Ver We, Coderdus 3 Naulahon. Fanchonala :- a An Sntegeot {Ferny d de whic, cssimes x definite value mu Fer the fandion on q he Ype ye sou w cated a funchonal The Batler! sexy). a A Beas condition by Taf Feu iy doc bs be an evemum i 2] S wat 4g [Pe ay al 3) +o —® Dt & called eulleré -a5n. Offer formes 4 Ballers gn! ‘4 (f834) ~2t oo de dy’ ox 2-2t oy —y 282 Roe 6 *g Ox2y° dy ay! ay"® Bachan fe Inclopordent: “x! The Fuller age f-y)3t <= coretant - Dy) J. wchen $18 Independent BY! Te Enla asm 4? 2k =conslont - oy Ss ethen 9 2 Irina aot ay! The Pues egn uo at Poo 6 ~ hen Sis indiperctent $ y! The Faller 2gn ud —~ gor r= bi Sint2 3Q “> ¥ Camel, lec) sinca DO. There exists Topeiely wary value for Crt C2 TH waht ch fancKeredl Yr sin Cxtcs) Ps an eschernal fo. thas, the go es no unique solalen . “fast for on =] A (oy) <0, Auta oe =a, a 2420yY0Tohepead Prveeiag “no JuncRong Oa Yn TE nd = fkloyngs Youngs uy, oud) alee, ou Tan tow Peessary Condn') T Jo be DAM ey (o> oF min) > te). al é . Cr Se he fandhna J Pera Subject Fe y (od <4 onda has Akg ue ererornal “sai Let f= a Lg? “Fe Caley ogo 2 = gg gl) = constant Cer) f= yPag™ =c Rice ery® ag. eer ye ax i = fax Semy? vokT Ax Vor3* sin! (Yla) <2 rem dlet = ain (xter) " Gla) > FeamadeOx aly = = doe V oa tag Tategeating on beth sides Settee So Sin | A Sty ot AY esinextca) a gia © -sleitsevegy a sey Noten fee TT] f peg -fiyeey Ax yn ’ be POegiy!) = ty! ty Fie atten eqn 3 sot oe cons Yat \"yy by! * oe-ay! ay go Ve C= Less ay = tt ax a = Clee. a? Habeguantng orm both sidesay Fd He entewath 4 fenthenal T (goer) =f yy ay Aare de. xo lek sayy hg . oonlind ON = tI as CF= pe tBe Feding pr Fed the evhernal gvfy co) ~ f tytgay aredee . To de fay oy!) ay gr-ry SX - The Culler -ayn isgee SAE dy = Le

ginler—cagta =o > OF 4.28 oo aha fen ay de ay" ae an 3) “= Bz —4 (ay!) ay-d (22) ax Ax ey -2e"se zy 30) pz -ayl=e yy whe z' Rom 0 « @ wy g"-y oe Yyro"id=o ' 210). owxillany 90! ro"-1 20 olay rere) why met] mens mat Jo GeX+ pe 7 )& Ceeesx + bsinx ) Ai fess Rating too t x , X pe) + Cosine tO esx) tfort x! ( AeX+ Be %) + lees 2c -~O sine) ‘, na fz Gay ytey =o > yo) HCAIBD4EEse > © YyCthd =~1 Te aa => ght) =< Ae “Be AP-l sO => Zle) eo . OtB-¢=0o _> o> al™)=!Jay < Jerre. eat og J Leex%p) sea Tha gareed dol O76 * ten = Sy athe Sbolght fine ?s the Ghorlest AB- bln a Pls ima plana Let Cony) and (22145) be oe Pls Poa plane and Sbe the length 9 tho are Conpnacting rem, moe te S=f ds Pa s- fing? ae. ay Hee }t2oy ey!) Wing The fale epn nop f ¥ oo | ft Seige 8! RE = cr dy! wt Lg Vig y= acey? ) YP Cec =¢y Pe. Gs. ceas, oforee™ du de eJorre™ efart 2 dy TC Viene™ 20) = [fers 2 da us Fla ee doe otag'™ (inc?) Bae? 2” = orc? \-e= =! = ae Niqck dz — = as de adice™ mm LY a ex ez = 20_‘da yeeyagi yh = coma taut - Piay™ ggg I J ley!® ¢ Jaye ayeeniayl™ gre ereesy ay! Pega yond ey a yr =cut) gy te Cen ly HOR = cel » Be = ae Moy ha® eos h(i) Mee en a , - Yla ses —, cr ; yor cosh (2 ri The Sgn g Cutie ak catenciuy \gn y mh Bind he cmvenah J Cayo oy Spelt) ls exponeac ephfhor’ weloyee, BCA) ket Ferg Baye Be doo dapendanl on q Junchons Yayer), B= Zeer) An 7 Core te Cette eon jh ~ wy aa ii =e, 40AX Oto a C-2y") -0- ax 2 eaad4y st Aax3 1 Fi the exhonals 9g. the farebma) VEycxi] ~ fing) di. “oe qt. Fettg Bes ylod-o, SE uo, BE ce, SP eggs yltor as, dy ay) dy! si qe, . Euler 5m ee ai" gito=y, H-AG tatry! ax "fe = o-e+ 4A? (ayn) siege oct Otitis en © YH LIA CO Ler +04 3O. é zy Glo) Horo wey (ees) applying Be In @ w= Oo +e bts ep ¢ ae @—_ =("h) =p A hyee™ aire ay @. a+©, =D 2A4 AB a0 A=-8 © «@- ane ay ee Lg, A Cet a by oe, Pro B-0 c=o o=-l 4 = Sink B= Biot Cyeodesic Dt & veguived fo deheamfne the shortest Jeng fennecing a gr pi ona Suita Ploy ze). A Yeodesic & a teuve % Shor test \eng 8 on ago suitace a a pls on tue Scenface _ Fit tre Geotoic on aight dealer eglindsy 9g radtas a’, The 250 4 Ate ryt chrealoe tylinder ¢ tadlPus G? woae gr by Yo Co cose yadindg 2/024 can, ~ @e2ece Bog tae lying on Me Sutface bas tte eqn'y qe form Ge) Gay Gah > e 2 (a Spur t Cacosu)e + farsa) +EFind tre Bo eqn) by TLucngy | =J feu + Uyt) dedy eshue, ste Values ZH cue prescslbecl am the boundauy F the Domain Fe Ux? + Uy* oF =o da oF = aun Ode BF =a, - 20, s Theufore, the €0 iy! as * sg = = s (Sia) 3 ay (sti, )=° 0-2, Cave) 2, (avy )=0 Nora 2g ~ i Dore ~2 Ugg =? “J Owse Usy 20 aru, 8 Lo dx2 2g" wuro. ~ ai. Find the oxbemals 3 T]= C9) J~ SE ae | (= +2(28) 2 2 f (ay) de ‘dy. wohue fOoy) 2 a Known funchan Pe Ba oe + aa + 2B - 2 2 (#0495) oF =~g feaoy oe OF ets 6 te dbx (25 dey see Oeax =e ~ a yyAa Zamute Rene) te exbhrerral 9% tundiona| Te FH = Catosuy asina, 29 SPa St = (artosuyasinay mute) whith Ba aight helevid. bene, 5 8 te geederics on Pe oAght Prevder ty linder Fonehonet! Bependuct ery Nigher ondee clesivalives Th butler Polson yn gn by Fy ~ dFy) ge 3 WY a a Fytad? Pyle tte 3® LF ytd £6 At get ax? aa Ae te Te freayiy ytd 2 tebe Statooay ushih the ou Presuibed. Beoundauy conditions ¥(21) = Hyiry (x2 Je garg lane gis ty lees rege, The Cather ayn u8 SF 25) “20 ag an (a = (20 ‘fete ower the Cellet Poisons, €30 dor tre functional v yews] = ey foey 9" ve ne Fiz aoey — 9!” oS ge es) oF Fe aoyy aye ay! oF aeay" ae ay” =e 2% ag" =e J ub io tall 250 Balle, ego FA- A ed te 9) 2 Oz det Aaa2, Jreznte 2g 2 Zag) ME BF i 2ay It 2x"t Zp —Zy Uweetep Fb rey? IM exh ey? -O» Ihaet4 Zy™ Bex (It Zx%. ZY set Sie (ae Bit Bagg Cit ete wat) 29 Ct Baht ay Ph Crt zee + ap 5h - (Zoe t Bay) C14 Bax t 2g?) Cee t By?) 0. ( Fax t Zyy) Clit za%4 zy) =C Fx Variational Problems us?th Moving Bouundasics mo Conai den se ffeoug hx xe Coe 1+) Suppase that the end pons Cxorye) and Caer) mre fines wewees BETZ Han he eons, Br “Me on @) verheal i apap" { 22) oe BFL = Eller -29n = 4 [ar \ =o dy! t= oar), 2, ag aaa “the above & condition# cus tolled He patcual boundaw corditens Cove @: (mixro) ease) !- Suppate Cxoiyo) 9s Rasd and tary) moves He tun tre Constant fn tre balla en SON be plot by te following ling =X Condibons - ry) mare ¥ eye if PS 0. ‘ (35) Ken! S on (092) % Jreod and tre “ighe boundouy Camu se oe . nee ch Wha cave Ye PE Han fhe twansveuatily ¢ondn’s © Nes aF Boge by [EE CFE So Syn 742 applying Bin © gttey rotet ls = > Ls] Brplyng se tn @ Seay 10) oa flies git ete Alot atee. 20 2 © Aching nr © Crt BC, ws 7 a Ci43c2 =o => @ Sols 7 ©2@ => ¥ ~ oto+z +0 p47 Foe tion prs Dependenr ON Functions °F Stveeer Ife pewpenD VeRimees The Evdor ~Oshragva daty egr 2F 2 far) _ 9 2F\ da Ox be) ag ling Th nedified Culhey — Qshegradsey gn x Latour] = SS vee ya dx. 2 (OF 5 fap a DF yas J (+ e ae = G2 fa) yet Uxx. Nis al a axae Find! the teuve on wohich the extremum J the fu Te ftytye) dee. Wled~o can he Achiowd Y He second bounctay pe Pemitted to move etlong He At Jin, x= Tf, Fe yey OF say. oy 2B 2 aay! ay’ sub Fr Bulla gn Py BEY ai: oe My ay 4 4 say! eo. aytay"co yaty"=°- ytp*419 2. Ausillary |gn) mrt] =o matt Ye Prose +B Shorey Prplying Be tor =e s Fe prabere en 79 “The = natwial Be at ‘ Ze oy! J X= ty ° oF <2, by! way'so, ~2Btesa =o, 2 Bes T]y=o,Stn ar = 4 Boy: . cae “ : Thawtore 1 the EO esn u® SF 3 /0F \ 2 /2F) +2? [25 \ 2” PF 3) se a am ae ee) ey lo dxe2 (2 2x Tei) Sa im. watlayy) 2 Ot 2 (a exx) 926s tay Ht 2 C4 rage Oe ‘aye ary =z: oan’ A paayy t 2 uy Bf Cxy), Noles Ty fexmyeo rthan te above eqn: reduce te . wiaese. Find the Suthaw g minlroum aud Shedd over a gn dosed curve cy enclosing tne doretin D Fo tha *Y Plane The Problem hee Rs to detamine the exhemals % te fanckera| Pp Lz emuyje JJ 22° Fey ole dy Fe Ji zkd ey? 2F 20 oe AEe seal pals Vitex eg? Sete vey” oF 4 — ee Oey lla eet FY Jfaedre the 0 2h & or BF \ -o. OE me (23) -2 (33, oe 3x ae Eo j= fips “ey pe =e TTF ex 2The puohlern fs Io sfihd tra xhemal gh fo Pye. fragt Ae. Subject to tre conn!) that tre left end 9 ate Stine moles along the tarye gp coh the right cod o> the pt 65) FF Indupondane Yay! The solo Boy" 2°p yt me be. gy! . oy! ey! / pA doa y"=0- t eena't| yoo ny gyre tee ©. Now BE end C195) i Baad) and Ve salisfiet on Se -4te SO! mage tie. ght ena cx ongQtetates, 227 om af = Croc Peagle gyre emitis 22 gie Ver OO. , Ni ronsvesso. = ae ext peo --Hre 4 tgs) 2E zal, F iyi met poke Gt A ta!) 2F pt cerry ay! or Suey CPty > sag reyes Ce yng roQuse 4) as TP the lett ieerdasy Y= Ptr) Hen the Wansversalily emdn ; So F+ CY 4g") 28 co and must be Sabsded at the 9 Pt (xeryo) tan move olong the featve Pt Cxoiyo), ey Git He exrremal 3 v Lycay J = J Cyt a2 ax. we Fe Iby Sgt a oF 6 ay 3 SF 2-ay!l du Saks fn Eullené -egn . Fy ~ ary) 4a% Tyee. ax xt Boy ot d® “(_ay*) ~© lan way —2y!! 20 , a coo) ley yme gy? 2 ley, { (pie) <0 Peoillanty een, pet 1b =O mais . m= #4 mete mom f2e ye (per%400 ~%) + Ceeosart Dsmrx) (per® + Be 7%) + Cteosee + Dain 2 =x )swe FeRM OF FuncTioneL (rsopee Merete PROBLEMS) ConsTRAWS IN xa o] 8 Casoy bo te contr’ D- dey Feyen ge angliiy™ Then H=p+ AG be gt oe Or aging ah «any tan ato” early +mliag? 7 an py) =_= anny t Ge )—2B ae heufore the Selubon aa] ot Float ; He Nansvesalilie tondition for tha farcheonal ve ftneara) Vinghy doe : Dt -— Fe A e704) diage re Aliny” OF = oy'A ag? aliag = fg! Via for honsversality Ai tenes [Foca wae oa) aJng? + Coky') Ay! 0 veg a Cit yey + OF g') fy” leo, A+py + o'Ay' Ay" Lee p £o edly! 5 g The sos tat cohieh Ba condition doo orthogonally, Ffrol tre Shortest ol8 lance bluo the pt (Hs Petrolola y?=~ - JY and theot ey Pe OCe ey AJA WEY? @ ete tC AA RY» ete bu)™ ryt. Coet ert A Gry 4 gt= 44% Cte yt aah 2 The gn 43 | he fom Cocmar ety bh - oy) whouw tantre g ceuch Caib) anc nodius B ™. Cero) and radius 3 cele & Bnd hoe the Ceon'we PE 29 on ReyLeign -Ritz mMeTHeD!: foniidee tha gual Secone! Order general Remeat -2gn. Aotxd y"t asad ylt Ae Cady — PX) “mal [Leexd gt] ty cxay = Alle DO. ieee b bak LD =f Fexyry!d- dx > O- ° i ; B yluce hare Diffeanation and Integiakrg the above gn wrt y 49 b w, TD LyexsT et FE gab qty Yeats) ‘yJ-ax — a twill be “fhe Corresponcting Nasiakonal © Pasblem “the cepproxinnabs Sdeton Jor He abow VariaHonal Preble sill be 9, the fore. n goes Xi evi cx), al The 8]m eeoien) & crtled the S}m g toordinelke fo. the ethidionts ory nin sss Se eae Cecen ddl ange GordAT ag lyl=o, wT Gt) = VE: plo =, cxey he $= a= on gles. a et Na = avr QV) +0 So @ > s=-c140 S=2Vei tO 3ub Im cen @ Yai = OVE It SD VR Vx) Cia2) = -2VE-X) AS —2VRy (Ry Cited = N&R MIs +e oC tax) +3) -F -O oy Canim 4 axy ta) aE AO Ache enix) ase Solving the 25" Del, 2 when wie) poe= Bees? taut Cie) C229 4 Coe) +4 ce Cine) 4 C09 = Oh 4 26, 8C 1-094 27C6eP eH!) t4 bx Cl-ed+ CI-0>* ‘ -J [che Far ceXci-cd4 2* C5e* vert) +4 Cx C10) teres” Jat ° = etxS4 2ctieoxr4 Cect co & 3 x ADI A CCR Y eit 2 le me eit ay =. 4 &e* 34) oo +e 4 3 2 RO® & Che = So fb? tise. AS02460 6 % fe é ectlo tbo0e —boe% +1 rete? ] : a. are [Ae +53 wy Da BoP 483 caw Bo 3D ot, tees dc s we cn s3 % Yomtex Cra) yo ets xex-t) 9 © 3b Eract sol, , ; a bt I be equal to [trtraras ° but b T- [eta aee ay weedy] dee es ee a . an6) Bal FEED oy WD <1, Uren In? > > mtwder, aled= 2) water =O, fo dit: op 8 . [roy J+ le) 3 Ned Loyd! + try -e