You are on page 1of 19

/ , ( 7 8 9 2 6  . $ 5 , 8 2 0 ( 1 Ơ 6  3$ 5 ( 1 * 7 ,  .

/ $ , 3 Ơ ' 2 6
. 5 $ â 7 2  * < 1 , 0 2  3 / $ 1 $ ,  , 5  5 ( $ /< % Ơ       0 ( 7$ , 6

Vytautas Jokubauskas

ABSTRACT
The article deals with the Lithuanian Army Headquarters’ defence plans for Klaipeda Region (Memel
Territory) and Klaipeda City against Germany of the 1930s, providing options of implementation in the
HYHQWRIDPLOLWDU\FRQÀLFWEHWZHHQ/LWKXDQLDDQG*HUPDQ\7KHDUWLFOHDOVRSURYLGHVWKHGDWDRQWKH
Lithuanian armed forces at disposal in 1939, the size of the forces deployed in Klaipeda Region and on
LWVERUGHUVWKH$UP\+HDGTXDUWHUVSODQVWRXVHWKHVDLGPLOLWDU\IRUFHVDQGWKHSRWHQWLDOVFHQDULRVRIWKH
HYHQWV,QWHUPVRIWKHPLOLWDU\GRFWULQHDQRYHUYLHZRIWKHFRQGLWLRQDQGLWVSRWHQWLDOVLJQL¿FDQFHIRU
WKHVHDIURQWLHUGHIHQFHRIWKH/LWKXDQLDQ1DY\LVJLYHQ
.(<:25'6/LWKXDQLDQDUPHGIRUFHV/LWKXDQLDQPLOLWDU\GRFWULQH.ODLSHGDGHIHQFHSODQâ$',5
'LUHFWLYH.ODLSHGD5HJLRQ 0HPHO7HUULWRU\ RSHUDWLRQDOSODQ9ERUGHUSROLFH/LWKXDQLDQ5LÀHPHQ
8QLRQZDUVKLS3UH]LGHQWDV6PHWRQD%ULJDGLHU*HQHUDO6WDV\V5DãWLNLV

$127$&,-$
6WUDLSVQ\MHQDJULQơMDPL/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơVãWDERRMRGHãLPWPHþLR.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRLU
PLHVWRJ\QLPREHLJ\Q\ELQLDLSODQDLSULHã9RNLHWLMąQXPDWDQWMǐUHDOL]DYLPRJDOLP\EHV/LH
WXYRVLU9RNLHWLMRVNDULQLRNRQÀLNWRDWYHMX$SWDULDPDNRNLRPLVNDULQơPLVSDMơJRPLV/LHWXYD
GLVSRQDYRPNLHNLãMǐEXYRVXWHONWD.ODLSơGRVNUDãWHLUSDVLHQ\MHVXMXRNDLSMDVSOD
QDYRSDQDXGRWLLUNRNLXVƳY\NLǐVFHQDULMXVQXPDWơNDULXRPHQơVãWDEDV,HãNDQWVąVDMǐVXNDUL
QHGRNWULQDDSåYHOJLDPD/LHWXYRVNDULQLRODLY\QREnjNOơLUMRJDOLPDUHLNãPơSDMnjULRJ\Q\EDL
3$*5,1',1,$,ä2'ä,$,/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơ/LHWXYRVNDULQơGRNWULQD.ODLSơGRVJ\QL
PRSODQDVGLUHNW\YDâ$',5.ODLSơGRVNUDãWDVRSHUDW\YLQLVSODQDVÄ9³SDVLHQLRSROLFLMD
/LHWXYRVãDXOLǐVąMXQJDNDURODLYDVPrezidentas SmetonaEUJHQ6WDV\V 5DãWLNLV

Vytautas Jokubauskas, M. A., doktorantas


.ODLSơGRVXQLYHUVLWHWR+XPDQLWDULQLǐPRNVOǐIDNXOWHWRLVWRULMRVNDWHGUD
+HUNDXV0DQWRJ/7.ODLSơGD
El. paštas: pilsotas@yahoo.com

.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRSUREOHPDEXYRYLHQDLãGYLHMǐHVPLQLǐ3LUPRVLRV/LHWXYRV5HVSXEOLNRVXå
VLHQLRSROLWLNRVLUVDXJXPRSUREOHPǐNXULNDUWXVXSHUPDQHQWLQHÄNRYD³GơO9LOQLDXVOơPơ/LHWX
YRVSROLWLQĊUDLGąLUIRUPDYRJHRSROLWLQĊ%DOWLMRVUHJLRQRUDLGąWDUSXNDULX1DWnjUDOXNDG.ODLSơGRV
SUREOHPDWXUơMRƳWDNRV/LHWXYRVNDULQLǐJ\Q\ELQLǐSODQǐUHQJLPXLNDULXRPHQơVY\VW\PXLLUOơPơ
YDOVW\EơVVDXJXPRSROLWLNą
,VWRULRJUD¿MRMH JDQD SODþLDL LãQDJULQơWRV ± P .ODLSơGRV NUDãWR SULNODXVRP\EơV
YDOG\PR/LHWXYRVSROLWLNRVNUDãWHLUSROLWLQơVNUDãWRSHUGDYLPRP9RNLHWLMDLDSOLQN\EơV
$SWDUWL LU NDL NXULH NDULQLDL .ODLSơGRV QHWHNLPR  P DVSHNWDL WDþLDX NRNLX EnjGX /LHWXYRV
NDULXRPHQơUHQJơVLXåWLNULQWL.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRLUPLHVWRVDXJXPąEHLXRVWRNRQWUROĊQHW\ULQơWD
/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơVSDVLUHQJLPDVãDOLHVJ\Q\EDL±P\UDYLHQDNRQWURYHUVLãNLDXVLǐ
;;D/LHWXYRVLVWRULMRVSUREOHPǐ7DLLUSDVNDWLQRPXVLPWLVãLRW\ULPRNXULRWLNVODV±LãDQDOL]XRWL
.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRWDUSXNDULXJ\Q\ERVSODQXVLUDSåYHOJWLPNRYRPơQ/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơV
DWVLWUDXNLPą

#$!(¯'+#*æ,'&#+!"  E('$!,!&!!!'$'!&!!+'!$!&!!!*#*!&!!+(#,!
;L9 AKLGJA;9-FAN=JKAL9LAK#D9AH=<=FKAK00!
  ʪ  !++& 
 
.1,-,+"'#--+#+

/LHWXYRVNDULQơVSDMơJRV.ODLSơGRVNUDãWHPHWDLV

P/LHWXYRVNDULQHVSDMơJDV.ODLSơGRVNUDãWHVXGDUơGDOLVRMRLURMRSơVWLQLQNǐSXONǐ
33 RMRDUWLOHULMRVSXONR $3 EnjU\VNDURODLYDVPrezidentas Smetona/LHWXYRVãDXOLǐVąMXQJRV
/â6 ;;.ODLSơGRVULQNWLQơLU;;,,*HOHåLQNHOLǐULQNWLQơVGDOLVSDVLHQLRSROLFLMRVGDOLQLDLRMR
33GYLUDWLQLQNǐNXRSDVWRYơMR3DJơJLXRVHSXONRãWDEDVLU,EHL,,EDWDOLRQDL7DXUDJơMH,,,EDWDOLR
QDVäHPDLþLǐ1DXPLHVW\MH1PEDODQGåLRGDWNXUWRRMR3LOơQǐ.XQLJDLNãþLR0DUJLULR33
GDOLVLNLPVWRYơMR.ODLSơGRMH1DXMDLIRUPXRMDPRRMR33SDJULQGXWDSR.ODLSơGRMHEXYĊV
RMR33,EDWDOLRQDVRP3OXQJơMHQDXMDLEXYRVXIRUPXRWDVLU,,SXONREDWDOLRQDVP
Ƴ.ODLSơGąEXYRDWNHOWDVYLHQDVRMR$3SDEnjNOǐEnjU\V3
*DOLPHSDå\PơWLNDGVDQW\NLDLWDUS/LHWXYRVNDULǐLU.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRJ\YHQWRMǐEXYRJDQD
ƳWHPSWLPHWDLVUXRãLDQWLVSDPLQơWL/LHWXYRVQHSULNODXVRP\EơVąVLDVPHWLQHV.ODLSơGRV
ƳJXORV YLUãLQLQNDV UDãơ Ä! .ODLSơGRV LU 0DFLNǐ ƳJXOǐ NDULXRPHQơV GDO\V VWRYL QHSDODQNLRVH
VX YLHWRV YLVXRPHQH VXJ\YHQLPR VąO\JRVH 'DOLV YLVXRPHQơV \UD VXYRNLHWơMXVL VX QHDS\NDQWD
åLnjULQWLƳNDULXVNDVVXGDURQHOHLGåLDQþLDVVXMDLVNDULDPVEHQGUDXWLDSOLQN\EHV,UWRMLYLVXRPHQơV
GDOLVJ\YHQDYLVDLQXRNDULǐDWVLVN\UXVLVXMDLVNXOWnjULãNDLQLHNREHQGUDQHWXUơGDPD!âDOLD
YRNLãNRVLRVGDOLHVHVDQþLRMLOLHWXYLǐYLVXRPHQơVXNXULDNDULDPVSULGHUơWǐNXOWnjULãNDLEHQGUDXWL
PDWHULDOLDL\UDVLOSQD*\YHQDPDåXNXOWnjULQLǐSUDPRJǐVNDLþLXPL³%XYRNRQVWDWXRWDNDGƳJXORV
QHWXUơMRWLQNDPǐSDWDOSǐUHQJLQLDPVRPLHVWHXåSDWDOSDVEXYRLPDPDVGLGHOLVQXRPRVPRNHVWLV
WDGSDGơþLDLSDJHULQWLEXYRVLnjORPDVWHLJWL.ODLSơGRVƳJXORVWHDWUą
PVDXVLRG3DJơJLǐƳJXOąVXGDUơRMR33,EDWDOLRQRRMLGYLUDWLQLQNǐNXRSDLUPRWRUL
]XRWDVVXQNLǐMǐNXONRVYDLGåLǐEnjU\V±NDULQLQNDLSXVNDULQLQNLDLLUNDULDL LãYLVRY\UDL 
ƲJXODWXUơMRãDXWXYąOHQJYXRVLXVNXONRVYDLGåLXVVXQNLXRVLXVNXONRVYDLGåLXV[PP
OerlikonDXWRPDWLQƳSDEnjNOąVXQNYHåLPLXVPRWRFLNOǐYHåLPąYLUWXYĊLUDUNOLXVP
VSDOLRGRMR33.ODLSơGRVƳJXORMHEXYRNDULǐQRUVSDJDOHWDWXVSULNODXVơ WUnjNRND
ULǐ 3OXQJơVƳJXORMHEXYRRMR33NDULDLLãYLVRSXONH±NDULDL Pagal taikos meto etatus
1UYDULDQWDVVNLUWDVWLNDMDP33 NXULHƳVLJDOLRMRQXRPNRYRGSXONHWXUơMR
EnjWLNDULQLQNDLLUNDULDLFLYLOLVWDUQDXWRMDVEHLDUNOLǐPNRYRGNDULXRPHQơV
YDGDVƳVDNơƳ.ODLSơGRVƳJXOąMDXQǐNDUHLYLǐQHVNLUWLRSDþLąƳJXOąODLN\WLNXRSLOQHVQơVVXGơWLHV
PNRYRGRMR33VXGơW\MH .ODLSơGRVLU3OXQJơVƳJXORVH EXYRåPRQơV NDULQLQ
NDLãDXNWLQLDLNDULDLYLUãWDUQ\ELQLVNDU\VFLYLOLǐWDUQDXWRMǐLUDXNOơWLQLǐ 9 Taigi per

1
 PDMDP33DWY\NXVƳ.ODLSơGRVNUDãWą,LU,,,EDWDOLRQDLDSVLVWRMR.ODLSơGRMH,,EDWDOLRQDVVWRYơMRâLOXWơMH
0DFLNǐGYDUHP.ODLSơGRMHVWRYơMĊV,,,EDWDOLRQDVEXYRLãIRUPXRWDVPRMR33ãWDEDVLU,,EDWDOLRQDV
VWRYơMĊVâLOXWơMH EXYRSHUNHOWLƳ7DXUDJĊNXULããLREUDQGXROLRLãDXJRLNLWULMǐEDWDOLRQǐSXONR.ODLSơGRMHOLNĊV
,EDWDOLRQDVWDSRQDXMDLIRUPXRMDPRRMR33SDJULQGX67$7.869/LHWXYRVJLQNOXRWRVLRVSDMơJRV±P
&KLFDJRSPJHJXåơVGLã.ODLSơGRVNUDãWR.XOơãǐNDLPRƳäHPDLþLǐ1DXPLHVWƳQXRODWLQLR
VWRYơMLPRYLHWąEXYRSHUNDOWDRMR33RMLNXRSD,,,SơVWLQLQNǐGLYL]LMRVãWDERYLUãLQLQNDV.DULXRPHQơVãWDER
YLUãLQLQNXLPJHJXåơVG/&9$IDSEO

 67$7.8692SFLWS±
3
 .DULXRPHQơVãWDERPOLHSRVGƳVDN\PDV/&9$IDSEO

 $ä8%$/,6$HWDO.DURSHGDJRJLND/LHWXYRMH ±P 9LOQLXVS±

 7DXUDJơVULQNWLQơVVXGơWLHVåLQLRVPVDXVLRG/&9$IDSEO

 RMR33YDGRPVSDOLRGUDSRUWDV/&9$IDSEO

 3ơVWLQLQNǐSXONRWDLNRVPHWRHWDWDL1U YDULDQWDV 7DLNRPDVWLNSơVWSXONXLPNRYRG/&9$,
IDSEO

 ,,,3'ãWDERƳVDN\PDVRMR33YDGXLPNRYRG/&9$IDSEO
9
 .ODLSơGRVNUDãWHLUäHPDLWLMRMHGLVORNXRWRV,,,3'VXGơW\MHEXYRåPRQơV NDULQLQNDLãDXNWLQLVNDU\V
 YLUãWDUQ\ELQLDL NDULDL  FLYLOLDL WDUQDXWRMDL LU  DXNOơWLQLDL  R VX LXRMX .3 LU LąMD UDLWRVLRV DUWLOHULMRV


$!,-.'+#*!-'%&¯+(*&,!#$!(¯'+#*æ,'1&!%'($&!!**$1¯  %,!+

NHWXULVPơQHVLXVDVLV33SDGLGơMRDSLH NDULDLV PNRYRGƳąMƳ33.ODLSơGRV


ƳJXOąDWY\NRGDUNDULǐLãNLWǐSXONǐ LãRMR33±LRMR33±RMR33 .RQVWDWXRWD
NDGLNLSLOQRVVXGơWLHVSDJDOHWDWǐVąUDãąWUnjNRåPRQLǐRNDUHLYLQơVEXYRSHUSLOG\WRVLUGDXJLDX
åPRQLǐMRVHQHWLOSWǐ10 Karo laivo Prezidentas SmetonaƳJXOąWXRPHWXVXGDUơåPRQơV NDUL
QLQNDLãDXNWLQLǐYLUãWDUQ\ELQLǐNDULǐLUFLYLOLǐ .ODLSơGRVNDURNRPHQGDQWnjURMHWXRPHWX
EXYRNDULQLQNDLLUFLYLOLǐWDUQDXWRMǐ11PNRYRG.ODLSơGRVƳJXOąJDOơMRVXGDU\WLDSLH
NDULǐ
 P JUXRGåLR PơQ ;; .ODLSơGRV ULQNWLQơMH EXYR  ULNLXRWơV ãDXOLǐ 5LQNWLQơ WXUơMR
OHQJYXRVLXVNXONRVYDLGåLXVãRYLQLǐMLHPVãDXWXYXVLUãRYLQLXVMLHPVSLV
WROHWǐVXãRYLQLǐLUJUDQDWǐ.ODLSơGRVPLHVWHEXYRãDXOLDLNXULHWXUơMRNXONRVYDL
GåLXVLUãRYLQLǐãDXWXYXVVXãRYLQLDLVSLVWROHWXVVXãRYLQLǐLUJUDQDWǐ
.ODLSơGRVDSVNULW\MHEXYRãDXOLDLNXULHWXUơMRãDXWXYXVãRYLQLǐSLVWROHWXVVX
ãRYLQLDLV,ãYLVR.ODLSơGRVDSVNULW\MHEXYRãDXOLDL3DJơJLǐDSVNULW\MHEXYRãDXOLDL
NXULHWXUơMRNXONRVYDLGåLXVãRYLQLǐMLHPVãDXWXYXVLUãRYLQLǐSLVWROHWXVVX
ãRYLQLDLVâLOXWơVDSVNULW\MHEXYRãDXOLDLWXUơMRNXONRVYDLGåLXVãRYLQLǐãDX
WXYǐLUãRYLQLǐMLHPVSLVWROHWǐLUãRYLQLǐ
%H;;.ODLSơGRVãDXOLǐULQNWLQơVNUDãWHGDUYHLNơ;;,,JHOHåLQNHOLǐULQNWLQơVãDXOLǐGDOLQLDLNXULH
NDULQLR NRQÀLNWR DWYHMX WXUơMR VDXJRWL JHOHåLQNHOLR REMHNWXV .ODLSơGRV NUDãWR JHOHåLQNHOLDL SULNODXVơ
5DGYLOLãNLRJHOHåLQNHOLǐNRPHQGDQWnjURVUXRåXL.ODLSơGRVDSVNULWLHVVWRWLV %DMRUDL.UHWLQJDOơ.DORWơ
*LUXOLDL.ODLSơGD5LPNDL WXUơMRVDXJRWLRVLRV.ODLSơGRVVWRWLHVNXRSRVãDXOLDL3ULHNXOơVVWRWƳ
WXUơMRVDXJRWLRMRâLOXWơVVWRWLHVEnjULRãDXOLDLâLOXWơVDSVNULWLHVVWRWLV 9LON\þLDL.XNRULDLäHPDLW
NLHPLVâLOXWơ-XNQDLþLDL LU3DJơJLǐDSVNULWLHVNjVơQǐVWRWƳWXUơMRVDXJRWLRMRâLOXWơVVWRWLHVEnjULR
ãDXOLDL3DJơJLǐDSVNULWLHVVWRWLV 6WRQLãNLV$QXåLDL3DJơJLDL*XGDL*HQLDL*ULHåSHONLDL WXUơMRVDXJRWL
RMR3DJơJLǐVWRWLHVEnjULRãDXOLDL%HQGUDL.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRVWRWLVVDXJRWLWXUơMR;;,,JHOH
åLQNHOLǐULQNWLQơVãDXOLDL13,ãYLVR.ODLSơGRVNUDãWHPJUXRGåLRPơQEXYRULNLXRWơVãDXOLDL
.ODLSơGRVNUDãWHSDVLHQLRSROLFLMDEXYRDWVNLUDLUWXUơMRVDYRVWUXNWnjUąEHLDWOLNRQHWLNSDVLHQLR
DSVDXJRVEHWLUYLHãRVLRVSROLFLMRVIXQNFLMDV7DUSXNDULX.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRVLHQąVX9RNLHWLMDVDX
JRMRNRPLVDUDLY\UYDFKPLVWUǐLUYDFKPLVWUǐ SDUHLJnjQDL PNRYą.ODLSơGRV
PLHVWHEXYRDSLH/LHWXYRVNDULǐLUãDXOLǐR/LHWXYRVJLQNOXRWRVLRVSDMơJRVNUDãWHVLHNơDSLH
åPRQLǐ±P/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơ.ODLSơGRVNDUãWHLUSDVLHQ\MHVXMXRQHGLGơMRR
WLNãLHNWLHNVY\UDYRGơOQDXMRNǐãDXNLPǐ
PNDULXRPHQĊSRPRELOL]DFLMRVWXUơMRVXGDU\WLNDULDLW\DSLHJ\
YHQWRMǐ7DLNRVPHWRNDULXRPHQơMHPNRYRPơQEXYRNDULDL, nors pagal etatus
NDULXRPHQĊWXUơMRVXGDU\WLNDULDL197DLEXYRDNLYDL]GLSDåDQJDSDO\JLQWLVXPNDL

EDWHULMD±åPRQơVäPRQLǐLUDUNOLǐVXGơWLHVåLQLRVPNRYRG/&9$IDSEO±DSO
10
 RMR33YDGRPNRYRGUDSRUWDV/&9$IDSEO
11
 äPRQLǐLUDUNOLǐVXGơWLHVåLQLRVPNRYRG/&9$IDSEO±DSO

 ;;.ODLSơGRVãDXOLǐULQNWLQơVSDQDXGRMLPRSODQDV .ODLSơGRVPLHVWRLUDSVNULWLHV PJUXRGåLRG/&9$,
IDSEO±
13
 âDXOLǐSDQDXGRMLPRSODQDV,,,3'PVSDOLRG/&9$IDSEO±

 0$1ý,16.$6ý3ROLFLMD/LHWXYRMH±PHWDLV9LOQLXVS±

 -$.8%ý,21,6$/LHWXYRVPXLWLQơ9LOQLXVS

 9$,ý(121,6-/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơYDOVW\EơVSROLWLQLRJ\YHQLPRYHUSHWXRVH ± 9LOQLXV S

  P VDXVLR  G /LHWXYRMH EH .ODLSơGRV NUDãWR J\YHQWRMǐ J\YHQR    J\YHQWRMǐ /LHWXYRV VWDWLVWLNRV
PHWUDãWLVP.DXQDVS

 9$,ý(121,6-/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơVVNDLþLDL±P.DURDUFK\YDVWS
19
 .DULXRPHQơVVXGơWLVWDLNRVLUNDURPHWX/&9$IDSEO


.1,-,+"'#--+#+

NDULXRPHQơMHEXYRNDULDLRUH]HUYH±NDULQLQNDLLUNDUHLYLDLPSUDGåLR
MHNDURDWYHMXNDULXRPHQĊEnjWǐVXGDUĊSơVWLQLQNǐGLYL]LMRV 3' SơVWLQLQNǐEULJDGD 33
$3 DWVDUJRVSơVWLQLQNǐEDWDOLRQDLDWVDUJRVDUWLOHULMRVSXONDVNDYDOHULMRVSXONDL .3 DW
VDUJRVNDYDOHULMRVHVNDGURQDLSDVLHQLRDSVDXJRVEDWDOLRQǐ 3$% DYLDFLMDãDUYXRþLǐULQNWLQơ
â5 LUNLWLGDOLQLDLEHLWDUQ\ERV$SWDULDPXRMXODLNRWDUSLX/LHWXYRMHEXYRDSLHSDVLHQLR
SROLFLQLQNǐPVSDOƳYLHãRMRMHJHOHåLQNHOLǐLUUH]HUYRSROLFLMRMHWDUQDYRSDUHLJnjQDL
PSU/â6EXYRSDGDOLQLDL NXRSRVLUEnjULDL VXULNLXRWơVãDXOLDLV6ąMXQJDWXUơMR
ãDXWXYXVOHQJYXRVLXVNXONRVYDLGåLXVSLVWROHWǐJUDQDWDVãRYL
QLXV'DOLVãDXOLǐPRELOL]DFLMRVPHWXJDOơMREnjWLSDãDXNWLƳUHJXOLDULRVLRVNDULXRPHQơVGDOLQLXV
ãDXOLDL VXGDUơ LU 3$% GDOƳ *LQNOǐ /â6 WXUơMR PDåGDXJ   Y\Uǐ QRUV NDULXRPHQơV VDQGơ
OLXRVHEXYRSDNDQNDPDVãDXWXYǐUH]HUYDV$SUnjSLQXVNDULXRPHQĊEXYRJDOLPDLUYLVXVãDXOLXV
DSJLQNOXRWLMǐQHPRELOL]DYXV7DLJL/LHWXYRVJLQNOXRWąVLDVSDMơJDVNDURDWYHMXJDOơMRVXGDU\WLQXR
LNLY\UǐDUEDDSLH±'LGåLRVLRV/LHWXYRVJ\YHQWRMǐ3DQDãǐVNDLþLǐ
QXURGơLU-RQDV9DLþHQRQLVÄ!SHUSHQNHULXVPHWXV>±±9-.@NDULXRPHQơMDXEXYR
SDVLUHQJXVLPRELOL]XRWLLUDSUnjSLQWL±WnjNVWNDULǐSDNDQNDPDLJHUDLVJLQNODLV³7RNƳND
ULXRPHQơVG\GƳOơPơQHåPRQLǐ±UH]HUYLVWǐ±VW\JLXVRJLQNOXRWơVWUnjNXPDV$SLHYLVǐ
.ODLSơGRVNUDãWHEXYXVLǐJLQNOXRWǐMǐSDMơJǐJ\YRVLRVMơJRVVXGDUơ/â6QDULDLLUGLGåLRMLGDXJXPD
SDMơJǐEXYRGLVORNXRWD.ODLSơGRVNUDãWH0RELOL]DFLMRVDWYHMX/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơWXUơMRSDGL
GơWLDSLH±NDUWXV

*\Q\ELQLDLSODQDL9RNLHWLMRVJUơVPơVDNLYDL]GRMH

$QRWLVWRULNR-9DLþHQRQLRLDMDPHGHãLPWPHW\MH/LHWXYRVNDULQơMHGRNWULQRMHSUDNWLãNDLEXYR
QXPDW\WDVYLHQLQWHOLVSULHãDV±/HQNLMDSULHãNXULąEXYRQXPDWRPLQHWLNJ\Q\ELQLDLNDULQLDLEHW
LU SXRODPLHML YHLNVPDL VLHNLDQW DWVLLPWL 9LOQLǐ 7DþLDX DMDPH GHãLPWPHW\MH SDNLWXV WDUSWDXWLQHL
SDGơþLDL9RNLHWLMDMDXEXYRƳYDUG\WDNDLSHYHQWXDOXVSULHãDVJDOLQWLVSUHWHQGXRWLƳ.ODLSơGRVNUDãWą
PNDLNDULXRPHQHLYDGRYDXWLEXYRSDVNLUWDVJHQãWSONOWQ6WDV\V5DãWLNLVNDULXRPHQơEXYR


 9\ULDXVLRMRãWDERYLUãLQLQNRPOLHSRVGUDSRUWDV.UDãWRDSVDXJRVPLQLVWUXL/&9$IDSEO

 -2.8%$86.$697XãþLDVãnjYLVJDOLP\EơVDWUHPWL9RNLHWLMRVNDULQĊJUơVPĊPHWDLV,VWRULMD1U
S

 0$1ý,16.$6ý2SFLWS±

 ,ããDXOLǐ,UnjãLHVUH]HUYLVWǐEXYR,,UnjãLHVLNLPUH]HUYLVWǐ±NDULXRPHQơMHQHWDUQDYXVLǐLNL
PY\Uǐ±LUNDULXRPHQơMHWDUQDYXVLǐLUQHWDUQDYXVLǐãDXOLǐY\UHVQLǐQHLYLUãP,ãEHQGURPLQơWR
VNDLþLDXVãDXOLDLEXYRDWOHLVWLQXRPRELOL]DFLMRV0DQ\WXPHNDGãLVVNDLþLXVãDXOLǐFLYLOLQLDPHJ\YHQLPHơMR
DWVDNLQJDV SDUHLJDV GơO NXULǐ QXR WDUQ\ERV NDUR PHWX EXYR DWOHLVWL .DUR DWYHMX SULH JLQNOR WXUơMR EnjWL SDãDXNWL
ãDXOLDL'ơO/â6YDGRUDãWR1UP/&9$IDSEDSO

 POLHSRVGNDULXRPHQơWXUơMRMauserVLVWHPRVLUNLWǐVLVWHPǐãDXWXYǐEHLNDUDELQǐ.DULXRPHQHL
SDJDOHWDWXVUHLNơMRãDXWXYǐOLNXWLV±Mauser EHQGUDL ãDXWXYDL%HWROHQJYǐMǐãDXOLRJLQNOǐ
GDUWXUơMR/â6LUSROLFLMD*LQNODYLPRWXUWRVWRYLRåLQLRVPOLHSRVG/&9$IDSEO

 /LHWXYRVNDULQHVSDMơJDVNDURPHWXJDOơMRVXGDU\WLQXR NDULXRPHQơSROLFLMDSDVLHQLHþLDLLUãDXOLDLNXULH
QHEXYRNDULXRPHQơVUH]HUYLVWDL LNL NDULXRPHQơSROLFLMDSDVLHQLHþLDLLU
YLVLULNLXRWơVãDXOLDL Y\Uǐ

 %5$7,.$6/äYLOJVQLVƳVYDUELDXVLXV/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơVåLQJVQLXVKardas1US

 65DãWLNLVUDãơNDGÄ!WXUơGDPDVJDOYRMH/LHWXYRVJ\YHQWRMǐLUDWVDUJRVNDULǐVNDLþLǐYDOVW\EơVPHGåLDJLQLXV
UHVXUVXV LU DSJLQNODYLPR JDOLPXPXV SDGDULDX LãYDGą NDG NDUR DWYHMX PHV WXUơWXPH Lã NDUWR SDVWDW\WL DQW NRMǐ
NHWXULDV VWLSULDV SơVWLQLQNǐ GLYL]LMDV !$WHLW\MH JDOLPD EnjWǐ SDGLGLQWL GLYL]LMǐ VNDLþLǐ LNL ãHãLǐ ! QHV WXR
WDUSXGDUQHJDOơMRPHMǐDSJLQNOXRWL!9LVNDVWDLEXYRGDURPDQHGơOåPRQLǐLUNDULãNDLDSPRN\WǐDWVDUJRVNDULǐ
WUnjNXPR EHW GơO Oơãǐ LU JLQNOǐ VWRNRV$WVDUJRV NDULǐ PXPV QHWUnjNR³ 5$â7,.,6 6 .RYRVH GơO /LHWXYRV7 
9LOQLXVS


$!,-.'+#*!-'%&¯+(*&,!#$!(¯'+#*æ,'1&!%'($&!!**$1¯  %,!+

SDYRMRSơVWLQLQNǐäHPDLþLǐNXQLJDLNãþLR%XWLJHLGåLRSXONRNDULQLQNDLNDULQLQNǐUDPRYơMH
3LUPRMHHLOơMHDVLãNDLUơV±SXONRYDGDVSXONLQLQNDV3HWUDV*HQ\V
±DV±PDMRUDV3HWUDV7DUDVHQNDP
1XRWUDXND\UD9\WDXWR'LGåLRMRNDURPX]LHMDXVQXRVDY\Eơ

SDYRMRSơVWLQLQNǐäHPDLþLǐNXQLJDLNãþLR%XWLJHLGåLRSXONRNDULQLQNDL
NDUHLYLQLǐWHULWRULMRMH.ODLSơGDP
1XRWUDXND\UD9\WDXWR'LGåLRMRNDURPX]LHMDXVQXRVDY\Eơ


.1,-,+"'#--+#+

SHUGLVORNXRWDRPRELOL]DFLMDWXUơMRY\NWLWHULWRULQLXSDJULQGX5HPLDQWLVNDULQơVGRNWULQRVQXVWDW\WR
PLVJDLUơPLVNDULXRPHQơVãWDEDVSDUHQJơGXJ\Q\ELQLXVSODQXV±Ä/³ /HQNLMD LUÄ9³ 9RNLHWLMD 
2SHUDW\YLQLVSODQDVÄ9³WXUơMRGXYDULDQWXV±$LU%SLUPDVLVEXYRVNLUWDVWDPDWYHMXLMHL9RNLHWLMD
VLHNWǐXåLPWLWLN.ODLSơGRVNUDãWąRDQWUDVLV±MHLJXEDQG\VXåLPWLYLVą/LHWXYą7DLSSDWEXYRSD
UHQJWDVWDUSLQLVSODQDVÄ/9³VNLUWDVJ\Q\EDLYLHQXPHWXXåSXROXVLU/HQNLMDLLU9RNLHWLMDL.DGãLV
SODQDVJDOơMREnjWLUHDOL]XRWDVOLXGLMDPNRYRƳY\NLDLNDL/HQNLMDSDWHLNơ/LHWXYDLXOWLPDWXPą
LU9RNLHWLMRVNDULQơVSDMơJRVNRQÀLNWRDWYHMXEXYRSDVLUHQJXVLRVƳVLYHUåWLƳ/LHWXYą
6NLUWLQJDLQHLNLWRVãDO\V/LHWXYDVDYRSDVLHQ\MHƳWYLUWLQLPǐQHVWDWơ7RNLąSR]LFLMąLNLP
PDQ\WXPH JDOLPD SDDLãNLQWL ULERWDLV YDOVW\EơV LãWHNOLDLV LOJRPLV VLHQRPLV LU QHDSVLVSUHQGLPX
NXULVSRWHQFLDOXVÄSULHãDV³±/HQNLMDDU9RNLHWLMD±NHOLDUHDOǐSDYRMǐ%HWRHVDQWDWYLULHPVVSDU
QDPV NDL SULHãDV JDOơMR ƳWYLUWLQLPXV DSHLWL YLHQ VWDEG\PR WLNVODLV J\Q\ELQLǐ ƳWYLUWLQLPǐ VWDW\
WL QHDSVLPRNơMR30 .DULQLR NRQÀLNWR DWYHMX /LHWXYRV NDULXRPHQơ SODQDYR PDNVLPDOLDL LãQDXGRWL
JDPWLQHVNOLnjWLV XSHVHåHUXVPLãNXVSHONHV DWVLWUDXNLDQWDWOLNWLPDVLQLXVDUG\PR VSURJGLQLPR 
GDUEXVQDLNLQWLNHOLXVLUWLOWXV7DGJ\Q\ERVVWUDWHJLMDEXYRSDUHPWDDWVLWUDXNLPXPDQHYUXRMDQW
LUVWDEGDQWSULHãąSDJULQGLQLǐNRPXQLNDFLMRVOLQLMǐNU\SWLPLV1HDWVLWLNWLQDLSDJULQGLQLǐJ\Q\ERV
OLQLMǐULERPLVEXYRSDVLULQNWRVGLGåLDXVLRV/LHWXYRVXSơVRSDþLRVJ\Q\ERVOLQLMRVEXYRSODQXRMD
PRVNUDãWRJLOXPRMH.RQÀLNWRVX9RNLHWLMDDWYHMXSDJDORSHUDW\YLQƳSODQąÄ9³/LHWXYRVNDULXR
PHQơWXUơMRDWVLWUDXNWLLUJLQWLVXåOLQLMRV9HQWD±'XE\VD±1HPXQDV31SDJDOSODQąÄ/³±XåSXROXV
/HQNLMDL±XåOLQLMRV1HPXQDV±1HYơåLV$ELHPDWYHMDLVJ\Q\EDLEXYRQXPDW\WDSDQDXGRWLFDULQơV
5XVLMRVVWDW\Wą.DXQRWYLUWRYĊNXULWXUơMRSDGơWLVXODLN\WLSULHãąNROLãODLNLQRVLRVVRVWLQơVHYD
NXRVLV9\ULDXV\EơLUNLWRVYDOVW\ELQơVLQVWLWXFLMRV&LYLOLǐJ\YHQWRMǐHYDNXDFLMDLãPLHVWRQHEXYR
QXPDW\WDRYDOGåLRVƳVWDLJRV9RNLHWLMRVSXROLPRDWYHMXWXUơMRWUDXNWLVƳ=DUDVǐ5RNLãNLR%LUåǐLU
8WHQRVDSVNULWLV5HVSXEOLNRV3UH]LGHQWDVWXUơMRWUDXNWLVƳ5RNLãNƳ.$0ƳVWDLJRV±Ƴ3DQHYơåƳR
NDULXRPHQơVãWDEDV±Ƴ6XUYLOLãNƳ33
3ULHGDQJąLUVLHQǐXåGDU\PąWXUơMRXåWLNULQWLPVXIRUPXRWL3$%9LVąSDVLHQƳVDXJRMR
3$%LãMǐ ,±93$% ±SDVLHQƳVX9RNLHWLMD 9,±;,,3$% ±DGPLQLVWUDFLQĊOLQLMąVX/HQNL
MD;;/â6.ODLSơGRVULQNWLQơVãDXOLDL3$%QHSULNODXVơQHV,±,,,3$%PRELOL]DYRVLäHPDLWLMRMH
RQH.ODLSơGRVNUDãWHLUWLNLããDXOLǐEHLUH]HUYLVWǐ-ǐPRELOL]DFLMDQHDWLWLNRSDJULQGLQLǐNLWRVH
YLHWRVHWDLN\WǐSULQFLSǐNXUGDOLQLDLIRUPXRMDPLDUWLVLHQRV

.ODLSơGRVPLHVWRLUNUDãWRJ\Q\ERVSODQDL

9LHQDLã/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơVãWDERƳYDUG\WǐJUơVPLǐ.ODLSơGRVNUDãWHEXYRYLHWLQLǐVHSDUD
WLVWLãNDLQXVLWHLNXVLǐYRNLHþLǐVXNLOLPDVPNRYRGEXYRSDUHQJWDVSODQDVVXNLOXVLHPV
YRNLHþLDPVPDOãLQWLPNDULXRPHQơVãWDEDVSDSLOGRPDLQXURGơNDULXRPHQHLSDGơWLPDOãLQWL
QHUDPXPXV WXR DWYHMX MHL SROLFLMD LU ãDXOLDL WR SDGDU\WL QHSDMơJV %XYR QXURG\WD VWHQJWLV QHLã

 9$,ý(121,6-%DOWLMRVSDNUDQWơVDSVDXJRVSUREOHPRVSDJDO/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơVPRGHUQL]DYLPR±P
SODQXVKardas1US

 -2.8%$86.$692SFLWS
30
 3(75,.Ơ1$69 ,QåLQHULQơV SULHPRQơV /LHWXYRV J\Q\ERMH ±  ,Q ;; DPåLDXV IRUWL¿NDFLMD /LHWXYRMH
.DXQDVS
31
 -2.8%$86.$692SFLWS

 5DSRUWDV.UDãWRDSVDXJRVPLQLVWUXLPODSNULþLRG/&9$IDSEO±3DVWDERVGơOÄ.DXQR
J\QLPRSODQR³PVSDOLRG/&9$IDSEO±
33
 1XPDWRPDV NDULXRPHQơV EnjVWLQơV LU .UDãWR DSVDXJRV PLQLVWHULMRV ƳVWDLJǐ HYDNXRWǐ YDOGLQLǐ ƳVWDLJǐ LãGơVW\PDV
DSOHLGXV.DXQąPVDXVLRG/&9$IDSEO±

 .DULXRPHQơVãWDEDV,,,VN\ULXVPVDXVLRG1U/&9$IDSEO±

90
$!,-.'+#*!-'%&¯+(*&,!#$!(¯'+#*æ,'1&!%'($&!!**$1¯  %,!+

VNODLG\WLRMR33SDMơJǐ\SDþ0DFLNǐƳJXODL3UDUDGXVU\ãƳVXNDULQHYDGRY\EHEXYRQXURG\WD
YHLNWLVDYDUDQNLãNDL3DVWHEơMXVãDXOLǐEnjULǐLUSROLFLMRVYDGǐQHYHLNOXPąQXURG\WDMXRVQXãDOLQWL
LULQIRUPXRWLYDGRY\EĊ.DLSJUơVPơEXYRƳYDUG\WLLUYLHWRVNRPXQLVWDLNXULHJDOơMRRUJDQL]XRWL
QHUDPXPXV
RMRGHãLPWPHþLRSUDGåLRMH/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơVSDUHQJWXRVH.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRJ\QLPRSOD
QXRVHEXYRQXPDW\WDNDG.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRÄYRNLãNDVJDLYDODV³SDODLNRPDV9RNLHWLMRVJDOLVX
NLOWL LU VXNXUWL SUHWHNVWą ƳVLYHUåWL9RNLHWLMRV NDULXRPHQHL NDG ãL XåLPWǐ .ODLSơGRV NUDãWą %XYR
QXPDW\WDNDGVXNLOLPRDWYHMXYRNLHþLDLEDQG\VXåLPWLYDOGåLRVSDãWRWHOHIRQRWHOHJUDIRƳVWDLJDV
JHOHåLQNHOLXVLUXRVWąR9RNLHWLMRVSDMơJRVƳVLYHUãSHU1HPXQą åUåHPơODSƳƳNOLMRMH 3DWRJLDXVLR
PLVNU\SWLPLVYRNLHþLDPVƳVLYHUåWLLã5\Wǐ3UnjVLMRVEXYRODLNRPRVD 5XVQơ±âLOXWơE âDNnjQơOLDL±
âLOXWơF .DXNơQDL±âLOLQLQNDL±-XNQDLþLDLG 7LOåơ±3DQHPXQơ±3DJơJLDLH  5DJDLQơ±9LON\ãNLDL
/LHWXYRVJLQNOXRWąVLDVSDMơJDVVXGDUơSDVLHQLRSROLFLMDãDXOLDLLUUHJXOLDULRMLNDULXRPHQơNUDãWH
3DVLHQLRSROLFLMDEXYRSDGDOLQWDƳWULVJUXSHV .ODLSơGRVâLOXWơVLU3DJơJLǐ SDJDODSVNULþLǐWHULWR
ULMRMHULEDV7DLSSDWSDJDODSVNULWLVƳWULVNXRSDVWXUơMREnjWLSDGDOLQWLLU;;.ODLSơGRV/â6ULQNWLQơV
ãDXOLDL3DVLHQLRSROLFLQLQNDLLUQHWROLVLHQRVEXYĊãDXOLDLWXUơMRVDXJRWLVLHQąRSULHãXLSHUVLNơOXV
SHU1HPXQąãLRVSDMơJRVVXGDU\GDPRVSULHGDQJąWXUơMRWUDXNWLV*LOLDXNUDãWHEXYĊãDXOLDLWXUơMR
VDXJRWL ƳYDLULXV YDOGåLRV LU NRPXQLNDFLMǐ REMHNWXV R UHJXOLDULRVLRV NDULXRPHQơV SDMơJRV WXUơMR
PDOãLQWL .ODLSơGRV NUDãWR YRNLHþLǐ VXNLOLPą VWDEG\WL YRNLHþLǐ SXROLPą SHU 1HPXQą LU VDXJRWL
VWUDWHJLQLXV REMHNWXV  P VDXVLR  G SDWYLUWLQWRMH QDXMRMH Ä.ODLSơGRV NUDãWR VDXJXPXL
ODLGXRWL³ GLUHNW\YRMH EXYR QXPDW\WD NDG Ƴ .ODLSơGRV NUDãWą Lã 5\WSUnjVLǐ NDG SDUHPWǐ YLHWLQLǐ
YRNLHþLǐ VXNLOLPą JDOL EDQG\WL SHUHLWL 66 LU 6$ GDOLQLDL %XYR QXPDW\WD NDG NRQÀLNWR DWYHMX
/LHWXYRVSDMơJRVWXUơVYHLNWLSDVLHQ\MHLU.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRJLOXPRMHSDOHLSDJULQGLQĊJHOHåLQNHOLR
OLQLMąLUVYDUELDXVLXRVHFHQWUXRVH .ODLSơGDâLOXWơLU3DJơJLDL 9LVDV/LHWXYRVSDMơJDV.ODLSơGRV
NUDãWHEXYRQXPDW\WDSDGDOLQWLƳWULVVHNWRULXV.ODLSơGRVVHNWRULXMHWXUơMRYHLNWL.ODLSơGRVƳJXOD
;;/â6ULQNWLQơV.ODLSơGRVDSVNULWLHVãDXOLDL;9.UHWLQJRV/â6ULQNWLQơV3DODQJRV.UHWLQJRV
EHL*DUJåGǐNXRSRVLUSDVLHQLRSROLFLMD.ODLSơGRVƳJXORVGDOLQLDLWXUơMRJLQWLPLHVWąRYLHQąNXRSą
SDVLǐVWLƳ0DFLNǐƳJXOą;;ULQNWLQơVãDXOLDLWXUơMRVDXJRWLREMHNWXVPLHVWHLUDSVNULW\MHR;9ULQN
WLQơVãDXOLDLWXUơMRVDXJRWL.UHWLQJRV±.ODLSơGRVJHOHåLQNHOƳâLOXWơVVHNWRULXMHWXUơMRYHLNWL0DFLNǐ
ƳJXORV GDOLQLDL YLHQD SơVWLQLQNǐ NXRSD Lã .ODLSơGRV ãDXOLDL EHL SDVLHQLR SROLFLQLQNDL 3DJơJLǐ
VHNWRULDXVSDMơJDVVXGDUơ;;/â63DJơJLǐDSVNULWLHVLU,97DXUDJơVULQNWLQơVãDXOLDLSDVLHQLRSR
OLFLQLQNDLLURMR33YLHQDVEDWDOLRQDVNXULVWXUơMRVDXJRWL3DJơJLǐJHOHåLQNHOLRPD]JąP
7DXUDJơMH LU 3DJơJLXRVH ƳVLNnjUXV DMDP 33 ãLą XåGXRWƳ WXUơMR DWOLNWL PLQơWDV SXONDV R ƳJXOD Lã
0DFLNǐLãYLVREXYRLãNHOWDƳäHPDLþLǐ1DXPLHVWƳ
2SHUDW\YLQLDPHSODQHÄ9³EXYRQXPDW\WDNDGSUDVLGơMXV.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRYRNLHþLǐVXNLOLPXL
EnjWǐQHLãYHQJLDPDVLU9RNLHWLMRVNDULXRPHQơVƳVLYHUåLPDV7RGơONDULXRPHQơVãWDEDVWLNSUDVLGơMXV
QHUDPXPDPV.ODLSơGRVNUDãWHWXUơMRSUDGơWLUHQJWLVDWUHPWLSULHãąNUDãWRJLOXPRMH 9HQWRV±'XE\
VRV±1HPXQROLQLMRMH QHVVXWHONWLGDOLQLXVUHLNLDPRVHYLHWRVHUHLNơMRQXRLNLGLHQǐ DWVLåYHO
JLDQWƳJDOLP\EHVQDXGRWLJHOHåLQNHOLXVGDOLQLDPVWUDQVSRUWXRWL $WVLWUDXNXVLLã.ODLSơGRVNUDãWR
7DXUDJơVSULHGDQJRVULQNWLQơ 35 VXGDU\WDLãRMR33LULRMR.3WXUơMRJLQWLV(åHUXRQRV±-nj
URV±âHãXYLRXSLǐULERVHR.ODLSơGRV35 DVLV33 ±6DODQWR±0LQLMRVXSLǐULERVH7XRDWYHMXMHL
9RNLHWLMDJLOLDXƳ/LHWXYąQHVLYHUåWǐEXYRQXPDW\WDVNRQWUSXROLPDVƳ.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRWHULWRULMą

 ƲVDN\PDV .ODLSơGRV LU âLOXWơV ƳJXORPV  P YDVDULR  G NRPXQLVWǐ DUED YRNLHþLǐ VXNLOLPXL PDOãLQWL SODQDV
/&9$IDSEO

 .ODLSơGRVNUDãWRVDXJXPXLODLGXRWLQXURG\PDLPJUXRGåLRG/&9$IDSEO±

 .ODLSơGRVNUDãWRVDXJXPXLODLGXRWLGLUHNW\YDPVDXVLRG/&9$IDSEO

91
.1,-,+"'#--+#+

NDL/LHWXYRVSDMơJRVJDOơMRSXOWLSR±GLHQǐQXRPRELOL]DFLMRVSUDGåLRVRDWDNRVVPnjJLVWXUơMR
EnjWLQXNUHLSWDVƳ3DJơJLXV7DþLDXNDUWXEXYRƳYDUG\WDNDGWRNVSXROLPRSODQDVEnjWǐUL]LNLQJDVGơO
JDOLPRVYRNLHþLǐNRQWUDWDNRV/DWYLMRVNDULXRPHQơVãWDEDVPDQơNDG9RNLHWLMRVDUPLMDƳVLYHU
åXVLƳ/LHWXYąSDVLHQƳVX/DWYLMRV.XUãXSDVLHNVSHUGLHQDVRNLWRVHYLHWRVH/DWYLMRVVLHQą±SHU
GLHQDV39
P/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơVSDUHQJWDPH.ODLSơGRVJ\QLPRSODQHEXYRQXPDW\WLWU\VJDOLPL
XRVWDPLHVþLRSXROLPRYDULDQWDLGHVDQWDVLãMnjURVSXROLPDVVDXVXPRMH LãSLHWǐSXVơV LUGHVDQWDVLã
MnjURVEHLSXROLPDVVDXVXPRMH%XYRPDQRPDNDGGHVDQWDVJDOơMRLãVLODLSLQWLXRVWHDUEDSDSOnjGLP\MH
WDUSãLDXULQLRPRORLU*LUXOLǐ3DYRMDXVDWYHMXXRVWRSULHLJRVMnjURMHWXUơMREnjWLVWHELPRVLããY\WXULR
LU /RFǐ ERNãWR R ODLYDL WXUơMR DWOLNWL åYDOJ\Eą WROLDX MnjURMH -HL .XUãLǐ PDULRV EnjWǐ QHXåãDOXVLRV
GHVDQWDV6PLOW\QơMHEnjWǐODLNRPDVQHSDYRMLQJX9RNLHþLǐGHVDQWRODLYDPVSULDUWơMXV±PSULH
NUDQWR/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơWXUơMRSUDGơWLDSãDXG\WLSULHãąLãVXQNLǐMǐNXONRVYDLGåLǐLUDUWLOHULMRV
SDEnjNOǐ3ơVWLQLQNDLWXUơMROLNWLUH]HUYHLUƳVLWUDXNWLƳPnjãƳWLNSULHãXLLãVLODLSLQXVƳNUDQWą.DULXRPH
QơVGDOLQLDPVEXYRSDYHVWDVXWUXNG\WLGHVDQWXLLãVLODLSLQWLƳNUDQWąRLãODLSLQWąGHVDQWąORNDOL]XRWLLU
QXVWXPWLDWJDOƳMnjUą.DUWXEXYRSDUHQJWDVGDOLQLǐLãVLGơVW\PR.ODLSơGRMHSODQDV9HUWDSDå\PơWL
NDG/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQHLWDNWLQLXSRåLnjULXJ\QLPRVLSR]LFLMRV9RNLHWLMRVSXROLPRDWYHMX.ODLSơGRV
PLHVWHEXYRSDODQNLRVQHVPLHVWRVWDWLQLDLEXYRJHUDSULHGDQJDLUEXYRJDOLPDJDQDOHQJYDLNHLVWL
SR]LFLMDV%HWRDU9RNLHWLMRVNDULQơVSDMơJRVEnjWǐGUƳVXVLRVDSãDXG\WLYRNLHþLǐJ\YHQDPąPLHVWą
DUWLOHULMRVXJQLPLRNDULQơYDGRY\EơEnjWǐSDWHLVLQXVLFLYLOLǐYRNLHþLǐJ\YHQWRMǐDXNDV"
3ULHãXL EDQGDQW LãVLODLSLQWL 0HOQUDJơV±*LUXOLǐ SDSOnjGLPLXRVH /LHWXYRV NDULXRPHQơ SODQDYR
JLQWLVSDSOnjGLP\MHRYơOLDXWUDXNWLVƳ6WUDQGYLOORV UHVWRUDQDVSULHãY\WXULR ±$OWH6DQGZHKUR±
6FKDUORWWHQKRIRULEDV3XROLPRWLNLãVDXVXPRVDWYHMX/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơSODQDYRSUDGơWLJLQ
WLVSR]LFLMRVH.XUãLǐPDULRV±6PHOWơ±5XPSLãNơ±6HQGYDULV±:LOKHOPVKRKH±'DQJơ NXU
XSơGDURDSLHžSRVnjNƳ RYơOLDXDWVLWUDXNWLXå'DQJơV3XROLPRLULãMnjURVLULãVDXVXPRVDWYHMX


 2SHUDFLMǐSODQDV1UÄ9³YDVDULRG/&9$IDSEO±
39
 .8=0,169/DWYLMDVEUXƼRWRVSƝNXPRELOL]ƗFLMDVXQDL]VDUG]ƯEDVSOƗQLJDGDEHLJƗV±JDGDVƗNXPƗ
0LOLWƗUDLVDSVNDLWV1UO±

 .ODLSơGRVPLHVWRJ\QLPRSODQDVPYDVDULV/&9$IDSEO±DSO

 5HPLDQWLV.ODLSơGRVPLHVWRJ\QLPRQXRMnjURVVFKHPD1UPLHVWHWXUơMRYHLNWLDUWLOHULMRVSDEnjNODLãDUYXRþLDL
 VXQNLHML NXONRVYDLGåLDL 3LUPRMRMH J\QLPRVL ULERMH WXUơMR YHLNWL  SơVWLQLQNǐ NXRSRV  ãDUYXRþLDL  VXQNLHML
NXONRVYDLGåLDL LãGơVW\WLSULH7HLVPRDQWãLDXULQLR'DQJơVNUDQWLQơVPRORDQWäLHPRVXRVWRSLHWLQLRPRORNDUWX
VXMDLVYHLNơSơVWLQLQNǐNXRSDLUãDUYXRWLVMǐSUDGLQơSR]LFLMD±1DãO\QRJ NLWDNXRSDVXNXONRVYDLGåLDLV 
VXQNXVLVNXONRVYDLGLVLUãDUYXRWLV.U\åLDXVJLUâOơYLRJVDQNU\åRMHþLDEXYRLUNXRSRVSUDGLQLǐSR]LFLMǐYLHWD
VXQNXVLVNXONRVYDLGLV/DSLǐJSUDGåLRMHVXQNLHMLNXONRVYDLGåLDLSULH0ROHQEDXQKRIR WXUơMRYHLNWLãLDXULDX$QWUD
J\Q\ELQLǐSR]LFLMǐULEDEXYRSDGDOLQWDƳLDVLVVHNWRULXVMRVSULHNLQơVULERVơMRãLHNWLHNƳYDNDUXVQXR/LHSRMRVJ
.DUHLYLQLǐUDMRQHEXYRDVLVVHNWRULXV PRNRPRMLSơVWLQLQNǐNXRSDDUWLOHULMRVSDEnjNODVãDUYXRWLVSULHJHOHåLQNHOLR
SHUYDåRV 1XRVHQǐMǐNDUHLYLQLǐLNLPDåGDXJGDEDUWLQơV9\WDXWRJEXYRDVLVVHNWRULXVMDPHJLQWLVWXUơMRSDJULQGLQơV
SDMơJRVãWDEDVEXYRQXPDW\WDVâDXOLǐQDPXRVH SDMơJDVSDJDOSODQąVXGDUơSơVWLQLQNǐNXRSRVDUWLOHULMRVSDEnjNODV
VXQNLHMLNXONRVYDLGåLDLLUãDUYXRWLV ƲSLHWXVQXRRMRVHNWRULDXVLNL'DQJơVXSơVEXYRDVLVVHNWRULXV YLHQD
SơVWLQLQNǐNXRSDDUWLOHULMRVSDEnjNODVVXQNLHMLNXONRVYDLGåLDL âLVVHNWRULXVWXUơMRJLQWL%LUåRVWLOWąJXEHUQDWnjUą
SDãWąLUHOHNWURVVWRWƳSDJULQGLQLVWHONLPRVLFHQWUDVEXYR/LHSǐJ VXQNLHMLNXONRVYDLGåLDLSULH%LUåRVVXQNLHML
NXONRVYDLGåLDL/LHSǐJSUDGåLRMH 0LQơWRVLRMRVHNWRULDXVSDMơJRVWXUơMRJLQWL/LHWXYRVEDQNą7XUJDXVJWDþLDXWDL
EXYRYLHQLQWHOLVSODQXRMDPDVJLQWLREMHNWDVVHQDPLHVW\MH3DJULQGLQơVSDMơJRVWXUơMRWHONWLVNDUHLYLQLǐLU.UnjPDPLHVþLR
UDMRQXRVH.ODLSơGRVPLHVWRJ\QLPR QXRMnjURV VFKHPD1U/&9$IDSEO

 $OWH 6DQGZHKU ± ;,; D SUDGåLRMH Ƴ ãLDXUĊ QXR PLHVWR VXSLOWDV S\OLPDV DSVDXJDL QXR VPơOLR SXVW\PR
6FKDUORWWHQKRI±$XODXNLRGYDUDVEXYĊVGDEDUWLQLǐ/'.%XWLJHLGåLRGUDJnjQǐNDUHLYLQLǐYLHWRMH.ODLSơGRVGYDUDL
6XG.'(0(5(&.$6.ODLSơGDS

 $XNãWXPDƳU\WXVQXRJHOHåLQNHOLRWLOWRSHU'DQJơVXSĊDQWNXULRVPEXYRƳNXUWRV-RQLãNơVNDSLQơVåHPơODS\MH
å\PLPD:KV Wirthaus±VPXNOHNDUþHPD 


$!,-.'+#*!-'%&¯+(*&,!#$!(¯'+#*æ,'1&!%'($&!!**$1¯  %,!+

U\WǐNU\SWLPLNDULXRPHQơSODQDYRJLQWLVGHãLQLDMDPH'DQJơVNUDQWH7DGGHãLQƳMƳEHVLJLQDQþLRV
/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơVVSDUQąWXUơMRGHQJWLPDULRVRNDLUƳMƳ±'DQJơ(VDQWSULHãRSHUVYDUDLEXYR
JDOLPDJLQDQWLVWUDXNWLVƳ.UHWLQJąLãVDXVXPRVSXVơVGHQJLDQWLV'DQJơVXSHLULãVDXJDQWNRPXQL
NDFLMRVOLQLMDV
7DþLDXPDQ\WXPHNDG9RNLHWLMRVNDULQLRODLY\QRGHVDQWRLãMnjURVDWYHMXMHLVXNLOXVLǐYLHWLQLǐ
YRNLHþLǐ SDMơJRPLV Lã DQNVWR QHEnjWǐ XåVLWLNULQWD XRVWR NUDQWLQLǐ NRQWUROơ LãVLODLSLQLPXL WLQND
PHVQơYLHWDEXYR0HOQUDJơV±*LUXOLǐSDSOnjGLPLDLQHVþLDEXYRJDOLPDDNW\YLDUWLOHULQơSDUDPDLã
ODLYǐQHVXJULDXQDQWPLHVWRSDVWDWǐLUQHSDWLULDQWGDXJFLYLOLǐDXNǐ9HUWDSDå\PơWLNDG/LHWXYRV
NDULXRPHQơSUDNWLãNDLQHWXUơMRWLQNDPRVDUWLOHULMRVNDGVXJHEơWǐDWUHPWLMnjURVGHVDQWRODLYǐDWDNą
0LQơWDPH.ODLSơGRVJ\QLPRSODQHEXYRQXPDW\WDNDGEHVLJLQDQþLRV/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơVSD
MơJDVVXGDU\VGXEDWDOLRQDLWDþLDXDMDPHGHãLPWPHW\MHPLHVWRƳJXOąVXGDUơWLNYLHQDVSơVWLQLQNǐ
EDWDOLRQDV RMRRQXRP±RMR33 PNDULXRPHQơVYDGDVQXURGơ.ODLSơGRMHODLN\WL
SXONRãWDEąÄVHQǐ³NDUHLYLǐEDWDOLRQąPRNRPąMąLUU\ãLǐNXRSDVnjNLREnjUƳ0RELOL]DFLMRVDWYHMXLã
ãLǐGDOLQLǐWXUơMRPRELOL]XRWLVRMR33GXEDWDOLRQDLYLHQDVEDWDOLRQDVWXUơMRPRELOL]XRWLV.UHWLQJR
MHNXUWXUơMREnjWLVDXJRPDVWDPUHLNLDPDVWXUWDV3OXQJơMHEXYXVLREDWDOLRQRSDJULQGXWXUơMRPRELOL
]XRWLVGLUHNW\YRMHQXURG\WRVGDO\VLUƳVWDLJRV3ULHãSUDGơGDPRVYHLNWL/LHWXYRVSDMơJRV.ODLSơGRMH
WXUơMRPRELOL]XRWLVDUEDWDLDWOLNWLO\JLDJUHþLDLY\NG\GDPRVNRYLQHVXåGXRWLVEHWMDXPNRYR
GEXYRSULLPWDVVSUHQGLPDVNDURDWYHMX.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRUH]HUYLVWǐQHPRELOL]XRWLRRMR33PR
ELOL]DFLQƳFHQWUąSHUNHOWLƳ.UHWLQJąNXUWXUơMRY\NWLSXONRPRELOL]DFLMDNDURDWYHMX.ODLSơGRMHEXYR
SDOLNWDVLUDWOHLVWDVQXRPRELOL]DFLMRVSULHGDQJRVEDWDOLRQDVVXSXONRãWDEX
.ODLSơGRVXRVWRNRQWUROơVSODQHEXYRQXPDW\WDNDGYLVLSDVLHQLRSROLFLMRVODLYDLWXULVXVLWHONWL
.RSJDOLRWYLUWRYơVSHUNDVHLUSHUHLWLNDURODLYRYDGRåLQLRQ.DURODLYDVWXUơMRXåLPWLSR]LFLMDV
SDJDODSOLQN\EơVSDJULQGLQLVWLNVODVEXYRXåWLNULQWLƳXRVWąƳSODXNLDQþLǐLULãSODXNLDQþLǐODLYǐNRQ
WUROĊ/RFǐERNãWHWXUơMREnjWLVXVWLSULQWDVVWHEơMLPDVNLHNYLHQąDWSODXNLDQWƳODLYąGDUMnjURMHWXUơMR
SDVLWLNWLORFǐODLYDVSULHãWDLSUDQHãGDPDVSDVLHQLRSROLFLMDLLUPXLWLQHLNXULRVORFǐODLYXWXUơMR
VLǐVWLVDYRNRQWUROơVSHUVRQDOą3DWLNULQLPRPHWXSDVWHEơMXVSDYRMǐUHLNơMRSUDQHãWLSDVLHQLRSROL
FLMDLDUEDLããDXWLWULVUDXGRQDVVLJQDOLQHVUDNHWDV
6DXVXPD.ODLSơGąSXOWLJDOơMR9RNLHWLMRVSDMơJRVDUEDVXNLOĊ.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRYRNLHþLDL7XR
WDUSXGHVDQWąLãMnjURVJDOơMRRUJDQL]XRWLQHWLNYRNLHþLDLEHWLUOHQNDL2SHUDW\YLQLDPHSODQH1U
Ä/³EXYRQXPDW\WDNDGNDURVX/HQNLMDDWYHMXMRVODLY\QDVLãNDUWRJDOLEORNXRWL.ODLSơGRVXRVWą
RSR±GLHQǐJDOơMRLãODLSLQWLPDåGDXJYLHQRVGLYL]LMRVG\GåLRGHVDQWą%XYRNRQVWDWXRMDPD
NDGGHVDQWXLLãODLSLQWLEnjWǐWLQNDPDVYLVDV/LHWXYRVSDMnjULVR\SDþ.ODLSơGRVLUâYHQWRVLRVXRVWǐ
SULHLJRV3ULHããLDVOHQNǐSDMơJDV/LHWXYDSODQDYRSDVLǐVWL,SơVWLQLQNǐEULJDGąNXULLNLP
WXUơMRIRUPXRWLVLãRMR33 SRPRELOL]DFLMRVDVLVLUDVLV33 LUąMƳ33VXDUWLOHULMDLUSDJDO
ELQLDLVGDOLQLDLV


 .ODLSơGRVPLHVWRJ\QLPRSODQDVPYDVDULV/&9$IDSEO±DSO

 .DULXRPHQơVãWDER,,,VN\ULDXVUDãWDV,,,3'YDGXLNRYRG/&9$IDSEO

 ąMƳ33VXGDUơGXEDWDOLRQDL±,.ODLSơGRMH,,3OXQJơMH3DJDOPRELOL]DFLMRVSODQąLãRMR33WXUơMRPRELOL]XRWLV
,SơVWLQLQNǐEULJDGDRPNRYRGSXONDVWXUơMRWDSWLQDXMRV93'SDJULQGX,ã,EDWDOLRQRWXUơMRVXVLIRUPXRWL
DVLV33Lã,,EDWDOLRQR±DVLV33RLã0DåHLNLǐNRPHQGDQWnjURV±DVLV333R.ODLSơGRVSUDUDGLPRLU9LOQLDXV
DWJDYLPR±PSDE±PSU±93'EXYRSODQXRMDPDPRELOL]XRWLXåQXJDU\MH 3DQHYơåLR±.XSLãNLR±%LUåǐ
UDMRQH LãRMR33-2.8%$86.$692SFLWS0REWYLU1USDSLOGRPǐLUNXULDPǐNDULXRPHQơV
GDOLǐLUƳVWDLJǐVąUDãRSDSLOG\PDVEHLSDNHLWLPDVSDVNHOEWDLVQXRPUXJSMnjþLRGLNLPNRYRG
/&9$IDEO±

 .ODLSơGRVXRVWRNRQWUROơVSODQDVSDYRMDXVEnjNOơVPHWXPODSNULþLRG/&9$IDSEO±

 2SHUDFLMǐSODQDV1UÄ/³PNRYRG/&9$IDSES

93
.1,-,+"'#--+#+

.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRVDXJXPRSODQDVLãHVPơVEXYRVNLUWDVWDPDWYHMXLMHLNLOWǐYLHWLQLǐYRNLHþLǐ
VXNLOLPDVLUMHLLã5\WSUnjVLǐMLHPVƳSDJDOEąEDQG\WǐDWY\NWL66DU6$IRUPXRWơV.ODLSơGRVPLHVWR
LUXRVWRNRQWUROơVEHLJ\QLPRSODQDLQXPDWơMnjURVVWHEơMLPąLUXRVWDPLHVþLRJ\Q\EąLãMnjURVEHL
VDXVXPRVSXVơV7DþLDXWXRDWYHMXMHLSXROLPDVY\NWǐLULãMnjURVLULãVDXVXPRVQDWnjUDOXNDGSD
JDOSDVLULQNWDVSR]LFLMDVPLHVWRJ\Q\EDEXYRSODQXRMDPDWLNVLHNLDQWXåWLNULQWLHYDNXDFLMą9HUWD
DWNUHLSWLGơPHVƳNDGEXYRQXPDW\WLWU\VJDOLPLSXROLPRVFHQDULMDL YLHWLQLǐYRNLHþLǐVXNLOLPDV
VXYHLNVPDLVWLNLãVDXVXPRVSXVơV 9RNLHWLMRVSXROLPDVLãMnjURVLUVDXVXPRVSXVơV /HQNLMRV
GHVDQWDVLãMnjURVNLOXV/LHWXYRV±/HQNLMRVNRQÀLNWXLäLQRPDSLUPDVYDULDQWDVJDOơMREnjWLSULH
GDQJDLUDQWUDPYDULDQWXLWXRDWYHMXMHLJXVXNLOWǐ.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRYRNLHþLDLRYơOLDXƳVLYHUåWǐ
9RNLHWLMRVNDULXRPHQơ$NLYDL]GXNDG/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơSODQDYRWLNPDOãLQWLYLHWLQLǐYRNLHþLǐ
VXNLOLPąLUXåNLUVWLNHOLą66EHL6$IRUPXRWơPVNHOWLVSHU1HPXQąLUJLQWL.ODLSơGąMHLSXROLPDV
Y\NWǐWLNLãMnjURVSXVơV7RNVSXROLPDVEXYRJDOLPDVWLNOHQNǐQHVNDURVX9RNLHWLMDDWYHMXEnjWǐ
EXYĊV QHLãYHQJLDPDV SXROLPDV LU VDXVXPD7DL LOLXVWUXRMD  P NRYR ƳY\NLDL NDL9RNLHWLMRV
NDULXRPHQơSHUVLNơOơSHU1HPXQąRƳ.ODLSơGąODLY\QDVDWSOXNGơGHVDQWą.LOXVSODWDXVPDVWR
NRQÀLNWXL/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơWXUơMRWUDXNWLVLã.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRLUJLQWLVäHPDLWLMRMH

âDXOLǐVąMXQJRVNDULQLDLXåGDYLQLDL.ODLSơGRVNUDãWH

3DJDO NDULXRPHQơV ãWDER SDUHQJWXV SODQXV EXYR QXPDW\WD NDG  P UHRUJDQL]XRWL ãDX
OLDLWDONLQVNDULXRPHQHLDSLEUơåWDMǐYLHWDJ\Q\ERVPRELOL]DFLMRVSLUPǐMǐNDURYHLNVPǐPHWX
P.$0SDUHQJơGLUHNW\Yą â$',5 NXULRMHQXURGRPDNDGNDURDWYHMXãDXOLDLWXULSDGơWL
NDULXRPHQHLSDVWDW\WLSRVWXVSULHWLOWǐWXQHOLǐYLDGXNǐHOHNWURVVWRþLǐLUWW6DYDUDQNLãNDLYHL
NLDQW\V ãDXOLǐ EnjULDL WXUơMR VDXJRWL REMHNWXV SULHãXL UHQJWL NOLnjWLV GHJLQWL WLOWXV DUG\WL EUDVWDV
QDLNLQWLU\ãLRSULHPRQHV ROLNĊXåQXJDU\MH±WHURUL]XRWLSULHãąQHWLNơWDLVLãSXROLDLV$WVLåYHOJLDQW
ƳVLWXDFLMąYHLNWLEXYRJDOLPDLUQHJDYXVƳVDN\PR/LNĊSULHãRXåQXJDU\MHãDXOLDLEXYRUHQJLDPL
partizaniniam karuiNXULRPHWXWXUơMRQDLNLQWLNHOLXVWLOWXVVWDW\WLXåWYDUDVPLQXRWLNHOLXVUHQJ
WLLãSXROLXVSULHãSULHãRãWDEXVLUJXUJXROHVâDXOLDLWXUơMRWHONWLVPLãNXRVHSHONơWRVHYLHWRYơVH
RYHLNWLOHQJYDLJLQNOXRWL ãDXWXYDVVXDPXQLFLMDJUDQDWRVNDVWXYơOLVåLUNOơVYLHODL SDUWL]DQDL±
ãDXOLDLWXUơMRQHWLNơWDL
'LUHNW\YRMHâ$',5EXYRNRQVWDWXRWDNDGGơONUDãWRJ\YHQWRMǐQHSDODQNXPR.ODLSơGRVNUDã
WH NDULXRPHQHL DWVLWUDXNXV SDUWL]DQLQLDL NDUR YHLNVPDL VNLUWLQJDL QHL OLNXVLRMH /LHWXYRMH EnjWǐ
QHJDOLPL 7RMH SDþLRMH GLUHNW\YRMH EXYR QXPDW\WD NDG .ODLSơGRV PLHVWR ãDXOLDL WXUơMR VXULQNWL
LUƳąMƳ33SULVWDW\WLWUDQVSRUWRSULHPRQHV0LHVWHãDXOLDLWXUơMRVDXJRWLƳYDLULXVREMHNWXVSDãWą
XRVWąWLOWXVJDP\NODVVDQGơOLXVNRPHQGDQWnjUąLUWWâDXOLDLYHLNWLWXUơMRSUDGơWLD JDYĊ,,,
3'YDGRƳVDN\Pą3$%8E SDVNHOEXVPRELOL]DFLMąLUF SULHãXLVWDLJDXåSXROXV/LHWXYą Ginklai
EXYRVDXJRPLYLHWRVHNXUEXYRJDOLPDXåWLNULQWLMǐVDXJXPąSULHåLnjUąLUDSVNDLWą-ǐLãGDYLPDV
NDURDWYHMXWXUơMREnjWLƳJ\YHQGLQWDVODEDLVNXELDL,ãGXRWLJLQNOXVEXYRJDOLPDJDYXV/â6YDGR
QXURG\Pą ,ã DQNVWR LãGXRWL JLQNOXV EXYR ELMRPD GơO VDXJXPR .DULQLR SDYRMDXV DWYHMX /â6
.ODLSơGRVNUDãWHWXUơMRD PDOãLQWLYLHWLQLǐYRNLHþLǐVXNLOLPąE SDVLHQLRSROLFLMDLSDGơWLVXVWL

 9$5(,.,69âDXOLǐVąMXQJD±PHWDLVLUMRVOLNYLGDFLMD7ULPLWDV1US

 âDXOLǐSDQDXGRMLPRGLUHNW\YDâ$',5PVSDOLRG/&9$IDSEO

 ,038/(9,ý,86$.RYDSULHãRXåQXJDU\MH7ULPLWDV1US±

 ;;.ODLSơGRVãDXOLǐULQNWLQơVSDQDXGRMLPRSODQDV .ODLSơGRVPLHVWRLUDSVNULWLHV PJUXRGåLRG/&9$,
IDSEO

 ;;.ODLSơGRVâDXOLǐULQNWLQơVSDQDXGRMLPRSODQDVPJUXRGåLRG/&9$IDSEO

 âDXOLǐSDQDXGRMLPRGLUHNW\YDâ$',5PVSDOLRG/&9$IDSEO


$!,-.'+#*!-'%&¯+(*&,!#$!(¯'+#*æ,'1&!%'($&!!**$1¯  %,!+

SULQWLVLHQRVDSVDXJąF VDXJRWLVWUDWHJLQLXVREMHNWXVG WUDXNLDQWLVUHQJWLNOLnjWLVSULHãXLLUQDLNLQWL


LQIUDVWUXNWnjUąH NDUWXYHLNWLVXUHJXOLDULRVLRVNDULXRPHQơVGDOLQLDLV
3DJDOâ$',5GLUHNW\YąãDXOLǐULQNWLQơVSUDVLGơMXVNDUXLDUEDSDVNHOEXVPRELOL]DFLMąRSHUDW\
YLQLXDWåYLOJLXEXYRSULVNLUWRVSULHVNLUWLQJǐGDOLQLǐ7DXUDJơV35SULNODXVơ;;.ODLSơGRVULQN
WLQơV 3DJơJLǐ LU âLOXWơV DSVNULþLǐ ãDXOLDL R .ODLSơGRV 35 ± ;; .ODLSơGRV ULQNWLQơV .ODLSơGRV
DSVNULWLHVãDXOLDL
7DþLDX  P NRYą .ODLSơGRV NUDãWR ãDXOLDL QHDWOLNR MLHPV Lã DQNVWR QXPDW\Wǐ XåGDYLQLǐ
6NXERWDV DWVLWUDXNLPDV OLXGLMD DSLH VXGơWLQJą VDXJXPR LU J\Q\ERV RUJDQL]DYLPR SDGơWƳ .ODLSơ
GRVNUDãWHâDXOLǐEXYRQHGDXJLãDQNVWREXYRQXPDW\WDNDGMLHQHJDOơVYHLNWLSDUWL]DQLQLRNDUR
VąO\JRPLV3$%LãMǐQHEXYRIRUPXRMDPLRPQDNWƳLãNRYRGƳGGơOQHSDWLNLPXPR
.ODLSơGRVPLHVWRãDXOLDLEXYRQXJLQNOXRWL1XJLQNOXRWLãDXOLDLVDYRXåGDYLQLǐ.ODLSơGRVPLHVWH
QHDWOLNR

/LHWXYRVNDULQLVODLY\QDVLUSDNUDQþLǐJ\Q\ERVSUREOHPRV

PODLYDVPrezidentas SmetonaLã950EXYRSHUGXRWDVNDULXRPHQHLRPUXJSMnjþLR
GR¿FLDOLDLƳNXUWDV/LHWXYRVNDULQLVODLY\QDV0RNRPDMDPODLYXLPrezidentas SmetonaEXYRSD
VNLUWDNDULQLQNǐLUMnjULQLQNǐƳJXOD3DMnjULXLJLQWLUHLNơMRODLY\QRQHVYLHQVDXVXPRVSDMơJRV
WRVơNPLQJDLDWOLNWLQHJDOơMR1RUVNDULXRPHQơVãWDEDVNDURODLYXLPrezidentas Smetona ir pasienio
DSVDXJRVODLYDPVNơOơXRVWRNRQWUROơVXåGDYLQLXVNDULãNLDLVXYRNơNDGWDLƳY\NG\WL\UDQHUHDOX
PODSNULþLRGNDURODLYRPrezidentas SmetonaYDGDVMnjUǐNSW$QWDQDV.DãNHOLVSDVLXQWơ
UDSRUWąRMR33YDGXLNDGNDURODLYDVVXWXULPDJLQNOXRWH.ODLSơGRVXRVWRNRQWUROơVSODQHNHOLD
PǐXåGXRþLǐQHJDOLVơNPLQJDLDWOLNWL.ODLSơGRVXRVWRLUSDVLHQLRNRQWUROHLNDURODLYDVQHWLNR
QHVEXYRVLOSQDLJLQNOXRWDVLUSDVHQXVLRVNRQVWUXNFLMRV*LQWDXWDV6XUJDLOLVUDãơNDGÄNDURODLYDV
Prezidentas SmetonaEXYRGDXJLDXVLPEROLQLVQHLWLNUDVNDURODLYDVQHVMDXEXYRLUPRUDOLãNDLLU
¿]LãNDLVXVLGơYơMĊV-LVWHJDOơMRLãY\VW\WLWLNSXVĊSUDGLQLRJUHLþLRVXQDXGRGDPDVODEDLGDXJNXUR
7DLJHUDLVXSUDWRLU/LHWXYRVYDGRY\Eơ³'ơOPHQNRJUHLþLREORJǐSURåHNWRULǐVLOSQRVJLQNOXR
WơV LU ULERWǐ UDGLMR VWRWLHV JDOLP\ELǐ NDUR DWYHMX Prezidentas Smetona EnjWǐ WDSĊV SODXNLRMDQþLX
WDLNLQLXPNDULXRPHQơVWLHNLPRYLUãLQLQNDVGLYJHQ=HQRQDV*HUXODLWLVUDSRUWHUDãơNDG
MnjULQLQNDLNDURODLYąYDGLQRÄQHLãLVQHLWDV³*HULDXDSJLQNOXRWLODLYąQHEXYRYHUWDQHVYRVNHOLǐ
PLOLPHWUǐ NRUSXVR PHWDOą JDOơMR SHUãDXWL NXONRVYDLGLV LU ODLYDV EnjWǐ QXVNHQGĊV .DULXRPHQơV
WLHNLPRYLUãLQLQNDVNRQVWDWDYRNDGODLYDVNDURDWYHMXWLQNDWLNPLQDYLPRGDUEDPVEHWQHWXULQHW


 3DJDOGLUHNW\Yąâ$',5 .ODLSơGRV PLHVWHãDXOLDLWXUơMRVDXJRWL.ODLSơGRVSDãWąLUÄ/LHWXYRVHNVSRUWą³±RML
-DQNDXVNXRSD8RVWRSDVWDWXV±RMLXRVWRNXRSD(OHNWURVVWRWƳ9DQGHQWLHNƳ'XMǐƳPRQĊLU%LUåRVWLOWą±'DULDXV
LU*LUơQRNXRSD*HOHåLQNHOLRWLOWąSHU'DQJĊ±DVLV.ODLSơGRVEnjU\V0XLWLQơVVDQGơOLXV±DVLV.ODLSơGRV
EnjU\V %HQ]LQR LU åLEDOR DWVDUJDV ± -njURV EnjU\V .UDãWR NRPHQGDQWnjUą ± DVLV .ODLSơGRV EnjU\V .DUOR WLOWą LU
8RVWRPXLWLQĊ±DVLV.ODLSơGRVEnjU\V;;.ODLSơGRVãDXOLǐULQNWLQơVSDQDXGRMLPRSODQDV .ODLSơGRVPLHVWRLU
DSVNULWLHV PJUXRGåLRG/&9$IDSEO

 âDXOLDPVSDQDXGRWLGLUHNW\YDâ$',5PVSDOLRG/&9$IDSEO±

 RMRSơVWLQLQNǐSXONRYDGRPEDODQGåLRGUDSRUWDV,,,SơVWLQLQNǐGLYL]LMRVYDGXL1U/&9$II
EO±DO

 %87.869.DULQLVODLYDVÄ3UH]LGHQWDV6PHWRQD³Karys1US

 685*$,/,6*/LHWXYRVNDULQLVODLY\QDV±P9LOQLXVS±

 9$5(,.,690±Ä3UH]LGHQWDV6PHWRQD³±Ä3LUPnjQDV³±7Ä2WOLþQLN³0DåRML/LHWXYD1U
 

 685*$,/,6*/LHWXYRVNDURODLY\QXL±PHWǐKarys1US±

 9$5(,.,69.ODLSơGD;;DPåLXMH.ODLSơGDS


.1,-,+"'#--+#+

PLQǐ Karo atveju laivo Prezidentas Smetona YDGXL WXUơMR SDNOXVWL SDVLHQLR SROLFLMRV NDWHULDL
DSJLQNOXRWLLUPPSDEnjNODLVEHLNXONRVYDLGåLDLVNXULHWXUơMRXåWLNULQWLXRVWRNRQWUROĊ3D
VLHQLHþLǐPRWRULQLǐEDUNDVǐ6DYDQRULV ir /LHWXYDLWơPHGLQLDLNRUSXVDLEXYRVHQLLUVXSXYĊ/DLYǐ
Šaulys, $LWYDUDV, äDLEDV ir PartizanasEnjNOơEXYRJHUHVQơ Šie laivai kartu su karo laivu Prezi
dentas SmetonaVXGDUơYLVąNDULQƳ/LHWXYRVODLY\Qą
6YDUEXVYHLNVQ\VSDNUDQþLǐJ\Q\EDLEXYRMnjULQơDUWLOHULMDNXULąVXGDUơNUDQWRLUODLYǐDUWLOHUL
MD/LHWXYDEXYRDWVLOLNXVLMnjULQơVDUWLOHULMRVVULW\MHQXRVDYRNDLP\QLǐ/DWYLMRVEHL(VWLMRVLUYLVDL
QHWXUơMRSDNUDQþLǐJ\Q\EDLVNLUWRVMnjULQơVDUWLOHULMRVQRUVEXYRSODQXRWDNXUWLSDNUDQþLǐDSVDXJRV
DUWLOHULMRVEDWHULMą
PHWǐNRYąSUDVLGơMXVL/LHWXYRVLU/HQNLMRVSROLWLQơNUL]ơGơO/HQNLMRVSDWHLNWRXOWLPDWX
PR/LHWXYDLJDOơMREDLJWLV.ODLSơGRVSUDUDGLPX7XRPHW9RNLHWLMRVNDULQơVMnjUǐSDMơJRVEXYRVX
NRQFHQWUXRWRVSULH%RUQKROPRVDORVNDGJDOơWǐ.ODLSơGąSDVLHNWLSHUNHOHWąYDODQGǐ(YHQWXDODXV
/HQNLMRVLU/LHWXYRVNDURDWYHMX$+LWOHULV9RNLHWLMRVJHQHUDOLQLDPãWDEXLGDYơƳVDN\PąSDUHQJWL
.ODLSơGRV NUDãWR LU DSOLQNLQLǐ /LHWXYRV UDMRQǐ XåơPLPR SODQą  P NRYR  G 9RNLHWLMRV
GDOLQLDL5\WSUnjVLXRVHƳåHQJơƳSXROLPXLSDUHQJWDV]RQDVRGHVDQWRNRUSXVDVNUHLVHULDLV1UQEHUJ,
Köln ir /HLS]LJSDMXGơMROLQN.ODLSơGRV3DJDOSODQąFlottenparade OLHW±ODLY\QRSDUDGDV SXR
OLPHWXUơMRGDO\YDXWLDSLHƳYDLULǐNDURODLYǐ1RUV9RNLHWLMDPNRYRPơQNDULQLRNRQÀLNWR
VX/LHWXYDQHSURYRNDYREHW/HQNLMDLXåSXROXV/LHWXYąLUYRNLHþLDLEnjWǐƳVLYHUåĊƳ/LHWXYRVWHUL
WRULMą9RNLHWLMRVNDULXRPHQơSODQDYRXåLPWL.ODLSơGRVNUDãWąLUWHULWRULMąLNLâLDXOLǐ Lietuvos
Y\ULDXV\EHLSULơPXV/HQNLMRVXOWLPDWXPąYRNLHþLDLQXWUDXNơSDVLUHQJLPąRSHUDFLMDL
.ODLSơGD EXYR QHDSVDXJRWD Lã MnjURV SXVơV QXR JDOLPR SULHãLQLQNR NDULQLR ODLY\QR YHLNVPǐ
/LHWXYRV NDULXRPHQơ SUDNWLãNDL QHWXUơMR MRNLǐ SULHPRQLǐ NDG JDOơWǐ DWUHPWL 9RNLHWLMRV NDULQLR
ODLY\QRDWDNąLUGHVDQWą
3ODQǐNDLSUHLNLDXåWLNULQWLSDMnjULRDSVDXJąLUNRNLRNDURODLY\QR/LHWXYDLUHLNLDEXYRQHYLH
QDV9HUWDSDPLQơWLNDGPNDURWHFKQLNRVYLUãLQLQNDVJHQOWQ.OHPHQVDV3RSHOLXþNDUDJLQR
ƳVLJ\WLSRYDQGHQLQLǐODLYǐPLQǐWRUSHGǐSUDGơWLUHQJWLSHUVRQDOą7DLVSDþLDLVPHWDLVMnjUǐNSW
$.DãNHOLVVLnjOơNDUWXVXNUDQWǐDUWLOHULMDƳVLJ\WLEHQWQHGLGHOLXVNDWHULXVSRYDQGHQLQLXVODL
YXVKLGURSODQǐHVNDGULOĊƳUHQJWLXRVWąPDWVDUJRVJHQOWQ7HRGRUDV'DXNDQWDVVLnjOơƳVLJ\WL
PDåLDXVLDLSRYDQGHQLQLXVODLYXVWUDOHULXVLUMnjUǐPLQǐ6XGDU\WDVSHFLDOLNDULQơNRPLVLMD
DSVYDUVWơSDNUDQþLǐJ\Q\ERVNODXVLPXVLUSDODLNơ7'DXNDQWRSODQąPSUDGåLRMHNSWOWQ
9\WDXWDV.XL]LQDVUDJLQRSHUPHWǐƳVLJ\WLSDWUDQNODLYLXVSRYDQGHQLQLXVODLYXVWRUSHGL
QLXVNDWHULXVEHLWUDOHULXVLUƳUHQJWLNDURODLY\QRED]HV.ODLSơGRMHEHLâYHQWRMRMH
$QRW$UY\GR3RFLnjQRNDURODLYXVWXUơMRVWDW\WL3UDQFnj]LMRV%RUGRLU%UHVWRODLYǐVWDW\NORV
%XYRSODQXRWDSDVWDW\WLODLYXVPLQLQLQNXVSRYDQGHQLQLXVSDNUDQþLǐDSVDXJRVODLYXVLU
SODXNLRMDQþLąMąED]ĊSRYDQGHQLQLDPVODLYDPV7DþLDXQơUDUDVWD/LHWXYRVNDURODLY\QRY\VW\PR

 .DULXRPHQơVWLHNLPRYLUãLQLQNRPUXJSMnjþLRGUDSRUWDV.UDãWRDSVDXJRVPLQLVWUXL/&9$IDS
EO±

 POLHSRVGDNWDV1U/&9$IDSEO±

 9$,ý(121,6-/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơVPRGHUQL]DFLMD ± Darbai ir dienosWSɆȿɅɄɈ
ɇɈȼɘɉɭɲɤɢɄɭɪɥɹɧɞɫɤɨɝɨɛɟɪɟɝɚɊɢɝɚF±

 9$5(,.,69.ODLSơGD;;DPåLXMHS

 /,(.,6âÄ/DLY\QRSDUDGDV³LUQHƳY\NXVL.ODLSơGRVRNXSDFLMDP1HåLQRPL/LHWXYRVLU9RNLHWLMRVVDQW\NLǐ
SXVODSLDL,Q *HQRFLGDVLUUH]LVWHQFLMD1U  S±

 5$8&+*7KH%DOWLF6WDWHV7KH\HDUVRILQGHSHQGHQFH(VWRQLD/DWYLD/LWKXDQLD±/RQGRQS

 685*$,/,6*/LHWXYRVNDULQLVODLY\QDVS±

 ,ELGS

 32&,Nj1$6$/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơ±PHWDLVKardas1U±S


$!,-.'+#*!-'%&¯+(*&,!#$!(¯'+#*æ,'1&!%'($&!!**$1¯  %,!+

SODQǐNXULHPVEnjWǐSULWDUXVL/LHWXYRVY\ULDXV\EơPYDVDULRG/LHWXYRV0LQLVWUǐWDU\ED
EXYRSULWDUXVLWLNYLGDXVUHLNDOǐPLQLVWURVLnjO\PXLVXGHULQXVVX.UDãWRDSVDXJRVPLQLVWHULMDSLUNWL
YLHQąMnjURVNUDQWRDSVDXJRVODLYą
7DUSXNDULX/LHWXYDQHVSơMRVXNXUWLNDULQLRODLY\QRJDOLQþLRJLQWL.ODLSơGRVXRVWąLUSDNUDQWĊ
,ãGDOLHVWRNƳPHQNąGơPHVƳODLY\QXLOơPơQHWLN¿QDQVǐVWRNDEHWLUEnjWLQXPDVVWLSULQWLVDXVXPRV
SDMơJDVEHLSDWL/LHWXYRVJ\Q\ERVGRNWULQD±JLQWLVWUDXNLDQWLVƳNUDãWRJLOXPąRQHYHVWLJ\Q\EL
QLXVPnjãLXVSDVLHQ\MH.DULXRPHQơVãWDER,VN\ULDXVYLUãLQLQNDVJHQãWSON/HRQDV5XSã\VLU,9
VN\ULDXVYLUãLQLQNDVJHQãWSON%URQLXV*HUWXVWHLJơNDGNDURVX9RNLHWLMDDWYHMX.ODLSơGDEXV
JUHLWDLXåLPWDRODLY\QRYHLNVPDLSULHãYRNLHþLXVEXVQHHIHNW\YnjVWRGơOVNLULDQWOơãDVODLY\QXL
VXVLOSQơWǐ VDXVXPRV NDULXRPHQơV DSUnjSLQLPDV .DGDQJL SDJULQGLQơ J\Q\ELQơ ULED WXUơMR EnjWL
9HQWRVLU'XE\VRVXSơVWDGMnjURMHÄOLNĊV³ODLY\QDVEHSDODLN\PRLãVDXVXPRVEXYREHMơJLVLUWDL
SDDLãNLQDUH]HUYXRWą/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơVYDGRY\EơVSRåLnjUƳƳNDURODLY\QRY\VW\Pą

PHWǐNRYRPơQHVLRUHDO\Eơ

PSUDGåLRMHEXYRMDXþLDPDƳWDPSD/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơMHPNRYRGƳ.ODLSơGą
RMR33YDGRåLQLRQEXYRSDVLǐVWDVYLHQDVOHQJYǐMǐWDQNǐEnjU\VOHQJYLHMLWDQNDLVXQNYHåLPLV
PRWRFLNODVNDULQLQNDVOLNWLQLDLSXVNDULQLQNLDLLUEnjWLQRVLRVWDUQ\ERVNDULǐ.RYRG
RMR33YDGDVJHQãWSON$QWDQDV%UHLPHOLVJDYRƳVDN\PąHYDNXRWLGDOƳSXONRPRELOL]DFLQLR
WXUWR Ƴ .UHWLQJą NDGDQJL WHQ EXYR SHUNHOWDV SXONR PRELOL]DFLMRV FHQWUDV 'DUEDV EXYR SUDGơWDV
GLULNLGY\NRSDJDOSODQąPNRYRGNDULXRPHQơVYDGDVƳVDNơƳ3DJơJLǐƳJXOą
QDXMDL SDãDXNWǐ NDUHLYLǐQHVNLUWL R SDþLą ƳJXOą QXRODWRV ODLN\WL SLOQRV VXGơWLHV  P NRYR
G0LQLVWUǐWDU\ERVSRVơG\MHEXYRQXWDUWDNDG.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRVHLPHOLXLSULơPXVQXWDULPą
DUED(UQVWXL1HXPDQQXLDWOLNXVYHLNVPXVSULHãWDUDXMDQþLXV.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRVWDWXWXLWROHUXRWL
NROQHNLOVWLHVLRJLQLVSDYRMXVYDOVW\EHL.UDãWRYRNLHþLDPVVXNLOXVEXYRQXWDUWDMXRVQXUDPLQWL
SDVLWHONXVNDULXRPHQĊ-HLWDLEnjWǐVXNơOĊ9RNLHWLMRVDJUHVLMąEXYRQXWDUWD/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQĊ
EHSDVLSULHãLQLPRDWLWUDXNWLLãNUDãWRLUNDURYHLNVPXVSUDGơWL'LGåLRMRMH/LHWXYRMH7ąSDþLąNRYR
G.ODLSơGRMHNRPHQGDQWnjURMHY\NRNRPHQGDQWRSON-RQR$QGUDãnjQRLURMR33YDGRJHQãW
SON$ %UHLPHOLRVXVLWLNLPDVVXãDXOLǐEnjULǐYDGDLVNXULRPHWXEXYRDSWDUWDVXGơWLQJDVLWXDFLMD
LUSDWHLNWDLQIRUPDFLMDNDGY\ULDXV\Eơ\UDQXVLWHLNXVLSDQDXGRWLNDULQĊMơJą.RYRG vakare
NRPHQGDQWnjURMHYơOY\NRSDVLWDULPDVVX/â6.ODLSơGRVEnjULǐYDGDLVMRPHWXYDGDLEXYRSHUVSơWL
QHSUDGơWLYHLNWLEHNRPHQGDQWRQXURG\PR,,,3'RSHUDW\YLQơMHåLQLRMHEXYĊVOHQJYǐMǐWDQNǐEnj
U\VVNXELDLSDVLǐVWDVRMR33YDGRåLQLRQPNRYRGYDOãDUYXRþLǐULQNWLQơVRVLRV
NXRSRVWDQNǐEnjU\VYDGRYDXMDPDVOWQ$OELQR5HSãLRDWY\NRƳ7DXUDJĊ


 /LHWXYLV5HVSXEOLNRV0LQLVWUǐ7DU\EDPYDVDULRG/&9$IDSEO

 685*$,/,6*/LHWXYRVNDULQLVODLY\QDVS

 .DUR7HFKQLNRV9LUãLQLQNRPNRYRGUDSRUWDV1U.DULXRPHQơV9DGXL/&9$IDSEO

 ,,,SơVWLQLQNǐGLYL]LMRVYDGRPEDODQGåLRGUDSRUWDVNDULXRPHQơVYDGXL1U/&9$IDSE
O±DO

 ,,,SơVWLQLQNǐGLYL]LMRVãWDER,VN\ULXVRMRSơVWLQLQNǐSXONRYDGXLPNRYRG/&9$IDSEO

 0LQLVWUǐWDU\ERVSRVơGåLRSURWRNRODVPNRYRG/&9$IDSEO±DO

 .ODLSơGRVNUDãWRNRPHQGDQWnjURVNRPHQGDQWRPEDODQGåLRGUDSRUWDV,,,SơVWLQLQNǐGLYL]LMRVYDGXL1U
/&9$DSIEO±

 âDUYXRþLǐ5LQNWLQơV9DGXLåRGåLXGXRWRƳVDN\PRSDWYLUWLQLPDVPNRYRG1U/&9$IDS
EO

 /WQ$5HSãLRPNRYRGUDSRUWDVSXONRYDGXL/&9$IDSEO


.1,-,+"'#--+#+

SDY/LHWXYRVNDULDLNDUHLYLQLǐWHULWRULMRMHNUDXQDWXUWąƳVXQNYHåLPƳ
Nuotrauka iš: KWWSZZZELOGEXQGHVDUFKLYGH

PNRYRGYDODMDPH33EXYRSUDGơWDHYDNXDFLMD5\WHYDO.ODLSơGRMH
SULHSXONRNDUHLYLQLǐVXVLULQNRDQWLOLHWXYLãNDLQXVLWHLNXVLPLQLD7DXUDJơMHYDOƳąMƳ33
DWY\NRNDULQLQNDVVXR¿FLDOLXƳVDN\PXDSLHGDOLQLǐLã.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRDWLWUDXNLPąYDONLWDV
NDULQLQNDVVXDQDORJLãNXƳVDN\PXDWY\NRƳ.ODLSơGąƳąMƳ33YDOLã7DXUDJơVƳ3DJơJLXV
HYDNXDFLMDLEXYRLãVLǐVWDVSXONR,EDWDOLRQRYDGDVPMU(GYDUGDV .D]DQVNLVVXVXQNYHåLPLDLV
QRUVEXYRDSVNDLþLXRWDNDGUHLNLDVXQNYHåLPLǐYDOLãJDEHQXVWLNGDOƳWXUWRLã3DJơJLǐ
LãY\NRRMR33GYLUDWLQLQNǐNXRSDYDOƳ.ODLSơGąDWY\NRVXQNYHåLPLDLLã.UHWLQJRVLU7HO
ãLǐHYDNXRWLNDULQLRWXUWR7XRSDþLXPHWXDSLHYDONRPHQGDQWDVSON-$QGUDãnjQDVSDOL
NR.ODLSơGRVNRPHQGDQWnjUąLUQXY\NRƳąMƳ33,NLYDORMR33NDULDLJHOHåLQNHOLRVWRW\
MHSDNURYơSHUYDJRQǐNDULQLRWXUWREHWVąVWDWDVVWRYơMRQHVQHEXYRJDUYHåLRRMR33YDGDV
VąVWDWXLVXNDULQLXWXUWXLãYHåWLJDUYHåƳJDYRWLNJUDVLQGDPDVEDXGåLDPąMDNDULQHDNFLMDLUVXJDLãR
GDXJLDXNDLSYDODQGDV VąVWDWDVEXYRSDNUDXWDVYDORLãY\NRYDO .DULDLSUDUDGR

 RMRSơVWLQLQNǐSXONRYDGRPEDODQGåLRGUDSRUWDV,,,SơVWLQLQNǐGLYL]LMRVYDGXL1U/&9$I
DSEO±DO

 ,,,SơVWLQLQNǐGLYL]LMRVYDGRPEDODQGåLRGUDSRUWDVNDULXRPHQơVYDGXL1U/&9$IDSE
O±DO

 RMRSơVWLQLQNǐSXONRYDGRPEDODQGåLRGUDSRUWDV,,,SơVWLQLQNǐGLYL]LMRVYDGXL1U/&9$I
DSEO±DO

 ,,,SơVWLQLQNǐGLYL]LMRVYDGRPEDODQGåLRGUDSRUWDVNDULXRPHQơVYDGXL1U/&9$IDSE
O±DO

 .ODLSơGRVNUDãWRNRPHQGDQWnjURVNRPHQGDQWRPEDODQGåLRGUDSRUWDV,,,SơVWLQLQNǐGLYL]LMRVYDGXL1U
/&9$IDSEO±

 ,,,SơVWLQLQNǐGLYL]LMRVYDGRPEDODQGåLRGUDSRUWDVNDULXRPHQơVYDGXL1U/&9$IDSE
O±DO

 RMRSơVWLQLQNǐSXONRYDGRPEDODQGåLRGUDSRUWDV,,,SơVWLQLQNǐGLYL]LMRVYDGXL1U/&9$I
DSEO±DO


$!,-.'+#*!-'%&¯+(*&,!#$!(¯'+#*æ,'1&!%'($&!!**$1¯  %,!+

SDY/LHWXYRVNDULDLƲJXORVJ
Nuotrauka iš: KWWSZZZELOGEXQGHVDUFKLYGH

GDOƳ3DJơJLǐƳJXORVWXUWRLUNRYRGƳ.ODLSơGąâDXOLǐVąMXQJDLDWVLǐVWąNDULQƳNURYLQƳ.UDãWR
ãDXOLDPVLãNXULǐJLQNODLQHEXYRVXULQNWLNRPHQGDQWDVMXRVQXURGơVOơSWL3DJơJLXRVH/LHWXYRV
NDULXRPHQơSDOLNRãRYLQLǐQRUVLãYHåơSDWDO\QĊLUNDUHLYLǐDVPHQLQLXVGUDEXåLXV
.RYRGYDNDUHY\ULDXV\EơELMRGDPDQHUDPXPǐSDVNHOEơVXVWLSULQWRVDSVDXJRVSDGơWƳYL
VRMH /LHWXYRMH LãVN\UXV .ODLSơGRV âLOXWơV LU 3DJơJLǐ DSVNULWLV90 WDLS SDW QXVSUHQGơ YLVXV NDUR
SULHYROĊ DWOLNLQơMXVLXV QXRODWLQLXV .ODLSơGRV NUDãWR J\YHQWRMXV SDOHLVWL Lã NDULXRPHQơV 6XVLGD
ULXVƳ NDULǐ WUnjNXPą EXYR QXPDW\WD NRPSHQVXRWL DQNVþLDX SDãDXNLDQW SUDWLPDPV  P SDJDO
SODQąQXPDW\WXVDWVDUJRVNDULXVƲNDULXRPHQĊLã.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRNDVPHWEXYRSDãDXNLDPDDSLH
Y\UǐRYLHQXPHWXEXYRLNLY\Uǐ917XRPHWEXYRSDOHLVWLãDXNWLQLDLSUDGơMĊWDUQ\Eą
PJHJXåơVGLUãDXNWLQLDLSUDGơMĊWDUQ\EąPVSDOLRG7ąSDþLąP
NRYRG/LHWXYRMHEXYRSDVNHOEWDVLUY\NRDWVDUJRVNDULǐãDXNLPDV93Ƴ\SDWLQJXRVLXV karo pra
timusRLãJ\YHQWRMǐUHNYL]XRMDPLDUNOLDLLUWUDQVSRUWRSULHPRQơV Buvo konstatuota, kad ne

 .ODLSơGRVNUDãWRNRPHQGDQWnjURVNRPHQGDQWRPEDODQGåLRGUDSRUWDV,,,SơVWLQLQNǐGLYL]LMRVYDGXL1U
/&9$IDSEO±

 RMRSơVWLQLQNǐSXONRYDGRPNRYRGƳVDN\PDVSONOWQ6WDQLXOLXL1U/&9$IDSEO
90
 1$9,&.$6./LHWXYLǐWDXWRVVDYLJ\QRVSDWLUWLV/LHWXYRVQHSULNODXVRP\EơVSUDUDGLPRLUDWJDYLPRLVWRULRJUD¿Qơ
DSåYDOJD ± 9LOQLXVS
91
 3DOHLVWLLãNDULXRPHQơV.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRY\UDLKarys1US

 âDXNWLQLǐSRUHLNLVNDULXRPHQơMHP/&9$IDSEO
93
 .$0ƳVDN\PDVNDULXRPHQHLPNRYRG1U/&9$IDSEO

 $WVDUJRVLUDSVDXJRVNDULǐãDXNLPąƳNDURSUDWLPXVVNHOEơNUDãWRDSVDXJRVPLQLVWUDVDWVDUJRVNDULDLJDOơMREnjWLNDUR
SUDWLPDPVãDXNLDPLLNLNDUWǐSRVDYDLWHV.DULQơVSULHYROơVƳVWDW\PDV9\ULDXV\EơVåLQLRV1U
S

 'RNXPHQWHNXUƳSDVLUDãRNDULXRPHQơVãWDERYLUãLQLQNDVLU,,,VN\ULDXVYLUãLQLQNDVNRYRGY\NĊ\SDWLQJLHMLNDUR
SUDWLPDLƳYDUGLMDPLNDLSPRELOL]DFLMDNXULEXYRY\NGRPDSDJDOPRELOL]DFLMRVGLUHNW\YąLUWYDUNDUDãþLXV$WVDUJRV
NDULDL EXYR ãDXNLDPL YLVRMH /LHWXYRMH GơO ƳYDLULǐ WUnjNXPǐ PLQLPRV 7DXUDJơV 7UDNǐ .DXQR 8NPHUJơV âDNLǐ

99
.1,-,+"'#--+#+

YLVRVHNRPHQGDQWnjURVHVDYLYDOG\EơVHLUNDULXRPHQơVGDO\VHSDVLUHQJWDPRELOL]DFLMDL$WVDUJLQLDL
LUWUDQVSRUWRSULHPRQơVƳ7DXUDJơVƳJXOąULQNRVLQHWGLHQDV%XYRVHQLnjQǐNXULHVąYRNąWXRMDX
VXSUDWR WDLS NDG YHåLPą UHLNLD SULVWDW\WL SHU  YDO 7DLS SDW EXYR SDVWHEơWD YơODYLPDV EHYHLN
YLVRVHVULW\VH,QIRUPDFLMDDSLHEnjVLPXVNDURSUDWLPXVPVDXVLRGWUDGLFLãNDLEXYR
SDVNHOEWDYLHãDLLULãDQNVWR.DU\MHWDþLDXVNHOELPHSUDWLPDLGDUQHEXYRƳYDUGLMDPL\SDWLQJDLVLDLV
LUMǐGDWDQHQXURG\WD$WVDUJRVNDULQLQNDLLUSXVNDULQLQNLDLNDURSUDWLPǐWXUơMREnjWLãDXNLDPLVD
YDLWơPVRJUDQGLQLDLLUHLOLQLDL±VDYDLWơPVâDXNLDPLHMLSUDWLPDPVWXUơMRJDXWLUDãWLãNXVãDXNL
PXVNXULXRVHWXUơMREnjWLQXURG\WDVPXONHVQơLQIRUPDFLMD3DQDãDXVSREnjGåLRNDLSPNRYR
G\SDWLQJLHMLNDURSUDWLPDLEXYRY\NGRPLLUPUXJVơMRSUDGåLRMHSUDVLGơMXVNDUXLWDUS
9RNLHWLMRVLU/HQNLMRV997DLJLPLQơWXV/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơVYHLNVPXVJDOLPDƳYDUG\WLNDLSVODSWą
GDOLQĊPRELOL]DFLMąNDLSULVLGHQJLDQWSUDW\ERPLVPDQHYUDLVDUNWYHLNVPDLVVLHNLDPDXåWLNULQWL
MRVRUJDQL]DYLPRLUY\NG\PRVODSWXPą5HPLDQWLVVNHOELPX.DU\MH galima teigti, kad atsargos ka
riai, pašaukti \SDWLQJǐMǐNDURSUDWLPǐYLHWRMSODQXRWǐNDVPHWLQLǐåLQRMRNDGEXVSDãDXNWLWDþLDX
WLNơWLQDNDGNDULXRPHQơVãWDEDVWLNUHÀHNWDYRƳNLQWDQþLąWDUSWDXWLQĊVLWXDFLMąLUSDVLQDXGRGDPDV
NDURSUDWLPǐSULHGDQJDY\NGơ\SDWLQJXRVLXVNDURSUDWLPXVVWLSULQGDPDVNDULXRPHQĊWDPDWYHMXL
MHLVDQW\NLDLVX9RNLHWLMDGDUODELDXSDEORJơWǐLULãDXJWǐƳDWYLUąNRQIURQWDFLMą
.RYR±GYLVL/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơVGDOLQLDLJDYĊ/LHWXYRVY\ULDXV\EơVƳVDN\PąLã.ODL
SơGRVNUDãWRVNXELDLDWVLWUDXNơ.DLSYơOLDXVDYRUDSRUWXRVHNRQVWDWDYRRMRLURMR33YDGDLLU
.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRNRPHQGDQWDVHYDNXDFLMDLã.ODLSơGRVY\NRFKDRWLãNDLQLHNDVODLNXQHJDXGDYR
DLãNLRV LQIRUPDFLMRV LU QXURG\Pǐ .DULQLDP WXUWXL LãYHåWL WUnjNR WUDQVSRUWR R SDåDGơWDVLV QHDW
Y\NGDYRDUEDYơOXRGDYR/LHWXYRVY\ULDXV\EơQHEHNRQWUROLDYRSDGơWLHVQHLPLHVWHQHLNUDãWH100
7XRPHWX3OXQJơMHVWRYơMĊVRMR33,,EDWDOLRQDVEXYRNRYLQơVSDUHQJWLHVLUSDVLUXRãĊVUHDJXRWLƳ
QHQXPDW\WXVƳY\NLXV101
.ODLSơGRV NUDãWR QHWHNWLV LQVSLUDYR /LHWXYRV NDULXRPHQơV SHUGLVORNDYLPą LU SDVDN
JHQãWSONOWQ-XR]R/LVWRSDGVNLRMDXQDNWƳLãNRYRƳGGDOLV.ODLSơGRVƳJXORVSơVþLRPLV
SDVLHNơ3OXQJĊ/DLNLQDL.UHWLQJRMHOLNĊ.ODLSơGRVƳJXORVSDGDOLQLDLƳ3OXQJĊDWY\NRP
NRYRGYDO1039\WDXWDV/HVþLXVQXURGRNDGRMR33GDOLQLDLLã.ODLSơGRVODLNLQDLEXYR
LãGơVW\WL .UHWLQJRMH R YơOLDX SHUNHOWL Ƴ 3OXQJĊ 7HOãLXV LU 7U\ãNLXV Ʋ 3OXQJĊ EXYR SHUNHOWDV LU
.ODLSơGRMHEXYĊVSXONREHL.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRNRPHQGDQWnjURVWXUWDV.ODLSơGRMHVWRYơMĊVPRWR
UL]XRWDVDUWLOHULMRVEnjU\VEXYRSHUGXRWDVRMR$3YDGRåLQLRQRMR33YLHQąSULHGDQJRVWLSR

DSVNULW\VRDWVDUJRVNDULDLY\NRƳƳJXODVƳYDLULRVHYLHWRVH PLQLPRV7DXUDJơV.DXQR8NPHUJơVƳJXORV 3DVWDERV


GơOPNRYRGƳY\NXVLǐ\SDWLQJǐNDURSUDWLPǐPELUåHOLRG/&9$IDSEO±

 9$,ý(121,6-/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơVPRGHUQL]DFLMDS

 $SLH SODQXRMDPXV NDUR SUDWLPXV YLHãDL EXYR VNHOELDPD LU DQNVWHVQLDLV PHWDLV .DUR SUDWLPDL DWVDUJRV NDULDPV
Karys1US

 6NHOELPHEXYRLãYDUG\WRVYLVRVNDULQLQNǐLUNDULǐJUXSơVNXULRVPEXYRSDãDXNWRVNDURSUDWLPǐ.DULXRPHQơV
ãWDERSUDQHãLPDVDWVDUJRVNDULǐNDURSUDWLPǐUHLNDOXKarys1US
99
 9\NGDQWSDVLUHQJLPǐHLOĊ.DULXRPHQơVãWDER,VN\ULDXVUHIHUDWDV/&9$IDSEO
100
 .ODLSơGRVNUDãWRNRPHQGDQWnjURVNRPHQGDQWRPEDODQGåLRGUDSRUWDV,,,SơVWLQLQNǐGLYL]LMRVYDGXL1U
/&9$IDSEO±RMRSơVWLQLQNǐSXONRYDGRPEDODQGåLRGUDSRUWDV,,,SơVWLQLQNǐ
GLYL]LMRVYDGXL1U/&9$IDSEO±DORMRSơVWLQLQNǐSXONRYDGRPEDODQGåLRG
UDSRUWDV,,,SơVWLQLQNǐGLYL]LMRVYDGXL1U/&9$IDSEO±DO
101
 /,6723$'6.,6-/DLVYơVLUYHUJRYơVPHWDL9LOQLXVS

 ,ELGS±
103
 RMR33YDGRPEDODQGåLRGUDSRUWDV/&9$IDSEO

 /(6ý,86 9 /LHWXYRV NDULXRPHQơV RUJDQL]DYLPR GLVORNDYLPR LU JLQNOXRWơV SRN\þLDL ± P ,Q Karo
DUFK\YDV$WVUHG*685*$,/,679LOQLXVS

 ,,,3'PNRYRGƳVDN\PDV/&9$IDSEO

100
$!,-.'+#*!-'%&¯+(*&,!#$!(¯'+#*æ,'1&!%'($&!!**$1¯  %,!+

EDWDOLRQąEHNXRSRVEXYRQXWDUWDGLVORNXRWL3OXQJơMHRYLHQąNXRSą±5LHWDYH,NLWRO3OXQJơMH
EXYĊVSXONR,,EDWDOLRQDVLUDUWLOHULMRVJUXSơ EH YLHQRV EDWHULMRV SHUVLNơOơ Ƴ7HOãLXV NXU QHEXYR
WLQNDPǐSDWDOSǐLULQIUDVWUXNWnjURV7HOãLXRVHRMRSơVWLQLQNǐSXONRSDGDOLQLDLDSLHåPRQLǐ
ƳVLNnjUơDPDWǐ6'DXNDQWRLUå\GǐSUDGåLRVPRN\NORVHRVDQGơOLDYLPXLQDXGRMR/LHWnjNLRVDQGơ
OLXVPOLHSRVG.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRNRPHQGDQWnjUDEXYRLãIRUPXRWDGRNXPHQWDLLUWXUWDV
EXYRSHUGXRWLNLWLHPVGDOLQLDPVLUƳVWDLJRPV109ƲąMƳ33SDVLǐVWDVWDQNǐEnjU\VPEDODQGåLR
GEXYRJUąåLQWDVƳVDYRGDOLQƳ5DGYLOLãN\MH1106SUHQGLPDVLã.ODLSơGRVLãJDEHQWLQHUHLNDOLQJą
NDULQƳWXUWąÄQHVXGDUDQWHYDNXDFLMRVƳVSnjGåLR³EXYRSULLPWDVGDUNRYRG111 Pasitraukimo metu
/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơQHVSơMRLãYHåWLYLVRVDYRWXUWRWDGNRYRGNDULXRPHQơVYDGDVRMR33
PMU3HWUXL%XUDJXLSDYHGơY\NWLƳ.ODLSơGąLUUnjSLQWLVSDOLNWRNDULXRPHQơVLU/â6WXUWREHLJLQNOǐ
DWJDEHQLPXƳ/LHWXYąRQHVDQWJDOLP\ELǐDUEDODEDLEUDQJLDLNDLQXRMDQW±SDUGDYLPXYLHWRMH
6XULPWDLVVXQNXPDLVVXVLGnjUơNDURODLYDVPrezidentas Smetona, nes netekus vienintelio tin
NDPRVWRYơWLXRVWRODLYDVNXULODLNąSODXNLRMRWDUSâYHQWRVLRVLU/LHSRMRVRDSVLVWRMĊSUDGơWDPH
ƳUHQJWLâYHQWRVLRVXRVWHEXYRXåEORNXRWDVQHVMnjUDVPơOLXXåQHãơHNYDWRULǐ113
PNRYRPơQHVƳDWVLWUDXNLPDVLã.ODLSơGRVEXYRQHNDULQLVRSROLWLQLVSUDODLPơMLPDVQHV
NDULXRPHQơEnjGDPDJLQNOXRWDGLVFLSOLQXRWDMơJDWXUơGDPDSDUHQJWXVSODQXVJDOơMRSDVLSULHãLQWL
9RNLHWLMDLäLQRPDNDURYHLNVPDLVX9RNLHWLMDEnjWǐWUXNĊQHLOJDLR/LHWXYDQHLãYHQJLDPDLEnjWǐ
SUDODLPơMXVL7RNLXDWYHMXSODQXRVHEXYRQXPDW\WDNDULXRPHQHLLQWHUQXRWLV/DWYLMRMHDUEDEDQ
G\WLSUDVLYHUåWLSHU9LOQLDXVNUDãWąƳ66567XRPHWLQLVNDULXRPHQơVYDGDVEUJHQ65DãWLNLV
UDãơÄGLGHVQơVDUPDåHVQơVGDOLHVDUQHWLUYLVRVVDYRYDOVW\EơVWHULWRULMRVQHLãYHQJLDPDVODLNLQDV
SUDUDGLPDVLãVDXJRMXVVDYRY\ULDXV\EĊLUNDULXRPHQĊQHWXUơWǐEDXJLQWLQHVWDEnjWǐSDWHLVLQDPD
GLGHOLDPWLNVOXLSDVLHNWL³PSRWHULWRULQLRSUDUDGLPR/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơJDQDODQNVþLDL
UHDJDYRƳNLQWDQþLąWDUSWDXWLQĊVLWXDFLMąNRUHJDYRVDYRSODQXVLUNHLWơGDOLQLǐGLVORNDFLMRVYLHWDV

,ãYDGRV

 .DLSHYHQWXDOXV/LHWXYRVSULHãDV9RNLHWLMD.$0SODQXRVHEXYRƳYDUG\WD;;DRMRGHãLP
WPHþLRYLGXU\MHNDL.ODLSơGRVNUDãWHVXDNW\YơMRVHSDUDWLVWLQơVQXRWDLNRVR(XURSRMHNLORUH
DOLNDURJUơVPơ5HDJXRGDPDƳN\ODQþLąJUơVPĊ/LHWXYRVNDULQơYDGRY\EơQHWLNVWLSULQRVDYR

 PEDODQGåLRGSURWRNRODV/&9$IDSEO

 .DULXRPHQơVãWDER,,,VN\ULXV.DULXRPHQơVWLHNLPRYLUãLQLQNXL1UPJHJXåơVG/&9$IDS
EO

 'LYL]LMRVYDGRPJHJXåơVGUDSRUWDV.DUREXWǐYDOG\ERVYLUãLQLQNXL1U/&9$IDSEO
109
 'LYL]LMRVYDGRPUXJSMnjþLRGUDSRUWDV.DULXRPHQơVWLHNLPRYLUãLQLQNXL1U/&9$IDS
EO
110
 .DUR7HFKQLNRV9LUãLQLQNDV.DULXRPHQơVâWDER9LUãLQLQNXL1UPEDODQGåLRG/&9$IDS
EO
111
 ,,,3'YDGRƳVDN\PDVRMR33YDGXLPNRYRG/&9$IDSEO

 ,,,3'YDGRƳVDN\PDVRMR33YDGXLPNRYRG/&9$IDSEO
113
 685*$,/,6*/LHWXYRVNDULQLVODLY\QDVS±

 PNRYRG/LHWXYRVY\ULDXV\EơVSRVơG\MHNDåNDVLãPLQLVWUǐÄSDVLVDNơXåJLQNOXRWąSDVLSULHãLQLPą5HLFKXL
SDVLSULHãLQLPXLXåVLWĊVXVEHQWSRUąVDYDLþLǐJDOƳVLNLãWǐNLWRVYDOVW\EơV³%HWƳ3UH]LGHQWRNODXVLPąNLHNLOJDLJDOL
/LHWXYD SULHãLQWLV NUDãWR DSVDXJRV PLQLVWUDV EU JHQ .D]\V 0XVWHLNLV LU NDULXRPHQơV YDGDV EU JHQ 6 5DãWLNLV
DWVDNơÄ1ơWULMǐGLHQǐ³1$9,&.$6.2SFLWS±

 /LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơLU9\ULDXV\EơWXUơMRWUDXNWLVãLDXUơVU\WǐNU\SWLPLOLQN=DUDVǐQHVWDLEXYRWROLPLDXVLDVWDãNDV
QXRVLHQRVVX9RNLHWLMD%DQGDQWSUDVLYHUåWLSHUÄ9LOQLDXVNRULGRULǐ³Ƴ6656/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơVSLHWLQƳVSDUQą
QXROHQNǐEXYRSODQXRMDPDGHQJWL,QGUXOLǐ±'\VQǐHåLU'\VQRVXSơVULERMH2SHUDFLMǐSODQDV1UÄ9³P
YDVDULRG/&9$IDSEO

 5$â7,.,662SFLWS

101
.1,-,+"'#--+#+

NDULXRPHQĊ EHW LU SDUHQJơ Ä9³ Ä/³ Ä/9³ .ODLSơGRV J\Q\ELQLXV SODQXV PRELOL]DFLMRV
HYDNXDFLMRVLUVLHQǐSULHGDQJRVSODQXVEHLVXIRUPDYRGY\OLNDSDVLHQLRDSVDXJRVEDWDOLRQǐ
  PHWDLV /LHWXYRV NDULXRPHQơ DWVLåYHOJGDPD Ƴ .ODLSơGRV NUDãWR J\YHQWRMǐ QXRWDLNDV
LU JHRSROLWLQĊ SDGơWƳ ƳY\NXV VXNLOLPXL .ODLSơGRV NUDãWH SODQDYR VX NDULXRPHQơV SDJDOED
QHUDPXPXVPDOãLQWLƲNRQÀLNWąƳVLNLãXV9RNLHWLMRVNDULXRPHQHLEXYRSODQXRMDPDDWVLWUDXNWL
Lã.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRLUJ\Q\ELQLXVYHLNVPXVWĊVWLäHPDLWLMRMH$WVLåYHOJLDQWƳãLDVDSOLQN\EHV
,±,,,SDVLHQLRDSVDXJRVEDWDOLRQDLEXYRIRUPXRMDPLQH/LHWXYRV±9RNLHWLMRVSDVLHQ\MHSULH
1HPXQRLU.XUãLǐPDULǐEHW.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRLUäHPDLWLMRVSDVLHQ\MH
 $WVLåYHOJLDQWƳNDULQĊGRNWULQą/LHWXYRVNDULQLVODLY\QDVLUSDNUDQþLǐJ\Q\ED/LHWXYRMHQH
EXYRY\VWRPLQHVNRQÀLNWRVX9RNLHWLMDDWYHMXNDULXRPHQơWXUơMRDWOLNWLVWDEG\PRYHLNVPXV
LUPDQHYUXRGDPDWUDXNWLVƳNUDãWRJLOXPąXå9HQWRV±'XE\VRV±1HPXQRXSLǐRYơOLDXWROLDX
ƳãLDXUơVU\WXV=DUDVǐOLQN.DULXRPHQơVWLNVODVEXYRQHDSJLQWLYDOVW\ELQHVVLHQDVDUYDOVW\
EơVWHULWRULMąEHWLãVDXJRWLVDYREUDQGXROƳLUY\ULDXV\EĊNXULJDOơWǐYHLNWLHPLJUDFLMRMH
 PNRYR±G/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơLã.ODLSơGRVNUDãWRDWVLWUDXNơVNXERWDL*DOơMRNLOWL
NDULQLVNRQÀLNWDVVX9RNLHWLMDNXULREXYRVLHNLDPDLãYHQJWLNROQHNLORJUơVPơYDOVW\EơVVXYHUH
QLWHWXL7DGEXYRSDDXNRWDVYDOVW\EơVWHULWRULQLVYLHQWLVXPDV±DWVLVDN\WD.ODLSơGRVNUDãWR7DþLDX
NRYRG/LHWXYRMHEXYRSDVNHOEWLLUY\NR\SDWLQJLHMLNDURSUDWLPDLNXULǐPHWXYLVRMHãDO\MHEXYR
ãDXNLDPLDWVDUJRVNDULDLEHLLPDPRVWUDQVSRUWRSULHPRQơV7RNLXVYHLNVPXVJDOLPDƳYDUG\WLNDLS
GDOLQĊVODSWąNDULXRPHQơVPRELOL]DFLMą6XPDLãWLHVƳDWVLWUDXNLPRSURFHVąƳQHãơVNXERWXPDVQHV
WDPEXYRVNLUWDYRVSXVDQWURVSDURVWUDQVSRUWRLUU\ãLREHLNRRUGLQDFLMRVLãFHQWULQơVYDOGåLRVVWRND

/LWHUDWnjUD
$ä8%$/,6$OJLUGDVHWDO.DURSHGDJRJLND/LHWXYRMH ±P 9LOQLXV
%5$7,.$6/DLPLVäYLOJVQLVƳVYDUELDXVLXV/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơVåLQJVQLXVKardas1US±
%87.869HQDQWDV.DULQLVODLYDVÄ3UH]LGHQWDV6PHWRQD³Karys1US±
-$.8%ý,21,6$OJLUGDV/LHWXYRVPXLWLQơ9LOQLXV
-2.8%$86.$69\WDXWDV7XãþLDVãnjYLVJDOLP\EơVDWUHPWL9RNLHWLMRVNDULQĊJUơVPĊPHWDLV,VWRULMDWS±
.ODLSơGRVGYDUDL6XG.'(0(5(&.$6.ODLSơGD
.8=0,169DOGLV/DWYLMDVEUXƼRWRVSƝNXPRELOL]ƗFLMDVXQDL]VDUG]ƯEDVSOƗQLJDGDEHLJƗV±JDGDVƗNXPƗMi
OLWƗUDLVDSVNDLWV1UO±
/(6ý,869\WDXWDV/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơVRUJDQL]DYLPRGLVORNDYLPRLUJLQNOXRWơVSRN\þLDL±P.DURDUFK\YDV,
7S±
/,(.,6âDUnjQDVÄ/DLY\QRSDUDGDV³LUQHƳY\NXVL.ODLSơGRVRNXSDFLMDP1HåLQRPL/LHWXYRVLU9RNLHWLMRVVDQW\NLǐSXV
ODSLDL*HQRFLGDVLUUH]LVWHQFLMD1U  S±
/,6723$'6.,6-XR]DV/DLVYơVLUYHUJRYơVPHWDL9LOQLXV
0$1ý,16.$6ýHVORYDV3ROLFLMD/LHWXYRMH±PHWDLV9LOQLXV
1$9,&.$6.RQVWDQWLQDV/LHWXYLǐWDXWRVVDYLJ\QRVSDWLUWLV/LHWXYRVQHSULNODXVRP\EơVSUDUDGLPRLUDWJDYLPRLVWRULRJUD¿Qơ
DSåYDOJD ± 9LOQLXV
3(75,.Ơ1$69\WDXWDV,QåLQHULQơVSULHPRQơV/LHWXYRVJ\Q\ERMH  ,Q;;DPåLDXVIRUWL¿NDFLMD/LHWXYRMH.DX
QDVS±
32&,Nj1$6$UY\GDV/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơ±PHWDLVKardas1U±S±
5$8&+YRQ*HRUJ7KH%DOWLF6WDWHV7KH\HDUVRILQGHSHQGHQFH(VWRQLD/DWYLD/LWKXDQLD±/RQGRQ
67$7.869\WHQLV/LHWXYRVJLQNOXRWRVLRVSDMơJRV±P&KLFDJR
685*$,/,6*LQWDXWDV/LHWXYRVNDULQLVODLY\QDV±P9LOQLXV
685*$,/,6*LQWDXWDV/LHWXYRVNDURODLY\QXL±PHWǐKarys1US±
9$,ý(121,6-RQDV%DOWLMRVSDNUDQWơVDSVDXJRVSUREOHPRVSDJDO/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơVPRGHUQL]DYLPR±PSOD
QXVKardas1US±
9$,ý(121,6-RQDV/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơYDOVW\EơVSROLWLQLRJ\YHQLPRYHUSHWXRVH ± 9LOQLXV
9$,ý(121,6-RQDV/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơVPRGHUQL]DFLMD ± Darbai ir dienos7S±
9$,ý(121,6-RQDV/LHWXYRVNDULXRPHQơVVNDLþLDL±P.DURDUFK\YDVWS±
9$5(,.,69\JDQWDV.ODLSơGD;;DPåLXMH.ODLSơGD


$!,-.'+#*!-'%&¯+(*&,!#$!(¯'+#*æ,'1&!%'($&!!**$1¯  %,!+

9$5(,.,69\JDQWDV0±Ä3UH]LGHQWDV6PHWRQD³±Ä3LUPnjQDV³±7Ä2WOLþQLN³0DåRML/LHWXYD1U
 
9$5(,.,69\JDQWDVâDXOLǐVąMXQJD±PHWDLVLUMRVOLNYLGDFLMD7ULPLWDV1US
ɆȿɅɄɈɇɈȼɘɪɢɣɉɭɲɤɢɄɭɪɥɹɧɞɫɤɨɝɨɛɟɪɟɝɚɊɢɝɚ

./$,3('$5(*,21'()(1&(3/$16'5$:183%<7+(/,7+8$1,$1$50<
$1'5($/,7<,1

Vytautas Jokubauskas
Klaipeda University, Lithuania

Summary

,QWKHHDUO\ZLWKWKHDULVLQJWKUHDWRI*HUPDQ\WKH/LWKXDQLDQPLOLWDU\GRFWULQHGH¿QHG
*HUPDQ\ DV D SRWHQWLDO DJJUHVVRU DQG VHYHUDO YDULDQWV RI WKH RSHUDWLRQDO SODQ ³9´ LH9RNLHWLMD
µ*HUPDQ\¶ ZHUHGHYHORSHG'HIHQFHSODQVIRU.ODLSHGD5HJLRQDQG&LW\ZHUHSUHSDUHGDGGLWLRQDOO\
WKRXJKWKH¿UVWSODQVRIVXFKNLQGZHUHGUDZQXSE\WKH/LWKXDQLDQ$UP\+HDGTXDUWHUVDVHDUO\
DV LQ WKH V7KRVH SODQV SURYLGHG IRU WKH SRVVLEOH WKUHDW RI LQVXUUHFWLRQ RI WKH ORFDO *HUPDQ
SRSXODWLRQ LQ .ODLSHGD 5HJLRQ LQ VXFK D FDVH WKH SODQ HQYLVDJHG *HUPDQ\¶V RIIHQVLYH E\ ODQG
DFURVV WKH 1HPXQDV 5LYHU E\ VWRUPLQJ DVKRUH DW WKH DSSURDFKHV WR .ODLSHGD 6HDSRUW /LWKXDQLD
SODQQHGWRPDNHXVHRILWVDUPHGIRUFHVLQRUGHUWRVWDPSRXWWKHUHYROWRQO\LQWKHHYHQWRIUHEHOOLRQ
and in the case of involvement of Germany’s military forces, the Lithuanian forces were supposed
WR UHWUHDW WR äHPDLWLMD UHJLRQ DQG FRPPHQFH GHIHQVLYH DFWLRQV VKRXOG WKH RIIHQVLYH RI *HUPDQ\
SURFHHG7KH/LWKXDQLDQPLOLWDU\GRFWULQHSURYLGHGIRUGHIHQFHLQWKHKLQWHUODQGRIWKHFRXQWU\E\
PDQRHXYULQJDQGUHWUHDWLQJLQWKHQRUWKHDVWGLUHFWLRQWRZDUGV=DUDVDL,QWKHHYHQWRIGHIHDWWKH
retreat of the remaining army and the government to Latvia or to the Soviet Union via Vilnius Region
ZDVSODQQHG7KRVHSODQVDFFRXQWHGIRUWKHUHVHUYHGDWWLWXGHWRZDUGVWKHQDY\GHYHORSPHQWVLQFH
LQ/LWKXDQLDRQO\KDGDVLQJOHZDUVKLS3UH]LGHQWDV6PHWRQDDQGVHYHUDOERUGHUSROLFHERDWV
,QWKH/LWKXDQLDQDUPHGIRUFHVLQ.ODLSHGD5HJLRQLQFOXGHGDERXWPDOHVZKLOHWKH
/LWKXDQLDQDFWLYHDUP\HQOLVWHGPDQSRZHULQWKHSHDFHWLPHDQGLQWKHHYHQWRIPRELOL]DWLRQ
WKHDUPHGIRUFHVZHUHWRLQFUHDVHWRSHRSOHDQGEHFRPSRVHGRILQIDQWU\GLYLVLRQV
LQIDQWU\EULJDGHUHVHUYHLQIDQWU\EDWWDOLRQVUHVHUYHDUWLOOHU\UHJLPHQWFDYDOU\UHJLPHQWV
UHVHUYHFDYDOU\VTXDGURQVERUGHUJXDUGEDWWDOLRQV 3$% DLUIRUFHDUPRXUHGFDYDOU\XQLWDQG
RWKHUXQLWVDQGVHUYLFHV'XULQJWKHJLYHQSHULRG/LWKXDQLDGLVSRVHGRIDSSUR[LPDWHO\ERUGHU
SROLFHPHQDQGSROLFHPHQ$WWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKH/LWKXDQLDQ5LÀHPHQ8QLRQLQFOXGHG
XQLWVZLWKFRPEDWSHUVRQQHO,QWKHHYHQWRIZDUWKHWRWDOQXPEHURIWKH/LWKXDQLDQDUPHG
IRUFHVZRXOGKDYHEHHQDERXW±SHUVRQQHO
)ROORZLQJWKHXOWLPDWXPRI*HUPDQ\RQ0DUFKWKH/LWKXDQLDQDUP\PDGHDKDVW\
UHWUHDW IURP .ODLSHGD 5HJLRQ DQG WKH PLOLWDU\ FRQÀLFW ZLWK *HUPDQ\ ZDV HVVHQWLDOO\ DYRLGHG
VLQFH LW ZRXOG KDYH LQHYLWDEO\ HQGHG ZLWK WKH PLOLWDU\ GHIHDW RI /LWKXDQLD 7KH UHWUHDW IURP
Klaipeda Region proceeded in a chaotic manner, there was a shortage of transport, lack of action
FRRUGLQDWLRQIURPWKHFHQWUDODXWKRULWLHVDQGRIWLPHWKHDUP\KRZHYHUZDVWKHRQO\VWUXFWXUHWR
UHWUHDWLQDQRUGHUO\PDQQHUDQGWDNHDZD\DOPRVWDOOPLOLWDU\DVVHWV$PRQJWKHLPSRUWDQWIDFWRUV
that impeded the implementation of the plans and ensured the control of Klaipeda City during the
UHWUHDWZDVWKHGLVDUPDPHQWRIWKHULÀHPHQRQWKHQLJKWRIWKHVWWRQGRI0DUFKVLQFHQR
IRUFHVZHUHOHIWZKLFKZHUHVXSSRVHGWRVHFXUHSURWHFWLRQRIWKHVWUDWHJLFVLWHVRIWKHFLW\

103

You might also like