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Rectifier Reverse Switching Performance PDF
Rectifier Reverse Switching Performance PDF
Series 302
by Kent Walters, Corporate Applications Engineer
Rectifier
responding “catch” diodes, they rectifier is shown in Figure 1.
also serve as protective voltage When forward current is switched
clamps in parallel to sensitive or ramped down at some high rate
Switching
good forward recovery ideal stop. Instead the current
characteristics in tfr and VFRM may briefly reverses its flow and
continues until a peak overshoot
Performance
also be needed.
occurs. It will then diminish
The industry generally identifies a thereafter to near zero (IR). During
Basic rectifier diode features were rectifier as “fast” if it is rated with the brief reverse current flow, the
described in MicroNote 301. reverse recovery of 500 ns or less anticipated high reverse blocking
These included average forward (≈ 1/10 that of standard rectifiers). voltage across the rectifier does
current IO, working peak reverse If further improved to 100 ns or not start appearing until the
voltage VRWM, reverse current IR, less, it is often termed “ultrafast”. reverse current peak occurs. This
breakdown voltage V(BR), forward Low current small signal diodes delay can also significantly affect
voltage VF, forward current IF, and with 10-100 volt VRWM are in the trr the switching energy in other
forward surge current IFSM. For range of 0.75 to 5 ns. Medium to components that must still support
many low frequency applications, high current ultrafast rectifiers are voltage when rectifier current is
these parameters are adequate in available in a range of 15 to 60 ns reversed.
selecting rectifiers. as voltage rating is increased from
50 to 800 volt VRWM operation. As in most semiconductor
As switching speeds or frequency Rectifiers with voltages of 1000 to components, voltage response is
of operation increase well beyond 1500 volts are also available in the current driven. In rectifiers,
400 Hz, rectifiers can become range of 100 ns. voltage versus time is dependent
inefficient or notably handicapped on how long it takes for stored
to a variety of applications unless The reverse recovery time of a charge in forward current injected
designed and selected with added rectifier can best be understood by minority carriers near the pn
performance features. This is most viewing the rate of decreasing junction to be swept out or
often given in terms of reverse current in the forward conducting recovered as current flow is
recovery time trr. Applications direction and how quickly reversed. In Figure 1, this process
may include switched mode power thereafter it effectively stops eventually peaks in charge removal
supplies or others requiring high current flow. When switched in rate or the peak reverse recovery
speed rectifier response. In these this manner, the typical current current IRM(REC) before a depletion
examples, rectifiers are often flow and voltage response of a region forms and the rectifier
expected to respond as ideal begins supporting reverse voltage.
switches or “one-way-current-flow
valves” to meet functional circuit trr
requirements when subjected to IF
di/dt ta tb
forward and reverse voltage
environments. High speed IR
rectifiers best approach this ideal 0.10 IRM(REC)
or
by minimizing switching energy 0.25 IRM(REC)
losses and heat that can otherwise VF IRM(REC)
be generated in other circuit
components and in switching VR
rectifiers themselves. In other VRM(REC)
applications needing fast Figure 1. Typical Rectifier Response for Reverse Recovery
require longer reverse recovery peak and ends where reverse
time to switch. If IO and VF current
conduction losses result in higher decays to a specified level (see