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Cisco Confidential 11
 • Overview

• Static Routing

• Dynamic Routing

• RIPng

• EIGRP for IPv6

• OSPFv3

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• Main motivation for IPv6 is lack of IPv4 address space
• IPv4 uses 32-bits
2^32 = 4,294,967,296 max addresses
• IPv6 uses 128-bits
2^128 = 34,028,236,6 92,938,463,463,374,607,431,770,000,000+

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• IPv4 Dotted Decimal
1.2.3.4
Each place denotes 1 byte
• IPv6 Hexadecimal
XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX
Two characters = one byte

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• 2.4 Address Type Representation

• The specific type of an IPv6 address is indicated by the leading bits in the address. The variable-
length field comprising these leading bits is called the Format Prefix (FP). The initial allocation of
these prefixes is as follows:
• Allocation Prefix Fraction of
(binary) Address Space
• ----------------------------------- -------- -------------
• Aggregatable Global Unicast Addresses 001 1/8
• Link-Local Unicast Addresses 1111 1110 10 1/1024
• Site-Local Unicast Addresses 1111 1110 11 1/1024
• Multicast Addresses 1111 1111 1/256

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• • Four main address types
• Global Unicast

2000… – 3FFF…
• Unique Local

FC00…
Deprecates Site Local (FEC0)
• Link Local

FE80…
• Multicast

FF…

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• IPv6 host addresses are generated from interface MAC address
• MAC address is 48-bits
• IPv6 host address is 64-bits
• Extra 16 bits derived as follows:
MAC 1234.5678.9012
Invert 7th most significant bit
12 = 0001 0010
0001 0000
1034.5678.9012
• Insert “FFFE” in middle
1034:56FF:FE78:9012
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• ICMPv6 ND

Replaces IPv4 ARP

• NS – Neighbor Solicitation

Ask for information about neighbor

• NA – Neighbor Advertisement

Advertise yourself to other neighbors

• RS – Router Solicitation

Ask for information about local routers

• RA – Router Advertisement

Advertise yourself as an active router

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• IPv6 unicast routing off by default

ipv6 unicast-routing

• Dynamic routing through

RIPng

OSPFv3

EIGRPv6

IS-IS

BGP

• • Dynamic information recurses to remote linklocal address

Layer 3 to layer 2 resolution on multipoint NBMA medias

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• Similar to IPv4

• Next hop / interface is required Static routing CLI for IPv6

ipv6 route ipv6-prefix/prefix-length {ipv6-address | interface-type interface-number [ipv6-address]}

[administrative-distance] [administrative-multicast-distance | unicast | multicast] [tag tag]
!
Router(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8::0/32 2001:DB8:1:1::1 10 Forward a packets via GUA NH using admin of 10
!
Router(config)# ipv6 route 2001:DB8::/32 Ethernet 1/0 FE80::215:C7FF:FE21:8640
!

Forward a packets via link-local NH

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 Router 2

IPv6 Internet
:e LAN1: 2001:db8:c18:1::/64

:a Ethernet0

Router 1

:a Ethernet1

LAN2: 2001:db8:c18:2::/64

router 1#config term

ipv6 unicast-routing
!
interface Ethernet0
ipv6 address 2001:db8:c18:1::a/64
!
interface Ethernet1
ipv6 address 2001:db8:c18:2::a/64
! Default router to Router 2
ipv6 route ::/0 2001:db8:c18:1::e

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• Routing in IPv6 is unchanged from IPv4
Still has two families of routing protocols: IGP and EGP
Still uses the longest-prefix match routing algorithm

• IGP
RIPng (RFC 2080)
Cisco EIGRP for IPv6
Integrated IS-IS for IPv6 (RFC 5308)
OSPFv3 (RFC 5340)

• EGP
MP-BGP4 (RFC 4760) and Using MP-BGP for IPv6 (RFC 2545)

• Cisco IOS supports all IPv6 routing protocols

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• Dynamic routing protocols require a router-id
Router-id is a 32 bit integer in dotted decimal notation (a.b.c.d)
Auto-generated from IPv4 loopback interface address if configured,
Otherwise highest IPv4 address on the router
Many networks will deploy IPv6 dual stack – so router-id will be automatically created

• For IPv6 only networks where no IPv4 address is available

Router-id needs to be manually configured using dotted decimal notation (looks like an IPv4 address)
ipv6 router ospf 100
router-id 10.1.1.4

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• Referred to as RIP Next Generation, distance vector protocol

• For the SP industry not recommended, limited use in Enterprise environments

• ISPs do not use RIP in any form unless there is absolutely no alternative

• RIPng was used in the early days of the IPv6 test network
Superior routing protocols such as ISIS, OSPF and BGP rapidly replaced RIPng

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 Field’s Name kept from IPv4 to IPv6

Legend
Fields not kept in IPv6
Name and/or position changed in IPv6
• Similar to RIPv2 New Field in IPv6

Distance-vector, Hop limit of 15, split-horizon, All RIP routers is FF02::9, UDP port (521)

• Updated features for IPv6

Prefix length added, address-family and subnet mask fields removed

• Special Handling for the NH RIPng header

One NH entry per group of prefixes Command Version Set to zero

RIP header IPv6 Next Hop

Routing Table Entry (RTE)
Command Version Set to zero for next hop

Address Family ID Route Tag 0 0 0xFF

IPv4 Prefix
Routing Table Entry (RTE)
Subnet Mask IPv6 prefix
for prefixes (1 .. N) sharing
Next Hop same next hop

Metric Route Tag Prefix Len Metric

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 ::/0 Router 2
2001:db8:c18:1:260:3eff:fe47:1530
Default route from R2
Ethernet0 LAN1: 2001:db8:c18:1::/64
Ethernet0 Router2#config term
ipv6 router rip RT0
Router 1
Ethernet1 interface Ethernet0
ipv6 address 2001:db8:c18:1::/64 eui-64
LAN2: 2001:db8:c18:2::/64 ipv6 rip RT0 enable
ipv6 rip RT0 default-information originate

Router1#config term
ipv6 router rip RT0 Enable RIP routing
!
interface Ethernet0 Router2# debug ipv6 rip Show RIP update
ipv6 address 2001:db8:c18:1::/64 eui-64 RIPng: Sending multicast update on Ethernet0 for RT0
ipv6 rip RT0 enable src=FE80::260:3eff:fe47:1530 Use link-local as source
! dst=FF02::9 (Ethernet0) Destination is All RIPng routers
interface Ethernet1 sport=521, dport=521, length=32
ipv6 address 2001:db8:c18:2::/64 eui-64 command=2, version=1, mbz=0, #rte=1
ipv6 rip RT0 enable tag=0, metric=1, prefix=::/0

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 R1# show ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - 10 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP
U - Per-user Static route
I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary
O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2
ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external
C 2001:DB8:1::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Loopback1
L 2001:DB8:1:0:A8BB:CCFF:FE00:100/128 [0/0]
via ::, Loopback1
R 2001:DB8:2::/64 [120/2] Note all RIP next hops are link-local addresses (FE80::)
via FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:200, Serial2/0
R 2001:DB8:3::/64 [120/3]
via FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:200, Serial2/0
C 2001:DB8:12::/64 [0/0]
via ::, Serial2/0
L 2001:DB8:12:0:A8BB:CCFF:FE00:100/128 [0/0]
via ::, Serial2/0
R 2001:DB8:23::/64 [120/2]
via FE80::A8BB:CCFF:FE00:200, Serial2/0
L FF00::/8 [0/0]
via ::, Null0

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• Three new TLVs:
0X0401 - Internal Prefix
0X0402 - External Prefix
0X0403 - Unused

• Hello messages use the link-local address as the src and dst of FF02::A (all EIGRP
routers).
Neighbors do not have to share the same global prefix (with the exception of explicitly specified neighbors)

• Automatic summarization is disabled by default for IPv6 (unlike IPv4)

• Support for “no split-horizon” in the case of NBMA links

For example, multi-point GRE as found in DMVPN deployments, or ATM/Frame services

• RID stays at 32 bits

• Expected to be very popular amongst existing enterprise networks

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Router 2 2001:db8:c18:1:260:3eff:fe47:1530

Ethernet0 Router2#config term

LAN1: 2001:db8:c18:1::/64
ipv6 router eigrp 100
Ethernet0 eigrp router-id 10.10.10.1

Router 1 interface Ethernet0

ipv6 address 2001:db8:c18:1::/64 eui-64
ipv6 eigrp 100
Ethernet1
LAN2: 2001:db8:c18:2::/64

Router1# show ipv6 eigrp neighbor

IPv6-EIGRP neighbors for process 100
H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq
(sec)
(ms) Cnt Num Neighbors and next hops are identified by link-local address
0 FE80::260:3eff:fe47:1530 E0 14 00:01:43 1 4500 0 1

Router1# show ipv6 eigrp topology all-links

IPv6-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(100)/ID(10.10.10.1)
Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
r - reply Status, s - sia Status
P 2001:db8:c18:1::/64, 1 successors, FD is 28160, serno 1
via Connected, Ethernet0
via FE80::260:3eff:fe47:1530 (30720/28160), Ethernet0

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• OSPFv3 is OSPF for IPv6 (RFC 5340)

• Based on OSPFv2 with enhancements

• Distributes IPv6 prefixes only

• Runs directly over IPv6

• Ships-in-the-night with OSPFv2

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• OSPFv3 has same 5 packet types some fields have been changed

• OSPFv3 packets have a 16 byte header verses the 24 byte header in OSPFv2
Packet Type Description
1 Hello
Field’s Name kept from IPv4 to IPv6

Legend
2 Database description
Fields not kept in IPv6
3 Link state request
Name and/or position changed in IPv6
4 Link state update
New Field in IPv6
5 Link state acknowledgement

OSPFv2 OSPFv3
Version Type Packet Length Version Type Packet Length

Router ID Router ID

Area ID Area ID

Checksum Authtype Instance

Checksum 0
ID
Authentication

Authentication

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• Uses link local addresses
To identify the OSPFv3 adjacency neighbors

• Two New LSA Types

Link-LSA (LSA Type 0x0008)
There is one Link-LSA per link. This LSA advertises the router's link-local address, list of all IPv6 prefixes
and options associated with the link to all other routers attached to the link
Intra-Area-Prefix-LSA (LSA Type 0x2009)
Carries all IPv6 prefix information that in IPv4 is included in
Router-LSAs and Network-LSAs

• Two LSAs are renamed

Type-3 summary-LSAs, renamed to “Inter-Area-Prefix-LSAs”
Type-4 summary LSAs, renamed to “Inter-Area-Router-LSAs”

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• Multicast Addresses
FF02::5 – Represents all SPF routers on the link local scope, Equivalent to 224.0.0.5 in OSPFv2
FF02::6 – Represents all DR routers on the link local scope, Equivalent to 224.0.0.6 in OSPFv2

• Removal of Address Semantics

IPv6 addresses are no longer present in OSPF packet header (Part of payload information)
Router LSA, Network LSA do not carry IPv6 addresses
Router ID, Area ID and Link State ID remains at 32 bits
DR and BDR are now identified by their Router ID and no longer by their IP address

• Security
OSPFv3 uses IPv6 AH & ESP extension headers instead of variety of mechanisms defined in OSPFv2

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 29
 LSA Description LSA Code LSA Type Bits Set=1
U Bit LSA Handling
Router LSA 1 0x2001 S1
0 Treat the LSA as if it had link-local flooding scope
Network LSA 2 0x2002 S1 1 Store and flood the LSA as if the type is understood

Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA 3 0x2003 S1

Inter-Area-Router-LSA 4 0x2004 S1
S2 S1 Flooding Scope
AS-External-LSA 5 0x4005 S2 0 0 Link-Local Scoping - Flooded only on originating link
0 1 Area Scoping - Flooded only in originating area
Deprecated 6 0x2006 S1
1 0 AS Scoping - Flooded throughout AS
NSSA-LSA 7 0x2007 S1 1 1 Reserved

Link-LSA 8 0x0008

Intra-Area-Prefix-LSA 9 0x2009 S1
LSA Type Format
1Bit 1Bit 1Bit 13 Bits

U S2 S1 LSA Function Code

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 Router1#
interface POS1/1
Area 1 ipv6 address 2001:410:FFFF:1::1/64
ipv6 ospf 100 area 0 Enables IPv6 facing Area 0
!
interface POS2/0
Interlink connection (could use link-local)
Router 2 ipv6 address 2001:db8:FFFF:1::2/64
ipv6 ospf 100 area 0
POS3/0 2001:db8:ffff:1::1/64 !
ipv6 router ospf 100
router-id 10.1.1.3
POS 2/0 2001:db8:ffff:1::2/64
Router2#
interface POS3/0
Router 1 ipv6 address 2001:db8:FFFF:1::1/64 Interlink connection (could use link-local)
POS1/1 ipv6 ospf 100 area 0
!
ipv6 router ospf 100
router-id 10.1.1.4 32 bit ID specified in dotted decimal notation
Area 0

2001:410:ffff:1::1/64

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 Router1#
interface POS1/1
Area 1 ipv6 address 2001:410:FFFF:1::1/64
ospfv3 100 area 0 ipv6 Enables IPv6 facing Area 0
!
interface POS2/0
Interlink connection (could use link-local)
Router 2 ipv6 address 2001:db8:FFFF:1::2/64
ospfv3 100 area 1 ipv6
POS3/0 2001:db8:ffff:1::1/64 !
router ospfv3 100
router-id 10.1.1.3
POS 2/0 2001:db8:ffff:1::2/64
Router2#
interface POS3/0
Router 1 ipv6 address 2001:db8:FFFF:1::1/64 Interlink connection (could use link-local)
POS1/1 ospfv3 100 area 1 ipv6
!
router ospfv3 100
router-id 10.1.1.4 32 bit ID specified in dotted decimal notation
Area 0

2001:410:ffff:1::1/64

Supported as of 15T/15S IOS trains

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