1. Start Up procedure.

I. Ensure all valves are closed.

II. Prepare:
a. Prepare 1 L of 0.1M of Sodium Hydroxide [NaOH]
b. Prepare 1 L of 0.1M of Ethyl Acetate [Et (Ac)]
c. Prepare 1 L of deionized water [H2O]
III. Fill the feed vessel B1 and B2 with NaOH solution [Et (Ac)] and respectively.
IV. Turn on the power of control panel.
V. Open V1, V2 and V27.
VI. Switch on pump 1 [P1] and pump 2 [P2].
VII. Make sure pipeline before V9 and V10 are filled with liquid. Any trap air should be
release using P1 and P2.
VIII. The flow of NaOH and [Et (Ac)] solution is being observed into the dosing vessel
[HB1 and HB2] through V10 and V9, respectively.
IX. Let both solution in dosing vessel [HB1 and HB2] to overflow into the feed vessel [B1
and B2 respectively].

Shut down procedure.

I. Switch of pump 1 [P1] and pump 2 [P2]

II. Closed valve on V27.
III. Drain all liquid from the unit by open V3 to V21 and V26.
IV. Turn off the power from the control panel.

Selecting suitable reactor.

I. Make sure V3 to V21 are close.

II. For plug flow reactor [SR1],
a. V11 and V19 are open.
b. Record the outlet conductivity value [QI-404] and temperature value [TI-104].
III. For single batch reactor [R1]
a. Ensure V13, V14 and V20 are opened.
b. Switch on the stirrer [M1]
c. Record the outlet conductivity value [QI-402] and temperature value [TI-102].
IV. For 3-stage continuous stirred tank reactor [R2, R3 and R4]
a. V12 and V21 are opened.
b. Switch on the stirrer [M2, M3 and M4].
c. Record the outlet conductivity value [QI-403] and temperature value [TI-103]

2. Plan to minimize the usage of raw material.

a. Reduce the amount of raw material used as long the concentration is the same.
b. Prepare the raw material as indicated in the startup procedure.
c. Avoid careless mistake [spill a small amount of the raw material].
3. Method on validating the accuracy of flow and conductivity meter of test reactor.
a. The conductivity of NaOH concentration from each conversion value were determined
by mixing the following solution into 100 mL of deionized water:
i. O% conversion = 100 mL NaOH
ii. 25% conversion = 75 mL NaOH + 25 mL [Et (Ac)]
iii. 50% conversion = 50 mL NaOH + 50 mL [Et (Ac)]
iv. 75% conversion = 25 mL NaOH + 75 mL [Et (Ac)]
v. 100% conversion = 100 mL [Et (Ac)]

4. Experimental methodology to identify the overall reaction order and the specific reaction
rate for the saponification reaction between NaOH and [Et (Ac)]

5. Experimental methodology to determine the type of reactor which most suitable for
saponification reaction between NaOH and [Et (Ac)].
a. Perform the general start-up procedure.
b. Select the desire reactor as stated in the selecting the reactor.
c. Open valve V9 and V10.
d. Allow the NaOH and [Et (Ac)] solution to enter the selected reactor and make sure the
receiving vessel [B3] are empty.
e. Control the flowrate by adjusting valve V9 and V10. Record the flowrate and make sure
the flowrate is same.
f. To ensure the reactor has reach steady state, record the inlet and outlet conductivity
values of the selected reactor for every 5 minutes until they are at a steady state.
g. Repeat the experiment from b until f by selecting a different reactor.

6. Suggest the most suitable reactor for saponification of NaOH and [Et (Ac)].
Three continuous stirred tank reactors.
I. CSTR always operate at steady state.
II. Inside the reactor are assumed to be perfectly mixed.
III. Saponification process is a continuous reaction.