‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 (5-1)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،  ‫א‬    ، 
     K‫א‬      ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K J1
 K‫א‬ J2
 K J3
 E‫א‬F J4
 K‫א‬ J5
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F J J‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE5%F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -‫أ‬
 K (I2 R)‫א‬‫א‬ -‫ب‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬(5-2)
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
     K      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
- ٦٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
‫א‬   F  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬
K‫א‬(5.1)‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
+

Motor

Load 1 Load 2

 ‫א‬‫א‬E5.1F‫א‬

Load 1 230 v
+
-
Generator + 460 v
-
Load 2 230 v

-
 ‫א‬E5.2F‫א‬

Load 1 Motor
230 v
-
+

230 v Load 2

-
 ‫א‬‫א‬E5.3F‫א‬

- ٦٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬(5.3)‫א‬(5.2)‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (5-3)

  (5-3-1)
A-F  (5.4A)‫א‬ K‫א‬   (5-4A) ‫א‬
  (i1,i2,i3,i4) ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬  A    EB
 (I1,I2,I3,I4)  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  (C,D,E,F) ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬   A   ‫א‬   (r1,r2,r3,r4)  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K(R1, R2, R3, R4 )EC,D,E,FF
،‫א‬E‫א‬Z‫א‬F
 WA-B‫א‬‫א‬

VAB = I1 r1 + I 2 r2 + I 3 r3 + I 4 r4 (5 -1)

 ‫א‬

I1 = i1 + i2 + i3 + i4
I2 = i 2 + i3 + i 4 (5 - 2)
I3 = i3 + i 4
I4 = i4
:‫( ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ اﻵﺗﻲ‬3-2) ‫( و‬3-1) ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻴﻦ‬

VAB = (i1 + i2 + i3 + i4)r1 + (i2 + i3 + i4)r2 + (i3 + i4)r3 + (i4) r4

- ٦٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  

VAB = i1R1 + i2 R2 + i3 R3 + i4 R4 (5-3)

(5-3) ‫א‬
 K ‫א‬(5-3)‫א‬(5-1)‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Z A-B‫א‬
  A‫א‬‫א‬
 
  E‫א‬
 
VAB = [i1R1 + i2 R2 + i3 R3 ]+ [i4 + i4 +i5 ….] R3 (5-4)

 

E‫א‬Z E‫א‬
  E‫א‬H
 W(5-3)(5-1)‫א‬
V AB = ρ ∑ I i l i (5 − 5 )
A
ρ
V AB = Α ∑ i i L i (5 − 6 )

 
 EΩ. mF‫א‬‫א‬Zρ
 Em2)‫א‬ZA
  (mF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z li
 EAF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ZIi
  (A)K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Zii

- ٧٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  

R4

R3

R2

R1
I1 I2 I3
I4
A C E F B
r1 r2 D r3 r4
i2 i3 i4
i1
‫(اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬5.4A)

current

I1
I2
I3
I4

‫(اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬5.4B)
Voltage

I4 r4

VAB I1 r1 +i2 r2 +I3 r3

I1 r1 +i2 r2
I1 r1

 
  (5.4C)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5.4F‫א‬
 
- ٧١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
 K‫א‬‫א‬(5.4C)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(5.4B)‫א‬
 

 E1F
‫א‬‫א‬،A 300 m‫א‬، ،A-B 
  A‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬  A‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF  EF
30 40 C
40 100 D
100 150 E
50 250 F
 
K AB‫א‬K10 V‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ρ=1.78x10-8 Ω.m‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W(5.5)‫א‬‫א‬
R4
250 m

R3
150m

R2
100 m
R1
40 m

A C D E F B

i1 30 A i2 40 A i3 100A i4 50 A
(5.5) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 

- ٧٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
VAB = i1R1 + i2R 2 + i3R 3 + i4R 4  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
VAB= 2(i1R1 + i2R 2 + i3R 3 + i4R 4 )  ‫א‬

R AC=R1 =ρ L = 1.78 x10 x 40

−8
Ω
A A
ρ
R AD=R 2 = = L 1.78 x 10 −8
x100 Ω
A A
R AE=R 3 =ρ L =1.78 x10 x150
−8
Ω
A A
R AF=R 4 =ρ L =1.78 x10 x 250
−8
Ω
A A
ρL ρL ρL ρL
VAB(max) =2[ 1 i1 + 2 i2 + 3 i3 + 4 i4 ]
A A A A
ρ
= 2 [ L1i1 + L2i 2 + L3i3 + L4i4 ]
A
−8
= 2 x 1.78 x 10 [ 30 x 40 + 40 x 100 + 100 x 150 + 50 x 250]
A
−8
10 = 2 x1.78 x10 x 32700
A
A = 1.164 x10− 4 m2
= 1.164 cm2

  ‫א‬(5-3-2)
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (5.6B) ‫א‬K(5.6a)‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  (5.6B) ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  (5.6C)
‫א‬(5.6C)‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KD‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

- ٧٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
V1
I1 I2 I3 I4 V1
C D E
A B
r1 r2 r3 r4
i1 i2 i3

‫(اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬5.6A)
Current

I1

I2

I3
‫(ﺷﻜﻞ‬5.6B)
I4

Voltage

I1r1+I2r2
I3r3+I4r4
I1r1
I4r4

  (5.6C)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (5.6)‫א‬

- ٧٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
 E2F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1000 m‫א‬ F1F2 
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K       ‫א‬ ،F1 ‫א‬  
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ρ= 1.764x 10-6Ω.cm‫א‬‫א‬ 0.35 cm2‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬
920 850 800 700 600 500 250 100
 EFF1

 ‫א‬‫א‬
15 10 30 40 70 50 80 20
EF
 

 ‫א‬
  (5.7)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KI F1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K (5.7)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

I I-20 I-100 I-150 I-220 I-260 I-290 I-300 I-315

F1 100 m 150 m 250 m 100 m 100 m 100 m 50 m 70 m 80 m F2

20 A 80 A 50 A 70 A 40 A 30 A 10 A 15 A

 (5.7)‫א‬
 

  W
  VF1F2 = 0 ‫א‬F1F2‫א‬
 

ρ l 1.764 x10 x100 -68 -  ‫א‬‫א‬

R1 = A = 0.35

R 2 = 2 X 5.04 X10 =10.08 x10   ‫א‬

-4 −4
Ω/m



- ٧٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  

VF1F2 = 0 = ρ ∑ li Ii
Α
=10.8 x10−4[100 I+ 150(I− 20) + 250(I−100) + 100(I−150)
+ 100(I− 220) + 100(I− 260) + 50(I− 290) + 70(I− 300)
+ 80(I− 315)]

1000 I =151700  
I =151.7  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(5.7)‫א‬151.7AI‫א‬
  K(5.8)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

151.7 131.7 51.7 1.7 A 68.3 108.3 138.3 148.3 163.3

100 m 150 m 250 m 100 m 100 m 100 m 50 m 70 m 80 m

20 A 80 A 50 A 70 A 40 A 30 A 10 A 15 A

  (5.8)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، F1F2‫א‬‫א‬ A‫א‬
 WA

A‫א‬ = R2 ∑li Ii
= 10.08 x 10−4 [100 x 151.7 + 150 x 131.7 + 250 x 51.7 + 100 x 1.7
=10.08 x 10− 4 x 48020 = 48.4 volt

 

  (5-3-3)

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٧٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
 

 E3F
 B‫א‬ 236 V A‫א‬A-B
 A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 200 m‫א‬237 V
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 


EF‫א‬‫א‬ EFA‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 20 50 C
 40 75 D
 25 100 E
 30 150 F
 

 K0.4 Ω/Km‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 IA‫א‬‫א‬،(5.9)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (5.9)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

236 v 237 v
A I C I-20 D I-60 E I-85 F I-115 B

50 m 25 m 25 m 50 m 50 m
20 A 40 A 25 A 30 A

  (5.9)‫א‬
0.4  ‫א‬‫א‬
R1 = 1000 = 4 X 10 Ω/m
−4

 R 2 = = 2 X 4 X10−4 Ω/m  

VAB = VA − VB = 236 − 237 = − 1 volt

- ٧٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
−1 = R2 ∑ li Ii
−1 =8 x10−4[ 50 I + 25(I− 20) + 25(I− 60) + 50 (I− 85) + 50( I−115) ]
−1 =8 x10−4 [ 200 I −12000]
I = 53.75 A
 (5.10)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

236 v 237 v
A 53.75 A C 33.75 A D 6.25 A E 31.25 A F 61.25 A B

50 m 25 m 25 m 50 m 50 m
20 A 40 A 25 A 30 A
 
  (5.10)‫א‬
 

‫א‬AD‫א‬‫א‬(5.10)‫א‬
 E 125 m BF 75 m
D‫א‬
V AD = R 2 ∑ Ii li
=8 x10− 4 ( 50 x 53.75 + 25 x 33.75) =2.82 volt
VD = VA − VAD = 236 − 2.82 = 233.18 volt

 E4F
 (5.11)‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬ -‫أ‬
  F‫א‬ -‫ب‬
 

- ٧٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
250 v
A 0.05 ohm B 0.04 ohm D 0.03 ohm F

0.1 ohm

0.4 ohm
C
30 A 241.5 v E 20 A

  (5.11)‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ x‫א‬BD‫א‬‫א‬
 (5.12)‫א‬
250 v
A 0.05 ohm B 0.04 ohm D 0.03 ohm F

x+30 x x-20
0.1 ohm

0.4 ohm

C
30 A 241.5 v E 20 A
 
  (5.12)‫א‬
  ABC‫א‬
VAC= 250 − 241.5 =8.5 volt
= (x + 30)0.05+ 0.1X 30
= 0.05 x + 1.5 + 3
4 = 0.05 x
x = 4 = 80 A
0.05
 (5.13)‫א‬‫א‬ x=80 A‫א‬
  E‫א‬

- ٧٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
VE = 250 − 0.05x110 - 80 x 0.04 - 0.4x 20 = 250 -16.7
= 233.3 volt

250 v
A 0.05 ohm B 0.04 ohm D 0.03 ohm F

110 A 80 A 20 A 60 A
30 A 0.1 ohm

0.4 ohm
C
30 A 241.5 v E 20 A

 (5.13)‫א‬
  F‫א‬

VF = 250 − 0.05 x110 - 0.04 x 80 - 0.03 x 60

= 250 - 5.5 - 3.2 -1.8
= 239.5 volt
 E5F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1000 m AB
 
‫א‬‫א‬
200 500 800 900
 E ) A‫א‬
 EF‫א‬ 50 20 30 10
  . 240 V‫א‬ B 250 V‫א‬A‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ، 230 V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ρ =1.72 x10 −6 Ω.cm 
 ‫א‬
  (5.14)‫א‬‫א‬
RF‫א‬D‫א‬
 EΩ/m
- ٨٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
 
 
240 v
X+50 C X D 20-X E 50-X F 60-X 240 v
A B
200 m 300 m 300 m 100 m 100 m

50 A 20 A 30 A 10 A
(5.14) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 (5.14)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،xCD‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 BD‫א‬AD-‫א‬ = 250 - 240 = 10 volt

= R[(x + 50)200 + 300 x] - R[(20 - x)300 + (50 - x)100 + (60 - x)100]

= 100 R[(2 x + 100 + 3 x) - (60 - 3 x + 50 - x + 60 - x)]
= R[100(10 x- 70)]
0.01 = R(x- 7) (I)

 ‫א‬ (I)‫א‬
  AD‫א‬‫א‬
VAD = 250 - 230 = R[200(50 + x) + 300 x]
20 = R[100(2 x +100 + 3 x)]
0.04 = R(x + 20) (II)
  (II)‫א‬ (I) ‫א‬
x − 7 = 0.25
x + 20
4 x- 28 = x + 20
3 x = 48
x = 16 A
(3.15)‫א‬‫א‬x=16 A‫א‬
 x (I)‫א‬K‫א‬D‫א‬(5.15)‫א‬

- ٨١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
 
34 A C 16 A D 4A E 34 A F 44 A
A B
200 m 300 m 300 m 100 m 100 m

50 A 20 A 30 A 10 A

 (5.15)‫א‬
 
 
R(16 - 7) = 0.01
R = 0.00111 Ω/m ‫א‬
R = 5.55 x10−4 Ω/m ‫א‬‫א‬
R = ρl  ‫א‬
A
A = ρl
R
−8
=1.72 x10 x−100 = 0.312 cm2 = 31.2 mm2
5.55 x10 6

- ٨٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
  (Ring distributor)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(5-3-4)
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  (5.17) (5.16)‫א‬ 
 

 

I
I-i1-i2-i3

d
i1 b i3

I-i1
I-i1-i2

c
i2


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(5.16)‫א‬

a I d I-i1 c I-i1-i2 b I-i1-i2-i3

I1 I2 I3

 (5.17)HG

- ٨٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
 E6F
0.2 ‫א‬ (5.18)‫א‬‫א‬
  B,C,D‫א‬‫א‬Ω/km
 

240 v A
60 m
I
70 m I-220

D
50 A B
100 A

I-50 80 m
I-120
90 m

C
70 A

(5.18)‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
 (5.18)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ I A, D‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
VAA = VA − VA = 0
0 = R ∑ li Ii
0 = ∑ li Ii
= 70 I + 90(I- 50) + 80(I-120) + 60(I- 220)
300 I = 27300
I = 91 A

- ٨٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (5.19)‫א‬

240 v A
60 m
91 A
70 m 129

D
50 A B
100 A

41 A
80 m
29 A
90 m

C
70 A

  (5.19)‫א‬

‫א‬ C 

 ‫א‬   B,C, D  ‫א‬ 
 W
VAD = 2[ 91X 70 X 0.2 ]= 2.55 volt
1000  
VDC = 2[41X 90 X 0.2 ]=1.48 volt  
1000
VBC = 2[29 X 80 X 0.2 ]= 093 volt  
1000
0.2  
V AB = 2[129 X 60 X 1000 ]= 3.1 volt  

V D = 240 − 2.55 = 237.45 volt

VC = 237.5 −1.48 = 235.97 volt
V B = 240 − 3.1= 236.9 volt

- ٨٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  

 E7F

‫א‬‫א‬ A  (5.20)‫א‬

 K‫א‬

20 A

150 m I-10

10 A B
200 m I-30

100 m I

I-119 200 m

50 A

250 m
39 A
E I-80 D

 
 (5.20)‫א‬
 

- ٨٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
 ‫א‬
 IBA‫א‬‫א‬
 ABCDEA
VAA = 0 = ∑ li Ii
= 100 I + 150(I-10) + 200(I- 30) + 250(I- 80) + 200(I-119)
900 I = 51300
I = 57 A
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5.4F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (5-4-1)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، R‫א‬‫א‬ X‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 

2ρ
∆V= ∑ Ii li (5 - 7)
A

 W‫א‬ (5-7)‫א‬
 

2ρ
A= ∑ Ii li (5 - 8)
∆Vp

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬Z ∆VP
 

 WVr‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

∆V % = ∆ V x 100%  
Vr
 

- ٨٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
‫א‬‫א‬P‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
'
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ P ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

∆V= 2 x10 3
ρ
∑ Pi\ L i (5 - 9)
AVr

 E8F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (5.21)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1/ρ= 56 ‫א‬ 6 mm2‫א‬ ‫א‬220 v 
 m/Ω.mm2
P1=6 Kw P2=4 Kw P3=2.5 Kw P4= 1 Kw
20 m 10 m 10 m 6m

P\1= 2 Kw P\2= 1.5 Kw P\3= 1.5 Kw P\4=1 Kw

  (5.21)‫א‬
 W‫א‬

∆V= 2 x103
ρ P\ L
AVr ∑ i i
2 x 10 3
= (6 x 20 + 4 x 10 + 2.5 x 10 +1.0 x 6)
56 x 6 x 220
= 5.16 volt
∆ V = ∆ V x 100
Vr
= 5.16 x 100
220
= 2.35 %

- ٨٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (3-4-2)
،X‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-‫أ‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬ -‫ب‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

∆V = ∑ Ii [(Cos Φ i + jSin Φ i )(R i + j Xi)] (5 −10)

 W
 ‫א‬Z Cos Φ i
. ‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬.

∆V = ∑ I i ( R i Cos Φ i + X i Sin Φ i ) (5 −11)

. ‫وﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮزﻋﺎت اﻟﺤﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬

‫א‬     ‫א‬ E‫א‬ ‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 E9F
     Z=0.02+j0.04 Ω  ‫א‬ ‫א‬500 m    
 W‫א‬250V‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 200 m  pf =150 A‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬300 m  pf= 0.8100 A‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬m٥٠٠ pf =0.650 A‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٨٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W
.‫ ﺑﻔﺮض أن اﻟﺘﻴﺎرات ﻣﻮزﻋﺔ آﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬.‫( ﻣﻮزﻋ ًﺎ أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬5.22) ‫ﻳﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

A IAD D I DC C ICB B

200 m 100 m 200 m

I1 I2 I3
50 A 100 A 50 A
pf=1 pf=0.8 lag. pf=0.6 lag.
 (5.22)‫א‬

IAD = I1 + I 2 + I 3
= (50 + j 0) + 100 ( 0.8 − j 0.6) + 50(0.6 − j0.8)
= 160 - j 100 A
l AD = 200
Z AD = Z T x 500
(0.02 + j 0.04)
l T
= 0.008 + j 0.016 Ω

∆VAD = (160− j100 )(0.008 + j 0.016)

= 2.88 + j1.76 volt

ZDC = 100 (0.02 + j 0.04)

500
= 0 .004 + j 0.008 Ω
IDC = I1 + I2
= (160 − j100) − (50 − j0)
=110 − j100 A

∆VDC = I DC Z DC
= (110 − j100)(0.004 + j 0.008)
=1.24 + j 0.48 volt

- ٩٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
ICB = I3 = 50 (0.6 − j 0.8)
= 30 − j 40 A
ZCB = ZAD =0.008 + j 0.016 Ω
∆VCB = (30− j40)(0.008+ j 0.016)
=0.88+ j 0.16 volt
 ‫א‬‫א‬
∆VT = ∆VAD + ∆VDC + ∆VCB
= ( 2.88 + j1.76) + (1.24 + j0.48) + (0.88 + j0.16)
= 5 + j2.4
V B = V A −∆ V T
= 250 ∠0 − (5 + j 2.4)
= 245 − j 2.4 volt
2
V B = 245 + 2.4 = 245.0118 ≅ 245 volt
2

 ‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (5.23)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

R3=0.02 ohm

R2=0.012 ohm

R1=0.008 ohm

A D C B

50 A 80 A 30 A
  (5.23)‫א‬

I 1 = 50 A I 2 = 100 x 0.8 = 80 A I 3 = 50 x 0.6 = 30 A

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
∆ V R = ∑ IR R
- ٩١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  

= 50 x 0.008 + 80 x 0.012 + 30 x 0.02 = 1.96 volt

  (5.24)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

X3=0.04 ohm

X2=0.024 ohm

X1=0.016 ohm

A D C B

0A 60 A 40 A

  (5.24)‫א‬
 

∆Vm = ∑ Im X
= 60 x 0.024 + 40 x 0.04 = 3.04 volt
∆VT = ∆VR + ∆Vm =1.96 + 3.04 = 5 volt
V B = VA − ∆ VT
= 250 − 5 = 245 volt

 K V٢٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

(10) ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬(5.25)‫א‬
  250∠0 V‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KCB‫א‬
 

A x B x-48+j36 A C x-93+j58 A D

0.15 ohm 0.15 ohm 0.05 ohm

48-J36 A 45-j22 A 30+j0 A

  (5.25)‫א‬

- ٩٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  

 ‫א‬
  IAB = x ‫א‬‫א‬
IBC = x − (48 − j36)
= x − 48 + j36
ICD = IBC − IC
= (x − 48 + j36) − (45 − j22)
= x − 93 + j58 A
VAD = VA − VD
= VAB + VBC + VCD
= IABZAB + IBC ZBC + ICD ZCD
= 0.15 x + 0.15(x- 48 + j36) + 0.05(x- 93 + j58)
= 0.15 x + 0.15 x- 7.2 + j5.4 + 0.05 x- 4.65 + j2.9
= 0.35 x-11.85 + j8.3
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
11.85 = 0.35 x
x = 33.857 ≅ 34 A

IC D = x − 93 + j58
= − 59 + j58 A
IDC = 59 − j58 A

VB = VA − IAB ZAB
= 250 − 34 x 0.15
= 250 − 5.1
= 244.9 volt
VC = VD − IDC ZDC
= 250 − 0.05(59 − j58)
= 247.05 + j2.9 volt

- ٩٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  

 
‫ﺗﻤﺎرﻳﻦ‬
200 m‫א‬ 250 V‫א‬‫א‬  y Jx ‫ ﻣﻮزع‬-١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬  30  40 30  25
 x‫א‬‫א‬
 50 75  100  150
EF‫א‬
 E‫א‬F0.3 Ω/km‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-‫أ‬
‫א‬‫ א‬-‫ب‬
 
A‫א‬(5.26)‫א‬ AB J٢
‫א‬K B‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 240 V F 240 V‫א‬
 K
 
240 v 8 m.ohm 4 m.ohm 10 m.ohm B
6 m.ohm F 5 m.ohm
A

240 v 12 A 24 A 72 A 240 v
48 A

 
 (5.26)‫א‬

- ٩٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
 V٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
  0.02 Ω/100 m‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬(5.27)‫א‬
 BA‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬  J


 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

 
20 A

a 25 m

18 m
8A
b

12 m
A

c 15 A

16 m
e 10 m
12 A

d
22 m
30 A
 
 (5.27)‫א‬
 
(5.28)‫א‬ 220 VA AB   J٤
 ‫א‬B‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ -‫أ‬
 1, 3, 5‫א‬‫א‬ -‫ب‬
 0.2 ohm/100 m‫א‬

- ٩٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
220 v
8m 1 4m 2 4m 3 4m 4 5m
B
A

20 A 10 A 15 A 12 A 8A

 (5.28)‫א‬
 
6 ‫א‬(5.29)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬ 25 mm2‫א‬ ،Kw
  ρ = 1.78x10−8 Ω.m
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫ א‬-‫أ‬
 A ‫א‬‫א‬ -‫ب‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 K 2٣‫א‬ -٢
220 v
8m 1 6m 2 6m 3 8m

A
6 Kw 6 Kw 6 Kw 6 Kw
 
 (5.29)‫א‬

‫א‬  A VA = 250 ∠0 volt ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E10F‫א‬  J٦

  VB = 245∠0 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 (5.30)‫א‬

- ٩٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٦١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،A(5.31)‫א‬ J٨

1+j1 ohm 1+j3 ohm

B
1+j2 ohm
20 A 15 A
0.8 lag. 0.6 lag.

 (3.30)‫א‬

50 A
pf=0.8 lag.

1+j0.6 ohm
0.8+j0.5 ohm
A
120 A
pf=1
0+j2 ohm 0.8+j0.5 ohm

70 A
pf=0.8 lag.

 (5.31)‫א‬

- ٩٧ -