09.

99 Contents

4.6 Influence of a rounding-off function ...................................................................... 442

4.7 Possible braking torques due to system losses.................................................... 453

4.7.1 General information.............................................................................................. 453
4.7.2 Braking time for a fan drive .................................................................................. 460

4.8 Minimum acceleration time for fan drives with a linear acceleration
characteristic........................................................................................................ 465
4.8.1 General information.............................................................................................. 465
4.8.2 Example ............................................................................................................... 471

4.9 Buffering multi-motor drives with kinetic energy ................................................... 474

4.9.1 General information.............................................................................................. 474
4.9.2 Example for buffering with an additional buffer drive ............................................ 479

4.10 Harmonics fed back into the supply in regenerative operation ............................. 483

4.11 Calculating the braking energy of a mechanical brake ......................................... 491

4.11.1 General information.............................................................................................. 491
4.11.2 Hoisting drive with counterweight ......................................................................... 491
4.11.3 Traversing drive ................................................................................................... 495

4.12 Criteria for selecting motors for clocked drives..................................................... 499

4.12.1 General information.............................................................................................. 499
4.12.2 Example 1, rotary table drive with i=4 and short no-load interval.......................... 507
4.12.3 Example 2, rotary table drive with i=4 and long no-load interval ........................... 510
4.12.4 Example 3, rotary table drive with a selectable ratio and short no-load interval.... 512
4.12.5 Example 4, rotary table drive with selectable ratio and long no-load interval ........ 515
4.12.6 Example 5, traversing drive with selectable ratio and longer no-load time............ 517

4.13 Optimum traversing characteristics regarding the maximum motor torque

and RMS torque ................................................................................................... 520
4.13.1 Relationships for pure flywheel drives (high-inertia drives) ................................... 520
4.13.2 Relationships for flywheel drives (high-inertia drives) with a constant load torque 524
4.13.3 Summary.............................................................................................................. 526
4.13.4 Example with 1PA6 motor .................................................................................... 527

5 INDEX .................................................................................................................. 533

6 LITERATURE....................................................................................................... 536

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09.99 1 Foreword

1 Foreword

This Application Manual for the new SIMOVERT MASTERDRIVES drive converter series is
conceived as supplement to the Engineering Manual and the PFAD configuring/engineering
program. Using numerous examples, it provides support when engineering complex drive tasks,
such as for example traction- and hoisting drives, winders etc. It is shown how to calculate the
torque- and motor outputs from the mechanical drive data and how to select the motor, drive
converter, control type and additional components. As result of the diversity of the various drive
tasks, it is not possible to provide detailed instructions with wiring diagrams, parameter settings
etc. This would also go far beyond the scope of this particular document. In some cases, the
examples are based on applications using previous drive converter systems and actual inquiries
with the appropriate drive data.

Further, this Application Manual provides information for specific applications, for example, using a
transformer at the converter output, accelerating time for square-law load torque characteristics
etc. This is supplemented by a summary of formulas and equations with units, formulas and
equations for induction motors, converting linear into rotational motion, the use of gearboxes and
spindles as well specifying and converting moments of inertia.

Your support is required in updating the Application Manual, which means improvements,
corrections, and the inclusion of new examples. This document can only become a real support
tool when we receive the appropriate feedback as far as its contents are concerned and inquiries
regarding the application in conjunction with the new SIMOVERT MASTERDRIVES drive
converter series.

This Application Manual is conceived as a working document for sales/marketing personnel. At the
present time, it is not intended to be passed on to customers.

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09.99 2 Formulas and equations

2 Formulas and equations

Units, conversion

1 N = 1 kgm/s2 = 0.102 kp force

1 kg mass
1W power
1 Ws = 1 Nm = 1 J work, energy
1 kgm2 = 1 Ws3 = 1 Nms2 moment of inertia
g = 9.81 m/s2 acceleration due to the force of gravity

Induction motor

f
n0 = ⋅ 60 synchronous speed
p
f in Hz, n in RPM
p: Pole pair number, f: Line supply frequency

n0 − n
s= slip
n0

n0 − n
fs = ⋅f slip frequency
n0

M ⋅n
P = 3 ⋅ U ⋅ I ⋅ cos ϕ ⋅ η = shaft output
9550
9550 ⋅ P
M= torque
n
M in Nm, P in kW, n in RPM

n0 − n
M≈ ⋅ Mn torque in the range n0 to nn
n0 − nn
Mn: Rated torque, nn: Rated speed

V 2
M stall ≈ ( ) ⋅ M stall n stall torque at reduced voltage
Vn

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fn 2
M stall ≈ ( ) ⋅ M stall n stall torque in the field-weakening range
f
Vn: Rated voltage, fn: Rated frequency
Mstall n: Rated stall torque

RMS torque

The RMS torque can be calculated as follows if the load duty cycle is small with respect to the
motor thermal time constant:

∑M i
2
⋅ ti
M RMS = i
te + k f ⋅ t p

The following must be true: MRMS ≤ Mpermissible for S1 duty

ti time segments with constant torque Mi

te power-on duration
tp no load time
kf reduction factor (de-rating factor)

Factor kf for the no-load time is a derating factor for self-ventilated motors. For 1LA5/1LA6 motors
it is 0.33. For 1PQ6 motors, 1PA6 motors and 1FT6/1FK6 motors, this factor should be set to 1.

Example

M
RMS

t t t t
1 2 p
t
e

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