PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS WITH DEHYDRATION

Predisposing: Predisposing:
 Extreme ages  Contaminated food & water
 Poor sanitation
 Poor food preparation
 Malnutrition

Etiology: bacterial/viral

Ingestion of contaminated food/water

Pathogens enter GIT

Hematophagy Interrupted normal intestinal flora activity

Mild nail pallor
Mild conjunctival pallor
Iron depletion Slightly poor CRT Pathogens release endotoxins

Secondary iron deficiency anemia

Stimulation of mucosal Invasion & destruction of
lining of intestine mucosal lining of intake

Decreased O2-binding
capacity of RBC
Inhibits sodium Increased H2O & Irritation of
reabsorption electrolyte secretion intestinal mucosa

Hypoxemia
Iron depletion
Tenesmus Altered digestion bleeding ulceration Abdominal
Decreased tissue oxygenation (to excrete pathogens) & reabsorption pain

Increased peristalsis Hyperactive

Bowel
Weight loss
Respiration shifts to anaebolic hematochezia
sound weakness

Diarrhea
Lactic acid formation

Lactic acidosis Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

Skin dryness (-) tears

Dehydration Dry oral mucosa sunken eyeballs
Poor skin turgor

Decreased circulating fluid volume

Dehydration Dehydration

Decreased renal perfusion

Decreased GFR Released of renin from juxtaglomerular apparatus

Renin combines with angiotensinogen (liver)

Decreased urine
output
Forms Angiotensin I

Scanty urine
Angiotensin I is converted to Angiotensin II by the
ACE (pulmo & renal epithelium) in the blood

ADH secretion Aldosterone Vasoconstriction

secretion (increased sensitivity to catecholamines)

Increased urine concentration

Dark-colored urine

@farr_awaaaay