Set the TEMPERATURE to 82°C and GASFRACTION equal to 1, This means thatthe fluid table wil be tsed to estabish the rao of gas to hysrocarbon liquid present inthe SOURCE flowal The SOURCE temperature and local pressure are taken inlo account in establishing the cqulibaum gas mass traction. (Since we intend to simulate two-phase flow (gas and hydrocarion liga), the SOURCE TOTALWATERFRACTION must be set to 0, to ensure that no water enters the pipe"). Teo caoe we fl fe dos nt conan ry water, whic moans tht TOTALWATERFRACTION WATERERACTON =, woud ge sar mathe ores ‘ a mo 35 "ig" _- —_= = _- — = = -_- = _—= = = co _— = -_= = _ = = SPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 ~ Exe: Hest transfer “The template case you used has a pre-defined heat transfer specication which does not need ‘changing 2s by default, i aready applies to all pen the branch with a T ambient of 6 C. |B Flow Component Se RLowpaTHs: Pune 16M Boundary and |) HID Hestraanseet pe AL [> SOURCE: sOURCE Simulation results to dtoplay To visualise the results ofthe simulations, the following output specifications need to be given as a minimum. Remember thal the variables specified in the OUTPUTOATA keyword wil fexpod the data to the "oUt fle which allows you to view the data in a text editor. (This fle ‘cantains a copy ofthe textual input fle and certain other useful information from the case). ‘You will view the variables specified under Trenddata and Profiedata using the plotting functions of the Graphical User Interface (GUI). Varios specified under the Plot key, you may animate using the embedded program "OLGA Viewer", whieh ie also activated from the GUI ‘Add Outputdata ‘Specity the folowing variables to be exported tothe output fie (DTOUT: the printing time Interval - is predefined as every hour, which you may change *) igus hold-up (HOL) Pressure (PT) Temperature (TM) Flow Regime indicator (1D) Yauimayin pane pt a varies manera! secon each te.stp, Tis st reconeGrRour FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 ~ Exercises. ‘You can find the variables by entering the labels in the search window, 1 not care to specify postion. This means that you get the variables specified printed fora calculaton sections in your system Remember that some variables (HOL, PT and TM) are volume variables which are averaged propertes lor each pipe (numerical sgpt6n) and they are given at section midpoints, whi fs 8 boundary variable, Le. itis opiGated and prated(or plotted) at each boundary ion LJ ‘The flow regime indicator wil output a code which corresponds to a certain flow regime. The codes are: 1. Stratified Wavy Flow 2 Annular Flow 3 Hycrodynamic Slug Flow 4 Dispersed Bubble Flow ‘You will now specify the variables given on next page, tobe written to the trend fle * ("4p fe) ‘every 10 seconds (Select TREND and change DTPLOT in the Properties window from 150 40s). 5 te Output Z ANIMATE Delete the pre-dined Trenddala under FLOWPATH->Output_ (his Is [B oureur acl the quickest way forthe time being) ‘ak Prom Fi ‘Add one new Trenddata entry on case level 2 TRENDOATA = | 3) The trend fle keeps tin series of output variables at 2) specific locations 6.9. Fauid flowrate out oF @ pipeline, 1) for specie feetures e.g. a source mass fow rato, or 6) global variables @.9. integration time step. ” TOUDDDDD Ee at SPTGROUP PECCCCCC ECD ODDND FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 - Exercises ‘Then on the Flowpat Specity flowin inlet pressure (PT) and temperature (TM). Copy this TRENODATA. entry and Paste. Inthe new TRENDDATA you modify the postion tobe ihe outet ofthe topside pipe, Specity the following variables: the total mass flowrate (GT), the volumetric gas flowrate (6) ‘and the volumetric fowrate of total iquid (QL) out ofthe topside pipe Ei Outpt Inthe TRENODATA aready species at Case-vel, atthe botiom of © ‘the mode! view, you should add GASC, the total gas volume in a & Meeate Branch, which is 8°BRANCH’ varable ard thus, you donot speci outer any local poston anon ‘he teal amount of tguid(LIGC) in @ branch is pre-defined in the Tre. Basie cate that we started wih) Pearcy ‘) Observe that when output is specified at Case- level it applies to all Flowpaths in the network. In this case this 's equivalent to specifying the TRENDDATA on the Flowpath-level sinco we have only one of them in the model. you need to edit your TREND specifications, you may open a ibrary function by right clicking ‘ona TRENDDATA entry under 6.9, a FLOWPATH and select eg. Local Instances oo ‘This opens 2 table with ad your TRENDDATA entries for that Flowpath:be dynamic sSPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 - Exercises You may now elt the entries. Moreover, by Right clicking on @ column header you can sort, fc. and select which columns should be visible |Add PROFILEDATA, which can be done from the Flowpah-level Output of fom the Case- evel Output Pressure (PT) Temperature (TM) Flow Regime Indicator 1D) Final, select (Output->Add-3Plot} on the Case level Output Set DTPLOT to 5 s and select the variables (HOL, PT and QLT). These variables wil then be _vallable for animation withthe embedded program OLGA VIEWER, ‘Tei genera rary nation whch wi be avlabe fer most the OLGA mod opens o minutes (speciy this tme-interval DTPLOT in the Case level meg Liquid hold-up (HOL) fe UCCCCCCOCODDDDDD DDD DDD DDDD har ‘SPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 — Exercises ‘Save and run the simulation model with an inet flowrate of 15 kas (which i the anticipated ‘max fowrate) to ensure thatthe case runs (remember to set ENDTIME = O in INTEGRATION), ‘Tren use the Parametric Studies tool to establish the inner diameter, Create and run steady ‘Sate simulations forthe flowrate of 15 kgls over a range of pipeline internal diameters 8, 10, Ya and 14 em. Keep the ameter for the riser and top-side as they are. stabi the conect pipeline size that gives an inlet pressure close to 80 Bara (not above) ‘and tren, update the model (excluding the riser and topside). Then you need to determine the inewiabon required to achieve the desired atval temperature close to 27 C (not below) - assuming that the two largels are independent ‘The parametric study option fs accessed fom the Tose man a how Hy sewer eran Be sin By) con ton | sew erste JQ) revrericsuses | oy aimage GB rocrsnsererisoe ick on the Parametric Studies Kitten to add a Study, The Parametric Study tb is opened in the main window. see below. aamevie ty Devecson You cece Prone: 1 Part sass: 1 Doctaion 2 [case [ight-c [tri [er liv 2 ‘Select tho number of Parameters to be studied (which is one since the parameter to be ‘Sucied isthe pipeline diameter (of PIPE-1) at the hign flowrate 15 gs). 2be dynamic SPT GROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 ~ Exercises. Right cick on Cage and select Insert Case. Repeat the procedure untl the you have 4 cases, liste. ea Dcttin [Cou deeiee Toggle the Decoration fel to select: “waren [|S aah sme Dasaaion [1 Bett Decoration: Right cick on the next column header and choose ‘Select Parameter, which opens up a ew window. From the drop-down men (a), select FLOWPATH-PIPELINE asthe primary sytem parameter Next, selec PIPE (band move tothe ight window corer to chose the Etoparameter tobe adjusted (SIAMETER) by chung on Clk to ssa! parame (and Sleting DIAMETER) cick OK (a) (¢) |f_ os bia sPTGROUP QCCCCCCCOONODDDDDDDDDDDDDIDDD FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 ~ Exercises. Flin he volves forthe eub-parameter for each case. Be aware ofthe unit ‘You may yave to toggle the Decoration and Case labels to obtain the desired resut 7 1, the parametf study may be run by clicking on [Run Study Batch] (which is ‘would be included inthe Parametric Study run, View the results (inlet pressure) as ether @ Trend (in OLGA you may plat a trend even if you have only one point atime = 0. In ths case the time scale is artificial rom 0 to 1), ora profle plot, 0 find the required pipeline diameter. Update the base model withthe correct pipeline diameter (if needed). Also change the Source flowrate 1 5 kgis (minimum cate) to establish the minimum insulation needed. ‘The offec of changing the insulation levels may also be determined with a parametric study. to achieve outlet temperature close to 27 C (not below). Make @ new study to determine the insulation thickness needed to oblain the corectartval temperature at a flowrate of 5 kale. (Hint: te parameter to vary isthe THICKNESS of the wal W-Pipeline, whichis specified Under the pximary model feature Library. The parameter THICKNESS holds all the wal layers fandin ths case, there are 2": Ih iylrmost layer is the 9 mp¥stee-layer while the insulation layer is 20 mm thick, Increase thd insulation thickness in jerements OF 5 mm to include 40 mm). Below you see a panel which describes a setup forthe parametric study.FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 ~ Exercises: EA ke OF 60) FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 ~ Exercises. 4.5. Terrain Stugging - Normal Operation ‘The Project Pipaline Engineer has naw provided a more detailed pipeline profile from Harthun te Wigoth Alfa. This proileis presented below. Positions: Distance Water Depth Bot phat | corn) ee) meni | Wetreot | 0 “25 7000 “255 3 400 | 280 2 1200 2s [2 | 30 a 8 Rar Bose | 00 210 . +) ibe carer OLGA verte wot one nye nef ont eto ee eat Rar Top_[ 00 o 5 ati ne pre oy afore he wpettn chase ppd OCA, das not Beroe [om 2 $ conform with the Windows fle naming conventions. ‘ult I | Itis suspected tha terran slagging may cause serious problems to the process facilites onthe platform due to the presence of a tow point at the riser base (check Y-coordinale). The purpose ofthis exercise is 10 establish the possiblity ef Severe chugging in the Havthun riser [As a result ofthe above parametric variation, you should now have established the pipeline Size required {0 achieve the desired rax production rate and established the minimum insulation level cequired on the pipeline. The pipeline model should naw be updated ta reflect, this configuration. Run the case with ENDTIME = O and plot the profes, The results should be Similar tothe graphs below. Determine the extent ofterain slugging by varying the pipeline inlet flow rate (2. at well head) by creating 3 different cases at owrates of §kg/s, 10 kgls and 15 kgls lo avoid overwriting the results, Each simulation should be run for 2 hours, ie. remember to change the ENDTIME in INTEGRATION to 2 hours. saNTs: dod Create a new project called (Slugsing.opp} and Open the | 4 stoacy Sat tse wih ha core naon lvl and 5 43 , o : te QO ‘i ft po Q Mw on Tem e me 15 u PCCCCCCCONDODDDDDDDDDDDFLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 - Exercises FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 ~ Exercises See Duplicate and name the new case (Slug 5.0). itis swcommended that the original easels. removed {fom the new project to avoie inadvertent editing The new pine rll can be entered recy a try editor. The following is a straight ie Tools GeometryEdito- File 3New>Save 29 2g. GeoNien.geo Use a common roughness of 0.028 mm, ~The walls are not availabe before the case Geometry has been updated “The (recommended) final pipe profle-data forthe case is presented below, Keep the GeoNew.geo open until you have entered the data (below) and exchanged the old geometry with the new one ~ follow the instructions below: Pestirs | Ditance | WaierDeph | — #of ‘(% Coostinate) | (¥ Coordinate) | (numerical) tn (a Sections Wathead 0 255 Cr “000 255 1400 250 1800 255 3400 255 RiserBase | 4300 270 Riser Top | 4300 30 TTopsides 400 30 ‘outlet be dynamic iSTE i x 5 a ih Insert © ew pipes ig Lick on the pipe label) ~ you should have 0 rows from startto and 1 Enter the new X-¥ values by stating fom the end of the last pips “Enter diameter you found forthe Pipeine and the criginal 0.1m Torte rsar-topsie, Enter the numberof sections from the table above, NB! Keep the GeoNew.geo open and select the OLGA GU! main window —> ‘ef, the Geometry table on next page: Note the transton in PIPE-S from the pipeline section Rick Flowpath and then Exchange Geometry lengths tothe riser section length, (3 sections of 200 m followed by a secon of 150 m, a ‘section of 100 m and a final section of 50.125 m, see section length tool below). sPTGROUP You can now Exit the Geometry Eiitor (Fle->Exit) while saving the new geometry whan. prompted. mecceccteni 8 ”FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 — Exercises FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 ~ Exercises. Now you have fo undate the ploes with Walls and adjust TREND postions to reflec she now: BS Geometry, ¢9.: 4.8 Terrain Slugging - Mitigation Alternatives ‘A numberof mitigation options have been identi to prevent severe slugging in the riser, Two of tem are + Choking the fow atthe top of the platform + Injecting gas atthe bottom ofthe riser IHneeded re-open the 5 kgls case Slug Sop! and create two duplicate cases, (Right Click on the oase and select ec Case , and call the new files. Topsides Choke.opi and {Gas Lit. opi. Then Refeve the Siug 5 opi case from the project to avoid unintended editing 5B Yersnmegatin _and exchange PIPE-S with PIPE-7 in he relevant Trendcata specifications. eee ‘Once the case {Slug 5.op)} is correct, duplicate it two times. Call the new files (Slug 10.0p/} and 4 one {Be top) ra charge fone Sobrangy, "le br esas Sas sae rev cargo ora ty a mesa, e Sop cons bo posts ob Fegaad ruses! msn an ome sindaars ave mostad oat Sess Bama one rat (Sees eterna dae ‘Soe berm Se ———— Select the Case you just made ie, Topsides Choke. opi You can start and run the 3 cases Tan . Project Batch ‘Compare the cases by checking the total quid volume flow out of the lowine and the pressure at the inlet using trend plots. It"is also Tecommended that the Tow regime is checked ‘along the length of the pipeline for each case [Add a valve from the Componenis-» Process Equipment window by dragging it and dropping it onto the outlet of he pipeline the canvas oa Bed siege {profile pot. Pocestatoren B rest When you have opened one ease with the Trend plot too! you may open the ou wont * ise Boose for the ahr 2 paB08 > compare by adding the fis, oOo sn — te woe @meon ~ o—__.—*9 ated won totba SPT GROUP OCCCCCUUUNOEDDDDaDDND ADD aODO BEDEbe dynamic SPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 ~ Exercises: Fill in properties for_the VALVE, Positon it at PIPET, Section boundary 2. Speciy a diameter of 0.1 m. Start with 8 value of 0.12 for OPENING (ie. 12% of ful cross Sectional ares}. Leave the other input keys at default values, Decrease the valve opening. Toy the following openings 0.10, 0.04 and 0.02. This sensiivty may be done using a arametic study to ease te comparson of the different ‘Spenings, see below, Plot QLT out of the topside pipe and PT at the inet. ‘What is the valve opening required to stablize the flow at 5 kgls and what isthe down side ofthis option? ‘These decorations hare to be ‘entered manually to overs the automatic format FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 — Exercises Gas Lit Select the gas lit cave. Add a gas SOURCE at the riser base. (You wil need to think about how you add gas ony). “ry lit. gas rates of 0.2, 0.6 and 1.2 kos. Use a gas source temperature of 92°C. Dewipter [Sete ‘weacmder: [1] eral sind [) “These decorations have to be ‘entered manually to override the automatic format ‘You may want to plot the source mass flow (GTSOUR) and the inlet pressure as well |What is your estimate ofthe minimum gas injection required to avoid the slugging problems at 5 pls (without choking)? What other issues may present problems wih this option?be dynamic SPT GROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 - Exercises. 1.7 Production Ramp-up This case introduces the concept of changing input variables over time. Investigate the effect cof nereasing the inlet flow rate frm 5 to 19 kgs over 1 minute. ‘You wil now use a timeline to manipulate the mass flow of a source. Generally, a number of OLGA input variables can be varied lineary (wih time) betwaen two time-points Duplicate the case Slug 15.op! and callie, Ramp Up. Simulate the fst hour at 5 hal then ramp up the rate over 1 minute to 15 kgs and simulate the last 59 minutes a this rate. A lime series can be entered by cicking on the Timeseries icon, (@) in the Source Properties window. The window below wil appear. Enter he data to ‘Qenerate the graph as shown. Observe that associetad parameters (e9, temperature and in this cage TOTALWATERFRACTION) also must be entered for each ime-point”. For constant values this can be done by entering the (constant) value atthe last time point andthe fool wil {iin from ight to Fe. war isomsmoy oe warencur ty [2 “> YoraLwareneRAcTiON [J > TEMPERATURE (CL FS amnssr.oWi peo T GOR Sn Sm9) FS cnermseniont hg" SPTGROUP BOCCCCCOCDDNDDDDDDDDDDDDDD ‘Open SERVEROATA(S) and specity PIPE {8h4 SECTION forthe outlet LT. FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 - Exercises ‘Add the trend ofthe source total mass rate, GTSOUR (e.g. on Case level which implies that GTSOUR for all mass sources in the model willbe plotied) and run the case. Inspect the trends of the outlet quid Now rate and the niet pressure as wel as the source mass rate, EXTRA: ‘You may also want to use the interactive ploting functionality to watch the @.g, outlet liquid flow (QLT) and inlet pressure (PT) while the case is running: First you must add the positon of the ploting of QLT at the outst in a SERVERDATA Slalement. Since you stated from a pre-made Basic case there should be 3 SERVERDATA definitions in your case Set up the graphical output window: Which creates @ now PLOT on the canvas top bar Right Click and specity QLT at outlet Repeat (maks a new Plat) for inlet pressure,be dynamic sPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 = Exercises. @QO Run interactive ‘Your screen shoul look something lke this when case is finished. HCCCCCCT CONN ~SPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 — Exercises: 4.8 Hydrodynamic slugging ‘You have seen that the outa quid volume flowrate at 16 kglsis stable. However, trom the Doale ofthe flow pattern Indicator, we see that parts of the pipeline are in the hydrodynas Bis fow regime (ID = 3). To get an idaa ofthe problem these slugs may represent we need {Jp use the OLGA Slugtracking module to see the expected slug characteristics" 18:4 Slugracking Duplicate the (Slug 15.09)} case and save it with a diferent name for example (Slugtracking 15.09) “The Slugracking module is accessed as follows [Add SLUGTRAGKING, Activate the HYDRODYNAMIC slugging option only. Use defaut ‘Values oral other input in the Properses window. Itie important to specty the relevant ouput variables before you slat the simulation. Add the Trend ‘variable ACCLIQ at PIPE_7, Section 3. ACCLIQ isthe accumulates total iquid volume flow across @ pipe section boundary thus, it is a boundary variable and a TRENDDATA statement should aready be available or that postion. ‘You shoulé also ads slug tracking rent plat variable USLEXP at pipes PIPE. 2, 4, 5, 6.and 7, allat Seetionfooundary) 2. ‘Specify the MAXDT in INTEGRATION to 2s and also {S8t TREND to 2 seconds (the trend ploting interval) fy wee ue om Be ‘Ade the trond variable NSLUG (tal 90. oP Bogeia he a ‘Syston ''a gba vable and shouldbe entered 0 a Stipa on Case evel n ne Model View wedow = ‘ema ne wd ran anil case wh stancord OLGA (thou sug racing to elas prope intl endo “apdioa in a Reser cas wo SLUGRACKING rte on, arn ha amaators a te esata te Pia eae fe Jae te pant The RESTART fncsonaly mi doa s sr nore and asap he completo Sosa Suaectng na stnd-na sacs ot fom sua caleaaed by ho OLGA sod ate ee fe at time) aFLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 = Exercises Run the case for 2 hours and inspect the results. Eg. plot QLT atthe pipe outlet — with and ‘without Sugtracking, Also ple the ACCLIO and SURGELIO (with Sug 1.82. Uguid Surge Volume This 18 the liquid volume which would bul up in an assumed outlet separator with an ‘assumed and insufficient maximum liquid drain capacity. \With OLGA this surge volume can be calculated in two ways: be dynamic 1) By using the Surge Calculator which can be accessed as follows: Plot the trend for variable SURGELIQ in OLGA (Please note ths variable is automatically plotted in OLGA once the TREND for ACCLIG has been added under OUTPUT key at the FLOWPATH level Sow noo ae esa STO [Notice thatthe graph is calculated on the outlet boundary and with a fixed quid drain rate Right Cick in the graph->Edt->Surge Volumes. for the Surge Volume calculator to appear on the screen (next page} sPTGRoUP VCC FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 — Exercises. ‘This window allows you to modify the surge analysis. You may either enter the maximus assumee) quid drain rato {0 be used in the calculations or ask OLGA to use the average, grain rate (PI ‘Section 20° 3) the desired drain rah is chosen, cick on ‘Apply. forthe Max ‘surge volume to be Calculates and shown Inthe wondow. This feature also fenables you to carry ‘ut the calculation for “This becomes useful when slugging is Infrequent and only ‘appears at certain time Periods during "a long Simulation “gen You could also tring Lup the Surge Volume Calculator by right Cleking on any profile Drtrend pits Howaver it highly recommended to use th SURGELIO trend for this purpose since ater ‘2pplying the changes to maximum drain rate, the SURGELIQ trend pot automaticaly updates {vel and allows tho use: to visualise the surge paeks. “To see a description ofthe method check Show Details and use the upper right scrol bar. For a max erin rato (Cmax) of 1600 mi you should get a SURGELIO graph similar to the one below p00 le: Sg 47 OW ‘Observe that ifthe drain rate Cmax is set to 0, the SURGELIO trend wil follow the ACCLIQ ‘tend.be dynamic FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 - Exercises 11) An altematively to using the above method-is to do a semi-automatic calculation: plot the aecumuiated liquid volume at the pipeline outlet as a trend plot and right cick on the grephdEdt>Cony->Copy Data. Open Excel and paste the data into an Excel spreadshost. Inthe Excel spreadsheet, perform the folowing calculation on the ACCLIG time series and pot ‘8 graph ofthe resutng time-series of Vsurge, surge) = MAX{O, Vsurge + ACCLIQ\; - ACCLIO, - yay toy 4), urge, = 0. imed separator liquid dain rate) one can use the average liquid flow rate or, it known, the maximum drain eapacty of the inlet Separator. The Vsurge calculated this way {quite sensitive tothe precision of Gain. (Observe that you use a consistent uni forthe dai rate.) ‘The two methods for surge volume calculations should give the same answer for a given ‘maximum drain rate 1.83 Stug Statistics If you plot LSLEXP and LSLEXPSTAT at the position PIPE-7.2 (itis better to plat them in ‘separate graphs), you should see something similar tothe figures below, sSPTGROUP A value of zer0 for LSLEXP means no slug ~€9. itis nota slug on the boundary. You may ook at Gets by loft-click and drag cut an area to the Fight to look at ‘To-z00m out again lf-clck and drag upwards to left bia pees. DODDDDDDDDDDDDD SPT GROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 ~ Exercisas The LSLEXP STAT columns give the number of slugs which appear on the position given (PIPE-7.2) and for how long ~ on the average- counted by the numberof time intervals te Gefen interval is 10s) If you click on the columns you wil see the number of slugs and thele ‘everage duration In the graph below each column represents one slug, ‘You can change the duration defaut value by Right-clcking In the graph and select Slug Statsties The window below wil appear in which you may modify the. parameters for the Counting of sivgs. Ty with a duraton of e.g. 4's. Remember thatthe time resolution never vil ’be better than the time integration interval and inthis cage ~also the ploting interval Aether way of studying the ‘lug sististes is to open Excel then rightcckein the graph and ‘select EDIT ~ Copy-Copy Data ‘and paste the data nto excel abe dynamic FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 ~ Exercises: FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 — Exercises f= ‘Zoom in onthe shorter slugs by let-cticking and dragging ‘The viewer wil provide data for alow paths where prfies of quid holdup ‘Open the enclosed case Slug-Dema.opi and openitin the 30 viewer: | areas ie) have bean plotted — Right cok and select Show Anitation stew stv Doi a couple ofimes to get a better view ofthe e.g. shorter slugs IR SLE? STAT PELEPIPE.72)-Stg rocking: tg densty 145 DUDDDDD DDT EE $e profi ite flat and the XY scaling ofthe 9-0 pote not optimal, but the arimaton sil gives os i IRterestngdetas on the slugging charactors, The red rings ar slugs an th longth = indieate te sug length nal thore are mary shot slug. Aer a while a quas steady stato Eos Batlern is established and there isa certain dstibuton of slug lengths. E 4 Soa}. "e , - snc cetton oo PPELNE tne 08381 02 £ i - ‘Sig Diaton fs) Do the same forthe longest slugs fo see if there are more of ther, ‘Another way of studying the slug statistics isto open Excel then rightclick nthe graph and select EDIT — Copy-Copy Data and pase the data nto Excel SPT GROUP SsPTGROUP UECCCC CCC ODNDNDDND‘be dynamic SPT GROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 ~ Exercises 2, PVTSIM—PILUID PROPERTIES For any OLGA simulation, it is necessary to specily a fud propery file, which contains information about the amounts and properties of gas and oil (and water if applicable) for a given range of pressure and temperature. PVTsim, a product of the Danish company Calsep. ae Ie used io make such Mud fies. ‘ Open PVTsim, Select and store the database in the PVTsim rectory ofthe Exercises GFA Exercises OLGA PVT Then 3 bar Atematvely, ou may use the Fluld Managment window of the simulation explorer on the let side of the main PVTsim suindow to create a new database by clicking the [Creaie New let Fait» Ener How Puen ove | ia ee! aa Enter the composition forthe fluid “Cordensate00” given in the table below (HzS is NOT to bo ‘Component Name ‘Mole % | Molecular Weight | Density [g/em’] { -lkatrall | ivopen at Carton Dio 180 HS Mehane Ethane Propane Butane NButane 085 ‘Pentane [026 N-Pentane 030 _ os 028 cr | 08s 100.21 0.690 ce ied 210.00 0750 cor [ise 0000 | 0.800 ‘The °C components a plus component if the fui has a plus component, the last ‘components always considered tobe the plus component). No experimental data is given,be dynamic sPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 ~ Exercises. ‘Check Save CHAR Fluid and then click [OK] inthe fluid window. When you elk [OK] the fuld is being characterized (le, the heaviest component is broken down into a number of new pseudo components), The characterised fuid Becomes the last fluid in the database and is 10 be used for tne remainder ofthe exercise, Make a phase envelope: Select the Simulations window and cick onthe (2) icon, Performa PT flash of the condensate at 15°C and 1 Bara by Fa cieking on the icon, 68). The following resuits window wi “Smunions Sppeor, Note ‘hat thete ta (Save Phase] button. This | ____itfoes SB allows the indvidual gas and liquid phase compositions to be saved to the database as separate fuiés. This is useful when recombining wsi-stteam Mids to achive a specific GOR. ‘The resulls windows in PVTeim algo has Excel type of functionality (with “hidden” cells) so you cane, catulae the GOR ofthe fd in an empty cel COCUCUODDDDDDDDDDDDDDD sPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 ~ Exercises Generate an OLGA fic propery fe with the fle name {condensate00 tab} using he button ton the Interfaces window by clicking the OLGA ico. The winsow below wil appear Flom, LBA omg 68 OLGA Wax Uncheck the“intligrd” and keep the 60 times 50 points (current maximum) “The OLGA table range should te Pressure 110 120 Bara Tempersiue: -20t0 100 Use GasCond for Fluid Label. Remember the Output fle name condensate00tab Use the ‘defeats forthe other inp, lick [OK] and wait unt the window below appears. Close the Wwineow and click (Cancel Settee ATTABLE LABEL = "Gaacond”, PHASE = 750, ENTROPY NORE condensate Joonocuwrs = | ne", ncaa, "cA", C2", MC3Y, MaCAM, CAM, PICS", MCS", MCE, cnr, can, near, neyonci3",neaa-caim, c1e-c21", "622 lcaar,ncas-czen, ncaonci3",rc3s-C20™, "C39-C45", 9E46=C53"], Inouts = (.999997%-02, . 1620008401, .0798988 +02, .57999E+ loi, .2299938+01, .4794502000, .0499908+00, .255059E+ aa, 299556400, 2799591200, .£49990E+00, -110000E- 3, .9487988-05, .326505E~04, 2ss0ser-04, 200880E- fox, 1212958-09. -1307208-04..124367E-08, -9160128~ ‘Note that's passe to generate a singe (12) fle containing 2 numbor of ferent Aus by erring the dei ofthe otter Migs under the Fluid 2, Fld 3 ef Tabs ”be dynamic sPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 — Exercises 2.2 Harthun Fluid Property Fite In this exercise, you shall make an OLGA tiuid property file for the Harthun oll using PVTekm, ‘The composition forthe fuid Harun’ is given Below. ‘Component Name | Mole% | Molecular | Density Weight | [gle] Iara ‘Nitrogen (003 ‘Carbon Dioxide 123) HS Methane 3829 Ethane 765 Propane 643 Butane 28 | NeButane 444 PPentane 198) NPentane 287 8 435) or 19.50 101.30 O72 cy 362 213.00 0.755 co 676 302.00 0820 | [No experimental data is given. The last component C9 is plus component, Complete te folowing acts as fr he gas condensate ul above= Input the Herthin composition as a new fic {Moke a phase envelope using Phase Envelope option + Make a PT flash at 15°C and 1 bara using the PT fash option 2 Generate an OLGA fd property file termed {Harthuntab). Use ‘Harthun' forthe ud label. ‘The OLGA table range should be: ‘© Pressure renge = 10.200 bara mind the max pressure + Temperature range = oto 100° + Number of pressure points 50 + Number of temperature ponts = 50 ‘The OLGA Mid property te shoud conan data fortwo phases ony. Everything asi os per ‘the default settings in PVTsim, * FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 ~ Exercises. 2.3 Mixing condensate and water ‘Select from the PVTsim mein menu. Duplicate the plus Suid Bondensate, The cuplicated uid appears as the last composition and is identical to the ciginal, see below. ‘Select the duplicated composition, change the "Wel label to “Three phase" and add 0.05 mole % of water othe total composition and press Normalize ‘Generate an OLGA Mid property ttreephase tab" with the folowing specications: + Pressure ange = 110 120 bar + Temperature range 200 100°C + Number of Pressure points 50 2 Number of Temperature points = 0 Ensure that "Three phase’ is checked Use "“GasConaWet' forthe fad label, the defaults for everthing ese and generate the new ‘uid propery fle IW you get this message — ack OKbe dynamic sPTGRouUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 Exercises 3, PIPELINE SHUT-IN AND START-UP “The main goal in this exercise is to conduct well shutin and start-up simulations fm omer 10 datermine the thickness of the insulation layer needed to keep tho uid lomperatre & Iminimum of 5°C above the hydrate formation temperature during an 8 Nour shutSown peviod, {ie 8 no-ouch: time of 8 hours during which time the operators cn not need to anything the pipeline). A hydrate formation curve has been prepared based on the compesiton in the PVTsim exercise [At the end of the shutdown, the operator will have two options: 10 restart production oF t ‘epressuriee the pipeline. 10 be sure thatthe pipeline Mids remain outside hydrate formation Conditions if the production cannot be restated. The quid surge volume out of the pipeline for both the start-up and depressurisation willbe determined as well as the gas toto fare ‘The Production Engineers have also provided the proposed well profle and the expected reservoir conditions, You shall inclide the wellbore in the simulation model to assees the interactions between the well and the flowine, ‘The wellbore is 21.000 m long deviated pipe with an incination of 45° flowed by an 800 m tong vertical pipe tothe wellad. : ‘The formation cutsie the tubing can be approximated by a 0.6 m thick concentric formation layer, The formation layer shoulé be modeled with a number of layers. The physical ‘ropertes of the formation rock are given below ‘Material ‘Density ‘Specific Heat Thermal fiaimy | tg” | Conductivity (Wir Fomaton | 2249 1256 159 ‘Assume a iinear geothermal temperature gradient between the well inflow (reservoir temperature) and the seabed {from 70°C to 6°C) ‘The simulations will be performed as a series of restart simulations to reduce the computational time equied to address both the shutdown and the reslerVdepressurisaion vunTs: Create 2 now project and use the Slug S.opi case as the base case. Duplicate the original ‘sa80 and call the new case Shutdown.opl. The orginal case should then be removed from the Create a new nox he f the wellbore and Ri ” {2 new node to represent the bottom of the wellbore and name it Reservoir (Type Sioses). Dene the X and ¥ coordinates based on the information below. You wl also need to redefine ta tm eng none an I changes tom being & ternal nate, (Se teflon ea" UOCCCCCCONDNDDDDDODDDDDDD SPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA7 Exercises. ex S ig sto Sratel LATB ‘Ads the new material Formation" withthe properties given on the previous page. ‘Add a new WALL forthe wellbore wth a 6.88 mm steol wall and the formation layer included (Give tis layer into sx layers with thicknesses of 10, 20, 40, 80, 150 and 300 mm, ‘You may want to use the Property tol to make up the wal structure forthe tubing ‘Add 2 new FLOWPATH named Hathun Wellore, with the two new wellbore pipes with ID= 0.101 m, and inner wall roughmese of 0.028 mam ‘Note that the X coordinates are relative tothe wellhead end the Y coordinates are rolative 10 ‘the sea level or LAT.~ oe Wot Sectors36 Cynamic: sPT GROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 Exercises ‘The wellbore ambient temperature should be specied using the HEATTRANSFER keyword. Use averical INTERPOLATION and specity both INTAMBIENT and OUTTAMBIENT. Use a.common ambient heat ranser cosfcient (HAMBIENT) of 65 Wink. ‘You ate to use the new Harthun fd composition provided forthe PVTsim exercise. The fd property fie to be used is Mathur. tab ‘The iflow wil be simulated using a WELL Keyword instead of the MASSSOURCE previously Used” (You wil need to delete the masssource fom the previous case). The WELL model is ‘accessed frm the same location asthe Massfiow Source Drop the well and enter the following data in the Property window TIME =08 “SRESPRESSURE = 180 bara “RESTEMPERATURE= 70°C TPIPE = PIPE SSECTION= 1 SGASFRACTION {+ WATERFRACTION 1 nae} 36808 (nl ‘The WELL is located at the middle ofthe fist section of tha walbore ‘Specty a tiner infow performance relationship (IPR) {for the reservoir by selling both PRODOPTION end INJOPTION fo LINEAR *) 'SLAINJ and APROD to 0 and BIN and BPROD to p.n02003 koisPa. Add two new valves located at the Harthun Wellhead, [PIPE 2, sation §) and at the Harun riser, (PIPE 7. section 2), The wallhead vaive has a diameter of 0.089 m ‘and he platform valve has a diameter of 0.1m. ‘Add a TREND on Case level forthe varie for valve opening: VALVOP. itn rtnsle 27 The forma Tors near IPR (ntow Performance Relationship) is Q=A+ B's" {B's flowrate and aPe (Pres ~ Phottontoi) also termed the Drawdown’) You need to specify A and 'B orboth Preduston and Wisco (caraspands fo specyng bacfow condos) ia” UCCCCCCO COD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD SsPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 Exercises. 3.1 Shutdown Simulations “The nial steady state and shutdown aperations wil be performed as a single simulation. This ipbecause the insulation thickness cannot be changed as part of a RESTART simulation Run the model fr 2 hours at steady state conditions folowed by an 8 hour shutdown, Js the insulation sufficient to maintain the minimum pipeline temperature at least 5°C above the Inydrate formation temperature atthe local pressure atthe end ofthe ® hour shutdown? not, ‘etermine the required insulation level to achieve this, HINTS: ‘Both valves shall be fully open for the frst two hours ofthe simulation. Close the wellhead valve and the platform valve simutaneausly over @ period of 60 seconds to shutdown the production. Simulate a shutin period of 8 hours. The total simulation time adds up to 10 Fours, ENDTIME = 10h). “The simple way to do the valve manipulations Is 1 use time series for valve openings. This is done by clicking on the Timaseries icon, (@) in the Properties window. ‘The time is given in minutes withthe corresponding valve openings specied, (1s fully open and 0 is uly ‘Gosed) ‘The valve moves linearly with time between the time points specified withthe exact postion datermined by interpolation. (You may specify any ‘opening between O and 1.) [Add the trend variable for valve opening, VALVOP. When you have entared the data for one valve you may R-cick on that valve and open the Gaba instances table and copy ~paste time-points and ‘Openings fom the ist valve tothe other. ow 0,12, 2,500 2,20be dynamic SPT GROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 Exercises ‘The diference between the hydrate formation temperature atthe local pressure and the local fee teow ny tes acy OLA ate OHNO, ond athe a formation curve is speciied, 7 ~ an FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 Exercises “The curve willbe used by the HYORATECHECK option which is added under FLOWPATH, asshown on “Te hydrate formation cv tothe ight should be staged rior ns tho ay fer fe cae. tcl Pressure [ el = Zi 15 zr 79 a 5 @ 3 a al ita ® ze 75 a6 73 732 ies pi | 200 ‘Change the laf you like and enter the data from the table Tike right, above -directy inthe ‘above window (FROMFILE shall be NO and be aware of the unit IM you enter dala in the above window you can look and edit in the prOperty editor (you may ‘also enter the data inthe tha! table directly and you may copy data from Excel), You should get 2 curve lke the one below + Pressune bata} ‘TEMPERATURE {C1 CADveumans a Sips Cocometeit ee ‘Ada your hydral& curve and then add the variable DTHYD to the PROFILE plot (2g. on Case level) and use this variable to evaluate the lnsulation requirements Observe that since DTHYD = Thydrateform - Tiluld, DTHYD Is > 0 when the fluid temperature is below the hydrate formation temperature, Le. the fluid ean then form hydrates. Its normal to add a safety margin of about 5 C ie. when DTHYD is. > -5C it ‘could be considered dangerous. NB The acceptable margins must be evaluated in each the Floid f Jompentio Ram 0S THD 2-16 ster tof tas jhe hydyede sfepteder, 4 ow aes opernder f ora & Poitier I~ 0 within the fornafaen region SsPTGROUP UCCCCCCOCODDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD asbe dynamic sPTGRouP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 Exercises You may make new cases changing PIPELINE insulation thickness or Parametric Study" In that case selec the main parameter “Ltray Sod Ped “Thickness forthe ppsine wall oth ayes mnt be Species, see boone USE THIS DECORATION Chock profes of DTHYD sa DTHYD = 5 C whi ‘he Pipeline. How much insulation is needed to not end above a 8 of hubdown (you may disregard the riser). NB! Modify the Shutdown case withthe appropriate Insulation and runt 32 Start-up Simulations When the corect insulation has been established you wil address the pipeline startup ‘operation. This simulation can be performed as a RESTART simulation stating fom the end results ofthe shutdown simulation with the sufficient pipe insulation. Huns: (Create a duplicate case based on the shutdown simulation e.g. Shutdown opi and ew case Star-up.opi ‘Open the RESTART keyword from the Model View window as shown, (Change READFILE trom OFF to ON ‘Speciy. Shuldown.rew in the FILE key {asthe stating conons fr this simulation). « VOCCCCCEULOCUNDNDDDDDDDDD FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA Exercises, ‘Select the INTEGRATION window and change the ENDTIME to 14 hours and delete the STARTTINE. This wil ensure thatthe end te fom the Shutdown simulation is used a6 the ‘tat ime forthe Start-up simulation Modiy the valve opening sequences, The idea isto open the valves within a reasonable time. petiod with a minimum peak flow rate atthe outlet (.. ino the Wigoth separator. {Ynotaieady included, add Trend variable for valve opening, VALVOP, ané the Trend variable ACCLIQ an ie lst Boundary ofthe top-sise pipe (PIPE-7). Run the simulation and use the surge volume plotting variable to establish the required surge ‘volume (re. the Siugtracking case) ofthe separator during starbp, Assume a separator liquid Grain rato equal to the average steady slate liquid production from the frst two hours of the ‘080 (Shutdown opi ‘Gan the surge volume at start-up be reduced using a diferent start-up procedure? 3.3 Depressurisation Simulations (OPTIONAL) (Tis case wil also be a RESTART from the end of the Shutdown case) ‘The pipatine must be deprassurised to avoid hydrate formation inthe evont thatthe piping cannot be restarted immediately folowing the shuldown. A 2°NB (5 om ID) manus! valve to flare is provided upstream ofthe Wigoth Separator isolation valve. You are required to confirm That the pipeline can be depressureed through this valve without the fuid temperature fling info the hydrate formation region. You are also to confer the total quid volume generated uring the depreseurisaion operation and check to make sure tat the fare capeaty 1s not ‘exceeded “The wellhead and riser valves wil be lft closed during the depressursation simulations which ‘ull be performed by modeling the route to fare wih the OLGA LEAK model Duplicate the start-up case with a new name (and ensure that bah valves are closed), LEAKS netd a CONTROLLER which may be added on case level in the Model View window. ACONTROLLER can also be added in a RESTART case, AG nrecearion‘be dynamic sPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 Exercises: ‘The CONTROLLER s a manual controller which could have the folowing parameters, non= defaults + LABEL = MAN-CON + STROKETIME = 605 The case starts at 600 min and then the set point should be 0 (10. the leak is closed). Then the leak should be opened “over a 1 minute period (STROKETIME) after t min ‘Add a LEAK wit 8 Gameter of 5 om Ynthe pipe ‘section immediatny upstream of the with 2. diameter of Som. (A LEAK is an Process Equipment). The leak should have @ pressure of 5 bara corresponding to the re syste backpressure ‘The leak needs a controller which hich has ust been specifies 's MAN-CON To connect the Controller with the Leak: Lef-click on the blue circie near controller symbol — drag towards the Leak and release when you see the InpSig. A connecting" line should then become visible. sPTGRouUP i" : TCCCCRC OCOD ODDDODOO DOD DDD DDD? FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 Exercises ‘Ad the Trenddata variable CONTR - onthe controller i. Semper | oe a 2m coal 1 @ masincorecusn navicon Bue lee Teocoara: — = ‘Specify the TREND variable CONT the controler action Also specify the eg, following TREND leak variables: + (ACQGLKEX) Accumuiated volume of gas released downstream of leak = (ACQOLKEX) Accumulated volume of ol released downstream of leak = QGSTLK Gas standard volume flow downstream of leakage © QOSTLK Ol standard volume flow downstream of leakage Run the simulation for e.g. 30 min and confirm thatthe ud temperature in the pipeline does ‘ot fall into the hydrate fermation region. Also check the peak gas and liquid rates and the {otal volume of bquid gonerated during the depressursation HINTS: ‘Keep STARTTIME blank Use ENDTIME = 630 min ‘Adjust PROFILE to 1 mi Look at DTHYD.TM and PT forthe Pipelinebe Gynamic SPT GROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA7 Exercises YOU GET A FAX ~ RESULTS WITHIN TWO HOURS? ‘Afaxis attached and you have to respond within 2 hours. HINTS: ‘The fuid property table must cover Standard conditions (1 am and 15 C) (Create the geometry in the Geometry Editor Use eub-sea template as reference point ( y=0) EEnoure thatthe folowing variables are generated for analyss:- ‘+ PROFILE variables: HOL, ID, QLT, 6 ‘TREND variables: PT at net + TREND variables: QLT, QG at outet “The temperature option is UGIVEN and the'U-value is set in HEATTRANSFER I UOCCCOCOCURUODDDDODDDNDDD sPTGRoOUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA Exercises: EX o OIL Lid Te Academy Peon fae arr Fass ar64s44so0 Pass 2 e_Sabitiefebuckpitine cc Hite For Review ‘Tene CommesCl Pas Reply reset ‘We are considering a 56 mile (9 kn) tie-back pipeline in relatively shallow waters to one of our fxicing platforms offshore Abu Dhabi. In the inal production phase the flow is stabe, racially single phase oll. Our concem is fow stably as gas break-through is expected to {cur in year 4 of the production. The Gas Oil Ratio (GOR) is expected to go from 280 to 865, 'SIPSDI in year 4. Wo need some preliminary flow stabilty analysis to establish whether our ‘concer sjstfied wih a GOR of 85 SWISH! («= 175 SmiSm), Date: Pipaline 1D. = 11.7 in («0.297 m) ‘4stsiage separator operating pressure = 840 psia (=58 bara) Floaing Wel Heas Temperature = 175°F Gre) “The sea floor temperature = S7°F @140) Overal U value = 0.48 Btu ‘Design prodvction = 18,000 Sobileay Water ot =0 (625 Wine) Please Sid attached the reservor composition (which has @ GOR of 1125 Sf/Sbb!) and 2 {0Ugh drawing of the pipe profile. A quick reply would be highly appreciated Best Regards ‘Project coordinator OLE. sbe cynamic sPTGRaUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGAT Exercises FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGAT Exercises 5, GAS CONDENSATE PIPELINE Fuid analysis In tis exercise, a gos-condensate pipeline through tly terrain shall be simulated. The fid propety Iie tobe used Is condensate00 ab which was created inthe PVTsim exerci aes fe Nz o case has been prepared calles Inta.op! which may be found in the Gas gi" TOF se Gardeneate ret. Tho le hs act bee completed and “symbol” pipeline protia Mas a? cL S485 been used. yo eee co 435 5 9 G 2a ‘Your taskis to get the file to run and then to madiy the pinetine profie to reflect the geometry supplied by your Pipeline Engineer 28a tabulation of x coordinates inthe fle geo.ny. 1c zis NCE 2a 1s 236 NCS, S31 ce Sar Ce TRA “The pipotine oulet pressure is 1016 psia. The Mud inlet temperature is 120°F. The wall ‘thickness of the pipeline 's 2 inches, the pipeline is buried and the embient temperature is ‘OFC. The burials modelles by two 1 thick layers of sol inthe wall definition ‘You should also apply a more precise calculation of the stated flow fiction forces. To achieve that ium ov OLGA HD in the Case Definition: vei ea : 7+ properties - ‘Molecular weight = 350 kg/kmol, Density = 870 kg/m3. ‘Select OPTIONS and change the flow model to &M Grepeniion OLGA HD 2 as intecrarion | yaR SS RESTART 80 ft (24m) ad 295 (20m) sre 131 (40 m) 51 Geometry Medication moulin ine you shal eduge the numberof mural pipe sections for 5.6 miles (@ km) aan pipatine profile, while you maintain the pipe charscteistcs as close as possible to the ‘erginal in terms of total elevation and pipe anges tothe horizontal, “The idea isto maintain the total preseure lose and the liquid hold-up distribution (he total axa Jsngth wil be kopt equal tothe orginal pipe). ‘The exercise wil also guide you through the steps required to Import @ new pipeline prof nto ‘he simulation model ‘Duplicate the orginal case Initial op and save the new case as Simpiied op Expand the case structure in the Model View window. Make theFLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA7 Exercises FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA7 Exercises “The next siep is to check the angle distribution by selecting and select the file Goo.xy in the Condensate folder. (Note that tis also possible to cut and paste from Excel.) “The colour ofthe bars and the % values inthe output window indicate the difference between {he average angle of the pipes within an angle group and the average value ofthe angle group. ‘Groen, (and low %h deviation) represents 2 good match whereas red (and a high %b devation) Tepresents « poot match. The angle groups can be modified to provide a better match ‘Select and the following window wil appear. Additonal angle groups iy be added by cicking [Add] and entering the angle of the new angle group. The angle ‘90ups wil automaticaly 06 re-ordered. You can also Geeta a group and change their value. ‘Save this new geometry 8s Actua. goo. You wil now need to define the Wall structure for each be. This can be done by using standard windows copy and paste functions, SPT GROUP UECCCCCCCTOONDDDDOD DODDsPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA7 Exercises Modify the Angle Grows 10 give the following groupings. —Clekirg on {OKI vil dive the following resuls which represents a Beller match between the angle groups and the actual profile ‘The profte will then be simplifed by using the flier. This Is done by selecting ‘iter> from the main menu, Select the ‘Angle Distribution tab Move the ‘siders' for the X Stat pos. to the left to ensure that itis zero and X End postion to the ‘ight to select the entire Pipeline and set the Pipe Length for Generated Pipes to 2000 (m. Save the new geometry a {FILTERED geo}. Now compare the results by selecting the respective graphs inthe Geometry Editor window! ‘dancin ECCCCCCUCOLODDDDIODDDDDDD sSPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA 7 Exercises 9a a ii we Baa i a 0 wD EH Wt ea a ‘The angle dstibutions should also be checked to ensure that there i a reasonsble mateh. ‘The fitered geometry wil now be used as the ‘ew pipeline profile, Close the Actua. geo. Enter te ipeine Dimer (19 inches), Roughness (0.0018 in) end Wall dtinton Wall) Inthe tabular format forthe Fitorod ‘geome. (The unts may be chenged by Fa ccking on the column heading). Note thatthe cols may be Copied and Paste sig standard Windows to!be Cynenne sPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA7 Exercises inna dieesioee [Ef Wie will now specty the length of each pipe section, Select fom the ‘The Discretize selected profile window will ‘appear. Specify the Min numberof sectons per pipe 36 2 andthe Max length of sections 2s 1000 santas es] et ‘Save the geometry as (SIMPLIFIED geo} and select and check YES to update the pipeline geomet. Rename PIPE : PIPE-1 to INLET and the last pipe to OUTLET. The case should now be ready to simulate 5.2 Steady State Simulations Perform simulations with inlet flowrates of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kgis. Tabulate the inlet pressure and total quid inventory of the line at each flowrate. The parameiric study option ‘Should be used fortis task. The simulations ENDTIME should be set fo 0, i. this simulation willbe run as a traditional steady sate simulation. Make a graph ofthe inlet pressure and the liquid inventory as function of flowrate (Excel). Try to-explain the form ofthe inlet pressure curve, Ensure that Total Liquid Content (LIQC) and the pipeline inlet pressure (PT) are plotted as trends 53. Pigging Simulations \We shal pig the line with aliquid inventory resulting from running at 80 kgs. However, the gas velocity inthe pipaline at a flowrate of 80 kgls is above the maxmum alowable pg veloc ‘Therefor, the production flowrate should be reduced to 20 kals during the pigaing operation to keep the pig volooty below acceptable limits. The flowrate is to be increased to 80 kgis thy minttes after the pig has arrived. “The pig supplior has provide the folowing data forthe pig; + INSERTTIME = 90 minutes + STATICFORCE 19000 2 WALLFRICTION 9500 + LINEARFRIC ° + QUADRATICFRIC 4750 + MASS 278g = DIAMETER ‘Binches + LEAKAGEFRACTOR = 0 ‘You are required to determine the surge volume required at the pipeline outet to hancle the ig generated quid surge Hints: ‘The pig launch end trap peaiions are defined ough the POSITION keyword. Define a launch postion In the second section of the frst pipe and a trap position in the second section of the last pipe UGCCCOC ECHO NNNDD Te a SPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGA? Exercises Use the PIC keyword, which you add from FA-models under the FLOWPATH, 1 enter the pig ‘ata given above. “The simulation should be run for 60 minutes at a constant fowrate of 80 kg/s. Then start to terduce the flowrate from 80 to 20 kgls over 30 minutes and insert the pg at 90 minutes Run a short case to measure the pig velocity. Assume that the pipe length is 70 km and calclate arrival ime forthe ig. “The flowrate should then be increased to 80 kgs starting 30 ‘nutes after the pig has arrived at the tap. Now complete the case with ramp-up from 20 to BO Kals over 30 minus and simulate fora total peviod of 24h Fie the requited surge capacity in the slug catcher using the SURGELIQ variable we used in the Slug Tracking exercise”, ‘Assume a (max) dran rate oquivalent 0 1.2 times the volumeltc liquid flowrate atthe pipeline ttle for @ production flowrate of 100 ka!s, (rom the steady state simulations), (The datonal capacly represents the over design inherent in any contal valve.) ‘Add the variables UPIG and 22PIG in a separate (global) TRENDDATA specication ‘You should also add the PLOT keyword (under the bottom OUTPUT label to allow the hold- {up (HOL) in the pipaline to be visualised during the pigging operation by means of the OLGA ‘viewer (Tools) 54 Turndown Ramp-up (Optional) ‘You are also required to determine the surge volume generated as a result ofa turndown and subsequent ramo-up operction Greate a new case and run at a steady state flowrate of 100 kg/s for 1 hour. Reduce the flowrate to 40 kg/s over a 30 minute period and run for a further 48 hours. Increase the flowrate again 10 100 kals over a futher 4 hour period and run for another & hours. The total simulation time should bo 61.5 h. Be sure to adjust ploting frequences and DTOUT in the OUTPUT in order to avoid generating large output, rend and proieplt fle. Determine the size oF the iquid surge volume required atthe pipeline outlet and compare with the plgging case? What can be done to reduce the required surge volume ? " Rercember etn erderfo se fe SURGELIO variable, ACCLIC mut be pte %be dynamic SPTGROUP FLOW ASSURANCE WITH OLGAT Exercises 6. THREE PHASE FLOW - WATER MODULE ‘The water option is used in this case to determine the effect of water accumulation in the Pipeline at a production flowrate of 60 o's. ‘croate a new project under the gas Condensate directory called {Three Phase opp}. Open the case ‘Simpitied op), create a duplicate case called Water 60.0p| and remove the eriginl case from the project 6 avoid inadvertent editng. Change the inlet flowrate to 60 Wal, ‘The WATEROPTIONS FA-model (case love) shall be activated with the DISPERSIONVISC = ON and the WATERSLIP = ON. Use the fluid properties fle threephaseC0.tab which you made in the PVTsim exercise (remember to mesify the label in the FILES Keyword and change the FLUID label for the fowpath, The WATERFRACTION in the SOURCE should be set to 0.06, (i. the inet fid contains 51% ‘by weight of ree water-not including the water-vapourin the gas phase) ‘The pressure atthe outlet boundary should be reduced to 715 psia, ‘Tne integration time should be set to 2.5 days. Make sure ploting frequencies are reasonable, [Add the ploting variable total water and gas content inthe flowpath (WATC, GASC) to the ‘TREND plot keyword and water volume fracton (HOLWT) o the PROFILE plot. ‘Add the PLOT key, specifying the liquid volume lf fractions for ol and water, respectively. Use the [por OLGA viewer to lok at result, ‘Aso check "MASS SOURCE INFORMATION in the ms ‘ulput fle (ou), oe em ‘Save the case wth a different name and change TOTALWATERFRACTION to -1 nthe source, i. the teal amount of water inthe inlet fic is

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