Modélisation Macroscopiaue Des Inondations Fluviales Et Urbaines

!"#$%&"'$ ()!
'*$++"$% ""
!"#$!# #% %#!&$"'(# )( *+$,(#)-!
',$&$
!"# !$%&'(# )& *#+,& ,&
)./0123 41 56(78913:80; <.70=155813 ""
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
-.!)& /!.%!#+)& 0 123%45&3 6'%7*#73 &' 8(!)!*(&9 :*#!'!5(&9 ;7!3.(&'.&39

<2,#!3.(&'.&39 -'=(#!''&5&'%
#73&'%7& &% 3!"%&'"& "$)(>"&5&'% )& ?@ A!=&5$#& ?BBC
*-./-0 1"!2 345 6)'
D(%#& 0
<.4;58:>08.7 ?>/3.:/.=8@21 41: 87.74>08.7: A298>51: 10 23B>871: C
D38:1 17 /.?=01 41: ;/.251?170: 4831/08.7715:
10 41: ;/E>7F1: 580 ?>G123 H 580 ?87123
E"#2 0
!"# $%&'(" !"!##! F'(=&#3(%7 G!'% &))(&# 66 H!I-'.+,#+'%&

# )*+(+,," $%&'#() -.+/"&0+12 3" 4'5('. "1 6%& J+ !#%&"#
# 6+.7".1 *'(#+, F'(=&#3(%7 G!'% &))(&# 66 H!I-'.+,#+'%
(("# $27+(" -"+.!" ;('*&# -'=(#!''&5&'% K 6'L#+3%#".%"#&3 6'=(%7&
# 8'9"&1 /+0) -A;--1 J+ !#%&"#
# :+7'(%0 1(.(2%! 6A1: ,& M2!' N#73(,&'%
!"# ;%.3&% 3+&%!04$%&5&+ -.+/"&0+12 $%1*'(+<5" 3" ='5/%+. >?"(@+<5"A -O+5('+%#(.&
!"#$ %$& '!()*+$&
!"#$%&'(#)%" *
+ ,#'&- .)/0)%1$234)5'- 6
!" #$%&'()*%+'$ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ",
! -'(./ (. *01*)1 "2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ""
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
! !" 3+4. "" ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ""

! ! 56-789: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ";
! !< #/+/ =1'> ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! !? -'$*1)/+'$ @')& 1./ *'(./ "2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ?
!< -'(./ (. *01*)1 2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ?
!<!" 3+4. " =1'> 3'(.1 =3 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! A
!<! B.1.C0* 2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ;
!<!< :D 2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ;
!<!? -'$*1)/+'$ @')& 1./ *'(./ 2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! <,
!? -'(./ (. *01*)1 "27 2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! <,
!?!" D'1E @0*40F. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! <"
!?! --56"27=1''( 7 --56 27=1''( ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! <"
!?!< 3+4. =1''( ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! <
!?!? :'G.47"2 2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! <H
!?!H -'$*1)/+'$ @')& 1./ *'(./ *')@1I/ "27 2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! <J
!H K%0% (. 1L0&% (./ 0@@&'*M./ 0)N O'1)C./ P$+/ @')& 1./ IQ)0%+'$/
MR@.&G'1+Q)./ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! <J
!H!" S. @&'G1TC. (. 8+.C0$$ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! <U
!H! S./ /'1O.)&/ (. 8+.C0$$ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! <U
!H!< V&+/. .$ *'C@%. (./ %.&C./ /')&*. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ?
* 7%&80)92#)%" (%'308- :;+: <6
<!" V&I/.$%0%+'$ () *'$*.@% (. *')@10F. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ?;
<! 5R@'%MT/./ .% %.&C+$'1'F+. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ?U
<!< KQ)0%+'$/ (. @&'@0F0%+'$ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! H"
<!<!" W+10$ (. C0//. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! H"
<!<! W+10$ (. Q)0$%+%I (. C')O.C.$% (0$/ 10 (+&.*%+'$ Ox ! ! H<
<!<!< W+10$ (. Q)0$%+%I (. C')O.C.$% (0$/ 10 (+&.*%+'$ Oy ! ! H?
<!<!? W+10$ (./ E'&*./ 0@@1+Q)I./ 0) X)+(. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! H?
<!<!H KQ)0%+'$/ /')/ E'&C. +$%IF&01. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! HJ
+
!"!"# $%&'(') *+ ,-. %/0') *+. 12 -) 32 " " " " " " " " " " " " " 45
!"!"6 7/0') *+. .*0. 8*(9- , :%(-+) -;;- " " " " " " " " " " " " " 4<
!"= >%%?( )0(- ,-. .@.)A9-. ,B%/0') *+. ,'+. ;- (%8%(-+) -; ,- ;B +)-(8'?- #4
!"#$%&'($) *+# ",&-'($)# *+ ./$.-0-'($) .-/ %- 1"'2$*+ *+#

3$%&1+# 4)(# 56
="1 C;D*( )E9- ,- (%.*;0) *+ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 6F
="3 >%.*;0) *+ ,- ;' &'() - ?*+.-(G') G- ,-. %/0') *+. " " " " " " " " " 63
="3"1 H*(90;') *+ ?'('?)%( .) /0- " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 6!
="3"3 I+)%D(') *+ ;- ;*+D ,-. ?'('?)%( .) /0-. " " " " " " " " " " " 64
="3"! J';?0; ,0 G-?)-0( K0L F M ;B +)-(8'?- " " " " " " " " " " " " 66
="3"= I9&;'+)') *+ ,0 .*;G-0( N*(C$ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 54
="! I+)%D(') *+ ,-. )-(9-. ,- 8(*))-9-+) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 55
="!"1 2%)-(9 +') *+ ,0 ('@*+ E@,('0; /0- " " " " " " " " " " " " 5<
="!"3 >%.*;0) *+ ,-. %/0') *+. , :%(-+) -;;-. *(, +' (-. " " " " " <F
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
="= J';?0; ,-. K0L M )('G-(. ;-. +)-(8'?-. +)%( -0(-. " " " " " " " " " <1
="="1 O@&*)EA.-. ,- )('G' ; " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " <1
="="3 P('+.8-() ,- 9'..- " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " <3
="="! Q/0 ; R('D- ,- ;' /0'+) )% ,- 9*0G-9-+) )('+.G-(.';- " " <=
="="= P('+.8-() ,- /0'+) )% ,- 9*0G-9-+) ;*+D )0, +';- " " " " <#
="4 S-.) *+ ,-. -L)(%9 )%. ,0 ?'+'; 12 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " <5
="# S-.) *+ ,-. ?*+, ) *+. '0L ; 9 )-. " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " <5
="6 2 .?(%) .') *+ .&') ';- ,- ;' T*+- ,B%)0,- " " " " " " " " " " " " " " <<
7 !"#&%'-'# 89:
4"1 U'; ,') *+ ,0 .*;G-0( N*(C$ " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 1F=
4"1"1 7?*0;-9-+) 0+ , 9-+. *++-; M )('G-(. 0+- T*+- ,- &*(*V
. )% G'( 'R;- W P-.) T1 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 1F=
4"1"3 7?*0;-9-+) 0+ , 9-+. *++-; .0( 0+- R*..- W P-.) T2 " " " 1F6
4"1"! >0&)0(- ,- R'(('D- " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 1F<
4"1"= 7)0,- ,- ?*+G-(D-+?- X T6 Y " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 11=
4"1"4 J'. )-.) -L&%( 9-+)'; X T7 Y " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 116
4"3 QL&%( -+?-. (%'; .%-. " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 13F
4"3"1 2-.?( &) *+ ,0 , .&*. ) 8 -L&%( 9-+)'; " " " " " " " " " " " 13F
4"3"3 $%( - 1 V J';'D- ,0 ?*-Z? -+) ,- (0D*. )% " " " " " " " " " 133
4"3"! $%( - 3 V J'+'; (-?)'+D0;' (- 'G-? ,%R*(,-9-+) " " " " " " 1!!
4"3"= $%( - ! V J*0,-. " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 1==
4"3"4 $%( - = V Q)0,- ,- ;' .)(0?)0(- ,-. %?*0;-9-+). )('+.G-(.'0L14!
4"! [*,%; .') *+ ,B0+ ?'. (%-; " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 14=
4"!"1 N(%.-+)') *+ ,- ;' T*+- ,B%)0,- " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 14=
4"!"3 J*9&'(' .*+ ,-. E'0)-0(. ,B-'0 . 90;%-. " " " " " " " " " 146
4"!"! J*9&'(' .*+ ,-. G )-..-. ,B%?*0;-9-+) . 90;%-. " " " " " 1#1
5 ;$)<%&#($) 857
!"#$% & &'(
!"# $%&%' ( &) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #*+
!"#"# ,-.)/-. 0- 1%)2-)/ 03-%) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #*+
!"#"4 5 6&- 03-%) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #*7
!"4 $%&%' -& 8%/8% &6. " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #*9
!"4"# ,-.)/- 0- 1%)2-)/ 03-%) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #*9
!"4"4 5 6&-. 03-%) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #*:
!"+ $%&%' -& ;/ <)-. " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #*=
!"+"# ,-.)/-. 0- 1%)2-)/ 03-%) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #*=
!"+"4 5 6&-. 03-%) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #*>
!"7 ,?0@' .%2 ?& " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #=#
!"7"# $%&%' ( &) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #=#
!"7"4 !88/?A B%2 ?& 0) /%C?& 1C0/%)' <)- " " " " " " " " " " " " #=+
!"7"+ $%&%' -& 8%/8% &6. " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #=7
!"7"7 $%&%' -& ;/ <)-. " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #=:
) !"#$% * &+,
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
D"# ,% ''%6-. )2 ' .@. 8?)/ '-. B?0@' .%2 ?&. " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #=>
D"4 $?&E6)/%2 ?& F5 2 B &-)/ 7 cmG " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #>#
D"4"# ,-.)/-. 0- 1%)2-)/. 03-%) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #>#
D"4"4 5 6&-. 03-%) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #>4
D"4"+ ,-.)/-. 0- H 2-..-. " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #>+
D"4"7 I 2-..-. B?0@' .@-. " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #>7
D"+ $?&E6)/%2 ?& F5 2 B &-)/ 17 cmG " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #>9
D"+"# ,-.)/-. 0- 1%)2-)/. 03-%) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #>9
D"+"4 5 6&-. 03-%) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #>:
D"+"+ ,-.)/-. 0- H 2-..-. " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #>*
D"+"7 I 2-..-. B?0@' .@-. " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #>=
D"7 $?&E6)/%2 ?& F5 2 B &-)/ 28 cmG " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #>>
D"7"# ,-.)/-. 0- 1%)2-)/. 03-%) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " #>>
D"7"4 5 6&-. 03-%) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 4JJ
D"7"+ ,-.)/-. 0- H 2-..-. " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 4J#
D"7"7 I 2-..-. B?0@' .@-. " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 4J4
- !"#$% ( *.(
$"# ,% ''%6-. )2 ' .@. 8?)/ '-. B?0@' .%2 ?&. " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 4J+
$"4 $?&E6)/%2 ?& K $?)0-. ( >J /%88/?L1@. M " " " " " " " " " " " " " 4J9
$"4"# N B-&. ?&. 0) 0 .8?. 2 O -A8@/ B-&2%' " " " " " " " " " " " 4J9
$"4"4 ,-.)/-. 0- 1%)2-)/. 03-%) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 4J:
$"4"+ 5 6&-. 03-%) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 4J*
$"4"7 P/?E' 0- L1%/6- " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 4J=
$"4"9 ,-.)/-. 0- H 2-..-. " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 4J>
$"4": I 2-..-. B?0@' .@-. " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 4#J
$"+ $?&E6)/%2 ?&K $?)0-. ( >J @'? 6&@. M " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 4##
$"+"# N B-&. ?&. 0) 0 .8?. 2 O -A8@/ B-&2%' " " " " " " " " " " " 4##
$"+"4 ,-.)/-. 0- 1%)2-)/. 03-%) " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 4#4
!
"#$#$ % &'() *+(,- # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ./$
"#$#0 12345 *( 67,2&( # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ./8
"#$#8 9()-2() *( ! :())() # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ./;
"#$#; < :())() =3*>5 )>() # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ./?

tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!"!#$%!"!&'(
! "#!$% & '!(!')#!' *+!$%!(,*! -!% .!'%/$$!% 01# /$" '!$-1 )!""! "23%! ./%4
%#,*!5
! '!(!')#! -+6,/'- 7'#) 8!'96" ./1' (+69/#' 6))1!#**# 61 %!#$ -1 *6,/'6"/#'!
:;-'/%)#!$)!% </$".!**#!' -/$" *6 )/$9#9#6*#"= 6 '!$-1 )! "'696#* %# .*6#%6$"5
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
! '!(!')#! 61%%# >#$)!$" ?1#$/" !" @6'/*! A!*!$$!B *!% !$)6-'6$"% -! (6

"23%!B ./1' 69/#' !$)6-'= (!% 6)"#9#"=% -+!$%!#C$!(!$" !" -! '!)2!')2!5 ! "#!$%
& %/1*#C$!' *!1' C'6$-! -#%./$#,#*#"= !" *!1'% )/$%!#*%B "/1D/1'% 69#%=%B 01# (+/$"
.!'(#% -! E/1'$#' "/1"! *6 '#C1!1' $=)!%%6#'! & )! "'696#* -! "23%!5 ! (! %/19#!$4
-'6# =C6*!(!$" -!% ,/$% (/(!$"% 01! $/1% 69/$% .6%%= !$%!(,*!B $/"6((!$"
*/'% -!% !F.='#!$)!% '=6*#%=!% & *+7G8H<5
<6 C'6"#"1-! 96 61%%# & *6 %/)#="= ?#$C!' 7$9#'/$$!(!$" !" I$E'6%"'1)"1'!%
./1' 69/#' J$6$)= )!""! "23%! -6$% *! )6-'! -+1$! ,/1'%! @IKL7 !$ .6'"!$6'#6"
69!) *+HGLM 01! D! '!(!')#! =C6*!(!$"5 ! %1#% .*1% .6'"#)1*#3'!(!$" '!)/$$6#%4
%6$" !$9!'% @=)#*! N*/9!* 01# (+6 .!'(#% -! )/$)#*#!' (!% 6)"#9#"=% -! '!)2!')2!B
-+!$%!#C$!(!$" !" -+#$C=$#!'#!5
! '!(!')#! *!% (!(,'!% -1 D1'; ./1' 69/#' 6))!."= -+=96*1!' (!% "'6961F
-! -/)"/'6"5 A+6,/'-B L/,!'" </%= !" O2#*#..! K'61$#= 01# /$" 6))!."= -! '!4
*#'! (/$ (=(/#'! !" -+!$ P"'! *!% '6../'"!1'%5 N!1'% '!(6'01!% /$" ="= "'3%
!$'#)2#%%6$"!% !" (+/$" /Q!'" 1$! 9#%#/$ .*1% C*/,6*! -! (/$ "'696#*5 <!% '!(!'4
)#!(!$"% 9/$" 61%%# & G#)/*6% L#9#3'! ./1' 69/#' .'=%#-= (/$ D1'; -! "23%! !"
./1' (+69/#' /Q!'"B 69!) 86$-'6 8/6'!%4K'6R6/B 1$ '!C6'- )'#"#01! %1' *+!$%!(,*!
-! (!% "'6961F5
! '!(!')#! !$J$ *+!$%!(,*! -! (!% )/**3C1!% -1 *6,/'6"/#'! :;-'/%)#!$)!%
</$".!**#!' !" -! *6 %/)#="= ?#$C!' 7$9#'/$$!(!$" !" I$E'6%"'1)"1'!%5 S*#9#!'B
H*!F6$-'!B O2#*#..!B K6,#!$B K'6$T/#%B O6"'#)U !" "/1% *!% 61"'!%B (!')# -+69/#'
'!$-1 *+6$$=! .!$-6$" *601!**! (/$ .'/D!" -! "23%! 6 ="= J$6*#%= %# .*6#%6$"!5
<!')# 61%%# -! (+69/#' 6..'#% *! (="#!' !" -+69/#' .'#% *! "!(.% -+69/#' )!% -#%4
)1%%#/$% %# #$"='!%%6$"!%5 G6/(#B V!$R6B @*61-#$!B V'#%"#$!B G#)/*!B K'6$T/#%B
<6'#!4?!/'C!B N1)B <6$/$B <6'#/$B D! 9/1% '!(!')#! -+69/#' =*6'C# (/$ 2/'#4
R/$5 W$! .!$%=! "/1"! .6'"#)1*#3'! 96 & <#)2!* A!%,/'-!% 01# (+6 "/1D/1'% ./'"=
%/$ 6""!$"#/$ ,#!$9!#**6$"!5
7$J$B D! '!(!')#! (6 (6/1'%!B (6 E6(#**! !" (!% 6(#% .'/)2!%5 <!')# (6 )2=4
'#! -! (+69/#' '!$-1 (6 %='=$#"= */'% -!% (/(!$"% -#X)#*!%5 <!')# (!% .6'!$"%B
Y
!"#$%& &' ()%*+$,- .+,. /0$ 12, 324' 5206 %&. .#$&,#&. &' %+ 6&#7&6#7& ,8+06+$'
9+1+$. "'" #& /08$% &.' :&*&,0; <&6#$ = >%2 &' +0 5&'$' ?$#2%+. :& 18+*2$6 +##21@
5+3," 5&,:+,' 1+ .20'&,+,#&- .$ 562#7& :& 12, #2&06; <&6#$ = '20. #&0A /0&
9& ,8+$ 5+. #$'" 5206 /0$ 1+ 6&#2,,+$..+,#& ,8&, &.' 5+. 12$,. 36+,:&; <&6#$
= B721+.- ?26+- C%$*$&6- DD- E0%$&,- F%$G"&- F%&A- H$&66&- I6+*$'G- !2#2''& &'
'20. %&. +0'6&. 5206 +*2$6 6&,:0 '20. #&. 121&,'. :& %2$.$6 .$ :"#2,'6+#'+,';
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!"#$%&' (
!"#$%&'"($!
!"#$#%&'"$# ()' *( +,(-"(, ,")./( #&'/,(* (# '(,-() %( #$-0,( %( +(,)$##()
1$#1(,#2() %&#) *( -$#%( 3 45# %( */''(, 1$#',( 1( ,")./(6 /# #$-0,( "-7
+$,'&#' %!2'/%() ()' -(#2 18&./( &##2( %&#) *( 1&%,( %( *& %2'(,-"#&'"$# %(
*!"#$#%&0"*"'2 %!/# '(,,"'$",( &/ +,2&*&0*( 9 )$# &-2#&:(-(#' 2;(#'/(* $/ %( *&
./&#'"51&'"$# %( *!"-+&1' %!/# +,$<('3 !"#:2#"(,"( -$%(,#( =&"' :2#2,&*(-(#'
&++(* 9 %() 1$%() %( 1&*1/* +(,-(''&#' *& -$%2*")&'"$# %() 21$/*(-(#') &5# %(
)"-/*(, *( 1$-+$,'(-(#' 8>%,&/*"./( %!/# 1$/,) %!(&/6 #$'&--(#' (# +2,"$%(
%( 1,/(3 ?!()' *( 1&) %( *& )$1"2'2 @"#:(, A#;",$##(-(#' B C#=,&)',/1'/,() ./"
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
5#&#1( 1(''( '8D)( %&#) *( 1&%,( %( *& 0$/,)( ?CEFA # GHHI7JKJ3

L*/)"(/,) '>+() %( 1$%( %( 1&*1/* (M")'(#' &/<$/,%!8/"3 () *$:"1"(*) /#"%"7
-(#)"$##(*) +(,-(''(#' /#( -$%2*")&'"$# ,(*&'";(-(#' )"-+*( %() 1$/,) %!(&/
%/ =&"' %() 8>+$'8D)() /'"*")2()3 A# (N('6 "*) #2:*":(#' *() 21$/*(-(#') %&#) *&
%",(1'"$# ',&#);(,)&*( 9 *!&M( %/ 1$/,) %!(&/ -$%2*")23 ?() 1$%() %( 1&*1/* )$#'
*() +,21/,)(/,) %() $/'"*) %( -$%2*")&'"$#) %() 21$/*(-(#')3 () 1$%() %( 1&*1/*
/#"%"-(#)"$##(*) &;(1 1&)"(,) O$/ +)(/%$ 0"%"-(#)"$##(*P )$#' %() $/'"*) /#"7
%"-(#)"$##(*) 1$/+*2) 9 )>)'D-( %( 1&)"(,) +(,-(''&#' %( +,(#%,( (# 1$-+'(
*() +82#$-D#() %( )'$1Q&:( %&#) *( *"' -&<(/,3 C*) +(,-(''(#' %!$0'(#", /#(
-$%2*")&'"$# ,(*&'";(-(#' 5%D*( %() %>#&-"./() %!21$/*(-(#' %D) *$,) ./( *!$#
,()+(1'( *() 8>+$'8D)() )$/)7<&1(#'() ./" )$#' +&,=$") ',D) ,()',"1'";()3 R&*:,2
1(*&6 1() 1$%() ,()'(#' *&,:(-(#' /'"*")2) (# ,&")$# %( *(/, ,&+"%"'2 %( 1&*1/*3
S/&#% *() 8>+$'8D)() %() 1$%() /#"%"-(#)"$##(*) )$#' ',$+ 1$#',&":#&#'()6 "*
()' :2#2,&*(-(#' =&"' &++(* &/M 1$%() %( 1&*1/* 0"%"-(#)"$##(*)3 () 8>+$'8D)()
)$#' +*/) )$/+*() -&") *() %(-&#%()6 (# '(,-() %( %$##2() '$+$:,&+8"./()6 %(
-&"#7%!T/;,( +$/, 1$#)',/",( *( -$%D*( (' %( '(-+) %( 1&*1/*6 )$#' :2#2,&*(-(#'
"-+$,'&#'()3 ?() %"N2,(#') +$"#') )$#' &/'&#' %!$0)'&1*() 9 *!/)&:( %( '(*) -$7
%D*() -&") 1(,'&"#() &++*"1&'"$#) +(/;(#' </)'"5(, %( +&>(, 1() 1$U')3 4/ 1$/,)
%() %(,#"D,() %21(##"()6 $# & &))")'2 9 *!2-(,:(#1( %!$/'"*) %( 1&*1/* 1$/+*2) /#"7
(' 0"%"-(#)"$##(* +(,-(''&#' %( ,2/#", *() &;&#'&:() %() %(/M +,212%(#') '>+()
%( 1$%() %( 1&*1/* '$/' (# )!&N,&#18"))&#' %!/#( +&,'"( %( *(/,) "#1$#;2#"(#')
,()+(1'"=)3 V$/'(=$")6 *( 1$/+*&:( (#',( 1() %(/M '>+() %( -$%D*() #!()' :2#2,&7
*(-(#' +&) )&'")=&")&#' %&#) *& -()/,( $W 1(,'&"#) +82#$-D#() +8>)"./() &>&#'
/# ,X*( +,2+$#%2,&#' )$#' #2:*":2)3 A# (N('6 *& +,")( (# 1$-+'( %() ',&#)=(,')
%( ./&#'"'2 %( -$/;(-(#' (#',( *() %(/M -$%D*() +(/' Y',( %"Z1"*( %/ =&"' %(
*& 1$-+*(M"'2 9 &11$,%(, %(/M -$%D*() -(''&#' (# <(/ /# #$-0,( %"N2,(#' %(
! "##$ %&&'''!$()*!+,#&-)#./,+&0,1+)#).+2()345,2*67,5(&0.33),(2()345,2)+.+06#).+
&$68,)+#(.05-#).+!"#* 96--:3 ;, <=&>?&<>>?@
K
!"#$%&'( )* %+&',-.!&%,+
/01203456 7568129:2/56 75 4;<8=>45?5@: AB 9=>1 456 ?=7C456 >@272?5@62=@@546 5: D

9=>1 456 ?=7C456 3272?5@62=@@546E*
F;=3G58:2H 75 85::5 :IC65 56: 7=@8 75 8=@859:>042651 >@ ?=7C45 951?5::0@:
>@ 8=>940J5 >@2K 5: 3272?5@62=@@54 5: 9=>1 45L>54 4;5@65?345 756 9I<@=?C@56
9IM62L>56 91<9=@7<10@:6 65102: 9126 5@ 8=?9:5 5: @=:0??5@: 456 :10@6H51:6 75
L>0@:2:< 75 ?=>/5?5@: 5@:15 456 75>N 6=>6K?=7C456 )- 5: B-* F0 1<04260:2=@ 75
856 :10/0>N 75 158I518I5 5@ <:1=2:5 1540:2=@ 0/58 45 ?2425> 2@7>6:1254 0 5@8=>10J<
45 7</54=995?5@: 7;>@ 8=75 75 8048>4 =9<10:2=@@54 70@6 456 7<4026 75 85::5 :IC65*
.@5 @5::5 1<7>8:2=@ 75 40 7>1<5 75 62?>40:2=@ 56: 0::5@7>5 901 1099=1: O 4;>60J5
7;>@ 8=75 3272?5@62=@@54 840662L>5 :=>: 5@ 951?5::0@: 75 91=7>215 756 1<6>4:0:6
7;>@5 91<8262=@ 62?240215*
!5 ?<?=215 91<65@:5 7;03=17 456 72P<15@:6 8=756 75 8048>4 5?94=M<6 9=>1
40 ?=7<4260:2=@ 756 <8=>45?5@:6* #Q@ 75 9=>/=21 :2151 0/0@:0J5 7> 94>6 J10@7
@=?315 75 ?<:I=7=4=J256 5N26:0@:56R 4;5@65?345 756 :M956 75 ?=7C456 J<@<1045K
?5@: 5?94=M<6 56: 9066< 5@ 15/>5* .@ <:0: 75 4;01: 756 ?<:I=756 @>?<12L>56
951?5::0@: 40 1<6=4>:2=@ 756 <L>0:2=@6 2?94<?5@:<56 70@6 456 72P<15@:6 8=756 75
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
8048>4 56: <J045?5@: 1<0426< 70@6 45 8I092:15 B* $01 40 6>2:5R 40 ?<:I=7=4=J25 75

8=>940J5 9=>1 456 <8=>45?5@:6 >@2K 5: 3272?5@62=@@54 56: 7<812:5 0> 8I092:15 D*
F0 1<6=4>:2=@ @>?<12L>5 756 <L>0:2=@6 02@62 =3:5@>56 H02: 4;=3G5: 7> 8I092:15
02@62 L>5 4;2?94<?5@:0:2=@ 7> 8=75 75 8048>4 ST)B- 7</54=99< 70@6 45 80715 75
85::5 :IC65* (@Q@R 0> 8I092:15 UR 45 8=75 75 8048>4 91=9=6< 56: 8=@H1=@:< O >@5
6<125 75 :56:6 @>?<12L>56R 0>N 1<6>4:0:6 5N9<12?5@:0>N =3:5@>6 95@70@: 40 7>1<5
75 856 158I518I56 02@62 L>;0> 8=75 75 8048>4 3272?5@62=@@54 STB-R 7</54=99<
0> 652@ 7> 403=10:=215 "M71=6825@856 V=@:9544251*
(@ 8=?94<?5@: 756 :10/0>N 75 158I518I56 ?5@<6 70@6 45 80715 75 85::5 :IC65R
756 <:>756 7;2?908: 5: 7;2@=@703242:< =@: <:< ?5@<56 O 325@ 9=>1 45 3>150>
7;<:>75 W2@J51 (@/21=@@5?5@: X %@H106:1>8:>156*
!"#$%&' (
!"#$ %&'(&)*+,-.&/"$
!""#$%&
!" #$%&'()*%+'$ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ",
! -'(./ (. *01*)1 "2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ""
! !" #$%& "" ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ""
! !"!" '$()*+,$(-,$./ 0& 12+34-,$./ 0& )./,$/4$,+ ! ! ! ! ! ! "
! !"! '$()*+,$(-,$./ 0& 12+34-,$./ 0& )./(&*5-,$./ 0& 1-
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
34-/,$,+ 0& 6.45&6&/, ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "7

! !"!8 9*-$,&6&/, 0&( )-( &/ *+:$6& ,.**&/,$&1 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ";
<.*641-,$./ =-* 0+>-4,! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ";
<.*641-,$./ -1,&*/-,$5&! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "?
! ! @ABCDEF ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "?
! !8 G($( <1.H ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
! !7 B./)14($./ =.4* 1&( ).0&( "' ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 7
!3 -'(./ (. *01*)1 2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 4
!8!" #$%& " <1.H #.0&1 <# ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! I
!8! 9&1&6-) ' ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ?
!8!8 FJ ' ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ?
!8!7 B./)14($./ =.4* 1&( ).0&( ' ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 8K
!4 -'(./ (. *01*)1 "25 2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 3,
!7!" J.1> =-)%-:& ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 8"
!7! BB@A"'C<1..0 C BB@A 'C<1..0 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 8"
!7!8 #$%& <1..0 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 8
!7!8!" L./),$./ 0& ,M=& N(,-/0-*0 1$/%N ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 88
!7!8! O./),$./ 0& ,M=& N1-,&*-1 1$/%N ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 87
!7!8!8 '$(,*$P4,$./ 04 0+P$, &/,*& #$%& "" &, #$%& " ! ! ! 87
!7!7 F.P&%C"' ' ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 8Q
!7!Q B./)14($./ =.4* 1&( ).0&( ).4=1+( "'C ' ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 8;
!6 7%0% (. 180&% (./ 099&'*:./ 0); <'1)=./ >$+/ 9')& 1./
?@)0%+'$/ :A9.&B'1+@)./ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 3C
!Q!" R& =*.P1S6& 0& D$&6-// ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 8T
!Q! R&( (.15&4*( 0& D$&6-// ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 8T
!Q! !" F.15&4*( )-1)41-/, 1- (.14,$./ &U-),& 024/ =*.P1S6&
0& D$&6-// ($6=1$V+ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 7K
!Q! ! F.15&4*( )-1)41-/, 4/& (.14,$./ -==*.)W+& 04 =*.C
P1S6& 0& D$&6-// &U-), ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 7K
!"#$%&'( )* +&,-( .%./%01'#$"%2,(
!"! !# $%&'()*+ ,-./0/+ 011*%23.+ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 45

!"!# 6*7+( (8 2%91/( ,(+ /(*9(+ +%)*2( ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 4
!"!#!5 :./3%,( ,(+ 10+ ;*02/7%8807*(+ <%) !"# $%&! !'( = ! 4
!"!#! $23.90+ .>)7&7?*( <%) )#&&*+,&,'-#. $-/#"#$ = ! ! ! ! 4
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!"#$% &%'$(#)*#+!
am !" #$%%&#'$(' ) *+$,&(' -+.( &./#$0"
av !" #$%%&#'$(' ) *+$/$* -+.( &./#$0"
EQ !" #$%%&#'$(' ) *+"(!",1*" -" *+23&.*","('
FP !" #$%%&#'$(' $. *4' ,$5".# 678 9 7*&&- 8*$4(:
i !" #$%%&#'$(' ) *+2*2,"(' -" 3$*3.* 6,$4**" &. (&".-: ( i
i,j !" #$%%&#'$(' ) *+4('"#;$3" "('#" *"! 2*2,"('! -" 3$*3.* ( i "' ( j
j !" #$%%&#'$(' ) *+4('"#;$3" ( j
L !" #$%%&#'$(' ) *+2'$' 0$.3<" -. %#&1*=," -" >4",$((
MC !" #$%%&#'$(' $. *4' ,4(".# 6?@ 9 ?$4( @<$(("*:
R !" #$%%&#'$(' ) *+2'$' -#&4' -. %#&1*=," -" >4",$((
x !" #$%%&#'$(' ) *$ -4#"3'4&( Ox
y !" #$%%&#'$(' ) *$ -4#"3'4&( Oy
A4!'" -"! 4(-43"!

tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
,-)+'.!* &%'$(#)*#+!
n
!" #$%%&#'$(' $. nième %$! -" '",%! -" 3$*3.*
A4!'" -"! "B%&!$('!
/012+3% &%'$(#)*#+! 4!#*5

A ?$'#43" 5$3&14"(("
A0 C.#;$3" "( %*$( "('#" -".B %#&D*! -" 3$*3.* m2
Ai C.#;$3" "( %*$( -" *$ ,$4**" -" 3$*3.* ( i m2
B E"#," -+23<$(0" -" ,$!!" $/"3 *" 1F'4 m s−1
@&,%&!$('"! -. '"#," -+23<$(0" -" H.$('4'2 -"
Bx G By m2 s−2
,&./","(' $/"3 *" 1F'4
b A$#0".# $. ,4#&4# -" *+23&.*","(' m
C @&"I34"(' -" @<2JK m1/2 s−1
Cr L&,1#" -" @&.#$(' ∅
Cx G Cy @&,%&!$('"! -" *$ ;&#3" -" @&#4&*4! m2 s−2
c @2*2#4'2 -"! &(-"! -" %#"!!4&( m s−1
D @&"I34"(' -" -2/"#!&4# m1/2 s−1
Dx G Dy @&,%&!$('"! -" *$ ;&#3" *42" ) *$ /$#4$'4&( -" *$ -"(!4'2 m2 s−2
−
→
F M"3'".# N.B
Fr L&,1#" -" 7#&.-" ∅
@&,%&!$('"! -. '"#," !&.#3" %#"($(' "( 3&,%'" *"!
Fx G Fy m s−2
;#&''","('!
7&(3'4&( -&(' *$ -2D(4'4&( "!' %#234!2" *&#! -" !&(
f
.'4*4!$'4&(
g O332*2#$'4&( 0#$/4'$'4&(("**" m s−2
h P$.'".# -+"$. m
I E"#," -+4(D*'#$'4&( -$(! *" !&* m s−1
!"#$%&'( )* +&,-( .%./%01'#$"%2,(
!"#$%& '&()*+,-+$. /.+-0

!4564789:; <= :;>5; <?@AB89C; <; D=89:E:@ <;
Ix 3 Iy m2 s−2
54=F;5;9: 8F;A G; 74G
/49C=;=> <; <@F;>7;5;9: ;9:>; G;7 <;=H 54<IG;7
L m
9=5@>ED=;7
Li,j /49C=;=> <; G?E9:;>J8A; ;9:>; G;7 58EGG;7 <; A8GA=G 9 i ;: j m
Ml KG=H G8:@>8G <; :>897J;>: <; D=89:E:@ <; 54=F;5;9: m3 s−2
−
→n L;A:;=> 94>58G M74>:89:N
O8:>EA; <; 68778C; <= >@J@>;9:E;G CG4P8G 8= >@J@>;9:E;G
Pi,j
8::8AB@ Q G?E9:;>J8A; ;9:>; G;7 A;GG=G;7 9 i ;: j
Q -@PE: <; G?@A4=G;5;9: 3 −1
m s
Qe -@PE: <?@AB89C; ;9:>; G;7 54<IG;7 9=5@>ED=;7 m3 s−1
L4G=5; <?8664>: G8:@>8G 68> =9E:@ <; 7=>J8A; ;: 68> =9E:@
Ql m3 m−2 s−1
<; :;567
!4564789:;7 <= :;>5; <; <ER=7E49 9=5@>ED=; <; G8
Qx 3 Qy m2 s−2
D=89:E:@ <; 54=F;5;9:
-@PE: =9E:8E>; <897 G8 <E>;A:E49 Ox m2 s−1
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
q
ql -@PE: =9E:8E>; <?8664>: G8:@>8G m2 s−1
R &;>5; <?8664>: 68> 6>@AE6E:8:E49 m s−1
Rh '8S49 BS<>8=GED=; m
r -@PE: =9E:8E>; <897 G8 <E>;A:E49 Oy m2 s−1
S L;A:;=> <;7 :;>5;7 74=>A;
S T;A:E49 <; G?@A4=G;5;9: m2
S0,x 3 S0,y !4564789:;7 <; G8 6;9:; <= J49< ∅
Sf,x 3 Sf,y !4564789:;7 <; G8 6;9:; <;7 J>4::;5;9:7 ∅
Sh $;9:; <;7 6;>:;7 <; AB8>C; 7E9C=GEI>;7 ∅
St L4G=5; =9E:8E>; 9; 68>:EAE689: 687 8=H @A4=G;5;9:7 m3 m−1
!4564789:;7 <= U=H <; D=89:E:@ <; 54=F;5;9: ;9:>89:
Sx 3 Sy m2 s−2
68> =9E:@ <; 7=>J8A;
Tx 3 Ty !4564789:;7 <; G8 J4>A; <; :=>P=G;9A; m2 s−2
t !44><499@; <; :;567 s
U L;A:;=> <;7 F8>E8PG;7 <; G?@A4=G;5;9:
ul LE:;77; <; G?@A4=G;5;9: G8:@>8G m s−1
−
→
V L;A:;=> FE:;77; <; G?@A4=G;5;9: m s−1
V LE:;77; <; G?@A4=G;5;9: <897 G8 <E>;A:E49 G49CE:=<E98G; m s−1
V L4G=5; <?;8= A49:;9= <897 =9; 58EGG; <; A8GA=G m3
Wx 3 Wy !4564789:;7 <; G8 J4>A; GE@; 8= F;9: m2 s−2
x VI>; A44><499@; <?;768A; m
y )I5; A44><499@; <?;768A; m
z !4:; <; G8 7=>J8A; GEP>; m
zb !4:; <= J49< m
#9CG; <; >4:8:E49 ;9:>; G; >@J@>;9:E;G CG4P8G ;:G;
α −→ −−→ rad
>@J@>;9:E;G 8774AE@ Q G?E9:;>J8A; W α = Ox ; Ox′
!4;XAE;9: <; >@68>:E:E49 <; G8 FE:;77;
′
β ∅
∆t $87 <; :;567 <; A8GA=G s
∆x3 ∆y $87 <?;768A; <; A8GA=G m
-E7:89A; ;9:>; <;=H 64E9:7 <; A8GA=G <?=9; 5Y5; F8>E8PG;
∆2x m
64=> G; 7AB@58 <?#PP4:: Z %49;7A=
!"#$%& '&()*+,-+$. /.+-0
!"#$%&'( (&$)( *(+, -."&$# *( '%/'+/ *0+&( 121( 3%)"%4/(
∆2x m
-.+) /( #'561% *0744.$$ 8 9.&(#'+
′ :.(;'"(&$ *( $)%&#<()$ *( /% =+%&$"$6 *( 1.+3(1(&$ %+
ξ ∅
&"3(%+ *(# '.&>+(&'(#
Γ ?.&@+(+) *( /0"&$()<%'( *+ 3./+1( *( '.&$)A/( m
λ− B λ + :6/6)"$6# *0.&*( *( /06'.+/(1(&$ m s−1
Ω C+)<%'( (& -/%& *+ 3./+1( *( '.&$)A/( m2
ρ D%##( 3./+1"=+( *+ >+"*( kg m−3
φ E.).#"$6 ∅
νt :.(;'"(&$ *( 3"#'.#"$6 $+)4+/(&$( m2 s−1
E%)%1F$)( *( -.&*6)%$".& $(1-.)(/ *+ #'561% *(
ψ ∅
E)("##1%&&
Θ E%)%1F$)( *0"1-/"'"$%$".& *+ *64"$ ∅
E%)%1F$)( *( -.&*6)%$".& #-%$"%/ *+ #'561% *(
θ ∅
E)("##1%&&
E6)"1F$)( 1.+"//6
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
χ m
?"#$( *(# 3%)"%4/(#

! "#$%&'() *+ ,'-.) /&/0&12($%#&3-)
!" #$%&'()*%+'$
04 56789:4;<6= 84;>?84;<@9A BAC D7<=E<DAC D>FC<@9AC BA E6=CA7G4;<6= AC;
E6==9A BAD9<C BA =68H7A9CAC 4==?AC IJKLMN J !MN JLMO+ .4=C :A E4C BAC ?E69:A8A=;C
H<B<8A=C<6==A:C A= 8<:<A9 DA9 D7656=BN :AC ?@94;<6=C BA P4<=;QRA=4=; CS?E7<GA=; T

∂h ∂q ∂r
+ + =0


∂t ∂x ∂y



 2
 ∂q ∂ q 1 2 ∂ qr ∂zb
+ + gh + = gh − − Sf,x I*+ O
 ∂t ∂x h 2 ∂y h ∂x
2

 ∂r
 ∂ qr
∂ r 1 ∂zb
+ + + gh2 = gh − − Sf,y


∂t ∂x h ∂y h 2 ∂y

6U h 7AD7?CA=;A :4 >49;A97 BSA49N q :A B?H<; 9=<;4<7A B4=C :4 B<7AE;<6= OxN r :A

B?H<; 9=<;4<7A B4=C :4 B<7AE;<6= Oy N g :S4EE?:?74;<6= V74G<;4;<6==A::AN zb :4 E6;A
B9 56=BN Sf,x I7ACDAE;<GA8A=; Sf,y O :4 DA=;A BAC 576;;A8A=;C B4=C :4 B<7AE;<6=
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
Ox I7ACDAE;<GA8A=; Oy ON t :4 E667B6==?A BA ;A8DC A; x A; y :AC E667B6==?AC

>67<W6=;4:AC BSACD4EA+
0S?;4H:<CCA8A=; BAC ?@94;<6=C I*+ O 54<; :S6HXA; BS9= E>4D<;7A 9:;?7<A97 IG6<7
">4D<;7A YO+ /<A= @9S?;9B<?A BAD9<C :6=V;A8DCN :4 7?C6:9;<6= BAC ?@94;<6=C 7AC;A
A=E67A E68D:AZA+ )= A[A;N EAC ?@94;<6=C =S4B8A;;4=; D4C BA C6:9;<6= 4=4:F;<@9A
I>678<C D697 BAC E4C C<8D:AC A;\69 A= 54<C4=; 4DDA: ] BAC >FD6;>^CAC C<8D:<Q
_E4;7<EACON <: AC; =?EACC4<7A BS4DD76E>A7 EAC C6:9;<6=C D47 :A H<4<C BA 8?;>6BAC
=98?7<@9AC+ .A =68H7A9Z 69;<:C BA 86B?:<C4;<6= BAC ?E69:A8A=;C AZ<C;A=; 49Q
X697BS>9<N E>4E9= 54<C4=; 4DDA: ] BAC 8?;>6BAC BA 7?C6:9;<6= B<[?7A=;AC+ %:9Q
C<A97C BA EAC 69;<:C C6=; D7?CA=;?C B4=C EA E>4D<;7A+
%:9C<A97C E7<;^7AC DA78A;;A=; BA E>6<C<7 A=;7A :AC B<[?7A=;C 69;<:C BA 86B?:<C4Q
;<6= AZ<C;4=;C J`!M T :AC HAC6<=C A= 84<= BS6A9G7A D697 E7?A7 :A 86B^:AN :4 G<;ACCA
BA E4:E9:N :4 D7?E<C<6= BAC 7?C9:;4;C C69>4<;?AN :AC HAC6<=C A= B6==?AC BSA=;7?AN :4
76H9C;ACCA BAC 8?;>6BAC =98?7<@9AC A8D:6F?AC+++ 0S4=4:FCA BAC ;FDAC BA E6BAC
BA E4:E9: 9;<:<C?C A= 56=E;<6= BAC 6HXAE;<5C G<C?C 4 ?V4:A8A=; ?;? D7?CA=;?A D47
J`!M+ 0AC E6BAC BA E4:E9: ] 9C4VA E688A7E<4: D7<G<:?V<A=; V?=?74:A8A=; :4 74D<Q
B<;? BA E4:E9: 49 B?;7<8A=; BA :4 D7?E<C<6= a ] :S<=GA7CA BS9= V74=B =68H7A BA
E6BAC BA E4:E9: B?GA:6DD?C =6;488A=; D47 BAC 67V4=<C8AC BA 7AE>A7E>A+ -= BAC
6HXAE;<5C BA EA;;A ;>^CA ?;4=; BA D76D6CA7 9= :6V<E<A: BA 86B?:<C4;<6= BAC ?E69:AQ
8A=;C 9;<:<C4H:A ] BAC _=C E688A7E<4:AC IA; =6;488A=; D47 BAC H97A9Z BS?;9BAON
:4 D7?CA=;4;<6= BAC 69;<:C BA ;FDA E688A7E<4: CA74 D7<G<:?V<?A+ 0S4EEA=; CA74 8<C
C97 :4 8?;>6B6:6V<A BA E4:E9: A; :4 _4H<:<;? BAC 8?;>6BAC =98?7<@9AC A8D:6F?AC+
04 :<C;A BAC :6V<E<A:C B?E7<;C =SAC; D4C AZ>49C;<GA+ 04 D:9D47; BAC :6V<E<A:C
D7?CA=;?C 4F4=; ?;? B?GA:6DD?C <: F 4 9=A B<W4<=A BS4==?AC I49 8<=<898ON :AC
8?;>6BAC BA 7?C6:9;<6= =A =?EACC<;4=; @9S9=A 54<H:A D9<CC4=EA BA E4:E9: ?;4<A=;
D7<G<:?V<?AC+ 0S?G6:9;<6= BAC 69;<:C <=56784;<@9AC DA78A; 49X697BS>9< :S9C4VA BS9=
D:9C V74=B =68H7A BA 8?;>6BAC+ "A7;4<=AC 8?;>6BAC BA 7?C6:9;<6= BAC ?@94;<6=C
CA76=; B6=E <=;76B9<;AC A= E68D:?8A=;N <=B?DA=B488A=; BA EA::AC D7?CA=;?AC
4GAE :AC :6V<E<A:C BA E4:E9:+
! ! "#$%& $% "'(")( *$ **
! "#$%& $% '()'*) +,
(+, -./+, 012/23+1,2.11+4, 5.16 4789:.68;,+ /701+ <=:><6262.1 /+, ?26+,,+,
8.3.@;1+ ,0< 4> ,+-62.1 /7=-.04+3+16! "+66+ 89:.68;,+ :+06 ,7>::42A0+< 4.<,A0+
47=-.04+3+16 +,6 5>2B4+3+16 /2?+<@+16! "7+,6 :><62-042;<+3+16 4+ ->, :.0< 4+,
=-.04+3+16, +1 <2?2;<+ <+4>62?+3+16 <+-6242@1+! C.06+5.2,D 4789:.68;,+ +,6 -.0E
<>33+16 +F6<>:.4=+ >0F <2?2;<+, ,210+0,+,D =?+160+44+3+16 ,=:><=+, +1 :40,2+0<,
426, +6 >0F <2?2;<+, +1 :=<2./+ /+ -<0+!
! !" #$%& ""

(+ 4.@2-2+4 G2H+ ** I**J /=?+4.::= :>< 4+ $>12,8 K9/<>042- L1,62606+ M$KLN
:<.:.,+ 4> 3./=42,>62.1 012/23+1,2.11+44+ /+, =-.04+3+16, O ,0<5>-+ 42B<+! L4 +,6
>0P.0</7802 4><@+3+16 +3:4.9= :.0< 4> ,2304>62.1 /+, =-.04+3+16, +1 <2?2;<+!
"+ 4.@2-2+4 :+<3+6 =@>4+3+16 4> 3./=42,>62.1 /701 @<>1/ 1.3B<+ /+ :8=1.3;1+,
MA0>426= /+ 47+>0D 6<>1,:.<6 /+ ,=/23+16,!!!N +1 -.3:4=3+16 /+ 4> <=,.4062.1 /+,
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
=A0>62.1, /+ &>216EQ+1>16! (+, =A0>62.1, <=,.40+, +6 4> 3=68./+ /+ ->4-04 ,.16

:<=,+16=+, />1, I**J!
(+ 4.@2-2+4 <=,.06 4+, =A0>62.1, /+ -.1,+<?>62.1 /+ 4> 3>,,+ +6 /+ 4> A0>1626=
/+ 3.0?+3+16 M+1 1=@42@+>16 />1, 01 :<+32+< 6+3:, 4+ /=B26 /7=-8>1@+ 4>6=<>4
+6 4+, 5<.66+3+16,N R
∂ (ρhb) ∂ (ρhbV )
+ =0 M ! >N
∂t ∂x

1
ρgbh2
′
∂ β ρhbV 2 ∂
∂ (ρhbV ) 2 ∂zb
+ =− − ρgbh M ! BN
∂t ∂x ∂x ∂x
.S ρ <+:<=,+16+ 4> 3>,,+ ?.4032A0+D b 4> 4><@+0< >0 32<.2<D V 4> ?26+,,+ /+
47=-.04+3+16D β ′ 4+ -.+T-2+16 /+ <=:><6262.1 /+ 4> ?26+,,+ M?.2< U2@0<+ !*N!
"+, =A0>62.1, ,.16 =6>B42+, ,0< 4> B>,+ /+, 89:.68;,+, ,02?>16+, R
V K9:! *!* R 4> 3>,,+ ?.4032A0+ /+ 47+>0 +,6 -.1,6>16+ M47+>0 +,6 -.1,2/=<=+
-.33+ 01 W02/+ 8.3.@;1+ +6 21-.3:<+,,2B4+ND
V K9:! *! R 4> :+16+ /0 5.1/ +,6 5>2B4+D
V K9:! *!X R 47>--=4=<>62.1 ?+<62->4+ :+06 Y6<+ 1=@42@=+D
V K9:! *!Z R 47=-.04+3+16 +,6 +1 <=@23+ W0?2>4!
(+, =A0>62.1, M ! N ,.16 /2?2,=+, :>< 4> 3>,,+ ?.4032A0+ [ 01 6+<3+ /+ 5<.66+3+16
+6 /7>::.<6 4>6=<>4 ,.16 <+,:+-62?+3+16 >P.06=, O M ! BN +6 M ! >N R
∂S ∂Q
+ = ql M !X>N
∂t ∂x
2

′ Q
∂ β
∂Q S ∂z Q |Q|
+ = −gS −g 2 M !XBN
∂t ∂x ∂x C SRh
.S S <+:<=,+16+ 4> ,+-62.1 +1 6<>?+<, /+ 47=-.04+3+16D Q 4+ /=B26D ql 4+ /=B26
/7>::.<6 4>6=<>4D z 4> -.6+ /+ 4> ,0<5>-+ 42B<+D C 4+ -.+T-2+16 /+ "8=\9 +6 Rh 4+
b
S
h V
x
zb
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
Qn+1 n
i+1 + Qi+1 Qn+1 n
i−1 + Qi−1
∂Q −
≈ 2 2
∂x ∆2xi
∂S ∂h Ao,i + Ao,i+1 hn+1

i − hni
=b ≈
∂t ∂t ∆2xj ∆t
Qni hni
i n ∆2xi
i−1 i+1 i
! ! "#$%& $% "'(")( *$ *+
t n+1 n+1 n+1

Q i-1 hi Q i+1
tn+1
∂h
∂Q
∂t ∆t
∂x
n n n
n
Q i-1 hi Q i+1
t
i-1 i i+1 x
∆2xi
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!"#$% ! , &-./01 23 01455167 893: 51 24;-:/<4;1<49= 27 5>/?31<49= 27 -9=;7:@

A1<49= 27 51 01;;7 21=; B4C7 **
t hi
n+1
Q
n+1
h i+2
n+1
i+1
tn+1
∂Q
∂ β'Q2
∂x S ( ) ∂t
∆t
n n
n
h ni Q i+1
h i+2
t
i i+1 i+2 x
∆2xi
!"#$% !+ , &-./01 23 01455167 893: 51 24;-:/<4;1<49= 27 5>/?31<49= 27 -9=;7:@

A1<49= 27 51 01;;7 21=; B4C7 **
! "#$%&'() *+ ,'-.) /&/0&12($%#&3-)
t hi
n+1
Q
n+1 n+1
h i+2
i+1
tn+1
∂Q
∂ β'Q2
∂x S ( ) ∂t
∆t
n n
n
h ni Q i+1
h i+2
t
i i+1 i+2 x
∆2xi
!"#$% *+! 4 56789: ;< 9:=>>:?@ AB<C >: ;=D6C8E=D:E=BF ;@ >G8H<:E=BF ;@ 6BFD@CI
J:E=BF ;@ >: H<:FE=E8 ;@ 9B<J@9@FE ;:FD K=L@
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
i + 2MN ∆t >@ A:D ;@ E@9AD ;@ ;=D6C8E=D:E=BF @E A0,i >: D<CO:6@ @F A>:F @FEC@ >@D
AB=FED ;@ 6:>6<> i − 1 @E i+ 0: 98E7B;@ ;@ 6:>6<> @9A>BP8@ AB<C 6:>6<>@C 6@EE@
D<CO:6@ FG@DE A:D @QA>=6=E8@ ;:FD >@ 9:F<@> ;@ C8O8C@F6@ ;@ K=L@ R S+
! !"! #$%&'()$%*)$+, -. /0(12*)$+, -. &+,%.'3*)$+, -. /* 12*,)$)(

-. 4+23.4.,)
0@D E@C9@D ;@ >G8H<:E=BF ;@ 6BFD@CJ:E=BF ;@ >: H<:FE=E8 ;@ 9B<J@9@FE T*+UVM
DBFE ;=D6C8E=D8D ;@ >: 9:F=WC@ D<=J:FE@ TJB=C X=?<C@ *+!M Y
∂Q Qn+1 − Qni+1
≈ i+1 T*+Z:M
∂t ∆t
2 n+1/2 2 n+1/2

2 ′ Q ′ Q

′Q β − β
∂ β
S S i+2 S i
≈ T*+ZVM
∂x ∆2xi
n+1 n
zi+2 + zi+2 zin+1 + zin
∂z −
≈ 2 2 T*+Z6M
∂x ∆2xi
.:FD 6@EE@ ;=D6C8E=D:E=BFN >@D AB=FED ;@ 6:>6<> i @E i + 2 DBFE ;@D AB=FED ;@
6:>6<> ;@ >: 7:<E@<C ;G@:< @E >@ ;8V=E FGP @DE A:C 6BFD8H<@FE A:D @QA>=6=E@9@FE
6BFF<+ 0@ >B?=6=@> 6:>6<>@ >@ ;8V=E ;@ >: 9:F=WC@ D<=J:FE@ Y
Q2 ≈ ΘQn+1 n n n
i+1 Qi+1 − (1 − Θ) Qi+1 Qi+1 T*+[M
∂Q
Θ 8E:FE A:C ;8O:<E \Q8 ] + "@EE@ ;=D6C8E=D:E=BF C@J=@FE ] F8?>=?@C >: ;8C=J8@ ^
∂x
>G8H<:E=BF ;@ 6BFD@CJ:E=BF ;@ >: H<:FE=E8 ;@ 9B<J@9@FE @DE A:C 6BFD8H<@FE ;=OI
O8C@FE@ ;@ 6@>>@ =F=E=:>@9@FE 6BFD=;8C8@ T*+UVM+ "@EE@ ;8C=J8@ FG8E:=E =F=E=:>@9@FE
! ! "#$%& $% "'(")( *$ *+
,-. /0123104 5-/. 24 .6708- 59'::;<< = >;/4.6?@ 8-3. 4.<3804 A ,-B<3B 54 290C?-=
∂Q ∂S
<3;/ 54 6;/.4BD-<3;/ 54 2- 8-..4 E !F-G C?3 B4234 A ! (- 6;8,-B-3.;/ 54.
∂x ∂t
6020B3<0. 59;/54. 3..?4. 54 2- H;B8?2-<3;/ 0C?3D-24/<4 E6;BB4.,;/5-/< -?I 0C?-=
<3;/. 53.6B0<3.04.G -D46 24. 6020B3<0. 59;/54. <70;B3C?4. ,4B84< 54 6;/HB;/<4B 24
6;8,;B<484/< 54. .;2?<3;/. ;:<4/?4. -D46 J3K4 ** -? 6;8,;B<484/< -/-2L=
<3C?4! $-/. 2- 84.?B4 ;M ;/ .93/<0B4..4 A 2- ,-B<34 6;/.4BD-<3D4 54. 0C?-<3;/.@
24. <4B84. 59-,,;B< 2-<0B-2 4< 54 HB;<<484/< .?B 24 H;/5 ,4?D4/< N<B4 /012310.
,;?B 06B3B4 24 .L.<O84 0C?3D-24/< A 642?3 53.6B0<3.0 P
∂S ∂Q


 + =0
 ∂t ∂x


′
!
∂
β E !QG
S

∂Q ∂z

2

+Q = −gS


∂t ∂x ∂x
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
"4<<4 H;B8?2-<3;/ ,4B84< 54 6-26?24B 2- 8-<B364 R-6;:34//4 A 4< 2- 6020B3<0 54.

;/54. P

0 1
A= ′ E !SG
c2 − β u2 0
p
λ− = −pc2 − β ′ u2
E !TG
λ+ = + c2 − β ′ u2
;M λ− 4< λ+ B4,B0.4/<4/< 24. 6020B3<0. 59;/54.@ u 2- D3<4..4

√ 8;L4//4 54 2906;?=
2484/< 4< c 2- 6020B3<0 54. ;/54. 54 ,B4..3;/ E c = ghG! (4. 0C?-<3;/. E !TG
53UOB4/< 54. 6020B3<0. 59;/54. <70;B3C?4. P
′ p
λ− = β u − pc2 − u2 (β ′ − β ′ 2 )
′ E !*VG
λ+ = β u + c2 − u2 (β ′ − β ′ 2 )
(4 <B-60 54. 6020B3<0. 59;/54. E !TG 4< E !*VG 53D3.04. ,-B 2- 6020B3<0 54. ;/54.
54 ,B4..3;/ 4.< ,B0.4/<0 A 2- W1?B4 !+ E,;?B β = 1G! (97L,;<7O.4 XL,! *!Y
′
59?/ 06;?2484/< ?/3C?484/< Z?D3-2 ,4B84< 54 1-B-/<3B C?4 24. 6020B3<0. 59;/54.
B4.<4/< 50W/34. ,?3.C?4 2- 6020B3<0 54. ;/54. 54 ,B4..3;/ B4.<4 .?,0B34?B4 A 2-
D3<4..4 54 2906;?2484/<! $-/. 24 6-. 59?/ B01384 <;BB4/<342@ 2- D3<4..4 54 ,B;,-=
1-<3;/ 54. ;/54. /94.< ,2?. 6-26?2-:24 A ,-B<3B 54 2- H;B8?2-<3;/ E !TG ,?3.C?4
c2 − β u2 < 0! %/ B01384 Z?D3-2@ 24. ;/54. 6-26?204. ,-B 24 2;136342 .4 ,B;,-14/<
′
5-/. ?/4 53B46<3;/ ;,,;.04 8-3. A 2- 8N84 D3<4..4! %/ B0-23<0@ 64 ,70/;8O/4

/9-,,-B-[< C?4 2;B.C?4 2- D3<4..4 54 2906;?2484/< 4.< /?224 E u = 0G! \;?B 54.
06;?2484/<. Z?D3-?I ;M 2- D3<4..4 5906;?2484/< 4.< .4/.3:2484/< ,B;674 54 2-
6020B3<0 54. ;/54. 54 ,B4..3;/@ 29-,,B;I38-<3;/ B0-23.04 4/<B-[/4 ?/4 4.<38-<3;/
3/6;BB46<4 5? 6;8,;B<484/< 7L5B-?23C?4 54 2906;?2484/<!
! "#$%&'() *+ ,'-.) /&/0&12($%#&3-)
2
2
1
1
λ/c
0
λ/c
0
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
-1
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
-1
-2
-2 Nombre de Froude
Nombre de Froude
!" #$%&'(!)*$+ ,$'% (- %./*&- 0'1*!( 2" #$%&'(!)*$+ ,!% 3.4!') ,$'% (- %./*&- )$%5
%-+)*-(
1
λ- analytique
λ+ analytique
λ- Mike 11
λ/c
0
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
λ+ Mike 11
-1
-2
Nombre de Froude
!" #$%&'()*+$, )(*-%,)*+.- /$'% (- %01+&- *$%2

%-,*+-(
!"#$% !" # $%&'()*&+ ,- '. /0'01*)0 ,-2 &+,-2 -+ 3&+/)*&+ ,( +&451- ,-

61&(,- 7 /&48.1.*2&+ ,( /&48&1)-4-+) )90&1*:(- -) ,- /-'(* ,- ;*<- ==
! ! "#$%& $% "'(")( *$ *+
! !"!# $%&'()*)+( ,)- .&- )+ %/0'*) (1%%)+(')2

$, -./0 123 45,.0/673 8673/149423: ;2 ;6</8/2; 72 =2,0 09./029 ;23 8.3 27 94</>2
89/0/5,2 20 0699270/2; 12 ;. >?>2 >.7/@92 5,2 82,A 27 94</>2 B,C/.;! &/ ;D486,E
;2>270 >614;/34 =2,0 =.3329 27 94</>2 0699270/2;: ;D,0/;/3.02,9 16/0 .80/C29 ,72
6=0/67 =6,9 =29>20092 ., 8.;8,; 12 32 -./92! F,.71 ;D6=0/67 230 .80/C42: ;D45,.E
0/67 12 867329C.0/67 12 ;. 5,.70/04 12 >6,C2>270 230 >61/G42 =6,9 =6,C6/9
09./029 ;D2732>H;2 123 8.3 9278670943 I
′
β
∂
∂Q S ∂z Q |Q|
+ f Q2 = −gS −g 2 J !**K
∂t ∂x ∂x C SRh
6L ;2 029>2 f 92=9432702 ,72 -6780/67 14=271.70 1, 76>H92 12 M96,12 Fr! (.

84;49/04 123 67123 3D489/0 .;693 J=6,9 β = 1K I
′
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
p
λ = ± c2 − f u2 J !* K
(. -6780/67 f =2,0 ?092 14G7/2 12 12,A >.7/@923 1/N4927023 32;67 ;2 8O6/A 12

;D,0/;/3.02,9 JC6/9 P.H;2., !*K I
31%*42&('1+ 5&% ,/6&4( 31%*42&('1+


&2()%+&('7)
1 pour Fr ≤ a
1 − Fr2

pour Fr ≤ 1 1
f= f=
0 pour Fr > 1  b
pour Fr > a
(Fr + 1 − a)
=.9 14-.,0 I a = 1 20 b = 2
!"#$!% !* Q $4G7/0/67 12 ;. -6780/67 f (Fr) =6,9 R/S2 **
F,2;;2 5,2 36/0 ;. -69>,;.0/67 8O6/3/2: ;. -6780/67 f 230 8670/7,2 3,9 ;D27E
32>H;2 1, 16>./72 12 14G7/0/67 1, 76>H92 12 M96,12 =6,9 2>=?8O29 06,02
C.9/.0/67 H9,0.;2 1, 86>=6902>270 1, 38O4>. 7,>49/5,2!
31%*42&('1+ 5&% ,/6&4(! "2002 -69>,;.0/67 230 T ;D69/</72 1D,7 86>=6902E

>270 OU19.,;/5,2 299674! %7 94</>2 0699270/2; J Fr > 1K: ;23 84;49/043 1D6712
8.;8,;423 =.9 R/S2 ** 12C/277270 λ = ±c! (23 67123 8.;8,;423 32 =96=.<270 1678
T ;. >?>2 C/02332 1.73 ;23 12,A 1/9280/673 6==63423 86709./92>270 ., 86>=6902E
>270 OU19.,;/5,2 0O469/5,2 6L ;D2732>H;2 123 67123 32 =96=.<270 C293 ;D.C.;! %7
94</>2 B,C/.;: 67 >67092 5,2
√
;23 84;49/043 8.;8,;423 =.9 ;2 ;6</8/2; 3670 >.A/>.;23
=6,9 Fr = 0 20 =6,9 Fr = 2/2 V 82;. />=;/5,2 5,2 ;23 67123 32 =96=.<270 27092 1
20 3/4 -6/3 ;. C/02332 12 =96=.<.0/67 123 67123 12 =9233/673 c! (2 86>=6902>270

p
1D,7 =6/70 89/0/5,2 JFr = 1K: =6,9 ;25,2; ,72 123 12,A 67123 92302 />>6H/;2:
230 />=633/H;2 T 3/>,;29 1.73 ;. >23,92 6L ;. 84;49/04 123 67123 8.;8,;423 =.9 ;2
;6</8/2; 72 =2,0 W.>./3 ?092 7,;;2!
! "#$%&'() *+ ,'-.) /&/0&12($%#&3-)
!"#$%&'(!) &%'*")&'(+*, -45 6789:;<=>74 <;=584<=>?5 @5895= A ;B:=>;>C<=5:8

D5 9>5:E F74=8G;58 ;< 674F=>74 D5 =8<4C>=>74 f + 05 F<;<H5 D5C @<8<9I=85C a 5= b 5C=
;<>CCJ A ;B<@@8JF><=>74 D5 ;B:=>;>C<=5:8 K =7:=567>CL ;< C=<M>;>=J D: CFNJ9< 4:9J8>O:5
>9@7C5 a < 1 5= b > 2+ )4 5P5=L @7:8 @7:?7>8 :=>;>C58 ;5 CFNJ9< DB$MM7==Q&745CF:
>; F74?>54= D5 F74C58?58 ;5 F<8<F=I85 NR@58M7;>O:5 D: CRC=I95 SF5 O:> 85?>54= A
<?7>8 λ /c2 ≥ 0L FB5C= A D>85 1 − f Fr2 ≥ 0T+ 3:5; O:5 C7>= ;5 U5: D5 @<8<9I=85C
2
:=>;>CJL ;5C FJ;J8>=JC DB74D5C 85C=54= 7@@7CJ5C K ;5C 74D5C C5 @87@<H54= D74F A ;<
9V95 ?>=5CC5 5= D<4C D5:E D>85F=>74C 7@@7CJ5C+ 05 F79@78=5954= NRD8<:;>O:5
C>9:;J 5C= D74F 58874JL =<4= 54 8JH>95 W:?><; O:B54 8JH>95 =78854=>5;+ 0B7M=54=>74
DB:4 @7>4= F8>=>O:5 5C= JH<;5954= >9@7CC>M;5 <?5F F5==5 6789:;<=>74+
! ! "#$%&'(
05 ;7H>F>5; #)"Q($X 5C= :4 F7D5 D5 F<;F:; :4>D>954C>7445; DJ?5;7@@J @<8
;B-X $89R "78@C 76 )4H>4558C+ )4 F79@;J954= D5C F<;F:;C D5 ;>H45 DB5<: 54
8JH>95 @589<454= 7: =8<4C>=7>85L F5 ;7H>F>5; @5895= D5 97DJ;>C58 ;5C @NJ479I45C
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
D5 =8<4C@78= D5 CJD>954=C 7: D5 @7;;:<4=C+ .5:E 9J=N7D5C D5 F<;F:; D>PJ854=5C

C74= :=>;>CJ5C @7:8 ;5 8JH>95 @589<454= 5= ;5 8JH>95 =8<4C>=7>85+ 05C JO:<=>74C
9>C5C 54 U5: 5= ;< 9J=N7D7;7H>5 D5 8JC7;:=>74 C74= @8JC54=J5C D<4C YZ[\+
0< 97DJ;>C<=>74 D5C JF7:;5954=C 54 8JH>95 =8<4C>=7>85 C5 M<C5 C:8 ;5C JO:<Q
=>74C D5 F74C58?<=>74 D5 ;< 9<CC5 5= D5 ;< O:<4=>=J D5 97:?5954=+ 0BJF7:;5954=
5C= CJ@<8J 54=85 ;>= 9>45:8 S;5C ?<8><M;5C C74= 47=J5C <?5F ;B>4D>F5 M C @7:8 ]^<>4
"N<445;]T 5= ;>= 9<U5:8 S;5C ?<8><M;5C C74= 47=J5C <?5F ;B>4D>F5 F P @7:8 ]_;77D
%;<>4]T K C:8 FN<O:5 C7:CQ@<8=>5 D5 ;BJF7:;5954=L ;BJO:<=>74 D5 F74C58?<=>74 D5
;< 9<CC5 5C= J=<M;>5 `
∂SM C ∂QM C
+ = ql,F P S*+ a<T
∂t ∂xM C
∂SF P ∂QF P ∂St
+ + = ql,M C + ql S*+ aMT
∂t ∂xF P ∂t
7b ql,(F P, M C, ∅) 85@8JC54=54= 85C@5F=>?5954= ;5 DJM>= :4>=<>85 DBJFN<4H5 D5@:>C
;5 ;>= 9<U5:8 ?58C ;5 ;>= 9>45:8L D5@:>C ;5 ;>= 9>45:8 ?58C ;5 ;>= 9<U5:8 5= 54=8<4=
D<4C ;< C5F=>74+ St 5C= ;5 ?7;:95 :4>=<>85 DB5<: F74=54: D<4C ;< C5F=>74 9<>C 45
@<8=>F>@<4= @<C <:E JF7:;5954=C+ 05C JO:<=>74C D5 F74C58?<=>74 D5 ;< O:<4=>=J
D5 97:?5954= C:8 FN<O:5 C7:C @<8=>5 CBJF8>?54= `

∂QM C ∂ (VM C QM C ) ∂z
+ = Ml,F P −gSM C + Sf,M C + Sh,M C S*+ c<T
∂t ∂xM C ∂xM C

∂QF P ∂ (VF P QF P ) ∂z
+ = Ml,M C − gSF P + Sf,F P + Sh,F P S*+ cMT
∂t ∂xF P ∂xF P
7b Ml,(F P, M C) 85@8JC54=54= 85C@5F=>?5954= ;5 W:E :4>=<>85 D5 O:<4=>=J D5 97:Q
?5954= DBJFN<4H5 ;<=J8<; D5@:>C ;5 ;>= 9<U5:8 ?58C ;5 ;>= 9>45:8 5= D5@:>C ;5 ;>=
9>45:8 ?58C ;5 ;>= 9<U5:8 5= Sh,(F P, M C) ;< @54=5 D5C @58=5C D5 FN<8H5 C>4H:;>I85C
;>J5C <:E 7MC=<F;5C 85C@5F=>?5954= @7:8 ;5 ;>= 9<U5:8 5= ;5 ;>= 9>45:8+ 05C JO:<Q
=>74C S*+ cT C74= J=<M;>5C 54 6<>C<4= ;BNR@7=NIC5 O:5 ;< F7=5 D5 ;< C:86<F5 ;>M85 z
! ! "#$%& $% "'(")( *$ *+
,-. /0 121, -34 .53., /0 -,6.758 9:;653/,1,8.! (,- ;<30.758- -34 /, /7. 178,34 ,.
-34 /, /7. 10=,34 -58. ,8-37., -511;,- >534 ;.0?/74 /0 658-,4@0.758 9, /0 10--,
,. 9, /0 <308.7.; 9, 153@,1,8. -34 /:,8-,1?/, 9, /0 -,6.758 ,8 .40@,4- A
∂SEQ ∂Q ∂St ∂xF P ∂xF P



 + + = ql
∂t ∂x ′ ∂t ∂x ∂x B !*CD
∂QEQ ∂ (β uQ) ′ ∂ (ul ql ) ∂z

 + =ξ − gS + Sf,EQ + Sh,EQ
∂t ∂x ∂x ∂x
5E
∂xM C ∂xF P
SEQ = SM C + SF P B !*FD
∂x ∂x
Q = QM C + QF P B !*GD
∂xM C ∂xF P
QEQ = QM C + QF P B !*HD
∂x ∂x
′
B !*+D
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
β uQ = VM C QM C + VF P QF P
S = SM C + SF P B ! ID
∂xM C ∂xF P
Sf,EQ = Sf,M C + Sf,F P B ! *D
∂x ∂x
∂xM C ∂xF P
Sh,EQ = Sh,M C + Sh,F P B ! D
∂x ∂x
5E x 4,>4;-,8., /:0?-67--, 634@7/7J8, 651138, K /:;653/,1,8. ,8 /7. 178,34 ,.
,8 /7. 10=,34 ,. ,-. 60/63/; K >04.74 9, xM C ,. xF P ,. 5E /,- .,41,- ql,F P L
ql,M C L Ml,F P ,. Ml,M C 58. ;.; -3>>471;- 908- /0 1,-34, 5E 7/- -:0883/,8.
∂xF P ∂xM C ∂xF P ∂xM C
9,3M K 9,3M Bql,M C = −ql,F P ,. Ml,M C = −Ml,F P D!
∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x
∂ (ul ql )
)8 .,41, 9:0>>54. /0.;40/ 9, <308.7.; 9, 153@,1,8. ξ ′ 0 ;J0/,1,8.
∂x
;.; 0=53.; >534 >4,894, ,8 651>., /,- ;6N08J,- 9, <308.7.; 9, 153@,1,8. 03
87@,03 9,- 658O3,86,- ,. 9,- 9;O3,86,-!
(, -6N;10 9, P4,7--1088 BQC*RL QCIR ,. QS+RD ,-. 3.7/7-; >534 4;-5394, 6,-
;<30.758-! ", -6N;10 71>/767., 0 ;.; 658T3 9, 1087U4, K 658-,4@,4 /, 60406.U4,
658-,4@0.7V 9,- ;<30.758-! (0 4,>4;-,8.0.758 9, /:,-.710.758 9,- 9;47@;,- >04W
.7,//,- 908- /:,->06, 9,- >N0-,- ,-. >4;-,8.;, K /0 XJ34, !F! (:,M>4,--758 >534
6,- 9;47@;,- ,-. A
∂U Uin+1 − Uin U n+1 − Ui+1

n
≈ (1 − ψ) + ψ i+1 B ! Y0D
∂t ∆t ∆t
n+1
∂U n
Ui+1 − Uin Ui+1 − Uin+1
≈ (1 − θ) +θ B ! Y?D
∂x ∆x ∆x
(, -Z-.U1, 9:;<30.758- B !*CD ;.08. 858 /78;074,L -0 4;-5/3.758 8;6,--7.,407. 9,-
.,1>- 9, 60/63/ 4,/0.7@,1,8. 71>54.08.- ,. 9,- >45?/U1,- 9, 658@,4J,86, >534W
407,8. 0>>040[.4, ,8 60- 9, -5/3.758- 97-658.783,- B6N56L 4,--03. NZ9403/7<3,L
! "#$%&'() * +',-) .&./&01($%#&2,)
ψ∆x (1-ψ)∆x
t t n+1
∂U
n+1 U n+1 U n+1
U U n+1 tn+1 i ∂x i+1
tn+1 i i+1
(1-θ)∆t
∂U ∂U ∂U ∆t ∂U
∂t i ∂t ∂t i+1 ∂x
n n θ∆t
U U ∂U
n
tn i i+1
U ni U ni+1
tn ∂x
x
i i+1 x
∆x i i+1
!" #$%&'%() *) +! *%,'$-.%,!.%/& .)0(/$)++) 1" #$%&'%() *) +! *%,'$-.%,!.%/& ,(!.%!+)
!"#$% *3 4 %567869: ;< =8>?@A ;: %5:6==@A77 <B6C6=? ;A7= #)"D($E
:B8*F* /A C67?A56B? :=B GHB:7<: :7 A99C6I<A7B CA B:8>76I<: ;?J:CG99?: 9A5 %5:6==D

@A77 K5A99G5B?: 9A5 /6LL:BB :B "<7L: MNOPF :B ">:7 MQP* /: 8AC8<C ;: CA C6L7:
;R:A< =<5 <7 H6:S 5:J6:7B ACG5= T 5?=G<;5: <7 =U=BV@: ;: CA SG5@: Ax = B*
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
/:= 8G7;6B6G7= A<W C6@6B:= 9:5@:BB:7B ;RGHB:765 C: @X@: 7G@H5: ;R?I<AB6G7=

I<: ;: JA56AHC:=* /: =8>?@A ;: %5:6==@A77Y <B6C6=? 9G<5 CA 5?=GC<B6G7 7<@?D
56I<:= ;:= ?I<AB6G7=Y :=B 8G77< 9G<5 SG<5765 <7: =GC<B6G7 678G55:8B: ;A7= C: 8A=
;R<7 ?8G<C:@:7B B5A7=856B6I<: MNZP* ,7: J:5=6G7 9G<5 C:= 5?L6@:= ;R?8G<C:@:7B
B5A7=856B6I<:= A ?B? 95G9G=?: MO[P @A6= 7R:=B A 956G56 9A= 6@9C?@:7B?: 9<6=I<:
C: @A7<:C ;: 5?S?5:78: ;: #)"D($E 7R:7 SA6B 9A= ?BAB* /: 9A==AL: :7 5?L6@:
BG55:7B6:C 9:<B XB5: T CRG56L67: ;RG=86CCAB6G7= 7<@?56I<:= I<6 B:7;:7B T =RA@9C6D
\:5 =A7= 9G<5 A<BA7B 8A<=:5 <7 A55XB ;< 95GL5A@@:* /: @A7<:C <B6C6=AB:<5 ;<
CGL686:C #)"D($E M3QP 67;6I<: I<: =6 CR?8G<C:@:7B 9:G;GCGL6: ACB:57AB6J:* /A B:8>76I<: :@9CGU?: ACG5=
:=B CA ]/G8AC %A5B6AC &7:5B6A] ;?J:CG99?: 9A5 ^5:A; :B AC* M !P* ":BB: @?B>G;GCGD
L6: 8G7=6=B: T 5?;<65: CR67_<:78: ;:= B:5@:= 67:5B6:C= ;A7= CR?I<AB6G7 ;: I<A7B6B?
;: @G<J:@:7B `
′ 2 
βQ

 ∂Q ∂

S  = −gS ∂z + Sf,x K * NF

f ∂t +
∂x  ∂x
/A SG78B6G7 ;: B5A7=6B6G7 f ?BA7B ;?\76: 9A5 `

(
FT − Frm 9G<5 Fr ≤ FT
f= K * ZF
0 9G<5 Fr > FT
Ga m :=B <7 :7B6:5 ;G7B CR<B6C6=AB:<5 9:<B @G;6\:5 CA JAC:<5 :7B5: b :B b Q KCA
JAC:<5 9A5 ;?SA<B :=B ;: b!F :B FT :=B CA JAC:<5 =:<6C 9G<5 CAI<:CC: CA B5A7=6B6G7
:7B5: C:= SG5@<CAB6G7= =R:c:8B<:* /A @G;6\8AB6G7 ;: CR?I<AB6G7 ;: 8G7=:5JAB6G7 ;:
CA I<A7B6B? ;: @G<J:@:7B =: 5?9:58<B: =<5 C: 8AC8<C ;: CA @AB568: dA8GH6:77: A
;< =U=BV@: >U9:5HGC6I<: K *bZF :B =<5 CR:=B6@AB6G7 ;: CA J6B:==: ;: 95G9ALAB6G7
! ! "#$%& $% "'(")( *$ *
λ+ analytique 3
λ- analytique
λ+ HEC-Ras
λ- HEC-Ras 2
1
λ/c
0
-2 -1 0 1 2
-1
-2
-3
Nombre de Froude
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!"#$% !+ , -./0123/4 56 07 8909:329 56; /456; 64 </4823/4 51 4/=>:6 56

?:/156 @ 8/=A7:73;/4 51 8/=A/:26=642 2B9/:3C16 62 56 86013 56 D%"EF'&
56; /456; 574; 0G98/106=642! (G6HA:6;;3/4 56 A 62 56; 8909:329; 5G/456; A/1:

β = 1 6;2 5/4496 A7: I
′
 
0 1
A =  c2  J ! KL
− u2 2u
f
 c
 λ− = u − √

f J ! +L
c
 λ+ = u + √

f
M0 8/4.3642 56 4/26: C16 06 870810 56 07 =72:386 N78/>36446 4G7 A01; 56 ;64; 0/:;C16
f = 0 87: 06 ;O;2P=6 5G9C1723/4; 4G6;2 A01; BOA6:>/03C16 C1745 0G9C1723/4 56
8/4;6:.723/4 56 07 C1742329 56 =/1.6=642 6;2 :6=A07896 A7: 0G9C1723/4 56 0G/456
53Q1;3.6! (G9./0123/4 51 :723/ 642:6 07 8909:329 56; /456; 62 86006 56; /456; 56
A:6;;3/4 64 </4823/4 51 4/=>:6 56 ?:/156 7 929 2:7896 ;1: 07 RS1:6 !+!
$1 <732 56 07 59R4323/4 56 07 </4823/4 56 2:74;323/4 f T 07 </:=10723/4 75/AE
296 A7: D%"EF'& 6;2 356423C16 U 07 </:=10723/4 807;;3C16 A/1: 14 98/106=642
3==/>306 JFr = 0L! V01; 06 :9S3=6 5G98/106=642 ;6 :7AA:/8B6 51 :9S3=6 8:323C16
JFr = 1L 62 A01; 06 8/=A/:26=642 598:32 A7: 07 </:=10723/4 D%"EF'& ;G987:26
51 8/=A/:26=642 2B9/:3C16! %4 6Q62T 07 2:74;323/4 51 :9S3=6 W1.370 .6:; 06 :9E
S3=6 2/::642360 ;6 2:75132 64 2B9/:36 A7: 07 53=34123/4 5G146 56; 8909:329; 5G/456;
J64 .7061: 7>;/016L N1;C1GU 56.643: 41006 A/1: 14 98/106=642 8:323C16! "6 8/=E
A/:26=642 6;2 0G34.6:;6 56 86013 598:32 A7: 06 0/S38360 A13;C16 06; 561H 8909:329;
5G/456; 87081096; 2645642 .6:; 0G34R43 J64 .7061: 7>;/016L C1745 06 4/=>:6 56
!"#$%&'( ) *&+,( -%-.%/0'#$"%1+(
234567 8796 :73; <)

(9 3=>?@7 8433798?7A B f = 0CD AE=F5G8?49 67 F5G98?8= 67 @45:7@798 67:?798
H7AA7 67 AE4967 6?I5;?:7) !7887 GJJ34K?@G8?49 7;8 JLM;?F57@798 949 N5;8?O=7) (9
7I78D AE=F5G8?49 67 AE4967 6?I5;?:7 37:?798 P 9=>A?>73 A7; 873@7; 6E?9738?7 GA43;
F5E?A; ;498 J3=64@?9G98; 79 3=>?@7 8433798?7A) $G3 G?AA753;D AE=F5G8?49 67 AE4967
6?I5;?:7 8796 P G@438?3 AE4967 67 H357 A43; 67 ;G J34JG>G8?49) !78 G@438?;;7@798
67 AG J4?987 67 H357 7;8 A7 JA5; ;45:798 379H4983= 6G9; AG JG38?7 67; H453; 6E7G5
4Q A7 HLG@J 6E7KJG9;?49 67 H357 N457 59 3RA7 J3=64@?9G98 78 4Q AE=H45A7@798 M
7;8 >=9=3GA7@798 S5:?GA) (9 37:G9HL7 P AEG@498 67; H453; 6E7G5D AE=H45A7@798 7;8
JA5; T3=F57@@798 79 3=>?@7 8433798?7A 78 A7; U497; 6E7KJG9;?49 67 H357 ;498 JA5;
TG?VA7;D 97 J73@788G98 G?9;? F5E59 TG?VA7 GVG887@798 65 J?H 67 H357) .7; =F5G8?49;
87AA7; F5EG64J8=7; 6G9; A7 A4>?H?7A "(!W'#X :498 P AE79H49837 65 H4@J4387@798
JLM;?F57 >=9=3GA7@798 7K?;8G98 79 H3=G98 59 GVG887@798 65 J?H 67 H357 A43;F57
AE=H45A7@798 7;8 8433798?7A)
! !" #$%$ &'()

tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
.7 A4>?H?7A %;?; 2A4Y 7;8 59 A4>?H?7A 67 @46=A?;G8?49 59?6?@79;?4997AA7 67;

=H45A7@798; P ;53TGH7 A?V37 79 3=>?@7 J73@G9798 45 83G9;?84?37 6=:7A4JJ= JG3
ZGAA?9>T436 X4T8YG37) .G @=8L464A4>?7 67 HGAH5A 7;8 J3=;798=7 6G9; A7 @G957A
67 3=T=379H7 65 A4>?H?7A [\]^) .7; LG58753; 78 A7; 6=V?8; ;53 AG U497 @46=A?;=7 ;498
HGAH5A=; 79 3=;4A:G98 A7; =F5G8?49; 67 XG?98W_79G98 `
∂S ∂Q
+ = ql B ) aGC
∂t ∂x
∂ Q2

∂Q ∂z
+ = −gS − Sf B ) aVC
∂t ∂x S ∂x
!4@@7 6G9; A7 HG; 67 b?c7 <<D A7 873@7 6EGJJ438 AG8=3GA ql 9E7;8 JG; J3?; 79
H4@J87 6G9; AE=F5G8?49 67 F5G98?8= 67 @45:7@798 H7 F5? J758 d837 P AE43?>?97
6E59 H4@J4387@798 ?9H4L=3798 B:4?3 X7H8?49 ) )<C)
.G @46=A?;G8?49 67; =H45A7@798; 79 3=>?@7 83G9;?84?37 58?A?;7 A7 ;HL=@G 67
$37?;;@G99 B:4?3 X7H8?49 ) ) C J453 3=;45637 A7; =F5G8?49; 67 XG?98W_79G98)
.G @=8L464A4>?7 7@JA4M=7 9E7;8 F57 83e; V3?e:7@798 6=H3?87 6G9; A7 @G957A 65
A4>?H?7A [\]^) .7; LMJ48Le;7; G;;4H?=7; P H7 8MJ7 67 @46=A?;G8?49 97 ;498 JG;
7KJA?H?8=7;)
.7 HGAH5A 67 A?>97 6E7G5 79 3=>?@7 J73@G9798 78 79 3=>?@7 83G9;?84?37 J758
J4;73 J34VAe@7 6G9; A7 HG; 6E59 =H45A7@798 8433798?7A f 948G@@798 P HG5;7 67;
?9;8GV?A?8=; F57 J758 >=9=373 A7 ;HL=@G 67 $37?;;@G99 G5 9?:7G5 65 JG;;G>7
S5:?GAg8433798?7A 45 8433798?7AgS5:?GA) $453 37@=6?73 P H7 J34VAe@7D AG ;7H8?49
6E=H45A7@798 7;8 H49;?6=3=7 H49;8G987 6G9; A7 873@7 H49:7H8?T 67 AE=F5G8?49 67
H49;73:G8?49 67 AG F5G98?8= 67 @45:7@798 B ) aVC `
∂ Q2 1 ∂Q2

≈ B ) hC
∂x S S ∂x
! ! "#$%& $% "'(")( *$ +
λ+ analytique
λ- analytique 4
λ+ Isis Flow
λ- Isis Flow 3
1
λ/c
0
-2 -1 0 1 2
-1
-2
Frmin
-Frmin
Frmax
-Frmax
-3
-4
Nombre de Froude
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!"#$% !" # $%&'()*&+ ,- '. /0'01*)0 ,-2 &+,-2 -+ 3&+/)*&+ ,( +&451- ,-

61&(,- 7 /&48.1.*2&+ ,( /&48&1)-4-+) )90&1*:(- -) ,- /-'(* ,- ;2*2 6'&<!
=-))- .881&>*4.)*&+ 2- 108-1/()- .( +*%-.( ,( /.'/(' ,- '. 4.)1*/- ?./&5*-++-

-) ,- '@->81-22*&+ ,- '. %*)-22- ,- 81&8.A.)*&+ ,-2 &+,-2!

0 1
A= B !CDE
c2 2u
− √
λ = u − √u2 − c2
B !CFE
λ+ = u + u2 − c2
;' -2) *+,*:(0 :(@(+- )1.+2*)*&+ 81&A1-22*%- -2) 10.'*20- -+)1- '-2 0:(.)*&+2 ,-
G.*+)HI-+.+) -) /-''-2 *+/'(.+) '@.881&>*4.)*&+ B ! JE! K@->81-22*&+ ,- /-))-
3&+/)*&+ ,- )1.+2*)*&+ +@-2) 8.2 8102-+)0- ,.+2 '- 4.+(-' ,- 10301-+/- ,( '&H
A*/*-' LCMN! O0.+4&*+2P '-2 %.'-(12 2-(*' 8.1 ,03.() -+)1- '-2:(-''-2 '. 3&+/)*&+ ,-
)1.+2*)*&+ -+)1- -+ ?-( 2&+) 280/*Q0-2 R '. )1.+2*)*&+ 2@-S-/)(- 8&(1 (+ +&451-
,- 61&(,- /&481*2 -+)1- Frmin = 0, 75 -) Frmax = 0, 9! K-2 0:(.)*&+2 /&48'T)-2
,- G.*+)HI-+.+) 2&+) ,&+/ ()*'*20-2 8&(1 (+ +&451- ,- 61&(,- *+301*-(1 U Frmin
-) '@.881&>*4.)*&+ -2) /&48'T)-4-+) .88'*:(0- .(H,-'U ,- Frmax ! K@0%&'()*&+ ,(
λ
1.)*& -+ 3&+/)*&+ ,( +&451- ,- 61&(,- . 0)0 )1./0- 2(1 '. QA(1- !"! K@->81-2H
c
2*&+ ,- '. 3&+/)*&+ ,- )1.+2*)*&+ +@0).+) 8.2 810/*20- ,.+2 '- 4.+(-' ,( '&A*/*-'P *'
-2) *48&22*5'- ,- ,0)-14*+-1 '. 3&14('.)*&+ ,-2 /0'01*)02 ,@&+,-2 2(1 '@-+2-45'-
,( ,&4.*+- ,- %.1*.)*&+ ,( +&451- ,- 61&(,- 7 '- 1.)*& +@. 8.1 /&+20:(-+) 8.2
0)0 )1./0 ,.+2 '- ,&4.*+- ,@.88'*/.)*&+ ,- '. 3&+/)*&+ ,- )1.+2*)*&+ 8&(1 (+
+&451- ,- 61&(,- /&481*2 -+)1- Frmin = 0, 75 -) Frmax = 0, 9!
V&(1 (+ 0/&('-4-+) W(%*.' '- )-14- c2 810,&4*+- ,-%.+) u2 7 '-2 /0'01*)02
,@&+,-2 B !CFE +- 2&+) ,&+/ 8.2 ,0Q+*-2 8&(1 (+ +&451- ,- 61&(,- /&481*2 -+)1-
! "#$%&'() * +',-) .&./&01($%#&2,)
0, 9 34 1* /5 657389 :59 ;<=584 ;3 Frmax >3 :384 ;?>@ :5A B493 @?>A396<3 <C573 D
0, 9 34 ;?E4 ><@3AA5E93F3>4 6<9EG39 Frmax ≥ 1* -H58493A @?>495E>43A A89 Frmin 34
Frmax :3863>4 B493 EF:?A<3A :59 7H3I:93AAE?> ;3 75 =?>@4E?> ;3 495>AE4E?>*
%?89 8> >?FJ93 ;3 K9?8;3 E>=<9E389 D Frmin L 73A @<7<9E4<A ;H?>;3A @57@87<3A :59
73 7?CE@E37 A?>4 E;3>4EM83A 58I @<7<9E4<A 4N<?9EM83A* %?89 8> <@?873F3>4 @9E4EM83
OFr = 1PL 73A ;38I @<7<9E4<A ;H?>;3 A?>4 <C573A D cL @3 M8E >3 @?993A:?>; :5A
58 @?F:?943F3>4 NQ;9587EM83 4N<?9EM83 ?R 8>3 ;3A @<7<9E4<A 3A4 >8773* 0> :384
<C573F3>4 F?>4939 M8H3> 9<CEF3 4?993>4E37L 73A @<7<9E4<A√@57@87<3A :59 73 7?CE@E37 >3
A?>4 <C573A 58I @<7<9E4<A 4N<?9EM83A M83 :?89 Fr = ± 2* /3 495@< ;3A @<7<9E4<A
;H?>;3A 4N<?9EM83A 34 @57@87<3A :59 73 7?CE@E37 ;5>A 7H3A:5@3 ;3A :N5A3A O6?E9
KEC893 *SP :39F34 ;HE;3>4EG39 ;38I @?F:?943F3>4A ;ET<93>4A* %?89 1 < Fr2 < 2L
75 @<7<9E4< ;H?>;3 ><C54E63 O93A:3@4E63F3>4 :?AE4E63P @57@87<3 :59 73 7?CE@E37 3A4
A893A4EF<3 O93A:3@4E63F3>4 A?8AU3A4EF<3P :59 95::?94 58I @<7<9E4<A 4N<?9EM83A V
73 @?F:?943F3>4 E>639A3 3A4 ?JA3965J73 :?89 Fr2 > 2* %59 5E77389AL 7?9AM83 73
>?FJ93 ;3 K9?8;3 58CF3>43L 7H8>3 ;3A @<7<9E4<A ;H?>;3A @57@87<3 :59 73 7?CE@E37
43>; 639A 0* "3 @?F:?943F3>4 3A4 E>@?N<93>4 563@ 73 @?F:?943F3>4 4N<?9EM83
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
:8EAM83 75 6E43AA3 ;3 :9?:5C54E?> ;3A ?>;3A 58CF3>43 563@ 73 >?FJ93 ;3 K9?8;3*
! !" #$%&'()*$% +$(, '-) &$.-) /0

/3A @?;3A ;3 @57@87 8>E;EF3>AE?>>37A A?>4 58W?89;HN8E 3>@?93 759C3F3>4 84EU
7EA<AL >?45FF3>4 ;5>A 73A ;?F5E>3A ;3 7HE>C<>E39E3 34 ;3 7H<657854E?> ;8 9EAM83
;HE>?>;54E?>* /3A =5EJ73A J3A?E>A 3> ;?>><3A 4?:?C95:NEM83A O@?F:5954E63F3>4
58I F?;X73A ;3 :78A N5843 ;EF3>AE?>P 34 75 93754E63 95:E;E4< ;3 @57@87 @?FU
:3>A3>4 73A NQ:?4NXA3A AEF:7EG@549E@3A A89 73AM83773A @3A 7?CE@E37A A?>4 J5A<A*
-H58493A 5::9?@N3A A?>4 3F:7?Q<3A ;5>A @3945E>A 7?CE@E37A* %59 3I3F:73L 73 7?U
CE@E37 "59:5 ;<637?::< :59 7H,>E639AE4< %?7Q43@N>EM83 ;3 "5457?C>3 O)A:5C>3P
YZZ[ 3A4 8> 3I3F:73 ;3 @?;3 84E7EA5>4 8>3 5::9?@N3 58I 6?78F3A G>EA M8E :39F34
;3 495E439 ;3 75 FBF3 F5>EX93 73A <@?873F3>4A \86E58I 34 4?993>4E37A*
-5>A 73 @5A ;H<@?873F3>4A :78A @?F:73I3A ?8 :?89 73AM837A 73A NQ:?4NXA3A
;3A @?;3A 8>E;EF3>AE?>>37A A?>4 49?: AEF:7EG@549E@3AL 7H8A5C3 ;3 @?;3 ;3 @57@87
JE;EF3>AE?>>37 3A4 :9E6E7<CE<*
!" #$%&' %& ()*(+* ,

-XA 7?9A M83 7H<@?873F3>4 >3 :384 :78A B493 @?>AE;<9< @?FF3 8>E=?9F3 A89
8>3 A3@4E?> 3> 495639AL E7 @?>6E3>4 ;3 =5E93 5::37 D 75 F?;<7EA54E?> JE;EF3>AE?>U
>3773 :784]4 M8HD 75 F?;<7EA54E?> 8>E;EF3>AE?>>3773* /3A ;?>><3A ><@3AA5E93A D 75
@?>A498@4E?> ;8 F?;X73 O>?45FF3>4 3> 439F3A ;3 4?:?C95:NE3P A?>4 57?9A :78A
>?FJ938A3A* /3A F?;X73A @?>A498E4A A?>4 C<><9573F3>4 :78A C95>;A M83 73A F?U
;X73A ^- 34 ><@3AAE43>4L :59 @?>A<M83>4L ;3A ;89<3A ;3 AEF8754E?> :78A 7?>C83A*
&7 3A4 58W?89;HN8E :?AAEJ73 ;3 49?8639 8> >?FJ93 EF:?945>4 ;3 @?;3A ;3 @57U
@87 -* .E3> M83 75 M85AE 4?457E4< ;3A 7?CE@E37A 9<A?763>4 73A <M854E?>A ;3 .599<
!"! #$%&' %& #()#*) % +
t t
s
Isi
+
λ
=
sis
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
I
λ-
λ+ théo λ− théo x λ+ théo λ− théo x

λ+ Isis λ− Isis λ+ Isis λ− Isis
!" Fr = 1 #" 1 < Fr2 < 2
t t
héo
λ -t
=
+ hé
o
sis
λ t
λ -I
=
λ
+ Isis
λ+ théo λ− théo x λ+ théo λ− théo x

λ+ Isis λ− Isis λ+ Isis λ− Isis
$" Fr2 = 2 %" Fr2 > 2
!"#$% !, - ./0123/4565784 9/3 :2;217523 9<849/3 5=2817>?/3 /5 :6;:?;2/3 061

@373 A;8B 9643 ;</306:/ 9/3 0=63/3!
! "#$%&'() * +',-) .&./&01($%#&2,)
y y y Pi+3
(i,j+1)
yj+1 (i,j+1) (i+1,j+1) yj+1 Pi-3
(i+1,j+1)
Pi+2
Pi
yj (i,j) (i+1,j) yj
(i+1,j)
Pi+1 Pi-2
(i,j)
Pi-1
xi xi+1 x xi xi+1 x x
!" #!$%%!&' ()*+,)+*- ,!*)-. 0" #!$%%!&' ()*+,)+*- ,+*1$. ," #!$%%!&' /2/ ()*+,)+*-
($'/ %$&/'
!"#$% *34 5 6789:; <= >?@A7@>= <=B <@C9?=ADB DE>=B <= :;@FF;G=
<= 6;@ADHI=A;ADJ F; :9D8K<= <= :;@FF;G= <= F; LKA= :K<9F@B9= =D F; :9D8K<=

<= ?9BKFMD@KA <=B 9NM;D@KAB >KB9=B >=MO=AD O;?@=? <= :;A@P?= @:>K?D;AD= <QMA
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
7K<= R FQ;MD?=* -=MS G?;A=B <= :;@FF;G=B BKAD R <@BD@AGM=? T F=B :;@FF;G=B
BD?M7DM?9B =D F=B :;@FF;G=B AKA BD?M7DM?9B UOK@? V@GM?= *34W* %KM? F=B :;@FF;G=B
BD?M7DM?9BJ F=B >K@ADB <= 7;F7MF BKAD <@B>KB9B <= :;A@P?= K?G;A@B9= X DKMB F=B >K@ADB
>;?D;G=;AD MA :Y:= @A<@7= 9D;AD <@B>KB9B BM? MA= :Y:= 7KM?Z=* )A ?=O;A78=J
>KM? F=B :;@FF;G=B AKA BD?M7DM?9BJ ;M7MA= K?G;A@B;D@KA >;?D@7MF@P?= <=B >K@ADB
<= 7;F7MF AQ=BD A97=BB;@?=* -;AB F= 7;B <=B :;@FF;G=B BD?M7DM?9BJ F; ?9BKFMD@KA <=
BEBDP:=B <Q9NM;D@KAB :MFD@<@:=AB@KAA=FB =BD G9A9?;F=:=AD [;@D= >;? F; ?9BKFMH
D@KA <= >FMB@=M?B >?KZFP:=B MA@<@:=AB@KAA=FB* "= DE>= <= :;@FF;G= >=MD DKMD=H
[K@B YD?= >?KZF9:;D@NM= >KM? ?=>?9B=AD=? <=B DK>KG?;>8@=B ?9=FF=B* %;? ;@FF=M?BJ
F=B D=78A@NM=B <= ?9BKFMD@KAB <= BEBDP:=B <Q9NM;D@KAB :MFD@<@:=AB@KAA=FB BKMB
[K?:= <QMA= BM77=BB@KA <= >?KZFP:=B MA@<@:=AB@KAA=FB >=MO=AD >?K<M@?= <=B
BKFMD@KAB [K?D=:=AD ;A@BKD?K>=B =D >;?D@7MF@P?=:=AD B=AB@ZF=B R FQK?@=AD;D@KA <M
:;@FF;G= \ !]J \ ^]*
-;AB F; :=BM?= K_ F= 7K<= <= 7;F7MF <9O=FK>>9 <;AB F= 7;<?= <= 7=DD= D8PB=
MD@F@B=?; MA :;@FF;G= <= 7;F7MF AKA BD?M7DM?9J F=B 7K<=B <= 7;F7MF Z@<@:=AB@KAA=FB
D?;O;@FF;AD BM? <=B :;@FF;G=B BD?M7DM?9B U`@a= 3 <M -#&J ""#) - <M b""#)
<= FQ,A@O=?B@D9 <M `@BB@BB@>@J cKF[ - <M #$"# <= FQ,A@O=?B@D9 <= /@PG=J =D7W
A= B=?KAD >;B >?9B=AD9B* /=B 7K<=B <= 7;F7MF >?9B=AD9B 7@H;>?PB BKAD T `@a= 3
V`J '=F=:;7J 6c -* /= 7K<= <= 7;F7MF 6c - B=?O@?; <= Z;B= ;M 7K<= <= 7;F7MF
3-H - <9O=FK>>9 <;AB F= 7;<?= <= 7=DD= D8PB= T 6c3 - U>KM? 68;FFKd c;D=?
3-H -W*
!"!# $%&' # ()*+ $*,') ($

/; BK7@9D9 -#& ; <9O=FK>>9 >FMB@=M?B FKG@7@=FB <= :K<9F@B;D@KA Z@<@:=AB@KAH
A=FF= <=B 97KMF=:=ADB X 78;7MA BQ;>>F@NM;AD BM? MA DE>= <= :;@FF;G= <@C9?=AD =D
MD@F@B;AD <=B :9D8K<KFKG@=B <= 7;F7MF D?PB <@C9?=AD=B <QMA FKG@7@=F R FQ;MD?=* /;
:9D8K<KFKG@= <= 7;F7MF <M FKG@7@=F `@a= 3 VFKd `K<=F V`J D=FF= NM= <97?@D=
<;AB F= :;AM=F <= ?9[9?=A7= \3e]J =BD >?9B=AD9= @7@* )A =C=DJ 7= FKG@7@=F U>;?:@
!"! #$%&' %& #()#*) % +
,-./ 01202343 051 6- %789 -3: 6- 3-.6 ; 3- <53-1 3.1 .= >5?665@- =2= 3:1.,:.14
-: 0-.: 4@56->-=: A:1- ,2.064 ; B?C- DD 051 6- <?5?3 E. 62@?,?-6 B?C- F622E!
#- 62@?,?-6 5 4:4 E4G-62004 5H= E- 02.G2?1 >2E46?3-1 6-3 4,2.6->-=:3 -= >?6?-.
>51?=I ,J:?-1I -3:.51?-= 2. 6213 EK?=2=E5:?2=!
)-3 4L.5:?2=3 14326.-3 051 6- 62@?,?-6 32=: ,-66-3 E- '5?=:MN-=5=: -= E-./
E?>-=3?2=3 O
∂h ∂q ∂r
+ + = Ql P !" 59
∂t ∂x ∂y
q2

∂q ∂ ∂ qr
+ + =
∂t ∂x h ∂y h
p
∂z q2 + r2 q
− gh −g + Cx + Dx + Wx + Tx + Sx P !" <9
∂x C 2 h2
r2

∂r ∂ qr ∂
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
+ + =
∂t ∂x h ∂y h
p
∂z q2 + r2 r
− gh −g + Cy + Dy + Wy + Ty + Sy P !" ,9
∂y C 2 h2
2Q Cx I Dx I Wx I Tx I Sx P1-30-,:?G->-=: Cy I Dy I Wy I Ty I Sy 9 1-0143-=:-=: 65
R21,- E- #21?26?3I 65 G51?5:?2= E- 65 E-=3?:4I 6K-S-: E. G-=:I 6K-S-: E- 65 :.1<.M
6-=,- -: 6- T./ E- L.5=:?:4 E- >2.G->-=: -=:15=: 051 .=?:4 E- 3.1R5,- E5=3 65
E?1-,:?2= Ox P1-30-,:?G->-=: Oy 9 U Ql -3: 6- G26.>- -=:15=: 051 .=?:4 E- 3.1R5,-
-: 051 .=?:4 E- :->03! #-3 4L.5:?2=3 32=: 14326.-3 051 .=- >4:V2E- 5./ G26.>-3
H=?3 3.1 .= >5?665@- =2= 3:1.,:.14 5G-, E-3 464>-=:3 E- R21>- L.-6,2=L.-! )5
051:?- ,2=G-,:?G- E. G-,:-.1 T./ -3: ,56,.64- 051 6K?=:-1>4E?5?1- EK.= 326G-.1
E- W2- -: 6K?=:4@15:?2= 305:?56- -3: 1456?34- 051 .= 3,V4>5 E. 01->?-1 21E1-! )5
>4:V2E262@?- E. 326G-.1 E- W2- 3-15 E4:5?664- ; 65 3-,:?2= !X! !D!
Y2.1 65 E?3,14:?35:?2= :->021-66-I .= 3,V4>5 -/06?,?:- EK&.6-1 -3: 5E20:4!
)- >5=.-6 E- 6K.:?6?35:-.1 ZD[\ -/06?,?:- 65 ,2=E?:?2= E- 3:5<?6?:4 L.? E2?: A:1-
G41?H4- O
p ∆t
Cr = gh ≤ 0.5 P !""9
∆x
2Q Cr 1-0143-=:- 6- =2><1- E- #2.15=:I ∆t 6- 053 E- :->03 -: ∆x -3: 50012,V4
051 65 62=@.-.1 E- 65 06.3 0-:?:- ?=:-1R5,- E- 6K464>-=: ,2=3?E414! )5 ,2=E?:?2=
E- 3:5<?6?:4 P !""9 0-.: =- 053 A:1- 3.]35=:- 02.1 @515=:?1 65 3:5<?6?:4 E. >2E^6-
E5=3 65 >-3.1- 2Q 65 G?:-33- EK4,2.6->-=: -3: =4@6?@4- -: 2Q 6K50012/?>5:?2= E-
∆x 0-.: A:1- :120 @15=E- E5=3 ,-1:5?=-3 ,2=H@.15:?2=3 E. >5?665@-! Y51 5?66-.13I
6- 053 E- :->03 E- ,56,.6 E2?: A:1- H/4 051 6K.:?6?35:-.1 U ,- ,V2?/ 0-.: 3- 14G46-1
E?],?6- E5=3 6- ,53 E- >2E46?35:?2= ,2>06-/- 2. 305:?56->-=: :1^3 4:-=E.-!
)5 01?3- -= ,2>0:- EK2.G15@-3 V_E15.6?L.-3 P,2.13 EK-5. ,5=56?343I 02=:3I
-:,!!!9 =K5 053 4:4 014G.- E5=3 6- 62@?,?-6! )5 >2E46?35:?2= E-3 4,2.6->-=:3 E5=3
E-3 `2=-3 2Q ,-1:5?=3 2.G15@-3 0-.G-=: 3- >-::1- -= ,V51@- 0-.: 3- 14G46-1
E?],?6- G2?1- ,2=E.?1- ; E-3 143.6:5:3 =2= 1-0143-=:5:?R3!
! "#$%&'() * +',-) .&./&01($%#&2,)
%345 6347385 9:5;5 <355;<=;>;?= @;A >B8@@;A C; <B@<4@ B7;< 4?; DB8E@; FB4=;45
CG;B4H 4?; B6653<F; 6B5=8<4@8I5; B :=: BC36=:;* '538A 7B@;45A A;48@ A3?= ;>6@3J:;A
A45 <FBK4; <;@@4@; 6345 C:L?85 A8 4?; 8?=;5DB<; ;A= ;? ;B4 34 ?3? ;= A8 4?;
>B8@@; C; <B@<4@ ;A= 8?3?C:;H >348@@:; 34 AI<F;* %345 4?; <;@@4@; 8?3?C:;H @;A
:K4B=83?A A3?= <3?A8C:5:;A CB?A @;45 8?=:95B@8=: M 6345 @;A <;@@4@;A >348@@:;AH A;4@A
@;A =5B?AD;5=A C; >BAA; A3?= 658A ;? <3>6=; M B4<4? <B@<4@ ?G;A= DB8= 6345 @;A
<;@@4@;A AI<F;A* -4 DB8= C;A <58=I5;A 658A ;? <3>6=;H B4<4? :<FB?9; ?G;A= 5:B@8A:
;?=5; 4?; <;@@4@; AI<F; ;= 4?; <;@@4@; >348@@:;* %B5 B8@@;45A @35AK4G4?; <;@@4@;
;A= AI<F;H @B DB8E@; K4B?=8=: CG;B4 K4G;@@; <3?=8;?= ;A= 5;=85:; C4 >3CI@; <; K48
DB4AA; B8?A8 @; E8@B? C; >BAA;* /G4=8@8AB=83? C4 @398<8;@ N8O; P 6345 >3C:@8A;5 C;A
:<34@;>;?=A A45 C;A A45DB<;A C; DB8E@; 6;?=; Q6345 C;A :=4C;A C; 548AA;@@;>;?=
6B5 ;R;>6@;S 6;4= T=5; 5;?C4; C8U<8@; 6B5 <;==; B6653<F; C; 9;A=83? C;A D53?=A
C; >348@@B9;A*
!"! #$%$&'( )
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
/; @398<8;@ ';@;>B< -H C:7;@366: 6B5 )-VH ;A= 4? <3C; C; >3C:@8AB=83?

E8C8>;?A83??;@@; C;A :<34@;>;?=A* /;A 8?D35>B=83?A 5;@B=87;A B4R >:=F3C;A ?4W
>:58K4;A ;>6@3J:;A 6B5 <; <3C; C; <B@<4@ A3?= C8U<8@;>;?= B<<;AA8E@;A* )? ;X;=H
@GB@9358=F>; C; 5:A3@4=83? C;A :K4B=83?A ;A= 653=:9: CB?A @B >;A45; 34 ';@;>B<
- ;A= 4? @398<8;@ <3>>;5<8B@*
Y45 4? >B8@@B9; ?3? A=54<=45: =58B?94@B85;H @; @398<8;@ 5:A34= @;A :K4B=83?A
C; YB8?=WZ;?B?= A34A D35>; ?3? <3?A;57B=87; 6B5 4?; >:=F3C; B4R :@:>;?=A
L?8A [\\]H [\P] ^
∂h − → −−→ −
→
+ V grad (h) + h div V = 0 Q *\_BS
∂t
∂u − → −−→ ∂z 1 −−→
+ V grad (u) = −g + Fx + div hνt grad (u) Q *\_ES
∂t ∂x h
∂v − → −−→ ∂z 1 −−→
+ V grad (v) = −g + Fy + div hνt grad (v) Q *\_<S
∂t ∂y h
3` Fx ;= Fy 5;65:A;?=;?= @;A =;5>;A A345<;A 65;?B?= ?3=B>>;?= ;? <3>6=; @;A
D53==;>;?=A ;= 3` νt 5;65:A;?=; @B 78A<3A8=: =45E4@;?=;* /;A :K4B=83?A Q *\_S A3?=
5:A3@4;A ;? 4=8@8AB?= @B >:=F3C; C; %;=537W1B@;5O8? ;= @B !"!#$%&'!( )&"&*+*
,!'&(+$% *!-./(* /G8?=:95B=83? =;>635;@@; ;A= K4B?= a ;@@; 5:B@8A:; 6B5 4? A<F:>B
B4R C8X:5;?<;A L?8;A 8>6@8<8=;*
,?; C;A<586=83? 6@4A C:=B8@@:; C; @GB@9358=F>; ;A= C8A63?8E@; CB?A [\ ]*
!"!" *+ )
/; <3C; C; <B@<4@ Yb - ;A= 4?; <FBc?; @398<8;@@; C:7;@366:; B4 A;8? C4 @BE3W
5B=385; #JC53A<8;?<;A N3?=6;@@8;5 Q,N( C4 "d(YH C; @G&(- ;= C;A 4?87;5A8=:A
N3?=6;@@8;5 P ;= N3?=6;@@8;5 S* "; <3C;H C:7;@366: 6345 C;A L?B@8=:A C; 5;W
<F;5<F; A45 @;A >:=F3C;A ?4>:58K4;AH ;A= ?:B?>38?A 4=8@8A: a <; e345 6B5 C;4R
!"! #$%&' %& #()#*) % +
,-./0-1 2345-2/ 62785 9:8;/. &8<:.788/=/85 > ?8@.0A5.-B5-./AC D7-. -8 5750E

/F/B5:@ 23/8<:.78 G 45-2/A 2/D-:A E/ 24,-5 2/ GGH!
)/A 4I-05:78A 2/ '0:85JK/8085 ,:2:=/8A:788/EE/A BE0AA:I-/A 785 454 =72:L4/A
D7-. D7-<7:. 5.0:5/. -8/ 0DD.7BM/ =0B.7AB7D:I-/ D0. D7.7A:54 NOPQR N SQR NP+Q!
)/A 4I-05:78A 2/ B78A/.<05:78 2/ E0 =0AA/ /5 2/ E0 I-085:54 2/ =7-</=/85 208A
BM0B-8/ 2/A 2:./B5:78A 234B7-E/=/85 A34B.:</85 0E7.A T
∂φh ∂φq ∂φr
+ + =R+B−I 6 !"H0C
∂t ∂x ∂y
q2

∂φq ∂ 1 ∂ qr
+ φ + gφh2 + φ =
∂t ∂x h 2 ∂y h
∂φ
− gφh (S0,x − Sf,x ) + gh2 + Qx + Wx + Bx + Ix 6 !"H,C
∂x
r2

∂φr ∂ qr ∂ 1
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
+ φ + φ + gφh2 =
∂t ∂x h ∂y h 2
∂φ
− gφh (S0,y − Sf,y ) + gh2 + Qy + Wy + By + Iy 6 !"HBC
∂y
7U φ ./D.4A/85/ E0 D7.7A:54R R E3:85/8A:54 2/A D.4B:D:505:78AR B E/A 4BM08;/A 2/
=0AA/ 0</B E/ ,V5:R I E/ 50-1 23:8LE5.05:78 208A E/ A7ER Qx /5 Qy E/A 5/.=/A 2/
2:F-A:78 8-=4.:I-/ 2/ E0 I-085:54 2/ =7-</=/85R Bx /5 By 6./AD/B5:</=/85
Ix /5 Iy C E/A 5.08A@/.5A 2/ I-085:54 2/ =7-</=/85 E:4A 0-1 4BM08;/A 2/ =0AA/
0</B E/ ,05: 6./AD/B5:</=/85 W E3:8LE5.05:78 208A E/ A7EC! )/A X-1 0-1 :85/.@0B/A
A785 B0EB-E4A /8 -5:E:A085 -8 ABM4=0 2/ 972-87< 7- Y*'#) 6E/ BM7:1 45085
E0:AA4 W E3-5:E:A05/-.C! #/A 2/-1 5ZD/A 2/ ABM4=0A 84B/AA:5/85 E0 .4A7E-5:78 23-8
D.7,E[=/ 2/ \:/=088 0- 8:</0- 2/ BM0I-/ :85/.@0B/ 2/ E0 B/EE-E/ B78A:24.4/!
]E-A:/-.A A7E</-.A 2/ \:/=088 D/.=/55/85 23/A5:=/. E/A X-1 W E3:85/.@0B/ /85./
2/-1 B/EE-E/A T -8 A7E</-. ^))R -8 A7E</-. ^))# N _Q 0:8A: I-/ 2/-1 A7E</-.A
234505 0DD.7BM4 ` E/ D./=:/. @78B5:788085 -8:I-/=/85 D7-. -8/ D7.7A:54 -8:@7.=/
A-. E3/8A/=,E/ 2- 27=0:8/ 2/ B0EB-E NO Q /5 E/ 2/-1:[=/ 0Z085 454 24</E7DD4 D7-.
-8/ D7.7A:54 <0.:0,E/ NP+Q! )/ 24</E7DD/=/85 2/ B/ A/B782 A7E</-. 0 454 .40E:A4
208A E/ B02./ 2/ B/55/ 5M[A/ /5 A/.0 D.4A/854 W E0 A/B5:78 O! ! *8/ D.7B42-./ 2/
B7../B5:78 2/A X-1 0 454 :=DE0854/ 0L8 2/ ;0.085:. E0 B78A/.<05:78 2/ E0 =0AA/
A-. E3/8A/=,E/ 2- =72[E/! &8 /F/5R E/A X-1 B0EB-E4A 0-1 :85/.@0B/A A785 E:=:54A
0- ,/A7:8 D7-. D/.=/55./ 57-5 0- DE-A E30AA[BM/=/85 2/ E0 =0:EE/ B78B/.84/!
)3:854;.05:78 5/=D7./EE/ /A5 .40E:A4/ D0. E/ ,:0:A 23-8 ABM4=0 23&-E/. /1DE:B:5/!
)/ D0A 2/ 5/=DA /A5 B0EB-E4 0-57=05:I-/=/85 D0. E/ B72/ 2/ =08:[./ W <4.:L/.
E0 B782:5:78 2/ A50,:E:54 D.4A/854/ D0. NH+Q T
p P Li,j
j
2 2
u +v +c ∆t ≤ 1 pour tout i 6 !"aC
Ai
7U Ai ./D.4A/85/ E0 A-.@0B/ /8 DE08 2/ E0 =0:EE/ 2/ B0EB-E i /5 Li,j E0 E78;-/-.
2/ E3:85/.@0B/ /85./ E/A =0:EE/A i /5 j !
! "#$%&'() *+ ,'-.) /&/0&12($%#&3-)
!"!# $%&'()*+%& ,%)- (.* '%/.* 0

24567 8 9:7;<4= >7 67? >74@AB47? >C67@@A7?D 97? <E=A9? >7 F<>C9A?G=A<@ HAI
>AF7@?A<@@79? ?<@= J9E? 4GJA>7? 7= J9E? G667??AH97?+ &9 GJJG4GK= =<E=7L<A? ME7
9:E=A9A?G=A<@ >7 =79? <E=A9? 47?=7 F<>C4C7 >G@? 97 ><FGA@7 >7 9G F<>C9A?G=A<@ NOI
>4GE9AME7+ )@ 7;7=D 9:7FJ9<A >7 9G F<>C9A?G=A<@ HA>AF7@?A<@@7997 AFJ9AME7 E@
6<P= AFJ<4=G@= 7@ =74F7? >7 6<9976=7 >7 ><@@C7?D >7 6<@?=4E6=A<@ >E FGA99GQ7 7=
>7 =7FJ? >7 6G96E9+ %G4 GA997E4?D 97? J<=7@=AG9A=C? >7 67? <E=A9? 47?=7@= FC6<@@E7?
>7? FGK=47? >:<7ER47+ $ 9:N7E47 G6=E7997D 67 =OJ7 >7 F<>C9A?G=A<@ 7?= =<E=7L<A? >7
J9E? 7@ J9E? 7FJ9<OC J<E4 J74F7==47 9G J4<>E6=A<@ >:G=9G? 6G4=<Q4GJNAME7 >7?
S<@7? A@<@>GH97? TJ<E4 97? %9G@? >7 %4CR7@=A<@ >7? (A?ME7? A@<@>G=A<@?U 7= J<E4
674=GA@7? C=E>7? >:AFJG6=+ .G@? 97 J47FA74 6G?D 97? 7@V7EW AFJ<4=G@=? J7ER7@=
VE?=AX74 97 6<P= >7? FC=N<>7? 7FJ9<OC7?+ .G@? 97 ?76<@> 6G?D <@ ?:A@=C47??7 8
9G >A;C47@67 7@=47 97? 4C?E9=G=? J4<>EA=? GE 6<E4? >7 ?AFE9G=A<@? ?E4 9G FYF7
S<@7 FGA? J<E4 >7? 6<@XQE4G=A<@? 9CQB47F7@= >A;C47@=7?+ &9 @:7?= G J4A<4A JG?
J<??AH97 >7 >C=74FA@74 6<FF7@= E@7 AFJ4C6A?A<@ ?E4 97 F<>B97 RG A@ZE7@674 97?
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
C6<E97F7@=?+ [CG@F<A@?D E@7 FYF7 AFJ4C6A?A<@ RG G J4A<4A A@ZE7@674 97? 4C?E9I

=G=? >7 FG@AB47 =4B? J4<6N7 >:E@7 ?AFE9G=A<@ 8 9:GE=47+ $A@?AD 9G 6<@?=4E6=A<@ >E
F<>B97 J7E= Y=47 F<A@? 6<FJ97W7 7= J74F7==47 >7 47@>47 67 =OJ7 >7 ?AFE9G=A<@
J9E? GA?CF7@= 7WJ9<A=GH97+
!" #$%&' %& ()*(+* ,-. -

07? 9<QA6A79? >7 6G96E9 E@A>AF7@?A<@@79? LGA?G@= >7? NOJ<=NB?7? JG4L<A? =4<J
?AFJ9AX6G=4A67? 7= 97? 6<>7? HA>AF7@?A<@@79? C=G@= =4<J >7FG@>7E4? 7@ =7FJ? >7
6G96E9 7= 7@ ><@@C7?D 9G 6<FHA@GA?<@ >7? >7EW =OJ7? >7 F<>C9A?G=A<@ G C=C 7@RA?GI
QC7+ )@ 7;7=D 67 =OJ7 >7 6<FHA@GA?<@ J74F7= >7 4C>EA47 97? H7?<A@? 7@ ><@@C7?
JG4 9:E=A9A?G=A<@ >:E@7 F<>C9A?G=A<@ E@A>AF7@?A<@@7997 GA@?A ME7 9G >7?64AJ=A<@
>C=GA99C7 >7? C6<E97F7@=? JG4 9:E?GQ7 >:E@7 F<>C9A?G=A<@ HA>AF7@?A<@@7997 >G@?
97? S<@7? 6N<A?A7?+ "7 6<EJ9GQ7 >7? >7EW =OJ7? >:<E=A9? >7 F<>C9A?G=A<@ G ><@@C
@GA??G@67 GEW F<>B97? \.I*.+ 07? 6<EJ9GQ7? 7@RA?GQC? >A;B47@= ?EARG@= 97 JNCI
@<FB@7 8 J47@>47 7@ 6<FJ=7 ] 97? C6NG@Q7? JG4 97? 7W=4CFA=C? >E F<>B97 \.
T6<447?J<@>G@= GEW 6<@>A=A<@? GEW 9AFA=7?U <E GE 6<@=4GA47 97? C6NG@Q7? JG4
>CH<4>7F7@= 9G=C4G9+
/A7@ ME7 97? 9<QA6A79? >7 6G96E9 6<EJ9C? \.I*. ?<A7@= >7 J9E? 7@ J9E? >CI
R79<JJC?D 9:E?GQ7 >7 =79? <E=A9? 47?=7 9AFA=C 8 >7? 6G? ?JC6AXME7?+ 0G 9A==C4G=E47
?6A7@=AXME7 >C64ARG@= >7 LG^<@ J4C6A?7 97? CMEG=A<@? 7= 97? =76N@AME7? @EFC4AME7?
E=A9A?C7? >G@? 67? F<>B97? 7?= 7W=4YF7@= 47?=47A@=7D >G@? 9G F7?E47 <_ J7E >7
6<>7? 6<EJ9C? <@= C=C >CR79<JJC? J<E4 >7? E?GQ7? 6<FF746AGEW+ 07? 6<>7? >7
6G96E9 J4C?7@=C? 6AIGJ4B? ?<@= ><@6 67EW J<E4 97?ME79? >7? A@L<4FG=A<@? ?EÌ
?GFF7@= J4C6A?7? C=GA7@= >A?J<@AH97? J<E4 9G >7?64AJ=A<@ >7 9G FC=N<><9<QA7 >7
6G96E9 ] a<9L JG6bGQ7D ""#)\.Ic9<<> I ""#)*.Ic9<<>D dAb7 c9<<> 7= e<H7bI
\.*.+
!"! #$%&' %& #()#*) +%, % -+
!"!# $%&' ()*+),-

%./01233. 45 6078 90 1:587;. 9:<=9>212?70@ <=9>29=84A7B50 (3317B5.0 0; 90
#286;>5C;7286 <=9>4517B506 95 14D2>4;27>0 9:<=9>29=84A7B50 (3317B5.0 0; 90
#286;>5C;728 90 1:587/0>67;. 90 )7E?0 FG01?7B50H@ 14 657;0 90 C41C51 I21J 3266E90
580 J28C;7288417;. 90 C25314?0 +%, % K+LM! )0 C25314?0 ;7>0 4/48;4?0 95 J47; B50
106 C2906 587, 0; D797A086728801 5;717608; 14 ANA0 A.;O290 45P /215A06 Q876! )0
C41C51 906 R5P 06; >.4176. 34> 14 A.;O290 90 !" #$%&'( )*+,&&,-. K-SM B57 5;71760
106 ;0>A06 90 1:4A28; F>0630C;7/0A08; 90 1:4/41H 67 14 C.1.>7;. 9:2890 06; 3267,
;7/0 F>0630C;7/0A08; 8.?4;7/0H K LM! )06 .B54;7286 628; 976C>.;76.06 634;7410A08;
65> 58 A47114?0 C4>;.6708 6;>5C;5>.@ C0 B57 J4C717;0 1:.;430 90 C286;>5C;728 95
A47114?0! &8 C28;>034>;70@ 14 >03>.608;4;728 90 ;232?>43O70 C2A310P0 06; 3156
97TC710 0; 8.C0667;0 34> C286.B508; 58 82AD>0 90 A471106 3156 .10/.! *8 6CO.A4
0P317C7;0 90 U58?0,V5;;4 06; 0A312=. 325> 1:78;.?>4;728 ;0A32>0110!
)0 C25314?0 06; >.4176. 45 87/045 906 17A7;06 906 905P A29E106 K+WM X 10 R5P
62>;48; 9:58 A29E10 34> 580 17A7;0 .;48; >.78Y0C;. 9486 10 60C289! ( CO4B50
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
346 90 ;0A36@ 106 9288.06 3>2/0848; 906 A471106 C2531.06 90 CO4B50 A29E10
60>/08; Z 9.;0>A780> 1:.;4; ?45CO0 F25 9>27;H 95 3>2D1EA0 90 U70A488 Z >.6259>0
325> C41C510> 10 R5P ;>4/0>648; 1:78;0>J4C0! )0 A29E10 58797A086728801 .;48;
D46. 65> 58 6=6;EA0 90 .B54;7286 Z 78C288506@ 14 C2;0 90 14 65>J4C0 17D>0
9486 14 C011510 % 0; 10 9.D7; ;>4/0>648; 1:78;0>J4C0 65T608; 325> 9.;0>A780>
C2A31E;0A08; 1:.;4; A48B548; 95 3>2D1EA0 90 U70A488! &8 >0/48CO0@ 10 A29E10
D797A086728801 3>089 08 C2A3;0 106 905P C2A32648;06 95 /0C;05> /7;0660 X 14
/7;0660 76650 95 A29E10 +% 80 65T; 412>6 3156 9486 14 A065>0 2[ 0110 8:06;
346 2>708;.0! #06 78J2>A4;7286 628; 928C C2A31.;.06 34> 14 3>760 08 C2A3;0 90
1:2>708;4;728 90 1:4P0 9:.C2510A08; 95 A29E10 +% 34> >4332>; 45 A29E10 %!
(7867@ 10 9.D7; ;>4867;48; 34> 14 17A7;0 95 A29E10 +% 305; N;>0 >.34>;7 9486 106
905P 97>0C;7286 9:0634C0 95 A29E10 %!
):5;71764;728 90 C0 A29E10 C2531. 325> 14 A29.1764;728 90 C>50 06; >08950
97TC710 34> 1:4D608C0 90 C25314?0 34> 9.D2>90A08; 14;.>41 95 A29E10 +%! #0;
25;71 06; 08 0\0; 5;7176. 325> A29.1760> 58 .C2510A08; 08 >7/7E>0 0; 3>.C760>
12C410A08; 14 9=84A7B50 906 .C2510A08;6 6256 1:0\0; 90 14 A760 08 A25/0A08;
90 /4880 90 J0>A0;5>0 9:58 ;>28]28 90 >7/7E>0 K+WM@ K+LM!
!"! ../0#123&%%4 2 ../0 123&%%4

( 1:78/0>60 90 14 657;0 12?7C701 I21J@ 10 C25314?0 906 A29E106 ##<&+%,^1229
0; ##<& %,^1229 K-M 80 3>089 08 C2A3;0 B50 106 .CO48?06 34> 65>/0>60 25 34>
>53;5>0 90 97?50! #06 905P 25;716 90 C41C51 28; .;. 9./01233.6 34> 10 _4;72841
#08;0> J2> #2A35;4;72841 <=9>26C708C0 489 &8?7800>78? 90 1:*87/0>67;. 95 `76,
6766737 0; 5;717608; 58 6CO.A4 45P /215A06 Q876! )4 A.;O290 90 C286;>5C;728 95
A29E10 30>A0; 90 J4C717;0> 1:7908;7QC4;728 906 17086 08;>0 106 .1.A08;6 +% 0; %!
&8 0\0;@ 10 A47114?0 C4>;.6708 95 A29E10 % 06; C286;>57; 9486 58 3>0A70> ;0A36
6486 3>089>0 08 C2A3;0 10 17; A7805>! #0157,C7@ >03>.608;. 34> 58 4P0 9:.C2510,
A08; 0; 906 3>2Q16 08 ;>4/0>6 976326.6 90 A487E>0 B501C28B50@ 06; 3>2Y0;. 65> 10
! "#$%&'() !* +',-) .&./&01($%#&2,)
34566478* ,9 :;<=6 89 >;4?8;@ AB 65> 3598B; 8@> C<9@>;B5> 4B 95?84B A8 CD4EB8

59>8;F4C8 89>;8 A8@ G6G389>@ A8 C46CB6 AB 3<AH68 !- :4; 59>8;:<64>5<9 A8@ :;<=6@
I- C<99B@* $59@5J CD4EB8 G6G389> A8 C46CB6 !- 8@> 4@@<C5G K B9 B95EB8 G6G389>
AB 3<AH68 I-* /L4M8 AB 65> 3598B; C<9@>5>B8 B98 6535>8 5338;7G8 AB 3<AH68
!-* /4 3G>D<A<6<758 A8 C46CB6 8@> 64 @B5?49>8 N
O 68 AGP5> >;49@5>49> A49@ 68 3<AH68 I- 8@> C46CB6G 89 :;8949> 89 C<3:>8 68@
GCD4978@ 89>;8 68@ 3<AH68@ Q C8@ A8;958;@ @<9> C46CB6G@ A8 3495H;8 8M:65C5>8
:4; 68 P545@ ALB98 GEB4>5<9 A8 AG?8;@<5;*
O 68@ C46CB6@ AB 3<AH68 !- @<9> 89@B5>8 ;G465@G@ 89 B>565@49> 64 !"#$%&'()*
+,$!"* RSTU 4B 95?84B A8 64 6535>8 5338;7G8 C<9@>5>BG8 :4; 6L4M8 AB 65>
3598B;* /8 AGP5> A8 >;49@F8;> 89>;8 68@ 3<AH68@ 8@> B>565@G C<338 C<9A5>5<9
4BM 6535>8@*
/4 3G>D<A<6<758 83:6<VG8 8@> P4@G8 @B; 6LDV:<>DH@8 EBL56 9LV 4 :4@ ALGC<B68389>
:4; A8@@B@ 68 65> 3598B; C<338 C864 :8B> W>;8 68 C4@ 6<;@ A8 64 35@8 89 C<B;>XC5;CB5>
A8 3G49A;8* )9 8Y8>J A49@ B98 >8668 C<9=7B;4>5<9J 64 ?5>8@@8 A8 6LGC<B68389>
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
A49@ 64 A5;8C>5<9 >;49@?8;@468 4B 65> 3598B; 9L8@> :4@ 9B668* /8 AGP5> 89>;49> K
6L59>8;F4C8 @B; B98 ;5?8 @<;> :4; 6L4B>;8 ;5?8 8> @49@ :<B; 4B>49> EB8 64 C<>8 A8 64
@B;F4C8 65P;8 ?4;58 @89@5P68389> @B; 64 @8C>5<9 A8 6LGC<B68389>* /4 3G>D<A<6<758
C<9@5@>49> K 83:6<V8; B98 GEB4>5<9 A8 AG?8;@<5; :<B; C46CB68; 68@ GCD4978@ 89>;8
65> I- 8> 65> !- 98 :8;38> :4@ A8 ;89A;8 C<3:>8 A8 C8 >V:8 A8 :DG9<3H98 Z68
AGP5> C46CB6G :4; B98 GEB4>5<9 A8 AG?8;@<5; G>49> 4 :;5<;5 9B6 EB49A 64 C<>8 A8
64 @B;F4C8 65P;8 8@> 64 3W38 K 6L43<9> 8> K 6L4?46[*
!"!# $%&' ()**+

/8 C<A8 A8 C46CB6 \5]8 ^6<<AJ AG?86<::G :4; 68 -#&J :8;38> 68 C<B:6478 A8@
C<A8@ \5]8 II 8> \5]8 !I* /<;@ ALB98 @53B64>5<9J 68@ C<A8@ I- 8> !- F<9C>5<9989>
59AG:89A43389> 8> A8 3495H;8 5A89>5EB8 K C8 EB5 4 G>G AGC;5> :;GCGA83389>
Z?<5; _8C>5<9 !*!*I 8> _8C>5<9 !* *I ;8@:8C>5?8389>[ RI!U* %6B@58B;@ >V:8@ A8 `<9CX
>5<9 89>;8 68@ A8BM 3<AH68@ @<9> :<@@5P68@ N
O /8@ `<9C>5<9@ A8 >V:8 a@>49A4;A 659]a 53:65EB89> B98 8M>;G35>G AB 3<AH68
I- Z,-.- 68@ C<998C>5<9@ 89>;8 B98 ;5?5H;8 8> B9 64C[*
O /8@ `<9C>5<9@ A8 >V:8 a64>8;46 659]a ;8:;G@89>89> 68@ GCD4978@ 89>;8 68@ A8BM
3<AH68@ :4; AGP<;A8389> 64>G;46 AB 3<AH68 I-*
O )9=9J 68@ `<9C>5<9@ A8 >V:8 a@>;BC>B;8 659]a :8;38>>89> A8 C46CB68; 68@
GCD4978@ 89>;8 A8BM 345668@ ?<5@598@ AB 3<AH68 !- :4; 64 ;G@<6B>5<9 A8@
GEB4>5<9@ I-* "8 >V:8 A8 `<9C>5<9 :8;38> A8 3<AG65@8; 68@ <B?;478@ >86@
EB8 68@ :<9>@J @8B56@J 8>C*** "8@ `<9C>5<9@ 98 @8;<9> :4@ 8M:65C5>G8@ A49@ 64
38@B;8 G;8@@8 EBLK 64 ;G@<6B>5<9 A8@ GEB4>5<9@ A8 _459>X
c8949>*
/8@ GEB4>5<9@ @<9> ;G@<6B8@ @53B6>49G389> :<B; 68@ A8BM 3<AH68@ 8> 68@ ?4;54P68@
@<9> C<9@5AG;G8@ C<338 ><>468389> AG>8;359G8@ 4B :4@ A8 >83:@ n*
!"! #$%&' %& #()#*) +%, % --
Mike 11
n+½ n+½
Q h
11 21
Mike 21
t
n n+½ n+1
Débit d’échange calculé explicitement à partir des variables du modèle 1D
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
Hauteur d’eau du modèle 2D servant de condition limite du 1D
i Etape de calcul n°i
!"#$% !++ . '/0123 45 /36/76 45 89:5 ;6<<4 =<7> 65? @<A/B9<A? 45 BC=5
D?B3A43>4 69A:D
!"!#!$ %&'()*&' +, )-., /0)1'+12+ 3*'4/

#5? @<A/B9<A? E<AB 65 695A 5AB>5 7A5 5FB>129B1 4G7A 2<4H65 +% 5B 7A5 <7 =67,
?957>? 239665? 45 /36/76 %! )5 E<A/B9<AA525AB 45 /5 695A 5AB>5 65? 457F 2<4H65?
5?B 65 2I25 J75 =<7> 65 /<45 K<6E LM<9> '5/B9<A !"!+N! %3A? 7A =>5295> B52=?O
89:5 + >1?<7B 65? 1J73B9<A? 5AB>5 65? B52=? n 5B n + 1! )5 41P9B 45 B>3A?E5>B
45=79? 65 2<4H65 +% M5>? 65 % 5?B 5FB>3=<61 Q =3>B9> 45? M3>93P65? 47 2<4H65
+% 37 =3? 45 B52=? n R
∂Qn+1/2 ∂hn Qn |Qn |

= − gS +g 2 L !-SN
∂t ∂x C SRh
%3A? /5BB5 E<>2763B9<AO 65 B5>25 4G3//161>3B9<A /<AM5/B9M5 3 1B1 A1T69T15!

)G5FB>3=<63B9<A 47 41P9B B>3A?9B3AB 4G7A 2<4H65 Q 6G37B>5 5?B >1369?15 T>U/5 Q
7A ?/0123 5F=69/9B5 5B A1/5??9B5 4<A/ 45 >5?=5/B5> 63 /<A49B9<A 45 #<7>3AB =<7>
T3>3AB9> 63 ?B3P969B1 47 2<4H65! )3 M3657> 23F92365 3429??9P65 =<7> 65 A<2P>5 45
#<7>3AB 5?B 9A49J715 1T365 Q ! ( =3>B9> 47 41P9B 45 B>3A?E5>BO 63 23??5 1/03AT15
5AB>5 /03/7A 45? 2<4H65? 39A?9 J75 63 J73AB9B1 45 2<7M525AB 5AB>3AB5 43A? 65
2<4H65 % =57M5AB IB>5 5?B9215?! %3A? 7A ?5/<A4 B52=?O 89:5 ++ >1?<7B 65?
1J73B9<A? 5AB>5 65? B52=? n 5B n + 1! V<7> /5 E39>5O 63 /<B5 45 63 ?7>E3/5 69P>5
43A? 65 2<4H65 % 5?B 7B969?15 /<225 /<A49B9<A 37F 6929B5? 47 2<4H65 +%! )5
?/0123 45 /36/76 /<7=61 45? 457F 2<4H65? 5?B =>1?5AB1 ?7> 63 WT7>5 !++!
! "#$%&'() *+ ,'-.) /&/0&12($%#&3-)
!"!#! $%&'()%& *+ (,-+ ./0(+10/ /)&2.

"45 6789:;785 <4=>4::48: ?4 =4<=@548:4= A45 ?@B7=?4>48:5 ?C A;: >;84C= D4=5
A45 9EF><5 ?G4H<F85;78 ?4 9=C4 4: D;94ID4=5F+ 045 9F=F9:@=;5:;JC45 ?4 AG@9EF8K4
578: ;8:@K=@45 FCH @JCF:;785 ?4 L;M4 NN O=45<49:;D4>48: L;M4 *NP D;F C8 :4=>4
57C=94+ 0F ?@Q8;:;78 ?4 :4AA45 5:=C9:C=45 <4C: 54 RF;=4 5C= AG4854>BA4 ?GC8 B;4R
?C >7?SA4 N. O4: ?789 5C= <AC5;4C=5 549:;785 ?4 9FA9CAP 4: 5C= <AC5;4C=5 94AACA45
?C >7?SA4 *.+ 04 9E7;H ?4 AF <7=:;78 ?4 >7?SA4 N. 4: ?45 94AACA45 F5579;@45 T
C84 5:=C9:C=4 ?G@9EF8K4 45: RF;: ?4 >F8;S=4 FC:7>F:;JC4 <F= A4 97?4+ $ <F=:;= ?4
AF K@7>@:=;4 ?45 ?4CH >7?SA45U AF AF=K4C= 4: AF 97:4 ?C ?@D4=57;= 578: 9FA9CA@45+
.4CH R7=>CAF:;785 578: <=7<75@45 <7C= 9FA9CA4= A4 ?@B;: :=F85;:F8: ?GC8 >7?SA4
T AGFC:=4 V
" 1,5 #0,385
Qe p hav
= ham ham 1 − O*+ WFP
DL ham
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
 √ hav
Qe  ham ham
 !"# ≤ 2
3
= ham $%&'()*
DL √ √ hav
 3 3hav ham − hav

2 !"# > 2
3
ham
!+ Qe ,-. /, 01)2. 0, .#34-5,#.6 D ,-. /, 7!,872,4. 0, 019,#-!2# $ D = 1, 838*6 L /3

/3#:,"# 0;17<34:, ,. ham $#,- ,7.29,=,4. hav * /3 <3".,"# 3" 0,--"- 0" 019,#-!2#
> /;3=!4. $#,- ,7.29,=,4. > /;393/*& ?3 5!#="/3.2!4 $%&'(3* !-, #!)/@=, 0@-
/!#- A", /, 019,#-!2# 4;,-. 3- 4!B1& C4 ,D,.6 -2 /3 7!., 0, /3 -"#537, /2)#, >
/;393/ ,-. 2451#2,"#, > /3 7!., 0" 019,#-!2#6 /3 5!#="/, $%&'(3* 4;,-. 3- 01E42, F
/, =34",/ 0, #151#,47, 0, G2H, I/!!0 JK%L 4, #172-, 3- 7!==,4. 7, 73- ,-.
.#32.1&
C4.#, /,- 0,"M =!0@/,-6 -,"/- /,- 17<34:,- 0, =3--, -!4. #2- ,4 7!= ., F /3
A"34.2.1 0, =!"9,=,4. -!#.34., 4;1.34. 3- 24.#!0"2., 034- /, =!0@/, 393/& N3#
32//,"#-6 2/ 7!492,4. 0, 4!.,# A", /3 A"34.2.1 0, =!"9,=,4. 3--!721, > /3 =3--,
-!#.34., 0;"4 =!0@/, ,-. 3 #2!#2 7!4-,#91, 034- /, =!0@/,& O,/3 -, .#30"2. 3#
"4, 4!4 7!4-,#93.2!4 0, /3 A"34.2.1 0, =!"9,=,4.6 /, <14!=@4, 1.34. 0;3".34.
/"- 377,4."1 A", /3 <3".,"# 0;,3" 034- /, =!0@/, 0#3241 ,-. 532)/, !" A", /,
4!=)#, 0, I#!"0, ,-. 1/,91&
O!==, !"# /, 7!" /3:, 0,- =!0@/,- OOPCKQ ,. OOPC%Q6 /;".2/2-3.2!4 0,
/!2- 0, 019,#-!2# !"# =!01/2-,# /,- 17<34:,- ,4.#, /,- 0,"M =!0@/,- ,= R7<, /3
#, #1-,4.3.2!4 0,- <14!=@4,- .,/- A", /, 7!"#.S72#7"2. 0, =1340#,&
!"!#!# $%&'(%)*'%+, -* -.)%' /,'(/ 0%1/ 22 /' 0%1/ 2

N!"# /,- T!47.2!4- 0, .B , U-.3403#0 /24HU6 /, 01)2. 0, .#34-5,#. ,4.#, /,- =!S
0@/,- ,-. -!2. 02-.#2)"1 "425!#=1=,4. > .!".,- /,- =32//,- %Q6 -!2. #1 3#.2 ,4.#,
/,- 7,//"/,- ,4 5!47.2!4 0, /3 <3".,"# 0;,3" 3" 01)". 0" 3- 0, .,= -& V2 /;".2S
/2-3.,"# 7<!2-2. "4, #1 3#.2.2!4 ,4 5!47.2!4 0, /3 <3".,"# 0;,3"6 /3 5!#="/3.2!4
!"! #$%&' %& #()#*) +%, % -.
/0123456 6/5 6789:;<6 =

3/2
hi
Qi = Q P
n 3 > !-?@
/2
hi
i=1
#6556 A:B709351:4 6/5 <53C916 64 /088:/345 D06 96 E<C15 /6 B<83B515 64 B6/86F5345
9G<D0351:4 E6 #H<I; =
1/2
Q = SCi /2 Rh > !"J@
1
&4 A31/345 9GH;8:5HK/6 D06 96 F3439 6/5 93BL6 > b ≫ h@M :4 8605 388B:FH6B 96 B3;:4
H;EB3091D06 Rh 83B 93 H30560B EG630 h =
S bh
Rh = ≈ ≈h > !"+@
χ b + 2h
&4 145<LB345 > !"+@ N > !"J@M :4 :C51645 =
Q = bCi /2 h /2 > !" @
1 3
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
)6 734069 E6 B<A<B64F6 E6 O1P6 Q9::E 14E1D06 D06 96 E<C15 Q 8605 R5B6 F:4/1E<B<
F:776 8B:8:B51:4469 N h /2 S F6 D01 6/5 96 F3/ 8:0B 04 B<L176 FB151D06! #6864E345
3
F693 4G6/5 3 8B1:B1 83/ 2B31 /1 93 86456 E0 A:4EM 93 93BL60B 65 96 F:6TF1645 E6 #H<I;
46 /:45 83/ F:4/5345/ /0B 93 I:46 E6 E1/5B1C051:4 E0 E<C15 E6 5B34/A6B5!
U069 D06 /:15 96 5;86 E6 V:4F51:4 6421/3L<M 96 E<C15 EG<FH34L6 6/5 F39F09<
14E<864E377645 E0 83/ E6 5678/ E6 FH3D06 7:EK96! )3 F:4/6B2351:4 E6 93
73//6 8605 46 83/ R5B6 2<B1W<6 D034E 96 2:9076 <FH34L< ><L39 30 8B:E015 E0
E<C15 83B 96 83/ E6 5678/@ 6/5 /08<B160B 30 2:9076 E1/8:41C96 E34/ 96/ 731996/
F:4F6B4<6/ E0 7:EK96 EB314<! &4 6X65M E34/ 04 569 F3/M 96 2:9076 645B345 E34/
96 7:EK96 3239 6/5 /08<B160B N F6901 /:B5345 E0 7:EK96 37:45 S 96 C1934 E6 73//6
L9:C39 /0B 9G64/67C96 E6/ E60Y 7:EK96/ 4G6/5 39:B/ 890/ 2<B1W<! %34/ 93 76/0B6
:Z B164 4G6/5 76451:44< E34/ F6 /64/ E34/ 96 734069 E6 B<A<B64F6 [+ \M 19 6/5
8://1C96 D06 O1P6 Q9::E 46 2<B1W6 83/ 93 F:4/6B2351:4 E6 93 73//6 30 5B326B/
EG046 9131/:4!
!"!" #$%&'()* *
)6 9:L1F169 '$]&^,+% % [+.\M E<269:88< 83B %69A5 _;EB3091F/M 6/5 04 F:E6
E6 F39F09 F:089< +%, %! )3 7<5H:E:9:L16 E6 F:0893L6 6789:;<6 83B ':C6P,+% %
8:0B <53C91B 96/ <D0351:4/ B</:906/ F:4/1EKB6 890/160B/ 2:9076/ E6 F:45B`96 >2:1B
Q1L0B6 !+ @! )3 I:46 N 7:E<91/6B 6/5 /<83B<6 645B6 96 B</630 041E1764/1:4469 65
96 731993L6 F3B5</164 C1E1764/1:4469! )6/ <D0351:4/ E6 D034515< E6 7:0267645
/:45 <53C916/ 65 B</:906/ 14E<864E377645 8:0B 96/ E60Y 7:EK96/! &4 B6234FH6
046 041D06 <D0351:4 E6 73//6 6/5 05191/<6 8:0B FH3D06 731996 E0 7:EK96 C1E1,
764/1:4469 >14F90345 <2645069967645 046 731996 E0 7:EK96 041E1764/1:4469@ =
dVi,j (z)
+ Qk−1/2 − Qk+1/2
dt
+ ∆y qi−1/2 − qi+1/2 + ∆x rj−1/2 − rj+1/2 = 0 > !"-@

2
r j+1/
qi-1/2 qi+1/2
Modèle 2D r j-1/2 Q k+1/2
Modèle 1D Q k-1/2
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
Vi,j i j
h1D Q1D
h2D q2D r2D
Qk−1/2 Qk+1/2
!"! #$%$ &' ()%*$ &'+ %,,*-./'+ %01 2-(03'+ 4565+ ,-0*
('+ #70%$5-6+ /8,'*9-(570'+ :;
!"!# $%&'()*+%& ,%)- (.* '%/.* '%),(0* 123 2
(< =>?@A< B< ?CDE>B>F>GHKLFMG< N&O & <ID PKMIH?<=D MKIIH H?L>AO
DM=D PK< F< =>?@A< B< J>BBH=I B< ACBKHA< F< =>?@A< B)ERL>DESI=D <= J< I<=I LFKI
TM@F<I! (< J>KLFMG< <ID UMJHFHDC LMA F)<?LF>H BBFKDH>= B=I L>KA FBKLFMG< LMA FBSF< N&X F)MLLA>JE< J>=IHIDM=D Y JMFJKF<A
F< ZKQ B< DAM=IU<AD <= J>=IHBCAM=D JEMPK< ?>BSF< J>??< F)K= BO
@FS?< B< *H<?M== Y ACI>KBA< [J>??< J)<ID F< JMI L>KA F< F>GHJH<F \>FU] L<A?<D
B< I)MWAM=JEHA BK JMFJKF <QLFHJHD< B< ^MAHM@F< =CJ<IIMHA< BM=I F< JMI B< 3H_<
4F>>B!
(< J>KLFMG< LA>L>IC BM=I J<DD< DESI< KDHFHI<AM B>=J FM ?V?< ?CDE>B>F>GH<
B< JMFJKF L>KA F)<=I<?@F< BKF<?<=DI! (A?MFHI?< I<AM LMA MHFF<KAI CDM@FH
IKA K= ^>FK?< B< J>=DA`F< LA<=M=D <= J>?LD< F)CJ>KF<?<=D K=H <D F)CJ>KF<?<=D
@HBH?<=IH>==<F [J>??< J)<ID F< JMI L>KA F< F>GHJH<F +>@<_ N& &]! 0=< MLLA>JE<
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
MKQ ^>FK?=D JMFJKFCI LMA FM ACI>FKDH>= B)K= LA>@FS?< B< *H<?M== a F)CDMD B<
F)MAD B< J<DD< MLLA>JE< <ID BCDMHFFC Y FM I<JDH>= !"!N!
!" #$%$ &' ()%*$ &'+ %,,*-./'+ %01 2-(03'+ 456+

,-0* ('+ 780%$6-5+ /9,'*:-(680'+
()KDHFHIMDH>= B)K=< ?CDE>B< MKQ ^>FK?KA ACI>KBA< BFHPKHI B< J>=I<A^MDH>= M CDC LA>L>IC< <= Nb"b LMA c>BK=>^ d e!
(< BCDMHF B< FM ?CDE>B< <D B=I MII>JHCH=IX F=D LACI<=DC=I B< J>=I<A^MDH>= [B< FM ?MII< <D B< FM PKM=DHDC B< ?>K^<?<=D BM=I F<
JMI B=I B< +MH=DO2<=M=D] L>KA K= ^>FK?< B< J>=DA`F<X >= L<KD ?>=DA<A
PK< F< IRIDS?< ERL<A@>FHPK< Y ACI>KBA< <ID B< FM U>A?< d" e g
∂U −
→−
ˆ ˆ
F .→

dΩ + n dΓ = S [ !ff]
Ω ∂t Γ
−
→
>h UX F <D S A<LACI<=D<=D A<IL<JDH^<?<=D F< ^<JD<KA B=I<A^C<IX F<
^<JD<KA BKAJ<X − →
n A<LACI<=D<
F< ^<JD<KA =>A?MF [I>ADM=D] Y F)H=D<AUMJ<X Ω FM IKAUMJ< <= LFM= BK ^>FK?< B<
J>=DA`F< <D Γ FM F>=GK<KA BK J>=D>KA BK ^>FK?< B< J>=DA`F<! ()<ILMJ< ?>BCFHIC <ID
BHIJACDHIC <= ^>FK?K ?MHFFAI
B< FM J>=IDAKJDH>= BK ?>BSF<! .<DD< BHIJACDHIMDH>= A<ID< GC=CAMF<?<=D J>=IDM=D<
D>KD MK F>=G BK JMFJKF! ()CPKMDH>= [ !ff] <ID H=DCGAC< IKA JEMPK< ?MHFF< B< JMFJKF
<D F=D ACCJAHDI BM=I F< ACUCA<=DH<F MII>JHC Y F)H=D<AUMJ< [^>HA 4HGKA< !N:]!
()CPKMDH>= BHIJACDHIC< I)CJAHD MF>AI g
! "#$%&'() *+ ,'-.) /&/0&12($%#&3-)
Cellule j
G Fi,j
Cellule i
α
Li,j
F
n
y
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!"#$% *+4 5 6789:; <= >?@A7@>= ?9D=AI= C; DB?J;7= =A >C;A <= C; :;@CC= <= 7;C7BC iQ Uni =DI C; :OR=AA=
<= U DB? C; :;@CC= G CH@ADI;AI nQ ∆t =DI C= >;D <= I=:>DQ Pi,j =DI C; :;I?@7=
n+1/2
<= 78;AS=:=AI <= ?9J9?=AI@=CQ Fi,j =DI C; :OR=AA= ;D <=
I=:>D n =I n + 1Q Li,j =DI C; COASB=B? <=
n+1/2
CH@AI=?J;7= =AI?= C=D :;@CC=D i =I j Q =I Si,j ?=>?9D=AI= C; 7OAI?@TBI@OA G C;
i
n+1/2
:;@CC= i ;? C; ?9DOCBI@OA <HBA >?OTCU:= <= (@=:;AA G CH@AI=?J;7= =AI?= C=D :;@CC=D
<= 7;C7BCQ <;AD C; <@?=7I@OA AO?:;C= G CH@AI=?J;7=+ "=II= ;>>?O78= >?9D=AI= AOV
I;::=AI C=D ;W;AI;S=D <= I?;@I=? <= C; :X:= :;A@U?= C=D 7;D OP C= >?OYC <= C;
DOCBI@OA =DI 7OAI@AB =I 7=BF OP @C =DI <@D7OAI@AB KA= A97=DD@I;AI >;? 7OAD9ZB=AI
>;D <H;>>?O78=D >;?I@7BC@U?=D >OB? C=D 78O7D OB C=D <@D7OAI@AB@I9D <= 7OAI;7IN =I
<= S;?;AI@? C= 7;?;7IU?= 7OAD=?W;I@J <=D 9ZB;I@OAD ;BF <9?@W9=D >;?I@=CC=D ?9DOV
CB=D [*\]+
!"! #$%$ &' ()%*$ &'+ %,,*-./'+ %01 2-(03'+ 4565+ ,-0*
('+ #70%$5-6+ /8,'*9-(570'+ :;
!"!# $% &'()*+,% -% ./%,011

0< =>?@ABCD ED *FDCG<< HD EIJ<FK =G> AG L?C@F<GFH?< E)M<D INMGKF?< GMO
EI>FPIDH =G>KFDAADH DK E)M<D L?<EFKF?< F<FKFGAD L?<HKG<KD =G> C?>LDGMO Q:RS T
∂U ∂F
+ =S U !VWGX
∂t ∂x
=?M> x < x0

UL
U (x; 0) = U !VW@X
UR =?M> x > x0
?Y UL DK UR H?<K ADH IKGKH ZGML[D DK E>?FK EM =>?@ABCD ED *FDCG<<! %MLM<D
L?<EFKF?< GMO AFCFKDH <)F<KD>PFD<K EG<H AG EIJ<FKF??@ABCD \ ADH P?AMCDH
IKG<K FC=AFLFKDCD<K HM==?HIH F<J<FH! (G >IH?AMKF?< E)M< KDA =>?@ABCD =GHHD =G>
=AMHFDM>H IKG=DH HMLLDHHFPDH!
]! (D =>?JA ED AG PG>FG@AD HM> L[GNMD LDAAMAD DHK >DL?<HKFKMI ^ =G>KF> EDH PGADM>H
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
L?<KD<MDH EG<H ADH LDAAMADH P?FHF<DH \ AG PGADM> C?_D<<D HM> AG LDAAMAD IKG<K
K?MKD`?FH L?<HD>PID! (G >DL?<HK>MLKF??JA DHK >IGAFHID ^ =G>KF> E)M<D
`?<LKF?< EIKD>CF<ID =AMH ?M C?F<H L?C=ADOD UMKFAFHG<K IPD<KMDAADCD<K AG
PGADM> ED AG PG>FG@AD EG<H ADH LDAAMADH P?FHF<DHX! %=>BH >DL?<HK>MLKF?< ED
AG PG>FG@AD HM> L[GNMD LDAAMADa AD =>?JA ED LDKKD ED><FB>D <)DHK =AMH <ILDHb
HGF>DCD<K L?<HKG<K =G> C?>LDGMO! (D =>?@ABCD ED *FDCG<< DHK GA?>H EFK
cdIGAFHIc U,*dX!
! (DH =>?@ABCDH ED *FDCG<< dIGAFHIH <)GECDKKD<K ZIGADCD<K =GH ED
H?AMKF?< G<GA_KFNMD! (G >IH?AMKF?D `GFKD =G>
M<D CIK[?ED ED K_=D =>IEFLKDM>bL?>>DLKDM> <ILDHHFKG<K =AMHFDM>H IKG=DH \
AG CIK[?ED ED 30+.(b/G<L?Lf QWVS D< DHK M< DODC=AD! 5A DHK IZGADCD<K
=?HHF@AD ED K>G<H`?>CD> AD =>?@ABCD ED *FDCG<< ZIGAFHI D< M< =>?@ABCD
ED *FDCG<< INMFPGAD<K NMF GECDK =G> EIJ<FKF?< AG CeCD H?AMKF?< NMD AD
=>?@ABCD E)?>FZF<D GM E>?FK ED AG EFHL?<KF<MFKI F<FKFGAD =D<EG<K M<D EM>ID
E?<<ID Q WSa Q";S! (G >IH?AMKF??@ABCD ED *FDCG<< INMFPGAD<K DHK
NMG<K ^ DAAD `GFKD D< M<D HDMAD IKG=D \ AG CIK[?ED =>?=?HID =G> +GPFL g
3?AA_ D< DHK M< DODC=AD Q"RS! &G<H K?MH ADH LGHa AG >IH?AMKF??@ABCD
ED *FDCG<< UZIGAFHI ?M INMFPGAD<KX =D>CDK ED LGALMAD> ADH hMO GMO
F<KD>`GLDH ED L[GNMD CGFAAD ED LGALMA!
:! (DH hMO GMO F<KD>`GLDH =D>CDKKD<K ED EIKD>CF<D> AG PGADM> ED AG PG>FG@AD
GM <?MPDGM =GH ED KDC=H!
V! (DH IPD<KMDAH KD>CDH H?M>LD H?<K D<HMFKD F<KIZ>IH!
()DHKFCGKF?< EDH hMO ^ A)F<KD>`GLD D<K>D EDMO CGFAADH ED LGALMA DHK >IGAFHID =G> AD
@FGFH E)M< H?APDM> ED *FDCG<<!
!"! $%2 2(*3%4'2 -% ./%,011

9FD< NMD AG H?AMKF?< DOGLKD EM =>?@ABCD ED *FDCG<< INMFPGAD<K =MFHHD eK>D
LGALMAID =G> AD @FGFH E)M< H?APDM> DOGLKa ADH L?iKH D< KDC=H ED LGALMA ?<K L?<EMFK ^
! "#$%&'() *+ ,'-.) /&/0&12($%#&3-)
45678489:78;< => 9;4?>6@9 => (8>A:<< :BB@;CDE9 C:4C64:<7 6<> 9;4678;< :BB@;CDE>
A:89 <E:<A;8<9 F:G4>+ ">9 9;4?>6@9 :BB@;CDE9 B>6?><7 H7@> 9EB:@E9 >< =>6I
C:7EJ;@8>9 K C>6I L68 @E9;4?><7 6< B@;G4MA> => (8>A:<< 98AB48FE => A:<8M@>
>I:C7> >7 C>6I L68 @E9;4?><7 4> B@;G4MA> >I:C7 => A:<8M@> 98AB48FE>+
!"! !# $%&'()*+ ,-&,)&-./ &- +%&)/0%. (1-,/( 23). 4*%5&67( 2( 80(9

7-.. +074&0:;
0> 9;4?>6@ => (;> NO P >97 456< =>9 9;4?>6@9 4>9 B469 @EB:<=69+ %@;B;9E ><
QRSQT 84 >97 G:9E 96@ 45DUB;7DM9> L6> 4: A:7@8C> V:C;G8><<> >97 C;<97:<7>+ 0: AEW
7D;=> => C:4C64 => 4: A:7@8C> V:C;G8><<> >< X;<C78;< =>9 E7:79 J:6CD> >7 =@;87 =6
B@;G4MA> => (8>A:<67 ?:@8>@ 968?:<7 4>9 ?>@98;<9 =6 9;4?>6@ Y 4>9 C;<=878;<9
=> C;<9897:<C> >7 => C;<9>@?:78;< =;8?><7 <E:<A;8<9 H7@> ?E@8FE>9+ 0> C:4C64 =>
4: A:7@8C> V:C;G8><<> @>97:<7 C;AB4>I>T 6< :4J;@87DA> L68 B>@A>7 4: @E9;4678;<
=6 B@;G4MA> => (8>A:<< 9:<9 :?;8@ Z C:4C64>@ 458<7EJ@:487E => C>77> =>@<8M@> : E7E
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
B@;B;9E B:@ NO[P+ 05>978A:78;< =6 \6I Z 7@:?>@9 4: =89C;<78<687E 8<878:4> >97 7;6W
7>X;89 8AB;998G4> L6:<= C>44>WC8 9> 9876> =:<9 6<> ;<=> => @:@EX:C78;<+ )< >]>7T 4:
AE7D;=> => @E9;4678;< B@;B;9E> B:@ (;> X:87 45DUB;7DM9> 8AB48C87> L6> 7;67>9 4>9
;<=>9 9;<7 =>9 =89C;<78<687E9 C> L68 <5>97 B:9 4> C:9 =>9 ;<=>9 => @:@EX:C78;< N^ P+
.:<9 => 7>49 C:9T 4: C;<=878;< =5><7@;B8> <5>97 B469 ?E@8FE>+ %4698>6@9 AE7D;=>9
_:BB>4E>9 !"#$%& '( ` B>@A>77:<7 => @E9;6=@> C> B@;G4MA> _N*RPT NO[PT NO^P` ;<7
E7E C87E>9 B:@ N^ P L68 : EJ:4>A><7 B@;B;9E 4: 98><<>+
-78489:<7 45:BB@;CD> =6 9;4?>6@ => (;>T 4> 9;4?>6@ %a(b _ )#*+*"*, -.#*./0
1* +.!! 2$0, # ` 48<E:@89> 4> 9U97MA> =5EL6:78;<9 >< 96BB;9:<7 L6> 4: A:7@8C>
V:C;G8><<> >97 C;<97:<7> N^ P+ ';67>X;89T 4: @>4:78;< => 9:67 => (:<c8<>W#6J;<8;7
>97 678489E> Z 7@:?>@9 CD:L6> ;<=> B;6@ =E7>@A8<>@ 4: ?:4>6@ => 4: ?:@8:G4> ><7@>
CD:C6<> => C>9 ;<=>9+ ";<<:899:<7 4: ?:4>6@ => 4: ?:@8:G4> :6 =@;87 => 4: =89W
C;<78<687E 8<878:4>T 4> C:4C64 =6 \6I Z 7@:?>@9 C>77> 8<7>@X:C> >97 :4;@9 :89E+ -<>
AE7D;=> :47>@<:78?> B;6@ 7@:87>@ CD:L6> ;<=> >97 =5678489>@ 45EL6:78;< =>9 8<?:W
@8:<79 => (8>A:<<+
0>9 9;4?>6@9 => (8>A:<< :BB@;CDE9 _C;AA> G>:6C;6B =5:67@>9` <> B>@A>7W
7:<7 B:9 =5>978A>@ C;@@>C7>A><7 4>9 \6I >< B@E9><C> => X;@7 J@:=8><7 => 4:
?:@8:G4> C;<98=E@E> Y 84 : E7E B@;B;9E =5>AB4;U>@ 6< 34.%"*, 1* +.!! 5$0, #
@E6<899:<7 6< 9;4?>6@ :BB@;CDE =:<9 4>9 d;<>9 ;e 4>9 J@:=8><79 @>97><7 X:8G4>9
>7 6< 9;4?>6@ B469 C;AB4>I> _>7 B469 >fC:C> >< B@E9><C> => X;@79 J@:=8><79`
B:@7;67 :844>6@9+ 056<> =>9 B@>A8M@>9 8AB4EA><7:78;<9 =56< 34.%"*, 1* +.!!
5$0, # @E6<899:87 6< 9;4?>6@ %a(b >7 6< 9;4?>6@ >I:C7 N^*P+ "> 9;4?>6@ : EJ:4>W
A><7 E7E :=:B7E B;6@ 6< 9CDEA: g-b"0 NOhP+
!"! ! $%&'()*+ ,-&,)&-./ ).( +%&)/0%. -44*%,<;( 2) 4*%5&67( 2(

80(7-.. (1-,/
%@;B;9E B:@ #:@7><T 0:I >7 a:<W0>>@ Nh!PT 4> 9;4?>6@ #00 >97 456< =>9 B469
678489E9 => C>6I L68 @E9;4?><7 4> B@;G4MA> => (8>A:<< >I:C7 B:@ 4> G8:89 =5EL6:W
78;<9 98AB48FE>9+ "> 9;4?>6@ 9> G:9> 96@ 45DUB;7DM9> L6> =>6I ;<=>9 9EB:@><7
!"! #$%$ &' ()%*$ &'+ %,,*-./'+ %01 2-(03'+ 4565+ ,-0*
('+ #70%$5-6+ /8,'*9-(570'+ :;
<=>?@ A>BC@ D)E<F< G>B@<FB< H IF GEIE=?<E DC@ >BDC@ E<FB< C@<?JEC F K=?>=?! (C@ LMN
O <=FPC=@ GQFRMC D?@G>B<?BM?<E @>B< C@<?JE@ O KF=<?= DC@ =CIF<?>B@ DC *FBS?BCT
/MU>B?><! ()?B<E=V< KF=<?GMI?C= DM @>IPCM= /(( F E<E @>MI?UBE KF= W XY Z IC @>IPCM=
KCM< V<=C M<?I?@E K>M= B)?JK>=<C RMCI @[@<\JC Q[KC=]>I?RMC DC I>?@ DC G>B@C=PFT
<?>B C< GC^ RMCIIC RMC @>?< @F D?JCB@?>B! (C@ D?@G>B<?BM?<E@ DC G>B<FG< @C DEKIF_FB<
O MBC P?<C@@C D?È=CB<C DC@ FM<=C@ >BDC@^ IC@ U=FD?CB<@ @C =C<=>MPCB< I?@@E@ K>M= IC@
@[@<\JC@ Q[KC=]>I?RMC@ DC <F?IIC 3 × 3! +M= IC@ ]F@C@ DM @>IPCM=@ /((^ IC @>IPCM=
/((. Wa"Y bF?< I)Q[K><Q\@C DC <=>?@ >BDC@ @EKF=FB< DCMN A>BC@ D)E<F< G>B@<FB<
DC@ E<F<@ UFMGQC C< D=>?< DM K=>]I\JC DC *?CJFBB! (C@ K=>]I\JC@ DC D?`M@?>B
BMJE=?RMC >B< EUFICJCB< E<E =EDM?<@ KF= I)FJEI?>=F<?>B DM G>JK>=<CJCB< DM
@>IPCM= FM B?PCFM DC@ D?@G>B<?BM?<E@!
-@QC= C< +>I>J>B W:cY K=>K>@CB< DC @EKF=C= IF JF<=?GC dFG>]?CBBC CB DCMN
JF<=?GC@ G>B<CBFB< =C@KCG<?PCJCB< IC@ PFICM=@ K=>K=C@ K>@?<?PC@ C< BEUF<?PC@ KM?@
DC GFIGMIC= IC@ LMN CB @>JJFB< IC@ LMN =E@MI<FB< DC GQFGMBC DC@ JF<=?GC@! 5I C@<
F?B@? K>@@?]IC D)E<F]I?= <=>?@ =CIF<?>B@ D?È=CB<C@ K>M= C@<?JC= IC@ LMN O I)?B<C=bFGC
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
?JKI?RMFB< IC GFIGMI D)MBC ?B<EU=FIC H IF @EICG<?>B @C bF?< CB b>BG<?>B DC IF bFG?I?<E

D)C@<?JF<?>B DC GC<<C DC=B?\=C!
()M<?I?@F<?>B DC@ @>IPCM=@ DC *?CJFBB B)E<FB< KF@ I?J?<EC O MB D>JF?BC KF=T
<?GMI?C=^ (?BDC F K=>K>@E MB @>IPCM= ?BDEKCBDFB< DC <>M<C =CIF<?>B KQ[@?RMC W::Y!
.C @>IPCM= M<?I?@C IF G>BeUM=F<?>B D)>BDC@ K=>K>@EC K>M= IC @>IPCM= /((. f<=>?@
>BDC@ @EKF=FB< DCMN A>BC@ ?B<C=JED?F?=C@ D)E<F< G>B@<FB< DC@ E<F<@ UFMGQC C<
D=>?< DM K=>]I\JC DC *?CJFBBg! (C@ LMN O <=FPC=@ IC@ D?@G>B<?BM?<E@ hCN<E=?CM=C@h
fI?EC@ O I)E<F< UFMGQC >M D=>?<g @>B< GFIGMIE@ CB M<?I?@FB< IF =CIF<?>B DC *FBS?BCT
/MU>B?>< H GCMN O <=FPC=@ IF D?@G>B<?BM?<E GCB<=FIC @>B< C@<?JE@ CB M<?I?@FB< MBC
=CIF<?>B QCM=?@<?RMC!
!"! !# $%&'()*+ ,-./0/+ 011*%23.+

(C@ @>IPCM=@ K=E@CB<E@ K=EGEDCJJCB< DE<C=J?BCB< IF G>BeUM=F<?>B D)>BDC
FeB DC K>MP>?= M<?I?@C= IF =CIF<?>B FKK=>K=?EC O <=FPC=@ GQFRMC D?@G>B<?BM?<E! %
G>B<=F=?>^ IC@ @>IPCM=@ D)E<F<@ FKK=>GQE@ BC DE<C=J?BCB< KF@ GC<<C G>BeUM=F<?>B
D)>BDC DFB@ IF JC@M=C >i IC@ =CIF<?>B@ M<?I?@EC@ K>M= IC@ GQ>G@ BC D?`\=CB< DC@
=CIF<?>B@ K>M= IC@ >BDC@ DC =F=EbFG<?>B RMC KF= MB <C=JC DC <=>?@?\JC >=D=C KF=
=FKK>=< O IF PF=?F]IC G>B@C=PEC WjcY! (C@ JVJC@ =CIF<?>B@ @>B< D>BG M<?I?@EC@
?BDEKCBDFJJCB< K>M= IC@ GQ>G@ C< IC@ >BDC@ DC =F=EbFG<?>B Z @? IC@ >BDC@ @>B<
@MKK>@EC@ V<=C <>M<C@ DC@ GQ>G@^ IF =CIF<?>B DC *FBS?BCT/MU>B?>< C@< CJKI>[EC
<FBD?@ RMC IC@ ?BPF=?FB<@ DC *?CJFBB UEBE=FI?@E@ @>B< CJKI>[E@ @? <>M<C@ IC@
>BDC@ @>B< G>B@?DE=EC@ G>JJC E<FB< DC@ >BDC@ DC =F=EbFG<?>B! ()Q[K><Q\@C DC
DCMN GQ>G@ F E<E M<?I?@EC K>M= E<F]I?= MB @>IPCM= K>M= IC@ ERMF<?>B@ D)'MIC=
@M= IF D[BFJ?RMC DC@ UFA WkY^ W;aY! (C@ @>IPCM=@ D)E<F<@ FKK=>GQE@ ]F@E@ @M=
I)Q[K><Q\@C DC DCMN >BDC@ DC =F=EbFG<?>B >B<FJJCB< E<E DEPCI>KKE@ K>M=
IC@ ERMF<?>B@ DC@ G>MK@ DC ]EI?C= W :Y^ K>M= DEG=?=C IC@ EG>MICJCB<@ D?KQF@?RMC@
CB G>BDM?<C W "Y^ K>M= IF K=>KFUF<?>B D)>BDC DC GQ>G DFB@ IC@ I?RM?DC@ Wj"Y^ K>M=
IC@ ERMF<?>B@ DC +F?B<T2CBFB< CB DCMN D?JCB@?>B@ W: Y >M K>M= IC@ ERMF<?>B@
D)'MIC= @M= IF D[BFJ?RMC DC@ UFA WajY!
! "#$%&'() !* +',-) .&./&01($%#&2,)
/34 45673894 :3 (;3<=>> <3>?;5>>@4 A9@B@:3<<3>? 45>? A589 6= A68A=9?

B5>C84 A589 9@458:93 :34 4D4?E<34 FDA39G56;H834 :3 65;4 :3 B5>4397=?;5> 4=>4
?39<3 4589B3*
!"!# $%&'( () *+,-.( /(' .(%,(' '+0%*(

/= 9@4568?;5> :34 @H8=?;5>4 :3 I=;>?JK3>=>? 489 L5>: A3>?8 3?M58 =73B A595J
4;?@ 3> 8?;6;4=>? :34 45673894 :3 (;3<=>> A38? N@>@939 :34 ;>4?=G;6;?@4* /= A9;43
3> B5<A?3 :3 B34 ?39<34 4589B3 @?=>? 5G6;N=?5;93 A589 :@B9;93 :3 <=>;E93 4=?;4J
L=;4=>?3 634 B=4 <5:@6;4@4O A684;3894 ?3BF>;H834 5>? @?@ A95A54@34 A589 A5875;9
A93>:93 3> B5<A?3 6389 ;>P83>B3* %=9<; B34 ?3BF>;H834 ;6 B5>7;3>? :3 :;4?;>N839
:Q8>3 A=9? B36634 H8; 4@A=93>? 634 AF@>5<E>34 A9;4 3> B5<A?3 A=9 63 4D4?E<3
F5<5NE>3 :3 B38R 93A9@43>?@4 A=9 634 ?39<34 4589B3 3? :Q=8?93 A=9? B36634 H8;
B58A63>? B34 AF@>5<E>34 ST U* /34 A93<;E934 45>? :34 <@?F5:34 :3 !"# $%&! !'(
?=>:;4 H83 634 43B5>:34 B59934A5>:3>? V :34 )#&&*+,&,'-#. $-/#"#$ *
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!"!#!$ %&'()*+ *+, -., /0.1'2)33.20+, 4)5 !"# $%&! !'( 6
/Q=AA95BF3 ;>;?;=63 :8 !"# $%&! !'( B5>4;4?3 V 9@458:93 63 4D4?E<3 :Q@H8=J

?;5>4 FDA39G56;H83 4=>4 ?39<3 4589B3 WB59934A5>:=>? V 6= A=9?;3 B5>4397=?;73
:34 @H8=?;5>4X A8;4 V B599;N39 63 9@486?=? ;>?39<@:;=;93 5G?3>8 3> A93>=>? 3>
B5<A?3 6Q;>P83>B3 :34 ?39<34 4589B3 A=9 63 G;=;4 :Q8>3 @H8=?;5> :;Y@93>?;3663
59:;>=;93 489 63 ?3<A4 S!TU* &6 34? A544;G63 :Q=8N<3>?39 6= A9@B;4;5> :3 6= <@J
?F5:3 3> =AA6;H8=>? 634 ?39<34 4589B3 :3 <=>;E93 A95N9344;73* &6 34? A=9 3R3<A63
A544;G63 :Q=AA6;H839 634 ?39<34 4589B3 489 6= A93<;E93 <5;?;@ :8 A=4 :3 ?3<A4O
:3 9@458:93 489 6Q3>43<G63 :8 A=4 :3 ?3<A4 6= A=9?;3 B5>4397=?;73 :34 @H8=?;5>4
A8;4 :Q=AA6;H839 634 ?39<34 4589B3 489 6= 43B5>:3 <5;?;@ :8 A=4 :3 ?3<A4*
"5<<3 6Q= 4586;N>@ /3K3H83 S ZUO B3??3 <@?F5:3 34? 936=?;73<3>? [=G63 :=>4
6= <34893 5\ 634 =AA95R;<=?;5>4 9@=6;4@34 45>? N@>@9=63<3>? >@N6;N3=G634 A=9
9=AA59? =8R =8?934 ?39<34* ]@=><5;>4 H8=>: 6= 4568?;5> 4Q=AA95BF3 :8 9@N;<3
A39<=>3>?O 6= 9@486?=>?3 :34 ?39<34 4589B3 :5;? B5<A3>439 3R=B?3<3>? 6= 7=J
9;=?;5> :8 P8R* /34 L=;G634 ;<A9@B;4;5>4 3<A^BF3>? N@>@9=63<3>? :3 7@9;[39 634
B5>:;?;5>4 :Q@H8;6;G93* /34 4BF@<=4 >8<@9;H834 H8; 7@9;[3>? ;>B5>:;?;5>>3663J
<3>? 634 B5>:;?;5>4 :Q@H8;6;G93 45>? >5<<@4 :34 )#&&*+,&,'-#. $-/#"#$ *
!"!#! 71(&8., &952:2;0+ 4)5 )#&&*+,&,'-#. $-/#"#$ 6
/Q=6N59;?F<3 01,$!*2 #,.3 4,5#*678%,(, !8' A95A54@ A=9 /3K3H83 S ZU A39J

<3? :3 4Q=Y9=>BF;9 :34 ;>B5>7@>;3>?4 :3 6= <@?F5:3 :8 !"# $%&! !'(* I89 BF=H83
<=;663 :3 B=6B86O 8> >5873=8 A95G6E<3 :3 (;3<=>> 34? B9@@ =8 B3>?93 :3 6= B366863
3? :5>? 6= 4568?;5> B5<A3>43 3R=B?3<3>? 634 ?39<34 4589B3* /3 >5873=8 A95G6E<3
:3 (;3<=>> 4@A=93 7;9?83663<3>? 6= B366863 3> :38R A=9?;34 ?58? 3> 7@9;[=>? H83
634 G;6=>4 45;3>? 934A3B?@4* %589 63 B=6B86 :34 P8R V ?9=7394 6Q;>?39L=B3 :3 6= B36J
6863O 63 A95G6E<3 :3 (;3<=>> 34? 9@4568 B6=44;H83<3>? 3> 8?;6;4=>? B5<<3 @?=?4
N=8BF3 3? :95;? 634 @?=?4 <5:;[@4 A=9 6= A9;43 3> B5<A?3 :34 ?39<34 4589B3*
!"! #$%$ &' ()%*$ &'+ %,,*-./'+ %01 2-(03'+ 4565+ ,-0*
('+ #70%$5-6+ /8,'*9-(570'+ :;
,<=>? @AB !""#$%"%&'!( )'*!+!) C @< >DEFGHA HI ),-.'! /!.+ -0 1&(1&2C ?JK
E=GHI?EA L<= *GA M""NC OGJB?BEA P EAJ?= OG>LEA HA @)?JQIAJOA HI EA=>A BGI=OA BI=
@AB OA@@I@AB RG?B?JAB HA @< ><?@@A HA O<@OI@ OGJB?HD=DA! (< >DEFGHA HDO=?EA IE?@?BA
IJ BOFD>< HA 'I@A= ASL@?O?EA AE @AB ><?@@AB RG?B?JAB GJE @< >T>A ?JQIAJOA! .AEEA
>DEFGHA < DED <H<LEDA LGI= UGJOE?GJJA= <RAO IJ BOFD>< HA VGHIJGRC @< LGJHDK
=<E?GJ HAB EA=>AB BGI=OAB BI= OF<WIA OA@@I@A BA U<?B<JE L=GLG=E?GJJA@@A>AJE <IS
OD@D=?EDB H)GJHAB XM"N AE M:NY!
&<JB @A OAJEB P BI=U<OA @?Z=AC ?@ ABE LGBB?Z@A H)?JED[=A= IJA
L<=E?A HAB EA=>AB BGI=OA LB \ @)?JED[=<E?GJ HA @< EGLG[=<LF?A
< JGE<>>AJE DED E=<?EDA L<= M ;N! (A JGIRAA HA *?A><JJ ABE <@G=B
=DBG@I HA ><J?]=A AS<OEA M ;NC M N GI L<= HAB BG@RAI=B <LL=GOFDB M ^N!
(AB B_BE]>AB H)DWI<E?GJB F_LA=ZG@?WIAB ?JO@IAJE [DJD=<@A>AJE L@IB?AI=B E_LAB
HA EA=>A BGI=OA! .F<OIJ H)AJE=A AIS <_<JE IJA B?[J?Ò<E?GJ LF_B?WIA H?aD=AJEAC
@AB <LL=GS?><E?GJB U<?EAB L<= @AB H?aD=AJEAB >DEFGHAB HA O<@OI@ ?JED[=<JE @AB
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
EA=>AB BGI=OA LAIRAJE TE=A P @)G=?[?JA HA L@IB GI >G?JB H)?>L=DO?B?GJ BI?R<JE @A

EA=>A BGI=OA OGJB?HD=D! ,GI= B)<a=<JOF?= HA OA L=GZ@]>AC ?@ ABE LGBB?Z@A H)IE?K
@?BA= IJA >DEFGHA H?aD=AJEA LGI= OF<WIA EA=>A BGI=OA! .A@< BA U<?E EGIEAUG?B
AJE HA @< B?>L@?O?ED HA @< >DEFGHG@G[?A AE HI EA>LB HA =DBG@IE?GJ HAB
DWI<E?GJB :! !
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!"#$%&' (
!"#$%&'(%!) *!+,$#- ./01/
!""#$%&
!" #$%&'()*)+,( -. /,(/'0) -' /,.01*2' ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 34
!5 670,)89&'& ') )'$:+(,1,2+' ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 3;
! <=.*)+,(& -' 0$,0*2*)+,( ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! >"
! !" #$%&' () *&++) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ,"
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
! !- #$%&' () ./&'0$01 () *2/3)*)'0 (&'+ %& ($4)50$2' Ox ! ! ! ! ,

! ! #$%&' () ./&'0$01 () *2/3)*)'0 (&'+ %& ($4)50$2' Oy ! ! ! ! ,6
! !6 #$%&' ()+ 7245)+ &88%$./1)+ &/ 9/$() ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ,6
! !6!" :1+/%0&'0) () %& 7245) );)451) 8&4 %) 82$(+ ! ! ! ! ! ,6
! !6!- :1+/%0&'0) () %& 41&50$2' (/ 72'( ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ,,
! !6! :1+/%0&'0) () %& 7245) () 74200)*)'0 +/4 %) 72'( ! ! ! ,,
! !6!6 :1+/%0&'0) ()+ 7245)+ () 84)++$2' ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ,<
! !6!, :1+/%0&'0) ()+ 7245)+ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ,=
! !, >./&0$2'+ +2/+ 724*) $'01?4&%) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ,=
! !< @18&4&0$2' ()+ 1./&0$2'+ "A )0 -A ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ,B
! != >./&0$2'+ +2/+ 724*) ($C14)'0$)%%) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ,D
! !=!" >./&0$2'+ "A ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ,D
! !=!- >./&0$2'+ -A ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! <-
!3 ?%%/$+).$' -'& &7&)9:'& -@%=.*)+,(& -*(& 1' $%A%$'()+'1 -'
1@+()'$A*/' ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! B>
!
! "#$%&'() *+ ,-./0&1$'&-2 "-3%0/) 4.56.
!"#$% &%'$(#)*#+!
1D 78 9:;;<9=:>= ? @ABC<D@8E8>= D>FGFE8>7F<>>8@
2D 78 9:;;<9=:>= ? @ABC<D@8E8>= HFGFE8>7F<>>8@
i 78 9:;;<9=:>= ? @AB@BE8>= G8 C:@CD@ IE:F@@8 :D ><8DGJ > i
i,j 78 9:;;<9=:>= ? @AF>=89K:C8 8>=98 @87 B@BE8>=7 G8 C:@CD@ > i 8= > j
0F7=8 G87 F>GFC87
,-./+0% &%'$(#)*#+! 1!#*2

Ai 1D9K:C8 8> ;@:> G8 @: E:F@@8 > i m2
b 0:9L8D9 :D EF9<F9 G8 @ABC<D@8E8>= m
Cr 2<EH98 G8 "<D9:>= ∅
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
F M8C=8D9 NDO G:>7 @: GF98C=F<> Ox

M8C=8D9 NDO G:>7 @: GF98C=F<> Ox
′ ′
F
M8C=8D9 NDO G:>7 @: GF98C=F<> ><9E:@8 ? @AF>=89K:C8
′′
F
FQ P@DO G8 QD:>=F=B G8 E<DR8E8>= ? =9:R897 @AF>=89K:C8 kg m s−1
Ff,x S Ff,y "<E;<7:>=87 G8 @: K<9C8 G8 K9<==8E8>= 7D9 @8 K<>G kg m s−2
FM P@DO G8 E:=FT98 ? =9:R897 @AF>=89K:C8 GD R<@DE8 G8 C<>=9U@8 kg
Fp P<9C8 G8 ;9877F<> :;;@FQDB8 :D R<@DE8 G8 C<>=9U@8 kg m s−2
Fp,x S Fp,y "<E;<7:>=87 G8 @: K<9C8 G8 ;9877F<> kg m s−2
Fx S Fy "<E;<7:>=87 GD R8C=8D9 K<9C8 :;;@FQDB :D NDFG8 kg m s−2
G M8C=8D9 NDO G:>7 @: GF98C=F<> Oy
g $CCB@B9:=F<> L9:RF=:=F<>>8@@8 m s−2
h #:D=8D9 GA8:D m
Kx S Ky "<8VCF8>= G8 1=9FCW@89 m1/3 s−1
Li,j 0<>LD8D9 G8 @AF>=89K:C8 8>=98 @87 E:F@@87 G8 C:@CD@ > i 8= j m
Mx XD:>=F=B G8 E<DR8E8>= G:>7 @: GF98C=F<> Ox kg m s−1
m ,:778 GA8:D kg
−
→n M8C=8D9 7<9=:>= ><9E:@ ? @AF>=89K:C8 ∅
nx S ny "<E;<7:>=87 GD R8C=8D9 − →
n ∅
−
n→ −
→
x S ny M8C=8D97 D>F=:F987 G:>7 @87 GF98C=F<>7 Ox 8= Oy ∅
Pr ,:=9FC8 G87 =89E87 G8 ;9877F<>7 :;;@FQDB7 @8 @<>L G87
F>=89K:C87 F>=B9F8D987
Pi,j ,:=9FC8 G8 ;:77:L8 GD 9BKB98>=F8@ L@<H:@ :D 9BKB98>=F8@
:==:CYB ? @AF>=89K:C8 8>=98 @87 C8@@D@87 > i 8= j
P %<FG7 GD R<@DE8 G8 C<>=9U@8 kg m s−2
q .BHF= D>F=:F98 G:>7 @: GF98C=F<> Ox m2 s−1
.BHF= D>F=:F98 7DFR:>= @: ;98EFT98 GF98C=F<> GD 9BKB98>=F8@
′′
q m2 s−1
:77<CFB ? @AF>=89K:C8
Rf,x S Rf,y "<E;<7:>=87 G8 @: 9B:C=F<> GD K<>G kg m s−2
Rh,x S Rh,y (:Z<>7 YZG9:D@FQD87 G8 @ABC<D@8E8>= m
r .BHF= D>F=:F98 G:>7 @: GF98C=F<> Oy m2 s−1
.BHF= D>F=:F98 7DFR:>= @: 78C<>G8 GF98C=F<> GD 9BKB98>=F8@
′′
r m2 s−1
:77<CFB ? @AF>=89K:C8
S M8C=8D9 G87 =89E87 7<D9C8 G:>7 @8 9BKB98>=F8@ L@<H:@
!
!"#$%& '&()*+,-+$. /.+-0

"#$%#&' (#) %#'*#) )+&'$# (,-) .# '/0/'#-%1#. ,))+$1/ ,&
′
S
$,-,. 23
"#$%#&' (#) %#'*#) )+&'$# (,-) .# '/0/'#-%1#. ,))+$1/ 4
′′
S
.51-%#'0,$#
Sp,x 6 Sp,y "#$%#&') (#) %#'*#) )+&'$# .1/) ,&7 0+'$#) (# 8'#))1+-)
S0,x 6 S0,x′′ 6 S0,y 9+*8+),-%#) (# ., 8#-%# (& 0+-( ∅
Sf,x 6 Sf,x′′ 6 Sf,y 9+*8+),-%#) (# ., 8#-%# (# 0'+%%#*#-% ∅
T "#$%#&' (#) %#'*#) .1/) 4 ., )/8,',%1+- (#) /$+&.#*#-%)
Te 6 Te "#$%#&') (#) %#'*#) (5/$:,-;# #-%'# .#) /$+&.#*#-%) 23 #%
′′

<3
"#$%#&' (#) %#'*#) .1/) 4 ., )/8,',%1+- (#) /$+&.#*#-%)
′
Tu
8,' &-1%/ (# .+-;&#&'
t 9++'(+--/# (# %#*8) s
U "#$%#&' (#) =,'1,>.#) (# .5/$+&.#*#-% (,-) .# '/0/'#-%1#.
;.+>,.
"#$%#&' (#) =,'1,>.#) (# .5/$+&.#*#-% (,-) .# '/0/'#-%1#.
′
U
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
,))+$1/ 4 .51-%#'0,$#
u 9+*8+),-%# (& =#$%#&' =1%#))# (,-) ., (1'#$%1+- Ox m s−1
9+*8+),-%# (& =#$%#&' =1%#))# )&1=,-% ., 8'#*1?'#
′′
u m s−1
(1'#$%1+- (& '/0/'#-%1#. ,))+$1/ 4 .51-%#'0,$#
−
→
V "#$%#&' =1%#))# (# .5/$+&.#*#-% m s−1
v 9+*8+),-%# (& =#$%#&' =1%#))# (,-) ., (1'#$%1+- Oy m s−1
9+*8+),-%# (& =#$%#&' =1%#))# )&1=,-% ., )#$+-(#
′′
v m s−1
(1'#$%1+- (& '/0/'#-%1#. ,))+$1/ 4 .51-%#'0,$#
x 2?'# $++'(+--/# (5#)8,$# (,-) .# '/0/'#-%1#. ;.+>,. m
2?'# $++'(+--/# (5#)8,$# (,-) .# '/0/'#-%1#. ,))+$1/ ,&
′
x m
$,-,. 23
2?'# $++'(+--/# (5#)8,$# (,-) .# '/0/'#-%1#. ,))+$1/ 4
′′
x m
.51-%#'0,$#
y <?*# $++'(+--/# (5#)8,$# (,-) .# '/0/'#-%1#. ;.+>,. m
z 9+%# (# ., )&'0,$# .1>'# m
zb 9+%# (& 0+-( m
α @-;.# (# '+%,%1+- (& '/0/'#-%1#. ;.+>,. ,& '/0/'#-%1#. rad
,))+$1/ 4 .51-%#'0,$#
αx 6 αy @-;.# #-%'# .5:+'1A+-%,.# #% .# 0+-( rad
∆t B,) (# %#*8) (# $,.$&. s
∆x B,) (5#)8,$# (# $,.$&. m
φ B+'+)1%/ ∅
λ 9/./'1%/ (# 8'+8,;,%1+- (#) +-(#) m s−1
Γ C-%#'0,$# (& =+.&*# (# $+-%'D.# m
Ω E&'0,$# #- 8.,- (& =+.&*# (# $+-%'D.# m2
ρ F,))# =+.&*1G&# (& H&1(# kg m−3
τx 6 τy 9+-%',1-%#) (# $1),1..#*#-% )&' .# 0+-( kg m−1 s−2
I1)%# (#) =,'1,>.#)

! "#$%&'() *+ ,-./0&1$'&-2 "-3%0/) 4.56.
0789 :;< =>?;@ABC< :; @;AA; ADE<; ;<A F; :GH;F=II;J;9A :789 =8ABF :; J=:GFB5
<KAB=9 @=8IFG 4.56. =IGLKAB=99;FM I;LJ;AAK9A 9=AKJJ;9A FK J=:GFB<KAB=9 :;<
G@=8F;J;9A< ;9 FBA JB9;8L <K9< KH=BL N :GO9BL O9;J;9A FK A=I=PLKIDB; :; @;
:;L9B;LM ;A @; KH;@ =8 <K9< :G>=L:;J;9A+ %KL KBFF;8L<M @;A =8ABF :=BA I;LJ;AAL;
:; J=:GFB<;L F;< G@=8F;J;9A< KH;@ 89; ILG@B<B=9 IL=@D; :; @;FF; =>A;98; KH;@ 89
J=:EF; >B:BJ;9<B=99;F @FK<<BQ8;M JKB< KH;@ :;< :8LG;< :; <BJ8FKAB=9< J=B9:L;<+
.K9< @; @K:L;M F; F=PB@B;F 1R6. SH=BL 1;@AB=9 6+*+*T ;<A F; @=:; >B:BJ;9<B=99;F
:; @=JIKLKB<=9+ )9 ;U;AM F; @D=BV :; @; F=PB@B;F @=JJ; LGCGL;9@; ;<A F; IF8<
F=PBQ8; :K9< FK J;<8L; =WM :789; IKLA BF K GAG :GH;F=IIG K8 <;B9 :8 FK>=LKA=BL;
:7K@@8;BF :; @;AA; ADE<; S;A IKL @=9<GQ8;9A F7K@@E< K8V @=:;< <=8L@;< ;<A CK@BFBAGT X
;A :7K8AL; IKLA F; @=:; :; @KF@8F 1R46. IL=I=<G B@B I=8LLK L;JIFK@;L 1R6.
K8ILE< :; FK <=@BGAG YB9P;L )9HBL=99;J;9A Z &9CLK<AL8@A8L;< SQ8B O9K9@; @;AA;
ADE<; :K9< F; @K:L; :; FK >=8L<; "&[() 9 6\\]5!*!TM K8 J=B9< I=8L FK J=:G5
FB<KAB=9 :; @;LAKB9;< @=9OP8LKAB=9< :7G@=8F;J;9A ILG<;9AG;< N FK <;@AB=9 *+4+ 0K
JGAD=:=F=PB; K8V H=F8J;< O9B< ;JIF=^G; IKL 1R6. <;LK @=9<;LHG;+
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!" #$%&'()*)+,( -. /,(/'0) -' /,.01*2'

0;< A=I=PLKIDB;< I=8L F;<Q8;FF;< F; @=:; :; @KF@8F 1R6. <;LK L;JIFK@G IKL
F; 9=8H;K8 @=:; :; @KF@8F @=LL;<I=9:;9A N :;< G@=8F;J;9A< =LB;9AG< <=BA IKL
:;< @D;9K8V SFBA JB9;8LM @K9KFM ;A@+T <=BA IKL :;< KV;< L=8AB;L< ;9 _=9; 8L>KB9;
SH=BL [BP8L; *+4T+ .K9< F; 9=8H;K8 F=PB@B;FM F;< KV;< :7G@=8F;J;9A< <;L=9A K ILB=LB
J=:GFB<G< <=8< C=LJ; 89B:BJ;9<B=99;FF;+ 0;< @=9`8;9@;< ;A F;< :G`8;9@;< ILG5
<;9AK9A :;< @=9OP8LKAB=9< :7G@=8F;J;9A Q8B <=9A PG9GLKFF;J;9A B9@=JIKAB>F;
KH;@ 89; J=:GFB<KAB=9 89B:BJ;9<B=99;FF;M F;8L J=:GFB<KAB=9 <=8< C=LJ; @=8IFG;
4.56. 97;<A IKL @=9<GQ8;9A IK< ;9HB<KPG; :K9< F; @K:L; :; @;AA; ADE<;+
.K9< F; @K< PG9GLKFM FK @GFGLBAG :;< =9:;< ;<A L;FKABH;J;9A B<=AL=I; ;A F78<KP;
:789 JKBFFKP; GPKF;J;9A B<=AL=I; ;<A IKL @=9<GQ8;9A @=9<;BFFG I=8L =>A;9BL 89;
>=99; ILG@B<B=9 98JGLBQ8;+ .K9< :; 9=J>L;8V @K<M FK ILG<;9@; :; @K9K8V :;
CKB>F; FKLP;8L SI=8HK9A KFF;L ?8<Q87K8 JEAL;T BJI=<;LKB :78ABFB<;L :; 9=J>L;8<;<
JKBFF;< I=8L J=:GFB<;L @=LL;@A;J;9A 89; _=9; :7GA8:;+ ";AA; LEPF; :; JKBFFKP;
;<A :=9@ PG9GLKF;J;9A 9GPFBPG; ;A F;< JKBFF;< :; @KF@8F< <=9A GABLG;< :K9< FK
:BL;@AB=9 :; @;< @K9K8V+ .K9< F; @K< :789 <@DGJK 98JGLBQ8; ;VIFB@BA;M BF @=9HB;9A
IKL KBFF;8L< :; HGLBO;L FK @=9:BAB=9 :; <AK>BFBAG <8BHK9A; a
P
|λ| j Li,j ∆t
|Cr| = ≤ 1 pour tout i S*+4T
Ai
=W Cr L;ILG<;9A; F; 9=J>L; :; "=8LK9AM λ FK IF8< PLK9:; @GFGLBAG :7=9:;
P :K9<
FK :BL;@AB=9 9=LJKF; N F7B9A;LCK@;M ∆t F; IK< :; A;JI< :; @KF@8F ;A j Li,j FK
F=9P8;8L @8J8FG; :;< B9A;LCK@;< :; FK JKBFF; i ;A Ai FK <8LCK@; ;9 IFK9 :; FK
JKBFF; i+ ";AA; @=9:BAB=9 :; <AK>BFBAG I;LJ;A :; :G:8BL; F; IK< :; A;JI< :;
@KF@8F ;9 C=9@AB=9 :;< K8AL;< IKLKJEAL;< a
A
∆t ≤ Pi S*+6T
|λ| j Li,j
Axe d’écoulement orienté par le bâti
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
Axe d’écoulement orienté par le lit mineur

Zone bâtie empêchant les écoulements
! "#$%&'() *+ ,-./0&1$'&-2 "-3%0/) 4.56.
Ecoulement 2D Ecoulement 1D Ecoulement 2D

Ecoulement
de surface
C
Ecoulement profond
A Structure tourbillonnaire B Zone morte C Court-circuit
!"#$% *+6 7 189:;8:9< =:>>?=@< A< BC@;?:B<D<E8 AFE= BF AG9<;8G?E 89FE=H<9=FB<

tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
7 #I>+ *+6 J 0C<F: ><:8 K89< F==GDGB@< L :E M:GA< GE;?D>9<==GNB< OBF DF==<
H?B:DGP:< ρ <=8 ;?E=8FE8<Q+
7 #I>+ *+* J 0F 9@>F98G8G?E A<= HG8<==<= <=8 :EGR?9D< =:9 BF H<98G;FB< AFE=
:E @B@D<E8 6.+ "<88< SI>?8ST=< <=8 ;?:9FDD<E8 <D>B?I@< AFE= B<= ;?A<=
A< ;FB;:B NGAGD<E=G?EE<B= <8 <E >F98G;:BG<9 AFE= 1U6.+ )BB< F A?E; @8@
9<>9G=< >?:9 B< A@H<B?>><D<E8 A< 1U46.+
7 #I>+ *+V J 0F =<;8G?E A: ;FEFB 4. <=8 =:>>?=@< A< R?9D< 9<;8FEW:BFG9< X
BF ><E8< A<= @B@D<E8= A< ;FB;:B 4. <=8 >F9 ;?E=@P:<E8 FBGWE@< FH<; BCFY<
A: ;FEFB 4.+ .FE= :E ;FEFB A< R?9D< 9<;8FEW:BFG9<Z B<= @P:F8G?E= >?:9
;<98FGE= >S@E?DTE<= =< =GD>BG[<E8 OE?8FDD<E8 >?:9 B<= 8<9D<= =?:9;<=QZ
DFG= BF D@8S?A< WB?NFB< 9<=8< BF DKD<+ "<88< SI>?8ST=< =GD>BG[;F89G;< E<
D?AG[FE8 >F= BF D@8S?A?B?WG< WB?NFB<Z <BB< F A?E; @8@ :8GBG=@<+ 0C<Y8<E5
=G?E A: ;?A< 1U46. >?:9 A<= ;?E[W:9F8G?E= E?E 9<;8FEW:BFG9< ><:8 K89<
<EHG=FW@< :B8@9G<:9<D<E8+
7 #I>+ *+ J 0C@;?:B<D<E8 :EGAGD<E=G?EE<:8 K89< =@>F9@ <E A<:Y \?E<=
=G8:@<= 9<=><;8GH<D<E8 F: A<==:= <8 <E A<==?:= A< BF >BFGE< ACGE?EAF8G?E
OH?G9 ]GW:9< *+6Q+ )E FN=<E;< AC@;?:B<D<E8 AFE= BF >BFGE< ACGE?EAF8G?EZ
BC@;?:B<D<E8 89FE=H<9=FB AFE= B< ;FEFB 4. <=8 E@;<==FG9<D<E8 E:B+ 0?9=
AC:E A@N?9A<D<E8Z :E< =89:;8:9< 8?:9NGBB?EEFG9< =< R?9D< AFE= BF \?E<
GER@9G<:9< DFG= A?E8 BF HG8<==< 89FE=H<9=FB< D?I<EE< <=8 E:BB<+
%F9 FGBB<:9=Z ?E A@[EG8 B<= 8<9D<= =:GHFE8= OH?G9 ]GW:9< *+*Q J
7 !"#$%&'# !"($ #)$# J BGDG8< <E89< BC@B@D<E8 :EGAGD<E=G?EE<:8 K89< A@E?DD@< 4. ?: 6. =:GHFE8 B< 8I>< AC@;?:B<D<E8 AFE= BC@B@D<E8
P:C<BB< A@BGDG8<
7 &*# +) '&!&, -. J AG9<;8G?E A< BC@;?:B<D<E8
:EGAGD<E=G?EE<B+ "<8 FY< <=8
?9G<E8@ F9NG89FG9<D<E8 X R O; x ; y ; z Z B< 9@R@9<E8G<B F==?;G@ F: ;FEFB 4.
′ ′ ′
Z interface extérieure 1D axe du canal 1D
Y
Γ
X
Ω
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
interface
extérieure 2D
interface
intérieure
′
Ox
R (O; x; y; z)
Γ Ω
δt = t2 − t1
δt
y
y y’
v V
x
u
x
x’ y’
v’
V
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
Element 2D
Element 1D u’ x’
R (O; x; y; z)
′ ′ ′
R O; x ; y ; z
m (t2 ) − m (t1 ) = FM
m (t) t
FM m (t)
ˆ
m (t) = (ρh) (x, y, t) dΩ
Ω
ρ h
h = z−zb z zb
f (x, y, t)g(x, y, t) =
(f g)(x, y, t) f g FM
Γ δt
t2 −
→ →
ˆ ˆ
FM = ρh V −
n (x, y, t) dΓdt
t1 Γ
−
→ −
→
n Γ V
Ox Oy
! ! "#$%&'()* +, -.(-%/%&'() 0
1234 56789:92 5;35 <= >;9?2 53:@=A42 B

ˆ t2 ˆ
FM = (ρh (unx )) (x, y, t) dΓdt C !DE
t1 Γ
ˆ t2 ˆ
+ (ρh (vny )) (x, y, t) dΓdt
t1 Γ
F2 G:<=A H2 ?=552 539 <2 @;<3?2 H2 8;A49I<2 56789:4 B

ˆ
[(ρh) (x, y, t2 ) − (ρh) (x, y, t1 )] dΩ =
Ω
ˆ t2 ˆ
(ρh (unx )) (x, y, t) dΓdt+
t1 Γ
ˆ t2 ˆ
(ρh (vny )) (x, y, t) dΓdt C !JE
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
t1 Γ
! !" #$%&' () *+&',$,- () ./+0).)', (&'1 %& ($2)3,$/'

Ox
F= @=9:=4:;A H2 K3=A4:47 H2 ?;3@2?2A4 539 <2 @;<3?2 H2 8;A49I<2 254 7L=<2
M <= 5;??2 H25 N3O 2A49=A4 24 5;94=A4 1=9 <25 :A429>=825 24 H25 >;9825 562O29P=A4
539 <2 N3:H2! F2 G:<=A H2 K3=A4:47 H2 ?;3@2?2A4 1234 A;4=??2A4 Q492 74=G<: 2A
8;A5:H79=A4 3A:K32?2A4 <= K3=A4:47 H2 ?;3@2?2A4 H=A5 <= H:9284:;A Ox 24 <=
9753<4=A42 H25 >;9825 53:@=A4 82442 ?Q?2 H:9284:;A B
X
Mx (t2 ) − Mx (t1 ) = FQ + Fx C !RE
;S Mx 9219752A42 <= K3=A4:47 H2 ?;3@2?2A4 H=A5 <= H:9284:;A Ox 8;A42A32 H=A5

<2 @;<3?2 H2 8;A49I<2 M 3A :A54=A4 tT FQ <2 N3OPH2 K3=A4:47 H2 ?;3@2?2A4
49=@295=A4 <25 :A429>=825 H3 @;<3?2 H2 8;A49I<2 24 Fx <= 9753<4=A42 H25 >;9825
562O298=A4 539 <2 N3:H2 H=A5 <= H:9284:;A Ox! Mx (t) 56789:4 B
ˆ
Mx (t) = (ρhu) (x, y, t) dΩ C !UE
Ω
F2 N3O H2 K3=A4:47 H2 ?;3@2?2A4 M 49=@295 <6:A429>=82 Γ 12AH=A4 <= H3972 δt

56789:4 B ˆ t2 ˆ −
→ →
FQ = ρhu V −
n (x, y, t) dΓdt C !VWE
t1 Γ
,A 789:@=A4 <25 N3O 5;35 <= >;9?2 H25 8;?1;5=A425 53:@=A4 <25 H:9284:;A5 Ox 24
Oy T <67K3=4:;A 56789:4 B
ˆ t2 ˆ
FQ = (ρhu (unx )) (x, y, t) dΓdt C !VVE
t1 Γ
ˆ t2 ˆ
+ (ρhu (vny )) (x, y, t) dΓdt
t1 Γ
! "#$%&'() *+ ,-./0&1$'&-2 "-3%0/) 4.56.
07 89:;< =7 >?;<@9@A =7 BC?D7B7<@ =;<E :; =9F7G@9C< Ox E7 @F;=?9@ H;F :IA>?;@9C<

E?9D;<@7 J
ˆ
[(ρhu) (x, y, t2 ) − (ρhu) (x, y, t1 )] dΩ =
Ω
ˆ t2 ˆ
(ρhu (unx )) (x, y, t) dΓdt+
t1 Γ
ˆ t2 ˆ X
(ρhu (vny )) (x, y, t) dΓdt + Fx K*+46L
t1 Γ
X
CM Fx F7HFAE7<@7 :I9<@ANF;:7 =7E OCFG7E 7P7FGA7E E?F :7 Q?9=7 =;<E :; =9F7G@9C<
Ox H7<=;<@ δt+
! ! "#$%& '( )*%&+#+, '( -.*/(-(&+ '%&0 $% '#1(2+#.&

tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
Oy
.7 :; BRB7 B;<9SF7T :7 Q?P =7 >?;<@9@A =7 BC?D7B7<@ =;<E :; =9F7G@9C< Oy
EIAGF9@ J
ˆ
[(ρhv) (x, y, t2 ) − (ρhv) (x, y, t1 )] dΩ =
Ω
ˆ t2 ˆ
(ρhv (unx )) (x, y, t) dΓdt+
t1 Γ
ˆ t2 ˆ X
(ρhv (vny )) (x, y, t) dΓdt + Fy K*+4*L
t1 Γ
X
CM Fy F7HFAE7<@7 :I9<@ANF;:7 =7E OCFG7E 7P7FGA7E E?F :7 Q?9=7 =;<E :; =9F7G@9C<
Oy H7<=;<@ δt+
! !3 "#$%& '(0 4.12(0 %55$#)*,(0 %* 6*#'(

0; FA;:9E;@9C< =I?<
P 89:;< =7E OCFG7E 7P7FGA7E E?F :7 Q?9=7 H7FB7@ =I7PH:9G9@7F
:7E @7FB7E Fx 7@ Fy + 07E OCFG7E GC<E9=AFA7E EC<@ J :7 HC9=ET :; FA;G@9C< =?
P
OC<=T :7E OCFG7E =7 OFC@@7B7<@E E?F :7 OC<= 7@ :7E OCFG7E =7 HF7EE9C<+ 0; FA;G@9C<
=? OC<= 7E@ CF97<@A7 H7FH7<=9G?:;9F7B7<@ U G7 =7F<97F @;<=9E >?7 :7E GC<@F;9<@7E
=7 G9E;9::7B7<@ U :ICF9N9<7 =7E OCFG7E =7 OFC@@7B7<@ EC<@ CF97<@A7E H;F;::S:7B7<@
;? OC<=+ %C?F G7F@;9<7E ;HH:9G;@9C<ET =I;?@F7E OCFG7E H7?D7<@ AD7<@?7::7B7<@ R@F7
HF9E7E 7< GCBH@7 K9<Q?7<G7 =? D7<@T 7@G+L+
! !"!# $%&'()*+), -, (* ./01, ,2,01%, 3*0 (, 3/4-&

07 HC9=E =? Q?9=7 GC<@7<? =;<E :7 DC:?B7 =7 GC<@FV:7 EI7P7FG7 H;F =AW<9@9C<
D7F@9G;:7B7<@ 7@ D7FE :7 8;ET 9: 7E@ =C<<A H;F J
ˆ
P = g (ρh) (x, y, t) dΩ K*+4!L
Ω
Rf
P
α
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
g
Ox Oy
Rf,x Rf,y Ox Oy
ˆ
Rf,x = g (ρh) (x, y, t) tan αx dΩ
Ω
ˆ
= g (ρh) (x, y, t)S0,x dΩ
Ω
ˆ
Rf,y = g (ρh) (x, y, t) tan αy dΩ
ˆΩ
= g (ρh) (x, y, t)S0,y dΩ
Ω
αx S0,x
Ox αy S0,y Oy
Ox Oy
( ´
Ff,x = Ω −τx dΩ
´
Ff,y = Ω −τy dΩ
! "#$%&'() *+ ,-./0&1$'&-2 "-3%0/) 4.56.
78 τx 9:;9<=:>?: @A B7>?9AC>?: D: BC=AC@@:E:>? DA>= @A DC9:B?C7> Ox F9:=;:B?CG:5

E:>? τy DA>= @A DC9:B?C7> Oy H+ -> E7>?9: IJ: @:= B7>?9AC>?:= D: BC=AC@@:E:>?
;:JG:>? K?9: :=?CE<:= ;A9 L 6M N
(
τx = ρgRh,x Sf,x
F*+4OH
τy = ρgRh,y Sf,y
78 Rh,x :? Sf,x 9:;9<=:>?:>? @: 9AP7> QPD9AJ@CIJ: D: @R<B7J@:E:>? :? @A ;:>?:

D: @A @CS>: D: BQA9S: DA>= @A DC9:B?C7> Ox F9:=;:B?CG:E:>? Rh,y :? Sf,y DA>= @A
DC9:B?C7> Oy H+ %A9 AC@@:J9=T 7> :=?CE: @A ;:>?: D: @A @CS>: D: BQA9S: DA>= BQABJ>:
D:= DC9:B?C7>= DR<B7J@:E:>? ;A9 :U?:>=C7> D: @A V79EJ@: D: ,A>>C>S51?9CBW@:9 :>
D:JU DCE:>=C7>=+  √
 u2 + v 2

 S f,x = 4/3
u
Kx2 Rh,x


√ F*+4XH
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
u2 + v 2
S = v


 f,y

4/3
K 2R

y h,y
78 Kx 9:;9<=:>?: @: B7:YBC:>? D: 1?9CBW@:9 DA>= @A DC9:B?C7> Ox F9:=;:B?CG:E:>?

Ky DA>= @A DC9:B?C7> Oy H+ %7J9 D:= <B7J@:E:>?= >A?J9:@=T C@ :=? 9:@A?CG:E:>?
DCYBC@: D: DC=?C>SJ:9 @:= B7:YBC:>?= D: V97??:E:>? DA>= @:= DCZ<9:>?:= DC9:B?C7>=
D: @R:=;AB:+ .A>= @A =JC?:T @:= ?:9E:= Kx :? Ky =7>? =J;;7=<= CD:>?CIJ:= N Kx =
Ky = K + -> 7[?C:>? D7>B IJ: @:= V79B:= D: V97??:E:>? DA>= @:= DC9:B?C7>= Ox :?
Oy ;:JG:>? =R<B9C9: N
√
u2 + v 2
ˆ
Ff,x = − ρg 1/3
udΩ F*+4\AH
Ω K 2 Rh,x
√
u2 + v 2
ˆ
Ff,y = − ρg 1/3
vdΩ F*+4\[H
Ω K 2 Rh,y
! !"!" #$%&'()*(+ ,+% -./0+% ,+ 1/+%%2.*

0:= V79B:= D: ;9:==C7> =RA;;@CIJ:>? ;:9;:>DCBJ@AC9:E:>? AJU C>?:9VAB:= DJ
G7@JE: D: B7>?9]@:+ 0: ;97^@ D:= ;9:==C7>= <?A>? =J;;7=< QPD97=?A?CIJ: F#P;+
*+4HT @A ;9:==C7> _ J>: ;97V7>D:J9 z D7>><: =R<B9C? p(z) = ρgz + 0RC>?:>=C?< D: @A
V79B: D: ;9:==C7> =R:U:9À>? =J9 @: aJCD: =J9 @RC>?:9VAB: Γ =R<B9C? A@79= N
!
ˆ ˆ h(x,y,t)
Fp = ρgzdz dΓ
Γ 0
h(x,y,t) !
1
ˆ
= ρgz 2 dΓ
Γ 2 0
1"
ˆ
ρgh2 (x, y, t) dΓ F*+6bH

=
Γ 2
! ! "#$%&'()* +, -.(-%/%&'() 01
-234 56789:4 9;< =2>?2<7@6;< A7@< 9;< A:4;=6:2@< Ox ;6 Oy A; 97 45<3967@6; A;<

B24=;< A; ?4;<<:2@C :9 =2@D:;@6 A; 4;D;@:4 E 9F5=4:634; D;=624:;99; G
−
→
Fp = − Fp −
→
n H !IJK
'9 ;<6 7924< ?2<<:89; A; B7:4; 7??747L64; 9;< =2>?2<7@6;< A;< B24=;< A; ?4;<<:2@
A7@< =M7N3; A:4;=6:2@ AF;<?7=; G
−
→ → 1"
ˆ
Fp,x = Fp − ρgh2 (x, y, t) −
→
n −
n→ H !II7K

nx = − x dΓ
Γ 2
−
→ − 1"
ˆ
→
Fp,y = Fp ny = − ρgh2 (x, y, t) −
→
n −
n→dΓ H !II8K
y
Γ 2
! !"!# $%&'()*+), -,& ./01,&

tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
,@ =2@<:A547@6 97 >7<<; D293>:N3; ρ =2>>; =2@<67@6; HOP?! !IKC 9;< 45Q

<3967@6;< A;< B24=;< <34 9; D293>; A; =2@64R9; A7@< 9;< A:4;=6:2@< Ox ;6 Oy
<F5=4:D;@6 G X
Fx = ρ (Rf,x + Ff,x + Fp,x ) H !I K
X
Fy = ρ (Rf,y + Ff,y + Fp,y ) H !ISK
! !" #$%&'()*+ +)%+ ,)-./ (*'01-&2/

&236;< 9;< B24=;< 7P7@6 565 :A;@6:T5;<C :9 ;<6 ?2<<:89; A; 455=4:4; 9;< 8:97@< A;
>7<<; ;6 A; N37@6:65 A; >23D;>;@6! U;< 5N376:2@< H !1KC H !JIK ;6 H !J K <2@6
V5@5479;>;@6 5=4:6;< <23< B24>; D;=624:;99; G
ˆ ˆ t2 ˆ
ρ [U (t2 ) − U (t1 )] dΩ + ρ [Fnx + Gny ] dΓdt =
Ω t1 Γ
ˆ t2 ˆ t2 ˆ t2
ρSdt + ρSp,x dt + ρSp,y dt H !I07K
t1 t1 t1
2W 
h
U =  hu  H !I08K
hv
 
hu
F =  hu2  H !I0=K
huv
 
hv
G =  huv  H !I0AK
hv 2
! "#$%&'() *+ ,-./0&1$'&-2 "-3%0/) 4.56.
 
0
S =  Rf,x + Ff,x  7*+6 89
Rf,y + Ff,y
 
0
Sp,x =  Fp,x  7*+6 :9
0
 
0
Sp,y =  0  7*+6 ;9
Fp,y
08< =8>?8< <@A>B8 CDDEFGAH< <A> EIFJ=8>:CB8 Γ 7Fp,x 8= Fp,y 9 <@J= ;HJH>CE8?8J=
>8;>@ADH< CK8B E8< =8>?8< L8 MAN F 8= G+ %C> CFEE8A><O @J D8A= <F?DEFP8> EIHB>F5
=A>8 7*+6 9 8J LFKF<CJ= DC> EC ?C<<8 K@EA?FGA8 <ADD@<H8 B@J<=CJ=8 7#QD+ *+69 R
ˆ ˆ t2 ˆ ˆ t2 ˆ
[U (t2 ) − U (t1 )] dΩ + [Fnx + Gny ] dΓdt = SdΩdt 7*+6S9
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
Ω t1 Γ t1 Ω
TF8J GA8 E@A>L8F>8O B8< HGAC=F@J< <@J= KCECVE8< ?W?8 E@><GA8 E8< KC>FCVE8<
L8 EIHB@AE8?8J= <@J= LF<B@J=FJA8<+ "8==8 HB>F=A>8 8<= CDD8EH8 EC :@>?8 X:CFVE8X
L8< HGAC=F@J< L8 D>@DC;C=F@J+
! !" #$%&'&()*+ ,-. $/0&()*+. 12 -( 32

$PJ L8 B@J<FLH>8> E8< L8AN =QD8< LIHB@AE8?8J= 7AJF5 8= VFLF?8J<F@JJ8E9O @J
BY8>BY8 C >HHB>F>8 E8 <Q<=Z?8 LIHGAC=F@J< 7*+6S9 D@A> BYCGA8 HB@AE8?8J=+ )J
HB>FKCJ= R ˆ ˆ ˆ
UdΩ = U1D dΩ1D + U2D dΩ2D 7*+6[9
Ω Ω1D Ω2D
8= 8J FL8J=FPCJ= E8< MAN U =>CK8>< E8< FJ=8>:CB8< 8N=H>F8A>8< L8 BYCGA8 <@A<5K@EA?8
L8 B@J=>\E8 7Γ1D 8= Γ2D 9O @J >HHB>F= EIHGAC=F@J 7*+6S9 <@A< EC :@>?8 R
ˆ
[U1D (t2 ) − U1D (t1 )] dΩ1D +
Ω1D
ˆ t2 ˆ
[Fnx + Gny ] dΓdt =
t1 Γ1D
ˆ t2 ˆ ˆ t2
S1D dΩ1D dt + Tdt 7*+6!C9
t1 Ω1D t1
ˆ
[U2D (t2 ) − U2D (t1 )] dΩ2D +
Ω2D
ˆ t2 ˆ
[Fnx + Gny ] dΓdt =
t1 Γ2D
ˆ t2 ˆ ˆ t2
S2D dΩ2D dt − Tdt 7*+6!V9
t1 Ω2D t1
! ! "#$%&'()* +, -.(-%/%&'() 01
T T
23 T4 S1D = S1,1 S1,2 S1,3 56 S2D = S2,1 S2,2 S2,3 75879:

;5<65<6 75;85=6>?5@5<6 A5; 657@5; BC9=DE<F5 5<675 A5; B5GH 9=2GA5@5<6;4 A5 657@5
;2G7=5 ;G7 A5 ;2G;:?2AG@5 B5 =2<67IA5 J+ 56 A5 657@5 ;2G7=5 ;G7 A5 ;2G;:?2AG@5
B5 =2<67IA5 K+ L
 
0p
   u21D + v1D2 
0  gh S
1D 0,x 1D − g u 1D

2 R1/3  M !K1N
 
S1D =  Rf,x 1D + Ff,x 1D  =  K
 p1D h,x 1D 
Rf,y 1D + Ff,y 1D  u 2 + v2 
 gh S 1D 1D
1D 0,y 1D − g 1/3
v1D 
2 R
K1D h,y 1D
 
0p
   u22D + v2D 2 
0  gh S
2D 0,x 2D − g u2D 
2 R 1/3
 M ! ON
 
S2D =  Rf,x 2D + Ff,x 2D  =  K
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
 p 2D h,x 2D 
Rf,y 2D + Ff,y 2D 
 gh S u22D + v2D2 
2D 0,y 2D − g v2D 
2 R1/3
K2D h,y 2D
S1D,2 56 S1D,3 75879;5<65<6 A5; =2@82;E<65; B5 AE 79E=6>2< BG P2?5@5<6 ;G>?E<6 ACEH5 Ox 56 ACEH5 Oy ! -E7 DQ826DR;54 AE
85<65 BG P2F<95 E?5= ACEH5 BG =E<EA J+ MSQ8! !TN U AE =2@82;E<65 B5
AE 79E=6>2< BG P275=6>2< 67E<;?57;EA5
V ACEH5 BG =E<EA J+ 5;6 8E7
=2<;9WG5<6 <GAA5! +E<; A5 79P975<6>5A R O; x ; y ; z B9X<> V AE XFG75 !K4 A5
′ ′ ′
?5=65G7 B5; 657@5; ;2G7=5 82G7 AC9=2GA5@5<6 G<>B>@5<;>2<<5A 85G6 B2<= ;C9=7>75
;2G; AE P27@5 L
q0
 
2 2
(u′ ) + (v ′ ) ′ 
 

 ghS ′ − g u 
0,x
′
K 2 R1/3
M ! JN
 
S1D = 
q h,x′


′ 2 ′ 2
 
 (u ) + (v ) ′ 
 −g 1/3
v 
2
K Rh,y′
! !" #$%&'()*+ +)%+ ,)-./ 0(12-/*'(/33/

(< =D57=D5 V 96EYA>7 AE P27@5 B>Z975<6>5AA5 B5; 9WGE6>2<; M !K[N 82G7 =DEWG5
;2G;:?2AG@5 B5 =2<67IA5!
! !"!# $%&'()*+, #-
\C9=7>6G75 B5; 9WGE6>2<; B5 8728EFE6>2< G<>B>@5<;>2<<5AA5; PE>6 E885A EGH
DQ826DR;5; ;G>?E<65; M?2>7 ]>FG75 !TN L
^ SQ8! !_ L AE AE7F5G7 B5 AC9A9@5<6 5;6 PE>YA5 B5?E<6 ;E A2<FG5G7 L dΩ1D ≈
′
bdx
! "#$%&'() *+ ,-./0&1$'&-2 "-3%0/) 4.56.
7 #89+ *+: ; <=>?@A<BCBDE BFE ADGHGCBDFG@DDB< ; Fnx + Gny = F nx′

′
7 #89+ *+I ; <BF JAK F@DE ?@DFELDEF

′ ?@A<BCBDE ; Γ1D (x′ ) F x dΓ ≈ bF
´ ′ ′
x
"@C9EB EBDA HBF N89@ENRFBF ?G5HBFFAFS <=>OALEG@D T*+6ILU F=>?PGE ;
′
ˆ x2
′
b [U1D (t2 ) − U1D (t1 )] dx +
′
x1
ˆ t2 h ′ ′ i
′ ′
bF x2 − bF x1 dt =
t1
′
ˆ t2 ˆ x2 ′ ˆ t2
′
bS1D dx dt + Tdt T*+*6U
′
t1 x1 t1
)D FA99@FLDE OAB <BF QLPGLV<BF H=>?@A<BCBDE F@DE ?@DEGDABF BE H>PGQLV<BF FAP

tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
<=><>CBDE ADGHGCBDFG@DDB<S G< BFE 9@FFGVL<GFBP AD H>QB<@99BCBDE BD F>PGB

HB 'L8<@P LA 9PBCGBP @PHPB ;
ˆ t2
∂U1D
lim [U1D (t2 ) − U1D (t1 )] ≈ dt T*+**U
t1 →t2 t1 ∂t
ˆ x′2 ′
h ′ ′ ′ ′ i ∂bF ′
lim bF x 2 − bF x 1 ≈ ′ dx T*+*WU
′ ′
x1 →x2 ′
x1 ∂x
0B 9LF H=BF9L?B >ELDE ?@DFGH>P> ?@CCB GDXDGCBDE 9BEGES <=>OALEG@D T*+*6U 9BAE
L<@PF FB P>>?PGPB F@AF <L Y@PCB FAGQLDEB ;
′ ′
x2 t2 t2 x2 ′
∂bU1D ∂bF
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
′ ′
dtdx + dx dt =
x1
′
t1 ∂t t1 x1
′ ∂x′
′ ′
ˆ t2 ˆ x2 ˆ t2 ˆ x2
′ ′ ′ ′
bS1D dx dt + Tu dx dt T*+*ZU
′ ′
t1 x1 t1 x1
@[ Tu PB9P>FBDEB <L CLEPG?B HBF EBPCBF H=>?NLDMB BDEPB <BF >?@A<BCBDEF ADG5 BE
VGHGCBDFG@DDB< 9LP ADGE> HB <@DMABAP HA Q@<ACB 4.+ 0BF HAP>BF BE <BF <@DMABAPF
>ELDE GDXDGCBDE 9BEGEBFS G< BFE 9@FFGVMPL<BF 9@AP >ELV<GP <L
Y@PCB HG\>PBDEGB<OALEG@DF HB 9P@9LMLEG@D FAP D>PL<BCBDE PBY@PCA<>F BD YLGFLDE GD5
′
EBPQBDGP VGE ADGELGPB 9<AE]E OAB <L QGEBFFB HB <=>?@A<BCBDE+ "NLOAB QB?EBAP
HB T*+* U F=>?PGE L<@PF ;  
′
h1D
U1D =  q1D  T*+*:LU
r1D
! ! "#$%&'()* +, -.(-%/%&'() 01
 
q1D
2
 q1D 1 
′
F =
 + g.h21D 
2 ! 345
h1D 2 
 q1D r1D 
h1D
 
 0 
p
2 + r2
 

 gbh1D S ′ − q1D 1D

0,x q 
1/3 1D

′
h21D K 2 Rh,x′ 2 ! 365
 
S1D =
  p 


2 2
 
 q1D + r1D 
 gbh1D − r 
1/3 1D

2
h1D K 2 Rh,y′
′
Tu = Pr + Te 2 ! 375
   
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
Pr,1 Te,1
=  Pr,2  +  Te,2 
Pr,3 Te,3
89 Pr :;< =: >:6<:?@ 7:; A8@6:; 7: B@:;;C8D EBB=CF?G:; ;?@ =: H?C7: E? DC>:E?
7:; CD<:@AE6:; CD<G@C:?@:; :< Te =:; <:@I:; 7JG6KEDL: :D<@: =:; G68?=:I:D<; ?DCM
:< 4C7CI:D;C8DD:=! NE B@:ICO@: 68IB8;ED<: 7: Pr 68@@:;B8D7EDE<C8D 7: =E IE;;: ;?@ =: >8=?I: 7: 68D<@Q=: ?DC7CI:D;C8DD:=R =: 4C=ED
7:; A8@6:; EBB=CF?G:; ;?@ =: H?C7: DJCD<:@>C:D< BE; :< 6:<<: 68IB8;ED<: :;< 78D6
D?==: S
Pr,1 = 0 2 ! T5
Pr,2 :< Pr,3 B:?>:D< U<@: 7G<:@ICDG; :D 68D;C7G@ED< ?D G68?=:I:D< CII84C=:!
+ED; 6: 6E;R =:; <:@I:; 7: H?V :D<@: =:; 7:?V G68?=:I:D<; ;8D< D?=;R 7: IUI:
F?: =E >C<:;;: 7: =JG68?=:I:D< ?DC7CI:D;C8DD:= S
′
∂bF ′ ′
= S1D + Tu
∂x′
0
       
0 0 0
∂  1
gbh 2 = gbh S + P + 0  2 ! W5

1D 
 1D 0,x ′   r,2  
∂x′ 2

0 0 P r,3 0
N:; <:@I:; Pr,2 :< Pr,3 B@:DD:D< 78D6 =:; :VB@:;;C8D; ;?C>ED<:; S

∂ 1
Pr,2 = gbh 2
1D − gbh1D S0,x′ 2 !XY5
∂x′ 2
Pr,3 = 0 2 !X15
,D :VB=C6C<ED< =:; <:@I:; 7: Pr,2 R 8D 84<C:D< S
∂h1D 1 ∂b ∂zb
Pr,2 = gbh1D + gh21D ′ + gbh1D ′ 2 !XZ5
∂x′ 2 ∂x ∂x
! "#$%&'() *+ ,-./0&1$'&-2 "-3%0/) 4.5!.
)6 789:86; 8<<8=8>;=? @ABC8@9;B h = z − zb D 9@ E9?6; F

∂ (z1D − zb1D ) 1 2 ∂b ∂zb1D
Pr,2 = gbh1D + gh1D ′ + gbh1D G*+H*I
∂x′ 2 ∂x ∂x′
∂z1D ∂zb1D 1 ∂b ∂zb1D
= gbh1D − gbh1D + gh21D ′ + gbh1D
∂x′ ∂x′ 2 ∂x ∂x′
∂z1D
0ABJKL@?M?6; B;86; 9MMKN9@?D @8 :L=78J? @9N=? ?:; OK=9PK6;8@? ?; QK6J = 0+
∂x′
Pr,2 <=?6Q QK6J @A?R<=?::9K6 :L9E86;? F
1 2 ∂b
Pr,2 = gh G*+HHI
2 1D ∂x′
0? J8@JL@ Q?: JKM<K:86;?: Q? @8 M8;=9J? Te :?=8 <=B:?6;B 8L JO8<9;=? H+
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
! !"!# $%&'()*+, #-
-6 <=B:?6;? 9J9 @?: BSL8;9K6: :KL: 7K=M? Q9TB=?6;9?@@? Q86: @? J8: QAL6 EK@LM?
Q? JK6;=U@? ?6 JKK=QK66B?: J8=;B:9?66?:+
.86: @? J8: KV 9@ 6AW 8 <8: QABJKL@?M?6; 4.D @ABSL8;9K6 G*+!XNI <?L; :?
=BBJ=9=? F
ˆ x2 ˆ y2
[U2D (t2 ) − U2D (t1 )] dydx+
x1 y1
ˆ t2 ˆ y2
[F2D (x2 ) − F2D (x1 )] dydt+
t1 y1
ˆ t2 ˆ x2 ˆ t2
[G2D (y2 ) − G2D (y1 )] dxdt = S2D dt G*+HYI
t1 x1 t1
0?: E8=98N@?: Q? @ABJKL@?M?6; B;86; :L<<K:B?: JK6;96L?: ?; QB=9E8N@?: :L= JO8SL?

:KL:5EK@LM? Q? JK6;=U@?D 9@ ?:; <K::9N@? Q? =B8@9:?= L6 QBE?@K<<?M?6; ?6 :B=9? Q?
'8W@K= F
x2 y2 t2
∂φU2D
ˆ ˆ ˆ
dtdydx+
x1 y1 t1 ∂t
ˆ t2 ˆ y2 ˆ x2
∂F2D
dxdydt+
t1 y1 x1 ∂x
ˆ t2 ˆ x2 ˆ y2 ˆ t2
∂G2D
dydxdt = S2D dt G*+H I
t1 x1 y1 ∂y t1
)6 JK6:9QB=86; SL? @?: Q9M?6:9K6: QL EK@LM? Q? JK6;=U@? ?; SL? @8 QL=B? QA965

;BC=8;9K6 :K6; 96Z69;B:9M8@?:D @ABSL8;9K6 G*+H I :ABJ=9; F
∂U2D ∂F2D ∂G2D
+ + = S2D G*+H[8I
∂t ∂x ∂y
! ! "#$%&'()* +, -.(-%/%&'() 0
12  
h2D
U2D =  q2D  3 !4567
r2D
 
q2D
2
 q2D 1 2 
F2D =  h + 2 gh2D  3 !4587
 
 2Dq2D r2D 
h2D
 
r2D
 q2D r2D 
G2D =  h2D 3 !4597
 

 r2 1 2 
2D
+ gh2D
h2D 2
0
 
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
p !
 q 2 + r2 
 gh 2D 2D
2D S0,x − q2D 
2 K 2 R1/3
3 !45:7
 
S2D =
 h 2D h,x !


p
 2 + r2
q2D 
2D
gh2D S0,y − r
 
1/3 2D
h22D K 2 Rh,y
;<=>?@AB1C 3 !457 :DA 8:EE: >?B :DA F=D1E?: G1?F E:D H@BEE:D 9: 8@E8?E 6B9BH:CI
DB1CC:EE:D C1C 81?GE=:D J 9:D H@BEE:D ?CB9BH:CDB1CC:EE:D! K:D =>?@AB1CD 81FF:DI
G1C9:CA @?L =>?@AB1CD 6B9BH:CDB1CC:EE:D 8E@DDB>?:D 9: *@BCAIM:C@CA!
+@CD E: 8@D 12 ?C =81?E:H:CA ?CB9BH:CDB1CC:E AF@N:FD: E: N1E?H: 9: 81CAFOE:P
E<=81?E:H:CA 6B9BH:CDB1CC:E C<188?G: G@D E<:CD:H6E: 9: 8: N1E?H:! (C F=@EBD:
E<@C@E1QB: @N:8 E@ G1F1DBA= 9=8FBA: 9@CD R4ST :A 1C BCAF19?BA ?C A:FH: 9: G1F1DBA=
F:GF=D:CA@CA E: U@BA >?: E<:CD:H6E: 9? N1E?H: 9: 81CAFOE: C<:DA G@D 9BDG1CB6E:
G1?F E<=81?E:H:CA 6B9BH:CDB1CC:E! ;@ G1F1DBA= :DA 9=VCB: G@F E: F@AB1 9: E@ D?FI
U@8: :C GE@C 9BDG1CB6E: G1?F E<=81?E:H:CA 36B9BH:CDB1CC:E7 D?F E@ D?FU@8: :C GE@C
A1A@E: 9? N1E?H: 9: 81CAFOE:! ,C BCAF19?BD@CA 9@CD 3 !45@7 E: A:FH: 9: G1F1DBA=P
E:D A:FH:D 9<=8W@CQ: :CAF: E:D =81?E:H:CAD 3>?B D1CA C=8:DD@BF:H:CA 1GG1D=D
@?L A:FH:D Te @GG@F@BDD@CA 9@CD E<=>?@AB1C G1?F E<=81?E:H:CA ?CB9BH:CDB1CI
C:E 3 ! 077 :A E:D U1F8:D 9: GF:DDB1C D<:L:FX@CA E: E1CQ 9:D BCA:FU@8:D BCA=FB:?F:DP
BE @GG@F@YA Z
∂U2D ∂F2D ∂G2D
+ + = S2D − Te 3 !4[@7
∂t ∂x ∂y
12  
φh2D
U2D =  φq2D  3 !4[67
φr2D
 
φq2D
 q2D 2
1 2

F2D =  φ h + 2 gφ.h2D  3 !4[87
 
2D
 q2D r2D 
φ
h2D
! "#$%&'() *+ ,-./0&1$'&-2 "-3%0/) 4.56.
 
φr2D
q2D r2D
 φ 
G2D =  h2D 7*+!89:
 

2
 r2D 1 
φ + gφ.h22D
h2D 2
0
 
p !
2 2
q2D + r2D
 1 ∂φ 
 gφh
2D S0,x − q
1/3 2D
+ gh22D 
2 2 2 ∂x 7*+!8;:
 
S2D =
 h2D K Rh,x ! 

p
 q 2 + r2 1 ∂φ 
gφh2D S0,y − r2D + gh22D
 
1/3 2 ∂y
h2 K 2 Rh,y
0< 9=>?@A@B? 9;C D<E@<FG;C 9<?C 7*+!H: ?I;CA J<C KB?AE<9@KAB@E; <D;K 7*+!8: JL@C5
MLI;GG; KBEE;CJB?9 <L K<C J<EA@KLG@;E φ = 1+ &G <JJ<E<NA 9B?K ML; G;C =ML<A@B?C
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
JBLE GI=KBLG;O;?A F@9@O;?C@B??;G B?A G< OPO; QBEO;R MLI@G S <@A BL ?B? L? =KBL5
G;O;?A L?@9@O;?C@B??;G CLE G; DBGLO; 9; KB?AETG;+ )? ;U;AR @?AEB9L@E; φ = 1 ;A
Te = 0 9<?C G;C =ML<A@B?C 7*+!8: Q<@A <JJ<E<NAE; G;C =ML<A@B?C 7*+!H:+ )? @?A=5
′
VE<?A G;C A;EO;C φ ;A b 9<?C G< 9=>?@A@B? 9;C O<AE@K;CR B? BFA@;?A JBLE GI=KBLG;5
O;?A L?@9@O;?C@B??;G W
∂U1D ∂F1D
+ = S1D + Te 7*+!X<:
∂t ∂x
 
bh1D
U1D =  bq1D  7*+!XF:
br1D
 
bq1D
2
 q1D 1 
F1D = 
 b + gb.h21D 
7*+!XK:
h1D 2 
 q1D r1D 
b
h1D
 
 0 
p
 2 + r2
q1D

1 ∂b
1D
q  + gh21D
 
 gbh1D S0 −
1/3 1D

S1D =
 2 2
h1D K Rh,x′ 2 ∂x 
 7*+!X9:
 p 
 2 + r2
q1D 
1D
 −gb r
1/3 1D

2
h1D K Rh,y′
0I=KE@ALE; 9; 7*+!8: ;A 7*+!X: KBEE;CJB?9 <L A;EO; Te JEYC <LZ =ML<A@B?C [

′
JBEBC@A= 9=OB?AE=;C 9<?C \!4]+ -? J;LA OB?AE;E ML; K;C CSCAYO;C 9I=ML<A@B?C
CB?A 9;C CSCAYO;C ^SJ;EFBG@ML;C 9; GB@C 9; KB?C;ED<A@B? \6H]+
!"! #$$%#&'(#) *)+ +,+'-.)+ */$0(1'&23+ *13+ 4)
#$5$#)3'&)4 *) 4/&3')#51%) 67
!" #$$%&'()&* +*, ,-,(./*, +0$1)2('34, +24, 5*

&$6$&*4('*5 +* 50'4(*&62%*
4/89:;< => ?@<?9< =AB><8CCA 9:;<;D@E: </@CCF8?G> @9H B8<9I>D JE;D C89F FAK
D89=F> L !"MN >: L !"ONP <@ =AJE;:;8E => I@;<<>D => ?@<?9< =@ED <> C<@E G8F;Q8E:@<
(O; x; y) >D: EA?>DD@;F>! 4@ IA:G8=8<8R;> => I@;<<@R> => <@ Q8E> =/A:9=> D>F@
CFAD>E:A> S <@ D>?:;8E "!T! 4>D AU9@:;8ED => CF8C@R@:;8E D8E: =;D?FA:;DA>D D9F <>D
I@;<<>D => ?@<?9< @;ED; 8V:>E9>D! WXXY @ I8E:FA U9/;< A:@;: C8DD;V<> =/>D:;I>F <>
Z9H S :F@B>FD ?G@U9> ;E:>F[@?> C@F <@ FAD8<9:;8E =/9E CF8V<\I> => #;>I@EE =@ED
<@ =;F>?:;8E E8FI@<> S </;E:>F[@?>!
2E ?G>F?G> =8E? S A:@V<;F <> D]D:\I> =/AU9@:;8ED AU9;B@<>E: S L !"ON L89
S L !"MNN =@ED <> FA[AF>E:;>< @DD8?;A S </;E:>F[@?>! +; Pi,j >D: <@ I@:F;?> => C@DD@R>
=9 FA[AF>E:;>< R<8V@< @9 FA[AF>E:;>< @DD8?;A S </;E:>F[@?> @<8FD ^
′′
U = P−1
i,j U
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
φh
   
φh
′′
 φhu  = P−1
i,j
 φhu  L !7_N
′′
φhv φhv
8` U >D: <> B>?:>9F =>D B@F;@V<>D ?8ED>FBA>D A?F;: =@ED <> FA[AF>E:;>< @DD8?;A
′′
S </;E:>F[@?>! *@ED ?> FA[AF>E:;>D ?8IC8D@E:>D =9 B>?:>9F B;:>DD> D/A?F;B>E:

LB8;F 5;R9F> !6N ^ ( ′′
u = u cos α + v sin α
′′ L !7aN
v = −u sin α + v cos α
b89F </A?89<>I>E: 9E;=;I>ED;8EE>< ?8II> C89F </A?89<>I>E: V;=;I>ED;8EE> => C@DD@R> P−1 D/A?F;: =8E? ^
 
1 0 0
P−1 =  0 cos α sin α  L !7XN
0 − sin α cos α
8E >E =A=9;: </A?F;:9F> => P ^
 
1 0 0
P= 0 cos α − sin α  L !7 N
0 sin α cos α
1CF\D F8:@:;8E =@ED <> FA[AF>E:;>< @DD8?;A S </;E:>F[@?>P <>D D]D:\I>D =/AU9@K
:;8ED L !"MN >: L !"ON D> FAD9I>E: S =>D D]D:\I>D 9E;=;I>ED;8EE><D => <@ [8FI> ^
′′ ′′
∂U ∂F ′′ ′′
+ = S ± Te L !7"N
∂t ∂x′′
8` ^
φh φh
   
′′ ′′ ′′
U =  φhu  =  φq  L !77@N
′′ ′′
φhv φr
!"#$%&'( )* +,-./%0#&%,1 !,2$/.( 3-45-
v V
u’’
u’’
v V
α’’
v’ v’’
α’’
α’ u’ Li,j u
u
anal
1D v’’ n
du c
n
Axe Li,j
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!" #"
!"#$% )* 6 '7879:;<=:> >=7 ? >@=;<:98AB:
 ′′

φq
 q ′′ 2 1 
′′
φ + gφh2 C)*DDEF
 
F =
 h ′′ 2′′


 q r 
φ
h
0
 
′′
1 ∂φ 
S =  gφh S0,x′′ − Sf,x′′ + gh2 ′′  C)*DDBF

2 ∂x
0
/A 97GH>I<=H; J: B:G GKG<LM:G J@7NIA<=H;G AI ;=O:AI J: >@=;<:98AB: :;<9: J:IP
MA=>>:G J: BA>BI> Q:9M:< J: J7<:9M=;:9 >:G RIP NI= >A <9AO:9G:;<*
# QA9<=9 J:G E=>A;G J: MAGG: :< J: NIA;<=<7 J: MHIO:M:;<S => :G< QHGG=E>:
J@7<AE>=9 >:G 7NIA<=H;G J: Q9HQATA<=H; J:G 7BHI>:M:;<G I;=4 :< E=J=M:;G=H;;:>*
U=:; NI: >:G 7NIA<=H;G GH=:;< J=V79:;<:GS :; >:G 977B9=OA;< JA;G >: 97879:;<=:>
AGGHB=7 ? >@=;<:98AB: :;<9: J:IP MA=>>:G J: BA>BI>S H; MH;<9: NI@:>>:G G@7B9=O:;<
<HI<:G J:IP GHIG >A MWM: 8H9M:* /A 97GH>I<=H; J: B:G 7NIA<=H;G QHI99A JH;B G:
8A=9: QA9 I;: M7<XHJH>HT=: I;=NI: COH=9 !XAQ=<9: YF*
!"#$%&' (
!"#$%&'#( )*" !+%,&'#(" )*
-.#-,/,&'#( -,. $, 0!&1#)*
)*" 2#$%0*" 3('"
!""#$%&
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!" #$%&'()*+, -, './&$0)(&1 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 23

!4 5./&$0)(&1 -, $6 76')(, 8&1/,'96)(9, -,/ .:06)(&1/ ! ! ! ! ! 24
!"!# $%&'()*+,%- .*&*.+/&,0+,1(2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 34
!"!" 5-+/6&*+,%- )2 )%-6 720 .*&*.+/&,0+,1(20 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 38
!"!4 9*).() 7( :2.+2(& ;(< F = )>,-+2&?*.2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 33
!"!4!# @0+,'*+,%- 7( +2&'2 0%(&.2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 33
!"!4!" @<A&200,%- 720 .%'A%0*-+20 7( :2.+2(& ;(< F∗ ! ! ! 3B
!"!4!4 @0+,'*+,%- 720 :*&,*C)20 = )>,-+2&?*.2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 3D
@0+,'*+,%- 7( ;(< 72 '*002 F1∗ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 3D
@0+,'*+,%- 7( +2&'2 0%(&.2 (∆S0 )LR ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! B"
@0+,'*+,%- 7( ;(< 72 1(*-+,+/ 72 '%(:2'2-+ F2∗ ! ! ! B"
!"! 5'A)*-+*+,%- 7( 0%):2(& E%&FG ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! B8
!; <1).%'6)(&1 -,/ ),'+,/ -, ='&)),+,1) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! >>
!4!# H/+2&',-*+,%- 7( &*I%- JI7&*(),1(2 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! BD
!4!" K/0%)(+,%- 720 /1(*+,%-0 7,L/&2-+,2))20 %&7,-*,&20 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! DM
! ?6$80$ -,/ @0A B )'69,'/ $,/ (1),'=68,/ (1).'(,0',/ ! ! ! ! ! ! C"
! !# NIA%+JO020 72 +&*:*,) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! D#
! !" P&*-0?2&+ 72 '*002 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! D"
! !"!# F00O.J2'2-+ 72 )* '*,))2 "H Q:%,& $,6(&2 !BQ*RR ! ! D"
! !"!" S1(,),C&*62 720 '*,))20 #H 2+ "H Q:%,& $,6(&2 !BQCR
2+ Q.RR ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! D4
! !4 @1(,),C&*62 72 )* 1(*-+,+/ 72 '%(:2'2-+ +&*-0:2&0*)2 ! ! ! ! D
! ! P&*-0?2&+ 72 1(*-+,+/ 72 '%(:2'2-+ )%-6,+(7,-*)2 ! ! ! ! ! ! DT
!D E,/)(&1 -,/ ,A)'.+()./ -0 8616$ "F ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! C>
!G E,/)(&1 -,/ 8&1-()(&1/ 60A $(+(),/ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! C>
!2 F(/8'.)(/6)(&1 /76)(6$, -, $6 H&1, -I.)0-, ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! CC
!
"#$%&'() *+ (,-./0'&.1 2)- ,30$'&.1- 2) %(.%$4$'&.1 %$(
! /$ 5,'#.2) 2)- 6./05)- 7&1&-
!"#$% &%'$(#)*#+!
1D 89 :;<<=:>;?> @ ABCD=EA9F9?> E?GHGF9?8G=??9A
1D→2D 89 :;<<=:>;?> ;E >:;?8I9:> H9<EG8 A; F;GAA9 J2 K9:8 A; F;GAA9 L2
2D 89 :;<<=:>;?> @ ABCD=EA9F9?> MGHGF9?8G=??9A
2D→1D 89 :;<<=:>;?> ;E >:;?8I9:> H9<EG8 A; F;GAA9 L2 K9:8 A; F;GAA9 J2
b 89 :;<<=:>;?> @ A; AGFG>9 HE F;GAA;N9
i 89 :;<<=:>;?> @ A; F;GAA9 H9 D;ADEA ? i
i,j 89 :;<<=:>;?> @ ABG?>9:I;D9 9?>:9 A98 CACF9?>8 H9 D;ADEA ? i 9> ? j
L 89 :;<<=:>;?> @ ABC>;> N;EDO9 HE <:=MAPF9 H9 (G9F;??
LR 89 :;<<=:>;?> @ ABG?>9:I;D9 HE <:=MAPF9 H9 (G9F;??
R 89 :;<<=:>;?> @ ABC>;> H:=G> HE <:=MAPF9 H9 (G9F;??
t 89 :;<<=:>;?> @ ABCD=EA9F9?> >:;?8K9:8;A
/G8>9 H98 G?HGD98
,-)+'.!* &%'$(#)*#+!
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
c
89 :;<<=:>;?> @ A; K;:G;MA9 ;<:P8 A; :C8=AE>G=? H9 A; <;:>G9 D=?89:K;>GK9
H98 CQE;>G=?8
f
89 :;<<=:>;?> @ A; K;:G;MA9 ;<:P8 G?>CN:;>G=? H98 >9:F98 H9 I:=>>9F9?>
l
89 :;<<=:>;?> @ A; K;:G;MA9 ;<:P8 >:;?8I9:> H9 A; QE;?>G>C H9 F=EK9F9?>
A=?NG>EHG?;A9
m
89 :;<<=:>;?> @ A; K;:G;MA9 ;<:P8 CQEGAGM:;N9 H9 A; F;889
n
89 :;<<=:>;?> ;E nième <;8 H9 >9F<8 H9 D;ADEA
n+1/2 89 :;<<=:>;?> @ A; F=R9??9 9?>:9 A98 <;8 H9 >9F<8 n 9> n + 1
t
89 :;<<=:>;?> @ A; K;:G;MA9 ;<:P8 CQEGAGM:;N9 H9 A; QE;?>G>C H9
F=EK9F9?> >:;?8K9:8;A9
∗
89 :;<<=:>;?> @ A; S=?9 G?>9:FCHG;G:9 HBC>;> D=?8>;?>
(0) 89 :;<<=:>;?> ;ET K;:G;MA98 @ ABG?>9:I;D9 H;?8 A9 MGA;? H98 I=:D98
(1) 89 :;<<=:>;?> ;ET K;:G;MA98 @ ABG?>9:I;D9 H;?8 ABCQE;>G=? H9 F;889
(2) 89 :;<<=:>;?> ;ET K;:G;MA98 @ ABG?>9:I;D9 H;?8 ABCQE;>G=? H9 QE;?>G>C H9
F=EK9F9?>
(S) 89 :;<<=:>;?> ;ET K;:G;MA98 @ ABG?>9:I;D9 H;?8 A9 >9:F9 8=E:D9
/G8>9 H98 9T<=8;?>8
/012+3% &%'$(#)*#+! 4!#*5

A 5;>:GD9 U;D=MG9??9
A !"#$%& &' ()$' *& )$ +$,))& *& %$)%!) m2
c -.).",/. *&0 1'*&0 *& ("&00,1' m s−1
cs -.).",/. *& ("1($2$/,1' *! %31% m s−1
E∆t 4(."$/&!" *& %$)%!) *&0 5!6 7 /"$8&"0 )&0 ,'/&"#$%&0
,'/.",&!"&0 (&'*$'/ )$ *!".& ∆t
F 9&%/&!" *& 5!6 7 /"$8&"0 ):,'/&"#$%&
Fa ; Fb ; Fc <1"%&0 *& ("&00,1' &6&"%.&0 7 ):,'/&"#$%& kg m s−2
f <1'%/,1' *1'/ )$ *.=',/,1' &0/ (".%,0.& )1"0 *& 01'
!/,),0$/,1'
g >%%.)."$/,1' 2"$8,/$/,1''&))& m s−2
h ?$!/&!" *:&$! m
!
!"#$%& '&()*+,-+$. /.+-0

Id "#$%&'( &)(*$&$+
K "#$%&'( )(, -('$(.%, /%0/%(, )( A
K∆t 1/+%#$(.% )2&*$+3%#$&0* )(, $(%4(, )( 5%0$$(4(*$ /(*)#*$
6# ).%+( ∆t
K 70(8'&(*$ )( 9$%&':6(% m1/3 s−1
L∆t 1/+%#$(.% )( %+,06.$&0* )( 6# /#%$&( '0*,(%-#$&-( )(,
+;.#$&0*, /(*)#*$ 6# ).%+( ∆t
L <0*3.(.% )( 62&*$(%5#'( &*$+%&(.%( m
Li,j <0*3.(.% )( 62&*$(%5#'( (*$%( 6(, 4#&66(, )( '#6'.6 * i ($ j m
N (i) =04>%( )( '(66.6(, #?#*$ .*( &*$(%5#'( (* '044.* #-(' 6#
'(66.6( * i
Pi,j "#$%&'( )( /#,,#3( ). %+5+%(*$&(6 360>#6 #. %+5+%(*$&(6
#$$#'@+ A 62&*$(%5#'( (*$%( 6(, '(66.6(, * i ($ j
Q B+>&$ )( 62+'0.6(4(*$ m3 s−1
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
q B+>&$ .*&$#&%( )#*, 6# )&%('$&0* Ox m2 s−1

Rh,x C Rh,y D#?0*, @?)%#.6&;.( )( 62+'0.6(4(*$ m
r B+>&$ .*&$#&%( )#*, 6# )&%('$&0* Oy m2 s−1
S E('$(.% )(, $(%4(, ,0.%'( )#*, 6( %+5+%(*$&(6 #,,0'&+ A
62&*$(%5#'(
"#$%&'( )(, $(%4(, ,0.%'( )+F*&( /#% S = K−1 S0
′ ′
S
S0 E('$(.% )(, $(%4(, ,0.%'( 6&+, A 6# 3+04+$%&( )#*, 6(
%+5+%(*$&(6 #,,0'&+ A 62&*$(%5#'(
S 9('$&0* )( 62+'0.6(4(*$ m2
"0?(**( )( 6# k ième '04/0,#*$( ). -('$(.% S 6( 60*3 ).
′ ′
Sk
'@(4&* )2&*$+3%#$&0*
t 700%)0**+( )( $(4/, s
U E('$(.% )(, -#%&#>6(, )( 62+'0.6(4(*$ )#*, 6( %+5+%(*$&(6
360>#6
u 704/0,#*$( ). -('$(.% -&$(,,( )#*, 6# )&%('$&0* Ox m s−1
V E06.4( )2(#. m3
v 704/0,#*$( ). -('$(.% -&$(,,( )#*, 6# )&%('$&0* Oy m s−1
W "#$%&'( )(, &*-#%&#*$, )( D&(4#**
x GH%( '00%)0**+( )2(,/#'( )#*, 6( %+5+%(*$&(6 #$$#'@+ A m
62&*$(%5#'(
z 70$( )( 6# ,.%5#'( 6&>%( m
zb 70$( ). 50*) m
β I*36( (*$%( 62#J( ). '#*#6 GB ($ 62&*$(%5#'( &*$+%&(.%( rad
∆S0 K*$+3%#6( ). $(%4( ,0.%'( A 62&*$(%5#'( m3 s−2
∆t L#, )( $(4/, )( '#6'.6 s
∆x L#, )2(,/#'( )( '#6'.6 m
Λ "#$%&'( )(, -#6(.%, /%0/%(, )( A
λ 7+6+%&$+ )( /%0/#3#$&0* )(, 0*)(, m s−1
φ L0%0,&$+ ∅
ρ "#,,( -06.4&;.( kg m−3
Ψ 70(8'&(*$ )( $.%>.6(*'( ∅
χ L+%&4H$%( 40.&66+ )( 62+'0.6(4(*$ m
<&,$( )(, -#%&#>6(,
"#$%&'() *+ (,-./0'&.1 2)- ,30$'&.1- 2) %(.%$4$'&.1 %$(
! /$ 5,'#.2) 2)- 6./05)- 7&1&-
/8 9:;<=>?@<8 A8 B:CD>=E8 A8@ FGC=H?:I@ A8 D;:D=E=H?:I AFJ8>:DDF =C BK=L

D?H;8 D;FBFA8IH D8;<8H AM8IJ?@=E8; >= <:AF>?@=H?:I CI?A?<8I@?:II8>>8 A8@ FB:CL
>8<8IH@ B=I=>?@F@N B:CD>F8 O >= <:AF>?@=H?:I P?A?<8I@?:II8>>8 A8@ FB:C>8<8IH@
A=I@ >= Q:I8 AM8RD=I@?:I A8 B;C8+ /M:PS8BH?9 A8 B8 BK=D?H;8 8@H A8 D;F@8IH8; >8@
<FHK:A8@ IC<F;?GC8@ 8<D>:TF8@ D:C; ;F@:CA;8 >8@ A?UF;8IH@ @T@HV<8@ AMFGC=L
H?:I@ B:IB8;IF@+ /M=>E:;?HK<8 E>:P=> 8@H H:CH AM=P:;A D;F@8IHFN DC?@ >8@ D;?IB?L
D=>8@ FH=D8@ A8 B=>BC> @:IH AFH=?>>F8@+
/= <FHK:A:>:E?8 A8 B=>BC> 8<D>:TF8 A=I@ B8HH8 D=;H?8 = A:IIF >?8C O CI8
DCP>?B=H?:I WXYZ+
!" #$%&'()*+, -, './&$0)(&1

/MFGC=H?:I [\+]*^ 8@H A?@B;FH?@F8 DC?@ ;F@:>C8 O BK=GC8 D=@ A8 H8<D@ A8 B=>BC>
8I CH?>?@=IH >= <FHK:A8 A8@ D=@ 9;=BH?:II=?;8@ [J:?; -8BH?:I _+]+\+X^+ "8HH8 =DL
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
D;:BK8 B:I@?@H8 O ;F@:CA;8 >M?IHFE;=>?HF AC D;:P>V<8 @:C@ 9:;<8 AMCI8 @CBB8@@?:I

A8 D;:P>V<8@ ` >= @:>CH?:I ?I?H?=>8 AMCI @:C@LD;:P>V<8 FH=IH >= @:>CH?:I aI=>8 AC
@:C@LD;:P>V<8 D;FBFA8IH W_bZ+
c B:I@H;CBH?:I AC <=?>>=E8 @C; >8GC8> >8@ FGC=H?:I@ A?@B;FH?@F8@ @8;:IH ;F@:L
>C8@ [B8HH8 FH=D8 8@H ;F=>?@F8 CI8 @8C>8 9:?@ =C AFPCH AC B=>BC>^N
c ;F@:>CH?:I A8 >= D=;H?8 B:I@8;J=H?J8 A8@ FGC=H?:I@ 8I D;8I=IH 8I B:<DH8
>8@ H8;<8@ @:C;B8 >?F@ O >= EF:<FH;?8N
c ?IHFE;=H?:I A8@ H8;<8@ A8 9;:HH8<8IHN
c B=>BC> A8@ dCR O H;=J8;@ >8@ ?IH8;9=B8@ ?IHF;?8C;8@ [D;?@8 8I B:<DH8 A8@
H8;<8@ AMFBK=IE8^+
$ >= aI A8 BK=GC8 FH=D8 A8 >M=>E:;?HK<8N CI8 J=>8C; ?IH8;<FA?=?;8 A8 >= J=;?=P>8
8@H B=>BC>F8 e Un,c N Un,f N +++ [J:?; 7?EC;8 *+X^+
5=HKF<=H?GC8<8IHN >M=>E:;?HK<8 A8 ;F@:>CH?:I D8CH fH;8 FB;?H @:C@ >= 9:;<8
@C?J=IH8 e
Un+1 = E∆t K∆t L∆t Un [*+X^
$
:g E∆t ;8D;F@8IH8 >M:DF;=H8C; A8 B=>BC> A8@ dCR O H;=J8;@ >8@ ?IH8;9=B8@ ?IHF;?8C;8@
D8IA=IH >= AC;F8 ∆tN K∆t >M:DF;=H8C; AM?IHFE;=H?:I A8@ 9;:HH8<8IH@ @C; ∆t 8H
L∆t >M:DF;=H8C; A8 ;F@:>CH?:I A8 >= D=;H?8 B:I@8;J=H?J8 A8@ FGC=H?:I@+ /M:;A;8 A8
B=>BC> A8@ A?UF;8IH8@ FH=D8@ IM=N HKF:;?GC8<8IHN D=@ AM?<D:;H=IB8 AV@ >:;@ GC8
>8 D=@ A8 H8<D@ A8 B=>BC> H8IA J8;@ 0 [∆t → 0^+ "K=BCI8 A8@ FH=D8@ AFB;?H8@
B?L=D;V@ 8@H ?IHFE;F8 @C; >M8I@88 AC D=@ A8 H8<D@+ $aI AM=<F>?:;8; >= D;FB?L
@?:I AC <:AV>8N ?> 8@H D:@@?P>8 AMCH?>?@8; CI @BKF<= AM:;A;8 _ D:C; >M?IHFE;=H?:I
H8<D:;8>>8 A8@ 9;:HH8<8IH@ e

Un+1 = E∆t K /2 L∆t K /2 Un [*+_^
∆t ∆t
/M=CE<8IH=H?:I A8 >M:;A;8 8@H D:@@?P>8 ` B8>= @M=BB:<D=EI8 EFIF;=>8<8IH AMCI8

=CE<8IH=H?:I I:H=P>8 AC I:<P;8 AMFH=D8@ A8 B=>BC> 8H >?<?H8 AM=CH=IH >= ;=D?A?HF
AM8RFBCH?:I AC B:A8 A8 B=>BC>+ 0I8 <FHK:A:>:E?8 D:C; >?<?H8; B8@ D;:P>V<8@ 8@H
D;F@8IHF8 A=I@ Wb*Z+
!"! #$%&'()*+, -, './&$0)(&1 2"
n,l n+1
tité d
e U =U
uan inale
de q ngitud n ré s o l
t o
r tl
sfe en
an vem
U u ti o n
de
ou
m tr
de la p
n,t sé
U q
ar
tie ns
ua
tio
co
mouvement transvers é de
nse
ale
équilibrage de la quantit
r
v ati ve
n,c
U
n,m
U
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
se
as
am
el
ged
ra
ilib
équ
n,f
U
!"#$% !" 3 /45678 9:; 6<8=:; 9: 48>4?>
@A?B 4:B<8CD; 48; =8B<C4?>C:B; E4AD9C<CAD; 8?F >C7C<:;G :F<B67C<6; 9? 48D8>G

:<4!HG >8 76<5A9A>AIC: I6D6B8>: 9: B6;A>?<CAD D: =:?< J<B: 8==>CK?6:! $:; 76L
<5A9:; D?76BCK?:; ?<C>C;6:; =A?B 4:; 48; ;AD< 6I8>:7:D< =B6;:D<6:;!
$MCD<6IB8<CAD <:7=AB:>>: 9:; 6K?8<CAD; :;< B68>C;6: N =8B<CB 9M?D ;45678 :FL
=>C4C<:! $: 4BC<OB: 9: PA?B8D< =B6;:D<6 N >8 ;:4<CAD Q!" 9AC< =8B 4AD;6K?:D< J<B:
R6BCS6 =A?B I8B8D<CB >8 ;<8TC>C<6 9? ;45678! $8 UAB7?>8<CAD EQ!VH :;< :7=>AW6:
=A?B 96<:B7CD:B >: =8; 9: <:7=; 9: 48>4?> :D UAD4<CAD 9? 78C>>8I: :< 9:; R8L
BC8T>:; 9: >M64A?>:7:D<! @A?B 458K?: 78C>>: 9: 48>4?>G >: =8; 9: <:7=; 78FC78>
897C;;CT>: :;< 48>4?>6 X >: =8; 9: <:7=; ?<C>C;6 =A?B >MC<6B8<CAD :;< >: =>?; =:<C< 9:
<A?< >:; =8; 9: <:7=; 897C;;CT>:;! -8D; ?D =B:7C:B <:7=;G >8 =8B<C: 4AD;:BR8<CR:
9:; 6K?8<CAD; :;< B6;A>?:! $:; 6K?8<CAD; ?DC9C7:D;CADD:>>:; EQ! YH :< TC9C7:DL
;CADD:>>:; EQ! ZH B664BC<:; 98D; >: B6U6B:D<C:> 9: >MCD<:BU84: ;AD< 9C;4B6<C;6:; 9: >8
78DCOB: ;?CR8D<: [
∆t X h −1 n+1/2
n+1/2
i
Un+1
i = U n
i − P F
i,j i,j L i,j + Si,j E !QH
Ai i
j∈N (i)
A\ Pi,j B:=B6;:D<: >8 78<BC4: 9: =8;;8I: 9? B6U6B:D<C:> =AB<8D< >: ;W;<O7:

9M6K?8L
<CAD; ER (O; x; y; z) =A?B >:; 64A?>:7:D<; TC9C7:D;CADD:>; :< R
′ ′ ′
O; x ; y ; z
=A?B >:; 64A?>:7:D<; ?DC9C7:D;CADD:>;H 8? B6U6B:D<C:> 8;;A4C6 N >MCD<:BU84:G ∆t
:;< >: =8; 9: <:7=; 9: 48>4?>G Ai >8 ;?BU84: :D =>8D 9: >8 78C>>: 9: 48>4?> iG Li,j
>8 >ADI?:?B 9: >MCD<:BU84: :D<B: >:; 78C>>:; 9: 48>4?> i :< j :< N (i) >: DA7TB:
"#$%&'() *+ (,-./0'&.1 2)- ,30$'&.1- 2) %(.%$4$'&.1 %$(
! /$ 5,'#.2) 2)- 6./05)- 7&1&-
89 :9;;<;9= >?>@A <@9 B@A9CD>:9 9@ :EFF<@ >G9: ;> :9;;<;9 iH Uni 9=A ;> FE?9@@9
n+1/2
89= G>CB>I;9= 8JK:E<;9F9@A =<C ;> :9;;<;9 i >< L>= 89 A9FL= nH Fi,j 9=A ;9 M<N
8>@= ;> 8BC9:ABE@
@ECF>;9
O ;JB@A9CD>:9 9@AC9 ;9= F>B;;9= 89 :>;:<; i 9A j L9@8>@A
n+1/2
;> 8<CK9 ∆t 9A Si,j C9LCK=9@A9 ;JB@M<9@:9 =<C ;> F>B;;9 89 :>;:<; i L9@8>@A
i
;> 8<CK9 ∆t 8< A9CF9 =E<C:9 :>;:<;K O ;JB@A9CD>:9 9@AC9 ;9= F>B;;9= i 9A j + "EFF9
FE@ACK O ;> =9:ABE@ P+*H ;9= =?=AQF9= 8JKR<>ABE@= SP+*TU 9A SP+*VU L9<G9@A WAC9
AC>@=DECFK= 9@ <@ =?=AQF9 KR<BG>;9@A <@B8BF9@=BE@@9; 8>@= ;> 8BC9:ABE@ @ECX
F>;9 O ;JB@A9CD>:9 SP+Y*U+ /> CK=E;<ABE@ 89 :9 =?=AQF9 8JKR<>ABE@=
LE<C :Z>R<9
n+1/2 n+1/2
B@A9CD>:9 L9CF9A 89 :>;:<;9C ;9= A9CF9= Fi,j 9A Si,j +
i
!" #$%&'()*&+ ,- '. /.0)*- 1&+%-02.)*2- ,-% $3(.4

)*&+%
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
2>@= ;9 CKDKC9@AB9; >==E:BK O ;JB@A9CD>:9 9@AC9 89<N F>B;;9= 89 :>;:<;H ;9= =?=X
AQF9= 8JKR<>ABE@= <@BX 9A IB8BF9@=BE@@9; =E@A AE<= 89<N 89= =?=AQF9= 8JKR<>X
ABE@= <@B8BF9@=BE@@9;= SGEBC -9:ABE@ P+*U+ /9= =?=AQF9= 8JKR<>ABE@ 89 LCEL>[>X
ABE@ KA>@A AE<= 89<N <@B8BF9@=BE@@9;=H <@9 FKAZE8E;E[B9 <@BR<9 L9CF9A ;9<C
CK=E;<ABE@+ .@ L9<A FE@AC9C R<9 :9= =?=AQF9= 8JKR<>ABE@= =E@A Z?L9CIE;BR<9=+
.@ =JB@AKC9==9 8>@= :9AA9 L>CAB9 <@BR<9F9@A >< LC9FB9C L>= DC>:ABE@@>BC9
S;JELKC>A9<C L∆t 89 S*+\UU R CK=E;<ABE@ 89 ;> L>CAB9 :E@=9CG>ABG9
89= KR<>ABE@= 9A 89= A9CF9= =E<C:9 ;BK= O ;> [KEFKACB9 ]
∂U ∂F
+ = S0 S*+*>U
∂t ∂x
>G9:  
φh
U =  φq  S*+*IU
φr
φq
 
 q 2
1
φ + gφh2  S*+*:U

F= h 2
qr

φ
h
0
 
∂z 1 ∂φ 
S0 =  −gφh b + gh2 S*+*8U

∂x 2 ∂x

0
.@ =9 LCELE=9 89 :>;:<;9C ;9 M<N O ;JB@A9CD>:9 9@AC9 89<N F>B;;9= 89 :>;:<; L>C ;>
CK=E;<ABE@ 8J<@ LCEI;QF9 89 (B9F>@@+ 29<N >LLCE:Z9= =9@=BI;9F9@A 8B^KC9@A9=
9NB=A9@A ] :>;:<;9C ;> G>;9<C 89= G>CB>I;9= :E@=9CGK9= U L<B= 9@ 8K8<BC9 ;> G>;9<C
8< M<N F E< :>;:<;9C 8BC9:A9F9@A ;9 M<N O ;JB@A9CD>:9+ /> LC9FBQC9 >LLCE:Z9
@K:9==BA9 AE<A9DEB= 8J9=ABF9C ;> G>;9<C 89 :Z>R<9 L>C>FQAC9 S:EA9 8< DE@8 9A
LECE=BAKU >< @BG9>< 89 ;JB@A9CD>:9+ /J9=ABF>ABE@ 89 :9AA9 G>;9<C 8EBA WAC9 D>BA9
!"! #$%&'()*&+ ,- '. /.#)*- 0&+%-#1.)*1- ,-% $2(.)*&+%34
Etat Gauche Onde de Zone intermédiaire Onde de Etat Droit

U raréfaction d’état constant raréfaction
UL
U*
UR
x
t
∆t
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
x
λ1,L λ*1 λ*3 λ3,R
!"#$% !" 5 %6789687: ;8<<=;>: ?: @A ;=@86B=C <=87 @: ?>D:@=<<:E:C6 ?8 ;=@F

D:87 ?G>6A6 A<<7=9H>! IA86 J %6789687: ?: @A ;=@86B=C K LA; J %6789687: ?: @A
9=CMN87A6B=C ?G=C?: ?AC; @G:;<A9: ?:; <HA;:;
<A7 @: OBAB; ?G8C: P=C96B=C ?><:C?AC6 ?:; DA@:87; ?AC; @:; EAB@@:; ?: 9A@98@
;><A7>:; <A7 @GBC6:7PA9:! 'A ?>6:7EBCA6B=C ?: 9:66: P=C96B=C :;6 7:@A6BD:E:C6
?>@B9A6: ?AC; @A E:;87: =Q @A DA@:87 ?: 9HAR8: <A7AES67: T @GBC6:7PA9: CGA <A; ?:
;BNCBM9A6B=C <HU;BR8:! 'A ;:9=C?: E>6H=?: ;:7A ?=C9 <7BDB@>NB>:! ,G8C <=BC6 ?:
D8: A@N=7B6HEBR8:V @A 7>;=@86B=C ?:; W8X T 67AD:7; 8C: BC6:7PA9: :;6 7>A@B;>: <A7
@: OBAB; ?G8C ;=@D:87 ?: #B:EACC ?G>6A6 A<<7=9H> ?=C6 @A E>6H=?=@=NB: ?: 9A@98@
:;6 <7>;:C6>: T @A ;:96B=C !"!4! 0: ;=@D:87 A >6> C=EE> Y ;=@D:87 /=7.% Z <=87
Y !"!#$%& '(("!)$*+%, -%+%, #!./," Z! 'A ;6789687: ?: @A ;=@86B=C :;6 OA;>: ;87
@GHU<=6HS;: ?: ?:8X =C?:; ?: 7A7>PA96B=C ;><A7AC6 8C: [=C: ?G>6A6 9=C;6AC6 ?:;
>6A6; NA89H: :6 ?7=B6 ?8 <7=O@SE: ?: #B:EACC \D=B7 ]BN87: !"^!
!"!# $%&'()*+,%- .*&*.+/&,0+,1(2

'G>R8A6B=C ?: 9=C;:7DA6B=C \ ! A^ :;6 E8@6B<@B>: T NA89H: <A7 @A EA67B9:
_A9=OB:CC: A J
∂U ∂F
A +A = AS0 \ !`^
∂t ∂x
"#$%&'() !* (+,-./'&-0 1), +2/$'&-0, 1) %(-%$3$'&-0 %$(
! .$ 4+'#-1) 1), 5-./4), 6&0&,
78 A 9:; <= >=;?@A9 B=A7C@9DD9 EFGD@9 H=? I

 
0 1 0
∂F
A= =  c2 − u2 2u 0  J!*KL
∂U
−uv v u
78 c 9:; <= M@;9::9 E9 H?7H=N=;@7D E9: 7DE9: E9 H?9::@7D E=D: <O9=P =P ?9H7: I
1/2
gh2

d
c= = (gh)1/2 J!* L
dh 2
)D ?9>H<=Q=D; A H=? :7D 9RH?9::@7D J!*KLS <OFTP=;@7D J!*UL H9P; V;?9 FA?@;9 :7P:
<= W7?>9 I
∂F ∂F
+A = AS0 J!*XL
∂t ∂x
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
"9;;9 FA?@;P?9 A7??9:H7DE Y <= W7?>9 A=?=A;F?@:;@TP9 E9 J!*!=L FA?@;9 =M9A <9
M9A;9P? ZPR*
.= >=;?@A9 Λ E9: M=<9P?: H?7H?9: E9 S <= >=;?@A9 !
E9: M9A;9P?: H?7H?9:
E9 9; <= >=;?@A9 @DM9?:9 E9 !:7D; EFGD@9: H=? I
 
u−c 0 0
Λ= 0 u 0 
0 0 u+c
 
1 0 1
K= u−c 0 u+c 
v 1 v
 
u+c −1 0
1
K−1 =  −2cv 0 2c  J!*[L
2c
−(u − c) 1 0
.9: AF<F?@;F: EO7DE9 A7??9:H7DE9D; =PR M=<9P?: H?7H?9: E9 <= >=;?@A9 B=A7C@9DD9
9; :7D; E7DA E7DDF9: H=? I
λ1 = u − c
λ2 = u J!*\]L
λ3 = u + c
.OFTP=;@7D J!*XL 9:; >P<;@H<@F9 Y N=PA^9 H=? K−1 I
∂F ∂F
K−1 + K−1 A = K−1 AS0 J!*\\L
∂t ∂x
)D @D;?7EP@:=D; <= >=;?@A9 @E9D;@;F J Id = KK−1 L E=D: J!*\\LS @< 9:; H7::@C<9 E9
W=@?9 =HH=?=_;?9 Λ = K−1 AK I
∂F ∂F
K−1 + ΛK−1 = ΛK−1 S0 J!*\`L
∂t ∂x
!"! #$%&'()*&+ ,- '. /.#)*- 0&+%-#1.)*1- ,-% $2(.)*&+%34
'5 67858976 dW = K−1 dF :;<=;8 >; <??@<9<; A !B"C D7ED F5 G7<=; H
∂W ∂W ′
+Λ = ΛS A !BIC
∂t ∂x
7J F; 8;<=; D7E<@; S ;D8 >?K69 :5< H

′
′
S = K−1 S0 A !B C
';D L;@8;E<D dW ;8 S D768 :5< @76D?ME;68 >766?D :5< F;D ;N:<;DD976D H

′
   
λ3 dF1 − dF2 −S0
1  ′ 1
dW = −2cvdF1 + 2cdF3  , S =  0  A !B4C
2c 2c
−λ1 dF1 + dF2 S0
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
7J Fk=(1,2,3) @7<<;D:76> O F5 k ème @7=:7D568; >E L;@8;E< F ;8 7J S0 @7<<;D:76>

O F5 >;EN9P=; @7=:7D568; >E L;@8;E< S0 ! 'Q?ME58976 A !BIC ;D8 ?ME9L5F;68; 5EN
<;F58976D >9R?<;689;FF;D DE9L568;D H
dWk ′ dx
= λk Sk pour = λk , k = 1, ..., 3 A !BSC
dt dt
7J FQ96>9@; k @7<<;D:76> O F5 k ème @7=:7D568; >;D L;@8;E<D >; FQ?ME58976 A !BIC

;8 7J H
3
X
dWk = −1
Kl,k dFl A !B3C
l=1
7J −1
Kl,k ;D8 F5 L5F;E< O F5 l @7F766; ;8 O F5 k ème F9T6; >; F5 =58<9@; K−1 ;8
ème
Fl ;D8 F5 lème @7=:7D568; >E L;@8;E< UEN F! %9 F; L;@8;E< dW :;E8 V8<; 968?T<?
5F7<D F;D Wk D768 F;D 96L5<9568D >E :<7WFP=; >; #9;=566!
!"!" #$%&'()%*+$ ,- ,+$' .-/ 0)()0%&(*/%*12-/

*F 5 ?8? =768<? ME; FQ968?T<58976 >; dW 6; :;E8 @76>E9<; O >;D 96L5<9568D
>; #9;=566 96>?:;6>568D D5EG >56D @;<8596D @5D :5<89@EF9;<D A:5< ;N;=:F; :7E<
F;D DXD8P=;D 2 × 2 >; F79D >; @76D;<L58976DC YISZ! '5 =?8[7>; :<?D;68?; @9\5:<PD
;D8 :5< @76D?ME;68 W5D?; DE< F5 G7<=EF58976 T?6?<5F; A !BSC!
n+1/2
/7E< ;D89=;< F; UEN Fi,j ] FQ?ME58976 A !BSC >798 V8<; 968?T<?; ;68<; F; :7968
M xi+1/2 , tn+1/2 ;8 F; :9;> Ak >; F5 k ème @5<5@8?<9D89ME; :5DD568 :5< M H
$
dx/dt = λk AL79< ^9TE<; !IC! -6 G59D568 FQ[X:78[PD; ME; F5 @?F?<98? >Q76>; λk

;D8 @76D8568; DE< F; :5D >; 8;=:D >; @5F@EF] FQ968?T<58976 >; FQ?ME58976 A !BSC
@76>E98 O H
M tn+1/2
∆t
ˆ ˆ
′
A !B_C
′
dWk = λk Sk dt ≈ λk Sk , k = 1, 2, 3
Ak tn 2
"#$%&'() *+ (,-./0'&.1 2)- ,30$'&.1- 2) %(.%$4$'&.1 %$(
! /$ 5,'#.2) 2)- 6./05)- 7&1&-
!"#$% *+8 9 -:;<=> ?@ ?<ABCDCEB ?F :;@=CB ?GCBD<HI>DCEB J@ JEBH ?@K :>I>:D<L

tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
ICKDCMF@K+
EN Sk @KD J> =EO@BB@ ?@ Sk J@ JEBH ?F :;@=CB ?GCBD<HI>DCEB+ )B KFPKDCDF>BD Q*+R S

′ ′
?>BK Q*+RTSU EB EPDC@BD V

M 3
∆t
ˆ X
−1
Q*+RWS
′
Kl,k dFl = λk Sk , k = 1, 2, 3
Ak l=1 2
/@K :E@X:C@BDK ?@ J> =>DIC:@ K−1 KEBD @FY >FKKC KFZZEK<K :EBKD>BDK J@ JEBH ?@K
:>I>:D<ICKDCMF@K [*\]+ /@K :E@X:C@BDK ?@ J> k ème JCHB@ ?@ J> =>DIC:@ KEBD ?EB:
:>J:FJ<K ^ Z>IDCI ?@K _>J@FIK ?>BK J> :@JJFJ@ ?>BK J>MF@JJ@ @KD KCDF< J@ ZC@? Ak ?@
J> k ème :>I>:D<ICKDCMF@ V
−1
Kl,k (UL ) si λk > 0
−1
Kl,k = −1 Q*+\`S
Kl,k (UR ) si λk < 0
2>BK J> =@KFI@ EN J@K :E@X:C@BDK ?@ J> =>DIC:@ −1 @D J@K λk KEBD KFZZEK<K aDI@
:EBKD>BDK J@ JEBH ?F :;@=CB ?GCBD<HI>DCEBU JG<MF>DCEB Q*+RWS Z@FD aDI@ <:ICD@ KEFK
J> bEI=@ V
ˆ MX 3 3 ˆ M
X ∆t
−1 −1
Q*+\RS
′
Kl,k dFl ≈ Kl,k dFl = λk Sk , k = 1, 2, 3
Ak Ak 2
l=1 l=1
@D Z>I :EBK<MF@BD V
3
X ∆t
−1
Q*+\\S
′
Kl,k (Fl,M − Fl,Ak ) = λk Sk , k = 1, 2, 3
2
l=1
EN Fl,M @D Fl,Ak I@ZI<K@BD@BD J> lème :E=ZEK>BD@ ?F _@:D@FI F I@KZ@:DC_@=@BD

@B M @D @B Ak + Ak @KD KCDF< ?F :cD< H>F:;@ ?@ JGCBD@Ib>:@ MF>B? λk @KD ZEKCDC_@
!"! #$%&'()*&+ ,- '. /.#)*- 0&+%-#1.)*1- ,-% $2(.)*&+%33
45 67 895: 6;<=5 >7?@6 4AA4 4B5 @:C?5=D4! /?; 8<@B:>74@5 E

Fl,L si λk > 0
Fl,Ak = F !"GH
Fl,R si λk < 0
'? ;:B<A75=<@ 67 BIB5JK4 6L:>7?5=<@B 3×3 F !""H M4;K45 64 8?A87A4; A? D?A47;

64 F 4@ 5<75 M<=@5 M!
!"!# $%&'(& )( *+',+(- .(/ F 0 &123,+-4%'+

&@ 8N4;8N4 O 8?A87A4; A? D?A47; 64 F O AL=@54;P?84 4@5;4 647Q K?=AA4B 64 8?A87A!
n+1/2
&@ P?=5 ALNIM<5NJB4 >74 A? B<A75=<@ 64 F !""H 4B5 :C?A4 O A? D?A47; K<I4@@4 Fi+1/2
4@5;4 A4B 54KMB n 45 n + 1! '? ;:B<A75=<@ 64 F !""H @:84BB=54 64 6:54;K=@4; A?
K<I4@@4 67 54;K4 B<7;84 Sk !
′
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!"!#!$ %&'()*'(+, -. '/0)/ &+.01/

'? D?A47; K<I4@@4 67 54;K4 B<7;84 6?@B F !""H 4B5 4B5=K:4 4@ P<@85=<@ 64B
:5?5B C?78N4 45 6;<=5R 64B D?;=?SA4B O AL=@54;P?84 45 64 A? 8?;?85:;=B5=>74 8<@B=6:T
;:4 E
′ ∂zb ∂φ
F !" H
′
Sk = Sk ULR , ,
∂x LR ∂x LR
<U A4B D?;=?SA4B 8<;;4BM<@6?@5 O A? 5<M<C;?MN=4 O AL=@54;P?84 B<@5 4B5=K:4B M?; E

∂zb zbR − zbL
≈ F !"VH
∂x LR
∆t
(λ3 − λ1 )
2

∂φ φR − φL
≈ F !"WH
∂x LR
∆t
(λ3 − λ1 )
2
-@ =@5:C;?@5 F !"VH 45 F !"WH 6?@B A? 6:X@=5=<@ 64B Sk F !YVHR <@ <S5=4@5 A4B
′
4QM;4BB=<@B B7=D?@54B E
′
  
S1 −S
1 1 1
S′ =  S2  =
′
 0  F !"3H
 
2c 2c ∆t
′
S3 S
2
<U E
z b R − zb L 1 2 φR − φL
S = −g (φh)LR + g (hLR ) F !"ZH
λ 3 − λ1 2 λ 3 − λ1
"#$%&'() *+ (,-./0'&.1 2)- ,30$'&.1- 2) %(.%$4$'&.1 %$(
! /$ 5,'#.2) 2)- 6./05)- 7&1&-
!"!#!" $%&'())*+, -() .+/&+)0,1() -2 3(.1(2' 42% F∗

/89 :;<8=>9 ?>@?>89 A8 5 BC;DC 9=??@9B89 E@D9C;DC89F <; 9=G9CHC=CH@D A8 I*+JK
8C I*+L K A;D9 I*+LLK E@DA=HC ;= 9M9CNO8 9=H:;DC P
dx

λ3 (F1∗ − F1,R ) − (F2∗ − F2,R ) = ∆t
 ′
2 λ1 S1 = −λ1 S1 pour = λ1

 dt
dx

−v (F1∗ − F1,A ) + (F3∗ − F3,A ) = 0 pour = λ2 I*+LJK
 dt
dx


−λ1 (F1∗ − F1,L ) + (F2∗ − F2,L ) = ∆t
′
2 λ 3 S3 = λ 3 S3 pour = λ3


dt
@Q
Fl,L si λ2 > 0
Fl,A = I*+RSK
Fl,R si λ2 < 0
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
8C @Q <8 C8>O8 Fl∗ >8?>B98DC8 <; lème E@O?@9;DC8 A= T=U F∗ V C>;:8>9 <WHDC8>X;E8+
2;D9 I*+LJKF <89 C8>O89 S1 8C S3 E@>>89?@DA8DC V <WHDCBY>;<8 A= C8>O8 9@=>E8 8DC>8
′ ′
<WHDC8>X;E8 8C <8 ?H8A A8 <; E;>;ECB>H9CHZ=8 V <;Z=8<<8 H<9 9@DC ;99@EHB9+ /W89CHO;[
CH@D A89 :;>H;G<89 V <WHDC8>X;E8 DW; ?\M9HZ=8O8DC ?;9 A8 98D9 8C H< 89C DBE899;H>8
AW8D X;H>8 =D8 ;??>@UHO;CH@D 8D X@DECH@D A89 :;>H;G<89 A;D9 <89 E8<<=<89 A>@HC8
8C Y;=E\8+ %<=9H8=>9 ;??>@UHO;CH@D9 ?8=:8DC ]C>8 =CH<H9B89 ^*L_+ %@=> <; >B9@<=[
CH@D A8 I*+LJKF <W\M?@C\N98 Z=8 S1 = S3 89C >B;<H9B8+ /; >B9@<=CH@D A= 9M9CNO8
AWBZ=;CH@D I*+LJK ?8>O8C AWBC;G<H> <W8U?>899H@D A89 Fl∗ P
1


F1∗ = [F2,L − F2,R + λ3 F1,R − λ1 F1,L ]

 λ 3 − λ1 2 φ − φ
(1) zbR − zbL


 1 (1) R L

 −g (φh) LR + 2 g h LR
λ − λ λ − λ

3 1 3 1


∗ 1 I*+R`K
F 2 = [λ 3 F 2,L − λ 1 F 2,R + λ 1 λ 3 (F1,R − F 1,L )]

 λ 3 − λ1 2 φ − φ
(2) zbR − zbL

(2) R L

1
+ (λ3 + λ1 ) −g (φh)LR + 2 g hLR






 λ3 − λ1 λ3 − λ1
 ∗
F3 = F3,A + v (F1∗ − F1,A )
%;> ;H<<8=>9F <; ABC8>OHD;CH@D A89 :;>H;G<89 9=> E\;Z=8 E8<<=<8 A8 E;<E=< ?;>
<8 GH;H9 A8 I*+RK X;HC HDC8>:8DH> <8 C8>O8 9@=>E8 V <WHDC8>X;E8 8DC>8 <89 A8=U E8<<=<89
A8 E;<E=< A@DC <; X@>O8 HDCBY>;<8 ?8=C 9WBE>H>8 P
(S) 1 (S) 2
(∆S0 )LR = −g (φh)LR (zbR − zbL ) + g hLR (φR − φL ) I*+RLK
2
%@=> E\;Z=8 E8<<=<8F E8 C8>O8 89C ?@DAB>B ?;> <; EBHCB AW@DA8 8DC>;DC ?;> <WHD[
C8>X;E8+ /; ABaDHCH@D A89 Fl∗ I*+R`K 8C A= C8>O8 9@=>E8 V <WHDC8>X;E8 X;HC HDC8>:8DH>
2 2
(1) (1) (2) (2) (S)
<; :;<8=> A89 :;>H;G<89 V <WHDC8>X;E8 I (φh)LR F hLR F (φh)LR F hLR F (φh)LR
2
(S)
8C hLR K+
!"! #$%&'()*&+ ,- '. /.#)*- 0&+%-#1.)*1- ,-% $2(.)*&+%34
!"!#!# $%&'()&'*+ ,-% .)/')01-% 2 13'+&-/4)5-

'56789:;89<= >67 ?;@9;AB67 C B59=86@D;E6 678 @F;B97F6 C G;@89@ >6 E;7 GHI79JK67
><=8 B; 7<BK89<= 678 D;E9B6:6=8 >F86@:9=;AB6!
$%&'()&'*+ ,6 768 ,- ()%%- F1∗ &= E<=79>L@6 K= FE<KB6:6=8 G6@:;=6=8

6=8@6 >6KM :;9BB67 >6 E;BEKB G<K@ B67JK6BB67 zb 68 φ 7<=8 JK6BE<=JK67! '5FJK;89<=
>6 E<=89=K98F 75FE@98 ;B<@7 N
O !PPQ
∗
(φhu)L = (φhu)R = (φhu) = q
-= E<:A9=;=8 O !PPQ ;?6E B56MG@6779<= >K RKM F1∗ >;=7 O !PSQT <= <A896=8 N

1 1 $ 2 $ 2
F1∗= q (uL − uR ) + g φh L − φh R +
λ3 − λ1 2
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010

1 (1) 1 (1) 2
(λ3 − λ1 ) q − g (φh)LR (zbR − zbL ) + g hLR (φR − φL ) O !P Q
λ3 − λ1 2
'5FE<KB6:6=8 F8;=8 7KGG<7F G6@:;=6=8T B6 RKM F1∗ C 8@;?6@7 B59=86@D;E6 678

FU;B C q ! &= <A896=8 ><=E B; @6B;89<= 7K9?;=86 N
1 $
q (uL − uR ) + g φh2 L − φh2 R
$
2
(1) 1 (1) 2
− g (φh)LR (zbR − zbL ) + g hLR (φR − φL ) = 0 O !PVQ
2
/<K@ >F86@:9=6@ B56MG@6779<= >K 86@:6 q T B5FJK;89<= >6 E<=76@?;89<= >6 B;
JK;=898F >6 :<K?6:6=8 678 K89B97F6! '6 A9B;= 678 @F;B97F 7K@ >6KM :;9BB67 >6
E;BEKB 798KF67 >6 G;@8 68 >5;K8@6 >5K=6 >97E<=89=K98F >;=7 B; E<86 >K D<=> 68 B;
G<@<798F! -= @FU9:6 G6@:;=6=8T B; ?;@9;89<= >6 JK;=898F >6 :<K?6:6=8 6=8@6 B67
>6KM E6BBKB67 678 6M;E86:6=8 FU;B6 C B; @F7KB8;=86 >67 D<@E67 6M6@EF67 7K@ B6 RK9>6
7K9?;=8 B5;M6 H<@9W<=8;B! /<K@ B6 E;7 E<=79>F@FT B5FE<KB6:6=8 678 7KGG<7F ;BB6@ >6
B; U;KEH6 ?6@7 B; >@<986! '67 E<=XUK@;89<=7 K89B97F67 G<K@ >F86@:9=6@ B6 A9B;= >6
JK;=898F >6 :<K?6:6=8 7<=8 G@F76=8F67 C B; XUK@6 ! !
'6 E;BEKB >67 D<@E67 678 >F8;9BBF G<K@ B6 E;7 S E<@@67G<=>;=8 C zbL < zbR 68
φL > φR !
Y<@E6 6M6@EF6 G;@ B67 7K@D;E67 .ZY- 68 0,[\ N
ˆ φL "ˆ zL #
1 2
Fa = −g (zL − z) dz dφ = − g (φL − φR ) (zL − zbR ) O !P]Q
φR zb 2
R
Y<@E6 6M6@EF6 G;@ B; 7K@D;E6 Y\^_ N

ˆ zb
R z b + zb L
Fb = −gφR (zL − z) dz = −gφR (zbR − zbL ) zL − R O !P3Q
zb 2
L
"#$%&'() *+ (,-./0'&.1 2)- ,30$'&.1- 2) %(.%$4$'&.1 %$(
! /$ 5,'#.2) 2)- 6./05)- 7&1&-
A φR
φR
A
E B
E B
I F C zb,R C
F
J G D
G zb,R
J D
K H
K
L H
φL
φL
zb,L
zb,L
!" zbL < zbR φL > φR #" zbR < zbL φL > φR
φR φR
A A
B B
E E C zb,R
C F
F D D
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
I zb,R G
G I
J H
H J
K
φL zb,L L
φL zb,L
$" zbR < zbL φR > φL !" zbL < zbR φR > φL
!"#$% ! " #$%&'()*+,$%- (+,.,-/0- 1$() /+*2.,) .0 2,.*% 30- 4$)50-
6$)50 070)5/0 1*) .0- -()4*50- 869: 0+ ;<=> ?

"ˆ #
ˆ φL zbR
Fc = −g (zL − z) dz dφ
φR zbL

zb + zbL
= −g (φL − φR ) (zbR − zbL ) zL − R @ !ABC
2
6$)50 +$+*.0 070)5/0 -() .0 D(,30 ?

1 z b R + zb L
2
Fa + Fb + Fc = − g (φL − φR ) hL − gφR (zbR − zbL ) zL − @ !AEC
2 2
8% )/',F0 10)F*%0%+G .0 2,.*% 30 H(*%+,+/ 30 F$(I0F0%+ -J/5),+ ?

1 1
φhu2 + gφh2 − φhu2 + gφh2 = Fa + Fb + Fc @ ! KC
2 R 2 L
8% ,%+)$3(,-*%+ @ !AEC 3*%- @ ! KCG $% /+*2.,+ .* )0.*+,$% -(,I*%+0 ?
1
g φh2 L − φh2 R

q (uR − uL ) =
2
1 zb R + z b L
2
− g (φL − φR ) hL − gφR (zbR − zbL ) zL − @ ! LC
2 2
!"! #$%&'()*&+ ,- '. /.#)*- 0&+%-#1.)*1- ,-% $2(.)*&+%34
. 567897 :; <=<> 769?@AA><>A8 5@;7 B>? C6? " D E @A 5>;8 F86GB97 BH>I57>??9@A
JFAF76B> ?;9K6A8> L
1 1 2
(0)
q (uL − uR ) = − g φh2 L − φh2 R + g (φL − φR ) hLR

2 2
(0) (0) z b R + zb L
+ gφLR (zbR − zbL ) zLR − M ! "N
2
@O
(0)
φLR = min (φL ; φR ) M ! P6N
?9

(0) zL zbL < zbR
zLR = M ! PGN
zR ?9 zbL > zbR
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
?9

(0) hL φL > φR
hLR = M ! PCN
hR ?9 φL < φR
'6 C@<G9A69?@A :> M !QRN >8 M ! "N <SA> D BH>I57>??9@A ?;9K6A8> L

(0) (0) z b + zb L (1)
g (zbR − zbL ) φLR zLR − R − (φh)LR
2

1 (1) 2 (0) 2
+ g hLR − hLR (φR − φL ) = 0 M ! N
2
'HFT;689@A M ! N >?8 K6B6GB> T;>BB>? T;> ?@9>A8 B>? K6B>;7? :> φR E φL E zbL >8 zbR !
'> C6? 56789C;B9>7 φL = φR 5>7<>8 :HF86GB97 L

(0) (0) z b + zb L (1)
φLR zLR − R = (φh)LR M ! QN
2
6B@7? T;> B> C6? zbR = zbL 9<5B9T;> L

2 2
(1) (0)
hLR = hLR M ! UN
-A 9A87@:;9?6A8 M ! QN >8 M ! UN :6A? M !P4NE BH>I57>??9@A :> F1∗ :>K9>A8 C@<5BSV

8><>A8 :F8>7<9AF> L
1
F1∗ = [F2,L − F2,R + λ3 F1,R − λ1 F1,L ]
λ3 − λ1

(0) (0) zb + z b L z b R − z b L
− gφLR zLR − R
2 λ 3 − λ1
1 (0) 2 φR − φL
+ g hLR M ! WN
2 λ3 − λ 1
"#$%&'() *+ (,-./0'&.1 2)- ,30$'&.1- 2) %(.%$4$'&.1 %$(
! /$ 5,'#.2) 2)- 6./05)- 7&1&-
!"#$%"#&' () "*+$* !&)+,* (∆S0 )LR /8 98:;8 <=>:?8 @ ABCD98:EF?8 8<9

8<9C;G @ HF:9C: IB>D JCAFD I8 K>FD9C9G I8 ;=>L8;8D9 <>: I8>M ;FCAA8< I8 HF:9
89 IBF>9:8 IB>D8 IC<?=D9CD>C9G I8 AF ?=98 I> E=DI 89 I8 AF H=:=<C9G+ )D :GNC;8
H8:;FD8D9O A8 JCAFD I8 K>FD9C9G I8 ;=>L8;8D9 <BG?:C9 P
F2,L − F2,R + (∆S0 )LR = 0 Q*+* R

1 1
φhu2 + gφh2 2
− φhu + gφh 2
+ (∆S0 )LR = 0
2 L 2 R
)D CD9:=I>C<FD9 ABGK>F9C=D I8 ?=D9CD>C9G Q*+SSR 89 AF IGTDC9C=D I> 98:;8 <=>:?8

@ ABCD98:EF?8 Q*+S!R IFD< Q*+* RO =D =J9C8D9 P
1
q (uL − uR ) + g φh2 L − φh2 R

2
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
(S) 1 (S) 2
− g (φh)LR (zbR − zbL ) + g hLR (φR − φL ) = 0 Q*+*UR
2
)D :8;HAFVFD9 q (uL − uR ) HF: <=D 8MH:8<<C=D Q*+*!RO Q*+*UR I8LC8D9 P

(0) (0) z b + zb L (S)
g φLR zLR − R − (φh)LR (zbR − zbL )
2

1 (S) 2 (0) 2
+ g hLR − hLR (φR − φL ) = 0 Q*+WXR
2
)D >9CAC<FD9 A8< ?F< HF:9C?>AC8:< φR = φL 89 zbR = zbL O =D H8>9 IGI>C:8 I8 Q*+WXR

K>8 P

(S) (0) (0) zb R + z b L
(φh)LR = φLR zLR − Q*+WYR
2
2 2
(S) (0)
hLR = hLR Q*+W!R
/B8MH:8<<C=D I> 98:;8 <=>:?8 @ ABCD98:EF?8 8<9 I=D? P

(0) (0) zb + z b L
(∆S0 )LR = −gφLR zLR − R (zbR − zbL )
2
1 (0) 2
+ g hLR (φR − φL ) Q*+WSR
2
!"#$%"#&' () -). (* /)%'"#"0 (* $&)1*$*'" F2∗ 0D JCAFD I8 K>FD9C9G

I8 ;=>L8;8D9 8D :GNC;8 H8:;FD8D9 8<9 :GFAC<G <>: 9:=C< ;FCAA8< I8 ?FA?>A Q i − 1O
i 89 i + 1R FL8? >D8 IC<?=D9CD>C9G I8 H=:=<C9G 89 I8 ?=98 I> E=DI 8D9:8 A8< ;FCAA8:8 *+WR+
/8 JCAFD I8 K>FD9C9G I8 ;=>L8;8D9 <>: AF ?8AA>A8 i <BG?:C9 P
!"! #$%&'()*&+ ,- '. /.#)*- 0&+%-#1.)*1- ,-% $2(.)*&+%34
φi+1
zb i+1
φi
zb i
φi-1
zb
i-1
!"#$% !5 6 0789:;<=>?78 ;>?@?ABC D7;< E=?<C @C F?@=8 GC H;=8>?>B GC I7;JCIC8>

(2) (2)
D7;< GB>C<I?8C< (φh)LR C> hLR
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
n+1 n
(φhu)i − (φhu)i =
n+1/2
∆t λ3
F2∗ + ∆S0 −
∆xi λ 3 − λ1 i−1/2
n+1/2
∆t λ1
∗
F2 + ∆S0 = 0 K !5 L
∆xi λ3 − λ1 i+1/2
-8 M7IF?8=8> K !4NL C> K !5 LO 78 7F>?C8> D7;< @P?8>C<E=MC C8><C @CA MC@@;@CA i − 1

C> i Q
n+1/2
λ3
(λ3 − λ1 ) F2∗ + ∆S0 =
λ 3 − λ1 i−1/2
λ3 F2,i−1 − λ1 F2,i + λ1 λ3 (F1,i − F1,i−1 )

(2) 1 (2) 2
+ (λ3 + λ1 ) −g (φh)LR zbi − zbi−1 g hLR (φi − φi−1 )
2
zbi + zbi−1

(0) (0)
− λ3 gφLR zLR − zbi − zbi−1
2
1 (0) 2
+ λ3 g hLR (φi − φi−1 ) K !55L
2
/;?AH;P?@ 8PR = D=A GC G?AM78>?8;?>B C8><C @CA MC@@;@CA i − 1 C> i Q

2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2
φhu + gφh = φhu + gφh 6= φhu + gφh
2 i−1 2 i 2 i+1
(φhu)i−1 = (φhu)i = (φhu)i+1 = q K !5SL
φi−1 = φi 6= φi+1
zbi−1 = zbi 6= zbi+1
"#$%&'() !* (+,-./'&-0 1), +2/$'&-0, 1) %(-%$3$'&-0 %$(
! .$ 4+'#-1) 1), 5-./4), 6&0&,
)7 879:;<=8>?79 @!*ABC <?7> @!*AACD ;7 ;E98F79 G
n+1/2
λ3
F2∗ + ∆S0 =
λ3 − λ1 i−1/2

1 1 1
λ3 φhu2 + gφh2 − λ1 φhu2 + gφh2 =
λ3 − λ 1 2 i 2 i

1
φhu2 + gφh2 @!*AHC
2 i
.F I=J <F K=?7989L <F M;=NFMF79 F79:F OF> PFOO=OF> i F9 i + 1 >QLP:89 G
n+1/2
λ1
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
(λ3 − λ1 ) + F2∗ ∆S0 =

λ3 − λ1 i+1/2

1 1
λ3 φhu2 + gφh2 − λ1 φhu2 + gφh2 +
2 i 2 i+1

λ1 λ3 (φhu)i+1 − (φhu)i +
zb + z b i

(0) (0) 1 (0) 2
λ1 −gφLR zLR − i+1 zbi+1 − zbi + g hLR (φi+1 − φi ) +
2 2
2
(2) 1
(2)
@!*A C

(λ3 + λ1 ) −g (φh)LR zbi − zbi−1 + g hLR (φi − φi−1 )
2
)7 879:;<=8>?79 OQLK=?98;7 <F P;7987=89L @!*RRC <?7> @!*A CD ;7 ;E98F79 G
n+1/2
λ1
(λ3 − λ1 ) + F2∗ ∆S0 =
λ3 − λ1 i+1/2

1 1
λ3 φhu2 + gφh2 − λ1 φhu2 + gφh2 +
2 i 2 i+1

(2) 1 (2) 2
(λ3 + λ1 ) −g (φh)LR zbi − zbi−1 + g hLR (φi − φi−1 ) +
2
zbi+1 + zbi

(0) (0) 1 (0) 2
λ1 −gφLR zLR − zbi+1 − zbi + g hLR (φi+1 − φi )
2 2
@!*ASC
.F E8O?7 <F K=?7989L <F M;=NFMF79 F7 :LT8MF UF:M?7F79 @!*! C 8MUO8K=F G
n+1/2 n+1/2
λ3 λ1
F2∗ + ∆S0 = F2∗ + ∆S0 @!*BVC
λ 3 − λ1 i−1/2 λ3 − λ1 i+1/2
!"! #$%&'()*&+ ,- '. /.#)*- 0&+%-#1.)*1- ,-% $2(.)*&+%34
-5 6789:5;5< = !>?@A = !4B@ C< = !4D@A 75 <E7FGC H

1 h 2
2
i
0 = λ1 q (ui − ui+1 ) + g φh i − φh i+1
2

(2) 1 (2) 2
+ (λ3 + λ1 ) −g (φh)LR zbi − zbi−1 + g hLR (φi − φi−1 )
2
z b + zb i

(0) (0) 1 (0) 2
+ λ1 −gφLR zLR − i+1 zbi+1 − zbi + g hLR (φi+1 − φi )
2 2
= !>I@
-5 EC8JK;L;5< q (ui − ui+1 ) M;5N = !>I@ J;E KOCPJECNN:75 = ! "@A 75 79<:C5< H
(2) 1 (2) 2
0 = −g (φh)LR zbi − zbi−1 + g hLR (φi − φi−1 ) = !>"@
2
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
&5 JCF< M756 C5 6756KFEC QFC H

(2)
(φh)LR = 0 = !>R@
2
(2)
hLR =0 = !> @
'OC5NC89KC MCN G;E:;9KCN S KO:5<CET;6C ;U;5< V<V MV<CE8:5VA KC NUN<W8C = !RI@ JCF<
NOV6E:EC H
1
F1∗ = [F2,L − F2,R − λ1 F1,L + λ3 F1,R ]
λ3 − λ1
2
1 1
(0) (0) (0) zb + zbL
+ g (φR − φL ) hLR − gφLR (zbR − zbL ) zLR − R
λ3 − λ1 2 2
= !>4;@
1
F2∗ = [λ3 F2,L − λ1 F2,R − λ1 λ3 (F1,L − F1,R )] = !>49@
λ3 − λ1
F3∗ = v (F1∗ − F1,A ) + F3,A = !>46@
(0) (0) (0)
7X φLR A zLR C< hLR N75< MVY5:N J;E = ! R@!
!"! #$%&'()')*+( ,- .+&/0-1 2+134

'C NUN<W8C MOVQF;<:75N = !"D@ F<:K:NV J7FE V<;K:E KCN ZFP = !>4@ CN< 675N<EF:<
NFE KO[UJ7<[WNC MOF5C 75MC JE7GC5;5< MC 6[;QFC 6CKKFKC MC J;E< C< MO;F<EC MC
KO:5<CET;6C 675N:MVEVC! *K 67EECNJ75M M756 ;F ZFP M;5N K; \75C :5<CE8VM:;:EC
MOV<;< 675N<;5<! '; 8V<[7M7K7]:C ;FP G7KF8CN Y5:N 5V6CNN:<C MC MV<CE8:5CE KCN
ZFP S KO:5<CET;6C C5<EC MCFP 8;:KKCN MC 6;K6FKA !"! S <E;GCEN K; M:N675<:5F:<V
:5:<:;KC MF JE79KW8C MC #:C8;55! 0C<<C :5<CET;6C 5OV<;5< J;N 5V6CNN;:EC8C5<
"#$%&'() *+ (,-./0'&.1 2)- ,30$'&.1- 2) %(.%$4$'&.1 %$(
! /$ 5,'#.2) 2)- 6./05)- 7&1&-
U U U
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
x x x
t t t
Configuration C1 x Configuration C2 x Configuration C3 x

U U
λ1,L
λ1∗
x x λ3∗
t t λ3,R
Configuration C4 x Configuration C5 x
!"#$% *+! 8 %9:;<;9= >?@A<;B? C? @A D9=? ;=<?>EFC;A;>? GA> >AGG9>< H @I;=<?>JAK?

?=<>? @?: EA;@@?: C? KA@KL@ M:LG?>G9:F? AB?K @IAN? C?: <?EG:O
!"! #$%&'()*&+ ,- '. /.#)*- 0&+%-#1.)*1- ,-% $2(.)*&+%34
5678 9:;;: <=7: 5>?;6; 9=78;67;@ A:8 ?BC6;D=78 5:8 ECF G !HIJ 7: K:CL:7; 5=79
K68 M;N: C;DAD8?:8 K=CN ;=C;:8 A:8 9=7OPCN6;D=78 5>=75:8! %CDL67; A6 9=7OPCN6;D=7
5>=75:8 :; A6 K=8D;D=7 N:A6;DL: 5: A6 <=7: 5>?;6; 9=78;67; K6N N6KK=N; Q A>D7;:NR69:@
9D7B 968 K:CL:7; M;N: D5:7;DO?8 GL=DN SDPCN: !HJ!
':8 9=7OPCN6;D=78 0T :; 0I 9=NN:8K=75:7; 6C N?PDU: ;=NN:7;D:A@ A:8 9=7OPCV
N6;D=78 0" :; 0 6C N?PDU: 9ND;DBC: :; A6 9=7OPCN6;D=7 0W 6C N?PDU: ECLD6A!
'6 5?;:NUD76;D=7 5:8 9?A?ND;?8 5>=75:8 λ∗1 :; λ∗3 5678 A6 <=7: 5>?;6; 9=78;67;
:8; 7?9:886DN: K=CN 5?;:NUD7:N A6 9=7OPCN6;D=7! ':8 D7L6ND67;8 5: #D:U677 8=7;
C;DAD8?8 A: A=7P 5: 9X6BC: 96N69;?ND8;DBC: K=CN 5?;:NUD7:N A6 LD;:88: 5: A>?9=CA:V
U:7; u∗ :; A6 9?A?ND;? 5:8 =75:8 5: KN:88D=7 c∗ 5678 A6 <=7: D7;:NU?5D6DN: 5>?;6;
9=78;67; Y ∗
u + 2c∗ = uL + 2cL
G !HHJ
u∗ − 2c∗ = uR − 2cR
)X?=NDBC:U:7;@ DA 9=7LD:7; 5: KN:75N: :7 9=UK;: A:8 ;:NU:8 8=CN9: 5678 A: 8Z8V
;[U: 5>?BC6;D=78 G !HHJ U6D8 A>:FK?ND:79: U=7;N: BC: A>=7 K:C; A:8 7?PADP:N Q
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
9: 8;65:! '=N8 5: A6 O76AD86;D=7 5C KN?8:7; U?U=DN:@ DA 6 ?;? UD8 :7 ?LD5:79:

BC: A6 KND8: :7 9=UK;: 5:8 ;:NU:8 8=CN9: 5678 A6 R=NUCA6;D=7 5:8 D7L6ND67;8 5:
#D:U677 :8; 7?9:886DN: K=CN A6 U=5?AD86;D=7 5: 9:N;6D78 N?PDU:8 K:NU67:7;8 6C
7DL:6C 5: A6 ADUD;: 5: A6 <=7: D7=756\A:! '6 KND8: :7 9=UK;: 5:8 ;:NU:8 8=CN9:
D7EC: 7=;6UU:7; 8CN A: 96A9CA 5: A6 LD;:88: 5: A>?9=CA:U:7; u∗ 5678 A6 <=7:
D7;:NU?5D6DN: :; 7?9:88D;: 5: N?6AD8:N 9:N;6D7:8 N:9X:N9X:8 9=UKA?U:7;6DN:8 K=CN
:8;DU:N A6 L6A:CN 5:8 L6ND6\A:8 Q A>D7;:NR69:! '6 N?8=AC;D=7 5: G !HHJ 5=77: Y
 u∗ = uL + uR + cL − cR

2 G !H4J
 c∗ = uL − uR + cL + cR
4 2
':8 9?A?ND;?8 5>=75:8 λ∗1 :; λ∗3 8=7; 5=79 ?P6A:8 Q Y
∗
λ1 = u∗ − c∗
G !H3J
λ∗3 = u∗ + c∗
'>XZK=;X[8: 5: 5:CF =75:8 5: N6N?R69;D=7 8?K6N67; C7: <=7: D7;:NU?5D6DN:

5>?;6; 9=78;67; 5:8 ?;6;8 P6C9X: :; 5N=D; 5C KN=\A[U: 5: #D:U677 5=D; M;N:
L?NDO?:! ,678 A: 968 =] DA Z 6 C7 9X=9 :7;N: A>?;6; P6C9X: :; A>?;6; D7;:NU?5D6DN:
Gλ1,L > λ∗1 J =C :7;N: A>?;6; 5N=D; :; A>?;6; D7;:NU?5D6DN: G λ3,R < λ∗3 J@ A6 LD;:88: cs
5: KN=K6P6;D=7 5C 9X=9 5=D; M;N: :8;DU?:! -7 :^:;@ 5678 C7: ;:AA: 9=7OPCN6;D=7
5>=75:@ A:8 9?A?ND;?8 8=7; :7 N?6AD;? ?P6A: Q A6 LD;:88: 5: KN=K6P;D=7 5C 9X=9! '6
9?A?ND;? 5C 9X=9 :8; 6A=N8 5?;:NUD7?: :7 C;DAD867; A:8 N:A6;D=78 5: 86C; 5: #67_D7:V
`CP=7D=;! /=CN A: 968 5>C7 9X=9 :7;N: A>?;6; P6C9X: :; A>?;6; D7;:NU?5D6DN:@ =7
=\;D:7; Y
F ∗ − F1,L h∗ u ∗ − hL u L
cs = 1∗ = G !Ha6J
U1 − U1,L h∗ − h L
F2,L − F2∗ hL u2L + 12 gh2L − h∗ u∗2 − 12 gh∗2
cs = = G !Ha\J
U2,L − U2∗ hL u L − h ∗ u ∗
!"#$%&'( )* '+,-./&%-0 1(, +2/#&%-0, 1( $'-$#3#&%-0 $#'
.# 4+&"-1( 1(, 5-./4(, 6%0%,
.78 97:; <=:>?@AB8 C7:D7B? E?F7 :?@G@8<78 @B9@H<F7II7B?* &A:?7JA@8 8@ h∗ = hL

A: 8@ hL uL = h∗ u∗ GK:B7 978 JAFI:G>?@AB8 78? @B9<?7FI@B<7 L G7 8AGD7:F :?@G@87
>GAF8 GK>:?F7 JAFI:G>?@AB*
.> MAIC>F>@8AB 97 λ∗1 N λ∗3 N λ1,L 7? λ3,R C7FI7? 97 9<?7FI@B7F G> MABOP:F>?@AB
9KAB97 7? C>F MAB8<=:7B? G> JAFI:G>?@AB Q 7ICGAR7F CA:F 78?@I7F G7 S:; Q ?F>D7F8
G> 9@8MAB?@B:@?< @B@?@>G7* 1>B8 G7 M>8 9K:B F<P@I7 MF@?@=:7N G> JAFI:G>?@AB MG>88@=:7
"..! 78? M7GG7 7ICGAR<7 T

F1 = F1,L
λ1,L > 0 !U
 F2 = F2,L
1
 F1 =
 [λ3 F1,L − λ1 F1,R − λ1 λ3 (zL − zR )]
λ1,L < 0 Vλ∗1 > 0 λ3 − λ1 !W
1
 F2 =
 [λ3 F2,L − λ1 F2,R − λ1 λ3 (F1,L − F1,R )]
λ 3 − λ1
F1 = F1∗
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
λ∗1 < 0 Vλ∗3 > 0 ∗ !X

 F2 = F2
1
 F1 =
 [λ3 F1,L − λ1 F1,R − λ1 λ3 (zL − zR )]
λ∗3 < 0 Vλ3,R > 0 λ3 − λ1 !)
1
 F2 =
 [λ3 F2,L − λ1 F2,R − λ1 λ3 (F1,L − F1,R )]
λ3 − λ1
F1 = F1,R
λ3,R < 0 !Y
F2 = F2,R
Z)*[\]
.78 S:; Q GK@B?7FJ>M7 Z)*[\] A^?7B:8 C>F F<8AG:?@AB 97 G> C>F?@7 MAB87FD>?@D7 978
<=:>?@AB8 7? GK<?>? >: 9<^:? 9: C>8 97 ?7IC8 C7FI7??7B? G7 M>GM:G 97 GK<?>?
@B?7FI<9@>@F7 Q C>F?@F 97 GK<=:>?@AB 9@8MF<?@8<7 Z)*X]* !7? <?>? @B?7FI<9@>@F7 78?
BA?< Un,c ZDA@F 6@P:F7 )*U]*
!" #$%&'()%*+$ ,-. %-(/-. ,- 0(+%%-/-$%

.> I<?_A9AGAP@7 7ICGAR<7 CA:F CF7B9F7 7B MAIC?7 G78 ?7FI78 97 JFA??7I7B?
9>B8 G7 MA97 ,`W1 > <?< MAB87FD<7 9>B8 ,ÙW1* (GG7 MAB8@8?7 Q F<8A:9F7 >B>a
GR?@=:7I7B? G78 <=:>?@AB8 9@H<F7B?@7GG78 AF9@B>@F78 8:@D>B?78 T
p
dφq q2 + r2
= −gφ 1/3
q Z)*[U>]
dt K 2 h2 R h,x
p
dφr q2 + r2
= −gφ 1/3
r Z)*[U^]
dt K 2 h2 R h,y
.> CAFA8@?< ZA: G> G>FP7:F 9: M>B>G U1] B7 D>F@>B? C>8 >D7M G7 ?7IC8N M78 <=:>a
?@AB8 8AB? <=:@D>G7B?78 Q T
p
dq q2 + r2
= −g 1/3
q Z)*[W>]
dt K 2 h2 R h,x
p
dr q2 + r2
= −g 1/3
r
dt K 2 h2 R h,y
Rh
Sx=bxh
Sx=bxh1D
Sy=byh
Sy=byh1D
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
y
χy=by
x χy=by+2h1D
y
χx=bx
χx=bx x
Sx=bxh
Sy=byh
χy=by+zb,2D-zb,1D
y
χx=bx x
Périmètre mouillé
S
Rh =
χ
S = bh b
h≪b
"#$%&'() *+ (,-./0'&.1 2)- ,30$'&.1- 2) %(.%$4$'&.1 %$(
! /$ 5,'#.2) 2)- 6./05)- 7&1&-
89:; <=>? @AABCBDE F D@ D@>G?H> 8? DIE;9HD?C?:= J χ ≈ b K D? >@L9: ML8>@HDBNH? ?A=

@D9>A EG@D F D@ M@H=?H> 8I?@H J Rh ≃ h+
2@:A D? ;@A 8?A C@BDD?A O2P D? C<C? >@BA9::?C?:= Q?H= <=>? R@B= Q9H> D@ 8E=?>S
CB:@=B9: 8H >@L9: ML8>@HDBNH? Q9H> D? ;@D;HD 8?A R>9==?C?:=A 8@:A D@ 8B>?;=B9:
=>@:AT?>A@D? @H ;@:@D O2+ ): >?T@:;M?P Q9H> D?A R>9==?C?:=A 8@:A D@ 8B>?;=B9:
D9:GB=H8B:@D?P DIMLQ9=MUA? h ≪ b ?A= F Q>B9>B R@HAA?+ ): ?V?=P D?A C@BDD?A O2 A9:=
H=BDBAE?A Q9H> C98EDBA?> 8?A ;M?:@HW 8IE;9HD?C?:= 8? R@BXD? D@>G?H>P D? QE>BCU=>?
C9HBDDE :? Q?H= QDHA <=>? @AABCBDE F D@ ABCQD? D@>G?H> 8? DIE;9HD?C?:=+ &D ;9:TB?:=
@D9>A 8? =?:B> ;9CQ=? 8H ;9:=@;= ?:=>? DI?@H ?= D?A Q@>9BA 8H ;@:@D O2+ %9H> D@
Q>BA? ?: ;9CQ=? 8?A R>9==?C?:=A 8@:A D@ 8B>?;=B9: D9:GB=H8B:@D? AH> D?A C@BDD?A
O2P D? >@L9: ML8>@HDBNH? Q>?:8 89:; DI?WQ>?AAB9: AHBT@:=? J
bh
Rh = Y*+Z*[
b + 2 max (h; zb2D − zb1D )
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
/? >@L9: ML8>@HDBNH? Rh E=@:= 8E=?>CB:E Q9H> DI?:A?CXD? 8?A C@BDD?A 8? ;@D;HDP

BD ?A= @D9>A Q9AABXD? 8? >EA9H8>? D?A ENH@=B9:A 8BVE>?:=B?DD?A 9>8B:@B>?A >EGBAA@:=
D?A R>9==?C?:=A+
!"!# $%&'()*+', -.& %/)0*+',& -+1%2.,*+.((.& '2-+,0+2.&

2@:A =9HA D?A ;@AP D@ Q>BA? ?: ;9CQ=? 8?A =?>C?A 8? R>9==?C?:= >?TB?:= F
>EA9H8>? H:? ENH@=B9: 8BVE>?:=B?DD? 9>8B:@B>? 8? D@ R9>C? J
df
= −αf Y*+Z\[
dt
9] f = q 9H f = r+ "?==? ENH@=B9: ?A= ENHBT@D?:=? F J
df
= −αdt Y*+Z^[
f
"?==? >?D@=B9: ?A= B:=EG>E? AH> D? Q@A 8? =?CQA J
f n+1 tn+1
1
ˆ ˆ
df = −αdt Y*+ZZ[
fn f tn
/@ >EA9DH=B9: @:@DL=BNH? 8? ;?==? ENH@=B9: 89::? J

f n+1
[ln f ]f n = −α∆t
ln f n+1 − ln f n = −α∆t
n+1
f
ln = −α∆t
fn
f n+1
= exp (−α∆t)
fn
f n+1 = fn exp (−α∆t) Y*+Z_[
! ! "#$"%$ &'( )$%* + ,-#.'-( $'( /0,'-)#"'( /0,1-/'%-'(
23
4567 89: ;<=889: >&? 5@ < A

p
q 2 + r2
α2D =g !"#$%
K 2 h7/3
&'() *+, -./**+, 012 '3 4'3,+)5+ *6+78)+,,/'3 9( α2D 8'() *+ 4.*4(* 9+, :)';;+<
-+3;, 9.3, *. 9/)+4;/'3 ;).3,5+),.*+ .( 4.3.*" &'() *. 9/)+4;/'3 *'3=/;(9/3.*+2
'3 . > p
q 2 + r2
α=g 1/3 !"?@%
b
K 2 h7/3 b+2max(h;zb2D −zb1D )
&'() 4A.B(+ -./**+ 9+ 4.*4(*2 /* +,; .*'), 8',,/C*+ 96/3;D=)+) *+, ;+)-+, 9+ :)';<
;+-+3; 8.) *6/3;+)-D9/./)+ 9+ !"#?%2 α D;.3; 9DE3/ 8.) !"#$% '( !"?@%" &'() *+
4., 96(3+ -./**+ F12 *+ 5+4;+() 9+, 5.)/.C*+, Un,c +,; ;).3,:')-D 8.) *6+78)+,,/'3
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
,(/5.3;+ >
hn,f = hn,c !"?0%

 q 
2 2
(q n,c ) + (rn,c )
q n,f = q n,c exp −g 7/3
∆t !"?F%
K 2 (hn,c )
 q 
2 2
(q n,c ) + (rn,c )
rn,f = rn,c exp −g 7/3
∆t !"?G%
K 2 (hn,c )
! "#$%&$ '() *&+ , -.#/(.) $() 01-(.2#%() 01-34

.0(&.()
H+ ,'*5+() 9+ I/+-.33 9D5+*'88D 8)D4D9+--+3; 8+)-+; *+ 4.*4(* 9+, J(7
K ;).5+), *+, /3;+):.4+, +7;D)/+()+,2 !"! *+, /3;+):.4+, ,D8.).3; 9+(7 -./**+, 9+
4.*4(* F1 '( 9+(7 -./**+, 9+ 4.*4(* 01" H+, J(7 +3;)+ (3+ -./**+ 01 +; *. -./**+
F1 B(/ *. 4'3;/+3; )+,;+3; K 9D;+)-/3+)" L* +,; ).88+*D B(+ *6(3 9+, 'CM+4;/:, E7D,
8'() *. -D;A'9'*'=/+ 9( 4'9+ 4'(8*D 01<F1 +,; B(+ *+ 4.*4(* 9+, J(7 +3;)+ *+,
-./**+, 01 +; F1 3+ )D9(/,+3; 8., *+ 8., 9+ ;+-8, 9+ 4.*4(*"
′
&.) ,'(4/
′ ′
9+
,/-8*/4/;D2 '3 ,+ 8*.4+ 9.3, *+ )D:D)+3;/+* .,,'4/D .( 4.3.* 01
R O; x ; y ; z 5'/) N/=()+ G"!%"
! !" #$%&'()*+* ,+ '-./.01

H+, AO8';AP,+, (;/*/,D+, 8'() *+ 4.*4(* 9+, J(7 +3;)+ *+, -./**+, 01 +; F1
,'3; *+, ,(/5.3;+, >
Q RO8" !"0 > K *. E3 9( 8., 9+ ;+-8,2 *. 4';+ 9+ *. ,():.4+ */C)+ ,() (3+
-./**+ 01 +,; /9+3;/B(+ K 4+**+ ,() *. -./**+ F1 B(/ *. 4'3;/+3; ,/ +**+ +,;
3'3 3(**+
"#$%&'() *+ (,-./0'&.1 2)- ,30$'&.1- 2) %(.%$4$'&.1 %$(
! /$ 5,'#.2) 2)- 6./05)- 7&1&-
8 #9:+ *+! ; <= >?@:?A=BCD ED <= FGCDAAD CH=BAFDHA=<D =I >=B=< J2 K <= LB

EI :=A ED CD@:A DAC <= @M@D AIH IBD @=G<<D J2 DC AIH <= @=G<<D !2 NIG <=
>?BCGDBC
! !" #$%&'()$* +) ,%'')

/D CH=BAODHC ED @=AAD DBCHD <DA EDIP @=G<<DA ED >=<>I< DAC HQ=<GAQ K :=HCGH ED
<RS9:?CSTAD *+J+ "DCCD S9:?CSTAD :DH@DC ED >=<>I<DH <= >?CD ED <= AIHO=>D <GUHD
E=BA >S=NID >D<<I<D =:HTA <D CH=BAODHC ED @=AAD+ -IGF=BC <= >?CD HD<=CGFD ED <=
AIHO=>D <GUHD DC EI O?BE E=BA <DA >D<<I<DAV :<IAGDIHA >?BLWIH=CG?BA E?GFDBC MCHD
EGACGBWIQDA XF?GH 7GWIHD *+YZ+ /RD=I QC=BC =AAG@G<QD K IB [IGED GB>?@:HDAAGU<D
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
h2D h2D
h1D
h1D
!" #$$%&'()(*+ ,( -! )!.--( /0 1" 23!*$4(3+ ,( -! )!.--( 50 6(3$ -! )!.--(

/0
h2D
h1D
&" 23!*$4(3+ ,( -! )!.--( /0 6(3$ -! )!.--(

50
!"#$% *+Y 8 "?BLWIH=CG?B EDA S=ICDIHA ERD=I E=BA <DA @=G<<DA ED >=<>I< K <=
LB ED <RQC=:D ED HQA?<ICG?B EDA QNI=CG?BA >?BADHF=CGFDA
X#9:+ \+!ZV G< DAC :?AAGU<D ED H=GA?BBDH DB CDH@DA ED F?<I@D :<IC]C NIRDB CDH@DA
ED @=AAD+
! !"!# $%%&'()*)+, -) ./ */0..) "1 23405 60785) !92/::

/D F?<I@D ERD=I >?BCDBI E=BA <= @=G<<D !2 =F=BC <D CH=BAODHC DAC QW=< K ;
n,f
V2D = A2D (h2D ) X*+Y*Z
-G >D F?<I@D ERD=I DAC GBOQHGDIH =I F?<I@D EGA:?BGU<D E=BA <= @=G<<D J2 =F=BC
A?B EQU?HED@DBCV <= @=G<<D !2 AR=AAT>SD ;
! ! "#$"%$ &'( )$%* + ,-#.'-( $'( /0,'-)#"'( /0,1-/'%-'(
23

n,f
V2D < V1D,dispo = A1D zb2D − zb1D − (h1D ) 4 !567
$8 98:;<:= >?<8: >8@A B8 C8DBB< E& F B8 G@ >: ;=8@AH<=; >< C8AA< <A; 8BI=A
@:BB< J hn,m
2D = 0! $8 98:;<:= >?<8: K;8@; @:BB< >8@A B8 C8DBB< E&L B8 M:8@;D;K
n,m n,m
>< CI:N<C<@; O <A; KP8B<C<@; @KQ<AA8D=<C<@; @:BB< J q2D = 0 <; r2D = 0! $8
QI;< >< B8 A:=H8Q< BDR=< >8@A B8 C8DBB< S& 8T=UA B< ;=8@AH<=; >< C8AA< <A; 8BI=A B8
A:DN8@;< J
n,m n,f V2D
(z1D ) = (z1D ) + 4 !5V7
A1D
(DC:B;8@KC<@; 8: ;=8@AH<=; >< C8AA< ><T:DA B8 C8DBB< E& N<=A B8 C8DBB< S&L
B8 M:8@;D;K >< CI:N<C<@; >< B?KQI:B<C<@; E& <A; ;=8@AHK=K<! $8 M:8@;D;K ><
CI:N<C<@; >8@A B8 C8DBB< S& 8T=UA ;=8@AH<=; >< C8AA< <A; >I@Q KP8B< F J
n,f
n,m n,f (q2D ) A2D
(q1D ) = (q1D ) + 4 !5W7
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
A1D
n,f
n,m n,f (r2D ) A2D
(r1D ) = (r1D ) + 4 !557
A1D
$8 C8DBB< S& @?<A; ;I:;<HIDA T8A >KRI=>8@;<L B?KQI:B<C<@; CIO<@ >8@A B8 >D=<QX
;DI@ ;=8@AN<=A8B< <A; >I@Q @KQ<AA8D=<C<@; @:B! $8 M:8@;D;K >< CI:N<C<@; >8@A
B8 >D=<Q;DI@ ;=8@AN<=A8B< 8T=UA ;=8@AH<=; <A; >I@Q @KQ<AA8D=<C<@; @:BB< J
n,m
r1D =0 4 !527
! !"!" #$%&'&()*+, -,. /*&'',. 01 ,2 "1 345&) 6&+%), !73(8 ,2 3988

$?<8: K;8@; QI@AD>K=K< QICC< :@ Y:D>< D@QICT=<AADRB< 4ZOT! 3!E7L B< NIB:C<
PBIR8B QI@;<@: >8@A B8 C8DBB< S& <; B8 C8DBB< E& @< N8=D< T8A >:=8@; B< ;=8@AH<=;
>< C8AA<! $< ;=8@AH<=; >< C8AA< <@;=< B<A ><:[ C8DBB<A >ID; >I@Q T<=C<;;=< ><
NK=DG<= B?9OTI;9UA< A:= B?KP8BD;K ><A QI;<A F Q98M:< D@A;8@; 4ZOT! !S7! $< NIB:C<
>?<8: V QI@;<@: 8: ;<CTA D@;<=CK>D8D=< A:= B<A ><:[ C8DBB<A <A; KP8B F J
n,f n,f
V = A1D (h1D ) + A2D (h2D )

n,f n,f
= A1D (z1D ) − zb1D + A2D (z2D ) − zb2D 4 !2\7
<; T<:; ];=< Q8BQ:BK F T8=;D= ><A N8=D8RB<A F B8 G@ >< B?K;8T< 9OT<=RIBDM:<! '@
n,f n,f
D@;=I>:DA8@; B8 =<B8;DI@ (z1D ) = (z2D ) = z DCTIAK< T8= B?9OTI;9UA< !S
>8@A B?KM:8;DI@ 4 !2\7L I@ IR;D<@; J
V = A1D (z − zb1D ) + A2D (z − zb2D ) 4 !2S7
"<;;< =<B8;DI@ <A; KM:DN8B<@;< F J

n,f n,f
A1D (z1D ) + A2D (z2D )
z= 4 !2E7
A1D + A2D
"#$%&'() !* (+,-./'&-0 1), +2/$'&-0, 1) %(-%$3$'&-0 %$(
! .$ 4+'#-1) 1), 5-./4), 6&0&,
.7 89:;<7 =>?@ABC>C D7E;FA :? <?F::7 G1 87>A :? <?F::7 H1 7A= D9@I CJ?: K L

n,f n,f
V1D→2D = A1D (z1D ) − z = −A2D (z2D ) − z M!* NO
.? P;?@=F=C D7 <9;87<7@= I9@=7@;7 D?@A I7 89:;<7 7A= CJ?:7<7@= =>?@ABC>C7*

$E>QA CP;F:FR>?J7S :7A I9<E9A?@=7A D7 :? P;?@=F=C D7 <9;87<7@= A;> IT?P;7
<?F::7 D7 I?:I;: AUCI>F87@=S D?@A :7 I?A D; =>?@AB7>= D7E;FA :? <?F::7 H1 87>A :?
<?F::7 G1 L
n,f
n,m n,f n,f (z2D ) − z A2D
(q1D ) = (q1D ) + (q2D ) n,f
M!* !?O
(h2D ) A1D
n,f
n,m n,f n,f (z2D ) −z
(q2D ) = (q2D ) − (q2D ) n,f
M!* !RO
(h2D )
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
n,f
(r1D ) = (r1D ) + (r2D ) n,f
M!* !IO
(h2D ) A1D
n,f
(r2D ) = (r2D ) − (r2D ) n,f
M!* !DO
(h2D )
7= E9;> :7 =>?@AB7>= D7 :? <?F::7 G1 87>A :? <?F::7 H1 L
n,f
(q1D ) = (q1D ) − (q1D ) n,f
M!* V?O
(h1D )
n,f
(q2D ) = (q2D ) + (q1D ) n,f
M!* VRO
(h1D ) A2D
n,f
(r1D ) = (r1D ) − (r1D ) n,f
M!* VIO
(h1D )
n,f
(r2D ) = (r2D ) + (r1D ) n,f
M!* VDO
(h1D ) A2D
! !" #$%&'&()*+, -, '* $%*./&/0 -, 12%3,1,./ /)*.43,)5

4*',
.7 =>?@AB7>= D7 P;?@=F=C D7 <9;87<7@= D?@A :? DF>7I=F9@ =>?@A87>A?:7 7A= R?AC
A;> :UTWE9=TQA7 !*H* )@ 7X7=S :? A=>;I=;>7 A;EE9AC7 D7 :UCI9;:7<7@= P;F A7 <7=
7@ E:?I7 7A= E>CA7@=C7 K :? YJ;>7 N*H* .7 RF:?@ D7 P;?@=F=C D7 <9;87<7@= D?@A
:? DF>7I=F9@ =>?@A87>A?:7 K :U?Z7 D; I?@?: G1 A;> :U7@A7<R:7 D7A <?F::7A AUCI>F= L
n,m n,m n,m
(QdMt ) = A2D (r2D ) + A1D (r1D )
n,m n,m n,m n,m
= A2D (h2D ) (v2D ) + A1D (h1D ) (v1D ) M!* [O
! ! "#$"%$ &'( )$%* + ,-#.'-( $'( /0,'-)#"'( /0,1-/'%-'(
23
$4 56789:465 ;4 <=785>5? ;4 @A=B4@485 ;A>5 C46@45564 ;4 B?6>D46 EFGHCA5GI94 !J K

n,t n,t
(v2D ) = (v1D ) = v n,t ! #C6I9 6??<=>E>L67M4N E7 <=785>5? ;4 @A=B4@485 9=6
E49 ;4=O P4EE=E49 495 ?M7E4 Q K
n,t n,t n,t
(QdMt ) = A2D (h2D ) v n,t + A1D (h1D ) v n,t R !2ST
#= PA=69 ;= 56789:465N E7 <=785>5? ;4 @A=B4@485 56789B4697E4 9=6 E49 ;4=O @7>EE49
;4 P7EP=E 64954 E7 @U@4 K
n,m n,t
(QdMt ) = (QdMt ) R !2VT
n,m n,t
'8 >856A;=>9785 E49 ;?D8>5>A89 ;4 (QdMt ) 45 (QdMt ) 45 EFGHCA5GI94 !J
;789 R !2VTN A8 AL5>485 <=4 E7 B>54994 ;4 EF?PA=E4@485 ;789 E7 ;>64P5>A8 56789B46W
97E4 495 ?M7E4 Q K
n,m n,m n,m n,m
A2D (h2D ) (v2D ) + A1D (h1D ) (v1D )
v n,t = n,t n,t R !22T
A2D (h2D ) + A1D (h1D )
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
v n,t C4=5 U564 P7EP=E?4 48 =5>E>9785 R !22T 45 E4 :7>5 <=4 E49 56789:4659 ;4 <=78W
5>5?9 ;4 @A=B4@485 84 @A;>D485 C79 E49 G7=54=69 ;F47= 9=6 PG7<=4 P4EE=E4 K
n,t n,m n,t n,m
(h1D ) = (h1D ) 45 (h2D ) = (h2D ) ! X8 48 ;?;=>5 ;A8P <=4 E7 <=785>5?
;4 @A=B4@485 ;789 E7 ;>64P5>A8 56789B4697E4 CA=6 E7 @7>EE4 Y& 495 ?M7E4 Q K
n,t n,t
(r1D ) = (h1D ) v n,t R !YZZ7T
45 CA=6 E7 @7>EE4 J& K
n,t n,t
(r2D ) = (h2D ) v n,t R !YZZLT
$F?PA=E4@485 56789B4697E 56789CA654 ;4 E7 <=785>5? ;4 @A=B4@485 EA8M>5=W
;>87E4! $4 56789:465 ;4 <=785>5? ;4 @A=B4@485 56789B4697E4 9F7PPA@C7M84 ;A8P
;F=8 56789:465 ;4 <=785>5? ;4 @A=B4@485 EA8M>5=;>87E4! $4 BAE=@4 ;F47= <=>
567B4694 PG7<=4 >8546:7P4 >85?6>4=64 C48;785 E4 C79 54@C9 495 ?M7E Q K
n,t
VL = LL (h2D ) v n,t ∆t R !YZY7T

n,t n,t
VR = LR (h2D ) v ∆t R !YZYLT
"4 56789:465 ;4 @7994 9F7PPA@C7M84 ;F=8 56789:465 ;4 <=785>5? ;4 @A=B4@485
EA8M>5=;>87E4! [A=6 =8 ?PA=E4@485 56789B4697E ;4 E7 6>B4 ;6A>54 B469 E7 6>B4
M7=PG4N E49 <=785>5?9 ;4 @A=B4@485 EA8M>5=;>87E49 7C6I9 56789:465 9F?P6>B485 K
n,t n,m 1 n,m n,m
(q2D ) = (q2D ) + (VL (u1D ) − VR (u2D ) ) R !YZJ7T
A2D
n,t n,m 1 n,m n,m
(q1D ) = (q1D ) + (VR (u2D ) − VL (u1D ) ) R !YZJLT
A1D
[A=6 =8 ?PA=E4@485 56789B4697E ;789 EF7=564 ;>64P5>A8N E49 <=785>5?9 ;4 @A=B4W
@485 EA8M>5=;>87E49 7C6I9 56789:465 9F?P6>B485 K
n,t n,m 1 n,m n,m
(q2D ) = (q2D ) + (VR (u1D ) − VL (u2D ) ) R !YZ\7T
A2D
n,t n,m 1 n,m n,m
(q1D ) = (q1D ) + (VL (u2D ) − VR (u1D ) ) R !YZ\LT
A1D
"#$%&'() *+ (,-./0'&.1 2)- ,30$'&.1- 2) %(.%$4$'&.1 %$(
! /$ 5,'#.2) 2)- 6./05)- 7&1&-
Limite lit mineur / lit majeur

Vecteur vitesse 1D
Vecteur vitesse 2D
Echange de quantité de mouvement
Lit majeur Lit mineur entre les lits
!"#$% *+ 8 '9:;<=>9? @> AB:;?C?D @> EFBG>E>;? H IJC;?>9=:K> @>< DKFBI>E>;?<

tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
L2 >? M2
! ! "#$%&'(#) *( +,$%)-). *( /0,1(/(%) 20%3-),*-%$2(

/>< ?9:;<=>9?< @> AB:;?C?D @> EFBG>E>;? IF;NC?B@C;:I> F;? @>BO F9CNC;>< ?9:;<=>9?< :<<FKCD< :BO ?9:;<=>9?< @> E:<<> >;?9> I>< E:CII>< @> K:IKBI Q@DRH
K:IKBID< S9DKD@>EE>;?T >? I>< ?9:;<=>9?< ICD< :BO =9F??>E>;?< ICABC@>UICABC@> I>
IF;N @>< C;?>9=:K>< C;?D9C>B9><+ ">< ?9:;<=>9?< <F;? KFEE:;@D< S:9 I: =F9K> @>
KC<:CII>E>;? H IJC;?>9=:K>+ 2B =:C? @B N9:@C>;? @> GC?><<> >;?9> IJDKFBI>E>;? L2
>? IJDKFBI>E>;? M2 H IJF9CNC;> @> K>??> =F9K> @> KC<:CII>E>;? H IJC;?>9=:K>V B;>
WF;> ?B9XBI>;?> <> =F9E> :B ;CG>:B @> IJC;?>9=:K>+ $B ;CG>:B @> K>??> WF;>V @><
<?9BK?B9>< ?FB9XCIIF;;:C9>< <F;? H IJF9CNC;> @JDKY:;N>< >;?9> IJDKFBI>E>;? L2 >?
IJDKFBI>E>;? M2V XC>; AB> I>< ?9:;<=>9?< @> E:<<> <FC>;? ;BI< >; EFZ>;;> QGFC9
7CNB9> *+ T+ &I Z : >; >[>?V B; ?9:;<=>9? <CEBI?:;D @>SBC< I: E:CII> L2 G>9<
I: E:CII> M2 >? @> I: E:CII> M2 G>9< I: E:CII> L2+ 0; EF@\I> @> ?B9XBI>;K>
D?:XIC<<:;? I> @DXC? @> ?9:;<=>9? @JB; DKFBI>E>;? G>9< IJ:B?9> >; =F;K?CF; @B
N9:@C>;? @> GC?><<> : D?D KYFC<C+ />< EF@\I>< @> ?B9XBI>;K> <F;? 9>I:?CG>E>;?
;FEX9>BOV ?FB?>=FC<V I> KYFCO <J><? SF9?D <B9 B; EF@\I> 9>I:?CG>E>;? <CESI> >?
<B]<:EE>;? S9DKC< >; 9>N:9@ @>< CES9DKC<CF;< C;YD9>;?>< H B; EF@\I> @:;< @><
KF;^NB9:?CF;< 9D>II><+ /: =F9EBI:?CF; S9FSF<D> S:9 _!`V DABCG:I>;? H B; EF@\I>
@> IF;NB>B9 @> EDI:;N>V : D?D 9>?>;B>+ /> @DXC? @> ?9:;<=>9? ICD H I: ?B9XBI>;K>
><? <DS:9D @B @DXC? @> ?9:;<=>9? ICD :B KY:;N>E>;? @> =F9E> @B K:;:I L2+ />
@DXC? @> ?9:;<=>9? ICD H I: ?B9XBI>;K> >;?9> IJDKFBI>E>;? L2 >? IJDKFBI>E>;? M2
<BC? I: 9>I:?CF; P
n,t
qt = v (h2D ) Q*+La*T
Fb v ><? I: GC?><<> @> IJDKFBI>E>;? @:;< I: @C9>K?CF; ?9:;<G>9<:I> H IJC;?>9=:K>
KF;<C@D9D>+ %:9 YZSF?Y\<> @B EF@\I>V K>??> GC?><<> ><? <BSSF<D> S9FSF9?CF;;>II>
H I: @C[D9>;K> @> GC?><<> >;?9> I>< @>BO DKFBI>E>;?<+ /: =F9EBI:?CF; S9FSFU
<D> <BSSF<> AB> I: GC?><<> @:;< KY:AB> DKFBI>E>;? ><? S:9:II\I> H IJC;?>9=:K>+
! ! "#$"%$ &'( )$%* + ,-#.'-( $'( /0,'-)#"'( /0,1-/'%-'(
23
v2
u2,L
Interface gauche
u2
β
v1
u1,L
u1
u1,R
β
v2
Interface droite
u2
u2,R
!"#$% !45 6 789:;<=>9? @;A B;<=;C8A B>=;AA; @D?A E; 8;FG8;?=>;E DAA9<>G DCH
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
>?=;8FD<;A >?=G8>;C8;A
/E <9?B>;?= @9?< @; I8;?@8; ;? <9JI=;K @D?A ED F98JCED=>9?K ED <9JI9AD?=; @;

ED B>=;AA; I9C8 <LDMC; G<9CE;J;?= MC> ;A= ID8DEENE; O EP>?=;8FD<; >?=G8>;C8; QB9>8
)>RC8; !45S!
$; @GT>= @; =8D?AF;8= O =8DB;8A <LDMC; >?=;8FD<; APG<8>= @9?;?= @; I89I98=>9??DE>=G ;= 9W β ;A= EPD?RE; F98JG ID8 EPDH;
@C <D?DE 4& ;= C?; >?=;8FD<; >?=G8>;C8; QB9>8 )>RC8; !45S! YZ[ D J9?=8G MC; Ψ
BD8>; I;C DB;< ED RG9JG=8>; @;A G<9CE;J;?=A ;= I89I9A; @P;JIE9\;8 Ψ = 0.016
@D?A EP;?A;JTE; @;A <9?]RC8D=>9?A 8;?<9?=8G;A! "9??D>AAD?= E; @GT>= @; =8D?AF;8=
O =8DB;8A <LDMC; >?=;8FD<; >?=G8>;C8;K ED E9?RC;C8 @; <;A >?=;8FD<;A ;= E; IDA @;
=;JIAK >E ;A= I9AA>TE; @P;? @G@C>8; EPGB9EC=>9? @; MCD?=>=G @; J9CB;J;?= AC8
<LDMC; JD>EE; @; <DE<CE U
n,t n,t
n,l n,t (u2D ) − (u1D )
(q1D ) = (q1D ) + ∆t (LL qt,L + LR qt,R ) Q !45ZDS
A1D
n,t n,t
n,l n,t (u2D ) − (u1D )
(q2D ) = (q2D ) − ∆t (LL qt,L + LR qt,R ) Q !45ZTS
A2D
n,t n,t
n,l n,t (v2D ) − (v1D )
(r1D ) = (r1D ) + ∆t (LL qt,L + LR qt,R ) Q !45Z<S
A1D
n,t n,t
n,l n,t (v2D ) − (v1D )
(r2D ) = (r2D ) − ∆t (LL qt,L + LR qt,R ) Q !45Z@S
A2D
Maille 2Di+1
Maille 2Di
Maille 2Di-1
Maille 1Di+1
Maille 1Di
Maille virtuelle 1Di-1
Maille 2Di+1
Maille 2Di
Maille 2Di-1
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
i−1
i
ub − 2cb = uR − 2cR
b R
!"! #$%&'()$%*)$+, %-*)$*./ #/ .* 0+,/ #1()2#/ 33
45 46789: ;8 <:=>?@A5 45 '95AB88 C ?198D5:EBF5 4=8D ?B G=?;D9=8 <5:A5D 45

46D5:A985: ?5G H;I C D:BJ5:G ?B ?9A9D5 4; A=4@?5!
.5G F=849D9=8G B;I ?9A9D5G G=8D 467895G G;: ?5G ?9A9D5G 4; AB9??BK5 >949A58L
G9=885?! #B8G ?5 FBG =M 9? N B 6KB?5A58D ;85 AB9??5 O# 58 ?9A9D5 4; A=4@?5P
?1;D9?9GBD9=8 45 ?B F=849D9=8 B;I ?9A9D5G 58 46>9D 5GD <:=>?6ABD9Q;5! /8 5R5DP <B:
G=;F9G 45 G9A<?9F9D6P G5;? ?5 46>9D 58D:B8D G;: ?B AB9??5 O# 5D G;: ?B AB9??5 S#
5GD F=88;! .B :6<B:D9D9=8 58D:5 ?5G 45;I AB9??5G 5GD 46D5:A9865 <B: ?5 ?=K9F95?! .5
46>9D ;89DB9:5 q D:B8G9DB8D <B: ?B ?9A9D5 4; A=4@?5 5GD 7I6 <B: ?1;D9?9GBD5;: T ?5
46>9D Q D:B8G9DB8D <B: ?5G 45;I AB9??5G 5GD 4=8F 6KB? C U
Q = (L1D + L2D ) q = Q1D + Q2D V !OWXY
+8 EB9D ?1ZN<=DZ@G5 Q;5 ?5 46>9D 58D:B8D G;: ;85 AB9??5 5GD <:=<=:D9=885? C ?B
G5FD9=8 A=;9??65 U
L1D h1D
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
Q1D = q1D L1D = Q V !OW3Y

L1D h1D + L2D h2D
L2D h2D
Q2D = q2D L2D = Q V !OOWY
L1D h1D + L2D h2D
+8 58 464;9D 4=8F ?5 46>9D ;89DB9:5 ;D9?9G6 C ?198D5:EBF5 45G F5??;?5G O# 5D S# U
(L1D + L2D ) h1D
q1D = q V !OOOY
L1D h1D + L2D h2D
(L1D + L2D ) h2D

q2D = q V !OOSY
L1D h1D + L2D h2D
!" #$%&'()$%*)$+, %-*)$*./ 0/ .* 1+,/ 02()30/

.B 49GF:6D9GBD9=8 45 ?B [=85 416D;45 5GD ;85 6DB<5 E=84BA58DB?5 45 ?B F=8GD:;FL
D9=8 41;8 A=4@?5 >949A58G9=885?! .B JB?5;: 45G JB:9B>?5G FB?F;?65G 85 G5:B F=88;5
Q;5 G;: ?5G AB9??5G 45 FB?F;?! .B 49GF:6D9GBD9=8 V5D 4=8F ?5 AB9??BK5Y 45J:B <B:
F=8G6Q;58D \D:5 B4B<D65 BJ5F ;85 458G9D6 BFF:;5 4B8G ?5G [=85G <=;: ?5GQ;5??5G
;85 <:6F9G9=8 <?;G 9A<=:DB8D5 5GD J9G65! -=;: F5DD5 6DB<5P F15GD K686:B?5A58D
?15I<6:958F5 4; A=46?9GBD5;: Q;9 <5:A5D 45 46D5:A985: ?B 458G9D6 45 AB9??BK5
86F5GGB9:5 <=;: ;85 <:6F9G9=8 J9G65!
.B [=85 416D;45 5GD 49GF:6D9G65 G=;G E=:A5 45 <=?NK=85G! ]958 Q;5 ?B A6DZ=L
4=?=K95 5D ?5 ?=K9F95? 45 :6G=?;D9=8 45G 6Q;BD9=8G 85 ?19A<=G58D <BGP ?5G <=?NK=85G
=8D ^ =; F=D6G! /8 5R5DP ?5G ?=K9F95?G 45 AB9??BK5G F=;:B8D 85 <5:A5DD58D K686:BL
?5A58D <BG 45 D:B9D5: 45G <=?NK=85G BJ5F <?;G 45 F=D6G! .B G5;?5 F=8D:B98D5 9A<=L
G65 <B: ?B A6DZ=4=?=K95 <=;: ?B F=8GD:;FD9=8 4; AB9??BK5 S# 5GD Q;5 ?5G AB9??5G
4=9J58D \D:5 F=8J5I5G! /8 5R5DP ?B A6DZ=4=?=K95 45 FB?F;? 9458D975 ?1=:958DBD9=8
41;85 98D5:EBF5 C <B:D9: 45 ?B <=G9D9=8 45G F58D:5G 45 K:BJ9D6 45G AB9??5G 45 <B:D
5D 41B;D:5 45 F5DD5 98D5:EBF5! #B8G ?5 FBG 45 AB9??5G F=8FBJ5GP ?5G 45;I F58D:5G 45
K:BJ9D6 <5;J58D \D:5 4; A\A5 F=D6 45 ?198D5:EBF5 5D B98G9 <:=J=Q;5: ;85 5::5;:
"#$%&'() *+ (,-./0'&.1 2)- ,30$'&.1- 2) %(.%$4$'&.1 %$(
!! /$ 5,'#.2) 2)- 6./05)- 7&1&-
89:; <=>?@A:B9B@>: 8A <=@:BA?C9DA+ /A D>8A 8A D9<DE< @8A:B@FA 9EB>G9B@HEAGA:B <9

I?J;A:DA 8A G9@<<A; D>:D9KA; I>E? JK@BA? B>EBA A??AE? E<BJ?@AE?A+
/A G9@<<9LA I>E? <=JD>E<AGA:B E:@8@GA:;@>::A< MG9@<<9LA 2N A;B D>:;B?E@B
;E? <A G9@<<9LA I>E? <A; JD>E<AGA:B; O@8@GA:;@>::A<; MG9@<<9LA P2N+ /A D>EI<9LA
A:B?A <A; 8AEQ G>8R<A; ;EII>;A HE=E:A G9@<<A 2 A;B @:BJL?9<AGA:B @:D<E;A 89:;
E:A G9@<<A P2+ ): ASABT DA<9 IA?GAB 8A ;=9;;E?A? HEA <A; JDU9:LA; <9BJ?9EQ 8=E:A
G9@<<A 2 :A ;A C>:B HE=9KAD E:A E:@HEA G9@<<A P2+
-E? <9 O9;A 8E G9@<<9LA P2T <A <>L@D@A< I?>8E@B 9EB>G9B@HEAGA:B <A G9@<<9LA
2 V I9?B@? 8E B?9DJ 8E D9:9< 2 C>E?:@ ;>E; C>?GA 8A I><W<@L:A;+ %>E? DU9HEA
;>GGAB 8A <9 I><W<@L:AT <9 D>BA 8E C>:8 zb,1D A;B ?A:;A@L:JA 9@:;@ HEA <9 <9?LAE?
b 8E D9:9< 2 ;E@K9:B <9 O@;;ADB?@DA C>?GJA I9? <=9QA 8E D9:9< 9K9:B AB 9I?R;
<A I>@:B D>:DA?:J >E IA?IA:8@DE<9@?AGA:B 9E B?>:X>: I>E? <A; AQB?JG@BJ; 8A <9
I><W<@L:A MK>@? 7@LE?A *+ P9N+
/A; @:BA?C9DA; 8E G9@<<9LA 2 ;>:B D>:;B?E@BA; <A <>:L 8A; @:BA?C9DA; P2 @:Y
BA?;ADBJA; I9? <9 I><W<@L:A I>?B9:B <A D9:9< 2 MK>@? 7@LE?A *+ PON+ /9 I><WY
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
<@L:A 8A ;EII>?B 8E D9:9< 2 :A 8>@B 8>:D I9; I9;;A? I9? <=E: 8A; ;>GGAB; 8E
G9@<<9LA; P2+ /A; G9@<<A; 2 ;>:B D>:;B?E@BA; V I9?B@? 8A <AE?; @:BA?C9DA; MK>@?
7@LE?A *+ PDN+
/9 D>:;B?EDB@>: 8E G9@<<9LA P2 8>@B ZB?A ?J9<@;JA A: I?JK>W9:B <9 D>:;B?EDB@>:
E<BJ?@AE?A 8E G9@<<9LA 2+ ): ASAB 89:; DA?B9@:A; D>:FLE?9B@>:;T E:A G9@<<A 2
IAEB D>:BA:@? E:A @:BA?C9DA 8=E:A G9@<<A P2 MK>@? 7@LE?A *+ [9N >E <9 G9@<<A 2
IAEB ZB?A E: I><WL>:A D?>@;J MK>@? 7@LE?A *+ [ON+
"A; D>:FLE?9B@>:; ;>:B I?>O<JG9B@HEA;T ;>@B I>E? <9 LA;B@>: 8A; G9@<<A; 8A
D9<DE< I9? <A D>8A ;>@B D9? A<<A; @:K9<@8A:B DA?B9@:A; UWI>BUR;A; ?J9<@;JA; MK>@?
-ADB@>: *+*+ N+ />?; 8A <9 K9<@89B@>: 8E G>8E<A 8A D>:;B?EDB@>: 8E G9@<<9LA 2T
@< A;B 9II9?E HEA <9 D>:;B?EDB@>: 8=E: G9@<<9LA P2 98JHE9B IA?GAB 8A ;=9S?9:Y
DU@? 8A; I?>O<RGA; D@BJ;+ ): ASABT <=E;9LA 8A G9@<<A; P2 D>EI<JA; ;A:;@O<AGA:B
I<E; L?9:8A; HEA <A; G9@<<A; 2 HE=A<<A; D>:B@A::A:B 9@:;@ HEA <=EB@<@;9B@>: 8=E:
G9@<<9LA P2 9W9:B JBJ D>:XE I>E? ;EII>?BA? <A G9@<<9LA 2 A;B D>:;A@<<J MK>@?
7@LE?A *+ *N+
/A; JHE9B@>:; E:@8@GA:;@>::A<<A M[+*\N AB O@8@GA:;@>::A<<A M[+*]N ;>:B 8>:D
8@;D?JB@;JA; ;E? <A G9@<<9LA 9@:;@ >OBA:ET DU9HEA G9@<<A 2 JB9:B 9;;>D@JA V <9
G9@<<A P2 HE@ <9 D>:B@A:B+
/A; 8@SJ?A:BA; JB9IA; 8A ?J;><EB@>: 8A; JHE9B@>:; 8A I?>I9L9B@>: I9? <9 GJY
BU>8A 8A; K><EGA; F:@; >:B B>EBA; JBJ AQI<@D@BJ;+ /A D>8A 8A D9<DE< -^ P2
D>??A;I>:8 V <9 I?>L?9GG9B@>: A: C>?B?9: 8A DA; 8@SJ?A:BA; JB9IA; 8A D9<DE<+ /A
DU9I@B?A ;E@K9:B ;=@:BJ?A;;A V <9 K9<@89B@>: AB V <=JK9<E9B@>: 8A; IA?C>?G9:DA; 8A
DA :>EKA9E D>8A 8A D9<DE<+
interface des mailles 2D polyligne de support du canal 1D
polyligne de support du canal 1D largeur du canal 1D
largeur du canal 1D rives du canal 1D
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
interface extérieure 1D
interface intérieure 1D
maille 1D
interface des mailles 2D polyligne de support du canal 1D
polyligne de support du canal 1D interface des mailles 2D
largeur du canal 1D interface des mailles 1D
interface des mailles 1D largeur du canal 1D
interface intérieure interface intérieure maille 1D croisée
interface 2D incluse
dans une maille 1D
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
polyligne de support du canal 1D

interface intérieure 1D (pas de résolution d’un problème de Riemann)
interface extérieure 1D (résolution d’un problème de Riemann)
interface des mailles 2D (résolution d’un problème de Riemann)
!"#$%&' (
!"#$%&%"
!""#$%&
!" #$%&'$(&)* '+ ,)%-.+/ 0)/12 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "34
!"!" #$%&'()(*+ &*,-,)(*.,%**(' / +012(0. &*( 3%*( -( 4%0%.,+5
210,16'( 7 8(.+ T1 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "9:
!"!; #$%&'()(*+ &*,-,)(*.,%**(' .&0 &*( 6%..( 7 8(.+ T2 ! ! ! ! ! "9<
!"!= >&4+&0( -( 61001?( ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "9@
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!"!=!" >&4+&0( &*,-,)(*.,%**(''( 12($ 4%0%.,+5 210,16'( AT3 B"9@

!"!=!; >&4+&0( &*,-,)(*.,%**(''( 12($ &*( 4%0%.,+5 -,.$%*C
+,*&( AT4 B ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "";
!"!=!= >&4+&0( 6,-,)(*.,%**(''( 12($ 4%0%.,+5 210,16'( AT5 B "":
!"!: #+&-( -( $%*2(0?(*$( AT6 B ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "":
!"! D1. +(.+ (E450,)(*+1' AT7 B ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ""<
!5 6789/&.*:., /9$%&,9., ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "53
!;!" F(.$0,4+,%* -& -,.4%.,+,G (E450,)(*+1' ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ";9
!;!; H50,( " C D1'1?( -& $%(I$,(*+ -( 0&?%.,+5 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ";;
!;!;!" D%*J?&01+,%* K D1*1' / *& L AM&B ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ";;
!;!;!; D%*J?&01+,%* K N1041,*?. L AN0B ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ";=
!;!;!= D%*J?&01+,%* K O0,P&(. L AO0B ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ";
!;!;!: Q%-5',.1+,%* ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ";R
!;!;! D%(I$,(*+ -( 0&?%.,+5 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "=;
!;!= H50,( ; C D1*1' 0($+1*?&'1,0( 12($ -56%0-()(*+ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "==
!;!=!" D%*J?&01+,%* ST,+ ),*(&0 7 cmU A<$)B ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "=
!;!=!; D%*J?&01+,%* K T,+ ),*(&0 17 cm L A"<$)B ! ! ! ! ! "=R
!;!=!= D%*J?&01+,%* ST,+ ),*(&0 28 cmU A;R$)B ! ! ! ! ! ! ":9
!;!=!: F&05( -( .,)&'1+,%* ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ":;
!;!: H50,( = C D%&-(. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "::
!;!:!" D%*J?&01+,%* K D%&-(. / @9 01440%$V5. L A@9$B ! ! "::
!;!:!; D%*J?&01+,%* K D%&-(. / @9 5'%,?*5. L A@9'B ! ! ! ! " 9
!;!:!= F&05( -( .,)&'1+,%* ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! " ;
!;! H50,( : C W+&-( -( '1 .+0&$+&0( -(. 5$%&'()(*+. +01*.2(0.1&E " =
!; <)'9%&,$(&)* '=+* :$, /9.% ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! " 4
!=!" N05.(*+1+,%* -( '1 3%*( -X5+&-( ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! " :
!=!; D%)4101,.%* -(. V1&+(&0. -X(1& .,)&'5(. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! " <
!=!= D%)4101,.%* -(. 2,+(..(. -X5$%&'()(*+ .,)&'5(. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "Y"
!"
!" #$%&'()* +, )-./0(%(.
01 2345676869:; 73<;86==3; 1> ?51=:4@; " 1 343 :2=81A43; 71AB >A ?67; 7;
?18?>8 73A6223 .C DE F=6>@ .51886G C14;@ EHDEI, E1AB >A =@;2:;@ 4;2=BJ
8K;L?1?:43 7> B68<;>@ 7; ):;21AA =@6=6B3 M 81 B;?4:6A ",D," ;B4 3<18>3;, #; B68H
<;>@ ;B4 ?62=1@3 M >A B68<;>@ $00# =@3B;A43 71AB NDOP, E1AB >A B;?6A7 4;2=BJ
81 2345676869:; 7; ?6>=819; EHDE 7; .C DE ;B4 ?62=1@3; M 81 2345676869:;
Q:7:2;AB:6AA;88; 7; .CDE, /A; 1238:6@14:6A B;AB:Q8; 7; 81 <:4;BB; 7; ?18?>8
=6>@ >A; =@3?:B:6A B:2:81:@; ;B4 144;A7>;,
E;B ;R=3@:;A?;B B>@ 267S8;B @37>:4B 6A4 343 @318:B3;B 1> B;:A 7; 8K*?68; T14:6H
A18; .>=3@:;>@; 7K%9@6A62:; 7; U6A4=;88:;@ F*T.%UI, %=@SB >A; 7;B?@:=4:6A
7; ?51V>; ;R=3@:;A?;J 8;B @3B>8414B A>23@:V>;B B;@6A4 ?6AW@6A43B 1>R 2;B>@;B
;R=3@:2;A418;B 1XA 7K3<18>;@ 81 =;@4:A;A?; 7;B @3B>8414B B:2>83B ;4 7; ?62=1@;@
81 =@3?:B:6A ;4 81 @1=:7:43 7; ?18?>8 7;B 7;>R 6>4:8B,
!" #$% &'%&% ()*+ ,$ -$,./$&.)0 /* %),-'*+ 1)+23

tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
&6>@ <18:7;@ 8K;L?1?:43 7> B68<;>@ &6@%. 73<;86==3 M 81 B;?4:6A ",DJ 4@;:Y; 7:WH
W3@;A4B ?1B 4;B4B 6A4 343 @318:B3B M =1@4:@ 7; 5>:4 936234@:;B ;4 1<;? 7;B ?6A7:4:6AB
7K3?6>8;2;A4 <1@:1Q8;B FZ><:18J 46@@;A4:;8J 4@1AB?@:4:V>; ;4 @;BB1>4 5[7@1>8:V>;I,
0;B ?1B 4;B4B B6A4 73A6223B Ti,(sub, sup, trans, jump) , 0;B @3B>8414B B6A4 ?62=1@3B
M 81 B68>4:6A 1A18[4:V>; F6> B;2:H1A18[4:V>;I ;4 1>R @3B>8414B ?18?>83B 1<;? 8;
B68<;>@ $00# =@3B;A43 71AB NDOP, E1AB ?51V>; B;?4:6AJ 81 936234@:; ;2=86[3;
;B4 73?@:4;, 01 936234@:; 1 343 73<;86==3; =6>@ 3<18>;@ 8;B =;@W6@21A?;B 7>
B68<;>@ &6@%. ;A @39:2; =;@21A;A4 F T1,(sub, sup, trans, jump) I, EK1>4@;B ?62=1@1:H
B6AB 6A4 3918;2;A4 343 @318:B3;B B>@ 81 Q1B; 7;B ?1B 4;B4B =@6=6B3B 71AB N"DP \
T2,(sub, trans) ;4 71AB NDOP \ T3 J T4 ;4 T5 , /A; 34>7; 7; ?6A<;@9;A?; 1 3918;2;A4
343 @318:B3; =6>@ 8;B 7;>R B68<;>@B &6@%. ;4 $00# \ T6,(1, 2, 3) , 0K;L?1?:43 7> B68H
<;>@ &6@%. 1 343 4;B43; ;A ?62=1@1A4 8;B @3B>8414B 7> 267S8; 1<;? 7;B 76AA3;B
;R=3@:2;A418;B \ T7 ,
!"!" #$%&'()(*+ &*,-,)(*.,%**(' / +012(0. &*( 3%*( -(

4%0%.,+5 210,16'( 7 8(.+ T1
01 =@;2:S@; 936234@:; ?6AB:B4; ;A >A 3?6>8;2;A4 =;@21A;A4 71AB >A ?1A18
B1AB =;A4; ;4 1<;? >A; =6@6B:43 <1@:1Q8;, 0;B V>14@; ?1B 4;B4B 1BB6?:3B 76:<;A4
=;@2;44@; 7; 2;44@; ;A 3<:7;A?; 8;B =;@W6@21A?;B 7> B68<;>@ 73<;86==3 ;A =@3H
B;A?; 7; =6@6B:43 <1@:1Q8;, /A =@6X8 =1@1Q68:V>; 1 343 ?56:B: =6>@ 81 =6@6B:43 \
ax2 + bx + c B: x ∈ [Xm − L0 ; Xm + L0 ]

φ (x) = F+, I
φ0 B:A6A
φ0 − φm 2
− L20

a= 2 , b = −2aXm , c = φ0 + a Xm
L0
6] Xm ;B4 8K1QB?:BB; 7> 2:8:;> 7> @34@3?:BB;2;A4J 2L0 B1 86A9>;>@J φ0 ;B4 81

=6@6B:43 M 8K;R43@:;>@ 7> @34@3?:BB;2;A4 ;4 φm ;B4 81 =6@6B:43 1> ?;A4@; F<6:@
!"! #$%&'$(&)* '+ ,)%#-+. /).$, "0
φ0
φ0
φ'm
φm
φm
2L0 2L0 2L0
x x
Xm Xm X’m
!" #"
!"#$% !" 1 ,23456 78 749:;<;=: 78> ?6@;6AB8> C=D@ B8 26> <8>< T1 !
E;FD@8 !"6G! %8> C6@65H<@8> D<;B;>4> C=D@ B8> >;5DB6<;=:> >=:< @8F@=DC4> 76:>
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
B8 <6AB86D !"!
/=D@ 4<6AB;@ B6 >=BD<;=: 78 @4I4@8:28 C=D@ 28 26> <8><J =: D<;B;>8 BK4LD6<;=: 78
2=:>8@?6<;=: 78 B6 LD6:<;<4 78 5=D?858:< 8: @4F;58 C8@56:8:< M
2
d q 1 1 dφ
+ gφh = gh2
2
N !OG
dx φh 2 2 dx
-: 2=5A;:6:< BK4LD6<;=: 78 2=:<;:D;<4 6?82 BK4LD6<;=: N !OG =: 6A=D<;2@4<;>6<;=: 78 N !QG 8>< @46B;>48 78 BK65=:< ?8@>
BK6?6B 8: D<;B;>6:< B6 54<3=78 7K-DB8@ 8SCB;2;<8 N8< ?;28 ?8@>6 C=D@ D: 42=DB858:<
<=@@8:<;8BG M
u2u
hd = hu − hu (φu − φd ) N !TG
φ (ghu − u2u )
%6 @4I4@8:28 7D 26> <8>< T1,sup 8>< 4<6AB;8 8: ;5C=>6:< D: 74A;< D:;<6;@8 q =
1 m2 s−1 8< D:8 36D<8D@ 7K86D P B6 B;5;<8 65=:< h = 0, 2 m! /=D@ B8 26> <8><
T1,sub J B8 74A;< D:;<6;@8 ?6D< 4F6B858:< q = 1 m2 s−1 8< B6 2=:7;<;=: P B6 B;5;<8
6?6B 8>< h = 1, 1 m! /=D@ B8 26> <8>< <@6:>2@;<;LD8 T1,trans J =: C8D< 5=:<@8@ LD8
B8 C=;:< 2@;<;LD8 =U E@ = 1 2=@@8>C=:7 :428>>6;@858:;<4
:DB B=26B;>4 8: Xm ! %6 B;F:8 7K86D C8D< V<@8 74<8@5;:48 8: 7;>2@4<;>6:< N !QG
78CD;> Xm ?8@> B8> 8S<@45;<4> 7D 7=56;:8 78 26B2DB 8: 622=@7 6?82 B8 @4F;58
7K42=DB858:<! /=D@ B8 26> <8>< 6?82 D: @8>>6D< 3W7@6DB;LD8J B6 B;F:8 7K86D P
BK65=:< 7D F@67;8:< 78 C=@=>;<4 :DB 8>< 26B2DB48 78 B6 5V58 56:;H@8 LD8 C=D@
B8 26> <8>< <@6:>2@;<;LD8! $ B6 B;5;<8 6?6B 7D 7=56;:8J D:8 2=:7;<;=: RD?;6B8 8><
;5C=>48 M h = 0, 811 m! %6 C=>;<;=: 7D @8>>6D< 3W7@6DB;LD8 8>< 74<8@5;:48 8:
26B2DB6:< B6 B;F:8 7K86D 78CD;> Xm ?8@> BK6?6B 8< 78 BK8S<@45;<4 6?6B ?8@> BK65=:< X
N !QG 8>< 7;>2@4<;>48 8: 674LD6<;=: 6?82 B8 @4F;58 7K42=DB858:<! %K;5CDB>;=: I
!" #$%&'()* +, )-./0(%(.
.123456 .7897:;<=749 ><56?@

g %;;A5A@<=749 8@<B7=<=74996556 9, 81 m s−2
φ0 &4@4C7=A D 5E6F=A@76?@ G? @A=@A;7CC6269= 1
H7972?2 G6 5< I4@4C7=A J
φm K I4?@ 56C ;<C =6C=C T1,sup 6= T1,jump 0, 6
K I4?@ 56C ;<C =6C=C T1,sub 6= T1,trans 0, 5
L0 0498?6?@ G? @A=@A;7CC6269= 25 m
xm &4C7=749 G6 5< I4@4C7=A 27972<56 G<9C 56 G42<796 φm 50 m
L L7269C749 G? G42<796 100 m
∆x L7269C749 G6C 2<7556C G6 ;<5;?5 0, 1 m
q LA37= ?97=<7@6 72I4CA D 5< 5727=6 <249= 1 m2 s−1
$<?=6?@ GE6<? 72I4CA6 D 5< 5727=6 <B<5 J
hav K I4?@ 56 ;<C =6C= T1,sup 0, 2 m
K I4?@ 56 ;<C =6C= T1,sub 1, 1 m
!"#$!% +, M &<@<2N=@6C I4?@ 5< I@627N@6 8A42A=@76 J #<C =6C=C 69 @A8726

tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
I6@2<969= OA;4?56269= ?97G7269C749965 G<9C ?9 ;<9<5 <B6; @A=@A;7CC6269= K

T1,(sub, sup, trans, jump) P,
;4@@6CI49G<9= D ;6C G6?F I@4:5C 6C= A8<56269= ;<5;?5A6 J
Q2 1
I= + ghS !"!#
S 2
$% &%''()* +,-&()./0)% %'* .12(./'3 4 .5(6'2/''% -5/7*%&'%2*/17 -%' -%)8 9&1:.'
-5/;9).'/17" $( 91'/*/17 -) &%''()* +,-&()./0)% %'* *&<' '%7'/6.% 4 .( 21*% -% .(
')&=(2% ./6&% 4 .5(>(." ?7 %@%*A '/ .( 21*% %'* .3B<&%;%7* ')&C%'*/;3%A .% &%''()*
'%&( .12(./'3 *&19 %7 (;17* %* 71/%&( .% &3*&32/''%;%7* 21;;% 91)& .% 2('C*%'*
%7 &3B/;% D)>/(.# (.1&' 0)% '/ %..% %'* '1)' %'*/;3%A .% &%''()* '%&( .12(./'3 +1&'
-) -1;(/7% -% 2(.2)." E1)& .% 2(' *%'* 7);3&/0)%A )7 '%217- &3*&32/''%;%7* ( 3*3
/;9.(7*3 4 .5(>(. -) 9&%;/%& -(7' .% ;1-<.% -% ;(7/<&% 4 16*%7/& )7 321).%;%7*
%7 &3B/;% D)>/(. 4 .5(;17* -% 2% -%&7/%& %* -172 )7 &%'()* .12(./'3 %7*&% .%' -%)8
&3*&32/''%;%7*'" $% ;/./%) -) '%217- &3*&32/''%;%7* %'* .12(./'3 4 x = 150mA .(
′
91&1'/*3 () 2%7*&% >()* φm = 0, 7 %* .( .17B)%)& *1*(.% -% .( >(&/(*/17 %'* -%
50m >1/& F/B)&% !"G6#" $( 21*% -% .( ')&=(2% ./6&% /;91'3% 4 .5(>(. 91)& .% 2(.2).
-% .( '1.)*/17 -% &3=3&%72% 21&&%'917- %8(2*%;%7* 4 .( 21*% -% .( ')&=(2% ./6&% 4
.5(;17* -% .( '%217-% >(&/(*/17 -% 91&1'/*3 -(7' .( '/;).(*/17 7);3&/0)%"
$%' '/;).(*/17' '17* &3(./'3%' 4 9(&*/& -5)7% 217-/*/17 /7/*/(.% () &%91' %* ')&
)7 ;(/..(B% )7/=1&;% -% 9(' -5%'9(2% ∆x = 0, 1mA H)'0)54 3*(6./''%;%7* -5)7
&3B/;% 9%&;(7%7* ')& .5%7'%;6.% -) -1;(/7%" $%' :B)&%' !"I 4 !"! 9&3'%7*%7* .%'
9&1:.' 16*%7)' (>%2 .%' '1.>%)&' J$$K %* E1&LM 91)& .%' 0)(*&% 217:B)&(*/17'
-) *%'* T1 " E(& '1)2/ -% 2.(&*3A '%).% )7% ;(/..% -% 2(.2). ')& GN %'* &%9&3'%7*3%
')& .%' :B)&%' !"I 4 !"O" E1)& .%' 2(' *%'*' D)>/(.A *1&&%7*/%. %* (>%2 )7 &%''()*
+,-&()./0)%A .( +()*%)& -5%() %* .% -36/* )7/*(/&% '17* 21&&%2*%;%7* 2(.2).3' 9(&
.%' -%)8 '1.>%)&'" P3(7;1/7'A .( +()*%)& -5%() -(7' .% &3*&32/''%;%7* %'* ;/%)8
!"! #$%&'$(&)* '+ ,)%#-+. /).$, "01
0.4 1.8
Reference 1.7 Reference

HLLC 1.6 HLLC
Poras Poras
1.5
0.3
q (m²/s)
1.4
h (m)
1.3
1.2
0.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.1 0.8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
x (m) x (m)
5.1
0.35
5.0
Reference
0.30 HLLC
u (m/s)
4.9 Poras
h (m)
0.25
4.8
Reference
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
HLLC
0.20 4.7
Poras
0.15 4.6
20 30 40 50 20 30 40 50
x (m) x (m)
!"#$% !2 3 456789:9;< <6==9;<>98 7;>?>:9;@>6;;98 ?A;@ 7; =B<=B5>@@9:9;<

CT1,sup D! ,687<>6;@ ?9 =BEB=9;59 9< @>:78B9@ AF95 89@ @68F97=@ G%%H 9< /6=$, I
9; JA7< K LA75J9M JA7<97= ?N9A7 I 9; JA7< K ?=6><9M ?BO>< 7;><A>=9 I 9; OA@ K
LA75J9M ?B<A>8 ?9 8A 8>L;9 ?N9A7 ?A;@ 89 =B<=B5>@@9:9;<9M F><9@@9
?9 8NB56789:9;< ?A;@ 89 =B<=B5>@@9:9;<!
9@<>:B9 AF95 89 @68F97= /6=$, P67= 89 =BL>:9 <6==9;<>98 CF6>= Q>L7=9 !2M 9; OA@
K LA75J9D! %9 @68F97= G%%H @67@R9@<>:9 8A F><9@@9 ?9 8NB56789:9;< ?A;@ 59<<9
=BL>6;! /67= 89 5A@ <9@< <=A;@5=><>S79M 89@ P=6T8@ ?9 F><9@@9 9< ?9 JA7<97= ?N9A7
@6;< 56==95<9:9;< 9@<>:B@ PA= 89@ ?97U @68F97=@! %A TL7=9 !V P=B@9;<9 89 ?BO><
5A8578B AF95 89@ @68F97=@ G%%H 9< /6=$,! %9@ 5A@ <9@<@ T1,(sub, sup, trans, jump)
@6;< 9; =BL>:9 P9=:A;9;<M 89 ?BO>< ?6>< ?6;5 W<=9 89 :W:9 @7= 8N9;@9:O89 ?7
?6:A>;9! /67= 59@ @>:78A<>6;@M 89 @68F97= G%%H @7=9@<>:9 89 ?BO>< <A;?>@ S79 89
@68F97= /6=$, 5A85789 7; ?BO>< 56;@<A;<! H9 PJB;6:X;9 P97< 9UP8>S79= P67=S76>
8A F><9@@9 9@< @67@ 9@<>:B9 ?A;@ 89 =B<=B5>@@9:9;< P67= 89 5A@ <9@< <6==9;<>98!
%N>;9Y5A5>B9 ?A;@ Z[2\M 9< 89@ A7<97=@ 6;< :6;<=B
S79 59=<A>;@ <9=:9@ ?7 O>8A; ?9 S7A;<>:B@
56==95<9:9;<!
!"!# $%&'()*)+, '+-.-*)+/-&++)( /'0 '+) 1&//) 2 3)/, T2

%9 5A@ <9@< P=B5B?9;< A :>@ 9; BF>?9;59 8A P9=E6=:A;59 ?7 @68F97= /6=$,
9; P=B@9;59 ?9 P6=6@>AO89! %9@ 5A@ <9@<@ S7> @7>F9;< ?6>F9;< P9=:9<<=9
?NBFA879= 89@ P9=E6=:A;59@ ?7 @68F97= P=6P6@B AF95 7; <9=:9 @67=59 8>B K 8A
P9;<9 ?7 E6;?! %9@ @PB5>T5A<>6;@ P=6P6@B9@ ?A;@ Z[2\ 6;< B8>@B9@ CF6>=
!" #$%&'()* +, )-./0(%(.
1.1 1.8
Reference 1.7
HLLC Reference
1.6
Poras HLLC
1.5 Poras
1.0
q (m²/s)
1.4
h (m)
1.3
1.2
0.9 1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8 0.8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
x (m) x (m)
2.0
1.9
1.8
Reference
HLLC
1.7
Poras
1.6
u (m/s)
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
x (m)
!"#$% +,1 2 -34567879: ;5<=>6 59=?=879@=49976 ?>9@ 59 AB:AB3=@@7879:

CT1,sub D, .465:=49@ ?7 ABEBA7937 7: @=856B7@ ><73 67@ @46<75A@ $00# 7: &4A%. F 79
G>5: H I>53G7J G>5:75A ?K7>5 F 79 G>5: H ?A4=:7J ?BL=: 59=:>=A7 F 79 L>@J <=:7@@7
?7 6KB34567879:,
1.0 4.0
0.9
Reference 3.5
0.8
HLLC
0.7 Poras 3.0 Reference
u (m/s)
0.6
h (m)
HLLC
0.5 2.5 Poras
0.4
2.0
0.3
0.2
1.5
0.1
0.0 1.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
x (m) x (m)
!"#$% +,M 2 -34567879: :A>9@3A=:=N57 59=?=879@=49976 ?>9@ 59 AB:AB3=@@7879:

CT1,trans D, .465:=49@ ?7 ABEBA7937 7: @=856B7@ ><73 67@ @46<75A@ $00# 7: &4A%. F
I>53G7J G>5:75A ?K7>5 F ?A4=:7J <=:7@@7 ?7 6KB34567879:,
!"! #$%&'$(&)* '+ ,)%#-+. /).$, "01
1.0 1.8
Reference
0.9 1.7 HLLC
0.8 1.6 Poras
0.7 1.5
q (m²/s)
0.6 1.4
h (m)
0.5 1.3
0.4 1.2
0.3 1.1
0.2 Reference 1.0
HLLC
0.1 0.9
Poras
0.0 0.8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
x (m) x (m)
4.0
3.5
Reference
3.0
HLLC
2.5 Poras
u (m/s)
2.0
1.5
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
1.0
0.5
0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
x (m)
!"#$% ! 2 .344567 89:;56<=>63 :5?4 6? ;@7;@A=443B3?7 C T1,jump D! ,E<67=E?4

:3 ;@F@;3?A3 37 4=B6<@34 5G3A <34 4E<G36;4 H%%I 37 /E;$, J 3? 8567 K L56A83M
856736; :N356 J 3? 8567 K :;E=73M :@O=7 6?=75=;3 J 3? O54M G=73443 :3 <N@AE6<3B3?7!
(5O<356P !Q 37 !RD!
%5 SL6;3 !T AEBU5;3 <5 856736; :N356 37 <3 :@O=7 6?=75=;3 A5<A6<@4 K U5;7=; :34
:36P 4E<G36;4 5G3A <5 4E<67=E? 43B=V5?5<97=>63 EO73?63 3? ;@4E<G5?7 <N@>657=E?
:3 <5 <=L?3 :N356 3? ;@L=B3 U3;B5?3?7 W
dh $ dzb
1 − X;2 = − C !YD

dx dx
%34 :36P 4E<G36;4 A5<A6<3?7 AE;;3A73B3?7 <5 AE73 :3 <5 46;F5A3 <=O;3 B5=4 <3 4E<G36;
H%%I =?7;E:6=7 6?3 G5;=57=E? =?5773?:63 :6 :@O=7 6?=75=;3! %5 BZB3 ;5=4E? >63
UE6; <3 A54 7347 U;@A@:3?7 U367 3PU<=>63; A3 U8@?EB[?3 CGE=; ,3A7=E? !"!"D! +?3
5?5<943 U<64 UE644@3 :3 A3A= U367 Z7;3 7;E6G@3 :5?4 \]Q^!
!"!# $%&'%() *) +,((,-)

/E6; @G5<63; <34 U3;FE;B5?A34 :6 4E<G36; /E;$, 3? ;@L=B3 ?E? U3;B5?3?7M
7;E=4 A54 73474 5G3A ;6U76;3 :3 O5;;5L3 E?7 @7@ ;@5<=4@4!
!"!#!" $%&'%() %*+,+-)*.+/**)00) 12)3 &/(/.+'4 21(+150) 6 T3 7

%3 U;3B=3; A54 7347 3? ;@L=B3 7;5?4=7E=;3 C T3 D AE?4=473 3? 6?3 ;6U76;3 :3
O5;;5L3 46; 6? FE?: U<57 5G3A 6?3 UE;E4=7@ G5;=5?7 <=?@5=;3B3?7 :3 0 K 1! %34
U5;5B[7;34 :3 <5 4=B6<57=E? 4E?7 ;3L;E6U@4 56 75O<356 !]! IEBB3 3PU<=>6@
! "#$%&'() *+ (,-./'$'-
1.004 1.0020
Reference
1.003 HLLC 1.0015
Poras Reference
Φ.q (m²/s)
Φ.q (m²/s)
1.002 1.0010 HLLC

Poras
1.001 1.0005
1.000 1.0000
0.999 0.9995
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
x (m) x (m)
1.005 1.005
Reference
Reference HLLC
HLLC Poras
Poras
Φ.q (m²/s)
Φ.q (m2/s)
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
1.000 1.000
0.995 0.995
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
x (m) x (m)
!"#$% *+0 1 ,234567689 48:;:768<:38865 ;=8< 48 >?9>?2:<<67689

@T1,(sub, sup, trans, jump) A+ B?C:9< ;6 >?D?>6826 69 <:745?< =E62 56< <35E64><
#//" 69 %3>$- F 68 G=49 H I=42G6J 2=< 96<9 93>>689:65 F 68 G=49 H ;>3:96J 2=<
96<9 K4E:=5 F 68 C=< H I=42G6J 2=< 96<9 9>=8<2>:9:L46 F 68 C=< H ;>3:96J 2=< 96<9
=E62 48 >6<<=49 GM;>=45:L46+
-M7C356 -:I8:N2=9:38 O=564>

g $22?5?>=9:38 I>=E:9=9:3886556 9, 81m s−2
h0 #=4964> ;6 5= C3<<6 0, 2m
L0 /38I464> ;6 5= C3<<6 4m
q B?C:9 48:9=:>6 :7P3<? H 5= 5:7:96 =7389 4, 42m2 s−1
zd "396 ;6 5= <4>D=26 5:C>6 :7P3<?6 H 5= 5:7:96 =E=5 2m
z0 "396 ;6 5= <4>D=26 5:C>6 H 5Q:8:9:=5:<=9:38 2m
∆x B:768<:38 ;6< 7=:556< ;6 2=5245 1m
&'()%'# *+R 1 %=>=7S9>6< P34> 5= <6238;6 I?37?9>:6 T ,234567689 K4E:=5 48:T

;:768<:38865 =4 ;6<<4< ;Q486 C3<<6 @ T2,sub A+
!"! #$%&'$(&)* '+ ,)%#-+. /).$, """
,012345 ,67869:;<638 #;45=>

g $::?4?>;<638 7>;@6<;<63885445 9, 81m s−2
h0 A;=<5=> B5 4; 23CC5 0, 2m
L0 %387=5=> B5 4; 23CC5 4m
q '?26< =86<;6>5 61D3C? E 4; 4616<5 ;138< 1, 53m2 s−1
z0 F3<5 B5 4; C=>G;:5 462>5 E 4H686<6;46C;<638 0, 1m
∆x '6158C638 B5C 1;6445C B5 :;4:=4 1m
!"#$!% !I J /;>;1K<>5C D3=> 4; C5:38B5 7?31?<>65 L M:3=45158< <>;8C:>6<6N=5

=86B6158C638854 ;= B5CC=C BH=85 23CC5 O T2,trans P!
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
3 4.44
Reference
HLLC
Poras
Profil du fond
4.43
2
q (m²/s)
z (m)
4.42
4.41 Reference
HLLC
Poras
0
4.40
5 10 15
5 10 15
x (m) x (m)
1.2 1.55
1.0 Reference
HLLC Reference
1.54
Poras HLLC
0.8 Profil du fond
Poras
q (m²/s)
z (m)
0.6 1.53
0.4
1.52
0.2
0.0 1.51
5 10 15 5 10 15
x (m) x (m)
!"#$% !" # $%&'()*)+, '+-.-*)+/-&++)( 0' .)//'/ .1'+) 2&//) 3 T2,(sub, trans) 4!
5&(',-&+/ .) 67876)+%) ), /-*'(7)/ 09)% ()/ /&(9)'6/ :;;< ), =&6>5 ? @0'%A)B
%&,) .) (0 /'680%) (-26) ? .6&-,)B .72-, '+-,0-6) ? A0',B %0/ ,)/, C'9-0( ? 20/B %0/
,)/, ,60+/%6-,-D')!
! "#$%&'() *+ (,-./'$'-
-012345 -67869:;<638 =;45>?

g $::@4@?;<638 7?;A6<;<63885445 9, 81m s−2
h0,L #;><5>? BC5;> 686<6;45 D 4C;138 2;??;75 10m
h0,R #;><5>? BC5;> 686<6;45 D 4C;A;4 B> 2;??;75 1m
L /387>5>? B> B31;685 100m
x0 /3:;46E;<638 B> 2;??;75 50m
∆x F6158E638 B5E 1;6445E B5 :;4:>4 1m
∂φ
G?;B658< B5 4; H3?3E6<@ 0, 01m−1
∂x
!"#$!% *+I J %;?;1K<?5E H3>? 4; ?>H<>?5 B5 2;??;75 ;A5: >85 H3?3E6<@ A;?6;245
L T3 M
B;8E N!OPQ :5<<5 ?>H<>?5 B5 2;??;75 ;A5: H3?3E6<@ A;?6;245 5E< @R>6A;458<5 D >85
?>H<>?5 B5 2;??;75 :6?:>4;6?5 E>? H3?3E6<@ >86S3?15+ /; T;><5>? BC5;> 5< 45 B@U
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
26< >86<;6?5 B5 ?@S@?58:5 :3??5EH38B58< D 4; E34><638 B5 4; ?>H<>?5 B5 2;??;75

:4;EE6R>5 :;4:>4@5 E>? >8 1;644;75 ;A5: B5E 1;6445E B5 B6158E638 ∆x = 10−4 m+
/; 97>?5 *+O :31H;?5 45E ?@E>4<;<E 32<58>E ;A5: 45E E34A5>?E #//" 5< %3?$-
;A5: 4; E34><638 B5 ?@S@?58:5+ %3>? 45E B5>V E34A5>?EQ 4; T;><5>? BC5;> 5< 45 B@U
26< >86<;6?5 E38< :3??5:<5158< 5E<61@E+ '3><5S36EQ 45 E34A5>? H?3H3E@ :;4:>45 >85
T;><5>? BC5;> 4@7K?5158< E>?5E<61@5 B;8E 45E B5>V :544>45E B5 H;?< 5< BC;><?5 B5
4; :544>45 :38<58;8< 4; B6E:38<68>6<@ 686<6;45 5< :3??5EH38B;8< ;> H368< :?6<6R>5+
"5E H6:E E38< H?32;245158E D >85 1;>A;6E5 5E<61;<638 B5E W>V ;> 86A5;>
B> H368< :?6<6R>5+ )8 5X5<Q 4; 1@<T3B343765 B5 :;4:>4 B;8E 45 :;E BC>8 @:3>45U
158< :?6<6R>5 ><646E5 45E 68A;?6;8<E B5 (651;88 :;4:>4@E D H;?<6? B> A5:<5>? B5E
A;?6;245E :38E5?A@5E U ;43?E R>5 H3>? 45E ;><?5E :;EQ 45E W>V E38< B6?5:<5158<
5VH?61@E D H;?<6? B> A5:<5>? W>V F LA36? -5:<638 I+!+IM+ .85 ;><?5 B6X@?58:5
;HH;?;Y< H3>? x = 0 m+ /; 46785 BC5;> 5E< 165>V 5E<61@5 ;A5: 45 E34A5>? #//"
;43?E R>5 45 H?394 B5 B@26< >86<;6?5 5E< 165>V 5E<61@ ;A5: 45 E34A5>? %3?$-+ %;?
;6445>?EQ 4C68EH5:<638 B5E A;45>?E 8>1@?6R>5E B5 T;><5>? BC5;> 5< B5 B@26< >86U
<;6?5 :;4:>4@5E ;> B?36 :T3: H5?15< BC@<;246? R>5 45E H?394E E38< H4>E ?;6B5E
;A5: 45 E34A5>? %3?$-+
!"!#!$ %&'(&)* &+,-,.*+/,0++*11* 23*4 &+* '0)0/,(5 -,/40+(,+&* 6 T4 7

/5 E5:38B :;E <5E< 58 ?@7615 <?;8E6<36?5 5E< >85 ?>H<>?5 B5 2;??;75 >86B6U
158E63885445 ;A5: >85 H3?3E6<@ B6E:38<68>5 43:;46E@5 D 4; 1Z15 ;2E:6EE5 R>5 4;
B6E:38<68>6<@ 686<6;45 B5 4; T;><5>? BC5;>+ /5E H;?;1K<?5E B5 4; E61>4;<638 E38<
?57?3>H@E ;> <;245;> *+*+ /; 1@<T3B343765 51H430@5 H3>? B@<5?1685? 4; E34><638
B5 ?@S@?58:5 5E< H?@E58<@5 B;8E N!OP+ /; 97>?5 *+[ :31H;?5 45E H?394E E61>4@E ;A5:
:5>V ;<<58B>E+
/5E B5>V E34A5>?E :;4:>458< :3??5:<5158< 45E H?394E B5 T;><5>? BC5;> 5< B5
B@26< >86<;6?5+ \@;81368EQ 64E 68<?3B>6E58< B5 4; B6X>E638 8>1@?6R>5 ;> 86A5;>
B5 4C38B5 B5 ?;?@S;:<638 5< 45 E34A5>? %3?$- 5E< B;8E :5 :;E 45 H4>E B6X>E6S+ $A5:
45 E34A5>? #//"Q 4; H3E6<638 B> :T3: 5E< 165>V 5E<61@5 ] H3>? t = 4 sQ 45 :T3:
!"! #$%&'$(&)* '+ ,)%#-+. /).$, ""0
12 25
Reference
10
HLLC 20
Poras
8
q (m²/s)
15
h (m)
10 Reference
4 HLLC
Poras
5
2
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
x (m) x (m)
!"#$% !1 2 .345367 87 9:66:;7 3<=8=>7<?=@<<7AA7 :B7C 4@6@?=5D B:6=:9A7 E T3 F!

,@A35=@<? 87 6DGD67<C7 75 ?=>3AD7? :B7C A7? ?@AB736? H%%I 75 /@6$, J K:3CL7M
L:35736 8N7:3 J '6@=57M 8D9=5 3<=5:=67!
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
,O>9@A7 ,=;<=PC:5=@< #:A736

g $CCDAD6:5=@< ;6:B=5:5=@<<7AA7 9, 81m s−2
h0,L H:35736 8N7:3 =<=5=:A7 Q AN:>@<5 83 9:66:;7 10m
φL /@6@?=5D Q AN:>@<5 83 9:66:;7 1
h0,R H:35736 8N7:3 =<=5=:A7 Q AN:B:A 83 9:66:;7 1m
φR /@6@?=5D Q AN:B:A 83 9:66:;7 0, 1
L %@<;3736 83 8@>:=<7 100m
x0 %@C:A=?:5=@< 83 9:66:;7 50m
∆x '=>7<?=@< 87? >:=AA7? 87 C:AC3A 1m
&'()%'# ! 2 /:6:>R567? 4@36 A: 6345367 87 9:66:;7 3<=8=>7<?=@<<7AA7 :B7C

3<7 4@6@?=5D 8=?C@<5=<37 E T4 F!
45
Reference
10 HLLC
Reference 40
HLLC Poras
35
8 Poras
30
q (m²/s)
h (m)
6 25
20
4
15
2 10
5
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
x (m) x (m)
!"#$% !S 2 .345367 87 9:66:;7 3<=8=>7<?=@<<7AA7 :B7C 4@6@?=5D 8=?C@<5=T

<37 ET4 F! ,@A35=@<? 87 6DGD67<C7 75 ?=>3AD7? :B7C A7? ?@AB736? H%%I 75 /@6$, J
K:3CL7M L:35736 8N7:3 J '6@=57M 8D9=5 3<=5:=67!
! "#$%&'() *+ (,-./'$'-
-012345 -67869:;<638 =;45>?

g $::@4@?;<638 7?;A6<;<63885445 9, 81m s−2
h0,L #;><5>? BC5;> 686<6;45 D 4C;138 2;??;75 10m
h0,R #;><5>? BC5;> 686<6;45 D 4C;A;4 B> 2;??;75 1m
L×l E6158F638F B> B31;685 200m × 200m
r0 (;038 B> 2;??;75 50m
∆x E6158F638 B5F 1;6445F B5 :;4:>4 1m
!"#$!% *+G H %;?;1I<?5F J3>? 4; ?>J<>?5 B5 2;??;75 26B6158F63885445 ;A5:

J3?3F6<@ A;?6;245 KT5 L+
B5A?;6< <M@3?6N>5158< F5 <?3>A5? D 4C;2F:6FF5 x = 94, 08 m O 4; J3F6<638 :;4:>4@5

;A5: 45 F34A5>? #//" 5F< B5 x = 95 m 5< x = 96 m J3>? 45 F34A5>? %3?$-+
/5F A;45>?F 8>1@?6N>5F 138<?58< @7;45158< N>5 45 :M3: ?5F<5 J4>F ?;6B5 ;A5: 45
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
F34A5>? %3?$-+
!"!#!# $%&'%() *+,+-)./+0..)11) 23)4 &0(0/+'5 32(+2*1) 6 T5 7

/5 <?36F6I15 :;F <5F< 58 ?@7615 <?;8F6<36?5 K T5 L 5F< >85 ?>J<>?5 B5 2;??;75
26B6158F638854 :6?:>4;6?5 ;A5: >85 J3?3F6<@ A;?6;245+ "3115 138<?@ B;8F PQRST
4; ?>J<>?5 B5 2;??;75 :6?:>4;6?5 ;A5: >85 J3?3F6<@ A;?6;8< J?3J3?<63885445158<
D 4C68A5?F5 B5 4; B6F<;8:5 ;> :58<?5 B> 2;??;75 D 4; 1U15 F34><638 ;8;40<6N>5
N>C>85 ?>J<>?5 B5 2;??;75 >86B6158F63885445 ;A5: >85 J3?3F6<@ :38F<;8<5+ /5F
J;?;1I<?5F B5 4; F61>4;<638F F38< ?57?3>J@F B;8F 45 <;245;> *+G+
/5F J?394F F61>4@F 5< B5 4; F34><638 ;8;40<6N>5 F38< :31J;?@F D 4; 97>?5 *+ V+
/5F B5>W F34A5>?F :;4:>458< :3??5:<5158< 4; 46785 BC5;> 5< 45 J?394 B5 B@26<
>86<;6?5+ X>54N>5F B6Y@?58:5F F38< <3><5Z36F 83<;245F F>6A;8< 4; B6?5:<638 B>
J?394+ "5F B6Y@?58:5F F38< F67869:;<6A5F >86N>5158< J3>? 45 F34A5>? J?3J3F@ [
;> 86A5;> B> J368< :?6<6N>5T 45 F34A5>? %3?$- F3>F\5F<615 4; M;><5>? BC5;> B;8F
45F B6?5:<638F Ox 5< Oy. ]@;81368FT 64 68<?3B>6< >85 B6Y>F638 8>1@?6N>5 J4>F
Z;6245 5< 4; M;><5>? BC5;> D 4C;138 :M3: 5F< 165>W 5F<61@5+
!"!# $%&'( '( )*+,(-.(+)( / T6 0

/C@<>B5 B5 4; :38A5?758:5 B5 4; F34><638 8>1@?6N>5 ; @<@ ?@;46F@5 D J;?<6?
B5 F61>4;<638F F>? B5F 1;6445F B5 J4>F 58 J4>F 985F 5< ;A5: >8 J;F B5 <51JF B5
:;4:>4 ?@B>6<+ /5 :;F <5F< :3??5FJ38B D >8 ?@7615 J5?1;858< B;8F >8 :;8;4 ;A5:
>85 J3?3F6<@ A;?6;245 5< >85 :3<5 B> Z38B A;?6;245+ /C@A34><638 B5 4; J3?3F6<@ 5<
B5 4; :3<5 B> Z38B 58 Z38:<638 B5 4C;2F:6FF5 5F< J?@F58<@5 D 4; 97>?5 *+ + .85
F34><638 F516\;8;40<6N>5 ; @<@ :;4:>4@5 58 B6F:?@<6F;8< 4C@N>;<638 B5 :38F5?A;<638
B5 4; N>;8<6<@ B5 13>A5158<+ )8 :31268;8< 45F @N>;<638F B5 :38<68>6<@ 5< B5
N>;8<6<@ B5 13>A5158<T 38 32<658< [
dh dφ dzb
φ 1 − ^?2 = h^?2 K*+_L
$
−φ
dx dx dx
!"! #$%&'$(&)* '+ ,)%#-+. /).$, ""
30
10
Reference
25
HLLC
8 Poras
20
q (m²/s)
h (m)
6
15
4 10
Reference
HLLC
2 5 Poras
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
r (m) r (m)
30
10
Reference
25
HLLC
8 Poras
20
q (m²/s)
h (m)
6
15
4
10
Reference
2 5 HLLC
Poras
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
r (m) r (m)
30
10 Reference
25
HLLC
8 Poras
20
q (m²/s)
h (m)
6
15
4 Reference
10
HLLC
Poras
2 5
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
r (m) r (m)
!"#$% !"0 1 .234256 76 89559:6 8;7;<6=>;?==6@@6 9A6B 3?5?>;4C A95;98@6 D T5 E!

,?@24;?=> 76 5CFC56=B6 64 >;<2@C6> 9A6B @6> >?@A625> G%%H 64 /?5$, I :92BJ6K
J924625 7L692 I 75?;46K 7C8;4 2=;49;56 I J924 I 5C>2@494> >;<2@C> >2;A9=4 @9 356<;M56
8;>>6B45;B6 I <;@;62K 5C>2@494> >;<2@C> >2;A9=4 @L9N6 Ox I 89>K 5C>2@494> >;<2@C>
>2;A9=4 @L9N6 Oy !
! "#$%&'() *+ (,-./'$'-
1.2 1.2
φam Zbav
1 1
0.8 0.8
φav
Cote du fond (m)

Porosité
0.6 0.6
Zbam
0.4 0.4
0.2 Profil de porosité 0.2

Profil du fond
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
x (m)
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!"#$% *+ 0 ,12345627 89 3: ;2<2=65> 95 89 3: ?259 84 @278 97 @27?5627 89

3A:B=?6==9 ;24< 3A>5489 89 3: ?2719<C97?9 D T6 E+
.7 <>C6F9 8A>?2439F975 G416:3 : >5> ?H26=6 I 3A>J4:5627 D*+KE 8265 827? L5<9 86=M
?<>56=>9 89 3A:1:3 19<= 3A:F275 N
1
hd O<2d (φu − φd ) − φd (zbu − zbd ) D*+PE

h u = hd + 2
φd 1 − O<d
$
%24< <>:36=9< 3A:7:3Q=9 89 ?2719<C97?9R 39 ;:= 89 59F;= 89 ?:3?43 95 39 ;:=

8A9=;:?9 =275 <>8465= ;<2;2<562779339F975+ /9 =?H>F: 74F><6J49 89 <>=2345627
89= >J4:5627= >5:75 9S;36?659R 3: ?27865627 89 =5:B6365> 89 "24<:75MO<698<6?H=M
/9TQ 8265 L5<9 1><6U>9 N
P
|λ| ∆t j Li,j
Cr = ≤1 D*+VE
Ai
/9 ;:= 89 59F;= 9=5 86<9?59F975 ?:3?43> ;:< 39 F28W39 89 F:76W<9 X 1><6U9< 3:
?275<:6759 89 =5:B6365> 89 "24<:75+ /9 ;:= 89 59F;= 9=5 ;:< ?27=>J4975 :452M
F:56J49F975 <>8465 ;<2;2<562779339F975 :4 ;:= 8A9=;:?9 D126< -9?5627 Y+ E+ /9=
;:<:FW5<9= 89= =6F43:5627= =275 <9C<24;>= :4 5:B39:4 *+K+ .7 ;<9F69< F:633:C9
C<2==69< D∆x = 1FE 9=5 45636=> ;24< ?:3?439< 3: =2345627 74F><6J49 :19? 39= 894S
=23194<= DT6,1 E+ /: ?2719<C97?9 9=5 1><6U>9 97 <>846=:75 ;:< 10 3: 86F97=627 89=
F:6339= 89 ?:3?43 ;24< 39 =9?278 59=5 89 ?2719<C97?9 D T6,2 E 95 ;:< 100 ;24< 39
5<26=6WF9 59=5 89 ?2719<C97?9 D T6,3 E+ /9= ;<2U3= 89= =2345627= 74F><6J49 95 :7:M
3Q56J49 =275 ?2F;:<>= =4< 39= UC4<9= *+ Z X *+ [+ %:< =24?6 89 ?3:<5>R =9439 479
F:6339 =4< 10 D<9=;9?5619F975 =4< 100E : >5> <9;<>=975>9 =4< 3: UC4<9 *+ Y D<9=M
;9?5619F975 *+ [E+ /9= 894S =23194<= ?:3?43975 ?2<<9?59F975 3: 36C79 8A9:4 95 39
;<2U3 89 8>B65 4765:6<9 ;24< 3A97=9FB39 89= ?:= 59=5=+ %24< 39 F:633:C9 C<2==69<R
3: ?259 89 3: =4<@:?9 36B<9 9=5 =4<9=56F>9 ;:< 39 =23194< %2<$- 95 =24=M9=56F>9
!"! #$%&'$(&)* '+ ,)%#-+. /).$, ""0
,123456 ,7897:;<=749 #<56>?

g $;;@5@?<=749 8?<A7=<=74996556 9, 81m s−2
φam /4?4B7=@ C 5D<249= E6 5< F496 E6 A<?7<=749 1
φav /4?4B7=@ C 5D<A<5 E6 5< F496 E6 A<?7<=749 0, 7
zbam G4=6 E> H49E C 5D<249= E6 5< F496 E6 A<?7<=749 0, 5m
zbav G4=6 E> H49E C 5D<A<5 E6 5< F496 E6 A<?7<=749 1, 0m
l0 %498>6>? E6 5< F496 E6 A<?7<=749 20m
X0 $3B;7BB6 E> E@3>= E6 5< A<?7<=749 10m
L '7269B749 E> E42<796 100m
'7269B749 E6B 2<7556B E6 ;<5;>5 I
∆x J K4>? 56 ;? 56 ;? 56 ;97=<7?6 72K4B@ C 5< 5727=6 <249= 1m2 s−1
zd L<>=6>? ED6<> 72K4B@6 C 5< 5727=6 <A<5 2m
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
zi L<>=6>? ED6<> 797=7<56 1m
!"#$!% !0 M /<?<2N=?6B K4>? 5D@=>E6 E6 ;49A6?869;6 O T6,1 P T6,2 6= T6,3 Q!
,45A6>? /4?$, ,45A6>? L%%G

T6,1 "! R B "! S B
T6,2 TT B TU B
T6,3 UVV B TSRR B
!"#$!% !W M '>?@6B E6 B72>5<=749 K4>? 5D<9<51B6 E6 ;49A6?869;6 O T6,(1, 2, 3) Q!
K<? 56 B45A6>? L%%G! %6B E6>X B45A6>?B B>?6B=7269= 5@8N?6269= 56 E@37= >97=<7?6
OA47? Y78>?6 !"SQ! %6 E@37= 6B= ;4??6;=6269= 6B=72@ K<? 56 B45A6>? /4?$, 6= B>?J
6B=72@ K<? 56 B45A6>? L%%G E<9B 5< F496 E6 K4?4B7=@ 6= E6 ;4=6 E> H49E A<?7<356B!
$A6; 5< ?@E>;=749 E> K=749B 9>2@?7Z>6B ;<5;>5@6B <A6; 56B
E6>X B45A6>?B B6 ?<KK?4;[69= E6 5< B45>=749 <9<51=7Z>6 OA47? (<356<> !UQ! %<
E7\@?69;6 69=?6 56 E@37= ;<5;>5@ K<? 56 B45A6>? L%%G 6= 5< B45>=749 E6 ?@H@?69;6
E7279>6 K?4K4?=74996556269= <> K5 K4>? B72>56?
1000 s 69 >=757B<9= 56B E6>X B45A6>?B 6B= K?@B69=@ E<9B 56 =<356<> !W! /4>? =4>=6B
56B B72>5<=749BP 56 B45A6>? /4?$, @;49427B6 4.5% E6 5< E>?@6 E6 ;<5;>5!
!"! #$% &'%& '()*+,-'.&$/ 0 T7 1

%D79=@?]= 6= 5< A<57E7=@ E6 5D<KK?4;[6 <A6; K4?4B7=@ K4>? 5< 24E@57B<=749 C
8?<9E6 @;[6556 E6B 7949E<=749B 69 K?@B69;6 E6 F496B >?3<97B@6B 49= @=@ E@249J
=?@6B ^SW_! $ 5< B6;=749 K?@;@E69=6P 5< A<57E7=@ E> B45A6>? /4?$, 6B= E@249=?@6
B>? E6B ;6B! $:9 E6 A@?7:6? 5< A<57E7=@ E> B45A6>? /4J
?$, K4>? >96 ;49:8>?<=749 ?@6556P 56B ?@B>5=<=B 7BB>B E6B E6>X B45A6>?B 49= @=@
;49H?49=@B C E6B 26B>?6B 6XK@?7269=<56B! %6B 6XK@?769;6B 49= @=@ ?@<57B@6B 69
! "#$%&'() *+ (,-./'$'-
2.09 1.5
2.08 Reference
2.07
HLLC 1.4
Poras
2.06
1.3
q (m²/s)
2.05
z (m)
Reference
2.04 1.2 HLLC
2.03 Poras
1.1
2.02
2.01
1.0
2.00
1.99 0.9
0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40
x (m) x (m)
1.007
Reference
1.006
HLLC
1.005 Poras
Φ.q (m²/s)
1.004
1.003
1.002
1.001
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
1.000
0.999
0 10 20 30 40
x (m)
!"#$% !"# $ %&'()'& *+, -',- ./0& 12+3+14,' 5' */36'&7'3*' 8 T6,1 9 : ∆x = 1 m!
;/10-)/3, 5' &<=<&'3*' '- ,)(01<', +6'* 1', ,/16'0&, >??@ '- %/&A; B '3 C+0- D
7+0*C'E */-' 5' 1+ ,0&=+*' 1)F&' B '3 C+0- D 5&/)-'E 5<F)- 03)-+)&' B '3 F+,E 5<F)-
-/-+1!
2.09 1.5
2.08 Reference
2.07
HLLC 1.4
Poras
2.06
1.3
2.05
q (m²/s)
z (m)
2.04 Reference
1.2
HLLC
2.03
Poras
2.02 1.1
2.01
1.0
2.00
1.99 0.9
0 10 20 x (m) 30 40 0 10 20 x (m) 30 40
1.0007
1.0006
1.0005
Φ.q (m²/s)
1.0004
1.0003
Reference
1.0002 HLLC
Poras
1.0001
1.0000
0.9999
0 10 20 30 40
x (m)
!"#$% !"G $ ;'*/35 *+, -',- ./0& 12+3+14,' 5' */36'&7'3*' 8 T6,2 9 : ∆x = 0, 1 m!
;/10-)/3, 5' &<=<&'3*' '- ,)(01<', +6'* 1', ,/16'0&, >??@ '- %/&A; B '3 C+0- D
7+0*C'E */-' 5' 1+ ,0&=+*' 1)F&' B '3 C+0- D 5&/)-'E 5<F)- 03)-+)&' B '3 F+,E 5<F)-
-/-+1!
!"! #$%&'$(&)* '+ ,)%#-+. /).$, ""0
2.09 1.5
2.08 Reference
2.07
HLLC 1.4
Poras
2.06
1.3
q (m²/s)
2.05
z (m)
2.04 Reference
1.2
HLLC
2.03
Poras
1.1
2.02
2.01
1.0
2.00
1.99 0.9
0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40
x (m) x (m)
1.00007
Reference
1.00006 HLLC
Poras
1.00005
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
1.00004
Φ.q (m²/s)
1.00003
1.00002
1.00001
1.00000
0.99999
0 10 20 30 40
x (m)
!"#$% !"1 2 (34565789 :;6 <96< =4>3 ?@;A;?B69 C9 :4AD93E9A:9 F T6,3 G H ∆x =

0, 01 m! ,4?><54A6 C9 3IJI39A:9 9< 658>?I96 ;D9: ?96 64?D9>36 K%%L 9< /43$, M 9A
N;>< O E;>:N9P :4<9 C9 ?; 6>3J;:9 ?5Q39 M 9A N;>< O C345<9P CIQ5< >A5<;539 M 9A Q;6P
CIQ5< <4<;?!
*4389 C9 ?@9339>3
∆x FmG N /43$, N K%%L R /43$, R K%%L
1 4, 86.10−4 3, 76.10−4 2, 43.10−10 3, 01.10−3
0, 1 4, 86.10−5 3, 94.10−5 2, 19.10−10 3, 10.10−4
0, 01 2, 18.10−6 6, 65.10−6 9, 73.10−6 4, 08.10−5
&'()%'# !0 2 -D4?><54A C9 ?; A4389 C9 ?@9339>3 6>3 ?; N;><9>3 C@9;> 9< ?9 CIQ5<

9A J4A:<54A C> =;6 C@96=;:9 F T6 G!
!" #$%&'()* +, )-./0(%(.
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!" #"
!"#$% +, + 1 #23 4534 67 (895 :T7 ;, :2; <75 6=5>35?@A5 67 ?86BA5 :*C7D6D3E
42>95 653 987F@53 65 >D<527 G 0, 01 m; H :@; 6D3I83D4D8> 653 38>653 65 IF8J8>657F
54 653 IF8KA3 A8>LD476D>27M,
74DAD32>4 7> ?86BA5 FN67D4 65 A2 IA2D>5 D42AD5>>5 67 (895 27 #*.' :'42AD5; I87F
A5 IF8O54 57F8IN5> 'P&%#( QR S, T53 @A893 92FFN3 8>4 N4N D?IA2>4N3 62>3 7>
92>2A 65 7m 65 A8>L 54 6=7>5 A2FL57F 65 3, 5 U 5m I87F F5IFN35>45F 7>5 V8>5
7F@2D>5, :<8DF WDL7F5 +, +;, 0=XY6F8LF2IX5 ?537FN 534 74DAD3N 98??5 98>6D4D8>
U A2 AD?D45 2?8>4, 02 9845 65 A2 37FJ295 AD@F5 92A97AN5 U t = 20 s 2<59 A53 657M
38A<57F3 534 98?I2FN5 2<59 A53 ?537F53 5MINFD?5>42A53 :<8DF WDL7F5 +, R;, 'A >=Y
2 I23 65 6DZNF5>95 3DL>DK924D<5 5>4F5 A53 IF8KA3 92A97AN3 2<59 A53 657M 38A<57F3,
&2F 2DAA57F3[ A53 X27457F3 6=527 92A97AN53 98FF53I8>65>4 27M ?537F53 5MINFD?5>E
42A53 H A53 5MIAD924D8>3 IFN35>4N53 62>3 Q!\S I87F A53 6DZNF5>953 8@35F<N53 F5345>4
<2AD653,
!" #$%&'()*+), '&-.(,&),

!"!# $%&'()*+),- ./ .)&*,&)+)0 %1*2()3%-+45
0=5>35?@A5 653 ?537F53 5MINFD?5>42A53 8>4 N4N FN2AD3N53 37F A5 92>2A 5MINE
FD?5>42A U J8>6 IA24 65 A=*].%P :<8DF WDL7F5 +, ^2;, /> ?867A5 U ?23C753
I5F?54 65 FNLA5F A5 6N@D4 4F2>3D42>4 62>3 A5 92>2A 54 7> 6N<5F38DF 5> @59 65
92>2F6 54 7> 342@DAD32457F I5F?5445>4 65 AD?D45F A53 47F@7A5>953 62>3 A5 92>2A
65 ?537F5 :<8DF WDL7F5 +, ^;, 05 ?867A5 U ?23C753 I5F?54 65 FNLA5F 7> 6N@D4
98?IFD3 5>4F5 5 l s−1 54 60 l s−1 4873 A53 5 l s−1 2<59 7>5 IFN9D3D8> 65 5%, % A=2<2A
67 92>2A 65 ?537F5[ 7> 6N<5F38DF I574 _4F5 D>342AAN 2K> 65 ?86DK5F A2 98>6D4D8>
$% &'()* +!,-(.!)* /0123-*03* 45673(.(8-* 4* 9(.,1*))-*3
!"! #$%&'(#)*#+ '&,-(+&#+ .".
7.67 z (m) 7.67 z (m)
7.65 7.65
7.63 7.63
7.61 7.61
7.59 7.59
HLLC HLLC
7.57 PorAS 7.57 PorAS
Experimental Experimental
7.55 7.55
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5
s (m)
s (m)
!" #"
!"#$% !./ 0 *123 43 56 789:6;3 5<=93 > t = 20s 78<?6@2 53 A91B5 . C6D 32 53
A91B5 " C=D A189 53 ;67 2372 48 E1;3 C T7 D!
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!" $%& '% (!)!* #" +,'%*& - .!/0%&/
(" 123&4/,54 &) #&( '& (!)!4' '" 67!#5*5/!7&%4
!"#$% !.F 0 %G121H96AG<37 437 4<7A17<2<:7 3IAJ9<K3@268I 43 5L#)+,M!

!! "#$%&'() *+ (,-./'$'-
0102+ /34 5673846984 5: ;0802 53 734:<3 498= 67 cm 53 20<>3 ?9:< 43 cm 53 @0:=

4:< :83 298>:3:< 5A3816<98 12 m+ $B8 53 ?9:196< 7956B3< 234 ;98B>:<0=6984
5AC;9:23738=D 534 E<6F:34 3= 534 ?0<?068>4 98= C=C 684=022C4 5084 23 ;0802 53
734:<3+
/34 <31G=3738=4 0H08= 534 <:>946=C4 56IC<38=34D :83 ?<376J<3 4C<63 5A3K?CL
<638;34 0 C=C <C0264C3 ?9:< ;023< 23 ;93M;638= 53 N<9==3738= 5084 23 ;0802 O 8:
3= 5084 23 ;0802 <3;9:13<= 53 ?0<?068>4 9: 53 E<6F:34+ /0 43;9853 4C<63 5A3KL
?C<638;3 <3?<C438=06= :8 C;9:23738= 5084 :8 ;0802 <3;=08>:206<3 53 5673846984
10<60E234 013; 5CE9<53738=+ )8 3I3=D 20 ?<376J<3 4C<63 53 734:<34 ?3:= G=<3
0446762C3 P5: ?968= 53 1:3 53 20 795C2640=698Q O :8 ;0802 <3;=08>:206<3 4084 5CL
E9<53738=+ /9<4 53 20 =<9646J73 4C<63 5A3K?C<638;34D 534 468:946=C4 53 N<CF:38;3
3= 5A07?26=:53 10<60E234 98= C=C :=6264C34+ )8B8D :83 53<86J<3 4C<63 5A3K?C<638;34
4A34= 68=C<344C3 0:K C;9:23738=4 =<08413<40:K 0B8 53 102653< F:026=0=613738= 234
@H?9=@J434 <C0264C34 4:< 20 4=<:;=:<3 53 2AC;9:23738= =<08413<402 P196< -3;=698
R+!Q+
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
,=08= 5988C34 234 S:;=:0=6984 53 20 ;9=3 53 20 4:<N0;3 26E<3D 234 1023:<4 @0:=3
3= E0443 98= C=C 734:<C34+ )8 ;@0F:3 ?968=D 20 79H3883 534 53:K 1023:<4 734:L
<C34 ;9<<34?985 O 20 1023:< <3=38:3 3= 2AC;0<= 38=<3 234 53:K 734:<34 N9:<86= 20
?<C;64698 ?9:< ;@0F:3 734:<3+
%0< 49:;6 53 ;20<=CD 234 3K?C<638;34 3= 234 795C2640=6984 98= C=C 8977C34 53
7086J<3 4H4=C70=6F:3+ /34 3K?C<638;34 498= ?0< 3K37?23 8977C34 T !UV;7UW*5 X
9Y T ! X ;9<<34?985 0: 8:7C<9 53 20 4C<63 5A3K?C<638;3D T V;7 X N06= <CNC<38;3
O 20 ;98B>:<0=698 5: ;0802 5AC;9:23738=D T W* X 6856F:3 :8 5CE6= 53 5 l s−1 3=
T 5 X 6856F:3 20 ?<C438;3 5A:8 5C13<496< O 2A0102 5: ;0802 53 734:<3+ /34 79L
5C2640=6984 <3?<38838= 23 897 53 2A3K?C<638;3 F:A32234 498= ;384C34 <3?<95:6<3
38 0Z9:=08= T U![ X 9: T U ![ X ?9:< 6856F:3< 23 ;953 53 ;02;:2 37?29HC
P-\![ 9: -\ ![Q 3= C138=:3223738= 38 0Z9:=08= :83 23==<3 N06408= <CNC<38;3
0: 706220>3 ?9:< 234 467:20=6984 ?9:< 234F:32234 ?2:463:<4 98= C=C =34=C4+
!"!" #$%&' ( ) *+,+-' ./ 01'20&'34 .' %/-15&4$

$B8 53 ;023< 23 ;93M;638= 53 <:>946=C ?9:< 234 56IC<38=4 70=C<60:K :=6264C4D :8
231C 53 26>83 5A30: 0 C=C <C0264C ?9:< 56IC<38=4 5CE6=4+ %9:< 234 734:<34 53 26>83
5A30: 4:< 234 ?0<?068>4 3= 534 E<6F:34D 234 70=C<60:K 98= C=C 564?94C4 53 7086J<3
O =0?6443< :8 =<98]98 5: ;0802 53 734:<3 4:< 23 N985 3= 234 ?0<964+ -:< 20 E043
534 ?<9B24 38 298>D 23 ;93M;638= 53 -=<6;^23< 34= ;02C+ %0< 20 4:6=3D 2AC;9:23738=
34= C>023738= 795C264C ?9:< C102:3< 20 ;0?0;6=C 5: 29>6;632 O <3?<95:6<3 20 26>83
5A30: 9E43<1C3 O ?0<=6< 5: ;93M;638= 53 <:>946=C 9E=38:+
!"!"!# $%&'()*+,-%& . $+&+/ 0 &) 1 23)4

%9:< 20 ;98B>:<0=698 T "0802 O 8: XD R 3K?C<638;34 98= C=C <C0264C34 ?9:< 534
5CE6=4 53 15 l s−1 D 40 l s−1 3= 60 l s−1 + /34 734:<34 53 @0:=3:<4 5A30: O 56IC<38=34
0E4;64434 498= ?<C438=C34 5084 23 =0E230: *+ _ ` 234 734:<34 E<:=34 498= ?<C438=C34
O 5084 23 =0E230: $+ 38 0883K3 $+ %9:< ;@0F:3 5CE6=D 234 1023:<4 3K?C<6738=0234
!"! #$%&'(#)*#+ '&,-(+&#+ ."/
Q = 15 l s−1 Q = 40 l s−1 Q = 60 l s−1

,0123114 567 8 567 98 567 8 567 98 567 8 567 98 567
:;:: :;: < :;::/ :;.:: :;:: :;."/ :;::=
.;>/ :;: ? :;::" :;.:" :;::@ :;."/ :;::=
@; @ :;: @ :;::/ :;:?: :;:: :;..: :;::
=;=? :;:@= :;::/ :;:<" :;::@ :;:? :;::
!"#$!% !.: A B41CD41 94 8ECF4CD 9G4EC HICD JE 2IKLMCDEF3IK N *EKEJ O KC P!
94 8ECF4CD 9G4EC IKF QFQ 2IKRDIKFQ41 O JE J3MK4 9G4EC F8QID3SC4 5TI3D U3MCD4
!.<7! *4FF4 94DK3VD4 41F 2EJ2CJQ4 4K 2I603KEKF J41 QSCEF3IK1 94 2IK14DTEF3IK 94
JE 6E114 4F 94 JE SCEKF3FQ 94 6ICT464KF 4K DQM364 H4D6EK4KF W
dh S0 − Sf
= 5 !.:7
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
dx 1 − Fr2
IX S0 = 0 2ED J4 2EKEJ 41F O RIK9 HJEF 4F IX Sf 41F 9QLK3 HED W
V2
Sf = 4/3
5 !..7
K 2 Rh
5 !.:7 41F 9312DQF31Q4 O JGE394 9GCK 128Q6E 9G#CJ4D 4YHJ323F4 4F DQ1IJC4 94 HDI284
4K HDI284 O HEDF3D 94 JE 8ECF4CD 9G4EC 641CDQ4 O JGETEJ! ZCDEKF 241 4YHQD34K241;
J4 DQM364 9GQ2ICJ464KF QFE3F 4K 4[4F \CT3EJ! (J EHHEDE]F SC4 HICD CK 2I4^234KF 94
+FD32_J4D K = 90 m /3 s−1 J41 J3MK41 9G4EC F8QID3SC41 HE114KF HED JE SCE13 FIFEJ3FQ
1
941 HI3KF1 94 641CD41 ECY 0I3F41 9G4DD4CD1 HDV1! %ICD J4 9Q03F Q = 60 l s−1 ; JE
2ICD04 K4 2IDD41HIK9 HE1 HICD CK4 TEJ4CD 5HICD x = 4, 54 m7! (J 41F DEHH4JQ SC4
J4 6I9CJ4 O 6E1SC4 SC3 DVMJ4 J4 9Q03F 9EK1 J4 2EKEJ 41F HDQ231 O 5% HDV1! -41
J3MK41 9G4EC F8QID3SC41 HICD J41 9Q03F1 63KIDQ1 4F 6EÌDQ1 1IKF HDQ14KFQ41 HED J41
LMCD41 ,!.E 4F ,!.0 4K EKK4Y4 ,! %ICD J4 2I4^234KF 94 +FD32_J4D K = 90 m /3 s−1 ;
1
JE J3MK4 9G4EC F8QID3SC4 HICD J4 9Q03F 63KIDQ HE114 HED JG4K1460J4 941 HI3KF1
94 641CD41 ECY 0I3F41 9G4DD4CD1 HDV1! -E TEJ4CD 94 JE DCMI13FQ HICD J4 2EKEJ
O KC K = 90 m /3 s−1 14DE 9IK2 2IK14DTQ4 HICD JG4K1460J4 941 2EJ2CJ1 4F 941
1
6I9QJ31EF3IK1 SC3 1C3T4KF!
!"!"!" #$%&'()*+,$% - .*)/*,%'0 1 2.)3

-41 HEDHE3KM1 CF3J31Q1 HICD FEH3114D J4 2EKEJ 51CD J4 RIK9 4F J41 0ID917 IKF HICD
9364K13IK 50 cm×20 cm×5 cm 5TI3D U3MCD4 !.?7! -41 HEDHE3KM1 KGQFEKF HE1 2EDa
DQ1 9EK1 JE 93D42F3IK 8ID3bIKFEJ4; J4 KI60D4 9G3KF4D142F3IK1 4KFD4 94CY HEDHE3KM1
HED CK3FQ 94 JIKMC4CD 9QH4K9 94 JE 6EK3VD4 9IKF 241 94DK34D1 1IKF 3K1FEJJQ1!
*41 3KF4D142F3IK1 H4CT4KF cFD4 O JGID3M3K4 94 FCD0CJ4K241 SC3 ECM64KF4KF JE DCa
MI13FQ EHHED4KF4 941 HEDHE3KM1! -41 2IKLMCDEF3IK1 CF3J31Q41 9EK1 JE 1C3F4 941
4YHQD34K241 H4CT4KF KQ24113F4D 3K93[QD4664KF 941 HEDHE3KM1 ID34KFQ1 4K JIKM IC
4K JEDM4! -4 2I4^234KF 94 DCMI13FQ E 9IK2 QFQ 2EJQ HICD J41 94CY 2IKLMCDEF3IK1!
!" #$%&'()* +, )-./0(%(.
0.13
0.11
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.09
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.07
0.05
0.03
-0.1 0.9 1.9 2.9 3.9 4.9 5.9 6.9 7.9
Abscisse (m)
Mesure pour Q=15 l.s-1 ±5% Théorique Q=15 l.s-1 Critique - Q=15 l.s-1
!"#$% +, 1 2 #345676893: ;<9 =8>:<9 ;?<6@ ABC378D@<9 6E<F =<9 E6=<@79 <G5C78H
4<:A6=<9 53@7 =< F6=6>< ;@ F3<IF8<:A ;< .A78FJ=<7 53@7 =6 F3:K>@76A83: L #6:6=
M :@ N,
0<9 4<9@7<9 ;< B6@A<@7 ;?<6@ 7C6=89C<9 ;6:9 =<9 F6:6@G <: 567568:>9 93:A
9O:ABCA89C<9 ;6:9 =< A6P=<6@ +, Q =<9 4<9@7<9 P7@A<9 93:A 7<>73@5C<9 ;6:9 =<
A6P=<6@ %,! <: 6::<G< %, 06 4CAB3;3=3>8< ;< F6=F@= ;<9 =8>:<9 ;?<6@ ABC378D@<9
57C9<:AC< M =6 9<FA83: +,!,!, <9A F3:9<7EC<, '= 655676RA A3@A<S389 D@< 53@7 F<7H
A68:<9 4<9@7<9T =< 7C>84< ;?CF3@=<4<:A CA68A A377<:A8<=, &3@7 =<9 =8>:<9 ;?<6@
ABC378D@<9 <: 7C>84< A377<:A8<=T U+, VW <9A ;89F7CA89C< <A 7C93=@< ;< =?643:A E<79
=?6E6= M 567A87 ;< =6 E6=<@7 4<9@7C< <: 7C>84< A377<:A8<= <A =6 5=@9 <: 643:A
53998P=<, 06 F3:S73:A6A83: ;<9 =8>:<9 ;?<6@ ABC378D@<9 6E<F =<9 4<9@7<9 <G5C78H
4<:A6=<9 <9A 57C9<:AC< M =6 K>@7< +,!V <A <: K>@7<9 %,! <A %,X <: 6::<G< %, &3@7
=<9 4<9@7<9 <G5C784<:A6=<9 UA6:A <: F3:K>@76A83: Y<: =3:>Z D@?<: F3:K>@76A83:
Y<: =67><ZWT 8= 9<4P=< D@?8= O 68A 53@7 F<7A68:<9 4<9@7<9 @: ;CF6=6>< 9O9AC46A8D@<
UM =?6P9F899< x = 1, 20 m 53@7 =6 F3:K>@76A83: Y<: =3:>Z <A M =?6P9F899< x = 0, 50 m
53@7 =6 F3:K>@76A83: Y<: =67><ZW, *: <[<AT F<9 4<9@7<9 93:A :<AA<4<:A 9@7C=<EC<9
567 765537A 6@ 7<9A< ;< =6 =8>:< ;?<6@ <A =<9 <77<@79 ;< 4<9@7< :< 5<74<AA<:A M
!"! #$%&'(#)*#+ '&,-(+&#+ ."
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!"#$% !./ 0 1234532627 894:;2<8=6>? 45@; ?> A5=BC@;>625= D %>;4>2=C3 E!
4;25;2 4>3 F8 G@362B8; A86 :A>;6! *83 8;;8@;3 48@H8=6 I>@ <52=3 8= 4>;628J K6;8
894?2L@:83 4>; ?8 7>26 L@8 ?8 75=F F@ A>=>? =M:6>26 4>3 ;2C5@;8@38<8=6 4?>6 F@
7>26 F8 ?> 75;<8 F83 :?:<8=63 >N>=6 38;H23 O 3> A5=36;@A625=!
(? 836 =:>=<52=3 45332P?8 F8 A>?8; @= A58QA28=6 F8 +6;2AR?8; 45@; ?83 F8@9
A5=BC@;>625=3 8= 7>23>=6 >P36;>A625= F8 A83 H>?8@;3 S K = 55 m /3 s−1 45@; ?>
1
A5=BC@;>625= T8= ?>;C8U 86 K = 75 m s 45@; ?> A5=BC@;>625= T8= ?5=CU!

1/3 −1
!"!"!# $%&'()*+,-%& . /*-0)12 3 4/*5

*5<<8 45@; ?> A5=BC@;>625= 4;:A:F8=68V ?8 A>=>? F8 <83@;8 > :6: 6>4233:
F8 P;2L@83 F8 F2<8=325=3 22 cm × 11 cm × 5 cm! -83 <83@;83 F8 W>@68@;3 FM8>@
35=6 4;:38=6:83 F>=3 ?8 6>P?8>@ !." 86 F>=3 ?8 6>P?8>@ ,!X 8= >==898 ,! ->
<:6W5F5?5C28 F8 A>?>C8 F@ A58QA28=6 F8 +6;2AR?8; F:A;268 4;:A:F8<<8=6 > :6:
@62?23:8 45@; F83 F:P263 F8 15 l s−1 86 40 l s−1 45@; ?> A5=BC@;>625= T8= ?>;C8U 86
F8 15 l s−1 86 30 l s−1 45@; ?> A5=BC@;>625= T8= ?5=CU!
-> A5<4>;>235= F83 ?2C=83 FM8>@ 6W:5;2L@83 >H8A ?83 <83@;83 894:;2<8=6>?83
35=6 4;:38=6:83 O ?> BC@;8 !". 86 8= BC@;83 ,!Y 86 ,! 8= >==898 ,! -83 A5Z
8QA28=63 F8 +6;2AR?8; 5=6 :6: A>?:3 O K = 40 m /3 s−1 45@; ?> A5=BC@;>625= T8=
1
?>;C8U 86 O K = 49 m s 45@; ?> A5=BC@;>625= T8= ?5=CU! %5@; A83 H>?8@;3V

1/3 −1
?83 ?2C=83 FM8>@ 6W:5;2L@83 35=6 ;>235==>P?8<8=6 8= >F:L@>625= >H8A ?83 <83@;83
;:>?23:83! [= 5P38;H8 65@687523 @= F:A>?>C8 3N36:<>62L@8 8=6;8 ?83 ?2C=83 FM8>@
A>?A@?:83 86 <83@;:83 45@; ?8 F:P26 ?8 4?@3 7>2P?8 86 ?83 <83@;83 ?83 4?@3 O ?M>H>?!
*8 F:A>?>C8 48@6 K6;8 894?2L@: 4>; ?83 5=F@?>625=3 F8 ?> 3@;7>A8 ?2P;8 5P38;H:83
?5;3 F83 <83@;83 IH52; \2C@;8 !""J! *83 5=F@?>625=3 48@H8=6 K6;8 F@83 >@9 2=Z
68;362A83 8=6;8 ?83 P;2L@83 L@2 H28==8=6 48;6@;P8; 4:;25F2L@8<8=6 ?> 36;@A6@;8 F8
?M:A5@?8<8=6!
!" #$%&'()* +, )-./0(%(.
Théorique Q=15l s-1

Critique - Q=15l s-1
Mesure pour Q=15 l.s-1 ±5%
0.12
0.10
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.08
0.06
0.04
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.02
-0.1 0.4 0.9 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.9 3.4
Abscisse (m)
!" #$%&'()!*+$% ,-% .!)'-/
Théorique Q=15 l.s-1

0.13 Critique - Q=15 l.s-1
0.11 Théorique Q=45 l.s-1
Critique - Q=45 l.s-1
0.10
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
-0.1 0.4 0.9 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.9
Abscisse (m)
0" #$%&'()!*+$% ,-% .$%'/
!"#$% +,!1 2 #345676893: ;<9 =8>:<9 ;?<6@ ABC378D@<9 6E<F =<9 E6=<@79 <G5C78H
4<:A6=<9 53@7 =< F6=6>< ;@ F3<IF8<:A ;< .A78FJ=<7 53@7 =6 F3:K>@76A83: L &67H
568:>9 M,
!"! #$%&'(#)*#+ '&,-(+&#+ ."/
Théorique Q=15l/s
0.10
Théorique Q=30l/s
0.09
Critique - Q=15l/s
Critique - Q=30l/s
0.08
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.03
-0.1 0.4 0.9 1.4 1.9
Abscisse (m)
!" #$%&'()!*+$% ,-% .!)'-/
0.10 Théorique Q=15 l.s-1

Critique - Q=15 l.s-1
0.08
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
-0.1 0.4 0.9 1.4 1.9
Abscisse (m)
0" #$%&'()!*+$% ,-% .$%'/
!"#$% !". 0 *1234546718 9:7 ;6<8:7 9=:4> ?@A156B>:7 4C:D ;:7 C4;:>57 :EF
3A562:8?4;:7 31>5 ;: D4;4<: 9> D1:GD6:8? 9: +?56DH;:5 31>5 ;4 D18I<>54?618
J K56B>:7 L!
!" #$%&'()* +, )-./0(%(.
Q = 15 l s−1 Q = 40 l s−1
%1234225 678 9 678 :9 678 9 678 :9 678
;<;; ;<;=; ;<;;! ;< + ;<;;!
;<=; ;<;>= ;<;;! ;< ; ;<;;!
<!; ;<;>" ;<;;! ;< ? ;<;;@
<=; ;<;> ;<;;! ;< ;> ;<;;@
!<!; ;<;>@ ;<;;= ;< ;; ;<;;!
!<=; ;<;A? ;<;; ;<;?! ;<;;!
@<!; ;<;A ;<;;! ;<;=? ;<;;!
@<A+ ;<;!? ;<;;! ;<;>@ ;<;;!
!" #$%&'()!*+$% ,-% .!)'-/
Q = 15 l s−1 Q = 30 l s−1 Q = 45 l s−1

%1234225 678 9 678 :9 678 9 678 :9 678 9 678 :9 678
;<;; ;<;+= ;<;;A ;<;" ;<;;+ ;< ; ;<;;A
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
;<+; ;<;>+ ;<;;! ;<;"= ;<;;@ ;< !; ;<;;@

<;; ;<;+? ;<;;@ ;<;" ;<;;@ ;< ;<;;@
<+; ;<;++ ;<;; ;<;=A ;<;;@ ;< ;+ ;<;;@
!<;; ;<;A> ;<;;! ;<;>A ;<;;! ;<;? ;<;;@
!<+; ;<;A@ ;<;;! ;<;>! ;<;;@ ;<;?A ;<;;@
!<"" ;<;@+ ;<;;! ;<;+ ;<;;! ;<;"; ;<;;!
0" #$%&'()!*+$% , -% .$%'/
!"#$!% +, B C52DE52 :5 9FDG5DE :H5FD IJDE KF 3JLMNDEFG4JL O &FEIF4LN2 P,
!"!"!# $%&'()*+,)%-
052 3JLMNDEFG4JL2 5QIRE475LGFK52 JLG RGR DG4K42R52 3J775 1F25 IJDE ERFK425E
:52 7J:RK42FG4JL2 FS53 .T!U 5G .T !U, 0HJ1V53G4W :5 352 7J:RK42FG4JL2 RGF4G :5
SFK4:5E XD5 K52 3J5Y345LG2 :5 EDNJ24GR 3FKR2 2DE K52 ER2DKGFG2 5QIRE475LGFDQ I5EZ
75GGF45LG FDQ 3J:52 :5 3FK3DK :5 E5IEJ:D4E5 K52 752DE52 J125ESR52, 052 7F4KKFN52
DG4K42R2 IJDE K52 7J:RK42FG4JL2 FS53 K52 :5DQ 3J:52 :5 3FK3DK 2JLG IER25LGR2 IFE
K52 MNDE52 %,>< %,? 5G %, 5L FLL5Q5 %, &JDE KH5L2571K5 :52 7J:RK42FG4JL2<
K52 247DKFG4JL2 3JL24:[E5LG DL4XD575LG KF \JL5 J] 2JLG 4L2GFKKR2 K52 :42IJ24G4W2
5QIRE475LGFDQ, 052 SFE4FG4JL2 :5 KF 3JG5 :D WJL: 5L O 39F7I 7FV5DE P ^ KHF7JLG
5G ^ KHFSFK :52 3JLMNDEFG4JL2 L5 2JLG :JL3 IF2 E5IER25LGR2,
052 7J:RK42FG4JL2 JLG RGR ERFK42R52 DL4XD575LG IJDE K5 :R14G G9RJE4XD575LG
47IJ2R :FL2 K5 3FLFK 62FL2 G5L4E 3J7IG5 :52 5% :H47IER3424JL :D 7J:DK5 ^
7F2XD528, 05 :R14G 4LV53GR 52G DG4K42R 3J775 3JL:4G4JL ^ KF K474G5 F7JLG, &JDE
KF 7J:RK42FG4JL !U K5 :R14G DL4GF4E5 52G 3JL2GFLG GJDG K5 KJLN :5 KF 253G4JL _ K5
7`75 :R14G DL4GF4E5 52G 4LV53GR :FL2 K5 K4G 74L5DE 5G :FL2 K5 39F7I 7FV5DE, %
KHFSFK< DL5 3JL:4G4JL ^ KF K474G5 5L 3JG5 52G 47IJ2R5,
052 K4NL52 :H5FD 7J:RK42R52 IJDE Q = 40 l s−1 2JLG IER25LGR52 ^ KF MNDE5
+,!@, &JDE K52 :R14G2 Q = 15 l s−1 5G Q = 60 l s−1 < K52 3JDE152 2JLG GEF3R52
!"! #$%&'(#)*#+ '&,-(+&#+ ."/
Q = 15 l s−1 Q = 30 l s−1
,0123114 567 8 567 98 567 8 567 98 567
:;:: :;:< :;::. :;:/. :;::"
:;"" :;:<< :;::" :;:/= :;::"
:;>> :;:<> :;::. :;:/= :;::"
:;<< :;:<" :;::. :;:/: :;::.
:;?? :;:<: :;::. :;:?@ :;::"
.;.: :;: = :;::. :;:?: :;::"
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
.;=" :;: . :;::" :;:@? :;::"

.; > :;:>. :;::. :;:<? :;::"
.;@< :;:>= :;::" :;:<. :;::"
.;/? :;:>" :;::. :;:<> :;::=
";": :;:=: :;::. :;:>/ :;::.
!" #$%&'()!*+$% ,-% .!)'-/
Q = 15 l s−1 Q = 30 l s−1
,0123114 567 8 567 98 567 8 567 98 567
:;:: :;:<= :;::. :;:/> :;::"
:;"" :;:< :;::. :;:/= :;::=
:;>> :;:<> :;::. :;:/" :;::
:;<< :;:<: :;::. :;:?? :;::"
:;?? :;: < :;::. :;:?/ :;::=
.;.: :;: : :;::. :;:@/ :;::?
.;=" :;: . :;::. :;:@/ :;::=
.; > :;:>@ :;::. :;:@@ :;::"
.;@< :;:> :;::. :;:<? :;::"
.;/? :;:>> :;::. :;:< :;::"
";": :;:=/ :;::. :;:<@ :;::"
0" #$%&'()!*+$% , -% .$%'/
!"#$!% !." A B41CD41 94 8ECF4CD 9G4EC HICD JE 2IKLMCDEF3IK N OD3PC41 Q!

!" #$%&'()* +, )-./0(%(.
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!"#$% +,11 2 3456789:;4< 5= 78 <6>?8@= 7:A>= ;A<=>BC=< 7;>< 5=< D=<6>=< E;6>
78 @;4FG6>89:;4 H I>:J6=< K,
0.110
Hauteur d'eau modélisée avec SW2D
0.105
Hauteur d'eau mesurée pour Q=40 l s-1 ±5%
0.100
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.095
0.090
0.085
0.080
0.075
0.070
-0.1 0.9 1.9 2.9 3.9 4.9 5.9 6.9 7.9
Abscisse (m)
!"#$% +,1! 2 0:G4=< 5L=86 D;5C7:<C=< =9 M869=6>< 5L=86 D=<6>C=< E;6> 7L=NECO
>:=4@= PQ6PRS"5,
!"! #$%&'(#)*#+ '&,-(+&#+ ./.
!" #$%&' ()* '+ "++',' () -'. /"%0'%&. 12'"% 3415!6.5'. 7"& 89:;< .4+0
.'+.6=!'3'+0 7!%. 6374&0"+0'. >%' ?'!!'. .63%!5'. 7"& 89;<) @'00' 16A5&'+?'
.2',7!6>%' 7"& !" B4&3%!"064+ 1'. 7'&0'. 1' ?/"&$'.) C+ 'A'0D 74%& !' ?41' =6E
163'+.64++'!D !' &"F4+ /F1&"%!6>%' G6+0'&H'+"+0 1"+. !25>%"064+ 1' I"++6+$E
80&6?J!'&K '.0 ?4+.615&5 5$"! !" /"%0'%& 12'"% L Rh ≈ h) C+ &'H"+?/' 74%& !'
?41' ?4%7!5D !2',7&'..64+ ?437!M0' 1% &"F4+ /F1&"%!6>%' '.0 %06!6.5' GH46& 7"E
&"$&"7/' N)O):K) P4%& H"!61'& ?'00' ',7!6?"064+D %+' 3415!6."064+ " 505 &5"!6.5'
"H'? !' ?41' 89:;< 3416#5 1' 3"+6M&' &5"!6.'& !" 3Q3' "77&4,63"064+ >%' !'
?41' 89;<) -'. !6$+'. 12'"% "6+.6 4=0'+%'. .4+0 "!4&. ?4+B4+1%'. GH46& R6$%&'
()S '+ "++',' (K)
-4&. 1'. ',75&6'+?'. 1"+. !' ?"+"! '+ 7"&7"6+$. '0 1"+. !' ?"+"! '+ =&6>%'.D
!" 7"&06' "H"! 1' !25?4%!'3'+0 50"60 '+ &5$63' 04&&'+06'!) P4%& !'. 1'%, !4$6?6'!.D
4%0&' !'. ?4+16064+. "%, !6360'. '+ 15=60 +%! .%& !'. =4&1. 1% ?"+"!D 6! ?4+H6'+0
1' #,'& !'. ?4+16064+. "%, !6360'. "34+0 '0 "H"!) 86 !24+ 6374.' %+' ?4+16064+
!" !6360' "H"! 74%& %+ 5?4%!'3'+0 04&&'+06'!D !'. 1'%, ?41'. 6$+4&'+0 !" ?4+16E
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
064+ #,5' 7"& !2%06!6."0'%& 1"+. !" 3'.%&' 4T '!!' +26+U%'+?' 7". !25?4%!'3'+0)
-" &5.4!%064+ 1% .F.0M3' 125>%"064+. 3'0 "!4&. '+ V'% %+ +43=&' 6+.%W."+0
125>%"064+. 74%& !' +43=&' 1' H"&6"=!'. ?4+.615&5'.) X+ 5?"&0 '+0&' !'. H"!'%&.
.63%!5'. '0 !'. 3'.%&'. 4=.'&H5'. '.0 "!4&. 4=.'&H5) -" 3415!6."064+ 1' !" Y4+'
4T !25?4%!'3'+0 '.0 U%H6"! '.0 '+ &'H"+?/' ?4/5&'+0' "H'? !'. 3'.%&'. &5"!6.5'.
GH46& R6$%&'. ():Z '0 ():; '+ "++',' (K) -'. 5?"&0. 4=.'&H5. 1"+. !' ?". 1' !"
3415!6."064+ 1' !2'+.'3=!' 1' !" !6$+' 12'"% .4+0 14+? 7&4="=!'3'+0 ',7!6?"=!'.
7"& !' B"60 >%' !'. ?41'. 1' ?"!?%! +' 7'%H'+0 ?4&&'?0'3'+0 0&"60'& %+' ?4+16064+
!" !6360' "H"! 6374.5' '+ &5$63' 04&&'+06'!)
@433' 74%& !'. 3415!6."064+. 1'. 5?4%!'3'+0. 1"+. !' ?"+"! +%D !'. /"%E
0'%&. 12'"% .63%!5'. G74%& !' ?"+"! '+ 7"&7"6+$. '0 74%& !' ?"+"! '+ =&6>%'.K &'.E
0'+0 6+B5&6'%&'. "%, H"!'%&. ',75&63'+0"!'. '0 89:;< 7&41%60 1'. !6$+'. 12'"%
7!%. 5!'H5'. >%' 89;< G'+ &"6.4+ 1' !" 16A5&'+?' 12"77&4,63"064+ B"60' .%& !'
?"!?%! 1% &"F4+ /F1&"%!6>%'K) [5"+346+.D "H'? !'. ?4'W?6'+0. 1' 80&6?J!'& ?"!5.
0/54&6>%'3'+0D !'. !6$+'. 12'"% 3415!6.5'. 15?&6H'+0 "% 36'%, !'. 3'.%&'. 1'
/"%0'%& 12'"% GH46& R6$%&' \);O '0 R6$%&'. ():Z '0 ():; '+ "++',' (K)
]! "77"&"^0 5$"!'3'+0 >%' !'. !6$+'. 12'"% 7&41%60'. 7"& !'. 1'%, !4$6?6'!.
?4_+?61'+0 G"%, 5?"&0. !65. !2"77&4,63"064+ 1% &"F4+ /F1&"%!6>%' 7&M.K) -'.
0'37. 1' .63%!"064+ .4+0 &'$&4%75. 1"+. !' 0"=!'"% \):O) -' ?41' ?4%7!5 89:;<
&'7&5.'+0' +5?'.."6&'3'+0 %+' 3"6!!' :< 6+?!%.' 1"+. %+' 3"6!!' ;< ` !' !60 36E
+'%& '.0 14+? &'7&5.'+05 "6+.6 >%' .'. &6H'.) C+ &'H"+?/'D 7%6.>%26! +2F " 7". 1'
15=4&1'3'+0D !" 3415!6."064+ =6163'+.64++'!!' 7'%0 Q0&' &5"!6.5' .'%!'3'+0 .%&
!' !60 36+'%& '+ 6374."+0 %+ 15=60 +%! !' !4+$ 1'. &6H'.) -'. 3415!6."064+. a O
3"6!!'. b &5"!6.5'. 74%& !' ?"+"! +% ?4&&'.74+1'+0 %+' 3415!6."064+ =6163'+E
.64++'!!' 1' !25?4%!'3'+0 '+ 6+?!%"+0 %+' 3"6!!' 74%& ?/">%' ='&$' GH46& R6$%&'
()c= '+ "++',' (K) -' 341M!' B"60 14+? 0&46. 3"6!!'. 1' !"&$'D ?'!!' 1% 36!6'%
&'7&5.'+0"+0 !' !60 36+'%& '0 50"+0 .'%!' !' .6M$' 1' !25?4%!'3'+0) @'. 3415!6E
."064+. 4+0 505 &5"!6.5'. 74%& 74%H46& ?437"&'& !'. 0'37. 1' .63%!"064+ 74%&
1'. 3415!6."064+. ?4%7!5'. '0 =6163'+.64++'!!'. &'7&5.'+0"+0 !2'+.'3=!' 1% !60
!" #$%&'()* +, )-./0(%(.
12345 65 );<8=
7892:;<8=> ?7@
*AB4385>C5 .D"1 .D "1 tSW 2D/tSW 12D
EF2EG + H"+ +!I ,!

EF2EGJK KKL H!L ,J
EF2EGLK "M MHM ,!
EF2EG +E!9;8::57 MML +!I !,+
EF2EGJKE!9;8::57 MKM H!L ",+
EF2EGLKE!9;8::57 "M"H MHM !,"
E&3EG + MK +H ,J
E&3EGJK " HM ,J
EN3EG + +J JK ,J
EN3EG!K +J !M ,J
!"#$!% +, ! O 12345 65 :; 7892:;<8=> B=23 :57 C=>PQ23;<8=>7 R #;>;: S >2 TU

tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
R &;3B;8>Q7 5> :;3Q5 T 5< R N38V257 5> :;3Q5 T,
)5WX<595>< Kthéo ?m1/3 s−1 @ Kmod ?m1/3 s−1 @

% >2 IK IK
&;3B;8>Q 5> :=>Q H+
&;3B;8>Q 5> :;3Q5 ++ ++
N38V25 5> :=>Q JI
N38V25 5> :;3Q5 JK JK
!"#$!% +, J O #=5YC85>< 65 32Q=78<4 B=23 CZ;V25 <[B5 65 35WX<595><,
98>523 5< 62 CZ;9B 6\5AB;>78=> 65 C325,

&=23 :\5>759]:5 657 7892:;<8=>7U 8: ;BB;3;^< V25 :5 C=65 .D "1 57< B:27
3;B865 B=23 657 3472:<;<7 B3475><;>< :; 9X95 B34C878=>, 05 Q;8> 65 <59B7 W;385
5><35 :57 7892:;<8=>7 65 ];75 ?Q;8> 65 <59B7 65 1, 3 S 1, 4@ 5< C5::57 R ! 9;8::57 T
?Q;8> 65 <59B7 65 3, 5@ 9;87 W;385 <3_7 B52 ;W5C :5 64]8<,
05 C=65 C=2B:4 .D "1 B5395< 6=>C 2>5 35B3475><;<8=> C=335C<5 657 4C=2:5`
95><7 5> :8< 98>523 7;>7 64]=36595>< 5< C5 65 9;>8_35 B:27 3;B865 V25 B=23 :5
C=65 ]86895>78=>>5: 65 34a435>C5,
!"!"! #$%&'(%)* +% ,-.$/(*0

057 C=5YC85><7 65 32Q=78<4 C;:47 <Z4=38V2595>< B5395<<5>< ;2A C=657 65
C;:C2: 65 C=335C<595>< 35B3=62835 :57 9572357 34;:87457, #57 C=5YC85><7 7=><
7[><Z4<8747 6;>7 :5 <;]:5;2 +, J, 057 <3=87 C=>PQ23;<8=>7 9=64:87457 ;[;>< 9=><34
V25 :5 C=5YC85>< 65 32Q=78<4 C;:4 <Z4=38V2595>< 4<;8< 6835C<595>< 2<8:87;]:5
B=23 :57 9=64:87;<8=>7U :57 C=>PQ23;<8=>7 R 5> :=>Q T >\=>< B;7 4<4 9=64:87457,
#=995 B35775><8U :57 b=8><7 5><35 :57 ]38V257 5><35 652A 4:495><7 62 C;>;: C345><
657 <23]2:5>C57 V28 8>c25>< 723 :; 32Q=78<4 62 C;>;:, *> 5d5=9]35
!"! #$%&'(#)*#+ '&,-(+&#+ .//
01234567895 :86 ;324< 05 =>3?;5;6 5@4 2A:>64834 54 :=;@ =5 9>5B92534 05 +4629C=56

5@4 782D=5E 4680;2@834 ;35 8;?A534842>3 05 =8 6;?>@24< 0; 9838=! %86 82==5;6@E D253
F;5 =5@ D62F;5@ @5AD=534 :=;@ =2@@5@ F;5 =5@ :86:823?@E 0; 7824 05 =5;6@ 02A53@2>3@
:=;@ 6<0;245@E =5 3>AD65 05 G>234@ :86 ;324< 05 =>3?;5;6 5@4 :=;@ 2A:>64834E @5
4680;2@834 :86 ;35 6;?>@24< :=;@ ?68305!
%>;6 =5@ 9>3H?;6842>3@ 782@834 23456I5326 :=;@25;6@ 4J:5@ 05 65IK45A534 0;
7>30E ;3 9>5B92534 05 +4629C=56 <F;2I8=534 5@4 98=9;=< L :86426 05 =8 7>6A;=842>3
01#23@4523 M/NO P
 P 2/3
χi
 i
Q !."R

Keq =   P χi 

3/2
i Ki
-5 :<62AS465 A>;2==< 782@834 23456I5326 =8 T8;45;6 0158;E =5 9>5B92534 05 +4629CU
=56 <F;2I8=534 I8625 53 7>3942>3 05 =18D@92@@5! %>;6 4>;45@ =5@ 9>3H?;6842>3@E =8
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
7>6A;=842>3 Q !."R 8 :56A2@ 05 0<456A2356 =5 9>5B92534 05 +4629C=56 <F;2I8=534

:>;6 =5@ T8;45;6@ 0158; A232A8=5 54 A8V2A8=5 A5@;6<5@! -8 02W<65395 53465 =5@
I8=5;6@ 0<456A23<5@ :>;6 95@ 05;V T8;45;6@ 0158; <4834 46S@ 782D=5E =8 A>J5335
05@ T8;45;6@ A5@;6<5@ :>;6 9T8F;5 9>3H?;6842>3 8 <4< ;42=2@<5 :>;6 98=9;=56 =5
9>5B92534 05 +4629C=56 <F;2I8=534!
!"!# $%&'( " ) *+,+- &(./+,01-+'&( +2(. 3%45&3(6(,/

%>;6 <I8=;56 =8 98:8924< 05 +X."Y L A>0<=2@56 ;3 <9>;=5A534 0<D>60834E
;35 @<625 015V:<625395@ :6<@534834 ;3 =24 A235;6 D>60< :86 05;V :=8235@ 0123>3U
0842>3 083@ =5@F;5==5@ 4683@24534 ;35 :86425 0; 0<D24 8 <4< 6<8=2@<5 QI>26 Z2?;65
!"[R! +;6 ;35 =>3?;5;6 05 4 mE ;3 =24 A235;6 659483?;=8265 8 <4< 8A<38?<! -5@
=86?5;6@ 0; =24 A235;6 @>34 7 cmE 17 cm 54 28 cm :>;6 05@ :6>7>305;6@ 65@:59U
42I5@ 05 10 cmE 10 cm 54 5 cm! %>;6 9T8F;5 9>3H?;6842>3E 02W<6534@ 0<D24@ >34
<4< 23G594<@ 53 8A>34 \ <I534;5==5A534 8I59 ;3 0<I56@>26 L =18I8= :>;6 ?8683426
;3 0<D>605A534 @;6 =153@5AD=5 0; =23<8265 0; =24 A235;6! -5@ T8;45;6@ 0158; >34
<4< A5@;6<5@ 53 02W<6534@ :>234@ 0; =23<8265! %86 82==5;6@E 05@ A5@;65@ 05 I245@@5
>34 <?8=5A534 <4< 6<8=2@<5@ :>;6 =5@ 9>3H?;6842>3 0<D>608345@!
*5@ A5@;65@ >34 <4< 6<8=2@<5@ @>24 8I59 ;3 4;D5 05 %24>4 Q:>;6 05@ T8;45;6@
0158; 782D=5@RE @>24 :86 A5@;65 8; ]>445;6! Y; 7824 05 =8 02B9;=4< :>;6 :>@242>3U
356 9>665945A534 =5 4;D5 05 %24>4 083@ =18V5 05 =1<9>;=5A534E 95@ A5@;65@ @>34
65=842I5A534 2A:6<92@5@! %86 82==5;6@E :>;6 =5@ A5@;65@ 8; ]>445;6E 2= <4824 65=8U
42I5A534 02B92=5 05 0<459456 9>665945A534 =5 :8@@8?5 0; ]>445;6 L ;35 8D@92@@5
0>33<5 54 05 65=5I56 =5 45A:@ 9>665@:>30834! -5@ A5@;65@ 05 I245@@5@ @>34 0>39
7>645A534 53489T<5@ 015665;6@ 02B92=5A534 F;8342H8D=5@!
%>;6 9T8F;5 9>3H?;6842>3E =8 9>A:8682@>3 05@ A>0<=2@842>3@ 8I59 =5@ =>?2U
925=@ +X."Y 54 +X"Y 5@4 6<8=2@<5! -5@ A>0<=2@842>3@ 9>A:86<5@ @>34 D8@<5@ @;6
=5@ A82==8?5@ :6<@534<@ 53 H?;65@ ^!.E ^!" 54 ^!/ 53 8335V5 ^! *5445 @<625 015VU
:<625395@ 0>24 :56A54465 05 I<62H56 F;5 =5 6842> 05@ I245@@5@ 083@ =5 =24 A235;6
!" #$%&'()* +, )-./0(%(.
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!" #$%&'()!*+$% , -+* .+%/() 7 cm 0 1" #$%&'()!*+$% , -+* .+%/() 17 cm 0
2" #$%&'()!*+$% , -+* .+%/() 28 cm 0
!"#$% +,1" 2 #3456789:;34< 7:;=;<>?< @378 =9 <>8;? A 8?B:;=;64? C,

!"! #$%&'(#)*#+ '&,-(+&#+ ./
#012345675 8294: *;6<4:4;6 =>=? K @m1/3 s−1 A

"BC7DBE 5 l s−1 %=F <5 <2>53F;43 GH
"BC7DBE < 5 l s−1 82>53F;43 357:=6IJ?=435 @ h = 10 cmA GH
"BC7DBE.K< 10 l s−1 82>53F;43 357:=6IJ?=435 @ h = 10 cmA GH
"BC7DBE"K< 20 l s−1 82>53F;43 357:=6IJ?=435 @ h = 10 cmA GC
"BC7DBEGK 40 l s−1 %=F <5 <2>53F;43 GC
!"#$!% !. L #012345675F 32=?4F25F 1;J3 ?= 7;6MIJ3=:4;6 N 7 cm O!
1=3 3=11;3: =J0 >4:5FF5F 56 ?4: D=P5J3 7;335F1;6< Q 75?J4 ;9F53>2 156<=6: ?5F
5012345675F!
!"!#!$ %&'()*+,-.&' /0.- 1.'2*+ 7 cm3 45617

tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
%;J3 75::5 7;6MIJ3=:4;6R J65 5012345675 F=6F 7;6:3S?5 =>=? = 2:2 32=?4F25 =M6
<T2>=?J53 ?= 7=1=74:2 <J D;<U?5 Q 35FFJV53 ?5F 5=J0 <29;3<25F 1J4FWJ5 ?5F <29;3X
<5D56:F 2:=456: ?;7=?4F2F J64WJ5D56: FJ3 ?5F <5J0 135D453F DU:35F <J :3;6Y;6!
-5F <4Z2356:5F 5012345675F 32=?4F25F F;6: 35I3;J125F <=6F ?5 :=9?5=J !. !
-5F D5FJ35F <5 [=J:5J3F <T5=J 1;J3 ?T56F5D9?5 <5F 7;6MIJ3=:4;6F F;6: 132X
F56:25F Q ?T=66505 \!.! -5F 7;D1=3=4F;6F <5F ?4I65F <T5=J D;<2?4F25F =>57 ?5F
D5FJ35F 501234D56:=?5F 1;J3 ?5F 5012345675F "BC7DBE 5: "BC7DBE"K< F;6:
132F56:25F Q ?= MIJ35 !" @5: Q ?= MIJ35 \!G 56 =66505 \ 1;J3 ?5F =J:35F 50X
12345675FA! %;J3 ?T5012345675 F=6F <29;3<5D56: "BC7DBE R ?5F ?4I65F <T5=J
D;<2?4F25F 65 7;335F1;6<56: 1=F =J0 D5FJ35F 32=?4F25F! #6 5Z5:R ?= :J39J?5675
5F: ?= 7=JF5 1346741=?5 <5 ?= 153:5 <5 7[=3I5 ;9F53>25 <=6F ?= 1=3:45 32:32745 <5
?T27;J?5D56:! -5F ?;I4745?F <5 7=?7J? 65 1356=6: 1=F 56 7;D1:5 75 1[26;DU65R 4?
5F: ?;I4WJ5 WJ5 ?T;6 65 3513;<J4F5 1=F ?= 156:5 <5 ?= ?4I65 <T5=J ;9F53>25!
%;J3 ?5F 5012345675F <29;3<=6:5F @"BC7DBE <R "BC7DBE.K<R "BC7DBE"K<
5: "BC7DBEGKAR ?5F ?4I65F <T5=J F4DJ?25F F;6: 35?=:4>5D56: F4D4?=435F 1;J3 ?5F
<5J0 ?;I4745?F 5: 7;335F1;6<56: =J0 D5FJ35F 32=?4F25F @=J0 4D13274F4;6F 13UFA!
8=6F :;JF ?5F 7=FR ;6 35:3;J>5 WJ5 ?= 7;:5 <5 ?= FJ3]=75 ?4935 D;<2?4F25 =>57
+^"8 5F: 1?JF 9=FF5 WJ5 75??5 13;<J4:5 1=3 +^."8! -T=113;04D=:4;6 FJ3 ?5
3=V;6 [V<3=J?4WJ5 15J: _:35 46734D4625! %=3 =4??5J3FR ?T=9=4FF5D56: <5 ?= ?4I65
<T5=J D;<2?4F25 1=3 +^"8 FJ3 ?5F 50 135D453F 756:4DU:35F 5F: ?42 Q ?= 7;6<4:4;6
Q ?= ?4D4:5 =D;6:! #6 5Z5:R ?5 <294: J64:=435 Q ?= 7;6<4:4;6 ?4D4:5 =D;6: 5F:
FJ11;F2 J64];3D5 FJ3 :;J:5 ?= F57:4;6! -= [=J:5J3 <T5=J 2:=6: 1?JF 4D1;3:=6:5
<=6F ?5 ?4: D465J3R 75?= F5 :3=<J4: 1=3 J65 >4:5FF5 <T27;J?5D56: 1?JF ]=49?5 <=6F
?5 ?4: D465J3 WJ5 <=6F ?5 ?4: D=P5J3!
%;J3 ?5F 7;6MIJ3=:4;6F "BC7DBE < 5: "BC7DBE.K<R ?5F ?4I65F <T5=J D;X
<2?4F25F 65 7;335F1;6<56: 1=F =J0 D5FJ35F 32=?4F25F! -5F `J7:J=:4;6F <5 ?= FJ3X
]=75 ?4935 ;9F53>25F <J3=6: ?5F 5012345675F 15J>56: _:35 46734D4625F @>;43 a4IJ35
!"G=A! #6 5Z5:R 75F ;6<J?=:4;6F <5 1?JF45J3F 756:4DU:35F <T=D1?4:J<5 F;6: ?425F
=J0 4332IJ?=34:2F <J 7=6=? <5 D5FJ35 WJ5 ?5F 7;<5F <5 7=?7J? 65 1356656: 1=F 56
7;D1:5!
!" #$%&'()* +, )-./0(%(.
0.16
0.14
Cote de la surface libre (m)
0.12
0.10
0.08
Cote de la surface libre mesurée (m)

0.06
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
Cote de la surface libre modélisée avec SW2D

0.04
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00
Abscisse (m)
!" #$%&'()*+) ,-.+/-01
0.175
0.170
0.165
0.160

0.155
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Abscisse (m)
2" #$%&'()*+) ,-.+/-0,34
!"#$% +,1+ 2 #345676893: ;<9 =8>:<9 ;?<6@ 43;A=89A<9 @76B83: F 08B 48:<@7 7 cm G,
!"! #$%&'(#)*#+ '&,-(+&#+ ./0
1.4 Vmin/Vmaj - Mes

Vmin/Vmaj - SW2D
1.3 Vmin/Vmaj - SW12D
1.2
Ratio Vlit mineur / Vlit majeur
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Q (l/s)
!"#$% !"1 2 '3456 789 :5489989 8; <54 =5;8>? 3>@ :5489989 8; <54 =3A8>? B6>?
<3 C6;DE>?3456; F -54 =5;8>? 7 cm G!
%6>? H:3<>8? <3 C3B3C54H 789 C6789 I ?8B?67>5?8 <3 :548998 78 <JHC6><8=8;4 73;9
<8 <54 =5;8>? 84 73;9 <8 <54 =3A8>?K <8 ?3456 789 :5489989 8; <54 =5;8>? 3>@ :5489989
8; <54 =3A8>? 599>9 789 =89>?89 3 H4H C6=B3?H I C8<>5 599> 78 <3 =67H<593456;
L:65? M5E>?8 !"1N! &43;4 76;;H89 <89 5=B?HC5956;9 9>? <89 =89>?89 78 :548998K
<89 ?34569 =67H<59H9 96;4 8; 37HO>3456; 3:8C C8>@ 6P98?:H9! (< 3BB3?3Q4 46>48R659
O>8 <3 :548998 78 <JHC6><8=8;4 8; <54 =5;8>? =67H<59H8 3:8C +S."T 894 46>A6>?9
9>BH?58>?8 I C8<<8 8; <54 =3A8>? L<8 ?3456 ?8948 9>BH?58>? I .N! -3 U3>48>? 7J83>
H43;4 ;HC89935?8=8;4 B<>9 5=B6?43;48 8; <54 =5;8>?K <8 48?=8 78 R?6448=8;4 V 894
=65;9 5=B6?43;4 L<3 U3>48>? 5;48?:8;3;4 3> 7H;6=5;348>? 78 LW!0XNN! *8 ?3456
48;7 :8?9 . O>3;7 <8 7HP54 3>E=8;48 73;9 <3 =89>?8 6Y <3 75ZH?8;C8 78 U3>48>?
7J83> 8;4?8 <8 <54 =5;8>? 84 <8 <54 =3A8>? 894 ?8<345:8=8;4 =65;9 5=B6?43;48 B6>?
<89 R6?489 U3>48>?9 7J83> LC6??89B6;73;4 I >; 7HP54 5=B6?43;4N! #; ?8:3;CU8K
+S"T C3<C><8 789 :5489989 8; <54 =5;8>? B<>9 R35P<89 O>J8; <54 =3A8>?K 3:8C >;
?3456 O>5 48;7 :8?9 0, 85 B6>? 789 7HP549 5=B6?43;49!
%6>? 789 7HP549 5=B6?43;49 L84 76;C B6>? 78 R6?489 U3>48>?9 7J83>NK <J8Z84 78
<3 B?H98;C8 7> <54 =5;8>? 9>? <3 :548998 789 HC6><8=8;49 894 75=5;>H ;643==8;4
O>3;7 <3 ?>E6954H 7> <54 =5;8>? 894 98;95P<8=8;4 <3 =[=8 O>8 B6>? <8 <54 =3A8>?!
(< 98=P<8 76;C O>8 <8 C6=B6?48=8;4 78 +S."T 9654 B<>9 C6UH?8;4 B>59O>8 <8 ?3456
48;7 :8?9 . B6>? <89 7HP549 R6?49! \6>48R659K <8 C6=B6?48=8;4 F 5;C6UH?8;4 G 78
+S"T B8>4 [4?8 8@B<5O>H B3? <3 =3;5]?8 76;4 894 5=B69H8 <3 C6;75456; I <3 <5=548
3=6;4 L7HP54 >;5435?8 >;5R6?=8 9>? <3 98C456;N!
-89 :5489989 =67H<59H89 84 =89>?H89 96;4 B?H98;4H89 73;9 <8 43P<83> ^!" 84
!" #$%&'()* +, )-./0(%(.
#12345678912 :;<98 #12=98912 7>7? K @m1/3 s−1 A

BC DEFCGB+= 25 l s−1 :;>H6I196 6HE87245?796H @ h = 5 cmA +B
BC DEFCG!J= 30 l s−1 :;>H6I196 6HE87245?796H @ h = 5 cmA +
!"#$!% +, K L *MN;69H2EHI 6;7?9I;HI N156 ?7 E12345678912 O 098 F92H56 17 cm P,
Q ?7 3456H R,+ H2 722HMH R, 0HI >98HIIHI F1=;?9I;HI I128 N?5I S79<?HI T5H EH??HI
FHI56;HIU H8 EH N156 ?VH2IHF<?H =HI =;<98I 8728 H2 ?98 F92H56 T5VH2 ?98 F7WH56 H8
N156 ?HI =H5M E1=HI =H E7?E5?, 0HI =9X;6H2EHI 1<IH6>;HI NH5>H28 Y86H HMN?9T5;HI
N76 ?H S798 T5H ?HI E1=HI =H E7?E5? S15629IIH28 ?7 >98HIIH F1ZH22;H I56 ?7 >H689[
E7?H =H ?V;E15?HFH28 7?16I T5H ?HI >7?H56I FHI56;HI I128 =HI >98HIIHI =H I56S7EH
@N59IT5H FHI56;HI 75 \188H56A, 0HI >98HIIHI HMN;69FH287?HI 128 ;8; 6HE7?E5?;HI,
0H =;<98 8187? 8672I98728 =72I ?H E727? H8 ?V]ZN18]ÎH T5H ?H 67891 =HI >98HIIHI
F1ZH22HI I56 E]7T5H IHE8912 =V;E15?HFH28 HI8 ;47? 75 67891 =HI >98HIIHI FHI5[
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
6;HI @H2 I56S7EHA H2 ?98 F92H56 N76 67NN168 75M >98HIIHI H2 ?98 F7WH56 NH6FH88H28
=V;87<?96 ?H IZI8^FH I59>728 _

 Q = V1D,recalc S1D + V2D,recalc S2D
V1D,recalc V1D,mes
=
V2D,recalc V2D,mes

1` Q HI8 ?H =;<98 8187?U Sk ?7 IHE8912 =H ?V;E15?HFH28 k 7>HE k = {1D ou 2D} a

Vk,mes 6HN6;IH28H ?7 >98HIIH FHI56;H H2 I56S7EH =H ?V;E15?HFH28 k H8 Vk,recalc
?7 >98HIIH F1ZH22H I56 ?7 IHE8912 =V;E15?HFH28, 07 6;I1?58912 =H EH IZI8^FH
NH6FH8 =H 6HE7?E5?H6 ?7 >98HIIH F1ZH22H @ V1D,recalc H8 V2D,recalc A N156 E]7T5H
;E15?HFH28, 0HI >98HIIHI F1=;?9I;HI I128 7?16I H2 7=;T578912 7>HE ?HI >98HIIHI
F1ZH22HI HMN;69FH287?HI @>196 b9456H R,+ H2 722HMH RA,
!"!#!" $%&'()*+,-%& . /-, 0-&1)* 17 cm 2 345607

0HI HMN;69H2EHI I56 ?H ?98 F92H56 =H DEF =H ?764H 128 ;8; 6;7?9I;HI 7>HE 52
=;>H6I196 H2 N7619 F92EH =H +EF E1FFH E1286c?H 7>7? H8 N156 =HI =;<98I =H
25 l s−1 H8 30 l s−1 , &76 79??H56IU ?H ?98 F92H56 2V;8798 N7I EH286; N76 67NN168 75
E727? =H FHI56H =5 S798 =HI =9FH2I912I =HI <69T5HI H8 N76N7924I, 0H ?98 F7WH56
H2 69>H 475E]H ;8798 H2 HXH8 F192I ?764H T5H ?H ?98 F7WH56 H2 69>H =6198H, 0HI
=9X;6H28HI HMN;69H2EHI 6;7?9I;HI I128 6H4615N;HI =72I ?H 87<?H75 +, K,
&156 ?HI F1=;?9I78912IU ?H =;<98 =VH286;H =5 F1=^?H E166HIN12=798 75 =;<98
HMN;69FH287? F7W16; =H +d @E166HIN12=728 Q ?7 F764H =VH66H56 =5 F1=5?H Q
F7IT5HIA, *2 HXH8U 52H N6HF9^6H I;69H =H F1=;?9I78912 7 ;8; 6;7?9I;H N156 ?H
=;<98 HMN;69FH287? F79I ?HI ?942HI =VH75 ;879H28 IZI8;F789T5HFH28 861N <7IIHI
N76 67NN168 75M ]758H56I =VH75 FHI56;HI,
0HI FHI56HI =H ]758H56I =VH75 I128 6H4615N;HI =72I ?H 87<?H75 R,! H2 72[
2HMH R, 07 E1FN7679I12 =HI ?942HI =VH75 F1=;?9I;HI 7>HE ?HI ]758H56I =VH75
FHI56;HI HI8 N6;IH28;H Q ?7 3456H +,BD N156 ?VHMN;69H2EH BC DEFCGB+= @H8 Q
?7 3456H R,K H2 722HMH R N156 ?VHMN;69H2EH BC DEFCG!J=A, '? 7NN767e8 T5H ?HI
!"! #$%&'(#)*#+ '&,-(+&#+ ./0
0.165
0.160
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.155
0.150
0.145
0.140
0.135 Cote de la surface libre mesurée (m)

Cote de la surface libre modélisée avec SW2D en lit majeur
0.130 Cote de la surface libre modélisée avec SW2D en lit mineur
0.125
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Abscisse (m)
!"#$% !"1 2 -34567 896:; <=8>?37>67 6@ A:;@6;B7 896:; <67;B>67 C=;B ?96DC>E
B365F6 "G.1F<GH" 8!
-9:I:3776<65@ 86 ?: ?3456 896:; <=8>?37>6 C:B +J"K 7;B ?67 50 CB6<36B7 F65@3E
<L@B67 67@ ?3> M ?: F=583@3=5 M ?: ?3<3@6 :<=5@!
!" #$%&'()* +, )-./0(%(.
123456 7859: ;<7=126=56 >56?54? 65462@15;54? A1:6 @96656 B:5 156 ;56:>56 5CA=>2D
;54?9156 >=9126=56E F51156 A><7:2?56 A9> .G HI =?94? ?<:?5J<26 A1:6 A><FK56 756
L915:>6 5CA=>2;54?9156 B:5 F51156 A><7:2?56 A9> .GHI, &9> 92115:>6E 156 F<?56 75
19 6:>J9F5 12@>5 ;<7=126=56 A9> .GHI 45 6<4? A96 156 ;M;56 A<:> :45 9@6F2665
7<44=5 6:2L94? B:5 18<4 F<4627N>5 19 F<?5 54 12? ;245:> <: 54 12? ;9O5:>, #56 72JD
J=>54F56 6<4? 9FF>:56 P A><C2;2?= 756 5C?>=;2?=6 7: F9491 ;<7=126= Q ?>97:2694?
15 J92? B:5 156 F<472?2<46 12;2?56 9;<4? 5? 9L91 ;<72R54? 19 >=A9>?2?2<4 756 7=@2?6
54?>5 15 12? ;245:> 5? 15 12? ;9O5:>, #<;A?5 ?54: 756 2;A>=F262<46 6:> 15 F<5SD
F254? 75 >:3<62?=E 156 123456 7859: ;<7=126=56 >56?54? 4=94;<246 54 97=B:9?2<4
9L5F 156 ;56:>56 5CA=>2;54?9156,
056 ;56:>56 5CA=>2;54?9156 75 L2?56656 6<4? A>=654?=56 7946 15 ?9@159: T,! 54
9445C5 T, 09 F<;A9>926<4 756 L2?56656 ;<7=126=56 5? 756 L2?56656 ;56:>=56 56?
A>=654?=5 P 19 R3:>5 +,HU, 056 L2?56656 54 12? ;245:> ;<7=126=56 A9> 156 75:C
F<756 75 F91F:1 6<4? 6<:6D56?2;=56 Q 4=94;<246E .G HI A><7:2? 756 L2?56656
45??5;54? A1:6 A><FK56 756 L915:>6 <@65>L=56 B:5 .GHI, *4 >2L5 7><2?5E 156 75:C
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
1<32F2516 A><7:2654? 756 L2?56656 B:2 F<>>56A<4754? 9:C ;56:>56 5CA=>2;54?9156

9:C @<V?56 785>>5:>6 A>M? Q .GHI A><7:2? F5??5 J<26 756 L2?56656 A1:6 2;A<>?94?56
B:5 .G HI, *4 >2L5 39:FK5E 65:1 .GHI A><7:2? 756 L2?56656 B:2 F<>>56A<4754?
A<:> FK9B:5 7=@2? 9:C ;56:>56 5CA=>2;54?9156, &9> 92115:>6 5? F<4?>92>5;54? P
.GHIE 156 L2?56656 A><7:2?56 A9> .G HI 6<4? A1:6 J92@156 54 12? ;9O5:> B:854
12? ;245:> A<:> ?547>5 L5>6 :45 L2?5665 2754?2B:5 A<:> 15 7=@2? 75 30 l s−1 , 05
F<;A<>?5;54? 5CA=>2;54?91 ;<4?>5 =3915;54? 756 L2?56656 A1:6 J<>?56 54 12?
;245:>E F5 B:2 L91275>92? A1:?W? 15 F<;A<>?5;54? 62;:1= A9> .G HI,
I946 19 ;=?K<7<1<325 75 .G HIE :45 :42B:5 ;92115 @272;5462<445115 ;<D
7=1265 19 >2L5 7><2?5 5? 19 >2L5 39:FK5 7: 12? ;245:>, 09 L2?5665 75 18=F<:15;54?
56? 7<4F 19 ;M;5 A<:> 156 75:C >2L56, 056 L2?56656 A><7:2?56 A9> .GHI A<:>
FK9B:5 >2L5 6<4? A5: 72X=>54?56 ;926 6<4? 1=3N>5;54? A1:6 J<>?56 54 >2L5 39:FK5E
F5 B:2 F<>>56A<47 9: F<;A<>?5;54? 5CA=>2;54?91,
089491Y65 7: >9?2< 756 L2?56656 Vlit mineur Vlit majeur ;<4?>5 =3915;54? B:5
65:1 .G HI >=:662? P >5A><7:2>5 F<>>5F?5;54? 156 L915:>6 5? 19 ?54794F5 5CA=>2D
;54?915 ZL<2> [23:>5 T,\ 54 9445C5 T], .GHI A><7:2? 54 5X5? :4 F<;A<>?5;54?
F<4?>92>5 P F51:2 <@65>L= 1<>6 756 5CA=>254F56,
!"!#!# $%&'()*+,-%& ./-, 0-&1)* 28 cm2 3"4506

&<:> F5??5 F<4R3:>9?2<4E 19 A><J<475:> FK<2625 A<:> 15 12? ;245:> =?92? 75 +F;
9L5F 756 7=@2?6 75 10 l s−1 E 20 l s−1 5? 40 l s−1 , &<:> FK9B:5 7=@2?E :4 F<4?>W15
9L91 72X=>54? 9 =?= ;26 54 A19F5 75 ;942N>5 P 39>94?2> :4 7=@<>75;54? 6:>
185465;@15 7: 124=92>5 7: 12? ;245:>, 056 5CA=>254F56 >=9126=56 6<4? >53><:A=56
7946 15 ?9@159: +, \, 056 ;56:>56 75 L2?56656 <4? =?= J92?56 :42B:5;54? A<:>
156 7=@2?6 7510 l s−1 5?40 l s−1 , *4 5X5?E A<:> 20 l s−1 156 ;56:>56 65 6<4? 9L=>=56
2;A<662@156 F9> 156 ^<??5:>6 45 >56?9254? A96 7946 15 12? ;9O5:>, 056 ;56:>56
48=?9254? 7<4F A96 >5A>=654?9?2L56 75 19 L2?5665 78:4 12? 54 A9>?2F:125>,
056 ;56:>56 75 K9:?5:> 7859: 6<4? 6Y4?K=?26=56 7946 15 ?9@159: T,+ 54 94D
45C5 T Q 156 123456 7859: ;<7=126=56 6<4? B:94? P 51156 F<;A9>=56 9:C ;56:>56
!"! #$%&'(#)*#+ '&,-(+&#+ ./.
0.70
0.65
0.60
Vitesse (m/s)
0.55
0.50
Mesure - Lit maj. RG

0.45 SW12D - Lit maj.
SW2D - Lit maj. RD
0.40
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Q (l/s)
!" #$%& '!()*&

tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.80
Mesure - Lit min
0.75 SW2D - Lit min

SW12D - Lit min
0.70
0.65
Vitesse (m/s)
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Q (l/s)
+" ,$- .$/&(0
0.70
0.65
0.60
Vitesse (m/s)
0.55
0.50
Mesure - Lit maj. RD

0.45
SW12D - Lit maj.
SW2D - Lit maj. RD
0.40
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Q (l/s)
)" #$%& 102$-&
!"#$% !"0 1 *2345657829 :;8 <7=;88;8 32:>?78>;8 ;= :;8 <7=;88;8 3;8@6>;8

42@6 ?5 A29BC@65=729 D -7= 379;@6 17 cm E!
!" #$%&'()* +, )-./0(%(.
#12345678912 :;<98 #12=98912 7>7? K @m1/3 s−1 A

"B"CDEBF G= 10 l s−1 :;>H6I196 6HD87245?796H K
@h = 5 cmJ L = 13 cmA
"B"CDEBF"G= 20 l s−1 :;>H6I196 6HD87245?796H +L
@h = 10 cmA
"B"CDEBF!G= 40 l s−1 :;>H6I196 6HD87245?796H +C
@h = 5 cmA
!"#$!% +, L M *NO;69H2DHI 6;7?9I;HI O156 ?7 D12345678912 P 098 E92H56 28 cm Q,
HNO;69EH287?HI R ?7 3456H +,"S H8 R ?7 3456H T,C H2 722HNH T, 0HI ?942HI =UH75

E1=;?9I;HI 7>HD ?HI =H5N ?149D9H?I I128 I9E9?796HI O156 ?UH2IHE<?H =HI =;<98I HNO;V
69EH2875N, '? W 7 8158HX19I 52 =;D7?74H 7>HD ?HI >7?H56I HNO;69EH287?HI O156 ?HI
=;<98I =H 10 l s−1 H8 40 l s−1 , 0H =;D7?74H O156 10 l s−1 ;8728 86YI X79<?H @92X;69H56
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
75 DH289EY86HA H8 529Z5HEH28 O156 ?U7<ID9IIH x = 1 mJ 9? OH58 IUHNO?9Z5H6 O76

?HI [5D8578912I =H ?7 I56X7DH ?9<6H 1<IH6>;HI =56728 ?HI HNO;69H2DHI @>196 \9456H
+,"!DA,
0HI 67891I =HI >98HIIHI H2 ?98 E92H56 75N >98HIIHI H2 ?98 E7]H56 E1=;?9I; H8
HNO;69EH287? I128 O6;IH28;I R ?7 3456H +,^G, 0HI EHI56HI =H >98HIIHI I128 Z5728
R H??HI 6H4615O;HI =72I ?H 87<?H75 T,K H2 722HNH T H8 D1EO76;HI 75N >7?H56I
I9E5?;HI R ?7 3456H T,S H2 722HNH T,
0H 67891 E1=;?9I; O76 ._ ": D166HIO12= 75N >7?H56I HNO;69EH287?HI O156
?UH2IHE<?H =HI =;<98I, *2 6H>72D`HJ ?H D1=H =H D7?D5? ._": D7?D5?H 52 =;<98
Z59 D1a2D9=H 7>HD ?HI EHI56HI 529Z5HEH28 O156 40 l s−1 , 0HI >98HIIHI I9E5?;HI
I128 Z5728 R H??HI I15IVHI89E;HI O76 67OO168 75N >7?H56I HNO;69EH287?HI, &76
79??H56IJ ?HI 8H2=72DHI 1<IH6>;HI O156 ?HI D12345678912I P 098 E92H56 7 cm Q H8
P 098 E92H56 17 cm Q I128 ;47?HEH28 1<IH6>;HI O156 DH88H D12345678912 b ._":
D7?D5?H =HI >98HIIHI H2 ?98 E92H56 O?5I X79<?HI Z5UH2 ?98 E7]H56 H8 DH R ?U92>H6IH
=H ._ ":,
!"!#!$ %&'() *) +,-&./0,12

0HI =56;HI =H I9E5?78912 =HI ?149D9H?I ._": H8 ._ ": O156 ?HI D1234567V
8912I 6HD89?942HI I128 D1EO76;HI @>196 (7<?H75 +, CA, #1EEH O156 ?7 E1=;?9I7V
8912 =HI ;D15?HEH28I 6HD89?942HI 212 =;<16=728I @>196 .HD8912 +,",",!AJ ?H D1=H
=H D7?D5? ._ ": HI8 O?5I 67O9=H Z5H ._":, &156 ?UH2IHE<?H =HI D12345678912I
E1=;?9I;HIJ ?HI =H5N D1=HI X15629IIH28 =HI 6;I5?878I I9E9?796HI 7>HD 52 D1EO168HV
EH28 HNO;69EH287? 4;2;67?HEH28 E9H5N 6HO61=598 O76 ._ ":, 0H 4792 =H 8HEOI
HI8 D1EO69I H286H 1, 7 H8 10, 4 7>HD 52 4792 =U758728 O?5I 9EO168728 Z5H ?7 ?764H56
=5 ?98 E92H56 HI8 X79<?H =H>728 DH??H =5 ?98 E7]H56, ._ ": HI8 =12D O7689D5?9Y6HV
EH28 92=9Z5; O156 ?7 E1=;?9I78912 =U;D15?HEH28I 6HD89?942HI 7>HD =;<16=HEH28IJ
=72I ?7 EHI56H 1c 9? OH6EH8 =U1<8H296 =HI 6;I5?878I =H O6;D9I912 I9E9?796H R 52
D1=H <9=9EH2I9122H? H8 =;D69>728 E9H5N ?7 =9I869<58912 =HI >98HIIHI I56 ?7 IHD8912
H2 867>H6I O156 52 8HEOI =H D7?D5? E192=6H,
!"! #$%&'(#)*#+ '&,-(+&#+ ./0
0.170
0.169
0.168
0.167
0.166
0.165
0.164
0.163
0.162 Cote de la surface libre modélisée avec SW2D
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.161
0.160
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Abscisse (m)
!"#$% !"1 2 -34567 896:; <=8>?37>67 6@ A:;@6;B7 896:; <67;B>67 C=;B ?96DC>E
B365F6 "G"HF<GI"J8!
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40 Vmin/Vmaj - Mes

Vmin/Vmaj - SW2D
0.20 Vmin/Vmaj - SW12D
0.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Q (l/s)
!"#$% !0J 2 ':@3= 867 K3@67767 65 ?3@ <356;B :;D K3@67767 65 ?3@ <:L6;B C=;B
?: F=5M4;B:@3=5 N -3@ <356;B 28 cm O!
!! "#$%&'() *+ (,-./'$'-
01234 54 67819:;7<= >6? (:;7<

)@A3274=B4 -CD0 -C D0 tSW 2D tSW 12D
DEFB8EG* HD* HI IJ!
DEFB8EG*5 *KF *L LJ
DEFB8EG I5 *L! FK MJ
DEFB8EGDI5 HHH L* FJI
DEFB8EG!I MI L HJF
DE FB8EGD*5 D I MD DJH
DE FB8EGKI5 DDM MM DJH
DEDMB8EG I5 !F FD DJI
DEDMB8EGDI5 FM IK JF
DEDMB8EG!I5 DIH ! JM
!"#$!% *+ M N 01234 54 9: 67819:;7<= A<12 946 B<=OP12:;7<=6 Q /7; 87=412

7 cm RJ Q /7; 87=412 17 cm R 4; Q /7; 87=412 28 cm R+
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!"!# $%&'( ) * +,-.(/

/46 5<8:7=46 5S3;1546 A<12 946T1496 -C D0 A<122: U;24 1;79763 3;:=; 249:;7V
W484=; 3;4=516J 946 :@46 5S3B<19484=;6 A27W793P736 A2364=;4=; X B4;;4 3BY4994 546
67=1<67;36 5S:8A97;154 A916 <1 8<7=6 P2:=546 8:76 A<1W:=; :W<72 1= 2Z94 78A<2V
;:=; 612 9: 23A:2;7;7<= 546 3B<19484=;6+ $O= 5S3W:9142 946 B:A:B7;36 54 -C D0 X
P3242 946 3B<19484=;6 67=141@J 1=4 63274 5S4@A3274=B46 84;;:=; 4= [41 546 B<1546
: 3;3 23:97634+ 041@ B<=OP12:;7<=6 <=; 3;3 23:976346 A<12 946T149946 546 B<1546 X
:=P94 52<7; <=; 3;3 78A9:=;36 5:=6 94 B:=:9 54 846124 4; 612 946T149946 1= 3B<194V
84=; 53\<25:=; <] =<= : 3;3 78A<63+ %<12 946 B<=OP12:;7<=6 =<= 53\<25:=;46J
641946 946 Y:1;4126 5S4:1 <=; 3;3 84612346 :9<26 T14 946 W7;46646 <=; 3P:9484=;
3;3 84612346 A<12 946 :1;246 B<=OP12:;7<=6+
/46 8:799:P46 23:97636 A<12 946 8<53976:;7<=6 6<=; A2364=;36 X 9: OP124 "+
4= :==4@4 " ^ A<12 -CD0J 94 8:799:P4 Q : R 46; B4917 54 23_324=B4+ %<12 B4;;4
63274 5S4@A3274=B46J 9: _<284 546 B<=OP12:;7<=6 78A<64 5S1;797642 1= 8:799:P4
1=75784=67<==49 5<=; 946 7=;42_:B46 4=;24 B42;:7=46 8:79946 54 B:9B19 =4 6<=; A:6
:97P=346 :W4B 9: 64B;7<= 4= ;2:W426 54 9S3B<19484=;+ %<12 B<==:`;24 9: W:9412
5S1=4 W:27:\94 A<12 1=4 :\6B7664 B12W797P=4 5<==34J 79 46; =3B466:724 54 A24=524
4= B<8A;4 9: W:9412 6781934 5:=6 A91674126 B4991946+ .= 93P42 \7:76 612 946 23619V
;:;6 A41; U;24 7=;2<517; A:2 9: 83;Y<54 54 B:9B19 54 9: B<;4 A<12 1=4 :\6B7664
B12W797P=4 5<==34+
!"!#!$ %&'()*+,-.&' / %&*012 3 45 +,66+&7892 : ;457<

/46 5784=67<=6 546 B<1546 7=6;:9936 5:=6 94 B:=:9 54 846124 6<=; A2364=V
;346 9S:==4@4 "+K+ %<12 B4;;4 B<=OP12:;7<=J ;2<76 4@A3274=B46 <=; 3;3 23:976346 a
1=4 6:=6 53\<25484=; 4; 541@ 53\<25:=;46+ /46 B:2:B;3276;7T146 54 BY:T14 4@V
A3274=B4 6<=; 24P2<1A346 5:=6 94 ;:\94:1 *+ L+ /46 8461246 54 9: W7;4664 54
9S3B<19484=; =S<=; 3;3 23:976346 T14 A<12 9S4@A3274=B4 KELIBEG*5+ )= 4b4;J
!"! #$%&'(#)*#+ '&,-(+&#+ ./
!" #$%&'()!*+$% , #$(-./ 0 12 )!33)$4 9" :7*!+; -( -75)$56.<.%* 3$() ;! 5$%&4

567/ 8 '()!*+$% , #$(-./ 0 12 )!33)$567/ 8
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
5" #$%&'()!*+$% , #$(-./ 0 12 7;$+'%7/ 8 -" :7*!+; -( -75)$56.<.%* 3$() ;! 5$%&4

'()!*+$% , #$(-./ 0 12 7;$+'%7/ 8=
!"#$% !0. 1 *23456789:23; <267 =8 7>8=:;89:23 ?@ =8 ;>7:@ A 0BC26?@; D!
<267 =E@F<>7:@3C@ 0GHICGJ0I?K =@; L299@67; 3@ 7@;98:@39 <8; ?83; 63 ;@6= =:9K
@M<NCO839 8:3;: ?E2P9@3:7 63@ Q8=@67 ?@ Q:9@;;@ <87 =:9! -@; M@;67@; ?@ O869@67;
?E@86 <267 =E@3;@MP=@ ?@; C23456789:23; ;239 7@5726<>@; ?83; =@ 98P=@86 *!.
@3 833@F@ *! -8 C2M<878:;23 ?@; =:53@; ?E@86 M2?>=:;>@; @9 ?@; Q8=@67; @F<>7:B
M@398=@; @;9 <7>;@39>@ R =8 4567@ !0" @9 R =8 4567@ *!/ @3 833@F@ *! %267 =8
C23456789:23 ;83; ?>P27?@M@39K =8 =:53@ ?E@86 M2?>=:;>@ <87 +S."T 7@<72?6:9
=@; O869@67; ?E@86 M@;67>@; R =E@FC@<9:23 ?6 <2:39 ?@ M@;67@ U! #3 7@Q83CO@K
+S"T 7@<72?6:9 =8 V27M@ 5>3>78=@ ?6 <724=K 9269 @3 ;67@;9:M839 3@99@M@39 =@;
C29@; ?E86 M2:3; .CM! #3 @W@9K +S"T 3@ 7>6;;:9 <8; R 7@;;6X@7 =E:39>578=:9> ?@;
@86F ?>P27?>@; 86 3:Q@86 ?@ =8 <7@M:Y7@ ;>7:@ ?@ C26?@; Z@397@ =@; <2:39; ?@
M@;67@; * @9 [\! ,6 3:Q@86 ?@ =E@F978?2; ?6 C26?@K 63@ 7@O86;;@ ?@ =8 =:53@
?E@86 @3978]3@ ?@; ?>P27?@M@39; ;6<<=>M@398:7@; Q@7; =@ =:9 M8^@67 :39@7M>B
?:8:7@ @9 8Q8= ZQ2:7 _:567@ !008\! ,:3;:K @3 8Q8= ?6 ?@73:@7 C26?@K =@; @86F ?@
?>P27?@M@39 7@92673@39 Q@7; =@ C838=K 865M@39839 =8 =:53@ ?E@86 ZQ2:7 _:567@
!0"8\! %267 @F<=:`6@7 =@ V8:9 `6@ +S"T 3@ <87Q:@33@ <8; R 7@;;6X@7 =E@3;@MP=@
?@; @86F ?>P27?>@;K =EOX<29OY;@ `6@ =@ M8:==85@ 69:=:;> >98:9 972< 43 Z63@ ?:B
!" #$%&'()* +, )-./0(%(.
0.12
0.10
A B K
C
E M
I N
0.08
H
G
0.06
O
0.04 P

Cote de la surface libre (m) - SW2D
0.02
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010

Cote de la surface libre (m) - SW2D - Maillage alternatif
0.00
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
Abscisse (m)
!" #$%&'()*+) ,-./+-01
0.200
0.190
C2 M2
G2
0.180 A
B I2
E2 H
K2
0.170
0.160
0.150
O
0.140
hauteur d'eau mesurée (m)
0.130
P
0.120
0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500
Abscisse (m)
2" #$%&'()*+) ,-./+-0,/3
!"#$% +,12 3 045678 9:7;< =>9?@48?78 7A B;<A7<C8 9:7;< =78<C?78 D><C @;

E>6F5<C;A4>6 G #><978 H IJ C;DDC>EB?8 K,
!"! #$%&'(#)*#+ '&,-(+&#+ ./0
*12345678912 :;<98 *12=98912 7>7? K @m1/3 s−1 A

BCDEFCG 5 l s−1 %7H =I =;>I6H196 J.
BCDEFCG = 5 l s−1 :;>I6H196 6IF87245?796I @ h = 10 cmA J.
BCDEFCGBE= 30 l s−1 :;>I6H196 6IF87245?796I @ h = 5 cmA J.
!"#$!% !.D K #LM;69I2FIH 6;7?9H;IH M156 ?7 F12345678912 N *15=IH O DE

67MM61FP;H Q!
R792I =I S79??IH M156 FP7T5I ?98 M156 +U": F1286I 52I 529T5I S79??I M76 ?98
M156 +U.":A 7 ;8; 7>72F;I! V2I H9S5?78912 =I F1SM7679H12 7 ;8; 6;7?9H;I 7>IF
+U": M156 ?WILM;69I2FI BCDEFCG I2 589?9H728 H869F8ISI28 ?I SXSI S79??74I
T5I M156 +U.": @FI S79??74I IH8 ?I S79??74I N < QA @>196 Y9456I *!.< I2 72Z
2ILI *A! -IH S79??IH .: H128 6ISM?7F;IH M76 =IH S79??IH ": I8 ?IH S79??IH ":
F128I2728 ?IH S79??IH .: H128 6ISM?7F;IH M76 =I5L S79??IH =I M768 I8 =W7586I =I
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
?7 S79??I F166IHM12=728 75 ?98 S92I56! %156 FI S79??74I[ ?7 ?942I =WI75 M61=598I

M76 +U": IH8 2I88ISI28 H15HZIH89S;I I8 ?I ?149F9I? 2I 6IM61=598 M7H ?IH MI68IH
=I FP764I 1<HI6>;IH 75 29>I75 =IH F15=IH! \9I2 T5I ?I S79??74I 589?9H; M76 +U":
F12=989122I =I S729]6I 9SM168728I ?IH 6;H5?878H[ FI F1=I =I F7?F5? M61=598 =IH
6;H5?878H S192H 37<?IH T5I +U.": =72H FI88I F12345678912!
%156 ?IH =I5L ?942IH =WI75 H9S5?;IH[ 8619H =;F61FPISI28H H128 79H;SI28 9=I2Z
8937<?IH! (?H F166IHM12=I28 75L 8619H F15=IH ?IH M?5H I2 7>7?! #2 1586I[ 52I ?;Z
4]6I ^5F8578912 =I ?7 H56_7FI ?9<6I S1=;?9H;I S76T5I ?WISM?7FISI28 =5 M6IS9I6
F15=I! -16HT5I ?I ?149F9I? +U.": 8615>I T5W52 F15=I IH8 N 21`; Q @?IH S79??IH
<9=9SI2H9122I??IH F128I2728 ?I F15=I H128 I2 I75A[ ?7 MI68I =I FP764I 75 M7HH74I
=I FI F15=I IH8 T57H9SI28 25??I @>196 Y9456I *! I2 722ILI *A! -7 HI5?I ;87MI =I
F7?F5? T59 IH8 6;7?9H;I =9a;6ISSI28 H9 52I S79??I <9=9SI2H9122I??I IH8 I2 I75 @FI
T59 F166IHM12= O ?7 F12345678912 =W52 F15=I N 21`; QA IH8 ?7 MP7HI =I 8672H_I68
=I ?7 T572898; =I S15>ISI28 I286I ?IH S79??IH 529Z I8 <9=9SI2H9122I??IH! -I F7H
;FP;728[ ?W7b158 =W52 8I6SI =I MI68I =I FP764I ?1F7? M61M1689122I? O ?7 P758I56
=WI75 =72H ?7 S79??I =I F7?F5? <9=9SI2H9122I??I @M156 X86I 25? =72H ?I F7H =W52
F15=I 212 N 21`; QA MI58 X86I I2>9H74;! -I F1IcF9I28 =I MI68I =I FP764I =;Z
MI2=67 O M69169 =I ?7 _16SI =5 F15=I! -7 6;7?9H78912 =5 F7?74I =5 F1IcF9I28 I2
_12F8912 =IH M767S]86IH 4;1S;869T5IH =5 F15=I @67891 =IH P758I56H =WI75 I286I
.: I8 ":[ 67891 =IH ?764I56H =IH ;F15?ISI28H .: I8 ":[ I8F!!!A =198 =12F X86I
I2>9H74;I >97 52I H;69I =WILM;69I2FIH 7>IF =IH SIH56IH M?5H M6;F9HIH @2187SSI28
M156 ?7 >98IHHIA! +9 ?I ?9I2 I286I ?I F1IcF9I28 =I MI68I =I FP764I I8 ?IH M767S]86IH
4;1S;869T5IH =5 F15=I IH8 9=I2893; =I S729]6I H789H_79H728I[ 9? IH8 I2>9H74I7<?I
=I MI6SI886I 75 F1=I =I F7?F5? +U.": 52 86798ISI28 7581S789H; =IH F15=IH
M156 67b158I6 FIH MI68IH =I FP764IH =72H ?I F7H =W52 F15=I N 21`; Q! %156 ?IH
F12345678912H =;<16=728IH[ ?IH ?942IH =WI75 S1=;?9H;IH H128 92_;69I56IH 75L >7Z
?I56H SIH56;IH! -7 ?942I =WI75 +U": IH8 F7?F5?;I I2 _79H728 ?7 S1Ì22I =IH
P758I56H =WI75 H56 52I HIF8912 =W;F15?ISI28! #2 IaI8[ FI 86798ISI28 7 ;8; 2;Z
FIHH796I =72H ?7 SIH56I 1d ?7 F18I =I ?7 H56_7FI ?9<6I S1=;?9H;I >769I =I S729]6I
9SM168728I H59>728 ?7 S79??I F12H9=;6;I @>196 Y9456I !BBA! -W92bIF8912 =72H ?IH
!" #$%&'()* +, )-./0(%(.
cote de la surface libre (m) Limite lit mineur / lit majeur

0.118
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.116 Sens de
0.114 l’écoulement
0.112
0.110
!" #$%&'()*+) ,-./+-01
cote de la surface libre (m) Limite lit mineur / lit majeur

0.17
0.16
0.15
Sens de
0.14
l’écoulement
0.13
2" #$%&'()*+),-./+-0,/3
!"#$% +,11 2 #345674389:; <; =3 >65; <; =3 ?@4A3>; =:B4; ?:C@=D; 3E;> .FGH
86@4 =3 >6IJ7@435:6I K #6@<;? L MN 438846>9D? O,
!"! #$%&'(#)*#+ '&,-(+&#+ ./0
1.60
SW12D
Expérience
1.40
SW2D
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.00
tronçon "amont" tronçon "centre" tronçon "aval"
!"#$% !1/ 2 '3456 789 :5489989 8; <54 =5;8>? @3? ?3@@6?4 3>A :5489989 8; <54
=3B8>? @6>? <3 C6;DE>?3456; F *6>789 G 0H ?3@@?6CIJ9 K!
=67J<593456;9 7> 7JL54 8A@J?5=8;43< =3B6?J 78 M NC6??89@6;73;4 G <3 =3?E8

7O8??8>? 7> =67><8 G =39P>89Q ;8 @8?=84 @39 78 ?84?6>:8? <89 :3<8>?9 8A@J?5R
=8;43<89! %6>? +S."T C6==8 @6>? +S"TU 6; @8>4 578;45D8? 789 V>C4>3456;9
9>? <3 <5E;8 7O83> C6??89@6;73;4 G <3 <6C3<593456; 789 C6>789! *89 V>C4>3456;9
96;4 JE3<8=8;4 578;45D3L<89 9>? <89 <5E;89 7O83> @6>? <O8A@J?58;C8 1W0HCWX 7
N:65? Y5E>?8 *!/Q!
-89 =89>?89 78 :5489989 96;4 ?8E?6>@J89 73;9 <8 43L<83> *!" 8; 3;;8A8 *!
-8 ?3456 789 :5489989 8; <54 =5;8>? @3? ?3@@6?4 3>A :5489989 8; <54 =3B8>? 894
@?J98;4J G <3 DE>?8 !1/ 84 <89 :5489989 =67J<59J89 96;4 C6;Z?6;4J89 3>A :3<8>?9
8A@J?5=8;43<89 G <3 DE>?8 *![ 8; 3;;8A8 *! %6>? <O8;98=L<8 789 4?6;\6;9U <8
C678 78 C3<C>< +S."T 95=><8 789 :5489989 8; <54 =5;8>? @<>9 5=@6?43;489 P>O8;
<54 =3B8>? ] 84 C8 G <O5;:8?98 789 :5489989 95=><J89 @3? +S"T! -89 5=@?JC5956;9
9>? <89 =89>?89 78 :548998 ;8 @8?=8448;4 @39 78 7J48?=5;8? <8 <54 73;9 <8P>8< <3
:548998 J4354 <3 @<>9 E?3;78! (< C6;:58;4 @3? 35<<8>?9 78 ;648? P>8 @6>? <8 4?6;\6;
3=6;4U 98>< +S."T 95=><8 3>A 5=@?JC5956;9 @?^9 >; ?3456 C6??89@6;73;4 G C8<>5
=89>?J! (< ;O894 46>48Z659 @39 @6995L<8 78 7J48?=5;8? P>8< C678 78 C3<C>< 95=><8
>; C6=@6?48=8;4 <8 @<>9 @?6CI8 78 <3 ?J3<54J 6L98?:J8! #; 8_84U <O5;B8C456; 7O>;
7JL54 >;5435?8 >;5Z6?=8 9>? 46>48 <3 98C456; @6>? +S"T @8>4 8A@<5P>8? 7O6L48;5?
789 :5489989 8; <54 =5;8>? @<>9 Z35L<8 P>O8; <54 =3B8>?!
!" #$%&'()* !+ ),-./(%(-
#01234567801 9:;87 #01<87801 6=6> K ?m1/3 s−1 @

ABC">BD! 5 l s−1 &6E <F <:=F5E085 !G
ABC">BD!< 5 l s−1 9:=F5E085 5FH76134>685F ? h = 10 cm@ !G
!"#$!% !+I" J *KL:58F1HFE 5:6>8E:FE L045 >6 H01234567801 M #04<FE N C"

:>0831:E O+
!"!#!" $%&'()*+,-%& . $%)/01 2 34 !"#$% & ' ()*!+
!" #$%!&"$'&" #!" (')#!" $&"*+,,-" #+&" ,! (+&+, #! %!").! "'&* /.-"!&*-!" 0
,+ 12).! 345 !& +&&!6! 34 7'). (!**! !6/-.$!&(!8 #!)6 ('&12).+*$'&" '&* -*- .-+9
,$"-!" : )&! "+&" #-;'.#!%!&* !* )&! #-;'.#+&*!4 !" (+.+(*-.$"*$<)!" #! (=+<)!
('&12).+*$'& "'&* .!2.')/-!" #+&" ,! *+;,!+) >4?@4 !" %!").!" #! =+)*!)."
#A!+) /'). ,A!&"!%;,! #!" ('&12).+*$'&" "'&* .!2.')/-!" #+&" ,! *+;,!+) 34B !&
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
+&&!6! 34 + ('%/+.+$"'& #!" ,$2&!" #A!+) %'#-,$"-!" !* #!" C+,!)." !6/-.$%!&9

*+,!" !"* /.-"!&*-! 0 ,+ 12).! >4B> !* 0 ,+ 12).! 34D !& +&&!6! 34 + ,$2&! #A!+)
(+,(),-! /+. ,! ('#! #! (+,(), EFG?H /'). ,+ ('&12).+*$'& "+&" #-;'.#!%!&*
!"* !& +#-<)+*$'& +C!( ,!" %!").!" .-+,$"-!" "+)I /'). ,! /'$&* #! %!").! 74
3'%%! /'). ,A!6/-.$!&(! /.-(-#!&*!8 ,! (')#! ,! /,)" !& +%'&* !"* J &'K- L !*
,+ /!.*! #! (=+.2! (+,(),-! /+. EFG?H +) /+""+2! #! (! (')#! !"* <)+"$ &),,!
MC'$. N$2).! 34G@ !& +&&!6! 3O4 P')*!I'$"8 ,+ /!.*! #! (=+.2! ';"!.C-! /'). (!
(')#! ,'." #!" !6/-.$!&(!" -*+$* -2+,!%!&* <)+"$ &),,!4 7'). ,! *.'&Q'& $&*!.%-9
#$+$.!8 #!" '"($,,+*$'&" "'&* C$"$;,!" "). ,+ ,$2&! #A!+) /.'#)$*! /+. EFG?H4 3!"
'"($,,+*$'&" &! "!%;,!&* /+" #$%$&)!. +) (')." #! ,+ "$%),+*$'& MC'$. N$2).! 34R
!& +&&!6! 3O4 + ,$2&! #A!+) /.'#)$*! /+. EF?H ").!"*$%! ,!" =+)*!)." #A!+) S
&-+&%'$&"8 0 ,A+;"($""! #! (=+<)! (')#!8 '& ';"!.C! )& #-(.'(=!%!&* #+&" ,!
/.'1, #!" =+)*!)." #A!+)4 3!**! ").('*! /!)* T*.! !6/,$<)-! /+. ,!" %T%!" .+$9
"'&" <)! /'). ,A!6/-.$!&(! /.-(-#!&*!4 ! ('#! #! (+,(), EFG?H /.'#)$* ,!"
.-"),*+*" ,!" /,)" /.'(=!" #! ,+ .-+,$*-4
7'). ,!" ('&12).+*$'&" #-;'.#+&*!"8 *.'$" %-*='#!" #! *.+$*!%!&* #!" .-"),9
*+*" '&* -*- !%/,'K-!" /'). *.+(!. ,!" ,$2&!" #A!+) : ,! /.'1, #!" ('*!" ,! ,'&2 #!
,A+6! #) (+&+, GH8 ,! /.'1, #!" ('*!" /'). ,A'.#'&&-! ('..!"/'&#+&* +) %$,$!) #)
(+&+, !* ,! /.'1, #!" ('*!" %'K!&&-!" "). ,+ "!(*$'&4 U)!,,! <)! "'$* ,+ %-*='#!
#! *.+$*!%!&* )*$,$"-!8 ,!" ,$2&!" #A!+) (+,(),-!" /+. ,!" #!)6 ('#!" #! (+,(), "'&*
.!,+*$C!%!&* "$%$,+$.!"4 E)$C+&* ,+ %-*='#','2$! #! *.+$*!%!&* #!" .-"),*+*"8 ,!"
,$2&!" #A!+) "'&* !& +#-<)+*$'& +C!( #!" /'$&*" #! %!").!" #$V-.!&*" S $&#$<)+&*
<)A$, I+)#.+$* 0 /.$'.$ )*$,$"!. )&! %-*='#','2$! #! *.+$*!%!&* #!" .-"),*+*" C+9
.$+;,! ")$C+&* ,! *.'&Q'& ('&"$#-.-4 W)()&! #$V-.!&(! "$2&$1(+*$C! &! /!.%!* #!
"*+*)!. <)+&* +) ('#! <)$ .!/.'#)$* +) %$!)6 ,+ .-+,$*- !6/-.$%!&*+,! #+&" )&!
('&12).+*$'& #-;'.#+&*!4
!" %!").!" #! C$*!""!" "'&* .-)&$!" #+&" ,! *+;,!+) 34X !& +&&!6! 34 ! .+*$'
#!" C$*!""!" !& ,$* %$&!). /+. .+//'.* +)6 C$*!""!" !& ,$* %+Y!). !"* /.-"!&*- 0 ,+
12).! >4BZ !* ,!" C$*!""!" %'#-,$"-!" "'&* ('&I.'&*-!" +)6 C+,!)." !6/-.$%!&*+,!"
0 ,+ 12).! 34GG !& +&&!6! 34 !" C$*!""!" %'#-,$"-!" "'&* "')"9!"*$%-!" /+. .+/9
!"! #$%&'(#)*#+ '&,-(+&#+ . .
0.14
0.12
A B C
F
H
J
0.10 I L
E M
O
0.08
0.06
P
0.04 Q
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.02
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00
Abscisse (m)
!" #$%&'()*+) ,-./0-12
0.135
0.134
P
0.133
Q
0.132 I J2
0.131 A
H2
0.130
0.129
C2
0.128
0.127

O2
0.125
0.124
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00
Abscisse (m)
3" #$%&'()*+) ,-./0-124
!"#$% !/ 0 -12345 67489 :;6<=15<45 4> ?89>49@5 67489 :459@<45 A;9@ =8

B;3C29@8>1;3 D *;9645 E FG <=;123<5 H!
!" #$%&'()* !+ ),-./(%(-
1.6 SW12D
Exp
1.4 SW2D
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.2
0.0
tronçon "amont" tronçon "centre" tronçon "aval"
!"#$% !+01 2 )3456 789 :5489989 8; <54 =5;8>? 3>@ :5489989 8; <54 =3A8>? B6>?
<3 C6;DE>?3456; F #6>789 G HI J<65E;J9 K+
B6?4 3>@ :3<8>?9 8@BJ?5=8;43<89 G <L8@C8B456; 78 <3 :548998 8; <54 =3A8>? 95=><J8
B3? -M"N O>5 894 9>?8945=J8+ /89 :5489989 8@BJ?5=8;43<89 6;4 J4J =89>?J89 3>
P6448>? 84 96;4 B3? C6;9JO>8;4 789 :5489989 78 9>?Q3C8 EJ;J?3<8=8;4 9>BJ?58>?89
G <3 :548998 =6R8;;8 78 <LJC6><8=8;4 O>5 C6??89B6;7 G C8<<8 =67J<59J8+ /3 :5S
48998 =6R8;;8 78 <LJC6><8=8;4 3 J4J C3<C><J8 8; Q3593;4 <LTRB64TU98 7L>; B?6D<
B3?3V6<5O>8 78 :548998 9>? <3 :8?45C3<8 84 8; 9>BB693;4 O>8 <8 ?3456 789 :5489989
8; <54 =5;8>? 3>@ :5489989 8; <54 =3A8>? 894 <8 =W=8 B6>? <89 :5489989 78 9>?Q3C8
6> =6R8;;J89 9>? <3 98C456;+ &6>? <8 4?6;X6; F 3=6;4 KY <3 :548998 =6R8;;J8 894
C6??8C48=8;4 ?8B?67>548 B3? <89 C6789 78 C3<C><+ *; ?8:3;CT8Y B6>? <89 4?6;X6;9
F C8;4?8 K 84 F 3:3< KY <3 :548998 ?8C3<C><J8 B3? <8 ?3456 894 C8<<8 <3 =58>@ ?8B?6S
7>548 B3? <89 <6E5C58<9+ #8<3 B8>4 9L8@B<5O>8? B3? <8 Q354 O>8 <3 C6;75456; G <3 <5=548
3=6;4 B8>4 ;8 B39 ?89B8C48? <8 ?3456 789 :5489989 8@BJ?5=8;43<89+ &3? 35<<8>?9Y <3
C6=B3?3596; 7> ?3456 789 :5489989 8; <54 =5;8>? B3? ?3BB6?4 3>@ :5489989 8; <54
=3A8>? =6;4?8 O>8 -M "N <8 ?8B?67>54 C6??8C48=8;4 B6>? <L8;98=V<8 789 4?6;S
X6;9 84 C8 C6;4?35?8=8;4 G -M"N O>5 <8 96>9S8945=8 B6>? <89 4?6;X6;9 F 3=6;4 K
84 F 3:3< K+ '< 98=V<8 O>8 <8 C678 78 C3<C>< -M "N B?67>598 <89 ?J9><4349 <89 B<>9
C6TJ?8;49 B3? ?3BB6?4 3>@ 6V98?:3456;9 ?J3<59J89+
!"!#!$ %&'() *) +,-&./0,12

/89 7>?J89 78 95=><3456; B6>? <89 C6;DE>?3456;9 F 0ZHIC K 84 F 0ZHI< K 96;4
C6=B3?J89 B6>? <89 <6E5C58<9 -M"N 84 -M "N [:65? (3V<83> !+" \+ '< 3BB3?3]4 O>8
!"! #$%&'(#)*#+ '&,-(+&#+ . /
01234 54 67819:;7<= >6? @:7= 54 ;48A6

#BA3274=C4 +D"0 +D."0 tSW 2D tSW 12D
/EFGCEH .FIJ /K "L.
/EFGCEH 5 "IJ. // K.L.
/EFGCEH/G5 "IMM MI JL.
/EFG9EH FGI MI .FLJ
/EFG9EH 5 FJG " .KLJ
!"#$!% !". N 01234 54 9: 67819:;7<= A<12 946 C<=OP12:;7<=6 Q /EFGC R 4;

Q /EFG9 R!
A<12 9S4=648T94 546 C<=OP12:;7<=6L 94 C<54 54 C:9C19 +D."0 6<7; 94 A916 2:A754
:U4C 1= P:7= 54 ;48A6 C<8A276 4=;24 18 4; 81 A<12 546 23619;:;6 P3=32:9484=;
A916 4= :CC<25 :U4C 946 5<==346 4BA32784=;:946 V14 C41B A2<517;6 A:2 94 C<54
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
54 C:9C19 +D"0! -S16:P4 51 9<P7C749 +D."0 46; 5<=C A916 :A2<A273 V14 9S48A9<7
54 +D"0 A<12 8<5397642 546 3C<19484=;6 53T<25:=;6 <1 =<= 4; :U4C 57W324=;46
C<=OP12:;7<=6 5S3C<19484=;6 24C;797P=4 <1 67=141B!
!"! #$%&' ( ) *+,-' -' ./ 0+%,1+,%' -'0 $12,.'3'4+0 +%/40)

5'%0/,6
,O= 54 U:97542 946 XYA<;XZ646 [:7;46 612 9: 6;21C;124 546 3C<19484=;6 ;2:=6\
U426:1BL 1=4 63274 5S4BA3274=C46 V1:97;:;7U46 : 3;3 23:97634! 041B C<=OP12:;7<=6
<=; 3;3 1;7976346 ] 9: C<=OP12:;7<= Q FG9 R >U<72 !"!M!"? :7=67 V1S1=4 C<=OP12:;7<=
Q ^2:=6 R A<12 9:V14994 9S3C<19484=; =4 64 [:76:7; V14 5:=6 9: 5724C;7<= ;2:=6U42\
6:94 _ 9S:B4 51 C:=:9 .0 >U<72 `7P124 !/J?! %<12 C46 C<=OP12:;7<=6L 546 7=a4C;7<=6
54 C<9<2:=; <=; 3;3 23:976346 :O= 5S754=;7O42 946 O94;6 b17546 54 9S3C<19484=;!
-: 6;21C;124 ;<12T799<=:724 , >U<72 `7P124 /!"? : 3;3 8764 4= 3U754=C4 4=
23:976:=; 546 7=a4C;7<=6 54 C<9<2:=;6 5:=6 9S3C<19484=; A2<[<=5 ] :1 [<=5 51 C:=:9
.0 51 Cc;3 :U:9 >U<72 `7P124 !/K? 6<7; _ 9: 9787;4 4=;24 946 541B 3C<19484=;6
51 C<;3 :8<=; >U<72 `7P124 !/F?! -46 7=a4C;7<=6 :1 [<=5 84;;4=; 4= 3U754=C4
V14 9S3C<19484=; 6SY [:7; 54 9S:U:9 U426 9S:8<=; ;:=576 V14 946 7=a4C;7<=6 _ 9:
9787;4 4=;24 946 3C<19484=;6 8<=;24=; V14 946 O94;6 b1754 ;2:U4264=; 94 C:=:9 .0
4= 246;:=; _ 9: 8d84 C<;4 4; A9<=P4=; :1 =7U4:1 54 9: 27U4 :U:9 A<12 24a<7=524
94 C<=;24\C<12:=; :1 [<=5! %<12 946 7=a4C;7<=6 5:=6 9: C<=OP12:;7<= Q FG9 RL 946
O94;6 b17546 =4 6<=; A:6 :97P=36 :U4C 9S:B4 51 C:=:9! #= 4W4;L 9: U7;4664 54
9S3C<19484=; 5:=6 9S:B4 51 C:=:9 .0 3;:=; =<= =1994L 4994 4=;2:7=4 946 O94;6 b1754
4; 46; _ 9S<27P7=4 54 9: 6;21C;124 X397C<e5:94 <T642U34!
-: f<=4 5S4:1 8<2;4 : 3;3 8764 4= 3U754=C4 A:2 7=a4C;7<= 54 C<9<2:=; A2Z6 51
[<=5 51 C<;3 :8<=; >U<72 `7P124 !MG?! -4 C<9<2:=; 7=a4C;3 246;4 A73P3 54227Z24
9: 27U4 51 C:=:9 .0!
,O= 54 U327O42 V14 9: 6;21C;124 ;<12T799<=:724 U42;7C:94 =S3;:7; A:6 3;:T974
612 9S4=648T94 54 9: X:1;412 54 9: C<9<==4 5S4:1L 546 7=a4C;7<=6 4= 612[:C4 <=;
3;3 23:976346 A<12 946 C<=OP12:;7<=6 Q FG9 R 4; Q ^2:=6 R! -46 O94;6 54 612[:C4
!" #$%&'()* !+ ),-./(%(-
Sens
d’écoulement
canal 1D
Axe du
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!"#$% !+01 2 #3456789:;34 7:;<;=>? @378 <9 A;=? ?4 >B;C?4D? C? <9 =:87D:78?
C?= >D37<?A?4:= :894=B?8=97E F#3456789:;34 G (894= HI+
G :89B?8=?4: H <? D949< J A9;= 4? @<346?4: @9= 97 4;B?97 C? <9 8;B? 9B9< FB3;8
K;678? !+" I+
'< @989;: <36;L7? C? @?4=?8 L7? <?= C;M>8?4:?= =:87D:78?= :378N;<<349;8?= F%
?: OI =34: ?4:89;4>?= @98 P83::?A?4: B;=L7?7E @98 <? D378:QD;8D7;: C? =78P9D? #+
&98 9;<<?78=R D?= =:87D:78?= D8>?4: C?= @?8:78N9:;34= C? <S>D37<?A?4: ?: =34: @83Q
N9N<?A?4: T <S38;6;4? C? @?8:?= C? DU986?+ J?= ?E@>8;?4D?= D3A@<>A?4:9;8?= =78
<9 N9=? C? <9 D3456789:;34 G (894= H 34: >:> 8>9<;=>?= @378 C;M>8?4:?= <986?78=
C7 D949< J+ (37:?P3;=R <9 @8>D;=;34 C?= A?=78?= 4S9 @9= @?8A;= C? A?::8? ?4
>B;C?4D? D?= @?8:?= C? DU986? ?: ?4D38? A3;4= C? <?= L794:;5?8+ .4 D9<96? CS74
D3?VD;?4: C? @?8:?= C? DU986? ?4 P34D:;34 C?= D989D:>8;=:;L7?= 6>3A>:8;L7?= C7
D949< ?=: ?4B;=96> C? A94;W8? T @37B3;8 A;?7E @8?4C8? ?4 D3A@:? D?= >D37<?Q
A?4:= :894=B?8=97E+
!" #$%&'()*+($, %-., /*) 0&1'

-78 <9 N9=? CS74? :3@3689@U;? 8>?<<? 7:;<;=>? @98 <9 =3D;>:> X;46?8 *4B;834Q
4?A?4: Y '4P89=:87D:78?= @378 74? >:7C? C7 P34D:;344?A?4: UZC897<;L7? C?=
D378= CS?97 :89B?8=94: <9 D3AA74? C? (U7;8 C94= <?= &Z8>4>?= [8;?4:9<?=R C?7E
A3C><;=9:;34= 7:;<;=94: <?= D3C?= C? D9<D7< -\ ]J ?: -\]J 34: >:> 8>9<;=>?=+
!"!# $%&'()*+*,-) .( /+ 0-)( .1&*2.(

/9 :3@3689@U;? 38;6;4?<<? ?=: ;==7? CS74? >:7C? 8>9<;=>? @98 <9 =3D;>:> X;46?8
*4B;8344?A?4: Y '4P89=:87D:78?=+ (37:?P3;=R @378 C?= 89;=34= C? D345C?4:;9Q
!"! #$%&'()*+($, %-., /*) 0&1' 2
d’écoulement
Sens
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!" #$%&'()!*+$% , -./ 0
d’écoulement
Sens
1" #$%&'()!*+$% , 2)!%3 0
!"#$% !"3 4 )5676 89: ;<9=: >5689 ?@A 6BC9D=6EB 89 DE<EA@B= F G6:9 9B H7689BD9
85 DEB=A9IDE5A@B= <9 <EBJ 85 KEB8!
!" #$%&'()* !+ ),-./(%(-
d’écoulement
Sens
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!"#$% !+01 2 -3454 678 9:7;8 <3467 =>? 4@A7B;4C@ 67 BC:C?>@; =C3? :> BC@9D3E
?>;4C@ F 1G: H I J487 7@ K5467@B7 67 :> 8;?3B;3?7 ;C3?L4::C@>4?7 57?;4B>:7+
:4;K8 7; 67 =?C=?4K;K 678 6C@@K78M :> ;C=CD?>=N47 > K;K 87@84L:7J7@; :488K7 7;
;?>@8OC?JK7+ /78 ?K83:;>;8 =?C634;8 @7 ?7=?K87@;7@; 7@ >3B3@ B>8 :> ?K>:4;K 6P3@7
B?37 83? B7 87B;73?+ /> ;C=CD?>=N47 3;4:48K7 =C3? :> JC6K:48>;4C@ 78; =?K87@;K7
Q :> 9D3?7 !+RS T ;?C48 BC3?8 6P7>3 678B7@67@; 3@ 57?8>@; 67 =7@;7 5>?4>L:7+ /78
J>4::>D78 =C3? BN>U37 BC67 67 B>:B3: K;>@; 64VK?7@;8M :P4@;7?=C:>;4C@ 63 JC6W:7
@3JK?4U37 67 ;7??>4@ =?C634?> @KB788>4?7J7@; 3@7 ;C=CD?>=N47 64VK?7@;7 =C3?
:78 673X JC6K:48>;4C@8+ /78 673X J>4::>D78 >Y>@; K;K BC@8;?34;8 67 J>@4W?7 Q
=C35C4? 8P>6>=;7? >3 J473X 83? :7 JC6W:7 @3JK?4U37 67 ;7??>4@M :78 64VK?7@B78
7@;?7 :78 673X ;C=CD?>=N478 8C@; Q =?4C?4 J4@4J78 J>48 =7357@; @K>@JC4@8 4@E
634?7 67X ?K83:;>;8 87@84L:7J7@; 64VK?7@;8+
% :P>JC@; 67 BN>U37 BC3?8 6P7>3M 3@ NY6?CD?>JJ7 78; 4@A7B;K 7; Q :P>5>:M
3@7 BC;7 78; 4J=C8K7 BCJJ7 BC@64;4C@ :4J4;7+
%3 @457>3 67 :> BC@64;4C@ Q :> :4J4;7 >JC@;M :7 6KL4; 6P4@A7B;4C@ 78; 4J=C8K
;C3; :7 :C@D 67 :> :4J4;7 67 :> J>4::7 SZ+ [K>JC4@8M B7 6KL4; 78; ?K=>?;4 7@;?7 :78
J>4::78 Z 7; SZ >3 =?C?>;> 67 :> 87B;4C@ JC34::K7 >3 6KL3; 63 =>8 67 ;7J=8 \5C4?
-7B;4C@ R+"]+ -345>@; :7 6KL4; 4@A7B;KM :> N>3;73? 6P7>3 6>@8 :> J>4::7 Z =73;M
C3 @C@M ^;?7 83_8>@;7 =C3? U37 :> J>4::7 SZ 8C4; 7@ 7>3+ ': @P78; =>? BC@8KU37@;
=>8 =C884L:7 67 8>5C4? Q =?4C?4 84 :7 6KL4; 87?> Q :PC?4D4@7 6P3@ KBC3:7J7@; 7@
BN>J= J>A73?+ &C3? :78 BC@64;4C@8 >3X :4J4;78 67 -`SZM 673X BNC4X 8C@; 6C@B
=C884L:78 T
2 /P4@A7B;4C@ 63 6KL4; 3@4U37J7@; 83? :> J>4::7 SZ BC??78=C@6>@; >3 :4;
!"! #$%&'()*+($, %-., /*) 0&1' 2 3
ment
d’éc ens
oule
S
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!"#$% !45 6 )7898 :;< =>;?< @78:; ABC 8DE;F?8GD :; FG>GCBD? AG7C >B FGD=H7I
CB?8GD J +CBD< K L M8<; ;D N98:;DF; :; >B OGD; :-;B7P MGC?;<!
M8D;7C! /; FQG8P 8D:78? 7D NFG7>;M;D? BC?8=F8;>>;M;D? ?CGA CBA8:; :BD< >;

FB< GR >; :NS8? D; ?CBD<8?; AB< 7D8T7;M;D? ABC >; >8? M8D;7C!
6 '-8DE;F?8GD :7 :NS8? <7C >B MB8>>; U% FGCC;<AGD:BD? B7 >8? M8D;7C ;? <;<
:;7P 9G8<8D;< 8MMN:8B?;<! %BD< >; FB< GR >; :NS8? 8DE;F?N D; ?CBD<8?; AB<
7D8T7;M;D? ABC >; >8? M8D;7CV F; FQG8P ;<? >; A>7< FGQNC;D? ;? FGCC;<AGD:
W F; T78 ;<? CNB>8<N :BD< )X2U%! 1D C;9BDFQ;V :BD< >; FB< FGD?CB8C;V 7D
NFG7>;M;D? <7C >;< C89;< <;CB MG:N>8<N B>GC< T7-8> D-;P8<?; AB<!
%BD< >B M;<7C; GR 8> D-;<? AB< AG<<8S>; :; <B9G8C <8 >; :NS8? 8DE;F?N ?CBD<8?;CB
7D8T7;M;D? ;D >8? M8D;7C G7 DGDV >; FQG8P AG7C >;< FGD:8?8GD< B7P >8M8?;< :;
)XU% :G8? Y?C; ZB8? W AC8GC8 ;? >B :;7P8[M; GA?8GD B N?N 7?8>8<N;!
!"!# $%&'()(*+%, -.+ /(01.0)+ -2.(0 +*&034.+

'B FGMABCB8<GD :;< :;7P MG:N>8<B?8GD8<N; <7C >B SB<; :; >B FBC?GI
HCBAQ8; :;< QB7?;7C< :-;B7 MBP8MB>;< \9G8C ]8H7C; !4"^ B8D<8 T7; <7C >;< >8HD;<
:-;B7 GS?;D7;< AG7C FQBT7; FG7C< :-;B7 \9G8C ]8H7C; !44^!
%BD< >-;D<;MS>;V >-;MAC8<; HNDNCB>; :; >B OGD; 8DGD:BS>; ;<? >B MYM; B9;F
>;< :;7P FG:;< :; FB>F7>! %;< :8_NC;DF;< ;D?C; >;< CN<7>?B?< <GD? ?G7?;ZG8< GS<;CI
9BS>;<!
6 )XU% MG:N>8<; 7D :NSGC:;M;D? :7 FG7C< :-;B7 /;D?CB> W >-B9B> :7 MNBD:C;!
+G7?;ZG8< >; :NSGC:;M;D? ;<? C;>B?89;M;D? ZB8S>; ;? <-NFG7>; >; >GDH :7 9;CI
!" #$%&'()* !+ ),-./(%(-
nt
me
d’éc ens
oule
S
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!" #$%&'()!*+$% , -./ 0

nt
me
d’éc ens
oule
S
1" #$%&'()!*+$% , 2)!%3 0
!"#$% !+0 1 -2343 567 896:7 ;2356 <=> 3?@6A:3B? 56 AB9B>=?: C D376 6? E4356?A6
52 AB2>:FA3>A23:+
!"! #$%&'()*+($, %-., /*) 0&1' 2 3
Topographie (m)
125
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
120 “N
’e a u o rd ”
sd
ur
Co
115
l”
tra
en
110 “C
’ea
ur
sd u
Co
105 “Su
d”
u
ea
’
100 sd
ur
Co
90
95 N
100
90 O E 110
120
85 S 500m
Débit injecté dans le modèle
!"#$% !45 6 +7879:;8<=> ?> @; A7B> ?-CDE?> ED=@=FC> 87E: @>F G7?C@=F;D=7BF
H I;F :C>@ J!
!" #$%&'()* +, )-./0(%(.
N
Hauteur d’eau (m)
O E
S
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!" #$%&'()!*($+ !,-. /0123
N
Hauteur d’eau (m)
O E
4" #$%&'()!*($+ !,-. /023
!"#$% +,12 3 #45678549:;< =<> :4?6<?5> =@<4? A4B;A4C<> A7=DC;>D<>,

!"! #$%&'()*+($, %-., /*) 0&1' 232
4567 589: ;69 <5;79;= >6?@=>9;=9 A 10 cm! %564 ;6 :54 =@9BC >B =98>967 5;
DEF@B>4579;= F9 F@79=D>69= 4> :9 F@GE=F9D967 947 ;6 5=79?5:7 F9 :5B:;B F;
?5>7 F-;6 D56H;9 F9 I=@:>4>E6 4;= B5 7EIEJ=5I<>9 E; 4> :97 @:E;B9D967 947
K;47>L@ 97 FE>7 FE6: M7=9 I=>4 96 :EDI79!
N '9 F@GE=F9D967 F; :E;=4 F-95; );F 96 =>89 J5;:<9 H;> =9KE>67 B9 :E;=4
F-95; /967=5B 947 IB;4 >DIE=7567 589: )OP% I5= =5IIE=7 A )O2P%! (:>C
B94 F9;Q :EDIE=79D9674 4E67 5;44> :E<@=967 B-;6 H;9 B-5;7=9 97 B94 =@4;B7574
F94 F9;Q 4>D;B57>E64 4E67 F9 L5G>B>7@ @H;>85B9679!
'94 B>J694 F-95; I=EF;>794 IE;= B9 :E;=4 F-95; ,E=F 69 I=@4967967 I54 F9 F>?R
?@=96:94 4>J6>L:57>89! SE;= B9 :E;=4 F-95; /967=5BC A B-5DE67 F9 B-5G4:>449 1900 mC
>B 6-T 5 H;9 I9; F9 F>U@=96:94! 16 =9856:<9 A B-585B F9 :9 IE>67C B5 B>J69 F-95;
I=EF;>79 I5= )OP% 947 96 DET9669 IB;4 <5;79 H;9 :9BB9 I=EF;>79 I5= )O2P%!
/9:> 947 FV 5; ?5>7 H;9 B-@:E;B9D967 F9I;>4 B9 :E;=4 F-95; );F 89=4 B9 :E;=4
F-95; /967=5B 947 IB;4 >DIE=7567 589: )OP% H;-589: )O2P%! '5 B>J69 F-95;
F; :E;=4 F-95; );F :E6L=D9 :9 F9=6>9= IE>67 I;>4H;-A I5=7>= F; F@GE=F9D967C
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
B5 B>J69 F-95; )OP% F98>967 IB;4 G5449 H;9 :9BB9 F9 )O2P%! *; 6>895; F9 B5
I=9D>W=9 D5>BB9 F; :E;=4 F-95; /967=5BC B5 <5;79;= F-95; D5Q>D5B9 947 =9B57>89R
D967 ?5>GB9 X>6?@=>9;=9 A 5 cmY! /9B5 I9;7 M7=9 FV 5; ?5>7 H;9 B9 F@G>7 A B5 B>D>79
947 >DIE4@! * I5=7>= F; F@G>7C B9 :EF9 FE>7 :5B:;B9= B5 <5;79;= F-95; 97 B5 8>79449
F9 B-@:E;B9D967C 4E>7 96 =@J>D9 Z;8>5B 4E>7 96 =@J>D9 7E==967>9B! (:>C )O2P% :5BR
:;B9 ;69 <5;79;= 7E==967>9BB9 5BE=4 H;9 )OP% >F967>L9 ;6 @:E;B9D967 Z;8>5B!
'94 F9;Q =@4;B7574 4E67 <TF=5;B>H;9D967 5FD>44>GB94 97 B5 B>D>79 I=@F>:7>89 F9
B5 DEF@B>457>E6 947 5779>679!
!"!" #$%&'(')*$+ ,-* .)/-**-* ,012$34-%-+/ *)%341-*

'5 :5=7EJ=5I<>9 F94 8>794494 D5Q>D5B94 DEF@B>4@94 X8E>= [>J;=9 !\ Y 947 96
5F@H;57>E6 589: B5 :5=7EJ=5I<>9 F94 <5;79;=4! '94 5Q94 F-@:E;B9D9674 >F967>L@4
:E==94IE6F967 5;Q ]E694 E^ B94 8>794494 4E67 B94 IB;4 ?E=794! SE;= B94 @:E;B9D9674
>F967>L@4 :EDD9 IB;4 >DIE=75674 589: )OP%C B5 :5=7EJ=5I<>9 F94 8>794494 :E=R
=EGE=9 :94 :E6:B;4>E64!
(B 5II5=5>7 H;9 B5 DEF@B>457>E6 F-;69 7EIEJ=5I<>9 =@9BB9 589: B94 :EF94 F9
:5B:;B )OP% 97 )O2P% FE669 F94 =@4;B7574 4>D>B5>=94! '94 F>U@=96:94 EG49=8@94
4E67 F;94 5;Q <TIE7<W494 ?5>794 I5= B94 F9;Q BEJ>:>9B4 97 4E67 F564 B94 F9;Q :54
<TF=5;B>H;9D967 K;47>L5GB94! '94 F9;Q :EF94 F9 :5B:;B 4E67 I5= :E64@H;967 5;44>
L5GB94 B-;6 H;9 B-5;7=9! +E;79?E>4C B5 4>D;B57>E6 589: )OP% F;=9 3418 s :E67=9
49;B9D967 212 s 589: )O2P% _ :9 F9=6>9= 947 I5= :E64@H;967 968>=E6 16 ?E>4 IB;4
=5I>F9!
!" #$%&'()* +, )-./0(%(.
4.50
4.00
3.50
3.00
Hauteur d'eau (m)
2.50
2.00
1.50
Profil SW12D
1.00 Profil SW2D
0.50
0.00
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Abscisse (m)
!" #$%&' ()*!% +$&(

tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
3.00
2.50
2.00
Hauteur d'eau (m)
1.50
1.00
0.50
Profil SW12D
Profil SW2D
0.00
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Abscisse (m)
," #$%&' ()*!% #*-.&!/
3.00
Profil SW12D
Profil SW2D
2.50
2.00
Hauteur d'eau (m)
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Abscisse (m)
0" #$%&' ()*!% 1%(
!"#$% +,11 2 034567 896:; <=>65;67 ? @:A>3A 867 B<8CD37:>3<57,

!"! #$%&'()*+($, %-., /*) 0&1' 23"
N
Vitesse (m/s)
O E
S
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!" #$%&'()!*($+ !,-. /0123
N
Vitesse (m/s)
O E
4" #$%&'()!*($+ !,-. /023
!"#$% !4 5 /6789:76;<=> ?>@ A=8>@@>@ B6C=B6D>@ B9?ED=@E>@!

tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!"#$%&' (
!"#$%&'!"
!"#!$%&'!() *+, -#%+, %+ -.*-!*, ,#/0 -#!$.11+/0 +12*#34, 2#!$ 1#%4*(,+$
*+ -#12#$0+1+/0 '3%$.!*(5!+ %&!/ -#!$, %&+.! +/ 24$(#%+ %+ -$!+6 7&+,,#$ %+
*&(/8#$1.0(5!+ . 8.9#$(,4 *+ %49+*#22+1+/0 %&!/ /#1:$+ (12#$0./0 %+ *#;(-(+*,
%+ ,(1!*.0(#/) 2*!, #! 1#(/, -#12*+<+,6 7+, -#%+, !/(%(1+/,(#//+*, ,#/0 :.,4,
,!$ %+, '32#0'=,+, ,(12*(>-.0$(-+, 5!( 2+!9+/0 ?0$+ 1(,+, +/ %48.!0 *#$, %+ *.
1#%4*(,.0(#/ %+ -#/>;!$.0(#/ $4+**+ @/#0.11+/0 2#!$ %+, *(0, 8#$0+1+/0 ,(/!+!<
#! .9+- %+ /#1:$+!< 4-'./;+, *(0 1(/+!$ A 2*.(/+ %&(/#/%.0(#/B6 C/ $+9./-'+) *+,
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
'32#0'=,+, %+, #!0(*, :(%(1+/,(#//+*, 2+$1+00+/0 *+!$ !,.;+ 2#!$ !/ 2*!, ;$./%
/#1:$+ %+ -#/>;!$.0(#/, 1.(, (*, $+5!(=$+/0 +/ -#/0$+ 2.$0(+ 2*!, %+ %#//4+,
0#2#;$.2'(5!+, .(/,( 5!&!/+ 2*!, ;$./%+ %!$4+ %+ ,(1!*.0(#/6 D* +,0 $+*.0(9+1+/0
%(E-(*+ %&#:0+/($ !/+ :#//+ 2$4-(,(#/ %./, *+, $4,!*0.0, +0 !/+ %!$4+ %+ -.*-!*
8.(:*+6 D* $+9(+/0 %#/- F *&!0(*(,.0+!$ %+ -+, %(G4$+/0, -#%+, %+ -.*-!* %+ -'#(,($
+/0$+ $.2(%(04 %&4<+-!0(#/ +0 2$4-(,(#/ %+, $4,!*0.0,6
H#!$ 2.**(+$ -+, %(E-!*04,) *+ %49+*#22+1+/0 %&#!0(*, %+ 1#%4*(,.0(#/ -#!A
2*4, !/(A +0 :(%(1+/,(#//+* . 404 $4.*(,46 I#!0+8#(, *+, -#!2*.;+, +<(,0./0, ,#/0
;4/4$.*+1+/0 (/,.0(,8.(,./0, 2!(,5!+ *+, 0$./,8+$0, %+ 5!./0(04 %+ 1#!9+1+/0
+/0$+ *+, %+!< 1#%=*+, ,#/0 8$45!+1+/0 /4;*(;4,6 J./, *+ -.%$+ %+ -+, $+-'+$-'+,
%+ %#-0#$.0) !/+ 140'#%#*#;(+ . 404 %49+*#224+ 2#!$ 2+$1+00$+ *+ -#!2*.;+
-#12*+0 %+, 45!.0(#/, %+ 2$#2.;.0(#/, %+, 4-#!*+1+/0, !/(A +0 :(%(1+/,(#//+*6
-0!+**+1+/0) *+ 8#$1.*(,1+ 2$#2#,4 ,+ :.,+ ,!$ *&'32#0'=,+ 5!+ *. ,+-0(#/ %+
*&4-#!*+1+/0 !/(%(1+/,(#//+* +,0 $+-0./;!*.($+6 K+00+ '32#0'=,+ /+ 1#%(>+ 2.,
*. 140'#%#*#;(+ 1.(, ,(12*(>+ 0#!0+8#(, *+ 2$#;$.11.0(#/ %+ 1./(=$+ -#/,(%4A
$.:*+6
7+, 45!.0(#/, 2$#2#,4+, 2#!$ *. 1#%4*(,.0(#/ %+, 4-#!*+1+/0, -#!2*4, !/(A
+0 :(%(1+/,(#//+* #/0 404 (12*41+/04+, %./, *+ -#%+ %+ -.*-!* LMNOJ6 K+0 #!0(*
,+ :.,+ ,!$ *&'32#0'=,+ 5!+ *. -#0+ %+ *&+.! +/ $(9+ %$#(0+ +0 +/ $(9+ ;.!-'+ +,0 *.
1?1+6 D* /&+,0 F 2$(#$( 2., 2#,,(:*+ %+ ,&.G$./-'($ ,(12*+1+/0 %+ -+00+ -#/0$.(/0+6
H.$ .(**+!$,) *+ -#%+ %+ -.*-!* LMNOJ /+ 2+$1+0 2., +/-#$+ *. 1#%4*(,.0(#/ %+
-#/P!+/-+,6 C/ +G+0) *+, '32#0'=,+, !/(%(1+/,(#//+**+, !0(*(,4+, /+ ,#/0 2*!,
9.*.:*+, %./, %+ 0+**+, -#/>;!$.0(#/, %&4-#!*+1+/06
L!$ *. :.,+ %+ %#//4+, +<24$(1+/0.*+, #:0+/!+, %./, *+ -.%$+ %+ -+00+ 0'=,+)
*+ -#%+ %+ -.*-!* . 404 -#/8$#/04 .! *#;(-(+* :(%(1+/,(#//+* LMOJ6 J(G4$+/0+,
-#/>;!$.0(#/, #/0 404 +12*#34+, .>/ %+ $4.*(,+$ !/+ -#12.$.(,#/ ,!$ *. :.,+ %!
2*!, ;$./% /#1:$+ %+ -., 2#,,(:*+6 D* $+,,#$0 %+ -+00+ -#/8$#/0.0(#/ 5!+ *+ -#%+ %+
-.*-!* LMNOJ 2+$1+0 %&#:0+/($ %+, $4,!*0.0, 5!( ,#/0 2*!, +/ .%45!.0(#/ .9+- *+,
1+,!$+, 5!+ -+!< 2$#%!(0, 2.$ LMOJ #! 5!( ,#/0 %&!/+ 2$4-(,(#/ ,(1(*.($+ F -+!<
NQR
!! "#$%&'() !* "+,"-./&+,
01 2304 5606748963884:* )8 4;4< :4 <=>89?4=< :><@=>: 04 A1>8<6<@ 04 731B4748<

9319 ?3=74 0C184 :>74 76824 D23==49E380>8< F :> G>1<41= 0C4>1 0>89 :> 7>6::4
5606748963884::4H 8C49< E>9 730@:69@ E>= :4 2304 04 2>:21: /IJK* )8 =4B>82G4L
:49 01=@49 04 9671:><638 938< =@016<49 E>= 18 ?>2<41= >::>8< 04 1, 5 F 80* -4 2304
04 2>:21: /I JK =@E380 0382 F :C18 049 E=6826E>1M 35N42<6?9 04 24<<4 <GO94 48
E4=74<<>8< :C35<48<638 04 =@91:<><9 0C184 E=@269638 9676:>6=4 F 241M 0C184 2304
5606748963884: 2:>996A14 7>69 E31= 18 <47E9 04 2>:21: 73680=4*
-4 04=864= 35N42<6? 04 24<<4 <GO94 @<>6< :4 0@B4:3EE4748< 0C18 2304 3E@=><638P
84:* )8 :C@<>< >2<14: 049 2G3949L :4 2304 04 2>:21: /I JK ><<468< E>=<64::4748<
24< 35N42<6? 0>89 :> 7491=4 3Q 24=<>6849 ?382<6388>:6<@9 04 /IJK 8CR 938< E>9
67E:>8<@49* '31<4?369L 249 ?382<6388>:6<@9 938< E=3S=>77@49 9319 ?3=74 04 73P
01:49 237E:@748<>6=49 04 /IJK 4< :> 9<=12<1=4 04 /I JK > @<@ 2389<=16<4 04
7>86O=4 F E31B36= >69@748< 682:1=4 249 7301:49* &: 49< 0382 =4:><6B4748< 967E:4
0C>531<6= >1 7T74 86B4>1 3E@=><63884: A14 /IJKL 24 A16 @<>6< :C35N42<6? ><<4801
E>= :> 9326@<@ U68S4= )8B6=3884748< V &8?=>9<=12<1=49 :3=9 01 W8>824748< 04
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
24<<4 <GO94*
$ 231=< <4=74L 6: 238B648< 04 =@>:694= E:19641=9 9@=649 0C4ME@=648249 237E:@P
748<>6=49 >B42 184 E=@269638 >22=14* )8 4;4<L :4 <49< 04 /I JK 0>89 24=<>6849
238WS1=><6389 0C@231:4748< 8C> E1 T<=4 =@>:69@ E>= 7>8A14 04 0388@49 4ME@=6P
748<>:49 04 237E>=>6938* K>89 24 2>0=4L 184 E=476O=4 9@=64 04 7491=49 04B=>6<
T<=4 =@>:69@49 48<=4 :> W8 04 :> =@0>2<638 04 24 7@736=4 4< :> 931<48>824 04 249
<=>B>1M 04 <GO94* %>= >6::41=9L :49 ?3=71:><6389 1<6:69@49 E31= :> E=694 48 237E<4
049 <=>89?4=<9 04 A1>8<6<@ 04 731B4748< 48<=4 :4 :6< 76841= 4< :4 :6< 7>N41= 31
E31= :49 E4=<49 04 2G>=S4 0149 >1M EG@837O849 0C@231:4748< 0>89 :> 06=42<638
<=>89B4=9>:4 >1 :6< 76841= 8C38< E1 T<=4 B>:60@49 4< 23==49E38048< F 049 ?3=71P
:><6389 699149 04 :> :6<<@=><1=4* -4 2G36M 48<=4 :49 06;@=48<49 ?3=71:><6389 8C> E1
T<=4 @<>R@ 4< 6: 94=>6< 68<@=499>8< F 231=< <4=74 04 <49<4= 06;@=48<49 4ME=4996389
<G@3=6A149 48 237E>=>6938 >B42 049 0388@49 4ME@=6748<>:49* )8W8L 184 B>:60>P
<638 48 S=>8041= =@4::4 04 24 :3S6264: 036< T<=4 48B69>S@4 4< 049 4ME@=648249 91=
049 @A16E4748<9 04 0674896389 E:19 67E3=<>8<49 036B48< 0382 T<=4 =@>:69@49* )8
E>=>::O:4 04 :> B>:60><638 01 :3S6264: E=3E39@L :C4M<489638 01 ?3=7>:6974 F 049
S@37@<=649 E:19 237E:4M49 E31= :C@231:4748< 18606748963884: 49< 48B69>S4>5:4*
$ E:19 :38S <4=74L 18 <=>B>6: 237E:@748<>6=4 E31= E4=74<<=4 :> E=694 48
237E<4 049 238X148249 036< T<=4 48B69>S@* -C489475:4 049 <=>B>1M 04 =42G4=2G49
91= :> =@E>=<6<638 049 @231:4748<9 0>89 :49 2>==4?31=9 E41B48< E=3E394= 04 538849
5>949 04 <=>B>6: 0C>1<>8< A14 :C@231:4748< 18606748963884: E=69 48 237E<4 0>89
/I JK E41< 23==49E380=4 F 18 >M4 0C@231:4748< E=6B6:@S6@ 48 Y384 1=5>684* $
:38S <4=74 @S>:4748<L 6: 94=>6< 68<@=499>8< 04 E31B36= 9C>;=>82G6= 04 :CGRE3<GO94
0C184 23<4 04 :C4>1 6048<6A14 91= :> 7>6::4 JK 4< 91= :> 7>6::4 K* )8 4;4<L 2426
2389<6<14 184 049 E:19 S=39949 :676<49 01 :3S6264: E=3E39@* "4<<4 =@X4M638 04B=>6<
31B=6= :> B364 F :> 9@E>=><638 04 :> 7>6::4 JK 48 041M 7>6::49 23==49E380>8< F :>
=6B4 0=36<4 4< F :> =6B4 S>12G4* .84 831B4::4 7@<G303:3S64 04 2>:21: 036< 626 T<=4
0@B4:3EE@4 7>69 04B=>6< E4=74<<=4 04 E=480=4 48 237E<4 041M 23<49 01 ?380
06;@=48<49 91= 2G>A14 =6B4 4< >6896 ?>26:6<4= :> 730@:69><638 0C184 06S14*
!"#!$%&'()!*
!" #$%$ &''()) *+, -$ .(+/012$ 3+ )4/ +25/671*8 1(592)*)7(+ (: +/*68;<
4(67=(+)*8 >(?0$ !"#$%& !' ()*#%"&+, -./.%#,0 @ A BCDE!!D@ !CFD$
G" -$ &8162,( *+, -$ %/+H4*8,(2+$ IJ*1) 0(82)7(+0 )( )4/ K7/5*++ 96('8/5
1!23"4.#/ 5 6&"+*/@
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
(: )4/ 04*88(? ?*)/6 /L2*)7(+0 ?7)4 * '())(5 0)/9$
MN BFOMEFD!@ GNN!$
M" #$ P$ &8)7+*H*6@ I$ #7Q87(@ *+, R$ R2$ S(2987+Q !T<GT 04*88(? ?*)/6
5(,/80 :(6 07528*)7+Q >((,0 ,2/ )( (U/6)(997+Q *+, '6/*147+Q (: 8/U//0$
.+ 7#!,..*+$8/ !' 40. 940 :!#&* 1!$8#.// !$ 1!23"4%4+!$%& ;.,0%$+,/

<:11;9= > ?40 @"#!3.%$ 1!$8#.// !$ 1!23"4%4+!$%& ;.40!*/ +$ A3&&+.*
B,+.$,./ %$* @$8+$..#+$8 <@11C;AB DEE9=F G.$+,. <H4%&)= @ GNNV$
O" &$ %/652,/=@ &$ T/6U7/2J@ W$&$ T/07,/67@ *+, #$ I$ X*=L2/=$ Y9?7+,
014/5/0 :(6 )4/ )?(<,75/+07(+*8 04*88(? ?*)/6 /L2*)7(+0 ?7)4 U*67*'8/0
,/9)4 207+Q 2+0)621)26/, 5/04/0$ 1!23"4.# 2.40!*/ +$ %33&+.* 2.,0%$+,/

%$* @$8+$..#+$8@ !AA BOCEDG@ !CCV$
A" &$ %/652,/= *+, #$ I$ X*=L2/=$ Y9?7+, 5/)4(,0 :(6 4;9/6'(871 1(+0/6U*<
)7(+ 8*?0 ?7)4 0(261/ )/650$ 1!23"4.#/ 5 6&"+*/@ GMZV[ B!NOCE!ND!@ !CCO$
F" T$ %(205*6$ 6&!I 2!*.&&+$8 +$ ,!23!"$* ,0%$$.&/ $ \4T )4/070@ Y+7U/607)]
S*)4(87L2/ ,/ ^(2U*7+@ GNNG$
D" #$ W$ %(2007+/0L$ J0K!#+. *. &LK,!"&.2.$4 4!"#M+&&!$$%$4 .4 4"2"&4"."N *./

&+O"+*./ *%$/ &./ &+4/ #.,4+&+8$./ P 8#%$*. /.,4+!$ $ _*2)47/6<X788*60 /) -780@
.59675/26<^7'6*76/ ,/0 S(59)/0 K/+,20 ,/0 P1]*+1/0 ,/ 8`&1*,]57/ ,/0
P17/+1/0@ !VCD$
V" a$b$ S4/+$ ;%40.2%4+,%& ;!*.& !' :%4.# %$* B.*+2.$4 -!"4+$8 +$ Q%4"#%&
10%$$.&/$ \4T )4/070@ T/9*6)5/+) (: S7U78 I+Q7+//67+Q@ S(8(6*,( P)*)/
Y+7U/607);@ !CDM$
C" \$ S(8/88*$ _8755`0 5/)4(, :(6 Q*0 ,;+*5710$ BHA; !"#$%& !$ B,+.$4+R,
%$* B4%4+/4+,%& 1!23"4+$8 @ M BDFE!!N@ !CVG$
!N" %$ T/ P*7+)<X/+*+)$ c4](67/ ,2 5(2U/5/+) +(+<9/65*+/+) ,/0 /*2J *U/1
*99871*)7(+ *2J 162/0 ,/0 67U7d6/0 /) e 8`7+)6(,21)7(+ ,/0 5*6]/0 ,*+0 8/26
1!234./ -.$*"/ *. &LA,%*K2+. *./ B,+.$,./ > 7%#+/ @ DM B!OVE!AO@ !VD!$

87)$
!!" Tb.$;+S. TTF A ;!*.&&+$8 B)/4.2 '!# -+U.#/ %$* 10%$$.&/ > -.'.#.$,.
;%$"%&@ GNNO$
!FD
!" #$#%$&'()*+$,
- ./ 0+$1 !"# $%&&'( )*+,* &'#%%!-. + /0#1 2-32% 2 .3341

- 5/ 0+$1 !"# ,) 4 !"# 5 $%&6 &'#% $ ( 78'1&'8-29!: 2-' ;12-0<&1=
&'3%# + >:!#-=!?: *&:39#-=2=!&-2 .3361
- 4/ 0+$1 !"# ,) $%&6 &'#% $ ( 78'1&'8-29!: &'3%# + /0#1 @3!'# 2 .3361
- 6/ 71 81 09:;<=> >;< '1 ?1 ?@ABB=;C1 )DDB=E>@=:; :F :;AG<=HA;I=:;>B G @J:G
<=HA;I=:;>B =;@ACK>@A< 9L<K>MB=E H:<AB F:K N::< I=HMB>@=:; >;< <>H>CA
>IIAIIHA;@1 $; A1&:##'!-.0 &B =C# ,D=C EFFG ,HH,( I>FG( F21'!J
2 .33.1
- !/ 71 O1 0MP:J=EQ1 ) CA;AK>B2 ;:; =@AK>@=RA (=AH>;; I:BRAK F:K ':<M;:RSI
HA@9:<1 K&31-2% &B F&9<3=2=!&-2% AC80!:0
2 ! T UV 5W2 U"61
- W/ ?1 ,KD=EMH2 *1 )KE9>HXA>M2 #1 0AJ>BI2 ?1 0A@KAHXBAMK2 >;< Y1 *=K:@@:;1
8BM=<GI@KME@MKA =;@AK>E@=:; H:<AB=;C J=@9 > E:MDBA< < G .< IMKF>EA N:J
I:BRAK1 $; A1&:##'!-.0 &B L!M#1N&6 HO( P!0Q&- A&1=3.2%
2 .33!1
- "/ ?1 ,KD=EMH2 *1 )KE9>HXA>M2 #1 71 0AJ>BI2 ?1 0A@KAHXBAMK2 >;< Y1 *=K:@@:;1
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
< >;< .< I:BRAKI E:MDB=;C F:K FKAA IMKF>EA N:J H:<ABB=;C1 $; A1&:##'!-.0
&B =C# R=C E-=#1-2=!&-2% F&-B#1#-:# &- 78'1&!-B&192=!:0( 7EF ,HHO( S!:#(
$12-:#2 .33!1
- U/ *1 8=;>M<G'ML:@2 Z1 0ABA;;A2 71 %9:HHA2 [1 'M=;:@2 >;< Z1 %B:RAB1 );
>DDK:\=H>@AGI@>@A (=AH>;; I:BRAK F:K @9A @J:G<=HA;I=:;>B I9>BB:J J>@AK
A]M>@=:;I J=@9 D:K:I=@L1 E-=#1-2=!&-2% K&31-2% B&1 S39#1!:2% #=C&'0 !-
$%3!'0
2 !. T .UUV 55 2 .3 31 ) D>K>^@KA1
-.3/ 01 %1 8KA><2 71 Y=;C2 >;< Y1 %1 7>;=EA1 ); %*$ ;MHAK=E>B I:BM@=:; F:K
M;I@A><L H=\A< N:J I=HMB>@=:;1 $; A1&:##'!-.0 &B =C# S&1=C I9#1!:2-
T2=#1 F&-.1#00( I-#C!#91 )HAK=E>; ?:E=A@L :F Z=R=B ,;C=;AAKI2 UU!1
-. / _1 '>BB:M`@2 71GY1 +aK>K<2 >;< b1 ?ACM=;1 ?:HA >DDK:\=H>@A ':<M;:R
IE9AHAI @: E:HDM@A I9>BB:JGJ>@AK A]M>@=:;I J=@9 @:D:CK>D9L1 F&9<3=#10
4 $%3!'0
2 5. T4WUV6 52 .3351
-../ ?1 O1 ':<M;:R1 ) <=cAKA;EA HA@9:< F:K ;MHAK=E>B E>BEMB>@=:; :F <=IE:;@=G
;M:MI A]M>@=:;I :F 9L<K:<L;>H=E A]M>@=:;I d=; (MII=>;e1 2=#92=!:C#0"!!
>Q&1-!"
2 4W T.W V5332 U6U1
-.5/ 71 Y1 'KAA;XAKC >;< )1 f1 %A (:M\1 ) JABB X>B>;EA< IE9AHA F:K @9A ;MG
HAK=E>B DK:EAII=;C :F I:MKEA @AKHI =; 9LDAKX:B=E A]M>@=:;I1 >EI K&31-2%
&- S39#1!:2% I-2%80!0 2 55 T V !2 UU!1
-.4/ [1 'M=;:@1 (=AH>;; I:BRAKI F:K J>@AK 9>HHAK I=HMB>@=:;I XL ':<M;:R HAG
@9:<1 E-=#1-2=!&-2% U&31-2% B&1 -39#1!:2% 9#=C&'0 !- G-.!-##1!-.
2 4U T"6 V
"W32 .3331
-.6/ [1 'M=;:@1 bMHAK=E>B I=HMB>@=:; :F @J:GD9>IA N:J =; D=DAI MI=;C ':<MG
;:R HA@9:<1 E-=#1-2=!&-2% U&31-2% B&1 -39#1!:2% 9#=C&'0 !- G-.!-##1!-.
2
63 T !UV "U2 .33 1
-.!/ [1 'M=;:@1 @&'3-&M+=8<# 0:C#9#0( I- !-=1&'3:=!&- B&1 #-.!-##10 1 ,BIAR=AK2
.3351
! "!#$%&'(!) *+,
-./0 12 $345672 !"#$ #! %&'(!)*+# "#$ ,+)"#$ %-"&.)$(/)-! #/ $)%+.(/)-!

!+%&0)*+#2 (89:8; <=485=8;> .??+2
-.@0 12 $34567 A5B <2 <6A98;CD9AEF62 DG3H A5B ;639=8 789: B4;=9874EA7465 45
7I6CB4:85;465AG ;JAGG6I IA789 :6B8G; I47J K696;47L 65 35;793=7398B M94B;2
1!/#0!(/)-!(. 2-+0!(. 3-0 4+%#0)'(. 5#/6-"$ )! 7.+)"$ > N? OP?,QPRN> .??+2
-.,0 &2 (A9785 A5B '2 (L:A52 <8GSCABT3;745M M94B :87J6B; S69 658CB4:85;465AG
JLK89U6G4= =65;89VA7465 GAI;2 2-+0!(. -3 8-%9+/(/)-!(. :6;$)'$ > N? O.PN>
*,@P2
-P?0 &2 (A9785> '2W2 "AH> A5B 2 1A5 "8892 #5 3K;798A: B4X8985=45M A5B
$6B356VC7LK8 ;=J8:8; S69 JLK89U6G4= =65;89VA7465 GAI;2 <1=5 >#?)#@>
.NY*Z OPNQ+*> *,@P2
-P*0 [2 \2 (89V6387> (2 <A:48> A5B 2 \698A32 \6B8GG45M 39UA5 A98A; 45 BA:C
U98A] ^66BCIAV8 53:894=AG ;4:3GA7465;2 !5 :0-'##")!A$ -3 /6# 1!/#0!(/)-!(.
<#%)!(0 (!" B-0C$6-9 -! >#$'+# ='/)-!$ D($#" -! E(%F0#(C 7.-@ =!(G
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
.;$)$> <845_T6]4 YD45GA5BZ> *C+ #=76U89 .??? .???2

-P.0 [2 \2 (89V6387 A5B "2 1A5 (A9852 %8=857 ABVA5=8; 45 53:894=AG :87J6B;
S69 ^34B ^6I2 !5 ÀGG45M a A78; &5B89;65> 8B4769> 7.--"9.()! 90-'#$$#$>
*,,+2
-PP0 \2 <2 (699477 A5B '2 W2 A78;2 )VAG3A7465 6S *B A5B .B 53:894=AG :6B8G;
S69 K98B4=745M 94V89 ^66B 4535BA74652 2-+0!(. -3 H;"0-.-A;> .+@ O@/Q,,>
.??.2
-PR0 (% ÀGG45MS69B2 1$)$ 7.-@ G I$#0 5(!+(.> *,,,2
-PN0 \2[2 !V45M;> W2\2 bA3;65> A5B )2D2 c6962 #5 %48:A55 ;6GV89; S69 =6:C
K98;;4UG8 G4d34B;2 1!/#0!(/)-!(. 2-+0!(. 3-0 4+%#0)'(. 5#/6-"$ )! 7.+)"$ >
.@ OP,NQR*@> *,,@2
-P+0 &2 [8X98L A5B c2 cA534742 4-! .)!#(0 @(?# 90-9(A(/)-!2 &=AB8:4= K98;;>
e8ICf69]> *,+R2
-P/0 c2 b2 [6J5;65> \2 [2 A458;> A5B '2 g2 <I8UL2 6H ;=J8:8 S69 79A5;=9474=AG
^6I2 1!/#0!(/)-!(. 2-+0!(. 3-0 4+%#0)'(. 5#/6-"$ )! J!A)!##0)!A > NN O@,NQ
,*.> .??.2
-P@0 '2 W2 "AH2 (LK89U6G4= ;L;78:; 6S =65;89VA7465 GAI;2 8-%%+!)'(/)-! -!
9+0# (!" (99.)#" %(/6#%(/)'$> *? ONP/QN++> *,N/2
-P,0 &2 "85=A;7982 H;"0(+.)*+# A&!&0(.#2 <AS8M8> *,,,2
-R?0 %2 [2 "818d382 AGA5=45M ;639=8 789:; A5B ^3H M9AB4857; 45 J4MJC98;6G37465
$6B356V :87J6B; O 7J8 d3A;4C;78ABL IAV8CK96KAMA7465 AGM6947J:2 2-+0!(.
-3 8-%9+/(/)-!(. :6;$)'$> *R+ OPR+QP+N> *,,@2
-R*0 [2 "J6::82 5-"&.)$(/)-! "#$ )!-!"(/)-!$ #! %).)#+ +0F()! K =990-'6#$ +!)G
")%#!$)-!!#..#L F)")%#!$)-!!#..# #/ %('0-$'-9)*+# 2 'JW 7J8;4;> h54V89;47i
\657K8GG489 .> .??+2
-R.0 [2 "J6::8 A5B 12 $345672 & M8589AG AKK96H4:A78C;7A78 %48:A55 ;6GV89 S69
JLK89U6G4= ;L;78:; 6S =65;89VA7465 GAI; I47J ;639=8 789:;2 1!/#0!(/)-!(.
2-+0!(. 3-0 4+%#0)'(. 5#/6-"$ )! 7.+)"$ > NP O*N?,Q*NR?> .??/2
!" #$#%$&'()*+$,
-./0 12)2 %344566 789 12 )2 :;8452 !"#$%&'( )#*+,-. ,/ 0,(!*%,1 ,/ *+# 21.3
*#'-4 5(,6 78!'*%,1.< =>7?65@ .2 A765@ (5BC;@=5B *;DE3=763C8B< F!G2
-..0 H2 %38952 ) ?@7=63=7E< 4585@7EI?;@?CB5< 6JCIB6765 +%% (35K788 BCEL5@ MC@
>N?5@DCE3= =C8B5@L763C8 E7JB2 91*#$1'*%,1'( :,!$1'( /,$ !"#$%&'( )#*+,-.
%1 5(!%-.< ." O/F P."Q< Q""Q2
-.G0 ,2)2 R5B5E>5 789 S2R2 +CEEN2 $8L7E3936N CM 6>5 *@53BBK788 B=>5K5 MC@
6@78B=@363=7E TCJ2 :,!$1'( ,/ ;4-$'!(%& 71<%1##$%1< < Q/U!V OWGQPWGG< FF!2
-.W0 ,2 R34E3C< R2 X2 )E6387Y7@< 789 ,2 Z2 S3[CE5Y2 (5?@5B586763C8 CM E3857@
65@@738 M576;@5B 38 Q9 M@55 B;@M7=5 KC95EB ;B384 4>CB6IT;39 K56>C92 $8
=*+ >,$(- ?,1<$#.. ,1 ?,"@!*'*%,1'( )#&+'1%&.A>??)=BC D*+ 7!$,@#'1
?,1<$#.. ,1 ?,"@!*'*%,1'( )#*+,-. %1 E@((%#- 0&%#1&#. '1- 71<%1##$%1<
A7??F)E0 GHH=BC :!1# IH 3 J!(4 DC GHH= K#1%&# A9*'(4B < Q""\2
-.!0 $2 ]5J6C82 )'*+#"'*%&'( L$%1&%@(#. ,/ '*!$'( L+%(,.,@+4 2 #5@Y5E5N ^83I
L5@B36N *@5BB< :7E3MC@837< W\!2
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
-.\0 X2 &B>5@ 789 S2 XCECKC82 ^?J389 93_5@58=5 B=>5K5B MC@ >N?5@DCE3= =C8B5@I
L763C8 E7JB2 )'*+#"'*%&. ,/ ?,"@!*'*%,1 < /\ O//FP/!.< F\Q2
-.F0 )2 *@53BBK7882 *@C?74763C8 95B 386;K5B=58=5B 978B E5B =787;` 56 @3L3a@5B2
$8 E&*#. -! @$#"%#$ &,1<$M. -# (N'..,&%'*%,1 /$'1O'%.# -! &'(&!(C P$#1,Q(# <
FW 2
-G"0 )2 *@53BBK788 789 12 )2 :;8452 :7E=;E 95B 386;K5B=58=5B B;@ K7=>385B
bE5=6@C83c;5B2 $8 E&*#. -! RM"# &,1<$M. -# (N9E;S7C T!Q$,U1%V < FW 2
-G 0 )2 *@53BBK788 789 12 )2 :;8452 :7E=;E 9; K7B=7@56 B;@ K7=>385 bE5=6@CI
83c;52 W' ;,!%((# X('1&+#< G OG\\PGFW< FW 2
-GQ0 X2 *@C;B62 7&,!(#"#1*. 1,13!1%/,$"#. #1 (%*. &,"@,.Y. Z 7[#*. -# U'$%'3
*%,1. -# ('$<#!$ -! (%* "'J#!$2 *>d 6>5B3B< $]X) 95 %NC8< Q""G2
-G/0 12 12 e;3@Y2 )8 7E65@8763L5 6C ;8B6@;=6;@59 4@39B MC@ =CK?;6384 47B 9N87K3=
TCJB 7@C;89 7@D36@7@3EN =CK?E5` 6JC 93K58B3C87E DC935B2 ?,"@!*#$. \
5(!%-.< Q/U V O QGP .Q< FF.2
-G.0 *2 %2 (C52 )??@C`3K765 (35K788 BCEL5@B< ?7@7K565@ L5=6C@B< 789 93_5@58=5
B=>5K5B2 :,!$1'( ,/ ?,"@!*'*%,1'( L+4.%&. < ./ O/G!P/!Q< F\ 2
-GG0 *2 %2 (C52 ^?J389 93_5@58=384 B=>5K5B MC@ >N?5@DCE3= =C8B5@L763C8 E7JB
J36> BC;@=5 65@KB2 $8 L$,&##-%1<. ,/ *+# 5%$.* 91*#$1'*%,1'( ?,1/#$#1&# ,1
;4@#$Q,(%& L$,Q(#".< ?745B . PG 2 X?@3845@< F\W2
-GW0 *2 %2 (C52 XC83= T;` MC@K;E752 09E) :,!$1'( ,1 0&%#1*%]& '1- 0*'*%.*%&'(
?,"@!*%1<< /UQV OW PW/"< FFQ2
-G!0 *2 %2 (C5 789 12 *3Y52 ,f=3586 =C8B6@;=63C8 789 ;63E3B763C8 CM 7??@C`3I
K765 (35K788 BCE;63C8B2 $8 ?,"@!*%1< "#*+,-. %1 '@@(%#- .&%#1&# '1-
#1<%1##$%1<< ]C@6>I+CEE789< F\.2
-G\0 %12 X7L3= 789 S2 R2 +CEEN 1@2 d7KD@57Y TCC9 J7L5B =CK?;659 DN KC93g59
'C9;8CL K56>C92 :,!$1'( ,/ ;4-$'!(%& S#.#'$&+ < / UQV O \!PQ".< FF/2
! "!#$%&'(!) *+*
,-./ 01 0234567843932 3:; <1 $=>:2?1 &: 5>@5:A5B?247C365; D>:534 45B2:6?4=B?>2:

6BE5F5 G24 ?E5 6E3DD2H7H3?54 5I=3?>2:6 2: ?H27;>F5:6>2:3D =:6?4=B?=45;
F56E561 !"#$!%"&'!%( )'*$!%( +'$ ,*-#$&.%( /#"0'12 &! 3(*&12 J -K LMKN--J
MOO+1
,PO/ $1 01 0?5DD>:@ 3:; &1 <54H5Q1 R=F54>B3D S22; 6>F=D3?>2:1 4!.5.('6#1&% '+
751$'('8&.%( 9.&#!.#2 J MJ MOO-1
,P*/ $1 T56?3J U1 V=BB3D3J 81 &DB4=;2J W1 X=D5?J 3:; 01 02345678439321 8D36E

S22; S2H 5YZ54>F5:? >: 3 6>FZD>[5; =4C3: ;>6?4>B?1 )'*$!%( '+ 751$%*(&.
:#2#%$.0J \- 7 )Y?43 >66=5 LK+N\\J MOO+1
,PM/ )1 81 T2421 & D>:534>65; %>5F3:: 62DA54 G24 ?E5 ?>F57;5Z5:;5:? )=D54
5I=3?>2:6 2G ?E5 @36 ;Q:3F>B61 !: ;$'.##1&!82 '+ "0# :'5%( 9'.&#"5 <'!1'!=
2#$&#2 >J :=FC54 \K\J Z3@56 P]KNP.KJ *..*1
,PK/ )1 81 T2421 U>45B? %>5F3:: 62DA546 G24 ?E5 ?>F57;5Z5:;5:? )=D54 5I=3?>2:1
90'.? @%A#2J - L+-N]OJ *..-1
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
,P\/ )1 81 T2421 :&#-%!! 2'(A#$2 %!1 !*-#$&.%( -#"0'12 +'$ B*&1 15!%-&.2 1
0Z4>:@54J *..+1
,P-/ )1 81 T242J X1 0Z4=B5J 3:; ^1 0Z534561 %56?243?>2: 2G ?E5 B2:?3B? 6=4G3B5
>: ?E5 (""7%>5F3:: 62DA541 90'.? @%A#2J \ LM-NK\J *..\1
,PP/ _:>A546>?` '2DQ?5BE:>I=5 ;5 a3?3D2@:5 b)6Z3@:5c1 C>:;>= 7&80 $#2'(*"&'!
B''1 6$'6%8%"&'! -'1#((&!8 252"#- D E2#$ /%!*%( J W3:=34Q MOO]1
,P+/ _0 &4FQ a24Z6 2G ):@>:5546J (Q;42D2@>B ):@>:554>:@ a5:?541 74CD:>9=

:&A#$ >!%(52&2 952"#- D 751$%*(&. :#+#$#!.# /%!*%( J R2A5FC54 MOOM1
,P]/ _0 &4FQ a24Z6 2G ):@>:5546J (Q;42D2@>B ):@>:554>:@ a5:?541 74CD:>9=

:&A#$ >!%(52&2 952"#- D E2#$F2 /%!*%( J R2A5FC54 MOOP1
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!!"#"
!"#$ % & '()(*$ +, -.$/-#$01
+$ 1"#-2)$"
!" #$%$& ' %(
!"!" #$%&'$% ($ )*&+$&' (,$*&
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
Q = 15 l s−1 Q = 40 l s−1 Q = 60 l s−1

!"#$"% &'$!" ()*+ !"#$"% &'$!" ()*+ !"#$"% &'$!" ()*+
,-.)/..$ (*+ 0/1 0!2 034 0/1 0!2 034 0/1 0!2 034
5655 767 869 76: ;67 9567 9565 9967 9<65 9=6<
968< 76> 869 76; ;6: 9567 956= 9967 9<65 9=6<
?67? 769 76> 76? :67 ;67 ;65 9567 9967 9965
>6>; ?6? ?6; ?687 >6: :67 :697 ;65 9565 ;67
!"#$!% ,@9 A 0$."%$. &$ B!"#$"% &'$!" %C!D/.C$. E3"% D! )31FG"%!#/31
H 9IJ" K@
9><
!" #$$%&% #' ()*+%
!"!# $%&'( )*(+,
0.13
0.11
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.09
0.07
0.05
0.03
-0.1 0.9 1.9 2.9 3.9 4.9 5.9 6.9 7.9
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
Abscisse (m)
Mesure pour Q=15 l.s-1 ±5% Théorique Q=14.25 l s-1 Critique - Q=14.25 l s-1
Mesure pour Q=40 l.s-1 ±5% Théorique Q=38 l s-1 Critique - Q=38 l s-1
!" #$%&' '($)*&+,- .&/)*$
0.13
0.11
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.09
0.07
0.05
0.03
-0.1 0.9 1.9 2.9 3.9 4.9 5.9 6.9 7.9
Abscisse (m)
%" #$%&' '($)*&+,- .!0)*$
!"#$% #' , -./012134.5 674 839574 6:71; <=>.23?;74 1@7A 874 @187;24 7BC
0>23/75<1874 0.;2 87 A18197 6; A.7DA375< 67 (<23AE872 0.;2 81 A.5F9;21<3.5
G H$; I'
J7 6>K3< 67 60 l s−1 5:74< /1L.2> ?;7 67 2%' %5 7M7<N 1; @;7 674 A.563<3.54
7B0>23/75<1874N 8:7547/K87 67 8:>A.;87/75< ><13< 75 2>93/7 O;@318' P.;2 ;5 6>K3<
67 60 l s−1 /1L.2> 67 5%N 8:>A.;87/75< 47213< 75 2>93/7 <.2275<378 1; /.354 0.;2
87 6725372 0.35< 67 /74;27'
!"! # $ % &$ ' (' )$*+ ,-.
!" #$%$& '% ($)($*%+,

!"!# $%&'(% )% *+',%'( )-%+'
Q = 15 l s−1 Q = 40 l s−1
/012314 56301 789: /012314 56301 789:
;<8=<<3 79: >=? >0@ >AB >=? >0@ >AB
CDCC EDF -D" -DC ,,DG ,,D- ,,D.
CD-C ED. EDF ED- ,CDF ,,D" ,,DC
,D"C EDE -DC EDF ,,DE ,"D, ,,DH
,D-C .DH ED" ED, ,CDG ,CDH ,CDE
"D"C .DE EDH EDG HDF ,CD" ,CDC
"D-C ID- .DC IDH FDH HDI HD"
GD"C GDH ID" ID, -D- FD, -DH
GDI. "D- GDC "DH ED, EDI EDG
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!" #$%&'()!*+$% ,-% .!)'-/
Q = 15 l s−1 Q = 30 l s−1 Q = 45 l s−1

/012314 56301 789: /012314 56301 789: /012314 56301 789:
;<8=<<3 79: >=? >0@ >AB >=? >0@ >AB >=? >0@ >AB
CDCC .DG EDC .D- -DE FD. FD, ,CDE ,,DI ,,DC
CD.C EDG ED- ED. FDI FDH FD- ,,D- ,"DG ,"DC
,DCC .DE ED, .DH -DF FDI FD, ,CDF ,,DI ,,D,
,D.C .DG .DE .D. -D, -D- -DI ,CD" ,CDF ,CD.
"DCC IDI IDF IDE ED" EDE EDI FDF HDI HD,
"D.C ID, ID. IDG .DH EDI ED" HD, HDE HDI
"DFF GDG GDE GD. IDH .D" .D, -DF FD" FDC
0" #$%&'()!*+$% ,-% .$%'/
!"#$!% !" J >3<143< 53 K012314< 56301 4L0M=<L3< NA14 M0 8A?OP1402=A?

Q ,R'4 S!
!" #$$%&% #' ()*+%
!"!" #$%&'( )*'+,
Théorique Q=14.25 l.s-1

0.13 Critique - Q=14.25 l.s-1
0.12 Critique - Q=28.5 l.s-1
0.11 Théorique Q=42.75 l.s-1
Critique - Q=42.75 l.s-1
0.10
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.05
0.04
0.03
-0.1 0.4 0.9 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.9
Abscisse (m)
!" #$%&'()!*+$% ,-% .$%'/
Théorique Q=14.25l s-1

Critique - Q=14.25l s-1
0.12
0.10
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
-0.1 0.4 0.9 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.9 3.4
Abscisse (m)
0" #$%&'()!*+$% ,-% .!)'-/
!"#$% #', - ./0123245/6 785 94:685 7;82< =>?/34@<85 2A8B 985 A298<35 8C1?34D
086=2985 1/<3 98 B292:8 7< B/8EB486= 78 (=34BF983 1/<3 98 7?G4= 046/3? 1/<3 92
B/6H:<32=4/6 I JK3 L'
!"! # $ % &$ ' (' )$*+ ,--

0.13 Critique - Q=15.3 l.s-1
0.12 Critique - Q=31.5 l.s-1
0.10
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.04
0.03
-0.1 0.4 0.9 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.9
Abscisse (m)
!" #$%&'()!*+$% ,-% .$%'/
Théorique Q=15.75l s-1

Critique - Q=15.75l s-1
0.12
0.10
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
-0.1 0.4 0.9 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.9 3.4
Abscisse (m)
0" #$%&'()!*+$% ,-% .!)'-/
!"#$% !. / #0123435607 896 :5;796 8<93= >?@045A=96 3B9C :96 B3:9=46 9D2@45E
197>3:96 20=4 :9 C3:3;9 8= C09FC597> 89 +>45CG:94 20=4 :9 8@H5> 13I04@ 20=4 :3
C07J;=43>507 K ,L'4 M!
!" #$$%&% #' ()*+%
!" #$%$& '% ()*+,'-

!"!# $%&'(%& )% *+',%'( )-%+'
Q = 15 l s−1 Q = 40 l s−1
!"#$"% &'$!" ()*+ !"#$"% &'$!" ()*+
,-.)/..$ (*+ 0/1 0!2 034 0/1 0!2 034
5655 768 769 76: ;68 ;6< ;69
5688 769 76< 76< =6; ;67 ;6:
5699 76: 769 769 =6> ;6> ;68
5677 <6; 76? 765 =67 ;65 =6=
56== <6< <67 <67 =67 ;68 =6;
?6?5 96; <6? <65 >6? =67 >6;
?6:8 <65 <68 <6? >67 =6? >6;
?6<9 967 96= 96> >69 >6; >6>
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
?6>7 969 967 96< 767 76; 76=

?6;= 96: 96< 969 76: 76> 76<
8685 :6= 965 :6; 76< 76= 76>
!" #$%&'()!*+$% ,-% .$%'/
Q = 15 l s−1 Q = 30 l s−1
!"#$"% &'$!" ()*+ !"#$"% &'$!" ()*+
,-.)/..$ (*+ 0/1 0!2 034 0/1 0!2 034
5655 769 767 76< =6; ;68 ;6?
5688 769 76> 767 ;6? ;69 ;6:
5699 76: 76< 769 ;6? ;69 ;6:
5677 76? 76: 768 =6= ;6? ;65
56== <6; 76? 765 =6< =6; =6>
?6?5 <68 <69 <6: >6> =68 =65
?6:8 96; <68 <6? >67 =65 >6=
?6<9 965 968 96? 767 76; 76=
?6>7 96? 969 96: <6; 768 76?
?6;= 96? 96: 968 76? 767 769
8685 86; :6? :65 96> <65 96;
0" #$%&'()!*+$% ,-% .!)'-/
!"#$!% ,@: A 0$."%$. &$ B!"#$"%. &'$!" %C!D/.C$. E3"% D! )31FG"%!#/31

H ?IJ% K@
!"! # $ % &$ '()*+&, -./
!"!# $%&'() *+(,-

0.10 Mesure pour Q=15 l.s-1 ±5%
0.09
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.08
0.07
0.06
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.05
0.04
-0.1 0.4 0.9 1.4 1.9
Abscisse (m)
!" #$%&'()!*+$% ,-% .$%'/
Théorique Q=14.25l/s
0.10
0.09
Critique - Q=14.25l/s
0.08
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
-0.1 0.4 0.9 1.4 1.9
Abscisse (m)
0" #$%&'()!*+$% ,-% .!)'-/
!"#$% !0 1 #2345657829 :;8 <7=9;8 :>;5? @AB267C?;8 5D;E <;8 D5<;?68 ;F4B67G
3;9@5<;8 42?6 <; E5<5=; :? E2;HE7;9@ :; ,@67EI<;6 42?6 <; :BJ7@ 37926B 42?6 <5
E29K=?65@729 L -M'6 N!
!" #$$%&% #' ()*+%

0.09 Critique - Q=31.5 l.s-1
0.08
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.07
0.06
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.05
0.04
-0.1 0.4 0.9 1.4 1.9
Abscisse (m)
!" #$%&'()!*+$% ,-% .$%'/
0.10
0.09
0.08
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
-0.1 0.4 0.9 1.4 1.9
Abscisse (m)
0" #$%&'()!*+$% ,-% .!)'-/
!"#$% #', - ./0123245/6 785 94:685 7;82< =>?/34@<85 2A8B 985 A298<35 8C1?34D
086=2985 1/<3 98 B292:8 7< B/8EB486= 78 (=34BF983 1/<3 98 7?G4= 02H/3? 1/<3 92
B/6I:<32=4/6 J KL3 M'
!"! #$%&'() *($+ ,-,
!" #$%&'()*+($,
!"!# $%&%' ( &)
!" #$%&
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
'" #$%& ( )!*++!,- . / 0!*++-1 2
3" #$4%&
!"#$% !. / #01220345 67121585 9:6; 245 <:=8215071:>5 )?@% 47 )?,@% =4 20

A:>B36;071:> C ,D+6 E!
!" #$$%&% #' ()*+%
0.065
0.060
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.055
0.050
0.045
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010

0.040
-0.100 0.900 1.900 2.900 3.900 4.900 5.900 6.900 7.900
Abscisse (m)
!" #$%&'()*+) ,-./-0,1
0.130
0.125
0.120
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.115
0.110
0.105
0.100
0.095
0.090
-0.10 0.90 1.90 2.90 3.90 4.90 5.90 6.90 7.90
Abscisse (m)
2" #$%&'()*+) ,-./-034
!"#$% #', - ./0123245/6 785 94:685 7;82< 0/7=945=85 1/<3 92 >/6?:<32@4/6

A B$< C'
!"! #$%&'() *($+ ,-.
!"!# $$%&'()*+(&, -. %*/&, 0/-%*.1(2.3

0.105
Hauteur d'eau modélisée avec SW12D en faisant l'approximation Rh=h
0.100
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.095
0.090
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.085
0.080
-0.1 0.9 1.9 2.9 3.9 4.9 5.9 6.9 7.9
Abscisse (m)
!"#$% !- / 01234546718 9:7 ;6<8:7 9=:4> 219?;67?:7 31>5 ;=:@3?56:8A:

B ,C+>CD"E9 F!
!" #$$%&% #' ()*+%
!"!# $%&%' (& )%*)%+&,-
!" #$%&
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
'" #$(%&
!"#$% #', - ./011/234 56010474 895: 134 ;9<7104/609=4 (>?@ 36 (> ?@ <3 1/
A9=B25:/609= C DE: F'
!"! #$%&'() *($+ ,-.
0.075
0.070
0.065
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.060
0.055
0.050

0.045
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010

0.040
-0.1 0.4 0.9 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.9
Abscisse (m)
!" #$%&'()*+) ,-.'-/,0
0.125
0.120
0.115
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.110
0.105
0.100
0.095 Hauteur d'eau modélisée avec SW12D

0.090
-0.1 0.4 0.9 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.9
Abscisse (m)
1" #$%&'()*+) ,-.'-/23
!"#$% !,/ 0 12345657829 :;8 <7=9;8 :>;5? 32:@<78@;8 42?6 <5 A29B=?65C729
D ,EF6 G!
!" #$$%&% #' ()*+%
!"!" #$%$& '% ()*+,'-
!" #$%&
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
'" #$(%&
!"#$% #' , -./00.123 45/0/363 7849 023 :8;60/3.5/8<3 (=>? 25 (= >? ;2 0.

@8<A149.5/8< B CD9 E'
!"! #$%&'() *($+ ,-.
0.070 Hauteur d'eau modélisée avec SW2D

Hauteur d'eau mesurée pour Q=15 l.s-1 ±5%
0.065
0.060
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.055
0.050
0.045
0.040
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.035
-0.100 0.400 0.900 1.400 1.900
Abscisse (m)
!" #$%&'()*+) ,-.'-/,0
0.100
0.095
Hauteur d'eau mesurée pour Q=30 l.s-1 ±5%
0.090
Hauteur d'eau (m)
0.085
0.080
0.075
0.070
0.065
0.060
-0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5
Abscisse (m)
1" #$%&'()*+) ,-.'-/23
!"#$% !,/ 0 12345657829 :;8 <7=9;8 :>;5? 32:@<78@;8 42?6 <5 A29B=?65C729
D ,EF6 G!
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!!"#" $
!"#$ % & '()*+$,$-. "$(.#+#/-$
!" #$%&&$'() *+%&%),) -.*/ &() 0.1,&%)$+%.2)
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!" #!$%%!&' ()*+ ,-./
0" #!$%%!&' ()*+ ,-1./
!"#$% !" # $%&''%()* +,&'&*-* ./+0 '% 1/2-'&*%,&/3 2) '% 4/35(+0%,&/3

6 7891: ;!
"<=
!" #$$%&% '( )*+,% -
!"#$% '(- . /0122034 5612178 9:5; 247 <:=8217061:>7 )?-@ 46 )? -@ =4 20

A:>B35;061:> C -DE< F G(
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!"#$% '(H . /0122034 5612178 9:5; 247 <:=8217061:>7 )?-@ 46 )? -@ =4 20

A:>B35;061:> C -DE<-I G(
!"! #$%&'()*+,'$% -.', /'%0)* 7 CM1 232
!" #$%&'()*+,$% -.,+ /,%0() 7 cm1

!"!# $%&'(%& )% *+',%'(& )-%+'
+4567558 9:; zmin zmax zmoy
<=< 2>=" 2>=? 2>=>
<=?@ 2A=3 2>=> 2>="
2=< 2A=2 2A=A 2A="
2=@ 2"=? 2"=B 2"=C
"=< 22=2 22=A 22="
"=@ 22=< 22=" 22=2
A=< 3=A 3=@ 3=>
A=@ C=" C=@ C=>
>=< @=C ?=A ?=<
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!" #$%&'()*+) ,-./0-12
+4567558 9:; zmin zmax zmoy +4567558 9:; zmin zmax zmoy
2=< 2A=2 2A=" 2A=" 2=< 2>=B 2>=3 2>=3
"=< 2A=< 2A=2 2A=2 "=< 2>=@ 2>=C 2>=?
A=< 2"=< 2"=2 2"=2 A=< 2A=@ 2A=C 2A=?
>=< 2"=" 2"=A 2"=A >=< 2A=@ 2A=C 2A=?
3" #$%&'()*+) ,-./0-124 +" #$%&'()*+) ,-./0-1564
+4567558 9:; zmin zmax zmoy +4567558 9:; zmin zmax zmoy
2=< 2?=C 2C=< 2?=B 2=< 23=< 23=@ 23=A
"=< 2?=@ 2?=3 2?=C "=< 2B=3 23=? 23="
A=< 2@=@ 2@=3 2@=C A=< 2C=@ 2B=A 2C=3
>=< 2@=A 2@=? 2@=@ >=< 2@=B 2?=2 2?=<
4" #$%&'()*+) ,-./0-1,64 )" #$%&'()*+) ,-./0-176
!"#$!% !2 D /85EF85 G8 HIEJ8EF5 GK8IE 9cm; FLIM75L85 NOEF MI 6OPQREFIJ7OP

S "T.:C U!
!" #$$%&% '( )*+,% "
!"!" #$%&'( )*'+,

0.135
0.130

0.125
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Abscisse (m)
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!" #$%&'()*+) ,-.
0.155
0.150
0.145

0.140
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Abscisse (m)
/" #$%&'()*+) ,01.
0.21
0.20
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.18
0.18

0.17
0.16
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Abscisse (m)
+" #$%&'()*+) ,21
!"#$% '(- . /0123435607 896 :5;796 8<93= 108>:56>96 20=4 :3 ?07@;=43A507

B "CD1E F(
!"! #$%&'()*+,'$% -.', /'%0)* 7 CM1 234
!"!# $%&'(%& )% *+,%&&%&

56789989 :89;<=89 >; 7;?8 @8 A67B7 C m s−1 D
.67 :6E8;< .67 :>F8;<
@G CcmD 5 @5 @G CcmD 5 @5
HIJ HIKH HIHH" HIL HI4K HIHH4
HI4 HI"K HIHHK HI4 HI"K HIHHK
Vmoy HI4" HIHH4 Vmoy HI"3 HIHH4
!" #$%&'()*+) ,-./0-123
56789989 :89;<=89 >; MB778;< Cm s−1 D

.67 :6E8;< .67 :>F8;<
.BEN;8;< O 3 m .BEN;8;< O 3 m
7 C sD 5 @5 7 CsD 5 @5
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
LIP3 HIKL HIH2" LIJ2 HIKK HIH2"

LIP3 HIKL HIH2" QI"P HIK2 HIH2"
LI4P HIKQ HIH2" QIJP HI4J HIH2"
QIKK HIKH HIH2"
Vmoy HIKL HIH2" Vmoy HIK2 HIH2"
4" #$%&'()*+) ,-./0-1563
56789989 :89;<=89 >; MB778;< Cm s−1 D

.67 :6E8;< .67 :>F8;<
.BEN;8;< O 3 m .BEN;8;< O 3 m
7 C sD 5 @5 7 CsD 5 @5
PIHL HIP3 HIH2K PIH3 HIP3 HIH2K
PI" HIPJ HIH2K KIPQ HILL HIH2P
KI3L HILH HIH2K KI32 HIL2 HIH2K
PI2 HIP3 HIH2K
PIJL HIP2 HIH24
KI3J HILH HIH2K
PIP" HIPK HIH24
PI24 HIPJ HIH2K
KIPL HILL HIH2P
KI3Q HILH HIH2K
PILP HIP4 HIH24
Vmoy HIP3" HIH2K Vmoy HIPJ3 HIH2K
+" #$%&'()*+) ,-./0-1,63
!"#$!% !" R /89;<89 @8 S6789989 <=>T69=89 UB;< T> VBEWN;<>76BE X "Y.:Q Z!

!" #$$%&% '( )*+,% -
!"!# $%&'(('( )*+,-%(,'(

0.80
0.70
Vitesse de l'écoulement (m/s)
0.60
0.50
0.40
Vit. Mes. - lit mineur
Vit. SW2D - lit mineur
0.30
Vit. Mes. - lit majeur
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.20 Vit. SW2D - lit majeur

Vit. SW12D - lit majeur
0.10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Débit (l/s)
!" #$%&!'!()$* +,) -(.,)),) %$+/0()/,) ,. +,) -(.,)),) %,)1'/,)
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
Vit. Moy. - lit mineur
0.3 Vit. SW2D - lit mineur

Vit. Moy. - lit majeur
0.2 Vit. SW2D - lit majeur
Vit. SW12D - lit majeur
0.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Débit (l/s)
2" #$%&!'!()$* +,) -(.,)),) %$+/0()/,) ,. +,) -(.,)),) ,3&/'(%,*.!0,) ',4!0410/,)
!"#$% '(. / 01234546718 9:7 ;6<:77:7 219=>67=:7 :< 9:7 ;6<:77:7 2:7?5=:7 31?5
>4 @18AB?54<618 C -DE2F G(
!"! #$%&'()*+,'$% -.', /'%0)* 17 CM1 234
!" #$%&'()*+,$% -.,+ /,%0() 17 cm1

!"!# $%&'(%& )% *+',%'(& )-%+'
+5678669 :;< zmin :7;< zmax :7;< zmoy:7;<
2=> 24=? 24=@ 24=4
A=> 24=2 24=? 24="
A=4 24=2 24=" 24=A
"=> 2?=B 2?=C 2?=@
"=4 2?=> 2?=" 2?=A
?=> 2A=4 2A=3 2A=@
!" #$%&'()*+) ,-./01-2,34
+5678669 :;< zmin :7;< zmax :7;< zmoy:7;<

2=> 2B=? 2B=B 2B=4
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
A=> 24=3 2B=" 2B=2

A=4 24=C 2B=2 2B=>
"=> 24=" 24=B 24=?
"=4 2?=3 24=2 24=>
?=> 2"=" 2"=4 2"=?
5" #$%&'()*+) ,-./01-2674
!"#$!% !" D /96EF96 G9 HIEJ9EF6 GK9IE FLIM86L96 NOEF MI 7OPQREFIJ8OP

S AT.;2@ U!
!" #$$%&% '( )*+,% -
!"!# $%&'() *+(,-

0.170
0.165
0.160
0.155
0.150
0.145
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.140
0.135
0.130
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Abscisse (m)
!"#$% '(" . /0123435607 896 :5;796 8<93= 108>:56>96 20=4 :3 ?07@;=43A507

B -CD1 E F(
!"! #$%&'()*+,'$% -.', /'%0)* 17 CM1 234
!"!" #$%&'$% ($ )*+$%%$%

56789989 :89;<=89 >; ?@778;< Am s−1 B
.67 :>C8;< D *6E8 (>;FG8 .67 :6H8;< .67 :>C8;< D *6E8 I<@678
.@HJ;8;< K 3 m .@HJ;8;< K 3 m .@HJ;8;< K 3 m
7 A sB 5 L5 7 A sB 5 L5 7 AsB 5 L5
MNOM PNM4 PNP2Q QNMM PNRR PNP2M RNPM PNMP PNP2"
QN3" PNR2 PNP2Q QN"M PNR3 PNP2M MN2P PNM3 PNP2Q
MN"2 PNMR PNP2Q QNSM PNRO PNP2Q RN2P PNQ3 PNP2"
MN4P PNM" PNP2" QN4" PNR" PNP2Q RNMR PNQR PNP2O
MN"Q PNMR PNP2Q QNMP PNR4 PNP2M RN23 PNQS PNP2"
MNQO PNMM PNP2" MN2" PNMS PNP2Q MNM4 PNMQ PNP2"
MN2P PNM3 PNP2Q QNMQ PNRR PNP2M MNOS PNM4 PNP2Q
MNRR PNM" PNP2" RNOM PNQS PNP2"
RN3" PNQ" PNP2O
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
Vmoy PNMR PNPQM Vmoy PNRQ PNPQM Vmoy PNMP PNPSQ

!" #$%&'()*+) ,-./01-2,34
56789989 :89;<=89 >; ?@778;< Am s−1 B

.67 :>C8;< D *6E8 (>;FG8 .67 :6H8;< .67 :>C8;< D *6E8 I<@678
.@HJ;8;< K 3 m .@HJ;8;< K 3 m .@HJ;8;< K 3 m
7 A sB 5 L5 7 A sB 5 L5 7 AsB 5 L5
QNQQ PNRS PNP2M QNMR PNRR PNP2M MN"" PNMR PNP2Q
QN"S PNRS PNP2M QNMO PNRR PNP2M MNO" PNM4 PNP2Q
MNPP PNRP PNP2Q QNQ3 PNR4 PNP2M MN"2 PNMR PNP2Q
MNQ PNMR PNP2" QNRR PNRQ PNP2M MNOQ PNM4 PNP2Q
QN3R PNRP PNP2Q QNP" PN4Q PNP2R MNPR PNM3 PNP2Q
QNS4 PNRO PNP2Q QNQ4 PNR4 PNP2M QNQ3 PNR4 PNP2M
QN43 PNR" PNP2Q QN34 PNRP PNP2Q
QNSS PNR2 PNP2Q QNS2 PNRO PNP2Q
QN32 PNR2 PNP2Q QN4O PNRQ PNP2Q
QNM" PNRR PNP2M
QNMP PNR4 PNP2M
Vmoy PNR" PNPMR Vmoy PNR4 PNP4P Vmoy PNRP PNPRS
5" #$%&'()*+) ,-./01-2674
!"#$!% !Q T /89;<89 L8 E6789989 <=>U69=89 V@; F@HWJ;<>76@H X OY.:24 Z!

!" #$$%&% '( )*+,% -
!"!# $%&'(('( )*+,-%(,'(

1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.40
Vmin/Vmaj - Mes
Vmin/Vmaj - SW2D
0.20
Vmin/Vmaj - SW12D
0.00
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Q (l/s)
!"#$% '(. / +0123 456 72156656 58 921 :285;< =0< <0==3<1 0;> 72156656 58 921
:0?5;< =3;< 90 @38AB;<01238 C -DE: . F(
!"! #$%&'()*+,'$% -.', /'%0)* 28 CM1 233
!" #$%&'()*+,$% -.,+ /,%0() 28 cm1

!"!# $%&'(%& )% *+',%'(& )-%+'
!"#$""% &'( zmin &#'( zmax &#'( zmoy &#'(
)*+ ,*- ,*, ,*.
/*+ ,*+ ,*0 ,*/
1*+ ,*/ ,*2 ,*1
0*+ ,*+ ,*/ ,*)+
!" #$%&'()*+) ,-./,0-1234
!"#$""% &'( zmin &#'( zmax &#'( zmoy &#'(

)*+ )-*2 )-*. )-*3
/*+ )-*- )-*. )-*3
1*+ )-*2 )-*. )-*-
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0*+ )-*- )-*. )-*3+

5" #$%&'()*+) ,-./,0-1,34
!"#$""% &'( zmin &#'( zmax &#'( zmoy &#'(

)*+ )2*, )-*1 )-*)
/*+ )2*. )-*) )2*,
1*+ )0*. )2*/ )2*+
0*+ )1*2 )1*. )1*-2
+" #$%&'()*+) ,-./,0-1634
!"#$!% 452 6 7%"89%" :% ;<8=%89" :>%<8 9?<@$"?%" AB89 @< #BCDE89<=$BC

F /GH'/. I5
!! "##$%$ &' ()*+$
!"!# $%&'() *+(,-

0.100
0.095
0.090
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.085
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Abscisse (m)
!" #$%&'()*+) ,-./,0-1234
0.165
0.160
0.155
0.150
0.145
0.140

0.135
0.130
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Abscisse (m)
5" #$%&'()*+) ,-./,0-1634
!"#$% &', - ./0123245/6 785 94:685 7;82< 0/7=945=85 1/<3 92 >/6?:<32@4/6

A BC0 , D'
!"! #$%&'()*+,'$% -.', /'%0)* 28 CM1 234
!"!# $%&'(%& )% *+,%&&%&

56789989 :89;<=89 >; ?@778;< Am s−1 B
.67 :>C8;< .67 :6D8;<
.@DE;8;< F 3 m .@DE;8;< F 3 m
7 A sB 5 G5 7 AsB 5 G5
43H2I 3H2J 3H344 KHLK 3HLM 3H344
44H3J 3H2N 3H344 JHMI 3HL4 3H344
43HMM 3H2K 3H344 JHK4 3HL4 3H344
44HML 3H2M 3H344 KHJK 3HLL 3H344
43H34 3HL3 3H344
43H4K 3H2J 3H344
43H3K 3HL3 3H344
Vmoy 3H2K 3H34N Vmoy 3HL4 3H3""
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!" #$%&'()*+) ,-./,0-1234
56789989 :89;<=89 >; ?@778;< Am s−1 B

.67 :>C8;< .67 :6D8;<
.@DE;8;< F 3 m .@DE;8;< F 3 m
7 A sB 5 G5 7 AsB 5 G5
"HI" 3HMM 3H34I "HMN 3HM" 3H34I
"H"L 3HMK 3H34I "H24 3HN4 3H34M
"H3N 3HN" 3H34M LHJM 3HNM 3H34M
"H4M 3HN2 3H34M "HLK 3HMK 3H34I
LHI 3HKM 3H34K "HI" 3HMM 3H34I
"H4M 3HN2 3H34M
LHJI 3HNM 3H34M
LHJM 3HNM 3H34M
" 3HNI 3H34M
Vmoy 3HNL 3H42M Vmoy 3HN2 3H3"L
5" #$%&'()*+) ,-./,0-1634
!"#$!% !M O /89;<89 G8 P6789989 <=>Q69=89 R@;< Q> S@DTE;<>76@D U 2V.:2K W!

! "##$%$ &' ()*+$
!"!" #$%&''&' ()*+,$'+&'

0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
Mesure - Lit min
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.10 SW2D - Lit min

SW12D - Lit min
0.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Q (l/s)
!" #$% &$'()*
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20 Mesure - Lit maj.

SW2D - Lit maj.
0.10
SW12D - Lit maj.
0.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Q (l/s)
+" #$% &!,()*
!"#$% &', - ./0123245/6 785 94:85585 0/7;<45;85 8: 785 94:85585 085=3;85 1/=3
<2 >/6?@=32:4/6 A BC0 D E'
!!"#" $
!"#$ % & '()*$+
!" #$%&&$'() *+%&%),) -.*/ &() 0.1,&%)$+%.2)
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!" #!$%%!&' ( ! ) *+,- ./01
2" #!$%%!&' ( 23 *+,- ./01 '4 *+,- ./501
!"#$% !" # $%&''%()* +,&'&*-* ./+0 '% 1/2-'&*%,&/3 2) '% 4/35(+0%,&/3

6 789:4 ;!
<:7
!" #$$%&% '( )*+,% -
!" #!$%%!&' ()*+ ,-./

tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0" #!$%%!&' ()*+ ,-1./
!"#$% '( . /01220345 67121585 9:6; 20 <:=8215071:> =4 20 ?:>@36;071:>

A -BC!2 D(
!"! #$%&'()*+&#$ , #(-./ 0 12 )*33)# 45/ 6 "27
!" #$%&'()*+#$ , #'-./ 0 12 ()33(#456/ 7

!"!# $%&'()%*() +, +%)-*)%.%/ '0-12%&'(.34
1000 160 992 163 990

363
166
175
397
!" #$%&'($)'(
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
X Point “X” pour la mesure des hauteurs d’eau

ξ Distance “ξ” pour la mesure de la vitesse de l’écoulement
ι
β ε
G η H I
γ E K ϕ
A B C φ M N O P
α χ δ
*" +,,&-!.$)' /&( ,)$'.( /& %&(01&(
!"#$% !8 9 /:;<=> ?@ ?ABCDBAEAF GHC<IA=GJE>K CD@I K> :DJLM@I>EADJ

, 8N12: 6!
!" #$$%&% '( )*+,% -
!"!" #$%&'$% ($ )*&+$&'% (,$*&

'./0 10 23 4567380 './0 10 23 4567380
29:60 ;8<= 29:60 ;8<=
>.9?/ zmin zmax zmoy >.9?/ zmin zmax zmoy
# @!A @!AB @!A- # @FAG @HA- @HA@
C @!A@ @!A @!A C @FAF @HA@ @FAG
'@ @!A! @!A@ @!A! '@ @FAF @HA! @FAH
' @!A- @!AB @!AB ' @FAG @HA @HA@
'- @!AD @!A" @!A" '- @HA@ @HA- @HA
E @!A" @!AF @!A" E @FAF @HA@ @FAG
%@ GA GA- GA- %@ @FAF @HA! @FAG
% GAB GAH GA" % @FAF @HA@ @FAG
%- GAF GAG GAH %- @HA@ @HA- @HA
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
I GA! GAB GA I @FAH @HA @HA!

J@ GAD GAG GAF J@ @FA" @FAG @FAF
J FAF HAD HA@ J @FAF @HAB @HA!
J- FA@ FA- FA J- @FAF @HA@ @FAG
K FAF HAB HA@ K @"AG @FA" @FA
,@ HAG GA- GA@ ,@ @FAB @HA! @FAF
, HAB GA@ HAH , @"A" @FA@ @"AG
,- HA HAB HA- ,- @"A @"AF @"AB
L GA@ GAH GAB L @FA @FAD @FA-
M@ HA- HAF HAD M@ @"AH @FA@ @FA!
M FA- HAD FAG M @"A" @FA@ @"AH
M- FA! FAB FA M- @"A@ @"A" @"A-
N FA! FAB FA N @"AG @FAB @FA
O@ A! -AH AG O@ @DAD @"A@ @DAH
O "A! "AF "A- O @FA! @HA- @FAF
O- FA" FAG FAH O- @DAG @"A" @"A-
$@ -A- -AG -A" P @-A! @-AD @-A
$ BA" DA" DA@ > @@AF @@AG @@AH
$- FA! FA! FA!
P BAB BAH BA"
> -AF BA! -AH
!" #$%&'()*+) ,-./+-01 2" #$%&'()*+) ,-./+-0,/3
!"#$!% '(@ Q O045604 10 R35/0564 1S035 6T3294T04 U.56 23 8.?VW563/9.?

X -YG!8 Z(
N04 U.9?/4 &@A & 0/ &- 8.6604U.?10?/ 35[ U.9?/4 49/5T4 456 23 408/9.? 0? /63\064
U3443?/ U36 20 U.9?/ & ;\.96 I9W560 '(-=( N0 U.9?/ &@ 04/ /.5].564 49/5T 0? 69\0
W358R0A 20 U.9?/ & 35 <92905 10 23 408/9.? 0/ 20 U.9?/ &- 0? 69\0 16.9/0(
!"! #$%&'()*+&#$ , #(-./ 0 12 )*33)# 45/ 6 "27
!"!# $%&'() *+(,-

0.121
0.120
0.119
0.118
0.117
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.116
0.115
0.000 0.500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000
Abscisse (m)
!"#$% !8 9 :;<=>=?@:A BC@ D?EAC@ BFC=G ;:BHD?@HC@ <:G> DFCI<H>?CAJC

KL12JLMNB
!" #$$%&% '( )*+,% -
!"!# $%&'( )* +,-%.*

0.110
Quatrième Coude
0.105
0.100
0.095
0.090
Charge (m)
0.085
0.080
Deuxième Coude
Troisième Coude
0.075
Premier Coude
0.070
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.065 Charge (m) - SW12D
0.060
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50
Abscisse (m)
!"#$% '(. / 01234 56 7891:6 ;25<4=>< ?2@1 4A6B?<1=6C76 -DE!7DF.

!"! #$%&'()*+&#$ , #(-./ 0 12 )*33)# 45/ 6 "21
!"!# $%&'(%& )% *+,%&&%&

!"#$%"& α !"#$%"& β !"#$%"& γ
' (s) * +* ' (s) * +* ' (s) * +*
,-./ .-00 .-..1 2-3/ .-02 .-.04 2-/0 .-02 .-.02
,-55 .-00 .-..1 2-25 .-04 .-.03 2-./ .-06 .-.06
1-,6 .-00 .-..1 2-4/ .-04 .-.04 2-54 .-02 .-.02
6-14 .-0/ .-.00 2-/1 .-02 .-.04 2-54 .-02 .-.02
6-22 .-0/ .-.00 2-/1 .-02 .-.04 2-54 .-02 .-.02
6-22 .-0/ .-.00 4-,2 .-06 .-.06
6-,0 .-0/ .-.00 2-/0 .-02 .-.02
6-33 .-0/ .-.05 2-.2 .-06 .-.06
2-30 .-02 .-.04
Vmoy .-05 .-.0. Vmoy .-04 .-.04 Vmoy .-02 .-.02
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!" #$%&'%& !(%&)
!"#$%"& χ !"#$%"& φ !"#$%"& ι !"#$%"& η

' (s) * +* ' (s) * +* ' (s)
* +* ' (s) * +*
4-/6 .-0, .-.50 3-14 .-50 .-.54 4-0,
.-0, .-.55 4-01 .-0, .-..3
4-54 .-0, .-.55 3-30 .-5/ .-./. 4-55
.-0, .-.55 4-0, .-0, .-..3
4-54 .-0, .-.55 3-4. .-55 .-.5, 4-33
.-01 .-.50 4-10 .-06 .-../
4-5, .-0, .-.55 3-65 .-50 .-.56 4-/3
.-0, .-.50 4-,3 .-06 .-../
4-21 .-01 .-.0, 3-24 .-55 .-.56 4-04
.-0, .-.5/ 2-.2 .-02 .-../
4-2. .-01 .-.5. 4-05 .-5. .-.5/ 4-33
.-01 .-.50 4-2, .-06 .-..3
4-4. .-01 .-.5. 4-13 .-06 .-.01 4-.6
.-5. .-.5/ 4-2/ .-01 .-..3
3-,6 .-5. .-.53 4-54
.-0, .-.55 4-,3 .-06 .-../
4-54 .-0, .-.55 4-51
.-0, .-.55 4-64 .-06 .-../
Vmoy .-0, .-.50 Vmoy .-50 .-.52 Vmoy .-0, .-.55 Vmoy .-06 .-..3
*" #$%&'%& +,&)$!-
789:;;:; <m s−1 = >:;?@A:; B? CD99:?@ <EDFGH?@B98DF IJ12EJKLM=!
!" #$$%&% '( )*+,% -
!"#$%"& δ !"#$%"& ǫ !"#$%"& ϕ

' (s) * +* ' (s) * +* ' (s) * +*
,-./ .-01 .-./2 ,-13 .-00 .-.04 1-.2 .-0. .-.0/
,-15 .-00 .-.04 1-12 .-64 .-.0. 2-.. .-65 .-.65
1-00 .-63 .-.00 ,-/, .-0/ .-./6 1-/1 .-63 .-.06
1-13 .-64 .-.0. 1-,, .-64 .-.06 1-04 .-63 .-.00
,-36 .-0. .-.01 ,-1/ .-00 .-.03 2-.3 .-62 .-.65
,-12 .-00 .-.04 ,-45 .-06 .-.01 1-44 .-65 .-.64
1-01 .-63 .-.00 ,-3, .-0. .-.01 1-., .-0. .-.0,
1-46 .-65 .-.64 2-54 .-61 .-.6, 2-,. .-62 .-.61
1-1. .-64 .-.0. 1-,5 .-64 .-.0.
Vmoy .-0. .-.0, Vmoy .-0. .-.0, Vmoy .-64 .-.0.
!" #$%&'%& ()(*
!"#$!% '( . /0123323 4m s−1 5 62378923 :7 ;<11278 4=<>?@78:10<>

tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
-AB"=ACDE5(
!"!# $%&'(('( )*+,-%(,'(
0.300
Vitesse simulée - SW12D
Vitesse mesurée
0.250 Vitesse simulée - SW2D

0.200
0.150
0.100
0.050
0.000
A G B C F H I D J E
&'(%)$ '(F . '<6G:8:03<> E23 H0123323 6<E9I03923 21 E23 H0123323 62378923 G<78
I: =<>?@78:10<> J -AB"=ACDE K(
!"! #$%&'()*+&#$, #(-./ 0 12 34#&'$3/ 5 677
!" #$%&'()*+#$, #'-./ 0 12 34#+&$3/ 5

!"!# $%&'()%*() +, +%)-*)%.%/ '0-12%&'(.34
1000 170 990 170 1000

670
500
180
170
!" #$%&'($)'(
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
X Point “X” pour la mesure des hauteurs d’eau

ξ Distance “ξ” pour la mesure de la vitesse de l’écoulement
H δ I J
α φ
F L
E
χ M
β ε
A B C O P Q
!" #$$%&'()*+ ,%- $*)+(- ,% .%-/0%-
!"#$% !" # $%&'() *+ *,-./-,0,1 23.'4,(250)6 ./+4 6) %/578+4)0,/5 9 :;<=6 >!

! "##$%$ &' ()*+$ ,
!"!# $%&'(%& )% *+',%'(& )-%+'
&-./ 0/ 12 345627/ 1895/ :7;< &-./ 0/ 12 345627/ 1895/ :7;<

=-8>. zmin zmax zmoy =-8>. zmin zmax zmoy
" !?'@ !?'A !?'@B " !, !,' !,'!
C !?'B !?'D !?'BB & ! 'A ! 'G ! 'AB
&! !?'! !?', !?' J ! 'G !,' !,'?B
& !?'E !?'B !?'EB + !,' !,', !,' B
&, !?'D !?'@ !?'DB K !,' !,', !,' B
F !?'@ !?'A !?'@B O ! 'B ! 'D ! 'BB
$! G'E G'@ G'BB = !,', !,'E !,',B
$ G'G !?', !?'! P !,' !,', !,' B
$, !?', !?'E !?',B
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
H! G'G !?' !?'?B

H G'GB !?'EB !?'
H, G G'A G'E
I G'@ G'G G'A
J! G'D !? G'A
J G'@ !?' G'GB
J, @'D @'A @'@
+ A'A G'D G'
K! G', G'@ G'B
K G G'E G'
K, A'G G'E G'!B
L G', G'D G'EB
M! G' G'B G',B
M A'A G', G'?B
M, @'G A'E A'!B
N! @'E A'! @'@B
N A'! A'A A'EB
N, A'! A'@ A'E
# A A'B A' B
O! ,'G E'D E' B
O D'D @'E @
O, @'@ A' @'GB
= E'@ B'B B'!
P E', E'A E'BB
!" #$%&'()*+) ,-./0-12 3" #$%&'()*+) ,-./0-124
!"#$!% &',
M/3 Q-8>.3 %!R % /. %, 7-55/3Q->0/>. 24S Q-8>.3 38.4T3 345 12 3/7.8-> /> .52U/53
Q2332>. Q25 1/ Q-8>. % :U-85 H8V45/ &'@<' M/ Q-8>. %! /3. .-4W-453 38.4T /> 58U/
V247X/R 1/ Q-8>. % 24 ;818/4 0/ 12 3/7.8-> /. 1/ Q-8>. %, /> 58U/ 05-8./'
!"! #$%&'()*+&#$, #(-./ 0 12 34#&'$3/ 5 67"
!"!" #$%&'( )*'+,
0.135
0.134
J2 P
I
0.133
Q
0.132
0.131 A
H2
0.130
0.129
C2
0.128
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.127

0.126
Cote de la surface libre (m) - SW2D O2
0.125 Cote de la surface libre (m) - SW12D
0.124
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Abscisse (m)
!" #$%&'$ ($ )*+,-.)$/$%&
0.135
0.134
P
0.133
I J2 Q
0.132
0.131 A
H2
0.130
0.129
C2
0.128
0.127

O2
0.125
0.124
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Abscisse (m)
0" 1-2$%%$ 3.' )! 3$,&4-%
!"#$% !8 9 :;<=>=?@:A BC@ D?EAC@ BFC=G ;:BHD?@HC@ <:G> DFCI<H>?CAJC

"K12DKLMB!
!" #$$%&% '( )*+,% -
0.096
100s
200s
0.095
300s
400s
0.094
0.093
0.092
0.091
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.09
1.50 1.70 1.90 2.10 2.30 2.50 2.70
Abscisse (m)
!"#$% '(. / 01234 56 47 891:7;6 4<=16 57>8 46 ?12>@2> A ;6>?16 B C291 " 591D68
56 8<E947?<2> 5<FD16>?68 C291 4G6HCD1<6>;6 -I.J4IKL(
!"! #$%&'()*+&#$, #(-./ 0 12 34#&'$3/ 5 678
!"!# $%&'( )* +,-%.*

0.110
Quatrième Coude
0.105
0.100
0.095
0.090
Charge (m)
0.085
Deuxième Coude
Troisième Coude
0.080
Premier Coude
0.075
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
0.070
0.065
0.060 Charge (m) - SW12D

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00
Abscisse (m)
!"#$% !72 9 :;<=> ?@ ABC;D@ E<?F>GHF I<J; >C A<K=DJ;CLG<K "M12>MN8

!" #$$%&% '( )*+,% -
!"!# $%&'(%& )% *+,%&&%&

!" #$%&'( !" #!)&'(
" *s+ , -, " *s+ , -,
./01 2/3. 2/23. 1/14 2/35 2/202
./66 2/3. 2/231 ./62 2/3. 2/231
./2. 2/34 2/234 ./32 2/3. 2/234
./.0 2/31 2/236 ./74 2/3. 2/231
./42 2/31 2/236 ./3. 2/3. 2/23.
./35 2/3. 2/23. ./.8 2/31 2/236
1/84 2/34 2/234 ./17 2/31 2/231
1/76 2/38 2/203 1/54 2/34 2/235
./2. 2/34 2/234
Vmoy 2/3. 2/23. Vmoy 2/3. 2/23.
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
!" #$%&'%& ( !)%&* +
!" #$%&'( !" #!)&'(

" *s+ , -, " *s+ , -,
7/83 2/01 2/274 6/8. 2/02 2/206
7/86 2/01 2/274 1/22 2/02 2/206
7/84 2/01 2/27. 6/.1 2/03 2/204
7/56 2/0. 2/278 6/.0 2/03 2/205
7/55 2/0. 2/275 1/12 2/35 2/202
7/51 2/0. 2/278 1/66 2/35 2/202
7/41 2/0. 2/263 ./70 2/3. 2/23.
7/82 2/01 2/275 ./01 2/3. 2/23.
7/48 2/0. 2/262 1/.. 2/34 2/238
Vmoy 2/0. 2/275 Vmoy 2/35 2/203
," #$%&'%& ( -.&*$. +
./012212 3m s−1 4 51267812 96 :;00167 3<;=>?6790/;= -@ABC@DEF4(
!"! #$%&'()*+&#$, #(-./ 0 12 34#&'$3/ 5 678
!" #$%&'( !" #!)&'(

" *s+ , -, " *s+ , -,
./01 0/20 0/023 ./34 0/51 0/025
./34 0/51 0/025 4/.0 0/22 0/021
./.3 0/56 0/020 3/17 0/2. 0/037
4/83 0/22 0/026 4/32 0/23 0/035
8/58 0/58 0/058 3/7. 0/27 0/045
8/34 0/58 0/058 4/.7 0/22 0/026
8/51 0/58 0/058 8/.3 0/5. 0/05.
./72 0/57 0/051 7/3. 0/54 0/052
8/53 0/58 0/057
Vmoy 0/56 0/020 Vmoy 0/20 0/028
!" #$%&'%& ( )*)+ ,
!"#$!% !9 : ;<=>??>? @m s−1 A B>?CDE>? FC GH==>CD @IHJKLCDF=<HJ

tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
"M12NMOPQA!
!"!# $%&'(('( )*+,-%(,'(

0.35
Vitesse simulée - SW12D
Vitesse mesurée
0.30 Vitesse simulée - SW2D
V recalc
V moyennée
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
A - lit majeur B - lit mineur C - lit majeur D - lit mineur E - lit mineur F - lit majeur
&'(%)$ !77 : HBRFDF<?HJ Q>? S<=>??>? BHQEN<?E>? >= Q>? S<=>??>? B>?CDE>?
RHCD NF IHJKLCDF=<HJ , "M12NMOPQ 5!
!"#$! %& '()&*)+"
!" #$$%&'(!" )* "&+, -#./0!" $&1% .# 2&03./"#,/&+ 0!" 3'&1.!2!+," !+ %/-/4%!
,#+, 516/." $!1-!+, 7,%! +38./83" 0#+" .# $.#/+! 06/+&+0#,/&+9 :1#+0 '!" #$$%&;/2#<
,/&+" "&+, /+-#./0!"= /. !", >#/, #$$!. #1; 2&04.!" )* ? '#"/!%" &1 #1; 2&04.!" @*9
*#+" .! $%!2/!% '#"= .!" ,%#+">!%," 0! 51#+,/,3 0! 2&1-!2!+, "&+, ,&1,!>&/" +38./83"9
A&1% .# 2&03./"#,/&+ @* 0!" 3'&1.!2!+," !+ %/-/4%!= 1+ 2#/..#8! $%3'/" 01 ./, 2/+!1%
0&/, 7,%! %3#./"3 $&1% 1+! $%/"! !+ '&2$,! '&%%!',! 0! "# ,&$&8%#$(/!9 ! 2#/..#8!
!", 0&+' '&2$&"3 0! 2#/..!" 0! $!,/,! ,#/..! !, .! $#" 0! ,!2$" 0! '#.'1. 0&/, 0&+'
7,%! %301/, $&1% 8#%#+,/% .# ",#B/./,3 01 "'(32# +123%/51!9 C+! 23,(&0! #.,!%+#,/-!
'&+"/",! ? '&1$.!% .!" 2&04.!" )* !, @*9 D!" 2&04.!" )*<@* +! "&+, 83+3%#.!2!+,
$#" '&2$.4,!2!+, "#,/">#/"#+, 0#+" .# 2!"1%! &E "!1." .!" ,%#+">!%," 0! 2#""! !+,%! .!"
2&04.!" "&+, $%/" !+ '&2$,!9 *#+" .! .&8/'/!. $%&$&"3 FG)@*= .! '&1$.#8! !", %3#./"3
!+ /+'.1#+, .! 2&04.! )* 0#+" .! @* !, !+ $%!+#+, !+ '&2$,! .!" ,%#+">!%," 0! 2#""!
!, 0! 51#+,/,3 0! 2&1-!2!+,9 D! >&%2#./"2! $!%2!, 1+! %301',/&+ '&+"/03%#B.! 01
+&2B%! 0! 2#/..!"= !+ '&2$#%#/"&+ ? 1+ 2#/..#8! @* '.#""/51!= !, $#% '&+"351!+, 0!
.# 01%3! 0! "/21.#,/&+9 *!" ,!"," +123%/51!" #/+"/ 51! 0!" !;!2$.!" "1% ,&$&8%#$(/!
%3!..! &+, 3,3 %3#./"3" #-!' 1+ 2&04.! @* '.#""/51! !, FG)@*9 6#$$%&'(! $%&$&"3!
%!$%3"!+,! '&%%!',!2!+, .!" $!%,!" 0! '(#%8! 01!" ? .# "/+1&"/,3 0! .63'&1.!2!+, #/+"/
tel-00490694, version 1 - 9 Jun 2010
51! .!" '&1%,<'/%'1/," 0! 23#+0%!9 A#% #/..!1%"= .!" %3"1.,#," "&+, "1H"#22!+, $%3'/"
$&1% 0!" #$$./'#,/&+" 06/+83+/!%/! '&1%#+,! !, &B,!+1" #-!' 1+ ,!2$" 0! '#.'1. %301/,9
D!.# '&+",/,1! 1+! #23./&%#,/&+ "/8+/I'#,/-! $#% %#$$&%, #1; 2&04.!" )* !, @*9
!"#$! %& )&,-)+"

J+!<0/2!+"/&+#. #$$%&#'(!" $%&-! ,& B! !H'/!+, /+ %/-!% K&L 2&0!../+8 #" .&+8
#" &-!%B#+M K&L '#+ B! +!8.!',!09 G(!+ "1'( #$$%&;/2#,/&+ '#++&, B! 2#0!= &+!<
0/2!+"/&+#. '!..<B#"!0 &% ,L&<0/2!+"/&+#. 2&0!." #%! 1"!09 N&L!-!%= /+ ,(! I%", '#"!=
,(! 2&2!+,12 ,%#+">!%= !""!+,/#. ,& # '&%%!', %!$%!"!+,#,/&+ &> $(!+&2!+# "1'( #"
2!#+0!% "(&%,'1,"= /" +!8.!',!09 O&% @* %/-!% K&L 2&0!../+8= # $%!'/"! 2!"(/+8 &> ,(!
%/-!% B!0 /" %!51/%!0 ,& '&%%!',.P ,#M! ,(! ,&$&8%#$(P /+,& #''&1+,9 Q(! 2!"( '.&"! ,&
,(! %/-!% B!0 /" ,(!%!>&%! '&2$&"!0 &> "2#.. '!.." #+0 ,(! "/21.#,/&+ ,/2!",!$ (#" ,&
B! %!01'!0 ,& /+"1%! ,(! +12!%/'#. "'(!2! ",#B/./,P9 R+ #.,!%+#,/-! #$$%&#'( '&+"/","
/+ '&1$./+8 )* #+0 @* 2&0!."9 S;/",/+8 )*<@* 2&0!." $%&-! +&, ,& B! "#,/">#',&%P
/+ ,(! 8!+!%#. '#"!= "/+'! &+.P 2#"" ,%#+">!% #%! ,#M!+ /+,& #''&1+,= +!8.!',/+8 2&<
2!+,12 ,%#+">!%9 T+ ,(! $%&$&"!0 #$$%&#'(= ,(! '&1$./+8 /" $!%>&%2!0 BP /+'.10/+8 #
)* 2&0!. /+,& ,(! @* 2&0!. #+0 $%&-/0/+8 # >1.. ,%#+">!% &> B&,( 2#"" #+0 2&2!+<
,129 Q(/" >&%2#./"2 #..&L" >&% 0%#",/' %!01',/&+ /+ ,(! +12B!% &> '!.." /+ '&2$#%/"&+
L/,( # @* 2!"(/+8= #+0 ,(1" # "1B",#+,/#. %!01',/&+ &> '&2$1,#,/&+ ,/2!9 U12!%/'#.
,!", '#"!" #" L!.. #" %!#.<L&%.0 #$$./'#,/&+ !;#2$.!" (#-! B!!+ '#%%/!0 &1, >&% B&,(
# '.#""/'#. @* #+0 ,(! $%&$&"!0 )*<@* #$$%&#'(!"9 Q(! $%&$&"!0 #$$%&#'( '&%%!',.P
%!$%!"!+," ,(! (!#0 .&"" 01! ,& '(#++!. B!+0" #" L!.. #" 2!#+0!%/+8 "(&%,'1," $(!+&<
2!+# #+0 $%&-/0!" 8&&0 !+&18( %!"1.," >&% !+8/+!!%/+8 #$$./'#,/&+" L/,( # %!01'!0
'&2$1,#,/&+#. ,/2!9 Q(/" /" ,(!%!>&%! # "1B",#+,/#. /2$%&-!2!+, '&2$#%!0 ,& B&,(
'.#""/'#. )* #+0 @* 2&0!."9

Modélisation Macroscopiaue Des Inondations Fluviales Et Urbaines

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Modélisation Macroscopiaue Des Inondations Fluviales Et Urbaines

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

!"#$%&"'$ ()!

-.!)& /!.%!#+)& 0 123%45&3 6'%7*#73 &' 8(!)!*(&9 :*#!'!5(&9 ;7!3.(&'.&39

#73&'%7& &% 3!"%&'"& "$)(>"&5&'% )& ?@ A!=&5$#& ?BBC

*-./-0 1"!2 345 6)'

!"# $%&'(" !"!##! F'(=&#3(%7 G!'% &))(&# 66 H!I-'.+,#+'%&

! !" 3+4. "" ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ""

!"#$%&'($) *+# ",&-'($)# *+ ./$.-0-'($) .-/ %- 1"'2$*+ *+#

4"1"1 7?*0;-9-+) 0+ , 9-+. *++-; M )('G-(. 0+- T*+- ,- &*(*V

4"3"4 $%( - = V Q)0,- ,- ;' .)(0?)0(- ,-. %?*0;-9-+). )('+.G-(.'0L14!

"#$#$ % &'() *+(,- # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ./$

"#$#0 12345 *( 67,2&( # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ./8

"#$#8 9()-2() *( ! :())() # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ./;

"#$#; < :())() =3*>5 )>() # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ./?

! '!(!')#! 61%%# >#$)!$" ?1#$/" !" @6'/*! A!*!$$!B *!% !$)6-'6$"% -! (6

5#&#1( 1(''( '8D)( %&#) *( 1&%,( %( *& 0$/,)( ?CEFA # GHHI7JKJ3

/01203456 7568129:2/56 75 4;<8=>45?5@: AB 9=>1 456 ?=7C456 >@272?5@62=@@546 5: D

8048>4 56: <J045?5@: 1<0426< 70@6 45 8I092:15 B* $01 40 6>2:5R 40 ?<:I=7=4=J25 75

34-/,$,+ 0& 6.45&6&/, ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "7

!"! !# $%&'()*+ ,-./0/+ 011*%23.+ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 45

A4!'" -"! 4(-43"!

/012+3% &%'$(#)*#+! 4!#*5

!"#$%& '&()*+,-+$. /.+-0

?"#$( *(# 3%)"%4/(#

6U h 7AD7?CA=;A :4 >49;A97 BSA49N q :A B?H<; 9=<;4<7A B4=C :4 B<7AE;<6= OxN r :A

Ox I7ACDAE;<GA8A=; Oy ON t :4 E667B6==?A BA ;A8DC A; x A; y :AC E667B6==?AC

! !" #$%& ""

=A0>62.1, /+ &>216EQ+1>16! (+, =A0>62.1, <=,.40+, +6 4> 3=68./+ /+ ->4-04 ,.16

∂S ∂h Ao,i + Ao,i+1 hn+1

t n+1 n+1 n+1

!"#$% ! , &-./01 23 01455167 893: 51 24;-:/<4;1<49= 27 5>/?31<49= 27 -9=;7:@

!"#$% !+ , &-./01 23 01455167 893: 51 24;-:/<4;1<49= 27 5>/?31<49= 27 -9=;7:@

! !"! #$%&'()$%*)$+, -. /0(12*)$+, -. &+,%.'3*)$+, -. /* 12*,)$)(

"4<<4 H;B8?2-<3;/ ,4B84< 54 6-26?24B 2- 8-<B364 R-6;:34//4 A 4< 2- 6020B3<0 54.

;M λ− 4< λ+ B4,B0.4/<4/< 24. 6020B3<0. 59;/54.@ u 2- D3<4..4

5-/. ?/4 53B46<3;/ ;,,;.04 8-3. A 2- 8N84 D3<4..4! %/ B0-23<0@ 64 ,70/;8O/4

!" #$%&'()*+$, )(*-%,)*+.- /$'% (- %01+&- *$%2

!"#$% !" # $%&'()*&+ ,- '. /0'01*)0 ,-2 &+,-2 -+ 3&+/)*&+ ,( +&451- ,-

! !"!# $%&'()*)+( ,)- .&- )+ %/0'*) (1%%)+(')2

6L ;2 029>2 f 92=9432702 ,72 -6780/67 14=271.70 1, 76>H92 12 M96,12 Fr! (.

(. -6780/67 f =2,0 ?092 14G7/2 12 12,A >.7/@923 1/N4927023 32;67 ;2 8O6/A 12

31%*42&('1+ 5&% ,/6&4( 31%*42&('1+

!"#$!% !* Q $4G7/0/67 12 ;. -6780/67 f (Fr) =6,9 R/S2 **

31%*42&('1+ 5&% ,/6&4(! "2002 -69>,;.0/67 230 T ;D69/</72 1D,7 86>=6902E

20 3/4 -6/3 ;. C/02332 12 =96=.<.0/67 123 67123 12 =9233/673 c! (2 86>=6902>270

!"#$%&'(!) &%'*")&'(+*, -45 6789:;<=>74 <;=584<=>?5 @5895= A ;B:=>;>C<=5:8

D5 =8<4C@78= D5 CJD>954=C 7: D5 @7;;:<4=C+ .5:E 9J=N7D5C D5 F<;F:; D>PJ854=5C

∂SEQ ∂Q ∂St ∂xF P ∂xF P

∂U Uin+1 − Uin U n+1 − Ui+1

!" #$%&'%() *) +! *%,'$-.%,!.%/& .)0(/$)++) 1" #$%&'%() *) +! *%,'$-.%,!.%/& ,(!.%!+)

!"#$% *3 4 %567869: ;< =8>?@A ;: %5:6==@A77 <B6C6=? ;A7= #)"D($E

:B8*F* /A C67?A56B? :=B GHB:7<: :7 A99C6I<A7B CA B:8>76I<: ;?J:CG99?: 9A5 %5:6==D

/:= 8G7;6B6G7= A<W C6@6B:= 9:5@:BB:7B ;RGHB:765 C: @X@: 7G@H5: ;R?I<AB6G7=

/A SG78B6G7 ;: B5A7=6B6G7 f ?BA7B ;?\76: 9A5 `

!"#$% !+ , -./0123/4 56 07 8909:329 56; /456; 64 </4823/4 51 4/=>:6 56

56; /456; 574; 0G98/106=642! (G6HA:6;;3/4 56 A 62 56; 8909:329; 5G/456; A/1:

234567 8796 :73; <)

! !" #$%$ &'()

.7 A4>?H?7A %;?; 2A4Y 7;8 59 A4>?H?7A 67 @46=A?;G8?49 59?6?@79;?4997AA7 67;

!"#$% !" # $%&'()*&+ ,- '. /0'01*)0 ,-2 &+,-2 -+ 3&+/)*&+ ,( +&451- ,-

=-))- .881&>*4.)*&+ 2- 108-1/()- .( +*%-.( ,( /.'/(' ,- '. 4.)1*/- ?./&5*-++-

:8EAM83 75 6E43AA3 ;3 :9?:5C54E?> ;3A ?>;3A 58CF3>43 563@ 73 >?FJ93 ;3 K9?8;3*

! !" #$%&'()*$% +$(, '-) &$.-) /0

!" #$%&' %& ()*(+* ,

-.!)& /!.%!#+)& 0 123%45&3 6'%7#73 &' 8(!)!(&9 :*#!'!5(&9 ;7!3.(&'.&39

!"#$%&'($) +# ",&-'($)# + ./$.-0-'($) .-/ %- 1"'2$+ +#

4"1"1 7?0;-9-+) 0+ , 9-+. ++-; M )('G-(. 0+- T+- ,- &(*V

! '!(!')#! 61%%# >#$)!$" ?1#$/" !" @6'/! A!!$$!B *!% !$)6-'6$"% -! (6

5#&#1( 1(''( '8D)( %&#) ( 1&%,( %( & 0$/,)( ?CEFA # GHHI7JKJ3

!"! !# $%&'()+ ,-./0/+ 011%23.+ ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 45

/012+3% &%'$(#)#+! 4!#5

! !"! #$%&'()$%)$+, -. /0(12)$+, -. &+,%.'3)$+, -. / 12*,)$)(

!" #$%&'()+$, )(-%,)+.- /$'% (- %01+&- $%2

!"#$% !" # $%&'()&+ ,- '. /0'01)0 ,-2 &+,-2 -+ 3&+/)*&+ ,( +&451- ,-

! !"!# $%&'())+( ,)- .&- )+ %/0') (1%%)+(')2

31%42&('1+ 5&% ,/6&4( 31%42&('1+

!"#$%&'(!) &%'")&'(+, -45 6789:;<=>74 <;=584<=>?5 @5895= A ;B:=>;>C<=5:8

!" #$%&'%() ) +! %,'$-.%,!.%/& .)0(/$)++) 1" #$%&'%() ) +! %,'$-.%,!.%/& ,(!.%!+)

:B8F /A C67?A56B? :=B GHB:7<: :7 A99C6I<A7B CA B:8>76I<: ;?J:CG99?: 9A5 %5:6==D

!"#$% !" # $%&'()&+ ,- '. /0'01)0 ,-2 &+,-2 -+ 3&+/)*&+ ,( +&451- ,-

=-))- .881&>4.)&+ 2- 108-1/()- .( +%-.( ,( /.'/(' ,- '. 4.)1/- ?./&5*-++-

!" #$%&' %& ()(+ ,

!"!# $%&' # ()+ $,') ($

!"!# $%&'()+%& ,%)- (. '%/.* 0

!" #$%&' %& ()(+ ,-. -

!"!#!$ %&'()&' +, )-., /0)1'+12+ 3'4/

!"!#!# $%&'(%)'%+, - -.)%' /,'(/ 0%1/ 22 /' 0%1/ 2

!" #$%$ &' ()%$ &'+ %,,-./'+ %01 2-(03'+ 456+

!"! !# $%&'()+ ,-&,)&-./ &- +%&)/0%. (1-,/( 23). 4%5&67( 2( 80(9

!"! ! $%&'()+ ,-&,)&-./ ).( +%&)/0%. -44%,<;( 2) 4*%5&67( 2(

!"! !# $%&'()+ ,-./0/+ 011%23.+

!"!# $%&'( () +,-.( /(' .(%,(' '+0%(

!"!#!$ %&'()+ +, -., /0.1'2)33.20+, 4)5 !"# $%&! !'( 6

/Q=6N59;?F<3 01,$!2 #,.3 4,5#678%,(, !8' A95A54@ A=9 /3K3H83 S ZU A39J

! !- #$%&' () ./&'0$01 () 2/3))'0 (&'+ %& ($4)50$2' Ox ! ! ! ! ,

,-./+0% &%'$(#)#+! 1!#2

F M8C=8D9 NDO G:>7 @: GF98C=F<> Ox

!" #$%&'())+,( -. /,(/'0) -' /,.012'

! ! "#$%& '( )%&+#+, '( -./(-(&+ '%&0 $% '#1(2+#.&

! !3 "#$%& '(0 4.12(0 %55$#),(0 % 6*#'(

! !"!# $%&'()+), -, ( ./01, ,2,01%, 3*0 (, 3/4-&

! !"!" #$%&'()(+ ,+% -./0+% ,+ 1/+%%2.

! !" #$%&'()+ +)%+ ,)-./ ('01-&2/

! !" #$%&'&()+ ,-. $/0&()+. 12 -( 32

! !" #$%&'()+ +)%+ ,)-./ 0(12-/'(/33/