You are on page 1of 176

(VWLPDGRFOLHQWH

/HDJUDGHFHPRVVXGHFLVLyQ\VXFRQILDQ]DDIDYRUGHXQSURGXFWRGHFDOLGDG
GH3$/),1*(5(QHOGHVDUUROOR\ODIDEULFDFLyQGHVXDSDUDWRKHPRVKHFKR
WRGRORQHFHVDULRSDUDJDUDQWL]DUOHXQIXQFLRQDPLHQWRySWLPR\VHJXUR
6LJDODVLQGLFDFLRQHVVLJXLHQWHVFRQHOILQGHSRGHUWUDEDMDUFRQVXSURGXFWR
3$/),1*(5 GXUDQWH PXFKR WLHPSR \ GH XQD IRUPD VHJXUD \ HILFLHQWH HQ
WpUPLQRVGHFRVWHV
x &XPSODWRGDVODVLQVWUXFFLRQHVGHVHJXULGDG
x (IHFW~HHOPDQWHQLPLHQWRGHVXDSDUDWR3$/),1*(5FRQIRUPHDOR
HVSHFLILFDGR
x 5HVSHWHORVLQWHUYDORVGHVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRSUHVFULWRV
x /LPSLHHODSDUDWRGHIRUPDUHJXODU\DTXHODVXFLHGDGDXPHQWDHO
GHVJDVWHGHOPLVPR
x /DVXFLHGDGFDXVDGDSRUJUDVDV\DFHLWHVDXPHQWDHOSHOLJURGH
DFFLGHQWH
x 5HVSHWHWRGDVODVSURKLELFLRQHVHLQGLFDFLRQHVFRQWHQLGDVHQHVWH
PDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVSXHVSURWHJHQVXYLGD\ODGHWHUFHUDV
SHUVRQDV
£/HGHVHDPRVPXFKRp[LWRFRQVXSURGXFWR3$/),1*(5



Contenido

&RQWHQLGR

1RWDVVREUHHOPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV
0DQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV
9DOLGH]GHOPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV
7pUPLQRV\GHILQLFLRQHV
6tPERORV
*UiILFRVHLOXVWUDFLRQHV
5HTXLVLWRVGHVHJXULGDG\GHSURWHFFLyQGHODVDOXG
6HJXULGDGSDUDODVSHUVRQDV
0DOXVRSUHYLVLEOHGHODSDUDWR
5LHVJRVUHVLGXDOHV
5HJODPHQWRV\QRUPDVHVWDWDOHVUHODWLYRVDOXVRGHODSDUDWR
&RQGLFLRQHVGHWUDEDMRGHVIDYRUDEOHV
3HOLJURGHFDtGD
3HOLJURGHDSODVWDPLHQWR
3HOLJURGHVXIULUTXHPDGXUDV
(PLVLyQGHUXLGR
3HOLJURVSRUJDVHVGHHVFDSH
3HOLJURSRUOtQHDVHOpFWULFDV
'HVSXpVGHOPDQWHQLPLHQWRVHUYLFLRWpFQLFR\GHODVUHSDUDFLRQHV
*HQHUDOLGDGHV
0DUFD&(GHFRQIRUPLGDG
0RQWDMHGHOHTXLSR
0RGLILFDFLRQHVHQHODSDUDWR
3HUVRQDORSHUDGRU
$SDUDWR\IXQFLyQ
&RPSRQHQWHVSULQFLSDOHV
,FRQRVGHORVPDQGRV
/ODYHVGHFRQPXWDFLyQ\SXOVDGRUHV
6tPERORVGHLQGLFDFLRQHVGHSHOLJUR
5HVXPHQGHVHxDOHVSODFDV\HWLTXHWDV
'LVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDG
,QIRUPDFLyQJHQHUDO
,QWHUUXSWRUGHGHVFRQH[LyQGHHPHUJHQFLD
,QGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJD
6LVWHPDGHVHJXULGDG\GHPDQGR3DOWURQLF
&RQWUROGHODHVWDELOLGDG+36&
/LPLWDFLyQGHODOFDQFHGHJLURVREUHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGR,6
&RQWUROGHODJHRPHWUtD
&RQWUROGHLQFOLQDFLyQ
&RQWUROGHLQFOLQDFLyQKDVWDODH[WHQVLyQžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR
6LVWHPDOLPLWDGRUGHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJD26.
6LVWHPDVGHFRQWUROSDUDODSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWH
0RGRGHPDQGRGHHPHUJHQFLDWUDVHOIDOORGHOPDQGRDGLVWDQFLD
)DOORGHOVLVWHPDHOpFWULFRGHODJU~D
(TXLSDPLHQWRVDGLFLRQDOHV
,QIRUPDFLyQJHQHUDO
'LVSRVLWLYRVGHHOHYDFLyQGHODFDUJD


 
Contenido

(TXLSRVDX[LOLDUHV
(TXLSRVDGLFLRQDOHVGHODJU~D
3UHSDUDUHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODJU~D
8VRSUHYLVWROtPLWHVGHODPiTXLQD
3UHVWHDWHQFLyQDGHILFLHQFLDVDQWHV\GXUDQWHHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
=RQDGHWUDEDMR
3XHVWDHQPDUFKDGHODJU~D
(VWDELOL]DUHOYHKtFXOR
([WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU
*DWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV
,QFOLQDFLyQGHOYHKtFXOR
&RORFDUHOEUD]RGHFDUJDHQODSRVLFLyQGHWUDEDMR
&RQWUROGLDULRGHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDG
)XQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODJU~D
/tPLWHVGHFDUJD
3RVLFLyQGHWUDEDMRJU~D
&DUJDV
7UDEDMDUFRQFDUJDV
7HUPLQDUODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHJU~D
3RQHUODJU~DHQSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWH
5HWUDHUHOHVWDELOL]DGRU
&DGDYH]DQWHVGHLQLFLDUODPDUFKD
0DQWHQLPLHQWR
*HQHUDOLGDGHV
&RQWDGRUGHKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
0DQWHQLPLHQWR
/LPSLH]D
,QVSHFFLyQYLVXDO
(QJUDVDUHODSDUDWR
&DPELRGHODFHLWHKLGUiXOLFRFDPELRGHOILOWUR
5HSDUDUGDxRVHQODSLQWXUD
6HUYLFLRWpFQLFR
*HQHUDOLGDGHV
&RQWUROGHODVXQLRQHVURVFDGDV
3ULPHUVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRWUDVKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
&DGDKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRRDOPHQRVXQDYH]DODxR
&DGDDxRV
*DQFKRGHFDUJD\JULOOHWH
5HYLVLyQGHORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDG
0DQJXHUDVGHSURWHFFLyQ
5HSDUDFLRQHV
7DVDGHGHVOL]DPLHQWR
5HWLUDGDGHOVHUYLFLR\HOLPLQDFLyQ
'LUHFWULFHV5HWLUDGDGHOVHUYLFLR\HOLPLQDFLyQ
ËQGLFHDOIDEpWLFR
'HVFULSFLyQWpFQLFD



 
Capítulo 1

&$3Ë78/2

1RWDVVREUHHOPDQXDOGH
LQVWUXFFLRQHV

En este capítulo
0DQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV
9DOLGH]GHOPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV
7pUPLQRV\GHILQLFLRQHV
6tPERORV
*UiILFRVHLOXVWUDFLRQHV




   
Capítulo 1 Notas sobre el manual de instrucciones

0DQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV
(VWHPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVKDVLGRUHGDFWDGRSDUDSRVLELOLWDUHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRVHQFLOOR\VHJXURGHO
DSDUDWR
(OPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVHVSDUWHFRQVWLWXWLYDGHODSDUDWR
*XDUGHVLHPSUHHOPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVHQHODSDUDWR FDELQDGHOFRQGXFWRU 


¡Nota!(QFDVRGHSpUGLGDRGHWHULRURGHHVWHPDQXDOGH
LQVWUXFFLRQHVVROLFLWHXQQXHYRHMHPSODUDVXVHUYLFLRDXWRUL]DGR
 SRVYHQWD3$/),1*(5

(O PDQXDO GH LQVWUXFFLRQHV \ ODV KRMDV WpFQLFDV GHO DQH[R QR VRQ XQ VXVWLWXWLYR GH OD QHFHVDULD
LQVWUXFFLyQ
'LUtMDVHGHLQPHGLDWRDVXVHUYLFLRDXWRUL]DGRSRVYHQWD3$/),1*(5VLHQHOPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV
VH GHVFULEH DOJ~Q SXQWR GH IRUPD SRFR FODUD \ QR LQHTXtYRFD &XDOTXLHU VXJHUHQFLD SRU SDUWH GH
QXHVWURV FOLHQWHV VHUi UHFLELGD FRQ DJUDGR \ D\XGDUi D FRQILJXUDU HVWH PDQXDO GH LQVWUXFFLRQHV GH
IRUPDTXHVHDPiVGHVFULSWLYR\IiFLOGHHQWHQGHUSRUORVRSHUDGRUHV3$/),1*(5QRDVXPHJDUDQWtD
DOJXQDFRQUHODFLyQDODVWUDGXFFLRQHV(QFDVRGHWUDGXFFLRQHVGHIHFWXRVDVRGHDPELJHGDGHQODV
PLVPDVODYHUVLyQRULJLQDOHQDOHPiQGHHVWDVLQVWUXFFLRQHVGHXVRVHUiVLHPSUHODYiOLGD


¡Nota!$GMXQWRDHVWHPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVHQFRQWUDUiWDPELpQ
 HO'9'3$/),1*(5©(QODJU~Dª

$FWXDOLGDGDOOOHYDUORDLPSULPLU
(O HPSHxR GH 3$/),1*(5 HV XWLOL]DU HQ HO DSDUDWR VLHPSUH OD WHFQRORJtD PiV DFWXDO \ DYDQ]DGD
PHGLDQWH HO SHUIHFFLRQDPLHQWR FRQWLQXR (OOR SXHGH VHU FDXVD GH TXH H[LVWDQ GLIHUHQFLDV HQWUH HO
PDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV\HODSDUDWRFRQFUHWRTXHREUDHQVXSRGHU
'LUtMDVHGHLQPHGLDWRDVXVHUYLFLRDXWRUL]DGRSRVYHQWD3$/),1*(5VLDOJXQDIXQFLyQQRVHGHVFULEH
GHIRUPDVXILFLHQWHRVHGHVFULEHGHIRUPDHUUyQHD
/DVLQGLFDFLRQHVLOXVWUDFLRQHV\GHVFULSFLRQHVFRQWHQLGDVHQHVWHPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVQRSXHGHQ
VHUYLU GH IXQGDPHQWR SDUD QLQJ~Q WLSR GH UHFODPDFLRQHV MXUtGLFDV SRU SDUWH GHO WLWXODU RSHUDGRU R
VHUYLFLRSRVYHQWDDXWRUL]DGR

‹&RS\ULJKWE\3$/),1*(5 /DUHSURGXFFLyQ LQFOXVRSDUFLDOPHQWH H[LJHODSUHYLD
DXWRUL]DFLyQSRUHVFULWRGH
3$/),1*(5$*
)UDQ]:ROIUDP6FKHUHU6WUD‰H
6DO]EXUJR$XVWULD



9DOLGH]GHOPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV
(VWHPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVHVYiOLGRH[FOXVLYDPHQWHSDUDHODSDUDWRLQGLFDGRHQODSRUWDGD6ROR
WLHQHYDOLGH]MXQWRFRQORVPDQXDOHVGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVGHWRGRVORVHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHVXWLOL]DGRVHQHO
DSDUDWRRHQHOYHKtFXOR





   
Notas sobre el manual de instrucciones




7pUPLQRV\GHILQLFLRQHV
7LWXODU 3URSLHWDULRWRPDGRUHQOHDVLQJRDUUHQGDWDULRGHODSDUDWRXWLOL]DHODSDUDWRPDQHMDpO
PLVPRHODSDUDWRRHQFDUJDVXPDQHMRDWHUFHURV
2SHUDGRU 7RGRDTXHOTXHSRQHHODSDUDWRHQHVWDGRGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
3XHVWDHQVHUYLFLR &RQHFWDUHODSDUDWRLQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWHGHFRQTXpREMHWR XWLOL]DFLyQ
PDQWHQLPLHQWRVHUYLFLRHWFpWHUD 
$X[LOLDU $\XGDSHURQRPDQHMDHODSDUDWR
&DUURFHURLQVWDODGRU 0RQWDHODSDUDWRHQHOYHKtFXOR
6HUYLFLRDXWRUL]DGR $XWRUL]DGRSRU3$/),1*(5
SRVWYHQWD
3HUVRQDFRPSHWHQWH $TXHOODSHUVRQDTXLHQDFDXVDGHVXIRUPDFLyQWpFQLFD\VXH[SHULHQFLDSRVHH
FRQRFLPLHQWRVVXILFLHQWHVVREUHJU~DVGHFDUJD\DGHPiVHVWiIDPLOLDUL]DGDFRQODV
OH\HV\ORVUHJODPHQWRVHVWDWDOHVSHUWLQHQWHVHQXQJUDGRWDOTXHHVWiHQGLVSRVLFLyQ
GHHYDOXDUHOHVWDGRGHODJU~DHQFXDQWRDVXVHJXULGDG
&RPRHVGHELGR $FW~DDTXHOTXHREVHUYD\FXPSOHODVREOLJDFLRQHVGHREUDUFRQGLOLJHQFLDTXHOHVRQ
H[LJLGDVHQUD]yQGHVXDFWLYLGDG
&RQQHJOLJHQFLD $FW~DDTXHOTXHKDFHFDVRRPLVRGHODVREOLJDFLRQHVTXHOHVRQH[LJLGDVHQUD]yQGH
VXDFWLYLGDG
&RQQHJOLJHQFLDJUDYH $FW~DDTXHOTXHQRSUHVWDDWHQFLyQDORTXHGHEHVHUREYLRSDUDFXDOTXLHUDHQXQD
FLUFXQVWDQFLDGDGD
0RPHQWRGHFDUJD (OPRPHQWRHMHUFLGRSRUODFDUJDORVHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHVODVHVOLQJDVHWFTXHFXHOJDQ
GHOJDQFKR
0RPHQWRLQWUtQVHFR (OPRPHQWRHMHUFLGRSRUHOSHVRSURSLRGHOVLVWHPDGHEUD]RV
0RPHQWRGHHOHYDFLyQ (VWiIRUPDGRSRUHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJD\HOPRPHQWRLQWUtQVHFR
WRWDO
)XHU]DGHHOHYDFLyQ /DIXHU]DDSOLFDGDSDUDHOHYDUXQFXHUSR
6LWXDFLyQGHVREUHFDUJD 6LWXDFLyQHQODTXHVHKDDOFDQ]DGRODFDUJDPi[LPDDGPLVLEOHSDUDODSRVLFLyQGH
WUDEDMRPRPHQWiQHD
3RVLFLyQGHWUDEDMR 3RVLFLyQGHODJU~D
=RQDGHWUDEDMR /D]RQDTXHVHQHFHVLWDSDUDUHDOL]DUHOWUDEDMR
=RQDGHPRYLPLHQWR /D]RQDHQODTXHVHSXHGHPRYHUODJU~D
0DUJHQGHFDUJD (OPDUJHQHQHOTXHVHSXHGHWUDEDMDUFRQFDUJDVFRQODJU~DHQFXHVWLyQ
7UD\HFWRULDGHODFDUJD (OFXUVRGHOFDPLQRUHFRUULGRSRUODFDUJDPRYLGD
6RVWHQHUODFDUJD 6RVWHQHUODFDUJDHOHYDGDEDMRODYLJLODQFLDGHORSHUDGRUPLHQWUDVHVWiQDFWLYDGRVORV
VLVWHPDVGHVHJXULGDGGHODJU~D
&RQGLFLyQGHHTXLSDGD *U~DSUHSDUDGDSDUDHOWUDEDMRFRUUHVSRQGLHQWH
8( 8QLyQ(XURSHD
0DUFDGR&( 0DUFDGRTXHLQGLFDTXHHODSDUDWRKDVLGRIDEULFDGRVHJ~QODVHVSHFLILFDFLRQHVGHODV
GLUHFWLYDVGHOD8QLyQ(XURSHD
,QVWUXFFLyQGH (ODERUDGDSRUHOWLWXODUSDUDFRQGLFLRQHVHVSHFLDOHVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHIRUPD
RSHUDFLyQ FRPSOHPHQWDULDDOSUHVHQWHPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV
0RGRGHHPHUJHQFLD 0RGRGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRQRSDUDHOPRGRQRUPDOGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODJU~D6LUYH
SDUDSRQHUODJU~DHQODSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWHGHVSXpVGHXQIDOORGHOVLVWHPD
HOpFWULFRRGHORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDG


   
Capítulo 1 Notas sobre el manual de instrucciones




6tPERORV
3DUD FRQILJXUDU HO PDQXDO GH LQVWUXFFLRQHV GH IRUPD TXH VHD FODUR ODV LQGLFDFLRQHV HVSHFLDOPHQWH
LPSRUWDQWHVODVLQVWUXFFLRQHVRORVSHOLJURVVHUHDO]DQPHGLDQWHVtPERORV\SDODEUDVGHDGYHUWHQFLD





 ¡Atención!
(VWHVtPEROR\HVWDSDODEUDGHDGYHUWHQFLDVHXVDQHQFDVRGHSHOLJUR
GHPXHUWHLQPLQHQWH
6LVHLJQRUDHVWDDGYHUWHQFLDGHVHJXULGDGH[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGH
PXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV




 ¡Precaución!
(VWHVtPEROR\HVWDSDODEUDGHDGYHUWHQFLDVHXVDQHQFDVRGHSHOLJUR
LQPLQHQWH
6LVHLJQRUDHVWDDGYHUWHQFLDGHVHJXULGDGH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGH
OHVLRQHVSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV(ODSDUDWRVXIULUiGDxRV




¡Nota!
 (VWHVtPEROR\HVWDSDODEUDGHDGYHUWHQFLDVHXVDQSDUDLQGLFDFLRQHV
HVSHFLDOPHQWHLPSRUWDQWHVTXHIDFLOLWDQHOWUDEDMRFRQHODSDUDWR


6tPERORSDUDSDODQFDVGHPDQGR
(QSXQWRQHXWUR  'HVSOD]DGD







*UiILFRVHLOXVWUDFLRQHV



¡Nota!$OJXQDVLOXVWUDFLRQHV HMHPSORUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHVGHODJU~D 
HQHVWHPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVVRQUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHVVLPEyOLFDV\
 VLUYHQVRORFRPRLOXVWUDFLyQ





   
Capítulo 2

&$3Ë78/2

5HTXLVLWRVGHVHJXULGDG\GH
SURWHFFLyQGHODVDOXG

En este capítulo
6HJXULGDGSDUDODVSHUVRQDV
0DOXVRSUHYLVLEOHGHODSDUDWR
5LHVJRVUHVLGXDOHV
5HJODPHQWRV\QRUPDVHVWDWDOHVUHODWLYRVDOXVRGHODSDUDWR
&RQGLFLRQHVGHWUDEDMRGHVIDYRUDEOHV
3HOLJURGHFDtGD
3HOLJURGHDSODVWDPLHQWR
3HOLJURGHVXIULUTXHPDGXUDV
(PLVLyQGHUXLGR
3HOLJURVSRUJDVHVGHHVFDSH
3HOLJURSRUOtQHDVHOpFWULFDV
'HVSXpVGHOPDQWHQLPLHQWRVHUYLFLRWpFQLFR\GHODV
UHSDUDFLRQHV




   
Capítulo 2 Requisitos de seguridad y de protección de la salud

6HJXULGDGSDUDODVSHUVRQDV
(VWH DSDUDWR HV XQD PiTXLQD GH WUDEDMR +D VLGR GLVHxDGR \ FRQVWUXLGR FRQIRUPH D ODV QRUPDV
GLUHFWLYDV \ SUHVFULSFLRQHV GH VHJXULGDG YLJHQWHV HQ OD 8( 6LQ HPEDUJR GXUDQWH VX XVR
PDQWHQLPLHQWRRVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRSXHGHQRULJLQDUVHSHOLJURVLPSUHYLVWRVSDUDODVSHUVRQDVHODSDUDWR
PLVPRXRWURVREMHWRV
/DVHJXULGDGGHORSHUDGRU\GHODVRWUDVSHUVRQDVGHEHHVWDUVLHPSUHHQSULPHUOXJDU
(VWiQSURKLELGDVODVVLWXDFLRQHVGXUDQWHHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRHQODVTXHVHSRQJDHQSHOLJURDORSHUDGRU
RDRWUDVSHUVRQDV
(Q FDVR GH TXH VH XWLOLFH LQGHELGDPHQWH FRQ LPSUXGHQFLD R VH FRPHWDQ HUURUHV HQ VX PDQLREUD HO
DSDUDWRSUHVHQWDUiXQDOWRSRWHQFLDOGHSHOLJUR
£$QWHV GH UHDOL]DU QLQJXQD PDQLSXODFLyQ R GH SRQHU HQ PDUFKD HO DSDUDWR HO RSHUDGRU GHEH
DVHJXUDUVHGHTXHQLpOPLVPRQLRWUDVSHUVRQDVVHHQFXHQWUHQHQOD]RQDSHOLJURVD
(ORSHUDGRUGHEHFRQRFHU\HQWHQGHUWRGDVODVLQGLFDFLRQHVGHVHJXULGDGFRQWHQLGDVHQHOPDQXDOGH
LQVWUXFFLRQHV\HOVLJQLILFDGRGHWRGRVORVUyWXORV

5RSDGHSURWHFFLyQ
(QWRGDDFWLYLGDGHQHODSDUDWRFRPR
x OLPSLH]D\PDQWHQLPLHQWR
x SUHSDUDFLyQ
x WRGRVORVFRQWUROHV
x IXQFLRQDPLHQWR
x VHUYLFLRWpFQLFR\UHSDUDFLRQHV
GHEHOOHYDUVHURSDGHSURWHFFLyQDGHFXDGDDOSHOLJUR
$QWHVGHSRQHUVHODURSDGHSURWHFFLyQTXtWHVHORVREMHWRVGHDGRUQRSHUVRQDO SRUHMHPSORDQLOORV
FROODUHVEUD]DOHWHVHWFpWHUD 


(TXLSRGHSURWHFFLyQLQGLYLGXDO
2SHUDFLyQURSDGHSURWHFFLyQJXDQWHVGHWUDEDMR]DSDWRVGHVHJXULGDGFDVFR
2WUDVDFWLYLGDGHVVHJ~QHOSHOLJUR SRUHMHPSORHTXLSRGHSURWHFFLyQDXGLWLYDHQFDVRGHDOWDHPLVLyQ
GHUXLGRJDIDVGHSURWHFFLyQJXDQWHVGHWUDEDMRFLQWXUyQSDUDVXMHFLyQ\UHWHQFLyQ 


   
Requisitos de seguridad y de protección de la salud




0DOXVRSUHYLVLEOHGHODSDUDWR


 ¡Atención!6LVHKDFHXQPDOXVRSUHYLVLEOHGHODSDUDWRH[LVWLUi
JUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV

/RVDFFLGHQWHVFDXVDGRVSRUXQPDOXVRSUHYLVLEOHVHUiQQHJOLJHQFLDJUDYHFXDQGR
x (ODSDUDWRVHXWLOLFHGHPDQHUDLQFRUUHFWDSDUDXQILQGLVWLQWRDOSUHYLVWR
x (ODSDUDWRVHDSXHVWRHQVHUYLFLR\XVDGRSRURSHUDGRUHVVLQODIRUPDFLyQUHTXHULGD\QR
FXDOLILFDGRV
x 6HKDJDFDVRRPLVRGHODVLQGLFDFLRQHVVREUHSHOLJURV\VHJXULGDGFRQWHQLGDVHQHVWHPDQXDOGH
LQVWUXFFLRQHV
x 6HSRQJDHQVHUYLFLRHODSDUDWRSHVHWHQHUVHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHTXHSUHVHQWDGHIHFWRV
x 1RVHHIHFW~HQORVWUDEDMRVGHPDQWHQLPLHQWRSUHYHQWLYRRFRUUHFWLYRRVHHIHFW~HQGHPDQHUD
GHILFLHQWH
x 6HXWLOLFHQSLH]DVGHUHSXHVWRQRRULJLQDOHVGHWHUFHURV
x (VWpQLQVWDODGDVSLH]DVGHUHSXHVWRGLVWLQWDVDODVRULJLQDOHVGH3$/),1*(5



5LHVJRVUHVLGXDOHV
(VWH PDQXDO GH LQVWUXFFLRQHV VLUYH FRPR JXtD &RQ pO ORV RSHUDGRUHV FXDOLILFDGRV HVWDUiQ HQ
FRQGLFLRQHV GH XWLOL]DU HO DSDUDWR GH IRUPD VHJXUD \ VLQ SHOLJUR 6LQ HPEDUJR GXUDQWH HO
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR SXHGHQ SURGXFLUVH VLWXDFLRQHV SHOLJURVDV TXH VHDQ LPSUHYLVLEOHV SDUD 3$/),1*(5
3RU HOOR 3$/),1*(5 QR SXHGH WUDWDU HVDV VLWXDFLRQHV SHOLJURVDV HQ HO SUHVHQWH PDQXDO GH
LQVWUXFFLRQHV
6LVHSURGXFHQWDOHVVLWXDFLRQHVSHOLJURVDVHORSHUDGRUGHEHUiDFWXDUFRQDQWLFLSDFLyQFRQVFLHQWHGH
ODVHJXULGDG\FRQUHVSRQVDELOLGDG\VHUiUHVSRQVDEOHGHODVRWUDVSHUVRQDV
/DVHJXULGDGGHODVSHUVRQDVGHEHVHUODPi[LPDSULRULGDGSDUDHORSHUDGRU






   
Capítulo 2 Requisitos de seguridad y de protección de la salud




5HJODPHQWRV\QRUPDVHVWDWDOHVUHODWLYRVDOXVRGHODSDUDWR
(O RSHUDGRU GHEH FRQRFHU \ UHVSHWDU ORV UHJODPHQWRV ODV QRUPDV \ ODV SUHVFULSFLRQHV GH VHJXULGDG
VREUHHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODSDUDWRHVSHFtILFRVGHOSDtV
6LHQHOPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVVHH[SOLFDQUHJODPHQWRV\SUHVFULSFLRQHVGHVHJXULGDGTXHHVWpQHQ
FRQWUDGLFFLyQFRQODVOH\HV\UHJODPHQWRVHVSHFtILFRVGHOSDtVODVOH\HV\ORVUHJODPHQWRVHVSHFtILFRV
GHOSDtVWHQGUiQSULPDFtD


&RQGLFLRQHVGHWUDEDMRGHVIDYRUDEOHV
1RHVWiSHUPLWLGRKDFHUIXQFLRQDUODJU~DHQFDVRGH
x 9HORFLGDGHVGHOYLHQWRVXSHULRUHVDNPK PSK 
x 9HORFLGDGHVGHOYLHQWRVXSHULRUHVDNPK PSK FRQFDUJDVGHJUDQVXSHUILFLHRFRQFDUJDV

HQSRVLFLyQHPSLQDGD
)XHU]DGHO
YLHQWRHQ 'HVFULSFLyQ PV NPK PSK
%HDXIRUW
0XHYHKRMDVGHiUEROHV\
EDQGHUDV(OYLHQWRVH
D VLHQWHHQODFDUD/RV Pi[ Pi[ Pi[
JDOODUGHWHVFRPLHQ]DQD
RQGHDU
$JLWDKRMDV\UDPDVGH
iUEROHVHQFRQVWDQWH
 PRYLPLHQWR/RV D D D
JDOODUGHWHVRQGHDQ
SOHQDPHQWH
0XHYHODVUDPDV
3ROYDUHGD6HHOHYDQORV
 D D D
SDSHOHVOLJHURV2QGHDQ
ODVEDQGHUDV
0XHYHDUEROLWRV6H
IRUPDQRQGDVHQODJRV\
 D D D
HVWDQTXHV/HYDQWD
EDVWDQWHSROYR
0XHYHUDPDVJUDQGHV\
HVPX\GLItFLOOOHYDUDELHUWR
 HOSDUDJXDV6LOEDUGHO D D D
YLHQWRHQWHQGLGRVGH
OtQHDVHOpFWULFDV
0XHYHiUEROHV\HVGLItFLO
FDPLQDUFRQWUDHOYLHQWR
/DVEDQGHUDVVRQ
 DUUDQFDGDV$SDUHFHQORV D D D
SULPHURVGDxRVHQ
WHQGLGRVGHOtQHDV
HOpFWULFDV
x $PHQD]DGHWRUPHQWD
x 7HPSHUDWXUDVDPELHQWHLQIHULRUHVD±ƒ& ±ƒ) RVXSHULRUHVDƒ& ƒ) /D

WHPSHUDWXUDDPELHQWHPHGLDGXUDQWHHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRQRGHEHVXSHUDUORVƒ& ƒ) 
¡Atención!,QFXPSOLUHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHVGHWUDEDMRFRQGXFHD
 SHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWURVRDTXHVHSURGX]FDQ
GDxRVHQODJU~D



   
Requisitos de seguridad y de protección de la salud

3HOLJURGHFDtGD



 ¡Precaución!6XELUVHDODSDUDWRSXHGHRFDVLRQDUTXHODSHUVRQDVH
FDLJDRTXHVHGDxHHODSDUDWR([LVWHJUDYHSHOLJURGHDFFLGHQWH

(VWiSURKLELGRWUHSDUDODSDUDWR
([FHSFLyQ 6XELU D ORV SXHVWRV GH PDQGR SRU ORV PHGLRV DX[LOLDUHV GH VXELGD véase «Puesto de
mando elevado, asiento elevado», capítulo 6 RVXELUDOSXHVWRGHPDQGRGHHPHUJHQFLDVLWXDGRHQ
OD FROXPQD GH OD JU~D YpDVH ©0RGR GH PDQGR GH HPHUJHQFLD WUDV HO IDOOR GHO VLVWHPD GH PDQGR D
GLVWDQFLDªFDStWXOR 
1RHVWiSHUPLWLGRXVDUORVFDEOHVVHQVRUHVEULGDVGHILMDFLyQSDUDVHQVRUHVSLWRQHVGHDUUDVWUHSDUD
VHQVRUHVHWFpWHUDFRPRSHOGDxRVQLFRPRDVLGHURV


 ¡Precaución!6LIXHUDQHFHVDULRWUHSDUDODSDUDWR LQVSHFFLyQ
YLVXDOPDQWHQLPLHQWRVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRHWF GHEHUiXWLOL]DUVHXQ
PHGLRDX[LOLDUGHVXELGD SRUHMHPSORXQDHVFDOHUD 






   
Capítulo 2 Requisitos de seguridad y de protección de la salud




3HOLJURGHDSODVWDPLHQWR




¡Atención!6LQRVHUHVSHWDQODVGLVWDQFLDVPtQLPDVLQGLFDGDV
 H[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHDSODVWDPLHQWR

£(VWiQSURKLELGDVODVVLWXDFLRQHVGXUDQWHHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRHQODVTXHH[LVWDSHOLJURGHDSODVWDPLHQWR
SDUDHORSHUDGRUXRWUDVSHUVRQDV
'LVWDQFLDVPtQLPDVQHFHVDULDV


/D]RQDGHDSODVWDPLHQWRSDUDODVSDUWHVGHOFXHUSRLQGLFDGDVDQWHULRUPHQWHQRVHFRQVLGHUD]RQDGH
SHOLJURVLGDG VL VH UHVSHWDQ ODV GLVWDQFLDV GH VHJXULGDG LQGLFDGDV $GHPiV GHEH HVWDU DVHJXUDGR HO
TXHODVLJXLHQWHSDUWHGHOFXHUSRPiVJUDQGHQRSXHGDDOFDQ]DUOD]RQDGHDSODVWDPLHQWR


=RQDVGHDSODVWDPLHQWR


3RVLEOHV]RQDVGHDSODVWDPLHQWR



(QIXQFLyQGHODHVWUXFWXUD\GHODXWLOL]DFLyQSXHGHQVXUJLURWUDV]RQDVGHDSODVWDPLHQWR


   
Requisitos de seguridad y de protección de la salud




3HOLJURGHVXIULUTXHPDGXUDV
$OJXQRV FRPSRQHQWHV SXHGHQ FDOHQWDUVH IXHUWHPHQWH GXUDQWH HO IXQFLRQDPLHQWR FRQGXFWRV
PDQJXHUDV YiOYXODV SDODQFDV GH PDQGR HQ ODV YiOYXODV DFRSODPLHQWRV GH PDQJXHUD FLOLQGURV
KLGUiXOLFRVPRWRUHVROHRKLGUiXOLFRVERPEDVHWFpWHUD 
3RUHOORSXHGHQSURGXFLUVHTXHPDGXUDVHQFDVRGHFRQWDFWRFRQGLFKRVHOHPHQWRV
£(QFDVRGHTXHVHSURGX]FDQIXJDVGHDFHLWHH[LVWHSHOLJURGHHVFDOGDPLHQWRVLVHHQWUDHQFRQWDFWR
FRQHOPLVPR
&RQHOILQGHHYLWDUTXHPDGXUDVHOVLVWHPDGHHVFDSHGHOYHKtFXORGHEHHVWDUFXELHUWRHQOD]RQDGH
LQWHUYHQFLyQRGHEHPDQWHQHUVHXQDGLVWDQFLDVXILFLHQWHDOPLVPR


£1RIXPDU
£1RXWLOL]DUOODPDVGHVQXGDV





(PLVLyQGHUXLGR
 ¡Precaución!/DVDOXGGHORSHUDGRU\GHODVSHUVRQDVVLWXDGDV
DOUHGHGRUHVWDUiHQJUDYHSHOLJURHQFDVRGHH[SRVLFLyQFRQWLQXDDXQ
QLYHOEDMRGHUXLGRRGHH[SRVLFLyQSRUFRUWRHVSDFLRGHWLHPSRDXQ
DOWRQLYHOGHUXLGR


)XHQWHSULQFLSDOGHUXLGR 0RWRUGHOYHKtFXOR
0HGLGDVGHSURWHFFLyQ (TXLSRGHSURWHFFLyQDXGLWLYD

/RV RSHUDGRUHV GHEHQ REVHUYDU ODV QRUPDV \ ODV OH\HV HVSHFtILFDV GHO SDtV UHODWLYDV D OD SURWHFFLyQ
FRQWUDHOUXLGR
9DORUHVPHGLGRV
(QORVSXHVWRVGHPDQGRGHJU~DVGHFDUJDTXHHVWpQLQVWDODGDVVREUHYHKtFXORVFRQPRWRUHVGLpVHO
WDPELpQFXDQGRODPDQLREUDVHHIHFW~HPHGLDQWHWHOHPDQGRDPGHGLVWDQFLDGHOYHKtFXOR ²QLYHO
GH LQWHQVLGDG VRQRUD VHJ~Q YHKtFXOR \ HVWDGR GH IXQFLRQDPLHQWR YHORFLGDG GH UDOHQWt YHORFLGDG D
SOHQDFDUJD ²VHDOFDQ]DQGHSHQGLHQGRGHODLQVWDODFLyQGHJU~DFRQFUHWDORVVLJXLHQWHVYDORUHV
x &RQHOPRWRUGHOYHKtFXORDXQDYHORFLGDGGHUDOHQWtEDMDRELHQDOWDGHDG% $ 
x &RQODJU~DHQIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHDG% $ 

x (OQLYHOGHSRWHQFLDDF~VWLFDHVGHDG% $ 
¡Indicación!3DUDUHGXFLUODVPROHVWLDVSRUUXLGRVHUHFRPLHQGD
 PDQWHQHUODYHORFLGDGGHUDOHQWtDXQQLYHOEDMR\VLWXDUVHDXQD
GLVWDQFLDGHOPRWRUGHOYHKtFXORVXSHULRUDPFXDQGRVHXWLOLFHHO
PDQGRDGLVWDQFLD


   
Capítulo 2 Requisitos de seguridad y de protección de la salud




3HOLJURVSRUJDVHVGHHVFDSH
/RVFRPSRQHQWHVGHORVJDVHVGHHVFDSHFRPRHOPRQy[LGRGHFDUERQRORVy[LGRVGHQLWUyJHQRRHO
KROOtQGHOJDVyOHRSXHGHQSRQHUHQSHOLJURDORSHUDGRUFXDQGRHVWiHQHOSXHVWRGHPDQGR
3RUHOORGHEHSUHVWDUVHDWHQFLyQDTXH
x /RVJDVHVGHHVFDSHGHOYHKtFXORQRGHVHPERTXHQHQOD]RQDGRQGHVHHQFXHQWUDQORVSXHVWRV
GHPDQGR
x &XDQGRVHWUDEDMHHQUHFLQWRVFHUUDGRVORVJDVHVGHHVFDSHGHOYHKtFXORGHEHQVHUFRQGXFLGRV

DOH[WHULRUPHGLDQWHPHGLRVDX[LOLDUHVDGHFXDGRV

3HOLJURSRUOtQHDVHOpFWULFDV




 ¡Atención!<DFRQVRORDFHUFDUVHDXQDOtQHDHOpFWULFDVHSURGXFH
XQDUFRHOpFWULFR(ORSHUDGRUUHFLELUtDXQFKRTXHHOpFWULFRPRUWDO

/DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV\ODDOWXUDGHODVOtQHDVHOpFWULFDVQRGLFHQDGDVREUHVXWHQVLyQ
6LVHGHVFRQRFHODWHQVLyQODGLVWDQFLDPtQLPD D REVHUYDUUHVSHFWR D ODOtQHD HV GH PHWURV 
SLHV  (VWR HV GH DSOLFDFLyQ SDUD OD JU~D HTXLSRV DX[LOLDUHV FDEUHVWDQWH FDEOH DFFHVRULRV GH
HOHYDFLyQ\ODFDUJD


¡Indicación! /DVGLVWDQFLDVPtQLPDVUHVSHFWRDOtQHDVHQ
 FRQGXFFLyQHVSHFtILFDVGHFDGDSDtVSXHGHQGLIHULUGHODVGLVWDQFLDV
PtQLPDVLQGLFDGDVDTXt3RUHOORHORSHUDGRUHVWiREOLJDGRDFXPSOLU
ORVUHJODPHQWRVHVSHFtILFRVGHVXSDtV

x 5HVSHFWRDODVOtQHDVHOpFWULFDVGHEHJXDUGDUVHVLHPSUHODGLVWDQFLDPtQLPDQHFHVDULD
x (VWiSURKLELGRSRUSULQFLSLRWUDEDMDUSRUHQFLPDGHOtQHDVHOpFWULFDV
x $QWHVGHFRPHQ]DUDWUDEDMDUVROLFLWHLQIRUPDFLRQHVVREUHODWHQVLyQGHODOtQHDDODHPSUHVD
H[SORWDGRUDGHODOtQHD
x 6LDFDXVDGHOWUDEDMRQRHVSRVLEOHUHVSHWDUODGLVWDQFLDPtQLPDVHUiQHFHVDULRTXHODVOtQHDV
HVWpQGHVFRQHFWDGDV£1RUHVSHWDUODGLVWDQFLDPtQLPDVLQGHVFRQHFWDUODVOtQHDVHVLPSUXGHQFLD
WHPHUDULDHLPSOLFDSHOLJURGHPXHUWH
$ WHQHU HQ FXHQWD DGLFLRQDOPHQWH &RQ YLHQWR ODV OtQHDV HOpFWULFDV RVFLODQ /DV OtQHDV HOpFWULFDV
SXHGHQHQFRQWUDUVHWDPELpQIXHUDGHODOFDQFHYLVXDOGHORSHUDGRU
(O EUD]R GH FDUJD GH OD JU~D R OD FDUJD SXHGHQ RVFLODU FRPR XQ SpQGXOR SRU XQ PRYLPLHQWR EUXVFR
WDPELpQ KDFLD DUULED  3RU HVWH PRYLPLHQWR LQWHPSHVWLYR SXHGH SURGXFLUVH XQD DSUR[LPDFLyQ D XQD
OtQHDHQFRQGXFFLyQ6HSURGXFLUiXQDUFRHOpFWULFRDODJU~DORVHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHVDOGLVSRVLWLYRGH
HOHYDFLyQGHODFDUJDRODFDUJD


   
Requisitos de seguridad y de protección de la salud

'LVWDQFLDVPtQLPDVDOtQHDVHQFRQGXFFLyQ

7HQVLyQ 7HQVLyQPtQLPD

+DVWDYROWLRV PHWURV SLHV 

'HVFRQRFLGDRVXSHULRUDYROWLRV PHWURV SLHV 


 

0HGLGDVHQFDVRGHXQDGHVFDUJDHOpFWULFD


¡Nota! ÒQLFDPHQWHPHGLDQWHXQDUHDFFLyQFRUUHFWDHVSRVLEOHHYLWDU
 XQDFFLGHQWHGHFRQVHFXHQFLDVJUDYHV
x 0DQWHQJDODFDOPDQRVHPXHYD


x $GYLHUWDDODVSHUVRQDVVLWXDGDVDOUHGHGRU\H[KyUWHOHVDPDQWHQHUODGLVWDQFLDGHVHJXULGDG


 ¡Atención!(QFDVRGHFRQWDFWRGHXQDOtQHDHQFRQGXFFLyQFRQHO
VXHORVHSURGXFHXQD]RQDGHLQIOXHQFLD'HQWURGHOD]RQDGH
LQIOXHQFLDH[LVWHJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH
x 'LVWDQFLDPtQLPDDOYHKtFXORDSDUDWRDODFDUJDRDOtQHDVGHUULEDGDVDOPHQRVPHWURV
SLHV  ]RQDGHLQIOXHQFLD 
x $EDQGRQHOD]RQDGHLQIOXHQFLDVRODPHQWHEULQFDQGR$OKDFHUOR\GHELGRDODWHQVLyQGHSDVR
PDQWHQJDODVSLHUQDVFHUUDGDV
x 1RDEDQGRQHEDMRQLQJXQDFLUFXQVWDQFLDHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGRHODVLHQWRHOHYDGROD
FDELQDGHOFRQGXFWRUODVXSHUILFLHGHFDUJDRODFHVWDGHSHUVRQDO0DQWpQJDVHHQHOOXJDUHQHO
TXHVHHQFXHQWUD\QRWRTXHQLQJ~QREMHWR
x 1RWRTXHHODSDUDWRODFDUJDQLODVOtQHDVGHUULEDGDV

x 2UGHQHHQVHJXLGDTXHVHGHVFRQHFWHQODVOtQHDVHQFRQGXFFLyQ

 ¡Atención!*UDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWHHQFDVRGHDSUR[LPDFLyQDXQD
SHUVRQDXQDSDUDWRRODFDUJDTXHVHHQFXHQWUHHQHOFLUFXLWR
HOpFWULFR



x $QWHVGHUHVFDWDUDSHUVRQDVTXHVHHQFXHQWUHQHQHOFLUFXLWRHOpFWULFRHVQHFHVDULRGHVFRQHFWDU
ODOtQHDHQFRQGXFFLyQ






   
Capítulo 2 Requisitos de seguridad y de protección de la salud




'HVSXpVGHOPDQWHQLPLHQWRVHUYLFLRWpFQLFR\GHODV
UHSDUDFLRQHV



¡Nota! £'HVSXpVGHFDGDPDQWHQLPLHQWRUHSDUDFLyQRVHUYLFLR
WpFQLFRHVLQGLVSHQVDEOHYHULILFDUHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHWRGRVORV
 GLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDGH[LVWHQWHVHQHODSDUDWR WDQWRORVHVWiQGDU
FRPRORVRSFLRQDOHV 




   
Capítulo 3

&$3Ë78/2

*HQHUDOLGDGHV

En este capítulo
0DUFD&(GHFRQIRUPLGDG
0RQWDMHGHOHTXLSR
0RGLILFDFLRQHVHQHODSDUDWR
3HUVRQDORSHUDGRU




   
Capítulo 3 Generalidades

0DUFD&(GHFRQIRUPLGDG
(QOD8(\HQGHWHUPLQDGRVSDtVHVVRODPHQWHHVWiSHUPLWLGRXVDUHODSDUDWRFRQ
x 0DUFD&(GHFRQIRUPLGDGYiOLGDSDUDHODSDUDWR\ODVXSHUHVWUXFWXUD
x 'HFODUDFLyQGHFRQIRUPLGDGYiOLGDSDUDHODSDUDWR\ODVXSHUHVWUXFWXUD
&RQHOORVHFXPSOHQODVH[LJHQFLDVGHOD8(
0DUFDGR&(0DUFDGRTXHLQGLFDTXHHODSDUDWRKDVLGRIDEULFDGRVHJ~QODVHVSHFLILFDFLRQHVGHODV
GLUHFWLYDVGHOD8QLyQ(XURSHD
/RVHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHVQHFHVLWDQVXSURSLRPDUFDGR&(\VXSURSLDGHFODUDFLyQGHFRQIRUPLGDG

,


0RQWDMHGHOHTXLSR
3RUXQVHUYLFLRSRVYHQWDDXWRUL]DGRGH3$/),1*(5\GHDFXHUGRFRQODVHVSHFLILFDFLRQHVGHPRQWDMH
GH3$/),1*(5
6LIXHUDOHJDOPHQWHREOLJDWRULDXQDUHFHSFLyQVHUiQHFHVDULRKDFHUOD
6L HO PRQWDMH GLILHUH GHO PRQWDMH FRPR JU~D FDUJDGRUD VREUH FDPLyQ SRU HMHPSOR PRQWDMH
HVWDFLRQDULR  ORV YDORUHV GH OD FDUJD Pi[LPD GH XWLOL]DFLyQ SXHGHQ VHU GLIHUHQWHV (Q FDVR GH TXH
DOJRQRHVWpFODURFRQVXOWHDOVHUYLFLRSRVYHQWDDXWRUL]DGRGH3$/),1*(5
(QWUHJDGHOHTXLSRDOXVXDULRWLWXODURSHUDGRU
x &XUVLOORGHIRUPDFLyQFRPSOHWRVREUHHOPDQHMRGHODSDUDWRLQFOXLGRVXHTXLSRDVRFLDGR
x $GYHUWHQFLDVREUHWRGRVORVSHOLJURV\ULHVJRVUHVLGXDOHV
x ([SOLFDFLyQGHWRGRVORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDG
x (QWUHJDGHOPDQXDOGHPDQWHQLPLHQWRGHOPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV LQFOXLGRVORVFRPSOHPHQWRV
UHODWLYRVDODVXSHUHVWUXFWXUD \GHODGHFODUDFLyQGHFRQIRUPLGDGSDUDHOYHKtFXORODJU~DORV
HTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHVHWFpWHUD
x &RQILUPDFLyQGHODSRVLEOHUHFHSFLyQH[LJLGDOHJDOPHQWH
x 5HJLVWURJDUDQWtDFRPHUFLDOJDUDQWtDOHJDO
(OWLWXODUGHODSDUDWRGHEHUiGLVSRQHUODVSRVLEOHVLQVSHFFLRQHVSHULyGLFDVSUHVFULWDVOHJDOPHQWH


   
Generalidades




0RGLILFDFLRQHVHQHODSDUDWR



¡Nota!£(VWiSURKLELGRHIHFWXDUFXDOTXLHUWLSRGHPRGLILFDFLRQHVSRU
SDUWHGHOWLWXODURGHORSHUDGRUDVtFRPRTXLWDUQLQJ~QGLVSRVLWLYRGH
 SURWHFFLyQ([FHSFLyQSURWHFFLyQFRQWUDODFRUURVLyQ\WUDEDMRVGH
PDQWHQLPLHQWRVHJ~QHOFDStWXOR©0DQWHQLPLHQWRª


¡Atención!£6LHOWLWXODURHORSHUDGRUHIHFW~DQPRGLILFDFLRQHVHQHO
 DSDUDWRRVLVHTXLWDQGLVSRVLWLYRVGHSURWHFFLyQH[LVWLUiJUDYH
SHOLJURGHPXHUWH

6ROR ORV VHUYLFLRV DXWRUL]DGRV SRVYHQWD GH 3$/),1*(5 HVWiQ DXWRUL]DGRV D UHDOL]DU PRGLILFDFLRQHV
HQHODSDUDWR


3HUVRQDORSHUDGRU
(VWHHTXLSRHVXQHTXLSRFRQGXFLGRGHOTXHSXHGHHPDQDUXQJUDQSHOLJURSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDV
SHUVRQDV HQ FDVR GH PDQHMR HTXLYRFDGR R LQDGHFXDGR 3RU HOOR VRODPHQWH SHUVRQDV TXH FXPSODQ
WRGDV ODV FRQGLFLRQHV LQGLFDGDV PiV DEDMR HVWiQ DXWRUL]DGDV SDUD SRQHU HO DSDUDWR HQ HVWDGR GH
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR


 ¡Atención!6LVHPDQHMDHODSDUDWRVLQODGHELGDLQVWUXFFLyQOD
QHFHVDULDIRUPDFLyQ\RVLQFRQRFHUHVWHPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV
H[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV




¡Indicación!(OWLWXODUGHEHIRUPDUDPSOLDPHQWHDORVRSHUDGRUHVR
 GLVSRQHUVXIRUPDFLyQ(VWRVRSHUDGRUHVGHEHQFXPSOLUWRGDVODV
H[LJHQFLDVPHQFLRQDGDVDTXt

(OIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHHVWHDSDUDWRH[LJHSRUSDUWHGHORSHUDGRU
x $PSOLD\FRPSOHWDLQVWUXFFLyQVREUHHVWHDSDUDWR
x &RQRFHUHOFRQWHQLGRGHHVWHPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV
x +DEHUHQWHQGLGRHOFRQWHQLGRGHOFXUVLOORGHIRUPDFLyQ\HOGHOPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV
x &RQRFHUHOFRQWHQLGRGHORVPDQXDOHVGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVGHWRGRVORVHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHVXWLOL]DGRV
x &RQRFHUORVUHJODPHQWRVODVQRUPDV\ODVOH\HVQDFLRQDOHVHVSHFtILFRVVREUHHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
GHHVWHDSDUDWR\GHWRGRVORVHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHVXWLOL]DGRV
x $SWLWXGItVLFD\PHQWDO
x &DSDFLGDGGHFRQFHQWUDFLyQUHVSRQVDELOLGDGILDELOLGDG
x /DIRUPDFLyQH[LJLGDSRUOH\ WHQJDHQFXHQWDODVOH\HVHVSHFtILFDVGHOSDtV 
x 1RHVWDUOLPLWDGRSRUHOHIHFWRGHODOFRKROGHGURJDVQLGHPHGLFDPHQWRV
x (GDGPtQLPD UHVSHWHODVOH\HVHVSHFtILFDVGHOSDtV 



   
Capítulo 4

&$3Ë78/2

$SDUDWR\IXQFLyQ

En este capítulo
&RPSRQHQWHVSULQFLSDOHV
,FRQRVGHORVPDQGRV
/ODYHVGHFRQPXWDFLyQ\SXOVDGRUHV
6tPERORVGHLQGLFDFLRQHVGHSHOLJUR
5HVXPHQGHVHxDOHVSODFDV\HWLTXHWDV




   
Capítulo 4 Aparato y función

&RPSRQHQWHVSULQFLSDOHV
(ODSDUDWRUHSUHVHQWDGRHVXQHMHPSOR\PXHVWUDWDPELpQFRPSRQHQWHVTXHSXHGHQHQFRQWUDUVHVROR
FRPRRSFLyQHQHODSDUDWRGHVXSURSLHGDGVHJ~QFXiOVHDVXYHUVLyQ\YDULDQWH



(QODSiJLQDVLJXLHQWHHQFRQWUDUiODVGHQRPLQDFLRQHVGHORVFRPSRQHQWHVSULQFLSDOHV





   
Aparato y función




&RPSRQHQWHVSULQFLSDOHV


 3XHVWRGHPDQGRDQLYHOGHOVXHOR
 7RUQLOORVGHILMDFLyQGHODJU~D HVSiUUDJRVGHEULGD 
 *DWRHVWDELOL]DGRUSLYRWDQWH
 *DWRHVWDELOL]DGRUILMR
 ([WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU
 ([WHQVLyQWHOHVFySLFDGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU
 5HIULJHUDFLyQSDUDDFHLWHKLGUiXOLFR
 0HFDQLVPRGHRULHQWDFLyQ

 %DVWLGRUEDVH

 &ROXPQDGHODJU~D
 &LOLQGURGHHOHYDFLyQ
 3XHVWRGHPDQGRGHDVLHQWRHOHYDGR

 3DODQFDDFRGDGD
 &DEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOH
 %UD]RSULQFLSDO
 &LOLQGURGHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGR
 &LOLQGURVSDUDEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQKLGUiXOLFRV
 %UD]RDUWLFXODGR
 %UD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQKLGUiXOLFRV
 ([WHQVLRQHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWRPHFiQLFR
 *DQFKRGHFDUJD
 0DQGRDGLVWDQFLDSRUUDGLRIUHFXHQFLDFRQVRODWUDQVPLVRUD
 %DODQFtQ








   
Capítulo 4 Aparato y función




,FRQRVGHORVPDQGRV
$FRQWLQXDFLyQVHH[SOLFDQORVLFRQRVGHORVHOHPHQWRVGHPDQGR/DGLVSRVLFLyQGHODVIXQFLRQHV
LFRQRV HQXQSXHVWRGHPDQGRFRQFUHWRSXHGHGLIHULUGHOHMHPSORUHSUHVHQWDGRDFRQWLQXDFLyQ3RU
HOORHVLPSUHVFLQGLEOHIDPLOLDUL]DUVHFRQODGLVSRVLFLyQGHORVLFRQRVHQHOHTXLSR
,FRQRVHQODFRQVRODGHPDQGRDGLVWDQFLDYpDVHHOPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVGHOWHOHPDQGR


([WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUODGRGHORSHUDGRU


5HWUDHU


 ([WHQGHU




*DWRHVWDELOL]DGRUODGRGHORSHUDGRU


6XELU


 %DMDU 



([WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUSDUDHVWDELOL]DGRUDGLFLRQDOODGRGHORSHUDGRU


5HWUDHU


 ([WHQGHU



*DWRHVWDELOL]DGRUSDUDHVWDELOL]DGRUDGLFLRQDOODGRGHORSHUDGRU


6XELU


 %DMDU 


*LURGHRULHQWDFLyQ


(QVHQWLGRKRUDULR
GHUHFKD 

(QVHQWLGRDQWLKRUDULR
 L]TXLHUGD  


   
Aparato y función


%UD]RSULQFLSDO


%DMDU


 6XELU 



%UD]RDUWLFXODGR


%DMDU


 6XELU




%UD]RGHH[WHQVLyQ


([WHQGHU


 5HWUDHU 



5RWDGRU


(QVHQWLGRKRUDULR
GHUHFKD 

(QVHQWLGRDQWLKRUDULR
 L]TXLHUGD  



&XFKDUDELYDOYD


$EULU


 &HUUDU 







   
Capítulo 4 Aparato y función




&DEUHVWDQWH


6XELU


%DMDU 





žVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGREUD]RSULQFLSDO


%DMDU


 6XELU




žVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGREUD]RGHH[WHQVLyQ


([WHQGHU


 5HWUDHU




/ODYHVGHFRQPXWDFLyQ\SXOVDGRUHV


&DPELDUHQWUHHOURWDGRU\HOEUD]RDUWLFXODGRGHOžVLVWHPD
 DUWLFXODGR





&DPELDUHQWUHODFXFKDUDELYDOYD\HOEUD]RGHH[WHQVLyQGHOž
VLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR





3XOVDGRU2/3





 %RFLQDDYLVDGRUD




)DURGHWUDEDMRHQFHQGLGRDSDJDGR






   
Aparato y función


2SHUDFLRQHVGHJU~DPDQGRDGLVWDQFLD





 3XOVDGRUGHFRQILUPDFLyQ©'HVSOHJDUODH[WHQVLyQGHO
HVWDELOL]DGRUªIXQFLRQDPLHQWRPHGLDQWHPDQGRDGLVWDQFLD





2SHUDFLRQHVGHJU~DGHVGHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRHQODJU~D





0RGRHVWDELOL]DGRUHV





$UUDQTXHGHOPRWRU





3DUDGDGHOPRWRU





9HORFLGDGGHOPRWRUPiVDOWDPiVEDMD





&DOHIDFFLyQGHODVLHQWRHQFHQGLGDDSDJDGD







   
Capítulo 4 Aparato y función




6tPERORVGHLQGLFDFLRQHVGHSHOLJUR


&RQRFLPLHQWRGHOSUHVHQWHPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV





'LVWDQFLDGHVHJXULGDGIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODJU~D





'LVWDQFLDGHVHJXULGDGIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHORVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV





1RGLULJLUHOFKRUURGHDJXDFRQWUD







5HVXPHQGHVHxDOHVSODFDV\HWLTXHWDV
/DVVHxDOHVSODFDV\HWLTXHWDVVRQXQDSDUWHGHOGLVSRVLWLYRGHVHJXULGDG\VLUYHQSDUDSURWHJHUDO
RSHUDGRU\DRWUDVSHUVRQDV\SDUDXQIXQFLRQDPLHQWRVHJXURGHODJU~D


 ¡Atención!£/DIDOWDGHVHxDOHVSODFDV\HWLTXHWDVRHOTXHHVWDV
HVWpQGDxDGDVRVHDQLOHJLEOHVDXPHQWDHOULHVJRGHTXHVHSURGX]FD
XQDFFLGHQWH

/DIDOWDGHVHxDOHVSODFDV\HWLTXHWDVRHOTXHHVWDVHVWpQGDxDGDVRVHDQLOHJLEOHVGDOXJDUDHUURUHV
GHPDQLREUD\DHUURUHVKXPDQRVGXUDQWHHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODJU~DSRUORTXHHVQHFHVDULR
UHHPSOD]DUODVGHLQPHGLDWR
(QHOUHVXPHQGHVHxDOHVSODFDV\HWLTXHWDVDSDUHFHQDOJXQDVTXHVRORVHHQFXHQWUDQGHPDQHUD
RSFLRQDOHQHODSDUDWR


   
Aparato y función

5HVXPHQGHVHxDOHVSODFDV\HWLTXHWDV







   
Capítulo 4 Aparato y función




 3ODFDGHOFRQVWUXFWRU
3RVLFLyQ
 $DPERVODGRVGHOEUD]RSULQFLSDO\GHOžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR



 3ODFDGHLGHQWLILFDFLyQGHODJU~D
3RVLFLyQ
$DPERVODGRVGHOEUD]RSULQFLSDO
 6LJQLILFDGR
'HQRPLQDFLyQGHOSURGXFWR



 /XJDUSHOLJURVR
3RVLFLyQ
(QODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUFLOLQGURVGHH[WHQVLyQ&LHUUD
ORVDJXMHURVGHPRQWDMHHQODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHORVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV
HQORVTXHH[LVWHXQHOHYDGRSHOLJURGHDSODVWDPLHQWR
FL]DOODPLHQWR\FRUWH
6LJQLILFDGR
$GYHUWHQFLDGHSXQWRSHOLJURVR\VLUYHSDUDHYLWDUHOSHOLJURGH
 DSODVWDPLHQWRFL]DOODPLHQWR\FRUWH
,QREVHUYDQFLD
'LYHUVRVSHOLJURV(QFDVRGHTXHIDOWHQRHVWpQGDxDGDVH[LVWLUi
SHOLJURGHOHVLRQHVSRUDSODVWDPLHQWRFL]DOODPLHQWR\FRUWH



 3ODFDLQGLFDGRUDSDWDHVWDELOL]DGRUDSLYRWDQWH
3RVLFLyQ
(QORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV
6LJQLILFDGR
6HFXHQFLDGHPDQLREUDH[WHQGHUUHWUDHUHOHVWDELOL]DGRU
,QREVHUYDQFLD
 'DxRVDODJU~D\JUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH



 0DUFDSDUDH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUWRWDOPHQWHH[WHQGLGD
3RVLFLyQ
(QODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU
6LJQLILFDGR
([WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUWRWDOPHQWHGHVSOHJDGD
,QREVHUYDQFLD
 6LQRVHVDFDQH[WLHQGHQSRUFRPSOHWRODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHO
HVWDELOL]DGRUODHVWDELOLGDGHVWDUiUHGXFLGD





   
Aparato y función

 3ODFDLQGLFDGRUD3OHJDUGHVSOHJDUODJU~D
3RVLFLyQ
3DUWHSRVWHULRUFROXPQDGHODJU~D\EUD]RSULQFLSDO
6LJQLILFDGR
6HFXHQFLDGHPDQLREUD©'HVSOHJDUSOHJDUODJU~Dª
,QREVHUYDQFLD
'DxRVDODJU~D\SHOLJURGHPXHUWH





 )OHFKDGHSOHJDGR
3RVLFLyQ
3DUWHSRVWHULRUFROXPQDGHODJU~D\EDVWLGRUEDVH
6LJQLILFDGR
,QGLFDFLyQGHODSRVLFLyQGHGHVFDQVRHQSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWH
,QREVHUYDQFLD
 'DxRVDODJU~D\SHOLJURGHOHVLRQHV



 3ODFDGHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
3RVLFLyQHQODFROXPQDGHODJU~D
6LJQLILFDGRLQGLFDFLyQGHO
7LSRGHDSDUDWR
&yGLJRLQWHUQR
1~PHURGHVHULH
$xRGHFRQVWUXFFLyQ
 'LUHFFLyQGHODHPSUHVD
1RHVWiSHUPLWLGRTXLWDUQLPRGLILFDUODSODFDGHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV



 3ODFDGHFDSDFLGDGQRPLQDO
3RVLFLyQ
3XHVWRGHPDQGREUD]RSULQFLSDO
6LJQLILFDGR
,QGLFDFLyQGHFDUJDVPi[LPDVGHXWLOL]DFLyQPiUJHQHVGHFDUJD\
DOFDQFHV
,QREVHUYDQFLD

6REUHFDUJDGHODJU~DSHOLJURGHYXHOFRSDUDHOYHKtFXOR





   
Capítulo 4 Aparato y función

 ,QGLFDFLRQHVGHSHOLJUR VRODPHQWHHQFDVRGHDVLHQWRHOHYDGRRPDQGRDGLVWDQFLD 


3RVLFLyQ
3XHVWRGHPDQGR
6LJQLILFDGR
$QWHVGHODSXHVWDHQVHUYLFLROHDHOPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV
DGYHUWHQFLDVREUHSHOLJURVGXUDQWHODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHJU~D
,QREVHUYDQFLD
 'DxRVDODJU~D\SHOLJURGHPXHUWH

 3ODFDGHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVFDEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOH
3RVLFLyQHQHOFDEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOH
6LJQLILFDGRLQGLFDFLyQGHO
7LSRGHDSDUDWR
'HQRPLQDFLyQQRUPDOL]DGDGHOFDEOH
.%:$$  
(1[3:5& . 8]=
1~PHURGHVHULH
)
PD[
N1
% PLQ 3 0SD
P D[
4 ,PLQ 9
PD[ PPLQ %P $xRGHFRQVWUXFFLyQ
N1 3DOILQJHU(XURSH*PE+
&DUJDGHURWXUDPtQLPDGHOFDEOH
 N1 )UDQ]:6FKHUHU6WU
%HUJKHLP$XVWULD
N1 ZZZSDOILQJHUFRP &DUJDPi[LPDGHXWLOL]DFLyQVHJ~QQ~PHURGHFDSDVGHFDEOH
'LUHFFLyQGHODHPSUHVD
 
1RHVWiSHUPLWLGRTXLWDUQLPRGLILFDUODSODFDGHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
,QREVHUYDQFLDGDxRVDODJU~D\SHOLJURGHPXHUWH


 3ODFDGHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVFDEH]DGHSROHDV
3RVLFLyQ
(QODFDEH]DGHSROHDV
6LJQLILFDGR
,QGLFDFLyQGHODxRGHFRQVWUXFFLyQWLSR\GDWRVWpFQLFRV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFRV1RHVWiSHUPLWLGRTXLWDUQLPRGLILFDUODSODFDGH
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
 ,QREVHUYDQFLD
'DxRVDODJU~D\SHOLJURGHPXHUWH


 3ODFDGHSHOLJUR©1RVLWXDUVHGHEDMRGHODFDUJDVXVSHQGLGDª
3RVLFLyQ
(QDPERVODGRVGHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGRRGHOEUD]RSULQFLSDO
6LJQLILFDGR
(VWiSURKLELGRVLWXDUVHGHEDMRGHODFDUJDVXVSHQGLGD
,QREVHUYDQFLD
 *UDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSRUFDtGDGHFDUJDV

 3ODFDLQGLFDGRUDGHSHOLJUR(VWDELOL]DGRUPDQGDGRSRUUDGLR
3RVLFLyQ
(QFDVRGHHTXLSDPLHQWRFRQHVWDELOL]DGRUPDQGDGRSRUUDGLRHQ
WRGRVORVSXHVWRVGHPDQGR
6LJQLILFDGR
,QGLFDFLyQGHTXHHOHVWDELOL]DGRUSXHGHVHUH[WHQGLGRUHWUDtGRFRQ
HOPDQGRDGLVWDQFLD
,QREVHUYDQFLD
 3HOLJURGHOHVLRQHVSRUORVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVDOH[WHQGHUVHR
UHWUDHUVH


   
Aparato y función




 3ODFDGHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVSDUDH[WHQVLyQGHDFFLRQDPLHQWRPHFiQLFR
3RVLFLyQ
(QODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWRPHFiQLFR
6LJQLILFDGR
,QGLFDFLyQGHODxRGHFRQVWUXFFLyQWLSR\FDSDFLGDGGHHOHYDFLyQ
Pi[LPD
,QREVHUYDQFLD
 'DxRVDODJU~D\SHOLJURGHPXHUWH



 3ODFDLQGLFDGRUD(QJUDVH
3RVLFLyQ
(QODEDVHGHODJU~D
6LJQLILFDGR
,QGLFDFLyQHQFXDQWRDORVSXQWRVGHDSR\RTXHKD\TXHHQJUDVDU
,QREVHUYDQFLD
'HVJDVWHSUHPDWXURGHORVFRPSRQHQWHVGHOFRMLQHWH




 3ODFDLQGLFDGRUD6LVWHPDGHH[WHQVLyQH[HQWRGHPDQWHQLPLHQWR
3RVLFLyQ
(QHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGR
6LJQLILFDGR
1RHVQHFHVDULRHQJUDVDUORVEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQ

,QREVHUYDQFLD
'HVJDVWHSUHPDWXURGHORVSDTXHWHVGHGHVOL]DPLHQWR



 3ODFDLQGLFDGRUDGHSHOLJUR
3RVLFLyQ
(QORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV
6LJQLILFDGR
$GYHUWHQFLDVREUHXQD]RQDSHOLJURVD
,QREVHUYDQFLD
3HOLJURGHOHVLRQHVSRUODSDWDHVWDELOL]DGRUDDOJLUDUKDFLDDUULED






   
Capítulo 4 Aparato y función

 3ODFDLQGLFDGRUDGHIXQFLyQOiPLQDFXEULGRUD
3RVLFLyQ
&XEUHDJXMHURV\HVFRWDGXUDVHQHODSDUDWR HQOD]RQDGHPDQHMR
 RHQVXHQWRUQR HQORVTXHH[LVWHXQHOHYDGRSHOLJURGH
DSODVWDPLHQWRFL]DOODPLHQWR\FRUWH/DSRVLFLyQHQHOUHVXPHQGH
VHxDOHVSODFDV\HWLTXHWDVHVVRORXQHMHPSOR/DSRVLFLyQSXHGH
YDULDUHQIXQFLyQGHOHTXLSDPLHQWRGHODJU~D
6LJQLILFDGR
6LUYHSDUDHOLPLQDUHOSHOLJURGHDSODVWDPLHQWRFL]DOODPLHQWR\
FRUWH
,QREVHUYDQFLD
(QFDVRGHTXHIDOWHQRHVWpQGDxDGDVH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHOHVLRQHV
SRUDSODVWDPLHQWRFL]DOODPLHQWR\FRUWH





   
Aparato y función




6HxDOHVSODFDV\HWLTXHWDVSDUD$PpULFDGHO1RUWH
/DV VHxDOHV SODFDV \ HWLTXHWDV VLJXLHQWHV VH XWLOL]DQ ~QLFDPHQWH HQ ORV (( 88 \ HQ &DQDGi (O
RSHUDGRUGHEHWHQHUHQFXHQWD\HQWHQGHUWRGDVODVSODFDVDGLFLRQDOHV


3HOLJUR\PXHUWHSRUFKRTXHHOpFWULFR PRGRPDQXDOR 
PRGRPDQXDOSRUPDQGRDGLVWDQFLDSRUFDEOH 
8ELFDFLyQ &HUFDGHOSXHVWRGHPDQGR
'HVFULSFLyQ ,QGLFDODGLVWDQFLDPtQLPDDOtQHDVHOpFWULFDVHOPDQGRD
GLVWDQFLDSRUFDEOHQRHVWiDLVODGR
5LHVJRHQFDVRGH 0XHUWHRJUDYHVOHVLRQHV
LQFXPSOLPLHQWR






3HOLJUR\PXHUWHSRUFKRTXHHOpFWULFR 
8ELFDFLyQ (QORVFXDWURODGRVGHOYHKtFXOR
'HVFULSFLyQ (QFDVRGHGHVFDUJDHOpFWULFDWRGDVODVSHUVRQDV
GHEHQPDQWHQHUXQDGLVWDQFLDGHVHJXULGDGUHVSHFWRD
ODJU~D\HOYHKtFXOR
 5LHVJRHQFDVRGH 0XHUWHRJUDYHVOHVLRQHV
LQFXPSOLPLHQWR

3URKLELGRWUDQVSRUWDURHOHYDUSHUVRQDVHQHOEUD]RGH 
FDUJD
8ELFDFLyQ &HUFDGHOSXHVWRGHPDQGR
'HVFULSFLyQ (QQLQJ~QFDVRRFLUFXQVWDQFLDHVWDUiSHUPLWLGR
WUDQVSRUWDUSHUVRQDVPHGLDQWHHOEUD]RGHFDUJD
JDQFKRGHFDUJDODFDUJDPLVPDRORVHTXLSRV
DX[LOLDUHV
5LHVJRHQFDVRGH 0XHUWHRJUDYHVOHVLRQHV
LQFXPSOLPLHQWR





   
Capítulo 4 Aparato y función


'LVWDQFLDPtQLPDDOEUD]RGHFDUJD 
8ELFDFLyQ &HUFDGHOSXHVWRGHPDQGR
'HVFULSFLyQ &ROyTXHVHVLHPSUHIUHQWHDOEUD]RGHFDUJD\PDQHMHOD
JU~D0DQWHQJDXQDGLVWDQFLDGHVHJXULGDGUHVSHFWRDOD
JU~DHQFDVRGHPDQHMRRVHUYLFLRWpFQLFR
5LHVJRHQFDVRGH 0XHUWHRJUDYHVOHVLRQHV
LQFXPSOLPLHQWR



3HUVRQDORSHUDGRUIRUPDGR 
8ELFDFLyQ &HUFDGHOSXHVWRGHPDQGR
'HVFULSFLyQ 6RORSHUVRQDORSHUDGRUELHQIRUPDGRHVWiDXWRUL]DGRD
PDQHMDURFRQGXFLUODJU~D
5LHVJRHQFDVRGH 0XHUWHRJUDYHVOHVLRQHV
LQFXPSOLPLHQWR



&RQGLFLRQHVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR\UHTXLVLWRVSDUDHOPDQHMR 
8ELFDFLyQ &HUFDGHOSXHVWRGHPDQGR
'HVFULSFLyQ 3UHVWHDWHQFLyQDODWRWDOLGDGGHFRQGLFLRQHVGH
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR\GHORVUHTXLVLWRV
5LHVJRHQFDVRGH 0XHUWHRJUDYHVOHVLRQHV
LQFXPSOLPLHQWR



3HOLJURSRUVREUHFDUJD 
8ELFDFLyQ &HUFDGHOSXHVWRGHPDQGR
'HVFULSFLyQ 5HVSHWRGHORVOtPLWHVGHFDUJD]RQDVGHWUDEDMR\
GLDJUDPDVGHODFDSDFLGDGGHFDUJD
5LHVJRHQFDVRGH 0XHUWHRJUDYHVOHVLRQHV
LQFXPSOLPLHQWR





   
Aparato y función


3HOLJURSRUPDQHMRGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU 
8ELFDFLyQ 7RGRVORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV
'HVFULSFLyQ (OHVWDELOL]DGRUVRORGHEHPDQHMDUVHH[WHQGHUVHVLHO
RSHUDGRURSHUVRQDODX[LOLDUHVWiQHQFRQGLFLRQHVGH
DEDUFDUFRQODYLVWDOD]RQDSHOLJURVDRODSRVLFLyQGH
DSR\R
5LHVJRHQFDVRGH *UDYHVOHVLRQHVSRUDFFLGHQWHODERUDO
LQFXPSOLPLHQWR



7UDEDMRVGHPDQWHQLPLHQWRHLQVSHFFLRQHV 
8ELFDFLyQ &HUFDGHOSXHVWRGHPDQGR
'HVFULSFLyQ (IHFWXDUWRGDVODVLQVSHFFLRQHV\WRGRVORVWUDEDMRVGH
PDQWHQLPLHQWR
5LHVJRHQFDVRGH 0XHUWHRJUDYHVOHVLRQHV
LQFXPSOLPLHQWR



'LVWDQFLDGHVHJXULGDGDORViUEROHVDUWLFXODGRV\ODVWRPDV 
GHIXHU]D
8ELFDFLyQ (QORVODGRVGHOYHKtFXOR
'HVFULSFLyQ 0DQWHQJDXQDGLVWDQFLDGHVHJXULGDGUHVSHFWRDORV
iUEROHVDUWLFXODGRV1RHIHFW~HQLQJ~QWUDEDMRFHUFDGH
ODVWRPDVGHIXHU]DRGHORViUEROHVDUWLFXODGRVPLHQWUDV
HVWpIXQFLRQDQGRHOPRWRU
5LHVJRHQFDVRGH 0XHUWHRJUDYHVOHVLRQHV
LQFXPSOLPLHQWR




   
Capítulo 4 Aparato y función


([WHQVLRQHVPHFiQLFDVGHODSOXPD 
VLODVKD\ 
8ELFDFLyQ &HUFDGHOSXHVWRGHPDQGR
'HVFULSFLyQ 7UDEDMRVFRQODVH[WHQVLRQHVPHFiQLFDVGHODSOXPD
5LHVJRHQFDVRGH 0XHUWHRJUDYHVOHVLRQHV
LQFXPSOLPLHQWR



3HOLJURHQORVFDEUHVWDQWHV VLORVKD\ SRUFDtGDGHFDUJDV 
8ELFDFLyQ &HUFDGHOSXHVWRGHPDQGR
'HVFULSFLyQ 3HOLJURVSRUFDEH]DVGHSROHDV
5LHVJRHQFDVRGH 0XHUWHRJUDYHVOHVLRQHV
LQFXPSOLPLHQWR



3HOLJUR\PXHUWHSRUFKRTXHHOpFWULFRHQFDVRGHPDQGRD 
GLVWDQFLDSRUFDEOH VLORKD\ \OtQHDVHOpFWULFDV
8ELFDFLyQ =RQDGHOPDQGRDGLVWDQFLDSRUFDEOH
'HVFULSFLyQ ,QGLFDODGLVWDQFLDPtQLPDDOtQHDVHOpFWULFDVHOPDQGRD
GLVWDQFLDSRUFDEOHQRHVWiDLVODGR
5LHVJRHQFDVRGH 0XHUWHRJUDYHVOHVLRQHV
 LQFXPSOLPLHQWR




   
Capítulo 5

&$3Ë78/2

'LVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDG

En este capítulo
,QIRUPDFLyQJHQHUDO
,QWHUUXSWRUGHGHVFRQH[LyQGHHPHUJHQFLD
,QGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJD
6LVWHPDGHVHJXULGDG\GHPDQGR3DOWURQLF
&RQWUROGHODHVWDELOLGDG+36&
/LPLWDFLyQGHODOFDQFHGHJLURVREUHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGR
HOHYDGR,6
&RQWUROGHODJHRPHWUtD
&RQWUROGHLQFOLQDFLyQ
&RQWUROGHLQFOLQDFLyQKDVWDODH[WHQVLyQžVLVWHPD
DUWLFXODGR
6LVWHPDOLPLWDGRUGHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJD26.
6LVWHPDVGHFRQWUROSDUDODSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWH
0RGRGHPDQGRGHHPHUJHQFLDWUDVHOIDOORGHOPDQGRD
GLVWDQFLD
)DOORGHOVLVWHPDHOpFWULFRGHODJU~D




   
Capítulo 5 Dispositivos de seguridad

,QIRUPDFLyQJHQHUDO


3DUDJDUDQWL]DUXQIXQFLRQDPLHQWRVHJXUR3$/),1*(5KDGHVDUUROODGRGLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDGTXH
VLUYHQSDUDSURWHJHUDORSHUDGRU\DODSDUDWR
/RVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDGVHDMXVWDQDQWHVGHSURGXFLUVHODHQWUHJDGHODSDUDWRDOWLWXODURSHUDGRU



¡Atención!
7RGDPDQLSXODFLyQQRDXWRUL]DGDHQORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDG
LPSOLFDXQJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH


ÒQLFDPHQWHORVVHUYLFLRVSRVYHQWDRILFLDOHVGH3$/),1*(5HVWiQDXWRUL]DGRVSDUDUHDOL]DUWUDEDMRV
GHUHJODMHHQORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDG
/RVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDGQRVHGHEHQPDQLSXODUQLGHVDFWLYDU



¡Atención!
(QFDVRGHTXHIDOOHXQGLVSRVLWLYRGHVHJXULGDGVXVSHQGDHOVHUYLFLR
GHLQPHGLDWR\DFXGDDXQVHUYLFLRSRVYHQWDDXWRUL]DGRGH
3$/),1*(5£([LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH





¡Nota! 
 &XDOTXLHUWLSRGHJDUDQWtDOHJDOJDUDQWtDFRPHUFLDO\UHVSRQVDELOLGDG
SRUSDUWHGHOIDEULFDQWHVHH[WLQJXHHQFDVRGHPDQLSXODFLRQHVQR
DXWRUL]DGDVHQORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDGRVLVHYLRODQORV
SUHFLQWRV

7RGR SUHFLQWR GDxDGR R TXH IDOWH GHEH VHU UHHPSOD]DGR GH LQPHGLDWR SRU HO VHUYLFLR SRVYHQWD
DXWRUL]DGRGH3$/),1*(5SRURUGHQGHOWLWXODURSHUDGRU


,QWHUUXSWRUGHGHVFRQH[LyQGHHPHUJHQFLD
(OLQWHUUXSWRUGHGHVFRQH[LyQGHHPHUJHQFLDGHWLHQHHQXQDVLWXDFLyQSHOLJURVDWRGDVODVIXQFLRQHVGH
ODJU~DDORVVHJXQGRV PV GHVHUDFFLRQDGR
6HHQFXHQWUDHQFDGDSXHVWRGHPDQGR\HQODFRQVRODWUDQVPLVRUDGHOPDQGRDGLVWDQFLDSRU
UDGLRIUHFXHQFLD


 6LVHSURGXFHXQDVLWXDFLyQSHOLJURVDVXHOWHHQVHJXLGDWRGDVODVSDODQFDVGHPDQGR
 3XOVHHOLQWHUUXSWRUGHGHVFRQH[LyQGHHPHUJHQFLDKDVWDTXHTXHGHHQFODYDGR
7RGDVODVIXQFLRQHVGHODJU~DVHSDUDOL]DQ



¡Atención!
6LVHGHVHQFODYDHOLQWHUUXSWRUGHGHVFRQH[LyQGHHPHUJHQFLDDQWHV
GHTXHHVWpJDUDQWL]DGRHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRVHJXURGHODJU~DH[LVWLUi
JUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH

1RGHEHGHVHQFODYDUVHHOLQWHUUXSWRUGHGHVFRQH[LyQGHHPHUJHQFLDKDVWDTXHVHDSRVLEOHHO
IXQFLRQDPLHQWRVHJXURGHODJU~D


   
Dispositivos de seguridad




,QGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJD
6LODJU~DHVWiHTXLSDGDFRQXQLQGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJDHVWHPRVWUDUiHOIDFWRUGHFDUJDDFWXDO
HQXQDHVFDODGHWUHVFRORUHV(OLQGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJDQRSURWHJHODJU~DFRQWUDVREUHFDUJDV


 

&RORU )DFWRUGHFDUJDGHOD 
JU~D
 YHUGH =RQDGHWUDEDMR 
 DPDULOOR =RQDOtPLWH 5HGX]FDODYHORFLGDGGHWUDEDMR
 URMR =RQDGHVREUHFDUJD 5HGX]FDHQVHJXLGDHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJD

'XUDQWHODVRSHUDFLRQHVFRQODJU~DREVHUYHHOLQGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJD


 ¡Atención!6LWUDVDOFDQ]DUVHOD]RQDURMDQRVHUHGXFHHQVHJXLGDHO
PRPHQWRGHFDUJD HMHPSORUHWUDHUORVEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQ ODJU~D
VXIUHXQDVREUHFDUJDRVHSRQHHQSHOLJURVXHVWDELOLGDG/DFDUJD
EDMDUiGHPDQHUDGHVFRQWURODGD([LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH




(VWiSURKLELGRWUDEDMDUHQOD]RQDURMD
(QOD]RQDOtPLWHQRHVWiSHUPLWLGRVHJXLUDXPHQWDQGRHODOFDQFH
DOEDMDUODFDUJD








   
Capítulo 5 Dispositivos de seguridad




6LVWHPDGHVHJXULGDG\GHPDQGR3DOWURQLF

3DOWURQLFHVXQVLVWHPDHOHFWUyQLFRGHVHJXULGDG\PDQGR
&RQVRODGHYLVXDOL]DFLyQ


     ,QWHUUXSWRUGHGHVFRQH[LyQGH
HPHUJHQFLD
 ,QGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJD
 3DOWURQLFPRGRDODHVSHUD

 +3/6
 2/3

 %RFLQDDYLVDGRUD

 5HVWDEOHFHU
    ,QGLFDFLyQ6LWXDFLyQGHVREUHFDUJD
9pDVHWDPELpQ©&RQWUROGH
LQFOLQDFLyQª




$FWLYDU3DOWURQLF
3DOWURQLFVHDFWLYDDXWRPiWLFDPHQWHFXDQGRVHVXPLQLVWUDHQHUJtDHOpFWULFDDODJU~D(OLQWHUUXSWRU
GHSDUDGDGHHPHUJHQFLDGHODFRQVRODGHYLVXDOL]DFLyQQRGHEHHVWDUDFFLRQDGR/DVSDODQFDVGH
PDQGRGHEHQHQFRQWUDUVHHQODSRVLFLyQQHXWUD


,QWHUUXSWRUGHSDUDGDGHHPHUJHQFLD
9pDVH©,QWHUUXSWRUHVGHSDUDGDGHHPHUJHQFLDªHQHOFDStWXOR 


,QGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJD


(OLQGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJDHQODFRQVRODGHYLVXDOL]DFLyQ
LQGLFDHOYDORUHQUHVSHFWRDOOtPLWHGHFDUJDDFWXDOPHQWH
YiOLGRHQSDVRVGHOGHVGHHODO 


)DFWRUGHFDUJD %DQGDGH/(' &RORUGHO/(' $YLVRDF~VWLFR
,QIHULRUDO 1RLOXPLQDGD 1LQJXQR 1LQJXQR
+DVWDHO ,OXPLQDGD 9HUGH 1LQJXQR
$SDUWLUGHO ,OXPLQDGD $PDULOOR 6RQLGRLQWHUPLWHQWH 
$O 3DUSDGHD 5RMR 6RQLGRFRQWLQXR
/DVHxDOGHDYLVRVHSXHGHGHVFRQHFWDUFRQHOSXOVDGRU2/3

*U~DFRQžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR6HLQGLFDVLHPSUHHOIDFWRUGHFDUJDPD\RU JU~DRžVLVWHPD
DUWLFXODGR 


   
Dispositivos de seguridad




3DOWURQLFPRGRDODHVSHUD



(OSXOVDGRU©3$/DODHVSHUDªVLUYHSDUDDFWLYDUGHVDFWLYDUHO
©PRGRDODHVSHUDªGHO3DOWURQLFGXUDQWHHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHOD
JU~D


0RGRDODHVSHUD
x $FFLRQHHOSXOVDGRU©3$/DODHVSHUDª
x (O/('GHMDGHHVWDULOXPLQDGR7RGDVODVIXQFLRQHVGHODJU~D\GHPDQLREUDHVWiQ
GHVDFWLYDGDV
&RQH[LyQ
x $FFLRQHHOSXOVDGRU©3$/DODHVSHUDª
x (O/('VHLOXPLQDHQYHUGH3DOWURQLFHVWiOLVWRSDUDIXQFLRQDU
x (O/('SDUSDGHD3DOWURQLFHVWiOLVWRSDUDIXQFLRQDU/DIXQFLyQGHPDQLREUDDFFLRQDGDQR

HVWiSHUPLWLGDHQHODFWXDOHVWDGRGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
¡Indicación!$OFRQHFWDUODVSDODQFDVGHPDQGRGHEHUiQ
 HQFRQWUDUVHHQSXQWRQHXWUR(OLQWHUUXSWRUGHSDUDGDGHHPHUJHQFLD
GHODFRQVRODGHYLVXDOL]DFLyQQRGHEHHVWDUDFFLRQDGR

6LGXUDQWHODFRQH[LyQHVWiDFFLRQDGDDOJXQDSDODQFDGHPDQGRHOVLVWHPD3DOWURQLFGHWHFWDUi
XQDFRQGLFLyQDQyPDOD
6XSULPLUODFRQGLFLyQDQyPDOD
 3RQJDHQODSRVLFLyQFHURWRGDVODVSDODQFDVGH
PDQGR
 3XOVHHOERWyQ5HVHW
 /DJU~DHVWiOLVWDSDUDIXQFLRQDU


   
Capítulo 5 Dispositivos de seguridad


+3/6 ~QLFDPHQWHSRVLEOHHQJU~DV+3/6HQHOPRGRGHPDQGRDGLVWDQFLD 
+3/66LVWHPDSDUDHODXPHQWRGHODIXHU]DGHHOHYDFLyQGHODJU~D

&RQHO+3/63$/),1*(5HVSRVLEOHDXPHQWDUODIXHU]DGHHOHYDFLyQ
GHODJU~DFXDQGRVHDQHFHVDULR$OKDFHUORODYHORFLGDGGHODV
IXQFLRQHVGHODJU~DVHUHGXFHVLPXOWiQHDPHQWH


$FWLYDUGHVDFWLYDUHO+3/6$FFLRQHHOSXOVDGRU+3/6GHODFRQVRODGHYLVXDOL]DFLyQ
(VWDGR+3/6 /(' (VWDGRGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
21 ,OXPLQDGRHQYHUGH *U~DHQOD]RQD+3/61RSXHGHGHVDFWLYDUVH
HO+3/6
 9HUGHLQWHUPLWHQWH *U~DQRHQOD]RQD+3/63XHGHGHVDFWLYDUVH
HO+3/6
2)) 1RLOXPLQDGR 

6HSURGXFHODDGDSWDFLyQGHOLQGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJD(VGHFLUFXDQGRVHDFWLYDHO+3/6HO
YDORUHQGLVPLQX\H


2/3
6LGHVSXpVGHDFWLYDUVHHOOLPLWDGRUGHODFDSDFLGDGQRPLQDOQRHVSRVLEOHUHDOL]DUQLQJ~QPRYLPLHQWR
UHGXFWRUGHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJDGHELGRDODSRVLFLyQGHOEUD]RGHFDUJDFRQODD\XGDGHOSXOVDGRU
2/3SRGUiVDFDUVHDODJU~DGHHVDSRVLFLyQ


 ¡Atención!(VWiSURKLELGRDXPHQWDUHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJDFRQ
D\XGDGHOSXOVDGRU2/3VLODJU~DVHHQFXHQWUDHQXQDVLWXDFLyQGH
VREUHFDUJD(QHVHFDVRH[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH


'HVSXpVGHDFFLRQDUHOSXOVDGRU2/3WDPELpQSRGUiQDFFLRQDUVHGXUDQWHVHJXQGRVIXQFLRQHVGH
ODJU~DTXHDXPHQWHQHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJD([FHSFLyQ(OPRYLPLHQWR©([WHQGHUEUD]RVGH
H[WHQVLyQªGHODJU~D\HOGHOžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGRSHUPDQHFHQEORTXHDGRV


   
Dispositivos de seguridad




)DOVDVLWXDFLyQGHVREUHFDUJD
6LVHH[WLHQGHHOEUD]RSULQFLSDOGHODJU~DRHOGHOžVLVWHPD
DUWLFXODGRKDVWDHOWRSHHOOLPLWDGRUGHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJDVHDFWLYD
/DFDXVDGHHVWRHVODSXQWDGHSUHVLyQTXHVHJHQHUDHQHOFLOLQGUR
KLGUiXOLFRHOHYDGRUHQHVHFDVR
'HVSXpVGHHOORORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~DTXHDXPHQWHQHO
PRPHQWRGHFDUJDHVWDUiQEORTXHDGRV 
<HOORDXQTXHODJU~DQRVHHQFXHQWUDHQXQDVLWXDFLyQGHVREUHFDUJD
/LEHUDFLyQGHODVIXQFLRQHVEORTXHDGDVGHODJU~D
x $FFLRQHHOSXOVDGRU2/3
x %DMHHOEUD]RSULQFLSDOGHODJU~DRHOEUD]RSULQFLSDO
GHOžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR VHJ~QFXiOGHORVGRVVH
HQFXHQWUHHQVLWXDFLyQGHVREUHFDUJD 
x /DJU~DHVWiOLVWDSDUDIXQFLRQDU
'HVSXpVGHDFFLRQDUHOSXOVDGRU2/3GXUDQWHVHJXQGRVSHUPDQHFHEORTXHDGDODSRVLELOLGDGGH
XQQXHYRDFFLRQDPLHQWR
/(' (VWDGRGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR

1RLOXPLQDGR *U~DHQHVWDGRQRUPDO
,OXPLQDGR 3XOVDGRU2/3DFFLRQDGRHVSRVLEOHXQPRYLPLHQWRTXHDXPHQWHHO
PRPHQWRGHFDUJD

3DUSDGHD /DIXQFLyQ2/3HVWiEORTXHDGDGXUDQWHVHJXQGRV



%RFLQDDYLVDGRUD 



/DJU~DSXHGHHVWDUGRWDGDGHXQDERFLQDDYLVDGRUD


7RFDUODERFLQD 
x $SULHWHHOSXOVDGRU2/3GXUDQWHPiVGHPHGLRVHJXQGR
$FRQWLQXDFLyQVXHQDODVHxDODF~VWLFDGHDYLVRKDVWDTXHVHYXHOYHDVROWDUHOSXOVDGRU2/3


   
Capítulo 5 Dispositivos de seguridad




5HSRVLFLyQ
/DIXQFLyQGHUHSRVLFLyQ ©5HVHWª VHUHTXLHUHGHVSXpVGHTXHVHSURGX]FDQHUURUHVHQODV
IXQFLRQHV

$FFLRQDQGRHOSXOVDGRU5HVHWVHSURGXFHODUHSRVLFLyQGHO3DOWURQLF
DORVDMXVWHVLQLFLDOHV


'HVSXpVGHTXHVHSURGX]FDQHUURUHVHQODVIXQFLRQHV
x ,QWHQWHXQDUHSRVLFLyQFRQHOSXOVDGRU2/3
/DJU~DHVWDUiGLVSXHVWDSDUDHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRVLQRH[LVWHQLQJ~QGHIHFWRPiV
6LODJU~DQRHVWiOLVWDSDUDIXQFLRQDUGHVSXpVGHXQDUHSRVLFLyQ
$FXGDDXQVHUYLFLRDXWRUL]DGRSRVWYHQWD3$/),1*(5 YpDVH©)DOORGHOVLVWHPDHOpFWULFRGHODJU~Dª
FDStWXOR 


,QGLFDFLyQ©6LWXDFLyQGHVREUHFDUJD/LPLWDFLyQGHPRYLPLHQWRVª
$TXtVHLQGLFDTXpVLVWHPDGHODJU~DKDSURGXFLGRODDFWLYDFLyQGHOOLPLWDGRUGHODFDSDFLGDGQRPLQDO
  6REUHFDUJDOtPLWHGHFDUJDUHGXFLGR FRQWUROGHOD
HVWDELOLGDG 
 6REUHFDUJDžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR
 6REUHFDUJDJU~D
 6REUHFDUJDFDEUHVWDQWH
 &RQWUROGHODJHRPHWUtDJU~D
  &RQWUROGHODJHRPHWUtDžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR





(OOLPLWDGRUGHODFDSDFLGDGQRPLQDOFRQWUROGHODJHRPHWUtDVHDFWLYDFXDQGRODJU~DVHHQFXHQWUDHQ
OD ]RQD GH VREUHFDUJD R HQ XQD SRVLFLyQ GH WUDEDMR QR SHUPLWLGD (Q OD FRQVROD GH YLVXDOL]DFLyQ VH
LQGLFDODFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVLWXDFLyQGHVREUHFDUJDSDUDODSRVLFLyQGHWUDEDMRPRPHQWiQHDPHGLDQWHOD
LOXPLQDFLyQGHORVGLYHUVRV/('
(QWRQFHVQRVRQSRVLEOHVORVPRYLPLHQWRVTXHDXPHQWHQHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJDQLORVPRYLPLHQWRV
LQDGPLVLEOHV
6HUiQHFHVDULRUHGXFLUHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJDSRUHMHPSORUHGXFLHQGRHODOFDQFH
6LVHDFFLRQDXQDIXQFLyQGHODJU~DTXHQRHVWpSHUPLWLGDHO/('©$ODHVSHUDªSDUSDGHD
0HGLDQWHXQRGHORVVLJXLHQWHVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~DHVSRVLEOHVDFDUODJU~DGHODVLWXDFLyQGH
VREUHFDUJD


   
Dispositivos de seguridad

6LWXDFLyQGHVREUHFDUJDFRQLQGLFDFLyQGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJD
(OLQGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJD SDUSDGHD 
&RQWUROGHODHVWDELOLGDG *LUDUHQFRQWUDVHQWLGRUHGXFLUHO
 DOFDQFH
*U~D 5HGXFLUHODOFDQFH

žVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR 5HGXFLUHODOFDQFHGHOžVLVWHPD
 DUWLFXODGR
&DEUHVWDQWH %DMDUGHSRVLWDUODFDUJD

&RQWUROGHODJHRPHWUtDJU~D 5HGXFLUHOiQJXORGHOEUD]RGHFDUJD
  UHWUDHUORVEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQ

&RQWUROGHODJHRPHWUtDž 5HGXFLUHOiQJXORGHOEUD]RGHFDUJD
  VLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR UHWUDHUORVEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQ

/LPLWDFLyQGHPRYLPLHQWRV
(OLQGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJD QRSDUSDGHD 
&RQWUROGHODJHRPHWUtDJU~D 5HGXFLUHOiQJXORGHOEUD]RGHFDUJD
 
&RQWUROGHODJHRPHWUtDž 5HGXFLUHOiQJXORGHOEUD]RGHFDUJD
  VLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR

9pDVHWDPELpQHOFDStWXOR©&RQWUROGHODJHRPHWUtDª


   
Capítulo 5 Dispositivos de seguridad




&RQWUROGHODHVWDELOLGDG+36&
2EMHWRGHO+36&
(OVLVWHPD+LJK3HUIRUPDQFH6WDELOLW\&RQWURO +36& GH3$/),1*(5HVXQVLVWHPDHOHFWUyQLFRSDUD
FRQWURODUODHVWDELOLGDGGHXQYHKtFXORFRQJU~DFDUJDGRUD


9HQWDMDSDUDHORSHUDGRU


¡Nota!
 &RQ+36&XQDJU~DFDUJDGRUDWDPELpQVHUiHVWDEOHDXQTXHORVJDWRV
HVWDELOL]DGRUHV\ODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUGHOYHKtFXORQR
HVWpQDSR\DGRVGHVSOHJDGDVRVRODPHQWHORHVWpQHQSDUWH
&RQHOORHVSRVLEOHWUDEDMDUGHPDQHUDVHJXUDFRQODJU~DFDUJDGRUD
WDPELpQHQVLWXDFLRQHVHQODVTXHH[LVWDQUHVWULFFLRQHVHQFXDQWRDO
HVSDFLR





)XQFLyQ
(OVLVWHPD+36&HVWiEDVDGRHQXQFiOFXORHQWLHPSRUHDOGHODHVWDELOLGDGHIHFWLYDGHXQYHKtFXOR
VHJ~QVXFRQGLFLyQGHHVWDELOL]DFLyQPRPHQWiQHD&RPRUHVXOWDGRVHSURGXFHXQDFXUYDOtPLWHGHOD
IXHU]D GH HOHYDFLyQ D OR ODUJR GH WRGR HO UDGLR GH RULHQWDFLyQ OD FXDO VH DSUR[LPD D OD HVWDELOLGDG
HIHFWLYDGHOYHKtFXOR

 






   
Dispositivos de seguridad




0DQHMR
6RODPHQWHHVSRVLEOHXWLOL]DUODIXHU]DGHHOHYDFLyQFRPSOHWDGHODJU~DFDUJDGRUDVLHOYHKtFXOR
SRUWDGRUHVHVWDEOH
3DUDHOORGHEHQ
x HVWDUGHVSOHJDGDVSRUFRPSOHWRWRGDVODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU WDPELpQODVGHORV
HVWDELOL]DGRUHVDGLFLRQDOHVTXHSXHGDQH[LVWLU 
x HVWDUDSR\DGRVSRUFRPSOHWRWRGRVORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV WDPELpQORVGHORVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV
DGLFLRQDOHVTXHSXHGDQH[LVWLU 
6LHOORQRIXHUDSRVLEOHDFRQVHFXHQFLDGHSRUHMHPSORUHVWULFFLRQHVGHHVSDFLRHQWRQFHVODVJU~DV
TXHHTXLSDGDVFRQHOVLVWHPD+36&WDPELpQSXHGHQHPSOHDUVHDXQTXHHOYHKtFXORQRHVWp
HVWDELOL]DGRRVRODPHQWHORHVWpSDUFLDOPHQWH
3DUDDSHVDUGHWRGRSRGHUHOHYDUORPi[LPRSRVLEOHFRQODJU~DGHEHHOHJLUVHVLHPSUHODVLWXDFLyQ
GHHVWDELOL]DFLyQPi[LPDSRVLEOH
$WHQHUHQFXHQWD
x 3DUDODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHJU~DH[WLHQGDVLHPSUHWRGRVORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV6LQRWRGRVORV
JDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVWLHQHQFRQWDFWRFRQHOVXHORODVIXHU]DVGHHOHYDFLyQGHODJU~DVHUHGXFHQ
PiVIXHUWHPHQWH
x $VHJ~UHVHHVSHFLDOPHQWHGHTXHHQHOODGRGHWUDEDMRGHVHDGRODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHORV
HVWDELOL]DGRUHVHVWpQGHVSOHJDGDVDOPi[LPRSRVLEOH&RQHOORHVSRVLEOHXWLOL]DUXQDPD\RU
IXHU]DGHHOHYDFLyQHQHVHODGR
x (OVLVWHPDQRVHSXHGHDMXVWDUKDVWDGHVSXpVGHLQVWDODUODJU~DVREUHHOYHKtFXORSRUWDGRU/D
UHVSRQVDELOLGDGGHODMXVWHHVSXHVGHOFDUURFHURGHOYHKtFXOR



 ¡Atención!8QPDQHMRLQFRUUHFWRGHODJU~DFRPRSRUHMHPSOR
xHVWDELOL]DFLyQVREUHXQVXHORSRFRHVWDEOH
xFDUJDVRVFLODQWHV
xPRYLPLHQWRVEUXVFRVGHODJU~D
xGHVFHQVRGHVGHODSRVLFLyQGHJUDQLQFOLQDFLyQDOWLHPSR
TXHVHDXPHQWDHODOFDQFH
SXHGHFDXVDUHOYXHOFRGHOYHKtFXORLQFOXVRFRQHOVLVWHPD+36&
(QWRQFHVH[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDV
SHUVRQDV

,QGLFDFLRQHVVREUHODFRORFDFLyQGHOYHKtFXOR
(VPHMRUGHVSOHJDUODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHORVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVPiVHQHOODGRGHWUDEDMRGHODJU~D\
HVWDELOL]DUPiVHQFRUWRHOODGRRSXHVWR&RQHOORODJU~DDOFDQ]DHQHOODGRGHWUDEDMRPiVIXHU]DGH
HOHYDFLyQRLQFOXVRODPi[LPD
(VWDELOL]DFLyQySWLPD (VWDELOL]DFLyQGHVIDYRUDEOH

 


   
Capítulo 5 Dispositivos de seguridad

/DIXHU]DGHHOHYDFLyQGHODJU~DFDUJDGRUDHQHOODGRGHWUDEDMRHVPD\RUVLHOODGRRSXHVWRWDPELpQ
HVWiHVWDELOL]DGR6LQRHVDVtHOPRPHQWRGHHOHYDFLyQVHUHGXFHPiVIXHUWHPHQWHHQWRGDVODV
]RQDVGHELGRDODHVWDELOLGDGOiELOGHOYHKtFXOR
(VWDELOL]DFLyQySWLPD (VWDELOL]DFLyQGHVIDYRUDEOH

 
(QYHKtFXORVFRQHVWDELOL]DGRUHVDGLFLRQDOHVHVPHMRUDSR\DUDPERVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVHQHOODGRGH
WUDEDMR6LVRODPHQWHVHXWLOL]DHOHVWDELOL]DGRUGHODJU~DVHUiQHFHVDULRUHGXFLUPiVIXHUWHPHQWHOD
IXHU]DGHHOHYDFLyQDFDXVDGHODPD\RUWRUVLyQGHOEDVWLGRU
(VWDELOL]DFLyQySWLPD (VWDELOL]DFLyQGHVIDYRUDEOH

 


   
Dispositivos de seguridad

+36&HQFRPELQDFLyQFRQ3DOWURQLF
'HVFRQH[LyQHQVLWXDFLyQOtPLWH
6LGHELGRDXQPRPHQWRGHFDUJDHOHYDGRVHDOFDQ]DHOOtPLWHGHHVWDELOLGDGSHUPLWLGRHQXQD]RQD
GDGDHOVLVWHPDGHVFRQHFWDWRGRVORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~DTXHHPSHRUDQODHVWDELOLGDGGHO
YHKtFXOR
(VWRVHLQGLFDSRUHOSDUSDGHRGHOLQGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJDDO\GHO/('©6REUHFDUJDHQ
OtPLWHGHFDUJDUHGXFLGRª


(QWRQFHV~QLFDPHQWHVHSXHGHQHMHFXWDUDTXHOORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~DTXHPHMRUDQODHVWDELOLGDG
GHOYHKtFXOR
,QGLFDFLRQHVySWLFDV
/DVLWXDFLyQGHHVWDELOL]DFLyQVHOHFFLRQDGDVHLQGLFDGHPDQHUDSHUPDQHQWHHQHOLQGLFDGRUGH
HVWDGRVGHOVLVWHPD+36&


 *DWRHVWDELOL]DGRU
 /('DSDJDGRVLJQLILFDQRDSR\DGR
 /('HQFHQGLGRVLJQLILFDDSR\DGR
 ([WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUGHQWUR
 /('DSDJDGRVLJQLILFDH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUWRWDOPHQWHUHWUDtGD
 /('LQWHUPLWHQWHVLJQLILFDH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUQRGHVSOHJDGDKDVWDODPLWDGGHVX
UHFRUULGRGHH[WHQVLyQ
 /('FRQOX]FRQWLQXDVLJQLILFDH[WHQVLyQGHHVWDELOL]DGRUGHVSOHJDGDPiVGHODPLWDGGH
VXUHFRUULGRGHH[WHQVLyQ
 ([WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUIXHUD
 /('DSDJDGRVLJQLILFDH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUQRGHVSOHJDGDPiVGHODPLWDGGHVX
UHFRUULGRGHH[WHQVLyQ
 /('LQWHUPLWHQWHVLJQLILFDH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUGHVSOHJDGDPiVGHODPLWDGGHVX
UHFRUULGRGHH[WHQVLyQSHURQRSRUFRPSOHWR
 /('HQFHQGLGRVLJQLILFDH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUWRWDOPHQWHGHVSOHJDGD
/DIUHFXHQFLDGHODLQWHUPLWHQFLDGHO/('GHODH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUHVWiDGDSWDGDDODSRVLFLyQ
GHODH[WHQVLyQ
x 7LHPSRGHOX]FRUWRSDXVDODUJD/DH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUVRODPHQWHHVWiDOJRGHVSOHJDGD
HQOD]RQDLQGLFDGD
x 7LHPSRGHOX]ODUJRSDXVDFRUWD/DH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUHVWiGHVSOHJDGDFDVLSRU

FRPSOHWRHQOD]RQDLQGLFDGD


   
Capítulo 5 Dispositivos de seguridad



2SFLRQHV+36&/&$ /RDG&DSDFLW\$UHD 
(VWiQGLVSRQLEOHVGHIRUPDRSFLRQDO/&$/&$/&$RXQDFRPELQDFLyQGHHVWRVVLVWHPDVGH
VHJXULGDG (VWRV VH UHTXLHUHQ SDUD FDOFXODU OD HVWDELOLGDG GH OD JU~D HQ FDVR GH HVWDELOL]DFLyQ
DGLFLRQDORXWLOL]DFLyQGHXQODVWUH(ODMXVWHGHHVWDVRSFLRQHVORUHDOL]DHOFDUURFHURLQVWDODGRU3RU
HOOR HO FDUURFHURLQVWDODGRU GHEH HIHFWXDU XQD LQVWUXFFLyQ GHO RSHUDGRUWLWXODU HQ /&$ /&$
/&$ R XQD FRPELQDFLyQ GH ORV PLVPRV 6H HODERUDUi OD FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH SODFD GH FDSDFLGDG
QRPLQDO\VHFRORFDUiHQFDGDXQRGHORVSXHVWRVGHPDQGRGHODSDUDWR

/&$
,QWHJUDFLyQGHJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVRSFLRQDOHVGHODQWHGHODFDELQDGHOFRQGXFWRU





(MHPSOR/&$
/D]RQDURMDUHSUHVHQWDOD]RQDGH
WUDEDMRFDOFXODGDGHPDQHUDDGLFLRQDO
SRUODXWLOL]DFLyQGH/&$


/&$
,QWHJUDFLyQGHJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVRSFLRQDOHVHQODSDUWHSRVWHULRUGHOYHKtFXOR



/&$
,QWHJUDFLyQGHXQODVWUHDPRYLEOHUHPROTXHHWF WDPELpQSDUD+36&/ 


(OFDUURFHURLQVWDODGRUFDOFXODUiOD]RQDGHWUDEDMRFXDQGRVHXWLOL]DXQGHWHUPLQDGRODVWUH
/&$VHFRQHFWDDXWRPiWLFDPHQWHFXDQGRVHFRORFDHOODVWUH\VHYXHOYHDGHVFRQHFWDUDOUHWLUDUOR



   
Dispositivos de seguridad

 ¡Atención!
£6LSDUD/&$VHXWLOL]DXQODVWUHGLVWLQWRDOFDOFXODGR\GHWHUPLQDGR
SRUHOLQVWDODGRUH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHYXHOFR\FRQHOORSHOLJURGH
PXHUWH

3DUD/&$VRORHVWiSHUPLWLGRXVDUHOODVWUHGHWHUPLQDGR\FDOFXODGRSRUHOLQVWDODGRU

&RPELQDFLyQ/&$
(VSRVLEOHFRPELQDUGLVWLQWDVYDULDQWHVGH/&$
(MHPSOR/&$MXQWRFRQ/&$





/D]RQDURMDUHSUHVHQWDOD]RQDGH
WUDEDMRFDOFXODGDRWUDYH]GHPDQHUD
DGLFLRQDOSRU/&$MXQWRFRQ/&$





¡Nota!
 £8QODVWUHWDPELpQPHMRUDFRQVLGHUDEOHPHQWHHQ+36&ODHVWDELOLGDG
ODWHUDO


(QHOLQGLFDGRU©6LWXDFLyQGHVREUHFDUJDªVHLQGLFDQODVVLWXDFLRQHVGH
VREUHFDUJD 






   
Capítulo 5 Dispositivos de seguridad




/LPLWDFLyQGHODOFDQFHGHJLURVREUHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGR
HOHYDGR,6
,6


%ORTXHRGHODOFDQFHGHJLURVREUHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGRSDUDSURWHJHUDO
RSHUDGRU(ODOFDQFHORDMXVWDHOFDUURFHURLQVWDODGRU


,6


%ORTXHRGHODOFDQFHGHJLURVREUHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGRSDUDSURWHJHUDO
RSHUDGRU(ODOFDQFHORDMXVWDHOFDUURFHURLQVWDODGRU6LVHHOHYDHOEUD]R
SULQFLSDOSRUHQFLPDGHOiQJXORDMXVWDGRSRUHOFDUURFHURLQVWDODGRUHQWRQFHV
SRGUiVHUJLUDGRSRUHQFLPDGHOSXHVWRGHPDQGR(OFDUURFHURLQVWDODGRUGHEH
LQVWUXLUDORSHUDGRUXVXDULRVREUHHOSDUWLFXODU


,6


%ORTXHRGHODOFDQFHGHJLURVREUHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGRSDUDSURWHJHUDO
RSHUDGRU(ODOFDQFHORDMXVWDHOFDUURFHURLQVWDODGRU6LVHHOHYDQHOEUD]R
SULQFLSDO\HOEUD]RDUWLFXODGRSRUHQFLPDGHOiQJXORDMXVWDGRSRUHOFDUURFHUR
LQVWDODGRUHQWRQFHVSRGUiQVHUJLUDGRVSRUHQFLPDGHOSXHVWRGHPDQGR(O
FDUURFHURLQVWDODGRUGHEHLQVWUXLUDORSHUDGRUXVXDULRVREUHHOSDUWLFXODU


   
Dispositivos de seguridad




&RQWUROGHODJHRPHWUtD
 ¡Atención!(QFDVRGHTXHODSRVLFLyQGHOEUD]RGHFDUJDWHQJDXQ
iQJXORVXSHULRUDƒ
x XQPRYLPLHQWRGHODJU~DUiSLGRREUXVFR
SXHGHFDXVDUXQDPD\RUGHVYLDFLyQGHOEUD]RGHFDUJD ODWHUDOPHQWH
KDFLDDWUiV 
(VWRSXHGHRFDVLRQDUODFDtGDGHODFDUJD(QWRQFHVH[LVWLUiSHOLJUR
GHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV

6LODJU~DVHHQWUHJDFRQFHUWLILFDGRGHFRQIRUPLGDG&(DTXHOODHVWDUiHTXLSDGDFRQXQVLVWHPDGH
FRQWUROGHODJHRPHWUtDDSDUWLUGHXQDGHWHUPLQDGDYDULDQWHGHEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQ
(OFRQWUROGHODJHRPHWUtDLQFOX\HXQDYLJLODQFLDGHOVLVWHPDGHEUD]RVGHFDUJDGHSHQGLHQWHGHOD
FDUJD\XQDYLJLODQFLDLQGHSHQGLHQWHGHODFDUJD
$TXtVHPLGHODVXPDGHWRGRVORViQJXORVGHOEUD]RGHFDUJD GHODJU~D\VLH[LVWHGHOžVLVWHPD
DUWLFXODGR 
(QODFRQVRODGHYLVXDOL]DFLyQ3DOWURQLFHQODJU~DRHQODFRQVRODGHPDQGRDGLVWDQFLDVHLQGLFDVL
HOFRQWUROGHODJHRPHWUtDVHKDDFWLYDGRFRQODJU~DRFRQHOžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR YpDVHWDPELpQ
©6LVWHPDGHVHJXULGDG\GHPDQGR3DOWURQLFª9LVXDOL]DFLyQ6LWXDFLyQGHVREUHFDUJD/LPLWDFLyQ
GHPRYLPLHQWRV 
&RQWUROGHODJHRPHWUtDLQGHSHQGLHQWHGHODFDUJD iQJXORGHOEUD]RGHODJU~D Pi[ƒ 
&XDQGRVHDOFDQ]DXQiQJXORGHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGRPi[GHƒWRGRVORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~DTXH
DXPHQWDQHOiQJXORGHOEUD]RGHFDUJDTXHGDQEORTXHDGRVLQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWHGHODFDUJDHOHYDGD
(MHPSORVJU~D




)XQFLyQVLQžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR
x 6LQVHxDODF~VWLFDGHDGYHUWHQFLD
x (OLQGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJDQRSDUSDGHD
x 7RGRVORVPRYLPLHQWRVTXHDXPHQWDQHOiQJXORGHOEUD]RGHFDUJDHVWiQEORTXHDGRV
x ,QGLFDFLyQFyGLJRGHHVWDGR3DOWURQLF


   
Capítulo 5 Dispositivos de seguridad

(MHPSORJU~DFRQžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR
$PHGLGDTXHDXPHQWDHOiQJXORGHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGRHOSRVLEOHiQJXORGHVREUHH[WHQVLyQGHOž
VLVWHPDDUWLFXODGRGLVPLQX\H(OiQJXORGHVREUHH[WHQVLyQSRVLEOHGHSHQGHGHOPRGHORGHOžVLVWHPD
DUWLFXODGR
$PHGLGDTXHDXPHQWDHOiQJXORGHOEUD]RGHFDUJD LQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWHGHODFDUJDHQWUHƒ\
ƒ UHGXFFLyQVXFHVLYDGHOiQJXORGHVREUHH[WHQVLyQGHOžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR




)XQFLyQFRQžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR
x 6LQVHxDODF~VWLFDGHDGYHUWHQFLD
x (OLQGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJDQRSDUSDGHD
x 7RGRVORVPRYLPLHQWRVTXHDXPHQWDQHOiQJXORGHOEUD]RGHFDUJDHVWiQEORTXHDGRV

x ,QGLFDFLyQFyGLJRGHHVWDGR3DOWURQLF
¡Nota!$PHGLGDTXHDXPHQWDHOiQJXORGHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGR
 UHGX]FDHQFRQVRQDQFLDHOiQJXORGHVREUHH[WHQVLyQGHOžVLVWHPD
DUWLFXODGR(VWRHYLWDXQDGHVFRQH[LyQWHPSUDQDSRUHOFRQWUROGHOD
JHRPHWUtD



   
Dispositivos de seguridad

&RQWUROGHODJHRPHWUtDHQIXQFLyQGHODFDUJD
(MHPSORJU~D


 
(OFRQWUROGHODJHRPHWUtDGHSHQGLHQWHGHODFDUJDHVXQFRQWUROGHOVLVWHPDGHOEUD]RGHFDUJDHQHO
TXHVHWLHQHHQFXHQWDHOiQJXORGHOEUD]RGHFDUJD\ODFDUJDHOHYDGD


)XQFLyQVLQžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR 

x 6HxDODF~VWLFDGHDGYHUWHQFLD
x (OLQGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJDSDUSDGHD
x 7RGRVORVPRYLPLHQWRVTXHDXPHQWDQHOiQJXOR
GHOEUD]RGHFDUJDHVWiQEORTXHDGRV
x ©([WHQGHUORVEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQªEORTXHDGR
x ,QGLFDFLyQFyGLJRGHHVWDGR3DOWURQLF


)XQFLyQFRQžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR 
x 6HxDODF~VWLFDGHDGYHUWHQFLD
x (OLQGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJDSDUSDGHD
x 7RGRVORVPRYLPLHQWRVTXHDXPHQWDQHOiQJXOR
GHOEUD]RGHFDUJDHVWiQEORTXHDGRV
x ©([WHQGHUORVEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQª JU~D\ž
VLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR EORTXHDGR
x ©(OHYDUHOFDEUHVWDQWHªEORTXHDGR 

x ,QGLFDFLyQFyGLJRGHHVWDGR3DOWURQLF
6tTXHSXHGHQDFFLRQDUVHWRGRVORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~DTXHUHGX]FDQHOiQJXORGHOEUD]RGH
FDUJD\GHUHWUDFFLyQGHORVEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQ
1RWD
&RQWUROGHODJHRPHWUtDHQ  
IXQFLyQGHODFDUJD 6REUHFDUJDGHODJU~D


'LVWLQWDVIXQFLRQHVGHEORTXHRHQWUHHOFRQWURO
GHODJHRPHWUtDGHSHQGLHQWHGHODFDUJD\OD
VREUHFDUJDQRUPDOGHODJU~D

 


   
Capítulo 5 Dispositivos de seguridad

&RQWUROGHLQFOLQDFLyQ


 ¡Atención!(QFDVRGHTXHODSRVLFLyQGHOEUD]RGHFDUJDWHQJDXQ
iQJXORVXSHULRUDƒ
xXQPRYLPLHQWRGHODJU~DUiSLGRREUXVFR
xODVREUHH[WHQVLyQGHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGRRGHOžVLVWHPD
DUWLFXODGR
SXHGHQFDXVDUXQDPD\RUGHVYLDFLyQGHOEUD]RGHFDUJD ODWHUDOPHQWH
KDFLDDWUiV 
(VWRSXHGHSURGXFLUODFDtGDGHODFDUJD(QWRQFHVH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGH
PXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV
6LFRQSRVLFLRQHVGHOEUD]RGHFDUJDFRQXQiQJXORVXSHULRUDƒVH
LQFXPSOHQODVFDUJDVPi[LPDVVHJ~QHOGLDJUDPDGHFDUJDVH[LVWLUi
JUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH

)XQFLyQ
6LHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGR\RHOžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGRDOFDQ]DQXQiQJXORGH
ƒ /DOX]DPDULOODGHODJU~DSDUSDGHDUi
ƒ /DJU~DVHSDUDUiVRQDUiODVHxDOGHVREUHFDUJD/DVIXQFLRQHVGHODJU~D
x VXELUHOEUD]RSULQFLSDO
x VXELUHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGR
x VXELUHOžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR
HVWDUiQEORTXHDGDV7RGDVODVGHPiVIXQFLRQHVGHODJU~DVt
TXHVHUiQSRVLEOHV

STOP



3RQHUODJU~DHQODSRVLFLyQL]DGD
'HVSXpVFRQWURODUODFDSDFLGDGGHFDUJDDGPLVLEOHSDUDOD]RQDVXSHULRUDƒ
SRVLFLyQGHJUDQLQFOLQDFLyQ HVSRVLEOHSRQHUODJU~DHQXQDSRVLFLyQGHJUDQ
LQFOLQDFLyQDSUHWDQGRHOSXOVDGRU2/3 VXHQDXQERFLQD]RFRUWR /DOX]LQWHUPLWHQWH

VLJXHSDUSDGHDQGR véase también «Posición de trabajo GrúaªFDStWXOR 
x (QODSRVLFLyQGHLQFOLQDFLyQSURQXQFLDGDHIHFW~HVRODPHQWHPRYLPLHQWRVVXDYHVFRQODJU~D
x 1RH[WLHQGDHQH[FHVRHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGRQLHOžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR
x 2EVHUYHH[DFWDPHQWHODVFDSDFLGDGHVGHFDUJD\RORVDOFDQFHV
8QDYH]TXHHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGR\HOžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGRYXHOYDQDHVWDUSRUGHEDMRGHƒODOX]
LQWHUPLWHQWHGHMDUiGHSDUSDGHDU


&RQWUROGHLQFOLQDFLyQKDVWDODH[WHQVLyQžVLVWHPD
DUWLFXODGR


9pDVHHOPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVGHOžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR



   
Dispositivos de seguridad



6LVWHPDOLPLWDGRUGHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJD26.

/LPLWDGRUGHFDUJDVKLGUiXOLFRFRQEUD]RDUWLFXODGREORTXHDGRHQDPERVODGRV
8QDYH]TXHODJU~DDOFDQ]DOD]RQDGHVREUHFDUJDXQRVFLOLQGURVGHEORTXHRSUHVLRQDQDODSRVLFLyQ
QHXWUDODVSDODQFDVGHPDQRGHWRGDVODVIXQFLRQHVTXHDXPHQWDQHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJD

/RVVLJXLHQWHVPRYLPLHQWRVGHMDQGHVHUSRVLEOHV


%UD]RSULQFLSDO %DMDU
%UD]RDUWLFXODGR %DMDU6XELU
%UD]RGHH[WHQVLyQ ([WHQGHU

/DVSDODQFDVGHPDQREORTXHDGDVVRORVHYXHOYHQDGHVEORTXHDUXQDYH]TXHVHKDUHGXFLGRHO
PRPHQWRGHFDUJD
6LHVSRVLEOHGLVPLQX\DHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJDFRQ
HOPRYLPLHQWRGHODJU~D©5HWUDHUEUD]RVGH
H[WHQVLyQª'HVSXpVGHHOORYXHOYHQDVHUSRVLEOHV
WRGDVODVIXQFLRQHVGHODJU~D





 ¡Precaución!$OEDMDUHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGREUD]RSULQFLSDOPLHQWUDV
HVWiSRUHQFLPDGHODKRUL]RQWDOHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJDDXPHQWD
EUHYHPHQWH

6LGHELGRDODSRVLFLyQGHODJU~D WRGRVORVEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQUHWUDtGRV \DQRHVSRVLEOHUHDOL]DU


QLQJ~QPRYLPLHQWRFRQODJU~DTXHUHGX]FDHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJDSURFHGDFRPRVLJXHSDUD
GHVEORTXHDUODVIXQFLRQHVGHODJU~D
$FFLRQHODIXQFLyQ©5HWUDHUEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQª
\


EDMHHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGRKDVWDTXHVH
YXHOYDQDGHVEORTXHDUODVSDODQFDVGHPDQR
SDODQFDVGHPDQGR 


9XHOYHQDVHUSRVLEOHVWRGRVORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~D


   
Capítulo 5 Dispositivos de seguridad

&XDQGRHOEUD]RSULQFLSDOVHHQFXHQWUHHQHOWRSHILQDOVXSHULRU\\DQRVHDSRVLEOHUHDOL]DUQLQJ~Q
PRYLPLHQWRFRQODJU~DTXHUHGX]FDHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJDSURFHGDFRPRVLJXHSDUDGHVEORTXHDUODV
IXQFLRQHVGHODJU~D
$FFLRQHODIXQFLyQ©5HWUDHUEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQª
\


EDMHHOEUD]RSULQFLSDOKDVWDTXHVHYXHOYDQ
DGHVEORTXHDUODVSDODQFDVGHPDQR SDODQFDVGH
PDQGR 


9XHOYHQDVHUSRVLEOHVWRGRVORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~D



6LVWHPDVGHFRQWUROSDUDODSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWH
(QRSFLyQHVWiQGLVSRQLEOHVORVVLJXLHQWHVVLVWHPDV
x %UD]RGHFDUJDDSR\DGRHQODVXSHUILFLHGHFDUJD GLVSRVLWLYRDYLVDGRUGHHOHYDFLyQ (VWiQGDUHQ
JU~DVFRQGHFODUDFLyQ©&(ªGHFRQIRUPLGDG (1 
x *U~DSOHJDGDDODDQFKXUDGHOYHKtFXOR
x &RQWUROGHOEORTXHRGHODH[WHQVLyQPDQXDOGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU(VWiQGDUHQJU~DVFRQGHFODUDFLyQ
©&(ªGHFRQIRUPLGDG (1 
x ©([WHQVLyQKLGUiXOLFDGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUªWRWDOPHQWHUHWUDtGD
x *DWRHVWDELOL]DGRU\H[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUWRWDOPHQWHUHWUDtGRV
(OFDUURFHURLQVWDODGRUFRQHFWDWRGRVORVVLVWHPDVPHQFLRQDGRVDXQDOX]GHDGYHUWHQFLDXQ
]XPEDGRUXQVLVWHPDGHLQPRYLOL]DFLyQHWFVLWXDGRVQRUPDOPHQWHHQODFDELQDGHOFRQGXFWRU





   
Dispositivos de seguridad




0RGRGHPDQGRGHHPHUJHQFLDWUDVHOIDOORGHOPDQGRD
GLVWDQFLD
([WUDLJDHODFXPXODGRUFRORTXHXQDFXPXODGRUGHUHVHUYDFDUJDGR&DUJXHGHLQPHGLDWRHO
DFXPXODGRUH[WUDtGR
6LHOVLVWHPDGHPDQGRDGLVWDQFLDSRUUDGLRIUHFXHQFLDVLJXHVLQIXQFLRQDUFRQHFWHHQWUHVtHO
WUDQVPLVRU\HOUHFHSWRUWDOFRPRPXHVWUDODLOXVWUDFLyQVLJXLHQWH


6LVLJXHVLHQGRLPSRVLEOHHMHFXWDUORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~DPHGLDQWHHOPDQGRDGLVWDQFLDSRU
UDGLRIUHFXHQFLD

3RQJDHOVHOHFWRUGHPRGRHQPRGRGH
HPHUJHQFLD
 0RGRGHHPHUJHQFLDJU~D

 0RGRGHHPHUJHQFLDHVWDELOL]DGRUPDQGDGR
SRUUDGLR

(IHFW~HODVPDQLREUDVGHVGHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRGHHPHUJHQFLDVLWXDGRHQODJU~D(VSRVLEOH
WHUPLQDUORVWUDEDMRVGHFDUJD\GHVFDUJD$FXGDDXQVHUYLFLRSRVYHQWDDXWRUL]DGRGH3$/),1*(5




 ¡Atención!6LHORSHUDGRUQRSXHGHYHUGHVGHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGR
GHHPHUJHQFLDGHODJU~DWRGRVORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~D\GHO
VLVWHPDHVWDELOL]DURODWUD\HFWRULDGHODFDUJDH[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJUR
GHPXHUWH

6LGHVGHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRGHHPHUJHQFLDSDUDODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHHVWDELOL]DFLyQRGHODJU~DQRHV
SRVLEOHYHUHQVXWRWDOLGDGWRGRVORV
x FRPSRQHQWHVGHOVLVWHPDHVWDELOL]DGRU
x PRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~D\ODWUD\HFWRULDGHODFDUJDTXHVHGHULYDGHHOORV
x FDUJDV
HORSHUDGRUGHEHUiVHUD\XGDGRSRUXQVHxDOLVWDFXDOLILFDGR






   
Capítulo 5 Dispositivos de seguridad




)DOORGHOVLVWHPDHOpFWULFRGHODJU~D
6LHODSDUDWRVHSDUDDFDXVDGHXQGHIHFWRHQHOVLVWHPDHOpFWULFRHOHFWUyQLFR
x 3XOVHHQODFRQVRODGHYLVXDOL]DFLyQ3DOWURQLFHOERWyQ©5HVHWª
x 5HYLVHODDOLPHQWDFLyQHOpFWULFD IXVLEOH 
6LQRVHVXEVDQDHOGHIHFWRSRQJDODJU~DHQODSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWHXVDQGRHOPRGRGH
HPHUJHQFLDWDOFRPRVHGHVFULEHDFRQWLQXDFLyQ


 ¡Atención!(QHOPRGRGHHPHUJHQFLDWRGRVORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGH
VHJXULGDGFRPRORVLQWHUUXSWRUHVGHSDUDGDGHHPHUJHQFLDWRGRVORV
VLVWHPDVOLPLWDGRUHVGHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJDHWFHVWiQDQXODGRV
5HGX]FDHQVHJXLGDHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJDHQHOPRGRGHHPHUJHQFLD
(OTXHVLJDWUDEDMDQGRVHSRQHDVtPLVPR\SRQHDRWURVHQSHOLJUR
GHPXHUWH
(VLPSHUDWLYRVXVSHQGHUODDFWLYLGDGGHFDUJD

*U~DFRQ+3/6\YiOYXODGHPDQGRDGLVWDQFLDHQODEDVHGHODJU~D
x 4XLWHHOSUHFLQWRGHOWRUQLOORGHSXHQWHDU
DPDULOOR HQODYiOYXODGHPDQGR 
x (QURVTXHKDVWDHOWRSHHOWRUQLOORGHSXHQWHDU\
JtUHORDFRQWLQXDFLyQHQWUHGRV\WUHVYXHOWDV
KDFLDDWUiV
x 'HSRVLWHODFDUJDSHURVLQDXPHQWDUHO
DOFDQFHQLHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJDDOKDFHUOR
YpDVH©/tPLWHVGHFDUJDFDUJDVªFDStWXOR 
x 3RQJDODJU~DHQODSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWHWDO
FRPRVHGHVFULEHHQHOFDStWXOR

x $SULHWHHOWRUQLOORGHSXHQWHDUKDVWDKDFHUWRSH
x 5HWUDLJDORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV\ODV
H[WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU
x $FXGDHQVHJXLGDDXQWDOOHUFRQFHVLRQDULR
3$/),1*(5


7RGDVODVUHVWDQWHVJU~DV VLQ,6& 
x 4XLWHHOSUHFLQWR
x $SULHWHHOWRUQLOORGHSXHQWHDUKDVWDKDFHUWRSH
x 'HSRVLWHODFDUJDSHURVLQDXPHQWDUHO
DOFDQFHQLHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJDDOKDFHUOR
YpDVH©/tPLWHVGHFDUJDFDUJDVªFDStWXOR 
x 3RQJDODJU~DHQODSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWHWDO
FRPRVHGHVFULEHHQHOFDStWXOR
x $FXGDHQVHJXLGDDXQWDOOHUFRQFHVLRQDULR
3$/),1*(5




   
Dispositivos de seguridad

7RGDVODVUHVWDQWHVJU~DV FRQ,6& 
/DYiOYXODVHHQFXHQWUDHQWUHODYiOYXODGHPDQGRGHODJU~D\ODYiOYXODGHPDQGRGHORVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV
x 4XLWHODFXELHUWDGHODYiOYXODGH 
PDQGR
x 4XLWHHOSUHFLQWRGHODYiOYXOD
x 'HVHQURVTXHHOFDSXFKyQ
SURWHFWRUD]XO
x $SULHWHHOYiVWDJR\JtUHORKDVWD
EORTXHDUOR
x 'HSRVLWHODFDUJDSHURVLQ
DXPHQWDUHODOFDQFHQLHO
PRPHQWRGHFDUJDDOKDFHUOR
YpDVH©/tPLWHVGHFDUJD 
FDUJDVªFDStWXOR  
x 3RQJDODJU~DHQODSRVLFLyQGH
WUDQVSRUWHWDOFRPRVHGHVFULEH
HQHOFDStWXOR
x $FXGDHQVHJXLGDDXQWDOOHU
FRQFHVLRQDULR3$/),1*(5





   
Capítulo 6

&$3Ë78/2

(TXLSDPLHQWRVDGLFLRQDOHV

En este capítulo
,QIRUPDFLyQJHQHUDO
'LVSRVLWLYRVGHHOHYDFLyQGHODFDUJD
(TXLSRVDX[LOLDUHV
(TXLSRVDGLFLRQDOHVGHODJU~D




   
Capítulo 6 Equipamientos adicionales

,QIRUPDFLyQJHQHUDO
¡Nota! 
 6RODPHQWHHVWiSHUPLWLGRXVDUHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHVTXHVHDQ
DGHFXDGRVSDUDODJU~DFDUJDGRUDFRQFUHWD

¡Nota! 
 3XHGHQDGTXLULUVHHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHV\GLVSRVLWLYRVGHHOHYDFLyQGH
ODFDUJDDGHFXDGRVHQWRGRVORVVHUYLFLRVDXWRUL]DGRVSRVYHQWDGH
3$/),1*(5


3$/),1*(5QRDVXPHQLQJXQDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGQLJDUDQWtDSRUORVGDxRVRDFFLGHQWHVFX\DFDXVD
VHDHOXVRGHHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHVRGLVSRVLWLYRVGHHOHYDFLyQGHODFDUJDDMHQRV
/DJU~DSXHGHIXQFLRQDUFRQXQDVHULHHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHV\GHGLVSRVLWLYRVGHHOHYDFLyQGHODFDUJD
GLYHUVRV
(MHPSORGHHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHV (MHPSORGHGLVSRVLWLYRVGHHOHYDFLyQGHODFDUJD
&DEUHVWDQWHFXFKDUDURWDGRUH[WHQVLyQGH HVOLQJDV
DFFLRQDPLHQWRPHFiQLFRGHODSOXPDž *DQFKRFDEOHVFDGHQDVFLQFKDVJULOOHWHVKRUTXLOOD
VLVWHPDDUWLFXODGRKRUTXLOODKLGUiXOLFDSDUD SDUDSDOHWDVHWFpWHUD
SDOHWDVEDUUHQDGRUHWFpWHUD

6HJ~QFXiOVHDHOGLVSRVLWLYRGHHOHYDFLyQGHODFDUJDRHOHTXLSRDX[LOLDUGHEHUiHVWDUFRORFDGDXQD
SODFDGHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVFRQLQGLFDFLRQHVFRPR
x GHQRPLQDFLyQGHWLSR
x DxRGHFRQVWUXFFLyQ
x IDEULFDQWH
x Q~PHURGHVHULH
x SHVRSURSLR
x FDSDFLGDGGHHOHYDFLyQPi[LPDDGPLVLEOH
x SUHVLyQGHVHUYLFLR
x HWFpWHUD
(ORSHUDGRUGHEHKDEHUUHFLELGRXQDIRUPDFLyQVREUHWRGRVORVHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHVGLVSRVLWLYRVGH
HOHYDFLyQGHODFDUJD\HVOLQJDVTXHVHXWLOLFHQ\HVWDUIDPLOLDUL]DGRFRQORVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV
PDQXDOHVGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVLQVWUXFFLRQHVRSHUDWLYDV


 ¡Atención!
([LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWHVL
 /DJU~DVXIUHVREUHFDUJDSRUORVHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHV\R
GLVSRVLWLYRVGHHOHYDFLyQGHODFDUJD
 /RVHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHHOHYDFLyQGHOD
FDUJD\RHVOLQJDVVXIUHQVREUHFDUJDSRUODJU~D
7HQJDHQFXHQWDODVFDSDFLGDGHVGHFDUJDGHORVHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHHOHYDFLyQGHOD
FDUJD\HVOLQJDV
7HQJDHQFXHQWDHOiQJXORGHLQFOLQDFLyQPi[LPRDGPLVLEOHHQODVHVOLQJDV
/DFDSDFLGDGGHHOHYDFLyQPi[LPDGHODJU~DYLHQHGHWHUPLQDGDSRUHOGLVSRVLWLYRGHHOHYDFLyQGHOD
FDUJDPiVGpELOTXHVHXWLOLFH
'LVSRVLWLYRVGHHOHYDFLyQGHODFDUJD\HTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHV
x 'HEHQFRQWDUVHVLHPSUHFRPRXQDSDUWHGHODFDUJD H[FHSWRHOFDEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOH\HOž
VLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR 
x 'HEHQHVWDUVXMHWRV\DVHJXUDGRVFRQSHUQRV\HOHPHQWRVGHVHJXULGDGRULJLQDOHV3$/),1*(5

DGHFXDGRV


   
Equipamientos adicionales

 ¡Atención!
6LVHHIHFW~DQWUDEDMRVGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHVHVWDQGR
FRQHFWDGRHODSDUDWRH[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH&XPSODODV
LQVWUXFFLRQHVSHUWLQHQWHV5HVSHWHODVGLVWDQFLDVPtQLPDV YpDVH
©3HOLJURGHDSODVWDPLHQWRªHQHOFDStWXOR 

(IHFW~H\ILQDOLFHVLHPSUHORVWUDEDMRVGHSUHSDUDFLyQ
x DQWHVGHFRPHQ]DUDWUDEDMDUFRQODJU~D
x FRQHODSDUDWRGHVFRQHFWDGR
x SRUHORSHUDGRURSRUSHUVRQDOHVSHFLDOLVWDFXDOLILFDGR


'LVSRVLWLYRVGHHOHYDFLyQGHODFDUJD
*DQFKRGHFDUJD



 ¡Atención!
8QJDQFKRGHFDUJDRXQJULOOHWHHTXLYRFDGRVXMHWRGHIRUPDHUUyQHD
GHIHFWXRVRRVLQDVHJXUDUSXHGHGDUOXJDUDTXHVHFDLJDODFDUJD
(QWRQFHVH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDV
SHUVRQDV
x 8WLOLFHXQJDQFKR\XQJULOOHWHDGHFXDGRVDOSHVRGHODFDUJDTXHVHYD\DDHOHYDU
x (QDOJXQRVPRGHORVGHJU~DVHKDQSUHYLVWRGLVWLQWRVJDQFKRVGHFDUJD\JULOOHWHV8WLOLFH
²XQJDQFKRGHFDUJD\XQJULOOHWHFRQSHUQR3$/),1*(5VXMHWRVDOFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHGLVSRVLWLYR
GHVXVSHQVLyQGHFDUJDV
TXHWHQJDQXQDFDUJDPi[LPDGHXWLOL]DFLyQVXILFLHQWH
x 7HQJDHQFXHQWDODHWLTXHWDLQGLFDGRUDGHFDUJDPi[LPDGHXWLOL]DFLyQFRORFDGDHQHOGLVSRVLWLYR
GHVXVSHQVLyQGHFDUJDV
x 3DUDPRYHUFDUJDVSHVDGDVXVHORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHVXVSHQVLyQGHFDUJDVPiVSRVWHULRUHVGHOD
JU~D
x (OFLHUUHGHVHJXULGDGGHOJDQFKRGHFDUJDGHEHFHUUDUVHSRUSUHVLyQGHUHVRUWHGHVSXpVGHTXH
VHHQJDQFKHODFDUJD
x $VHJXUHHOSHUQRGHOJULOOHWHFRQXQVHJXURSDUDSHUQRV SDVDGRUGHDQLOOD £8WLOLFH~QLFDPHQWH
SHUQRVRULJLQDOHVSDUDHOJULOOHWH


x +DJDUHSDUDULQPHGLDWDPHQWHHQXQVHUYLFLRSRVYHQWDDXWRUL]DGRGH3$/),1*(5ORVFLHUUHVGH

VHJXULGDGSDUDJDQFKRVRVHJXURVSDUDSHUQRVTXHHVWpQGHIHFWXRVRV

 ¡Precaución!
3UHVWHDWHQFLyQDOSHOLJURGHDSODVWDPLHQWRLQFUHPHQWDGRDO
HQJDQFKDU\GHVHQJDQFKDUODFDUJD


5HVSHWHODVGLVWDQFLDVPtQLPDVQHFHVDULDVUHVSHFWRDWRGRVORVSXQWRVGHFL]DOODGXUD\DSODVWDPLHQWR
YpDVH©3HOLJURGHDSODVWDPLHQWRªHQHOFDStWXOR 



   
Capítulo 6 Equipamientos adicionales



(TXLSRVDX[LOLDUHV
$FRSODPLHQWRUiSLGRSDUDHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHVKLGUiXOLFRV
9DULRVHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHVFRPRVRQODFXFKDUDHOURWDGRUHOžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGRHWFIXQFLRQDQ
KLGUiXOLFDPHQWH3DUDHOORHVQHFHVDULRDFRSODUHOVLVWHPDKLGUiXOLFRGHOHTXLSRDX[LOLDUDOVLVWHPD
KLGUiXOLFRGHODJU~D



 ¡Precaución!
/RVDFRSODPLHQWRVPDOFRQHFWDGRVRVXFLRVGDQOXJDUDHVFDSHVGH
DFHLWH FRQWDPLQDFLyQGHOPHGLRDPELHQWH RDTXHIDOOHHOHTXLSR
DX[LOLDU

0DQWHQJDVLHPSUHOLPSLRVORVDFRSODPLHQWRV

$FRSODPLHQWRVURVFDGRV
8QLU


x 'HVFRQHFWHODERPED
x $FFLRQHODSDODQFDGHPDQGRHQDPEDVSRVLFLRQHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWR/RVFRQGXFWRVHVWiQVLQ
SUHVLyQ
x $VHJ~UHVHGHTXHODVSDODQFDVGHPDQGRVHHQFXHQWUDQHQODSRVLFLyQQHXWUD
x 5HWLUHORVJXDUGDSROYRVGHORVDFRSODPLHQWRV
x $WRUQLOOHORVDFRSODPLHQWRVURVFDGRVKDVWDKDFHUWRSH WHQJDHQFXHQWDORVFRORUHV 
x 8QDORVJXDUGDSROYRV
x *XDUGHFRUUHFWDPHQWHODVPDQJXHUDVHQODEDQGHMDDOHIHFWR




6HSDUDU
x 'HVFRQHFWHODERPED
x $FFLRQHODSDODQFDGHPDQGRHQDPEDVSRVLFLRQHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWR/RVFRQGXFWRVHVWiQVLQ
SUHVLyQ
x $VHJ~UHVHGHTXHODVSDODQFDVGHPDQGRVHHQFXHQWUDQHQODSRVLFLyQQHXWUD
x 6HSDUHORVJXDUGDSROYRV
x 6HSDUHORVDFRSODPLHQWRVURVFDGRV
x (QURVTXHORVJXDUGDSROYRVHQORVDFRSODPLHQWRV
x *XDUGHFRUUHFWDPHQWHODVPDQJXHUDVHQODEDQGHMDDOHIHFWR


   
Equipamientos adicionales




$FRSODPLHQWRP~OWLSOH
8QLU


x &DPELHDOPRGRPDQXDO HQ3DOWURQLF 
x 'HVFRQHFWHODERPED
x $FFLRQHWRGDVODVSDODQFDVGHPDQGRSDUDORVHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHV FHVWDGHWUDEDMRFXFKDUD
ELYDOYDURWDGRUHWF HQDPEDVSRVLFLRQHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWRKDVWDTXHORVFRQGXFWRVHVWpQVLQ
SUHVLyQ
x $VHJ~UHVHGHTXHODVSDODQFDVGHPDQGRVHHQFXHQWUDQHQODSRVLFLyQQHXWUD
x $EUDODWDSDGHSURWHFFLyQ   KDVWDTXHVHEORTXHH 
x $SULHWHHOERWyQGHVHJXULGDG  DEUDODSDODQFDGHVXMHFLyQ  
x &RORTXHHOFRQHFWRU  HQHODFRSODPLHQWR
x &LHUUHODSDODQFDGHVXMHFLyQ  KDVWDTXHHOERWyQGHVHJXULGDGVHEORTXHH


6HSDUDU
x &DPELHDOPRGRPDQXDO HQ3DOWURQLF 
x 'HVFRQHFWHODERPED
x $FFLRQHWRGDVODVSDODQFDVGHPDQGRSDUDORVHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHV FHVWDGHWUDEDMRFXFKDUD
ELYDOYDURWDGRUHWF HQDPEDVSRVLFLRQHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWRKDVWDTXHORVFRQGXFWRVHVWpQVLQ
SUHVLyQ
x $VHJ~UHVHGHTXHODVSDODQFDVGHPDQGRVHHQFXHQWUDQHQODSRVLFLyQQHXWUD
x $SULHWHHOERWyQGHVHJXULGDG  DEUDODSDODQFDGHVXMHFLyQ  
x 4XLWHHOFRQHFWRU  \JXiUGHORFRPRHVGHELGR
x 7LUHKDFLDDWUiVGHODSDODQFDGHVXMHFLyQ  KDVWDTXHHOERWyQGHVHJXULGDGVHEORTXHH
x &LHUUHODWDSDGHSURWHFFLyQ  


   
Capítulo 6 Equipamientos adicionales




&DEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOH
(OFDEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOHVRODPHQWHHVWiSHUPLWLGRXVDUORSDUDHOHYDUFDUJDV(VWiSURKLELGDFXDOTXLHU
WUDFFLyQHQREOLFXR
3DUDODRSHUDFLyQFRQHOFDEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOHXVHH[FOXVLYDPHQWHFDEUHVWDQWHVFDEOHV\
FRPSRQHQWHVGHFDEUHVWDQWH SROHDVGHUHHQYtRFDEH]DGHSROHDVPDWHULDOGHILMDFLyQ\VHJXULGDG
HWF GH3$/),1*(5


¡Nota!0RQWDMHSHVR\XVRGHFRPSRQHQWHVGHFDEUHVWDQWHVFRPR
SROHDVGHUHHQYtRFDEH]DVGHSROHDVSROHDVLQWHUPHGLDVFDEOH
 GLiPHWURGHOFDEOHHWFpWHUDYpDVHHOFDStWXOR©'HVFULSFLyQ
WpFQLFDª

8WLOLFH~QLFDPHQWHFDEOHVTXHQRSUHVHQWHQGDxRV YpDVH©&DEOHVFX\RHVWDGRGHGHVJDVWHH[LJHVX
VXVWLWXFLyQªFDStWXOR©0DQWHQLPLHQWRª 


$QWHVGHFRPHQ]DUORVWUDEDMRV EUD]RGHFDUJD\DHQSRVLFLyQGHWUDEDMR SUHSDUHORVFRPSRQHQWHV
GHOFDEUHVWDQWH


¡Atención!(QFDVRGHTXHQRVHUHVSHWHQODVGLVWDQFLDVPtQLPDV
 H[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHDSODVWDPLHQWR\FRQHOORJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH


5HVSHWHODVGLVWDQFLDVPtQLPDVQHFHVDULDVUHVSHFWRDWRGRVORVSXQWRVGHFL]DOODGXUD\DSODVWDPLHQWR
YpDVH©3HOLJURGHDSODVWDPLHQWRªHQHOFDStWXOR 
3RVLFLyQGHODVSROHDVLQWHUPHGLDVSROHDVGHUHHQYtRFDEH]DGHSROHDV\FDEOHYpDVH©'HVFULSFLyQ
WpFQLFDªFDStWXOR
5HDOLFH\WHUPLQHWRGRVORVWUDEDMRVGHSUHSDUDFLyQQHFHVDULRVDQWHVGHFRPHQ]DUDWUDEDMDUFRQOD
JU~D


¡Precaución!'HVSXpVGHFDGDXQRGHORVSDVRVGHPRQWDMHHV
 QHFHVDULRGHVFRQHFWDUODJU~D6LVHLQFXPSOHH[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJUR
GHVXIULUOHVLRQHVHLQFOXVRGHPXHUWH


(VWUXFWXUD

 
 &DEUHVWDQWHGH
 
FDEOH
 3ROHDGHUHHQYtR 
 3ROHDLQWHUPHGLD
 &DEH]DGHSROHDV
 3DVWHFD


   
Equipamientos adicionales

0RQWDUODFDEH]DGHSROHDV
x &RORTXHHOEUD]RSULQFLSDOHQSRVLFLyQKRUL]RQWDO\HOEUD]RDUWLFXODGRHQSRVLFLyQYHUWLFDO YpDVH
©3RQHUODJU~DHQSRVLFLyQGHWUDEDMRªFDStWXOR 
x ([WLHQGDORVEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQKDVWDXQRVFPDQWHVGHODFDEH]DGHSROHDV
 ,QVHUWHODEULGDGHVXMHFLyQHQHOEUD]RGHH[WHQVLyQ
 $VHJXUHODEULGDGHVXMHFLyQFRQXQSHUQRDVHJXUHHOSHUQR
 %DMHHOEUD]RGHH[WHQVLyQKDVWDTXHODEULGDGHVXMHFLyQVHSXHGDILMDUPHGLDQWHSHUQRHQOD
FDEH]DGHSROHDV
 $VHJXUHODEULGDGHVXMHFLyQFRQXQSHUQRHQODFDEH]DGHSROHDVDVHJXUHHOSHUQR
 %DVFXOHKDFLDDUULEDODFDEH]DGHSROHDVKDVWDTXHHVWDSXHGDVHUVXMHWDGDHQHOGLVSRVLWLYR
GHVXVSHQVLyQGHFDUJDV
 $VHJXUHODFDEH]DGHSROHDVFRQXQSHUQRHQHOGLVSRVLWLYRGHVXVSHQVLyQGHFDUJDV
DVHJXUHHOSHUQR
 










x 'HVSOLHJXHHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGRHQKRUL]RQWDO%DMHHOEUD]RGHFDUJDKDVWDTXHVHSXHGDQPRQWDU
ODVSROHDVLQWHUPHGLDV
x 'HVDUUROOHXQDORQJLWXGGHFDEOHVXILFLHQWH
x 'HVFRQHFWHODJU~D
x /DERUHHHOFDEOH
x 0RQWHODSDVWHFD
x &RPSUXHEHHOJXLDGRGHOFDEOH\HOFDEOHPLVPR
x (OFDEOHGHEHFRUUHUGXUDQWHHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHOFDEUHVWDQWHVREUHWRGDVODVSROHDV SROHDV

DGLFLRQDOHVSROHDVGHUHHQYtRHWFpWHUD 
¡Atención!6LHOFDEOHQRHVWiFRUUHFWDPHQWHJXDUQLGRSRGUiQ
 SURGXFLUVHGDxRV([LVWLUiSHOLJURGHVXIULUOHVLRQHVHLQFOXVRGH
PXHUWH

(MHPSOR



x &RORTXHHOEUD]RGHFDUJDHQODSRVLFLyQGHWUDEDMR
¡Precaución!$OPRQWDU\GHVPRQWDU\²VLHVQHFHVDULR²DOSRQHU
 HQODSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWHSRVLFLyQGHWUDEDMRH[LVWLUiJUDYH
SHOLJURGHDSODVWDPLHQWR


   
Capítulo 6 Equipamientos adicionales

(QWRGDVODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHWUDEDMRHQ
ODFDEH]DGHSROHDVGHEHUiQUHVSHWDUVH
ODVGLVWDQFLDVGHVHJXULGDGWDOFRPRVH
GHVFULEHHQHOFDStWXOR



&RPSRQHQWHVGHOFDEUHVWDQWHFRQSROHDVGHPDWHULDOVLQWpWLFR


¡Atención!6LVHKDFHIXQFLRQDUHOFDEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOH~QLFDPHQWH
FRQSROHDVGHPDWHULDOVLQWpWLFRHOFDEOHSXHGHURPSHUVHGHIRUPD
 LQHVSHUDGDGHVSXpVGHXQWLHPSRGHXWLOL]DFLyQSURORQJDGR3HOLJUR
GHPXHUWHSRUFDtGDGHODFDUJD

'HEHXVDUVHFRPRPtQLPRXQDSROHDGHDFHUR6LVHXVDQH[FOXVLYDPHQWHSROHDVGHPDWHULDO
VLQWpWLFRGHVSXpVGHXQXVRSURORQJDGRSXHGHQURPSHUVHDQWHVORVFRUGRQHVLQWHULRUHVTXHORV
FRUGRQHVH[WHULRUHV$FDXVDGHHOORQRVHGHWHFWDQODVURWXUDVGHDODPEUHHQHOFDEOH
8QDFDEH]DGHSROHDVFRQSROHDGHPDWHULDOVLQWpWLFR  VRODPHQWHVHSXHGHXVDUHQXQFDEUHVWDQWH
GHP~OWLSOHVUDPDOHV/DSDVWHFDGHEHHVWDUHTXLSDGDFRQXQDSROHDGHDFHUR  (VWiSURKLELGR
KDFHUIXQFLRQDUHOFDEUHVWDQWHFRQXQVRORUDPDO






&DEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOHHQHOEUD]RSULQFLSDO
6LVHH[WLHQGHHQH[FHVRHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGRHVWDQGR
UHWUDtGRHOSDTXHWHGHEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQHOFDEOH
SXHGHUR]DUHQHOSULPHUEUD]RGHH[WHQVLyQ(OORSXHGH
FDXVDUTXHVXIUDQGDxRVHOFDEOH\HOEUD]RGH
H[WHQVLyQ
3DUDHYLWDUORH[WLHQGDHOSDTXHWHGHEUD]RVGH
H[WHQVLyQDQWHVGHFRPHQ]DUODRSHUDFLyQGHO
FDEUHVWDQWHKDVWDTXHDTXpOQRVREUHVDOJD\DSRUOD 
SDUWHSRVWHULRUGHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGR


   
Equipamientos adicionales

ÈQJXORGHGHIOH[LyQGHOFDEOH
¡Nota!&RQHOILQGHTXHHOiQJXORGHGHIOH[LyQGHOFDEOH D VHDOR
PiVSHTXHxRSRVLEOHH[WLHQGDSRUFRPSOHWRDOPHQRVXQEUD]RGH
 H[WHQVLyQFXDQGRWUDEDMHFRQHOFDEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOH


2EMHWR
x (OFDEOHVHDUUROODUiPHMRU
x 0HQRUiQJXORGHHQWUDGDHQODVSROHDVGH
FDEOH





¡Precaución!6LHOFDEOHUR]DHQFRPSRQHQWHVGHODJU~DHOFDEOH
 VXIULUiGDxRV(OFDEOHSXHGHURPSHUVH\H[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHPXHUWH
SDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV

(OFDEOHGHEHPRYHUVHOLEUHPHQWHVREUHODVSROHDV\QRGHEHUR]DUHQQLQJ~QSXQWR

(MHPSORVGHGLYHUVRVWLSRVGHRSHUDFLyQFRQFDEUHVWDQWH

 8QVRORUDPDO
 'RVUDPDOHV
 &XDWURUDPDOHV



   
Capítulo 6 Equipamientos adicionales

([WHQGHU\UHWUDHUORVEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQHQODRSHUDFLyQFRQFDEUHVWDQWH



¡Atención!$OH[WHQGHUORVEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQRGHVSOHJDUHOEUD]R
DUWLFXODGRHOFDEOHVHDFRUWD6LHOFDEOHHVWiGHPDVLDGRSRFR
GHVDUUROODGRODSDVWHFDVHUiDSUHWDGDFRQODPi[LPDIXHU]DFRQWUDOD
FDEH]DGHSROHDV
(QHOFDVRGHFDEUHVWDQWHVVLQGLVSRVLWLYRGHVHJXULGDG
 (OFDEOHSXHGHURPSHUVHVLHVWiSRFRGHVDUUROODGR(QWRQFHVH[LVWLUi
SHOLJURGHPXHUWHSRUFDtGDGHODFDUJD
(QHOFDVRGHFDEUHVWDQWHVGHFDEOHFRQGLVSRVLWLYRGHVHJXULGDG
/RVFRPSRQHQWHVGHOFDEUHVWDQWHHVWiQSURWHJLGRVSHURHQJHQHUDO
KD\TXHHYLWDUHVWDSRVLFLyQGHWUDEDMR


3UHVWHDWHQFLyQDTXHH[LVWDXQDGLVWDQFLD $ VXILFLHQWHHQWUHODFDEH]DGHSROHDV\HOGLVSRVLWLYRGH
VXVSHQVLyQGHFDUJDVGXUDQWHWRGDODRSHUDFLyQFRQHOFDEUHVWDQWH

$



   
Equipamientos adicionales

$UUROODUHOFDEOH



¡Precaución!6LVHWHQVDHOFDEOHFRQODVPDQRVH[LVWLUiJUDYH
 SHOLJURGHDFFLGHQWH
x 1RWHQVHHOFDEOHFRQODVPDQRV
x $ODUUROODUHOFDEOHHQHOWDPERUSUHWpQVHORFROJDQGRGHpOXQSHVR  
x (YLWHODVFRFDV  \TXHHOFDEOHHVWpIORMR  

  

 
6LODVFDSDVGHFDEOHLQIHULRUHVQRVHXVDQRVRORUDUDYH]GHVDUUROOHHOFDEOHFDGDKRUDVGH
WUDEDMR\YXpOYDORDDUUROODUEDMRWHQVLyQ



*U~DVLQOLPLWDGRUGHODFDSDFLGDGQRPLQDO


x 1RVREUHFDUJXHHOFDEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOHFRQODIXHU]DGH
HOHYDFLyQGHODJU~D 3t




max. 1t
x 1RVREUHFDUJXHORVFRPSRQHQWHVGHODJU~DHTXLSRV
DX[LOLDUHV EUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQKLGUiXOLFRVH[WHQVLRQHVGH
DFFLRQDPLHQWRPDQXDOHWF FRQODIXHU]DGHHOHYDFLyQGHO
FDEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOH





¡Atención!6LTXHGDQSRFDVYXHOWDVGHFDEOHHQHOWDPERUSXHGH
 VXFHGHUTXHVHVXHOWHHOFDEOHGHVXVXMHFLyQHQHOWDPERUGHFDEOH
(QWRQFHVH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSRUFDtGDGHODFDUJD



x 'HEHQTXHGDUDOPHQRVWUHVYXHOWDVGHFDEOHHQHOWDPERU



   
Capítulo 6 Equipamientos adicionales




&DEUHVWDQWHFRQVHJXURGHSRVLFLyQILQDO
(OVHJXURGHSRVLFLyQILQDOTXHOOHYDPRQWDGRHOFDEUHVWDQWHLPSLGHTXHVHVLJDGHVDUUROODQGRHOFDEOH
FXDQGRVRODPHQWHTXHGHQYXHOWDVHQHOWDPERU
/LPLWDGRUGHFDUJDVGHOFDEUHVWDQWHYpDVH©3DOWURQLFªFDStWXOR



8QDYH]WHUPLQDGDODRSHUDFLyQGHOFDEUHVWDQWH EUD]RGHFDUJDD~QHQSRVLFLyQGHWUDEDMR 


 ¡Precaución!'HVSXpVGHFDGDXQRGHORVSDVRVGHGHVPRQWDMHHV
QHFHVDULRGHVFRQHFWDUODJU~D6LVHLQFXPSOHH[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJUR
GHVXIULUOHVLRQHVHLQFOXVRGHPXHUWH
(VQHFHVDULRGHVPRQWDUORVFRPSRQHQWHVGHOFDEUHVWDQWH
x %DMHHOEUD]RGHFDUJD SDUDUHDOL]DUORVVLJXLHQWHVWUDEDMRV 
x 'HVERELQHXQDORQJLWXGGHFDEOHVXILFLHQWH
x 'HVFRQHFWHODJU~D
x 'HVPRQWHODSDVWHFD\HVWtEHODUHJODPHQWDULDPHQWH
x 'HVSDVHHOFDEOHItMHORDOVRSRUWHGHOFDEOH\DVHJ~UHORFRUUHFWDPHQWH
x &RQHFWHODJU~D
x $WLUDQWHHOFDEOHGHVSDFLR\FRQFXLGDGR
x 'HVFRQHFWHODJU~D
x 'HVPRQWHORVFRPSRQHQWHVGHOFDEUHVWDQWH FDEH]DGHSROHDVSROHDVGHUHHQYtRHWF \
HVWtEHORVFRUUHFWDPHQWH
1RHVQHFHVDULRGHVPRQWDUORVFRPSRQHQWHVGHOFDEUHVWDQWH


x $UUROOHHOFDEOHGHVSDFLR\FXLGDGRVDPHQWHFRQHOFDEUHVWDQWH

 ¡Precaución!6LORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~DQRVHHIHFW~DQ
GHVSDFLR\FRQFXLGDGRH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHDFFLGHQWHSRUODSDVWHFD
x 3RQJDODJU~DHQSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWH YpDVH©7HUPLQDUODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHJU~DªFDStWXOR 
0LHQWUDVVHSRQHODJU~DHQODSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWHSUHVWHDWHQFLyQDTXHKD\DXQDGLVWDQFLD
VXILFLHQWHHQWUHODFDEH]DGHSROHDV\HOGLVSRVLWLYRGHVXVSHQVLyQGHFDUJDV
x $UUROOHHOFDEOHFRQHOFDEUHVWDQWHGHVSDFLR\FRQFXLGDGRKDVWDTXHODSDVWHFDHVWpWLUDQWHHQOD
FDEH]DGHSROHDV QRSHUPLWLGRFRPRSRVLFLyQGHWUDEDMR 



&DEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOH3RZHU/LQN
&DEUHVWDQWH GH FDEOH 3RZHU /LQN DEDWLEOH  YpDVH HO PDQXDO GH LQVWUXFFLRQHV GHO ž VLVWHPD
DUWLFXODGR





   
Equipamientos adicionales




&XFKDUDELYDOYD
'LVSRVLWLYRHVSHFLDOGHVXVSHQVLyQGHFDUJDV



 ¡Precaución!
(OXVRGHXQGLVSRVLWLYRGHVXVSHQVLyQGHFDUJDVLQDGHFXDGRSDUDOD
FXFKDUDRFDVLRQDTXHVHSURGX]FDQGDxRVHQHODSDUDWR\TXHQR
DVXPDPRVQLQJXQDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGQLJDUDQWtD(VWRSXHGHRFDVLRQDU
ODFDtGDGHODFDUJD(QWRQFHVH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDHO
RSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV

&RQDOJXQRVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHHOHYDFLyQGHODFDUJDHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHVGHEHQXVDUVHGLVSRVLWLYRV
HVSHFLDOHVGHVXVSHQVLyQGHFDUJDVGHODHPSUHVD3$/),1*(53RGUiREWHQHUXQDLQIRUPDFLyQPiV
GHWDOODGDVREUHORVGLVSRVLWLYRVHVSHFLDOHVGHVXVSHQVLyQGHFDUJDV3$/),1*(5HQWRGRVORV
VHUYLFLRVDXWRUL]DGRVSRVYHQWD3$/),1*(5





 ¡Precaución!
1RXWLOLFHODFXFKDUDELYDOYDSDUDDUUDQFDUWLUDUSUHVLRQDUJROSHDU
H[FDYDUHWFpWHUD/DFRQVHFXHQFLDVHUtDQGDxRVHQODJU~DOD
FXFKDUDRHOURWDGRU

8VHODFXFKDUDELYDOYDH[FOXVLYDPHQWHSDUDPRYHUPDWHULDODJUDQHO DUHQDJUDYLOODWLHUUDHWF 
0DQLREUD\PRQWDMHGHODFXFKDUD\GHOURWDGRUYpDVHHOFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV


([WHQVLRQHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWRPHFiQLFR



 ¡Atención!
6LVHVREUHFDUJDQODVH[WHQVLRQHVFRQODIXHU]DGHHOHYDFLyQGHOD
JU~DODFDUJDSXHGHFDHUVH(QWRQFHVH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUD
HORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV

'HVSXpVGHH[WHQGHUODH[WHQVLyQOHDHQDPERVODGRVODFDUJDPi[LPDGHXWLOL]DFLyQ/DFDUJD
Pi[LPDGHXWLOL]DFLyQWDPELpQHVWiDQRWDGDHQODSODFDGHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODH[WHQVLyQ(VWDQRVH
GHEHVREUHSDVDUQLFXDQGRODH[WHQVLyQHVWpWRWDOPHQWHLQWURGXFLGD\DVHJXUDGD


¡Nota!
 /DVFDUJDVTXHVREUHSDVHQODFDUJDPi[LPDGHXWLOL]DFLyQGHODV
H[WHQVLRQHVVHGHEHQVXMHWDUDO~OWLPREUD]RGHH[WHQVLyQKLGUiXOLFR

;;;;.* ;;;.*

(OLQVWDODGRUGHEHDQRWDUHQDPERVODGRVODFDSDFLGDGGHHOHYDFLyQPi[LPDGHODVH[WHQVLRQHV6L
IDOWDGLFKDLQGLFDFLyQSyQJDVHHQFRQWDFWRFRQHOVHUYLFLRSRVYHQWDDXWRUL]DGRGH3$/),1*(5


   
Capítulo 6 Equipamientos adicionales




6DFDUPHWHUODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWRPHFiQLFR


 ¡Atención!
$VHJXUHVLHPSUHGHELGDPHQWHODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWR
PHFiQLFR1RDVHJXUDUODVH[WHQVLRQHVRKDFHUORGHXQPRGR
LQVXILFLHQWHHVQHJOLJHQFLDJUDYH([LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH

$VHJXUHGHELGDPHQWHODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWRPHFiQLFRVDFDGDVPHWLGDVFRQSHUQRV\
SDVDGRUHV3$/),1*(5RULJLQDOHV






 ¡Atención!
/DSHUVRQDTXHVHHQFXHQWUHGHODQWHGHOEUD]RGHODJU~DDOVDFDUODV
H[WHQVLRQHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWRPHFiQLFRVHHQFXHQWUDHQJUDYH
SHOLJURGHPXHUWH

$OVDFDULQWURGXFLUODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWRPHFiQLFRHORSHUDGRUGHEHHQFRQWUDUVHDXQ
ODGRMXQWRDOEUD]RGHFDUJD

 
x $VHJ~UHVHGHTXHWRGDVODVH[WHQVLRQHVHVWiQDVHJXUDGDVPHGLDQWHSHUQR
x &RORTXHHOEUD]RGHFDUJDHQODSRVLFLyQGHSUHSDUDFLyQ
x 'HVFRQHFWHODJU~D
x 4XLWHHOSDVDGRUGHOSHUQRGHDVHJXUDPLHQWRH[WUDLJDHOSHUQRGHDVHJXUDPLHQWR
x ([WUDLJDODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWRPHFiQLFRKDVWDODSRVLFLyQHQTXHSXHGDQLQVHUWDUVH

ORVSHUQRVGHDVHJXUDPLHQWR
x 9XHOYDDLQVHUWDUHOSHUQRGHDVHJXUDPLHQWR\DVHJ~UHORFRQHOSDVDGRU
x &RQHFWHODJU~D






   
Equipamientos adicionales




/LPLWDGRUGHODFDSDFLGDGQRPLQDOSDUDH[WHQVLRQHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWRPHFiQLFR
(QOD8(\HQGHWHUPLQDGRVSDtVHVHOXVRGHH[WHQVLRQHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWRPHFiQLFRVRODPHQWHHVWi
SHUPLWLGRFRQOLPLWDGRUGHODFDSDFLGDGQRPLQDO3DUDHOORVHPRQWDXQDXQLGDGVHQVRUDHQHO
GLVSRVLWLYRGHVXVSHQVLyQGHFDUJDVGHODH[WHQVLyQ




 ¡Atención!
6REUHFDUJDUODXQLGDGVHQVRUDFRQGXFHDVXURWXUD\FRQHOORDOD
FDtGDGHODFDUJD(QWRQFHVH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDHO
RSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV

1RXWLOLFHODXQLGDGVHQVRUDHQORVHOHPHQWRVGHH[WHQVLyQKLGUiXOLFRV


&DUJDPi[LPDNJ


0RGRVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRDMXVWDEOHVHQHOVHOHFWRUGHPRGR



 ¡Precaución!
6LODSRVLFLyQGHOVHOHFWRUGHPRGRQRFRLQFLGHFRQHOHTXLSDPLHQWR
PRPHQWiQHRODH[WHQVLyQRODXQLGDGVHQVRUDSXHGHVXIULU
VREUHFDUJD/DFDUJDSXHGHFDHUVH(QWRQFHVH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGH
PXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV

8WLOLFHODXQLGDGVHQVRUD~QLFDPHQWHHQODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWRPHFiQLFRFRUUHFWDV\GH
DFXHUGRFRQHOPRGRGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRVHOHFFLRQDGR
([WHQVLyQH[WHQVLRQHV *DQFKRGHFDUJD 8QLGDGVHQVRUD 6HOHFWRUGHPRGR

(QHO~OWLPREUD]RGH 
H[WHQVLyQKLGUiXOLFR 
 
7RGDVLQWURGXFLGDV 1RGHEHXWLOL]DUVH

 

 

3ULPHUDH[WHQVLyQ
1RGHEHXWLOL]DUVH
H[WUDtGD
 

 

$PEDVH[WHQVLRQHV
1RGHEHXWLOL]DUVH
H[WUDtGDV
 



   
Capítulo 6 Equipamientos adicionales

0RQWDUODXQLGDGVHQVRUD
x 'HVFRQHFWHODJU~D
x 'HVPRQWHHOJDQFKRGHFDUJD
x 0RQWHODXQLGDGVHQVRUDHQODH[WHQVLyQFRUUHFWD
x (QFKXIHHOFDEOHGHFRQH[LyQ
x $MXVWHHOVHOHFWRUGHPRGRDOQ~PHURGHH[WHQVLRQHVH[WUDtGDV
x &RQHFWHODJU~D
'HVPRQWDUODXQLGDGVHQVRUD
x 'HVFRQHFWHODJU~D
x 3RQJDHOVHOHFWRUGHPRGRD
x 'HVHQFKXIHHOFDEOHGHFRQH[LyQ
x 'HVPRQWHODXQLGDGVHQVRUDGHODH[WHQVLyQ\JXiUGHOD
x 0RQWHHOJDQFKRGHFDUJDHQHO~OWLPREUD]RGHH[WHQVLyQKLGUiXOLFR
x &RQHFWHODJU~D



(TXLSRVDGLFLRQDOHVGHODJU~D
0DQGRDGLVWDQFLDSRUUDGLRIUHFXHQFLD
9pDVHHOPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVGHOPDQGRDGLVWDQFLDSRUUDGLRIUHFXHQFLD


(VWDELOL]DGRUDGLFLRQDO
/DJU~DHVWiSUHSDUDGDHQFXDQWRDOVLVWHPDKLGUiXOLFRSDUDXQHVWDELOL]DGRUDGLFLRQDO RSFLyQ 






   
Equipamientos adicionales




3XHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGRDVLHQGRHOHYDGR


 ¡Precaución!1RVHOHYDQWHGHODVLHQWRHOHYDGRGXUDQWHHO
IXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODSDUDWR(QFDVRFRQWUDULRSXHGHSURGXFLUVHOD
FDtGDGHDOWXUDGHORSHUDGRU6LH[LVWHXQVLVWHPDVXSHUYLVRUGH
RFXSDFLyQGHODVLHQWRHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRVHGHWLHQHDEUXSWDPHQWHDO
OHYDQWDUVHGHODVLHQWR


 ¡Atención!6LVHXVDHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGRDVLHQWRHOHYDGR
SDUD
x WUDEDMRVVREUHODFDELQDGHOYHKtFXOR
x WUDEDMRVUHSDUDFLRQHVRPDQLSXODFLRQHVHQODJU~D
H[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHDSODVWDPLHQWR
x (OSXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGRDVLHQWRHOHYDGRVRODPHQWHHVWiSHUPLWLGRXWLOL]DUORVSDUDHIHFWXDU

WUDEDMRVHQOD]RQDGHODVXSHUILFLHGHFDUJD

 ¡Atención!6LDOVXELUDOSXHVWRGHPDQGRRDODEDQGRQDUORVH
DFFLRQDDOJ~QHOHPHQWRGHPDQGRH[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH
x 1RDFFLRQHQLQJ~QHOHPHQWRGHPDQGRDOVXELUREDMDU
x 0DQWHQJDORVDVLGHURV\ODVKXHOODVOLEUHVGHVXFLHGDGDFHLWHKLHOR\QLHYH HQFDVRQHFHVDULR
KDEUiTXHOLPSLDUORVDQWHVGHXWLOL]DUORV 
x 'HVSXpVGHHQWUDUHQHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGRDVLHQWRHOHYDGRGHEHQXVDUVH


UHJODPHQWDULDPHQWHORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHSURWHFFLyQFRQWUDFDtGDVSUHVHQWHV

¡Nota!'HEHHVWDUJDUDQWL]DGRPHGLDQWHPHGLRVDX[LOLDUHVGH
 DFFHVRHOSRGHUVXELUDOSXHVWRGHPDQGR\DEDQGRQDUORVLQSHOLJUR
FDUURFHURLQVWDODGRU 

$FFHGDDOSXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGRDVLHQWRHOHYDGRRDEDQGyQHORH[FOXVLYDPHQWHXWLOL]DQGRORV
GLVSRVLWLYRVSUHYLVWRVSDUDHOOR HVFDOHULOODVGHDFFHVRJXDUGDFXHUSRVWHOHVFySLFRVSDVDPDQRV
HWFpWHUD 




¡Nota!'HEHUiQUHVSHWDUVHODVGLVWDQFLDVPtQLPDVQHFHVDULDV YpDVH
 HOFDStWXOR©([LJHQFLDVGHVHJXULGDG\VDOXGSHOLJURGH
DSODVWDPLHQWRª 




¡Nota!&XDQGRVHWUDEDMHGHVGHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGR
 DVLHQWRHOHYDGRHQWUHHORSHUDGRU\ODFDUJDGHEHUiH[LVWLUXQD
GLVWDQFLDGHJXDUGDVXILFLHQWH3DUDWUDEDMDUVLQSHOLJURGHEHUi
UHVSHWDUVHXQDGLVWDQFLDGHVHJXULGDGVXILFLHQWHSDUDXQDSRVLEOH
RVFLODFLyQGHODFDUJD\SDUDORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHOEUD]RGHODJU~D


 ¡Atención!6LQRVHUHVSHWDQODVGLVWDQFLDVPtQLPDV\GHVHJXULGDG
H[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV


 ¡Precaución!$QWHVGHSOHJDUODJU~DEDMHHOGLVSRVLWLYRGH
SURWHFFLyQFRQWUDFDtGDV JXDUGDFXHUSRWHOHVFySLFR 'HQRKDFHUOR
DVtH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHTXHVHSURGX]FDQGDxRV


   
Capítulo 6 Equipamientos adicionales


&RPSRQHQWHVGHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGR



&ROXPQDGHPDQGRSDUDHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGR
2ULHQWDEOHODWHUDOPHQWH

%DQGHMDGHOPDQGRSRUUDGLR
6RSRUWHSDUDHOPDQGRDGLVWDQFLDSRUUDGLRIUHFXHQFLDRULHQWDEOHODWHUDOPHQWH


   
Equipamientos adicionales


'LVSRVLWLYRDQWLFDtGDV
([WHQVLyQGHOGLVSRVLWLYRDQWLFDtGDV7LUDUKDFLDDUULEDKDVWDTXHTXHGHUHWHQLGR


 ¡Atención!6LQRVHH[WUDHSRUFRPSOHWRHOGLVSRVLWLYRDQWLFDtGDV
HVWHSXHGHYROYHUDUHWURFHGHU(QWRQFHVH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHFDtGDGH
DOWXUD\GHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV


'HVEORTXHRGLVSRVLWLYRDQWLFDtGDV
5HWUDFFLyQGHOGLVSRVLWLYRDQWLFDtGDV3UHVLRQHKDFLDDUULEDHOEORTXHRVLWXDGRHQHOODGRLQIHULRU\
GHVOLFHHOGLVSRVLWLYRDQWLFDtGDVWRWDOPHQWHKDFLDDEDMRGHVGHHOERUGHVXSHULRU1RLQWURGX]FDQXQFD
ODVPDQRVHQWUHODVULRVWUDVWUDQVYHUVDOHVGHOGLVSRVLWLYRDQWLFDtGDV


 ¡Precaución!6LDOPHWHUHOGLVSRVLWLYRDQWLFDtGDVHORSHUDGRUWLHQH
VXVGHGRVHQWUHODVULRVWUDVWUDQVYHUVDOHVH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHTXHVH
ORVDSODVWH


0HGLRDX[LOLDUGHVXELGD
6HSXHGHDGTXLULUFRPRRSFLyQ

6HQVRUGHGLVWDQFLDOiPSDUDVSLORWR
6LUYHSDUDODVHJXULGDGGHORSHUDGRUFRQWUDSHOLJURVGHDSODVWDPLHQWR



$ VHQVRUGHGLVWDQFLD  OiPSDUDSLORWRYHUGH
% ]RQDGHGHWHFFLyQGHO GLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDGDFWLYDGRV
VHQVRUGHGLVWDQFLD  OiPSDUDSLORWRURMDGLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDG
& ]RQDFLHJDGHOVHQVRUGHGLVWDQFLD ! GHVDFWLYDGRV
GLVWDQFLDPtQLPDGHORSHUDGRUDO
VHQVRUGHGLVWDQFLD FP


   
Capítulo 6 Equipamientos adicionales

x 1LQJ~QRSHUDGRUHQHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGR/DOiPSDUDSLORWRURMRHPLWHOX]
/DOLPLWDFLyQGHOiQJXORGHRULHQWDFLyQ\HOFRQWUROGHOEUD]RSULQFLSDOHVWiQGHVDFWLYDGRV
x 2SHUDGRUHQOD]RQDGHGHWHFFLyQGHOVHQVRUGHGLVWDQFLD/DOiPSDUDSLORWRYHUGHHPLWHOX]/D
OLPLWDFLyQGHOiQJXORGHRULHQWDFLyQ\HOFRQWUROGHOEUD]RSULQFLSDOHVWiQDFWLYDGRV
x /D]RQDGHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGRHVWiSURWHJLGDSRUORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDG(VSRVLEOH

PDQHMDUODJU~DGHVGHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGR
¡Indicación!(OPDQHMRGHODJU~DGHVGHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGR
 HOHYDGRVRODPHQWHHVWiSHUPLWLGRVLHVWiLOXPLQDGDODOiPSDUDSLORWR
YHUGH
6DOLUGHOD]RQDGHGHWHFFLyQHQHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGR
x (ORSHUDGRUHVWiIXHUDSRUGHIHFWRRSRUH[FHVRGHOD]RQDGHGHWHFFLyQGHOVHQVRUGHGLVWDQFLD
/RVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDGVHGHVDFWLYDQ
x /DOiPSDUDSLORWRURMDHPLWHOX]LQWHUUXPSDHOPDQHMRGHODJU~DGHVGHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGR
HOHYDGR3DUDVHJXLUFRQODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHJU~DGHVGHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGRHORSHUDGRU
GHEHUiGHEHHQFRQWUDUVHHQOD]RQDGHGHWHFFLyQGHOVHQVRUGHGLVWDQFLD
x &RPSUXHEHVLODOiPSDUDSLORWRHVWiLOXPLQDGD£6LQRHVDVtDEDQGRQHVLQIDOWDHOSXHVWRGH

PDQGRHOHYDGR£$FXGDDOVHUYLFLRDXWRUL]DGRSRVWYHQWD3$/),1*(5

 ¡Atención!6LVHFRQWLQXDFRQODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHJU~DGHVGHHO
SXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGRSHVHDTXHODOiPSDUDSLORWRURMDHVWi
LOXPLQDGDH[LVWHSHOLJURGHDSODVWDPLHQWR\GHPXHUWHSDUDHO
RSHUDGRU\WHUFHUDVSHUVRQDV


3HGDOSDUDRULHQWDUODFROXPQDGHPDQGR
3HUPLWHJLUDUODFROXPQDGHPDQGRSDUDFRORFDUODHQXQDSRVLFLyQGHWUDEDMRySWLPD$OKDFHUORQR
WRTXHQLQJ~QHOHPHQWRGHPDQGR


¡Indicación!'XUDQWHODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHJU~DRHOWUDQVSRUWHOD
 FROXPQDGHPDQGRGHEHHVWDUILMDGD


0XHVFDVGHDMXVWHSDUDODFROXPQDGHPDQGR
6LVHSOLHJDODJU~DDODQFKRGHOYHKtFXORODFROXPQDGHPDQGRVHGHEHUiJLUDUGHPRGRTXHODV
PXHVFDVGHDMXVWHFRLQFLGDQXQDVVREUHODVRWUDV


   
Equipamientos adicionales

7RUQLOORGHDSULHWHSDUDJLUDUDXQODGRODEDQGHMDGHOPDQGRSRUUDGLR
*LURODWHUDOGHODEDQGHMDGHOPDQGRSRUUDGLR
x $IORMHOLJHUDPHQWHHOWRUQLOORGHDSULHWH D 
x /HYDQWHODEDQGHMDGHOPDQGRSRUUDGLR E SRU
HQFLPDGHOSHUQRGHVHJXULGDG
x *LUHODEDQGHMDGHOPDQGRSRUUDGLRKDVWDOD
SRVLFLyQTXHGHVHH\GHMHTXHTXHGHUHWHQLGDHQ
HOSHUQRGHVHJXULGDG
 x )LMHODEDQGHMDGHOPDQGRSRUUDGLRPHGLDQWHHO
WRUQLOORGHDSULHWH D 

¡Indicación!'XUDQWHODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHJU~DRHOWUDQVSRUWHOD
 EDQGHMDGHOPDQGRSRUUDGLRGHEHHVWDUILMDGD


'LVSRVLWLYRDQWLFDtGDV]RQDGHORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV
(QFDVRGHJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVSLYRWDQWHVTXHVHSXHGHQPRYHUKDFLDGHQWUR

(VWULERDUWLFXODGR
3XHGHPRYHUVHKDFLDDUULEDVLORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVVRQSLYRWDQWHV



žVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR
9pDVHHOPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVGHOžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR



&HVWDGHSHUVRQDO
9pDQVHODVLQVWUXFFLRQHVGHXVRGHODFHVWDGHSHUVRQDO


¡Nota!
 &RQHOILQGHHYLWDUTXHVHGHVFRQHFWHODWRPDGHIXHU]DFXDQGRHVWi
IXQFLRQDQGRODFHVWDGHSHUVRQDOHVLPSUHVFLQGLEOHTXHHVWp
DFWLYDGDODIXQFLyQGHDXPHQWRDXWRPiWLFRGHODYHORFLGDGGH
UpJLPHQRKDFHUTXHHOPRWRUIXQFLRQHDXQUpJLPHQPiVDOWR




¡Nota!
 (OPDQGRIXQFLRQDGHPDQHUDLQDOiPEULFDWDPELpQDXQTXHOD
FRQVRODWUDQVPLVRUDHVWpFRQHFWDGDHQODFHVWDGHSHUVRQDO




   
Capítulo 7

&$3Ë78/2

3UHSDUDUHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGH
ODJU~D

En este capítulo
8VRSUHYLVWROtPLWHVGHODPiTXLQD
3UHVWHDWHQFLyQDGHILFLHQFLDVDQWHV\GXUDQWHHO
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR
=RQDGHWUDEDMR
3XHVWDHQPDUFKDGHODJU~D
(VWDELOL]DUHOYHKtFXOR
([WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU
*DWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV
,QFOLQDFLyQGHOYHKtFXOR
&RORFDUHOEUD]RGHFDUJDHQODSRVLFLyQGHWUDEDMR
&RQWUROGLDULRGHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGH
VHJXULGDG




   
Capítulo 7 Preparar el funcionamiento de la grúa

8VRSUHYLVWROtPLWHVGHODPiTXLQD


 ¡Atención!
/DXWLOL]DFLyQLQFRUUHFWDHVFDXVDGHSHOLJURVSDUDODVSHUVRQDV\GH
GDxRVHQODJU~DDVtFRPRGHODSpUGLGDGHODJDUDQWtDOHJDO\
FRPHUFLDO\GHODH[WLQFLyQGHODUHVSRQVDELOLGDGGHOIDEULFDQWH

/DJU~DVHSXHGHXWLOL]DUHQHOPDUJHQGHFDUJDFRQIRUPHDOGLDJUDPDGHODFDSDFLGDGQRPLQDOSDUD
HOHYDUWUDQVSRUWDUVRVWHQHU\GHSRVLWDUFDUJDV
(VWiSHUPLWLGR
x &DUJDUGHVFDUJDUHOYHKtFXORSURSLRXRWURYHKtFXOR
x (OHYDU\PRYHUFDUJDVDJUDQGHVDOWXUDVGHVGHXQDJUDQDOWXUD
x /HYDQWDU\PRYHUFDUJDVSRUGHEDMRGHOQLYHOGHOVXHOR
x /HYDQWDUFDUJDVDXQDDOWXUDGHWHUPLQDGD\VRVWHQHUDFRQWLQXDFLyQGLFKDFDUJDSDUDWUDEDMRVGH
PRQWDMH FDEULRVYLJDVPHWiOLFDVHWFpWHUD 
x 8VRRFDVLRQDOFRPRFXFKDUDSDUDHOHYDU\PRYHUPDWHULDODJUDQHOVXHOWR DUHQDJXLMDUURV
HWFpWHUD 
&ODVLILFDFLyQGHODJU~DYpDVHOD©'HVFULSFLyQWpFQLFDªHQHOFDStWXOR(VWiSURKLELGRFXDOTXLHUXVR
QRFRQIRUPHDODILQDOLGDGSUHYLVWD
6LHQORVPDQXDOHVGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVGHORVHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHVRHQODVLQVWUXFFLRQHVRSHUDWLYDV
UHGDFWDGDVSRUHOWLWXODUVHSHUPLWHQXWLOL]DFLRQHV H[FDYDUWUDFFLyQHQREOLFXRHWFpWHUD FRQWUDULDVD
ORLQGLFDGRHQHOSUHVHQWHPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVUHJLUiVLHPSUHHOPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVGHOD
JU~D
(VWiSURKLELGR
x HOXVRSDUDRWURVILQHVGLVWLQWRVDORVLQGLFDGRVDQWHULRUPHQWH
x ODXWLOL]DFLyQPDGHUHUD\SDUDFKDWDUUD
x SUHVLRQDUFRQWUDREVWiFXORVRFDUJDV
x WLUDUDUUDQFDUWRGDWUDFFLyQHQREOLFXR
x ODGHVFDUJDEUXVFDGHOEUD]RGHFDUJD
x ODVXMHFLyQGHFDUJDVHQSXQWRVGLVWLQWRVDORVSUHYLVWRVSDUDHOOR
x ORVWUDEDMRVGHH[FDYDFLyQFRQODFXFKDUDELYDOYD YpDVH©&XFKDUDELYDOYDªFDStWXOR(TXLSRV
DX[LOLDUHV 
x WUDQVSRUWDUSHUVRQDV
([FHSFLyQWUDQVSRUWHGHSHUVRQDVHQODFHVWDGHSHUVRQDO3$/),1*(5VRORHQJU~DVHTXLSDGDV
HVSHFLDOPHQWHSDUDHOOR(VREOLJDWRULRUHVSHWDUODVOH\HVODVQRUPDV\ORVUHJODPHQWRV

HVSHFtILFRVGHOSDtV
¡Nota! 
 3XHGHQDGTXLULUVHFHVWDVGHSHUVRQDODGHFXDGDVHQWRGRVORV
VHUYLFLRVDXWRUL]DGRVSRVYHQWDGH3$/),1*(5







   
Preparar el funcionamiento de la grúa




3UHVWHDWHQFLyQDGHILFLHQFLDVDQWHV\GXUDQWHHO
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR


 ¡Atención!2EVHUYHODWRWDOLGDGGHODSDUDWRGXUDQWHVXXWLOL]DFLyQ
HQFXDQWRDGDxRV\IXQFLRQDPLHQWRVDQyPDORV6LGXUDQWHHO
IXQFLRQDPLHQWRVHREVHUYDQDQRPDOtDVHQHOPLVPRRGDxRV\QRVH
VXVSHQGHGHLQPHGLDWRHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRH[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGH
PXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\WHUFHUDVSHUVRQDV

&XDQGRVHGHWHFWHQORVVLJXLHQWHVGDxRVRHVWDGRVGHLQFDSDFLGDGHQHODSDUDWRORVHTXLSRV
DX[LOLDUHVORVGLVSRVLWLYRVDGLFLRQDOHV\HQORVHOHPHQWRVRHQHOYHKtFXORSRUWDGRUQRLQLFLHHO
IXQFLRQDPLHQWRRVXVSpQGDORGHLQPHGLDWR\DFXGDDOVHUYLFLRDXWRUL]DGRSRVWYHQWDGH3$/),1*(5
x /XEULFDFLyQLQVXILFLHQWH
x 'DxRVRJULHWDVHQORVFRPSRQHQWHVFRUGRQHVGHVROGDGXUD
x &RMLQHWHVGHIHFWXRVRV
x 'HIHFWRVHQHOVLVWHPDKLGUiXOLFR IDOWDVGHHVWDQTXLGDGFDOHQWDPLHQWRGHVXVDGDPHQWHDOWR
HWFpWHUD 
x 'HIHFWRVHQORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDG
x 8QLRQHVDWRUQLOODGDVVXHOWDV
x 3HUQRVDVHJXUDGRVGHPDQHUDLQVXILFLHQWH
x 'LVIXQFLRQDPLHQWRVHQHOGHVDUUROORGHODPDQJXHUDHQHOWDPERURHQODEDQGHMD
x 5XLGRVDQyPDORV
x 0RYLPLHQWRVGHWUDEDMRDQRUPDOPHQWHUiSLGRVROHQWRV
x 'HIHFWRVIXQFLRQDOHVHQHOVLVWHPDGHPDQGR
x )DOWDGHVXDYLGDGGHPRYLPLHQWRRGHUHSRVLFLyQDXWRPiWLFDGHORVHOHPHQWRVGHPDQGR
x *XLDGRGHIHFWXRVRGHOFDEOHFDEOHVDOLGRGHODVSROHDVGHUHHQYtRRGHJXtD
x &RPSRQHQWHVGHFDEUHVWDQWHVFRPRSROHDVGHUHHQYtRRGHJXtDGDxDGRV

x &DEOHGDxDGR
1RHVWiSHUPLWLGRYROYHUDSRQHUHQVHUYLFLRHODSDUDWRKDVWDTXHQRVHKD\DQFRUUHJLGRORVGHIHFWRV
REVHUYDGRV\YXHOYDDHVWDUJDUDQWL]DGRXQIXQFLRQDPLHQWRVHJXUR


3XHVWRVGHPDQGRHVFDORQHVSODWDIRUPDV



¡Precaución!6HxDOHVSODFDVHOHPHQWRVGHPDQGRSXHVWRVGH
PDQGRHVFDORQHVSODWDIRUPDVEUD]RVGHFDUJDHWFpWHUDVXFLRV
 FXELHUWRVGHKLHORRGHQLHYHDXPHQWDQHOULHVJRGHDFFLGHQWH*UDYH
SHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV


/RVHOHPHQWRVGHPDQGRSXHVWRVGHPDQGRHVFDORQHVSODWDIRUPDVEUD]RVGHFDUJDHWFpWHUD
WLHQHQTXHHVWDUOLEUHVGHQLHYHKLHOR\VXFLHGDG DFHLWHJUDVDHWFpWHUD /RVVtPERORVGHPDQGRODV
SODFDV\VHxDOHVGHLQGLFDFLyQ\DGYHUWHQFLDWLHQHQTXHVHUUHFRQRFLEOHV(QORVSXHVWRVGHPDQGR
HVFDORQHVSODWDIRUPDVHWFpWHUDQRHVWiSHUPLWLGRTXHVHHQFXHQWUHREMHWRDOJXQR




   
Capítulo 7 Preparar el funcionamiento de la grúa




=RQDGHWUDEDMR



 ¡Atención!
(QWRGDOD]RQDGHWUDEDMRGHODJU~D DOFDQFHGHJLUR\GHEDMRGHOD
FDUJDVXVSHQGLGD H[LVWHJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\
WHUFHUDVSHUVRQDV(VWiSURKLELGRHQWUDUHQOD]RQDGHWUDEDMR
x 7RGRVORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~D\HOOXJDUGHFDUJD\GHVFDUJDGHEHQHQFRQWUDUVHHQHOFDPSR
YLVXDOGHORSHUDGRU6LHOORQRIXHUDSRVLEOHHORSHUDGRUGHEHVHUD\XGDGRSRUXQVHxDOLVWD
FXDOLILFDGR
x 3UHYHDXQHVSDFLROLEUHVXILFLHQWHSDUDODVRSHUDFLRQHVFRQODJU~D\ORVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV/RV
PRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~DQRGHEHQYHUVHREVWDFXOL]DGRVSRUOtQHDVPiVWLOHViUEROHVHGLILFLRVQL
RWURVREMHWRV
x 6HFRQVLGHUD]RQDSHOLJURVDODWRWDOLGDGGHOD]RQDGHWUDEDMRGHODJU~D
x (QOD]RQDGHWUDEDMRQRGHEHQHIHFWXDUVHWUDEDMRVGHRWURWLSR
x /DVFDOOHVFDPLQRVSDUDYHKtFXORVDPRWRUFDUULOHVSDUDELFLFOHWDVFDPLQRVSDUDSHDWRQHV
HWFpWHUDTXHDWUDYLHVHQOD]RQDGHWUDEDMRGHEHQVHUFRUWDGRVDODFLUFXODFLyQGXUDQWHWRGRHO
WLHPSRHQTXHVHHVWpWUDEDMDQGRFRQODJU~D


x (QHOFUHS~VFXORRHQODRVFXULGDGWRGDOD]RQDGHWUDEDMRGHEHHVWDULOXPLQDGDGHPRGRTXHVH

JDUDQWLFHXQWUDEDMRVHJXUR

 ¡Atención!
6HGHEHUiVXVSHQGHUHOWUDEDMRHQVHJXLGDVLODVFRQGLFLRQHVGH
YLVLELOLGDGVRQLQVXILFLHQWHV


   
Preparar el funcionamiento de la grúa




3XHVWDHQPDUFKDGHODJU~D

x (VWDFLRQHHOYHKtFXORORPiVFHUFDSRVLEOHGHOD]RQDGHFDUJD\GHVFDUJD
¡Nota!
 7UDEDMDUFRQHOPHQRUDOFDQFHSRVLEOHDXPHQWDODVHJXULGDGHQHO
WUDEDMR\ODYLGD~WLOGHODJU~D
x 3RQJDHOIUHQRGHHVWDFLRQDPLHQWR
x 'XUDQWHODVRSHUDFLRQHVFRQODJU~DHVQHFHVDULREORTXHDUORVHMHVTXHHVWpQSURYLVWRVGH
VXVSHQVLyQQHXPiWLFD
x &RQHFWHHOJUXSRPRWRERPEDFXDQGRHOUpJLPHQGHOPRWRUVHDHOFRUUHFWR
x /DJU~DVRORVHUiPDQHMDGDSRUXQDSHUVRQD
&RQWHPSHUDWXUDVDPELHQWHLQIHULRUHVDOSXQWRGHFRQJHODFLyQ
x %RPEHHHODFHLWHKLGUiXOLFRXQRVPLQXWRVVLQSUHVLyQ
$GLFLRQDOPHQWHHQFDVRGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRPHGLDQWHPDQGRDGLVWDQFLD
¡Nota!
 6LVHSRQHHOFRQPXWDGRUGHOODYHHQODSRVLFLyQGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
PHGLDQWHPDQGRDGLVWDQFLDFRPLHQ]DDSDUSDGHDUXQDOiPSDUDGH
GHVWHOORVGHDGYHUWHQFLDGHSHOLJURYHUGH YpDVHODLOXVWUDFLyQ &RQ
HOODVHLQGLFDDWHUFHUDVSHUVRQDVTXHODJU~DVHSXHGHSRQHUHQ
PRYLPLHQWRHQFXDOTXLHUPRPHQWR


)XQFLRQDPLHQWRPHGLDQWHPDQGRDGLVWDQFLDYpDVH©3UHSDUDUHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRPHGLDQWHPDQGRD
GLVWDQFLDªFDStWXOR

(VWDELOL]DUHOYHKtFXOR


 ¡Atención!6LQRVHHVWDELOL]DHOYHKtFXORFRUUHFWDPHQWHHVWHSXHGH
YROFDU(VWiSURKLELGRWUDEDMDUVLQXQDHVWDELOL]DFLyQFRUUHFWD([LVWLUi
JUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH

6RODPHQWHXQDYH]TXHHOYHKtFXORHVWpHVWDELOL]DGRFRUUHFWDPHQWHHVWiSHUPLWLGRSRQHUODJU~DHQ
SRVLFLyQGHWUDEDMR


 ¡Atención!6LQRVHH[WLHQGHHOHVWDELOL]DGRUDGLFLRQDOGHXQ
YHKtFXORHVWHSXHGHYROFDU([LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH


   
Capítulo 7 Preparar el funcionamiento de la grúa

6LHOYHKtFXORHVWiHTXLSDGRFRQXQHVWDELOL]DGRUDGLFLRQDOGHEHUiH[WHQGHUVHHVWHWDOFRPRVH
GHVFULEHDFRQWLQXDFLyQ(OYHKtFXORVRORHVHVWDEOHFRQHOHVWDELOL]DGRUWRWDOPHQWHH[WHQGLGR
HVWDELOL]DGRUGHODJU~D\VLH[LVWHHVWDELOL]DGRUDGLFLRQDO 
3UHVWHDWHQFLyQDWRGDVODVLQGLFDFLRQHVGHVHJXULGDGGHOFDStWXOR


&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHOVXHOR
3DUDODQHFHVDULDHVWDELOLGDGFRPSUXHEHODVVLJXLHQWHVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHOVXHOR
x 5HVLVWHQFLD
x (VSDFLRVYDFtRV WDSDVGHFDQDOL]DFLRQHVWXEHUtDVHWFpWHUD 
x 'LVWDQFLDDGHFXDGDDORVERUGHVGHOWHUUHQR
x 3HQGLHQWHGHOWHUUHQRPi[LPDƒHQWRGDVODVGLUHFFLRQHV
$XPHQWH OD VXSHUILFLH GH HVWDELOL]DFLyQ HQ IXQFLyQ GHO VXEVXHOR YpDVH OD WDEOD  R EXVTXH XQD
VXSHUILFLHPiVDGHFXDGDVREUHODTXHDSR\DUORVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV
0D[ƒ



3UHVLyQVREUHHOWHUUHQR
3UHVLyQVREUHHOWHUUHQRSRUORVSODWRVGHDSR\RPi[1FPð SVL 
3UHVLyQDGPLVLEOHVREUHHOWHUUHQR FDSDFLGDGSRUWDQWHGHOVXHOR VHJ~Q',1
1FPðD1FPð 
6XHORWHUUDSOHQDGRVLQFRPSDFWDUDUWLILFLDOPHQWH
SVLDSVL 
$VIDOWR 1FPð SVL 
6XHORQDWXUDOHYLGHQWHPHQWHLQWDFWR
/RGRWXUEDWLHUUDFHQDJRVD 1FPð SVL 
6XHORVQRFRKHVLYRVVXILFLHQWHPHQWHFRQVROLGDGRV
$UHQDILQD\PHGLD 1FPð SVL 
$UHQDJUXHVD\JUDYD 1FPð SVL 
3LHGUDVPDFKDFDGDVFRPSDFWDGDV 1FPð SVL 
6XHORVFRKHVLYRV
3DVWRVRV 1FPð SVL 
%ODQGRV 1FPð SVL 
&RQVLVWHQWHV 1FPð SVL 
6HPLFRPSDFWRV 1FPð SVL 
'XURV FRPSDFWRV  1FPð SVL 
5RFD
$OWHUDGD 1FPð SVL 


   
Preparar el funcionamiento de la grúa

'HWHUPLQDUODVXSHUILFLHGHHVWDELOL]DFLyQQHFHVDULD
)XHU]DGHDSR\R) 1ROEV 
6XSHUILFLHGHHVWDELOL]DFLyQ$>FPðRLQð@
&DSDFLGDGSRUWDQWHGHOVXHOR>1FPðRSVL@

/RVYDORUHVSDUDODIXHU]DGHDSR\RVHLQGLFDQHQHOFDStWXORHQODVKRMDVWpFQLFDV


¡Nota!3XHGHQDGTXLULUVHEDVHVGHDSR\RGHDOWDFDOLGDGHQWRGRV
 ORVVHUYLFLRVDXWRUL]DGRVSRVYHQWDGH3$/),1*(5



3XHVWRGHPDQGRHVWDELOL]DFLyQ
¡Atención!6LHORSHUDGRUQRSXHGHDEDUFDUSRUFRPSOHWRFRQOD
YLVWDOD]RQDGHPRYLPLHQWRGHODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHORVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV
 \GHORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVH[LVWLUiXQDOWRULHVJRGHDFFLGHQWH\
FRQHOORGHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH





$OH[WHQGHUODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU\ORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVHOLMDHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRGH
PRGRTXHSXHGDDEDUFDUFRQODYLVWDVX]RQDGHPRYLPLHQWRFRPSOHWD1RSLHUGDQXQFDGHYLVWDORV
FRPSRQHQWHVGHODJU~DTXHVHHVWpQPRYLHQGRHQFDGDPRPHQWR(QOD]RQDGHPRYLPLHQWRGHODV
H[WHQVLRQHVGHORVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVQRGHEHQHQFRQWUDUVHSHUVRQDVQLREMHWRV
6LHVSRVLEOHPDQHMDUHOHVWDELOL]DGRUGHODJU~DPHGLDQWHHOPDQGRDGLVWDQFLDH[LVWLUiXQSXOVDGRU
GHPDQGR HQDPERVODGRVGHODJU~D HQHOSXHVWRGHPDQGR 'HHVWHPRGRVHLPSLGHHO
TXHVHSXHGDDFFLRQDUODH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUGHOODGRRSXHVWRQRDEDUFDEOHFRQODYLVWD
&RQHOSXOVDGRUGHPDQGRVHOLEHUDODIXQFLyQ©([WHQGHUODH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUªGHHVHODGR
GXUDQWHVHJXQGRV6LHQHVRVVHJXQGRVQRVHKDQH[WHQGLGRODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU
HQWRGDVXDQFKXUDSXHGHUHSHWLUVHHOSURFHGLPLHQWR


¡Atención!6LHORSHUDGRUPDQWLHQHXQDGLVWDQFLDLQVXILFLHQWH
 UHVSHFWRDODH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUHQPRYLPLHQWRH[LVWLUiJUDYH
SHOLJURGHDSODVWDPLHQWR\FRQHOORGHPXHUWH


0DQWHQJDXQDGLVWDQFLDVXILFLHQWHUHVSHFWRDODH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUTXHHVWpHQPRYLPLHQWR
YpDVHHOFDStWXOR©'LVWDQFLDVPtQLPDVQHFHVDULDVª 
/DIXQFLyQ©5HWUDHUH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUª©*DWRHVWDELOL]DGRUDUULEDDEDMRªHVSRVLEOHVLQ
DFFLRQDUHOSXOVDGRUGHFRQILUPDFLyQ


   
Capítulo 7 Preparar el funcionamiento de la grúa

(VWDELOL]DUJHQHUDOLGDGHV
/DVH[WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU\ORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVVHWLHQHQTXHH[WHQGHUH[WUDHU
LQGLYLGXDOPHQWHHQFDGDXQRGHORVODGRV&DPELHGHSXHVWRGHPDQGRDOKDFHUOR


([WUDLJDH[WLHQGDWRGDVODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHORVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVDODDQFKXUDGHHVWDELOL]DFLyQFRPSOHWD
ODPDUFDGHEHVHUYLVLEOH 


6LODJU~DHVWiHTXLSDGDFRQVLVWHPDGHFRQWUROGHODHVWDELOLGDGYpDVH©'LVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDGª
FDStWXOR
1RSRQJDORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVSLYRWDQWHVHQODSRVLFLyQGHDSR\RKDVWDTXHQRKD\DH[WHQGLGR
SRUFRPSOHWRODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU
'HEHUHVSHWDUVHODGLVWDQFLDGHVHJXULGDG




¡Atención!£*UDYHSHOLJURGHDSODVWDPLHQWRHQOD]RQDGHOJDWR
HVWDELOL]DGRUSLYRWDQWH6LHORSHUDGRUXRWUDVSHUVRQDVVHHQFXHQWUDQ
 HQHODOFDQFHGHJLURGHOJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRUH[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGH
PXHUWH




(QHODOFDQFHGHJLURGHOJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRUQRGHEHQHQFRQWUDUVH
QLHORSHUDGRUQLRWUDVSHUVRQDV



¡Atención!£(OHVWDELOL]DGRUGHODJU~DHVWiGLPHQVLRQDGR
 ~QLFDPHQWHSDUDDSOLFDUHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJD1RHOHYHMDPiVHO
YHKtFXOR

([WLHQGDWRGRVORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVKDVWDTXHHVWpQDSR\DGRVILUPHPHQWHFRQWUDHOVXHOR EDVH
GHDSR\R 


   
Preparar el funcionamiento de la grúa

$OUHDOL]DUODHVWDELOL]DFLyQQROHYDQWHHOYHKtFXORGHVXVDPRUWLJXDGRUHV(OORVROLFLWDUtDHQH[FHVRHO
HVWDELOL]DGRU\UHGXFLUtDHOHIHFWRGHIUHQDGR







6LODJU~DHVWiHTXLSDGDFRQXQFRQWUROGHODHVWDELOLGDGRFRQXQVLVWHPD
GHPDQGRDGLVWDQFLDSRUUDGLRIUHFXHQFLDHOFRQPXWDGRUGHOODYHGHEH
HQFRQWUDUVHHQODSRVLFLyQ©0RGRHVWDELOL]DFLyQª H[FHSFLyQHQHOFDVRGH
H[WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUPDQGDGDVSRUUDGLRIUHFXHQFLD  

/DSRVLFLyQGHORVPDQGRVTXHDSDUHFHUHSUHVHQWDGDHVXQHMHPSOR\
SXHGHVHUGLVWLQWDVHJ~QODYHUVLyQGHODJU~D



0DQHMRGHORVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVDWUDYpVGHOPDQGRDGLVWDQFLDSRUUDGLRIUHFXHQFLD
6LODJU~DHVWiHTXLSDGDFRQHVWDELOL]DGRUHVPDQGDGRVSRUUDGLR RSFLyQ 
x 3RQJDHOFRQPXWDGRUGHOODYHGHODJU~DHQ©PRGRPDQGRDGLVWDQFLDª


x (QODFRQVRODWUDQVPLVRUDGHOHTXLSRGHPDQGRDGLVWDQFLDFDPELHDOPRGR(VWDELOL]DGRUHV
5HTXLVLWRWRGDVODVSDODQFDVGHPDQGRGHEHQHQFRQWUDUVHHQSXQWRQHXWUR


¡Nota!1RHVWiSHUPLWLGRSRQHUHOFRQPXWDGRUGHOODYHHQOD
 SRVLFLyQ©0RGRHVWDELOL]DGRUª6LHOFRQPXWDGRUGHOODYHHVWiHQOD
 SRVLFLyQ©0RGRHVWDELOL]DGRUªVRORVHUiSRVLEOHPDQGDUHO
HVWDELOL]DGRUGHIRUPDPDQXDO$WHQFLyQ£PRGRPDQXDOVRORHQ
PRGRGHHPHUJHQFLD YpDVHHOFDStWXOR'LVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDG
VHFFLyQ©0RGRGHPDQGRGHHPHUJHQFLDWUDVHOIDOORGHOVLVWHPDGH
PDQGRDGLVWDQFLDSRUUDGLRIUHFXHQFLDª 






   
Capítulo 7 Preparar el funcionamiento de la grúa




([WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU
([WHQVLEOHVPDQXDOPHQWH
 $EUDODSDODQFDGHUHWHQFLyQ
 *LUHODHPSXxDGXUDFRQILDGRUGHUHVRUWH WDOFRPRDSDUHFHHQHOJUiILFR KDVWDHOWRSH
 ([WUDLJDODH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUSRUFRPSOHWRWLUDQGRGHODHPSXxDGXUDKDVWDTXHHOILDGRU

GHUHVRUWHHQJDWLOOH
 
 



 




 ¡Atención!
6LQRVHEORTXHDODH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUH[WHQGLGDH[LVWLUiXQ
DOWRULHVJRGHDFFLGHQWH\SRUFRQVLJXLHQWHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH

 0RYLHQGRODH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUKDFLDGHQWUR\KDFLDDIXHUDFRPSUXHEHVLHOILDGRUGH
UHVRUWHKDHQJDWLOODGR


([WHQVLEOHVKLGUiXOLFDPHQWH


'HVSOLHJXHSRUFRPSOHWRODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHO
HVWDELOL]DGRU



*U~DFRQJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVSLYRWDQWHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWRKLGUiXOLFR
x $QWHVGHH[WHQGHUODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUDFFLRQHEUHYHPHQWHODIXQFLyQ©5HWUDHUJDWR
HVWDELOL]DGRUªKDVWDTXHHVWHTXHGHGHVEORTXHDGR




   
Preparar el funcionamiento de la grúa




*DWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV
5tJLGRV


([WLHQGDHOJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRUKDVWDTXHHVWp
DSR\DGRILUPHPHQWHFRQWUDHOVXHOR EDVHGH
DSR\R 


 


3LYRWDQWHSRUDFFLRQDPLHQWRKLGUiXOLFR


3RQJDORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVSLYRWDQWHVHQODSRVLFLyQGHDSR\R

 6XMHWHILUPHPHQWHHOJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRU
$EUDODSDODQFDFRQILDGRUGHUHVRUWH

 %DVFXOHHOJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRUFXLGDGRVDPHQWH
KDVWDFRORFDUORHQODSRVLFLyQGHDSR\R


8QDYH]TXHHOJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRUVHHQFXHQWUHHQODSRVLFLyQGHDSR\R
 &LHUUHODSDODQFDFRQILDGRUGHUHVRUWH&RPSUXHEH
TXHHOILDGRUGHUHVRUWHKD\DHQJDWLOODGR


([WLHQGDHOJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRUKDVWDTXHHVWp
DSR\DGRILUPHPHQWHFRQWUDHOVXHOR EDVHGH
DSR\R 








   
Capítulo 7 Preparar el funcionamiento de la grúa




3LYRWDQWHSRUDFFLRQDPLHQWRKLGUiXOLFR


$FFLRQHEUHYHPHQWHODIXQFLyQ©5HWUDHUJDWR
HVWDELOL]DGRUªKDVWDTXHHVWHTXHGH
GHVEORTXHDGR



([WLHQGDSRUFRPSOHWRODVH[WHQVLRQHVKLGUiXOLFDV
GHOHVWDELOL]DGRU



 $EUDHOSHUQRGHUHVRUWHGHOJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRU


&RQODIXQFLyQ©([WHQGHUJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRUª
RULHQWHFXLGDGRVDPHQWHHOJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRU
KDFLDDEDMR



 &LHUUHHOILDGRUGHUHVRUWH&RPSUXHEHTXHHO
ILDGRUGHUHVRUWHKD\DHQJDWLOODGR


([WLHQGDHOJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRUKDVWDTXHHVWp
DSR\DGRILUPHPHQWHFRQWUDHOVXHOR EDVHGH
DSR\R 

 





   
Preparar el funcionamiento de la grúa




,QFOLQDFLyQGHOYHKtFXOR
/RVWUDEDMRVFRQODJU~DQRHVWiQSHUPLWLGRVKDVWDTXHHOYHKtFXORHVWpDSR\DGRVREUHORV
HVWDELOL]DGRUHV\QLYHODGRFRUUHFWDPHQWH
1LYHOGHEXUEXMD
(QWRGDVODVJU~DVVHHQFXHQWUDXQQLYHOGHEXUEXMDHQHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRGHORVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV
%XUEXMDGHDLUHHQHOPHGLRHOYHKtFXORHVWiKRUL]RQWDO
%XUEXMDGHDLUHHQWUHORVGRVFtUFXORVHOYHKtFXORSUHVHQWDXQDLQFOLQDFLyQ
HQWUHƒ\ƒ


7UDEDMRVKDVWDXQDSRVLFLyQGHOEUD]RGHƒFRPRPi[LPR
1LYHOHHOYHKtFXORORPHMRUSRVLEOHSHURFRQXQDLQFOLQDFLyQPi[LPDGHƒ


7UDEDMRVFRQHOEUD]RHQXQDSRVLFLyQVXSHULRUDƒ
(Véase «Posición de trabajo grúa», capítulo 8)
1LYHOHOYHKtFXORH[DFWDPHQWH/DEXUEXMDGHDLUHVHHQFXHQWUDHQHODQLOORLQWHULRU


 ¡Atención!8QDLQFOLQDFLyQGHOYHKtFXORVXSHULRUDƒSURGXFH
GHELGRDODUHGXFFLyQHQODIXQFLyQGHJXtDGHORVSHUILOHVGHOEUD]RGH
H[WHQVLyQXQGHVYtRODWHUDOGHOEUD]RGHFDUJD([LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJUR
GHDFFLGHQWH

/DLQFOLQDFLyQGHOYHKtFXORQRGHEHVREUHSDVDUƒHQQLQJXQDGLUHFFLyQ

 


   
Capítulo 7 Preparar el funcionamiento de la grúa




&RORFDUHOEUD]RGHFDUJDHQODSRVLFLyQGHWUDEDMR
6LODJU~DHVWiHTXLSDGDFRQXQFRQPXWDGRUGHOODYHODOODYHGHEHHQFRQWUDUVHHQODSRVLFLyQ©*U~D
HQPRGRPDQXDOªR©0DQGRDGLVWDQFLDª

 

5HTXLVLWRVSDUDGHVSOHJDUODJU~D


 ¡Atención!6LODVH[WHQVLRQHVPHFiQLFDVGHODSOXPDQRHVWiQ
DVHJXUDGDVFRUUHFWDPHQWHPHGLDQWHSHUQRV\SDVDGRUHVDOGHVSOHJDU
ODJU~DVHGHVOL]DUiQIXHUDGHORVEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQ(QWRQFHV
H[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV
x /DVH[WHQVLRQHVGHODSOXPDHVWiQDVHJXUDGDVPHGLDQWHSHUQRV\SDVDGRUHV
x (OYHKtFXORHVWiDSR\DGRFRUUHFWDPHQWHVREUHORVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV

x (QOD]RQDGHPRYLPLHQWRGHODJU~DQRVHHQFXHQWUDQSHUVRQDVQLREMHWRV

 ¡Atención!(QFDVRGHTXHQRVHUHVSHWHQODVGLVWDQFLDVPtQLPDV
H[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHDSODVWDPLHQWR\FRQHOORJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH
x 7RGRVORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~DGHEHQHQFRQWUDUVHHQHOFDPSRYLVXDOGHORSHUDGRU
(VQHFHVDULRUHVSHWDUWRGDVODVLQGLFDFLRQHVGHVHJXULGDGGHOFDStWXOR



0DQGRGHVGHHOVXHOR

 ¡Atención! 6LVHGHVSOLHJDODJU~DGHVGHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGR
HTXLYRFDGRH[LVWLUiSDUDHORSHUDGRUJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSRUHO
EUD]RGHFDUJD

3RQJDHOEUD]RGHFDUJDHQODSRVLFLyQGHWUDEDMRGHVGHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRVLWXDGRHQHOODGR
RSXHVWRDODSR\RGHOEUD]RGHFDUJD




 ¡Atención!6LVHH[WLHQGHQORVEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQDQWHVGHTXHHO
EUD]RSULQFLSDOVHHQFXHQWUHHQSRVLFLyQLQFOLQDGDH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGH
PXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU


   
Preparar el funcionamiento de la grúa

1RH[WLHQGDORVEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQKDVWDTXHODJU~DHVWpGHVSOHJDGD9pDVH©'HVSOHJDUODJU~Dª





0DQGRDGLVWDQFLDSRUUDGLRIUHFXHQFLD



 ¡Atención!
6LHORSHUDGRUVHHQFXHQWUDHQOD]RQDGHPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~D
H[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH


x (OLMDXQHPSOD]DPLHQWRVLWXDGRIXHUDGHOD]RQDSHOLJURVD


0DQGRGHVGHHODVLHQWRHOHYDGR


&RORTXHHOEUD]RGHFDUJDHQODSRVLFLyQGHWUDEDMRGHVGHHODVLHQWRHOHYDGR



0DQGRGHVGHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGR



 ¡Atención!([LVWHJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSRUEDMDGDRJLURGHO
EUD]RGHFDUJD

3RQJDHOEUD]RGHFDUJDHQODSRVLFLyQGHWUDEDMRGHVGHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRVLWXDGRHQHOVXHORHQHO
ODGRRSXHVWRDOVRSRUWHGHOEUD]R






   
Capítulo 7 Preparar el funcionamiento de la grúa




'HVSOHJDUODJU~D


 ¡Atención!6LQRVHUHVSHWDHORUGHQGHORVSDVRVGHWUDEDMR
H[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDVRSXHGH
TXHHODSDUDWR\ORVFRPSRQHQWHVDGLFLRQDOHVGHOPLVPRVXIUDQ
GDxRV


(VQHFHVDULRUHVSHWDUHORUGHQGHORVSDVRVGHWUDEDMR
3OLHJXHSRUFRPSOHWRHOEUD]R
DUWLFXODGR


5HWUDLJDSRUFRPSOHWRORV
EUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQ


3RQJDHOEUD]RSULQFLSDOHQ
SRVLFLyQHPSLQDGD


'HVSOLHJXHHOEUD]R
DUWLFXODGR

 
x /DJU~DHVWiOLVWDSDUDIXQFLRQDU
'HVSOHJDUJU~DVFRQžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGRYpDVHHOPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVGHOžVLVWHPD
DUWLFXODGR
7UDEDMRVGHSUHSDUDFLyQGHHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHV FDEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOHFXFKDUDHWF YpDVHHOFDStWXOR



   
Preparar el funcionamiento de la grúa




&RQWUROGLDULRGHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGH
VHJXULGDG
(IHFW~HHOFRQWUROGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRVLQFDUJD\FRQORVEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQUHSOHJDGRV


&RQWUROGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODSDUDGDGHHPHUJHQFLD



 ¡Atención!6LODJU~DQRVHSDUDGHVSXpVGHDFFLRQDUHOLQWHUUXSWRU
GHSDUDGDGHHPHUJHQFLDRVLVRQSRVLEOHVRWUDVIXQFLRQHVGHODJU~D
H[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH

7UDEDMDUFRQXQLQWHUUXSWRUGHSDUDGDGHHPHUJHQFLDGHIHFWXRVRHVLPSUXGHQFLDWHPHUDULD1RLQLFLH
ODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHJU~D\DFXGDDXQWDOOHUFRQFHVLRQDULR3$/),1*(5
x $FFLRQHXQDIXQFLyQFXDOTXLHUDGHODJU~D/RVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~DGHEHQIXQFLRQDU
FRUUHFWDPHQWH
x 3XOVHHOLQWHUUXSWRUGHSDUDGDGHHPHUJHQFLDPLHQWUDVTXHODJU~DVHHVWpPRYLHQGR/DJU~D
GHEHSDUDUVH
x $FFLRQHGHQXHYRXQDIXQFLyQFXDOTXLHUDGHODJU~D
/DIXQFLyQGHODJU~DQRGHEHVHUSRVLEOH
x 'HVHQFODYHHOLQWHUUXSWRUGHSDUDGDGHHPHUJHQFLD/RVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~DGHEHQIXQFLRQDU
FRUUHFWDPHQWH
9pDVHWDPELpQ«Interruptores de parada de emergencia», capítulo 5


&RQWUROGHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHO3DOWURQLF



 ¡Atención!6LHOVLVWHPDOLPLWDGRUGHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJDQR
UHDFFLRQDH[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH

+DFHUIXQFLRQDUODJU~DFRQXQVLVWHPDOLPLWDGRUGHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJDGHIHFWXRVRHVQHJOLJHQFLD
JUDYH1RLQLFLHODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHJU~D\DFXGDDXQWDOOHUFRQFHVLRQDULR3$/),1*(5
3DUDUHDOL]DUXQFRQWUROGHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHO3DOWURQLFGHEHVLPXODUVHXQDVLWXDFLyQGH
VREUHFDUJDDUWLILFLDO YpDVHODIXQFLyQ2/3 
x 'HVSODFHHOEUD]RSULQFLSDODYHORFLGDGPHGLDKDVWDHOWRSHILQDO
x 8QDYH]TXHHOEUD]RSULQFLSDOHVWpWRWDOPHQWHVXELGRVLJDDFFLRQDGRODSDODQFDGHPDQGR\
REVHUYHDODYH]HOLQGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJD
(OVLVWHPDGHEHVHxDOL]DUXQD IDOVD VLWXDFLyQGHVREUHFDUJD7RGRVORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~DFRQ
ORVTXHVHSXHGHDXPHQWDUHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJDGHEHQHVWDUEORTXHDGRV
x $FFLRQHHOSXOVDGRU2/3
x %DMHHOEUD]RSULQFLSDO
/DJU~DHVWiOLVWDSDUDIXQFLRQDU





   
Capítulo 7 Preparar el funcionamiento de la grúa




9HULILFDFLyQGHODIXQFLyQGHOVLVWHPD26.

 ¡Atención!6LHOVLVWHPDOLPLWDGRUGHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJDQR
UHDFFLRQDH[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH

+DFHUIXQFLRQDUODJU~DFRQXQVLVWHPDOLPLWDGRUGHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJDGHIHFWXRVRHVQHJOLJHQFLD
JUDYH1RLQLFLHODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHJU~D\DFXGDDXQWDOOHUFRQFHVLRQDULR3$/),1*(5
3DUDUHDOL]DUXQDYHULILFDFLyQGHODIXQFLyQGHOVLVWHPD26.GHEHVLPXODUVHXQDVLWXDFLyQGH
VREUHFDUJDDUWLILFLDO YpDVH©6LVWHPDOLPLWDGRUGHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJD26.ª 
x 'HVSODFHHOEUD]RSULQFLSDODYHORFLGDGPHGLDKDVWDHOWRSHILQDO
/DVSDODQFDVGHPDQRGHWRGDVODVIXQFLRQHVTXHDXPHQWDQHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJDVRQSUHVLRQDGDVD
VXSRVLFLyQQHXWUDO
/RVVLJXLHQWHVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~D\DQRGHEHQVHUSRVLEOHV


%UD]RSULQFLSDO %DMDU

%UD]RDUWLFXODGR %DMDU6XELU
%UD]RGHH[WHQVLyQ ([WHQGHU
x $FFLRQHODIXQFLyQ©5HWUDHUEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQª\
x EDMHHOEUD]RSULQFLSDOKDVWDTXHVHYXHOYDQDGHVEORTXHDUODVSDODQFDV
/DJU~DHVWiOLVWDSDUDIXQFLRQDU


&RQWUROGHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHOVLVWHPDVXSHUYLVRUGHRFXSDFLyQGHODVLHQWR
3DUDFRPSUREDUVLIXQFLRQDHOVLVWHPDVXSHUYLVRUGHRFXSDFLyQGHODVLHQWROHYiQWHVHOLJHUDPHQWHGHO
DVLHQWR KDVWD TXH OD VXSHUILFLH GH DVLHQWR TXHGH GHVFDUJDGD GH SHVR \ DFFLRQH FRQ FXLGDGR OD
SDODQFDGHODJU~D/DJU~DQRGHEHSRQHUVHHQPRYLPLHQWR
6LHVSRVLEOHHIHFWXDUPRYLPLHQWRVFRQODJU~D
1RLQLFLHODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHJU~D$FXGDDXQVHUYLFLRSRVYHQWDDXWRUL]DGRGH3$/),1*(5




   
Capítulo 8

&$3Ë78/2

)XQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODJU~D

En este capítulo
/tPLWHVGHFDUJD
3RVLFLyQGHWUDEDMRJU~D
&DUJDV
7UDEDMDUFRQFDUJDV




   
Capítulo 8 Funcionamiento de la grúa

/tPLWHVGHFDUJD



 ¡Atención!
6REUHSDVDUORVDOFDQFHVODFDSDFLGDGGHHOHYDFLyQRODFDUJDPi[LPD
DGPLVLEOHVSXHGHFDXVDUHOYXHOFRGHOYHKtFXOR\ODURWXUDGH
FRPSRQHQWHVGHODJU~DSRUORTXHHVWiSURKLELGR(QWRQFHVH[LVWLUi
SHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV

3ODFDGHFDSDFLGDGGHHOHYDFLyQ


 &DUJDPi[LPDGHXWLOL]DFLyQGHODJU~D
 1~PHURGHEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQH[WHQGLGRV
 &DUJDPi[LPDGHXWLOL]DFLyQSDUDFDGDDOFDQFH
 1RWDODVFDUJDVPi[LPDVGHXWLOL]DFLyQUHSUHVHQWDGDVORVRQ~QLFDPHQWHFRQODJU~DWRWDOPHQWH
DSR\DGDVREUHVXVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV
 3RVLFLyQySWLPDGHOEUD]RSULQFLSDO
 $OFDQFHOLPLWDGRSDUDODFDUJDPi[LPDGHXWLOL]DFLyQLQGLFDGD
'LDJUDPDGHODFDSDFLGDGQRPLQDOYpDVH©'HVFULSFLyQWpFQLFDªFDStWXOR
(QHOFDVRGHTXHH[LVWDQOH\HV\UHJODPHQWRVHVSHFtILFRVGHOSDtVHOLQVWDODGRUGHEHUiDGMXQWDU
GLDJUDPDVGHODFDSDFLGDGQRPLQDOSDUDPiUJHQHVGHFDUJDDGLFLRQDOHV FRQWUROGHODHVWDELOLGDG HQ
HOFDStWXOR





   
Funcionamiento de la grúa




3RVLFLyQGHWUDEDMRJU~D
/DFDSDFLGDGGHFDUJDHOGHVJDVWH\ODYLGD~WLOGHXQDJU~DWDPELpQGHSHQGHQGHODSRVLFLyQGH
WUDEDMR
3RUSRVLFLRQHVGHWUDEDMRGHVIDYRUDEOHV
x 6HSURGXFHXQDVROLFLWDFLyQ\XQGHVJDVWHPD\RUHVGHORVFRMLQHWHVXQLRQHVDUWLFXODGDV\
FRPSRQHQWHVGHODJU~D
x 1RVHDOFDQ]DODFDSDFLGDGGHFDUJDPi[LPD
x $XPHQWDHOGHVJDVWH
(QWRGRVORVWUDEDMRVODJU~DGHEHHQFRQWUDUVHHQXQDSRVLFLyQGHWUDEDMRySWLPD




=RQDGHWUDEDMR
=RQDGHWUDEDMRySWLPD

XX°


;;ƒ iQJXORySWLPRGHOEUD]RSULQFLSDO HQWUH\ƒHQIXQFLyQGHOPRGHORGHODJU~D 
9pDVHHOGLDJUDPDGHODFDSDFLGDGGHFDUJDFRORFDGRHQODJU~D
6HKDEUiDOFDQ]DGRHOiQJXORySWLPRFXDQGRHOFLOLQGURHOHYDGRUHVWpHQSRVLFLyQYHUWLFDOUHVSHFWRDO
EUD]RSULQFLSDORODSDODQFDDFRGDGD HQIXQFLyQGHOPRGHORGHJU~D 
=RQDOtPLWHLQIHULRU



 ¡Atención!(VWiSURKLELGDODSRVLFLyQGHWUDEDMRFRQHOEUD]R
SULQFLSDOHQHOWRSHILQDOLQIHULRU(QHVDSRVLFLyQODJU~DSXHGHVXIULU
VREUHFDUJD\GDxRV(VWRSXHGHSURGXFLUODFDtGDGHODFDUJD
(QWRQFHVH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDV
SHUVRQDV



(YLWHSRVLFLRQHVGHOEUD]RSULQFLSDOSUy[LPDVDOWRSHLQIHULRU6LHOEUD]RSULQFLSDOVH
HQFXHQWUDHQHOWRSHILQDOLQIHULRUHOOLPLWDGRUGHODFDSDFLGDGQRPLQDOHVWDUi
GHVDFWLYDGR5HDOLFHORVWUDEDMRVHQHVD]RQDVLHPSUHFRQHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGR ]RQD
GHWUDEDMRySWLPD 


   
Capítulo 8 Funcionamiento de la grúa

7UDEDMDUHQHODOFDQFHFRUWRFRQFDEUHVWDQWHRFRQGLVSRVLWLYRGHVXVSHQVLyQGH
FDUJDVODUJR
x /HYDQWHODFDUJDFRQORVEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQUHWUDtGRVDOPi[LPRSRVLEOH
x %DMHHOEUD]RGHFDUJDDƒ
x 6LIXHUDQHFHVDULRH[WLHQGDORVEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQKLGUiXOLFRV

   

ƒ

Max.60°


=RQDOtPLWHVXSHULRU
3RVLFLyQGHOEUD]RGHFDUJDHQWUHPiVGHƒ\ƒ
x 6RORHVWiSHUPLWLGRWUDEDMDUFRQSRVLFLRQHVGHOEUD]RGHFDUJDVXSHULRUHVDƒVLODVH[WHQVLRQHV


GHOHVWDELOL]DGRUHVWiQH[WHQGLGDVDOPi[LPR

 ¡Atención!(QFDVRGHTXHODSRVLFLyQGHOEUD]RGHFDUJDWHQJDXQ
iQJXORVXSHULRUDƒ
x 0RYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~DUiSLGRVREUXVFRV
x ODVREUHH[WHQVLyQGHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGRRGHOžVLVWHPD
DUWLFXODGR
SXHGHQFDXVDUXQDPD\RUGHVYLDFLyQGHOEUD]RGHFDUJD ODWHUDOPHQWHR
KDFLDDWUiV 
(VWRSXHGHSURGXFLUODFDtGDGHODFDUJD(QWRQFHVH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGH
PXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV
6LFRQSRVLFLRQHVGHOEUD]RGHFDUJDFRQXQiQJXORVXSHULRUDƒVH
LQFXPSOHQODVFDSDFLGDGHVGHFDUJDORVPiUJHQHVGHFDUJDVHJ~QHO
GLDJUDPDGHFDUJDVH[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH

$PHGLGDTXHDXPHQWDODLQFOLQDFLyQ\ODDOWXUDGHHOHYDFLyQDXPHQWDODGHVYLDFLyQODWHUDOGHOEUD]R
GHFDUJD(OOLPLWDGRUGHODFDSDFLGDGQRPLQDOQRSXHGHPHGLUODGHVYLDFLyQODWHUDO
3RUHOORSUHVWHHVSHFLDODWHQFLyQDTXH
x 6HFXPSODQH[DFWDPHQWHODVFDSDFLGDGHVGHFDUJD\ORVPiUJHQHVGHFDUJDWDOFRPRDSDUHFHQ
UHSUHVHQWDGRVHQHOGLDJUDPDGHFDSDFLGDGHVGHFDUJD
x 1RVHH[WLHQGDQHQH[FHVRHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGRQLHOžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR
x 6RORVHHIHFW~HQPRYLPLHQWRVVXDYHV\XQLIRUPHVFRQODJU~D


   
Funcionamiento de la grúa

3RVLFLyQGHOEUD]RGHFDUJDVXSHULRUDƒ


 ¡Atención!&RQXQDSRVLFLyQGHOEUD]RGHFDUJDVXSHULRUDƒVLVH
H[WLHQGHHQH[FHVRHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGRHOEUD]RGHFDUJDSXHGH
GHVYLDUVHODWHUDOPHQWHRKDFLDDWUiV(VWRSXHGHSURGXFLUODFDtGDGH
ODFDUJD(QWRQFHVH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDV
SHUVRQDV

(VWiSURKLELGRWUDEDMDUFRQFDUJDVHQOD]RQDGHPRYLPLHQWRVXSHULRUDƒ
Véase también «Control de inclinación» y «Control de la geometría», capítulo 5


&DUJDV
$QWHVGHODDFWLYLGDGGHFDUJDGHVFDUJD
x 7HQJDHQFXHQWDODVLQGLFDFLRQHVHVSHFLDOHVSDUDODPDQXWHQFLyQGHODFDUJD\HOXVRGHORV
GLVSRVLWLYRVGHHOHYDFLyQGHODFDUJD HMHPSORSXQWRVGHHQJDQFKHFHQWURGHJUDYHGDGSRVLFLyQ
HWFpWHUD 
x $VHJXUHODFDUJD

 
x (OSHVRGHODFDUJDGHEHVHUFRQRFLGR6LQRH[LVWHQGDWRVVREUHODFDUJDKDEUiTXHFDOFXODUODR
HVWLPDUOD
x $VHJ~UHVHGHTXHODFDUJDSXHGDPRYHUVHOLEUHPHQWH\QRHVWpDQFODGDDGKHULGDSRU
FRQJHODFLyQRVXMHWDGHDOJ~QRWURPRGR
x /LPSLHODVFDUJDVGHQLHYH\KLHORDQWHVGHHOHYDUOD/DVFDUJDVK~PHGDVRFXELHUWDVGHKLHOR
SXHGHQHVFXUULUVH
x /HYDQWHVLHPSUHODVFDUJDVSRUODYHUWLFDOGHVXFHQWURGHJUDYHGDG








   
Capítulo 8 Funcionamiento de la grúa




7UDEDMDUFRQFDUJDV


 ¡Atención!(QOD]RQDGHWUDEDMRGHODJU~DH[LVWHJUDYHSHOLJURGH
PXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV
x 7HQJDHQFXHQWDODVLQGLFDFLRQHVGDGDVHQHOFDStWXOR©=RQDGHWUDEDMRª
x $QWHVGHHIHFWXDUFXDOTXLHUPRYLPLHQWRFRQODJU~DDVHJ~UHVHGHTXHQRVHHQFXHQWUHQLQJXQD
SHUVRQDHQOD]RQDGHWUDEDMR
]RQDSHOLJURVD GHODJU~D
x ,QWHUUXPSDGHLQPHGLDWRFXDOTXLHUPRYLPLHQWRFRQODJU~DVLDOJXQDSHUVRQDHQWUDHQOD]RQDGH
WUDEDMR1RUHDQXGHODVRSHUDFLRQHVFRQODJU~DKDVWDTXHWRGDVODVSHUVRQDVKD\DQDEDQGRQDGR
OD]RQDGHWUDEDMR
7HQJDHQFXHQWDODVGLVSRVLFLRQHVHVSHFtILFDVGHVXSDtVSDUDODRSHUDFLyQGHJU~DFDUJDGRUDVREUH
FDPLyQ
(VQHFHVDULRUHVSHWDUWRGDVODVLQGLFDFLRQHVGHVHJXULGDGGHOFDStWXOR
x (ORSHUDGRUGHEHUiKDEHUHVWDEOHFLGRODVXFHVLyQFRPSOHWDGHRSHUDFLRQHVGHWUDEDMRDQWHVGH
FRPHQ]DUFRQODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHJU~D
x /RVDX[LOLDUHVORVVHxDOLVWDV\ODVSHUVRQDVVLWXDGDVDOUHGHGRUGHEHQHVWDULQIRUPDGRVVREUHHO
GHVDUUROORGHOWUDEDMRLQPLQHQWH
x 7RGRVORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~DODWUD\HFWRULDGHODFDUJDUHVXOWDQWHGHORVPLVPRV\ODFDUJD
PLVPDGHEHQHQFRQWUDUVHHQHOFDPSRYLVXDOGHORSHUDGRU
x 6LHORSHUDGRUQRSXHGHDEDUFDUFRQODYLVWDODWRWDOLGDGGHODWUD\HFWRULDGHODFDUJDRODFDUJD
PLVPDKDEUiTXHWUDEDMDUFRQXQVHxDOLVWD
x 7UDEDMDUFRQXQVHxDOLVWD
x (ORSHUDGRU\HOVHxDOLVWDGHEHQFRQRFHU\XWLOL]DUORVVLJQRVSURSLRVGHORVJUXLVWDV
HVSHFtILFRVGHOSDtV
x &XDQGRH[LVWDXQJUXSRGHSHUVRQDVWUDEDMDQGRDOUHGHGRUGHODJU~DHOVHxDOLVWDGHEHUi
HVWDULGHQWLILFDGRFODUDPHQWH&RPRVHxDOLVWDGHEHUiDFWXDUVLHPSUHXQD~QLFDSHUVRQD
x 'XUDQWHODWRWDOLGDGGHODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHJU~DHORSHUDGRUGHODPLVPDQRGHEHUiOOHYDUDFDER
RWUDVDFWLYLGDGHV SRUHMHPSORWHOHIRQHDUHWFpWHUD 
x (QHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRPHGLDQWHPDQGRDGLVWDQFLDHORSHUDGRUQRGHEHVROWDUGHVXPDQROD
FRQVRODGHPDQGRDGLVWDQFLD
x 3DUDLPSHGLUXQDVREUHFDUJDGHORVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVGXUDQWHODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHFDUJD\GHVFDUJD
SXHGHVHUQHFHVDULRYROYHUDDVHQWDURUHWUDHUORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV(VWRVRODPHQWHHVWi
SHUPLWLGR
x 6LQFDUJD
x &RQORVEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQUHWUDtGRV
x &RQHOEUD]RGHFDUJDGHSXHVWRVREUHODVXSHUILFLHGHFDUJDRHQSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWH


   
Funcionamiento de la grúa

(QJDQFKDUGHVHQJDQFKDUODFDUJD




x 3RQJDHQSRVLFLyQHOEUD]RGHFDUJD'HWHQJDORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~D

 ¡Atención!6LHVHORSHUDGRUGHODJU~DHOTXH
HQJDQFKDGHVHQJDQFKDODFDUJD\QRVHKDGHVFRQHFWDGR
SUHYLDPHQWHODJU~DH[LVWLUi
x
SRUPDQLREUDVQRDXWRUL]DGDVGHODJU~DSRUSDUWHGH
WHUFHURV
x SRUDFFLRQDPLHQWRLQWHPSHVWLYRGHXQPDQGRHQHO
SXHVWRGHPDQGRRHQODFRQVRODWUDQVPLVRUDGHOPDQGR
DGLVWDQFLD
JUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRUGHODJU~D\RWUDVSHUVRQDV

3RUDX[LOLDUHV


x (ODX[LOLDUQRGHEHHQWUDUHQOD]RQDSHOLJURVDGHODJU~DKDVWDTXHORDXWRULFHHORSHUDGRUGH
HVWD
x 'HEHHQJDQFKDURGHVHQJDQFKDUODVFDUJDVVRORFXDQGRODJU~DHVWpWRWDOPHQWHSDUDGD\KD\D
VLGRDXWRUL]DGRDHOORSRUHORSHUDGRU
x (ODX[LOLDUGHEHUiDEDQGRQDUOD]RQDSHOLJURVDXQDYH]HQJDQFKDGDRGHVHQJDQFKDGDODFDUJD
8QDYH]TXHHODX[LOLDUKD\DDEDQGRQDGROD]RQDSHOLJURVDSRGUiQYROYHUVHDHMHFXWDUPRYLPLHQWRV
FRQODJU~D
3RUHORSHUDGRUGHODJU~D
3DUDHQJDQFKDURGHVHQJDQFKDUODFDUJDHORSHUDGRUHQWUDHQOD]RQDSHOLJURVDGHODJU~D
x 'HVFRQHFWHODJU~DHQHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRGHODPLVPDRHQODFRQVRODWUDQVPLVRUDGHOPDQGRD
GLVWDQFLD
x (QJDQFKHRGHVHQJDQFKHODFDUJD
x 6DOJDGHOD]RQDSHOLJURVD
x &RQHFWHODJU~D
(OHYDURPRYHUODFDUJD



 ¡Precaución!6LODFDUJDHOGLVSRVLWLYRGHHOHYDFLyQGHODFDUJDRHO
HTXLSRDX[LOLDUUR]DQFRQHOEUD]RGHFDUJDVXIULUiQGDxRV

/DFDUJDHOGLVSRVLWLYRGHHOHYDFLyQGHODFDUJDRORVHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHVQRGHEHQJROSHDUQLUR]DU
FRQWUDHOEUD]RGHFDUJD'LVWDQFLDPtQLPDHQWUHWRGRVORVFRPSRQHQWHVGHODJU~D\ODFDUJDP


   
Capítulo 8 Funcionamiento de la grúa

 ¡Atención!6LFRQODFDUJDRFRQFRPSRQHQWHVGHODJU~DVH
DFFLRQDQGHPDQHUDQRLQWHQFLRQDOHOHPHQWRVGHPDQGRH[LVWLUi
JUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV

'XUDQWHWRGRHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODJU~DPDQWHQJDXQDGLVWDQFLDVXILFLHQWHHQWUHODFDUJDORV
FRPSRQHQWHVGHODJU~D\ORVHOHPHQWRVGHPDQGR



 ¡Atención!0RYLPLHQWRVEUXVFRVGHODJU~DKDUiQRVFLODUODFDUJD
(VWRSXHGHRFDVLRQDUODFDtGDGHODFDUJD(QWRQFHVH[LVWLUiSHOLJUR
GHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV

5HDOLFHWRGRVORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~DFRQVXDYLGDG
x $JDUUHODVSDODQFDVGHPDQGRGHODVIXQFLRQHVGHODJU~DURGHiQGRODVSRUFRPSOHWR
x 3UHVLRQHGHVSDFLRODSDODQFDGHPDQGRKDVWDTXHODJU~DUHDFFLRQH
x 2EVHUYHHOLQGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJD YpDVH©,QGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJDªFDStWXOR 
x &XDQGRVHDOFDQFHOD]RQDDPDULOODHQHOLQGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJDUHGX]FDODYHORFLGDGGH
WUDEDMR
x /HYDQWHXQSRFRODFDUJDFRPSUXHEHVLHVWiVXMHWDGHIRUPDVHJXUD\VLSHUPDQHFHHQOD

SRVLFLyQSUHYLVWD

 ¡Atención!6LHQODRSHUDFLyQFRQFDEUHVWDQWHQRVHHOHYDQODV
FDUJDVGLUHFWDPHQWHGHVGHGHEDMRGHODFDEH]DGHSROHDV
x/DFDUJDSXHGHRVFLODUGHIRUPDGHVFRQWURODGD
x(OFDEOHODFDEH]DGHSROHDV\ODSROHDSXHGHQVXIULU
GDxRV
x (OFDEOHSXHGHVDOLUVHGHODSROHDGHODFDEH]DGH
SROHDV
x (OFDEOHSXHGHURPSHUVH
/DFDUJDSXHGHFDHUVH([LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDHO
RSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV
x &XDQGRXWLOLFHXQFDEUHVWDQWHSRVLFLRQHODFDEH]DGHSROHDVVLHPSUHVREUHODYHUWLFDOGHOFHQWUR
GHJUDYHGDGGHODFDUJDDHOHYDU


x 0XHYDODFDUJDOHYDQWDGDGHPRGRTXHQRRVFLOH
x 6LODFDUJDHIHFW~DPRYLPLHQWRVGHURWDFLyQRGHRVFLODFLyQ
x 1RHVWiSHUPLWLGRHIHFWXDUPRYLPLHQWRVFRQODJU~DKDVWDTXHODFDUJDQRHVWpHQUHSRVR
x 1LODFDUJDQLHOEUD]RGHFDUJDGHEHQJROSHDUFRQWUDREVWiFXORV
x 6LVHVLJXHSUHVLRQDQGRODSDODQFDGHPDQGRGHVSDFLRSHURFRQWLQXDPHQWHSXHGHDXPHQWDUVH
ODYHORFLGDGGHODIXQFLyQGHODJU~D


   
Funcionamiento de la grúa






 ¡Atención!6LVHHMHFXWDQIXQFLRQHVGHODJU~DDWRGDYHORFLGDG
KDVWDHOWRSH
x
$XPHQWDHOGHVJDVWHGHORVFRPSRQHQWHV\VHDFRUWDOD
YLGD~WLOGHODJU~D
x /DFDUJDSXHGHFDHUVH
(QWRQFHVH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDV
SHUVRQDV



x (VWiSURKLELGRHMHFXWDUIXQFLRQHVGHODJU~D FRQRVLQFDUJD DWRGDYHORFLGDGKDVWDHOWRSH

 ¡Atención!6LVHVXHOWDQGHUHSHQWHODVSDODQFDVGHPDQGRODFDUJD
SXHGHFRPHQ]DUDRVFLODU(VWRSXHGHRFDVLRQDUODFDtGDGHODFDUJD
(QWRQFHVH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDV
SHUVRQDV
x 'HWHQJDORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~DGHVSDFLR\GHIRUPDXQLIRUPH
x (VSRVLEOHDFFLRQDUYDULDVIXQFLRQHVGHODJU~DDOPLVPRWLHPSR


/DYHORFLGDGGHORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~D\DDFFLRQDGRVSXHGHUHGXFLUVHSRUHOOR

 ¡Precaución!6LVHGHWLHQHQXQRRYDULRVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~D\
VHPDQWLHQHXQRODYHORFLGDGGHOPRYLPLHQWRUHVWDQWHSXHGH
DXPHQWDU
x 6LVHDFFLRQDQDOPLVPRWLHPSRYDULDVIXQFLRQHVGHODJU~D PRYLPLHQWRVFRPELQDGRVGHODJU~D
SXHGHQSURGXFLUXQFDPELRHQODWUD\HFWRULDGHODFDUJD UHGX]FDFRQYHQLHQWHPHQWHODYHORFLGDG
GHODVGLYHUVDVIXQFLRQHVGHODJU~D
6LVHSUHVHQWDXQSHOLJURGHIRUPDUHSHQWLQD
,QWHUUXPSDGHLQPHGLDWRWRGRVORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~DVLVXUJHXQSHOLJUR YpDVHWDPELpQ
©Interruptores de desconexión de emergenciaªFDStWXOR 
%DMDUODFDUJD




 ¡Atención!(QJU~DVVLQOLPLWDGRUGHODFDSDFLGDGQRPLQDOODFDUJD
GHVFLHQGHVLQFRQWUROVLVHVREUHSDVDHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJDDGPLVLEOH

9pDVH©,QGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJDªFDStWXOR
$OEDMDUODFDUJDQRDXPHQWHHODOFDQFH


6LDOEDMDUODFDUJDVHDXPHQWDHODOFDQFHSXHGHSURGXFLUVHXQGHVFHQVRLQFRQWURODGRGHODFDUJD
3UHVWHDWHQFLyQDOLQGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJD


   
Capítulo 8 Funcionamiento de la grúa

'HSRVLWDUODFDUJD
x (OOXJDUSDUDGHSRVLWDUODFDUJDGHEHHVWDUOLEUHGHREVWiFXORV
x 1RGHSRVLWHODFDUJDVREUHQLHYHKLHOR
x 1RGHSRVLWHODFDUJDHQORVERUGHVGHOWHUUHQR]RQDVLUUHJXODUHVWDOXGHVDJXMHURV\IRVDV
HWFpWHUD
x 'HSRVLWHODVFDUJDV~QLFDPHQWHVREUHXQVXHORSODQR\ILUPH8WLOLFHXQDEDVHDGHFXDGDVLIXHUD
QHFHVDULR

x $OGHSRVLWDUODFDUJDQRGHEHGHVFDUJDUVHHOEUD]RGHFDUJDEUXVFDPHQWH

 ¡Precaución!6LVHGHVFDUJDEUXVFDPHQWHHOEUD]RGHFDUJDDO
YDFLDUUiSLGDPHQWHPDWHULDODJUDQHO IXQFLRQDPLHQWRFRQFXFKDUD R
DOGHSRVLWDUUiSLGDPHQWHODFDUJDFRQXQFDEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOHHO
EUD]RGHFDUJDVDOWDKDFLDDUULED
'HSRVLWHODFDUJDVLHPSUHOHQWDPHQWH
x $QWHVGHVROWDUHOGLVSRVLWLYRGHHOHYDFLyQGHODFDUJDFRPSUXHEHVLODFDUJDHVWiELHQDSR\DGD\
VXSRVLFLyQHVHVWDEOH
,QWHUUXPSLUODDFWLYLGDGGHFDUJDGHVFDUJD
&XDQGRVHDQHFHVDULRGHMDUODJU~DVLQYLJLODQFLD
x 'HSRVLWHODFDUJD
x (VWLEHHOEUD]RGHFDUJDFRPRHVGHELGR
x 'HVFRQHFWHODJU~D
x $VHJXUHODJU~DFRQWUDVXSXHVWDHQPDUFKDQRDXWRUL]DGD
5HDQXGDUODDFWLYLGDGGHFDUJDGHVFDUJD
x $QWHVGHUHDQXGDUODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHJU~DFRPSUXHEHVLHQWUHWDQWRVHKDPDQLSXODGRGHIRUPD
QRDXWRUL]DGDODJU~D'HEHHVWDUJDUDQWL]DGRHOTXHVHSXHGDVHJXLUWUDEDMDQGRGHIRUPDVHJXUD
6LVHKDPDQLSXODGRODJU~DGHIRUPDQRDXWRUL]DGD
x 9pDVH©3UHSDUDUHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODJU~DªFDStWXOR 'HEHQHMHFXWDUVHWRGRVORVFRQWUROHV
GHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHVFULWRVHQHOFDStWXOR
$GLFLRQDOPHQWHHQHOFDVRGHDSDUDWRVFRQPDQGRDGLVWDQFLD
x $QWHVGHUHDQXGDUODVRSHUDFLRQHVFRQODJU~DFHUFLyUHVHGHTXHODFRQVRODGHPDQGR
WUDQVPLVRUGHOPDQGRDGLVWDQFLD TXHYDDXWLOL]DUHVODFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDODSDUDWR PDUFDGR 





   
Funcionamiento de la grúa




6ROLFLWDFLyQDFDUJDGHOFDEOH


$OPRYHUXQDFDUJDHOFDEOHFRQXQiQJXORDJXGR $ HV
VRPHWLGRDXQPHQRUHVIXHU]RTXHHOFDEOHFRQXQiQJXOR
REWXVR % (OFDEOHVXIUHPHQRV
8QDVROLFLWDFLyQPD\RUGHOFDEOH % ORIDWLJD\FRQGXFHDXQ
GHVJDVWHPiVUiSLGRGHOPLVPR





   
Capítulo 9

&$3Ë78/2

7HUPLQDUODVRSHUDFLRQHVGH
JU~D

En este capítulo
3RQHUODJU~DHQSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWH
5HWUDHUHOHVWDELOL]DGRU
&DGDYH]DQWHVGHLQLFLDUODPDUFKD




   
Capítulo 9 Terminar las operaciones de grúa

3RQHUODJU~DHQSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWH
3UHVWHDWHQFLyQDWRGDVODVLQGLFDFLRQHVGHVHJXULGDGGHOFDStWXOR
5HTXLVLWRVSDUDSOHJDUODJU~D
x /DVH[WHQVLRQHVHVWiQPHWLGDV\DVHJXUDGDVPHGLDQWHSHUQRVHQFKXIDEOHV\SDVDGRUHV
x (QOD]RQDGHPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~DQRVHHQFXHQWUDQSHUVRQDVQLREMHWRV
x $VHJXUHRTXLWH\DVHJXUHORVHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHV9pDVHHOFDStWXOR
x (OEUD]RSULQFLSDOHVWiHQSRVLFLyQHPSLQDGD
7RGRVORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~DGHEHQHQFRQWUDUVHHQHOFDPSRYLVXDOGHORSHUDGRU
0DQLREUD©3RQHUHOEUD]RGHFDUJDHQODSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWHªVLHPSUHHQHOODGRRSXHVWRDOGHO
GHVFDQVRGHOEUD]R



0DQGRGHVGHHOVXHOR



 ¡Atención!6LVHSOLHJDODJU~DGHVGHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGR
HTXLYRFDGRH[LVWLUiSDUDHORSHUDGRUJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSRUHO
EUD]RGHFDUJD

3RQJDODJU~DHQODSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWHGHVGHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRVLWXDGRHQHOODGRRSXHVWRDO
DSR\RGHOEUD]RGHFDUJD



0DQGRGHVGHHODVLHQWRHOHYDGR


3RQJDODJU~DHQSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWHGHVGHHODVLHQWRHOHYDGR


0DQGRGHVGHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGR



 ¡Atención!6LVHSRQHODJU~DHQODSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWHGHVGHHO
SXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGRH[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWHDOEDMDUR
JLUDUHOEUD]RGHFDUJD

3RQJDODJU~DHQODSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWHGHVGHHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRVLWXDGRHQHOODGRRSXHVWRDO
VRSRUWHGHOEUD]RGHFDUJD






   
Terminar las operaciones de grúa




0DQGRDGLVWDQFLDSRUUDGLRIUHFXHQFLD


 ¡Atención!
6LHORSHUDGRUVHHQFXHQWUDHQOD]RQDGHPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~D
H[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH
x (OLMDXQHPSOD]DPLHQWRVLWXDGRIXHUDGHOD]RQDSHOLJURVD




¡Nota!
 3RVLFLyQGHSDUWLGDSDUDSRQHUODJU~DHQODSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWH
EUD]RSULQFLSDOHQSRVLFLyQHPSLQDGDEUD]RDUWLFXODGRKRUL]RQWDO
EUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQUHWUDtGRV


 ¡Atención!
6LQRVHUHVSHWDHORUGHQGHORVSDVRVGHWUDEDMRH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGH
PXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDVRSXHGHTXHHODSDUDWR\ORV
FRPSRQHQWHVDGLFLRQDOHVGHOPLVPRVXIUDQGDxRV


(VQHFHVDULRUHVSHWDUHORUGHQGHORVSDVRVGHWUDEDMR



5HWUDLJDSRUFRPSOHWRORVEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQ

 

3OLHJXHSRUFRPSOHWRHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGR

 

*LUHODJU~DKDVWDTXHFRLQFLGDQODIOHFKDGH
SOHJDGR\ODPDUFDTXHKD\HQODFROXPQDGH
ODJU~D\HQHOEDVWLGRUEDVH SRVLFLyQGH
GHVFDQVR 
 
%DMHHOEUD]RSULQFLSDO(OEUD]RGHFDUJDGHEH
HQFRQWUDUVHHQORVGHVFDQVRVSUHYLVWRVHQOD
EDVHGHODJU~D\HQODFROXPQDGHODJU~D6L
HOEUD]RGHFDUJDQRVHHQFXHQWUDDSR\DGRHQ
 HOGHVFDQVRGHODFROXPQDGHODJU~D
 GHVSOLHJXHOLJHUDPHQWHHOEUD]RDUWLFXODGR

*U~DVFRQžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGRYpDVHHOPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVGHOžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR
*U~DVFRQFDEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOHYpDVH©&DEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOHªFDStWXOR


   
Capítulo 9 Terminar las operaciones de grúa


'HSRVLWDUHOEUD]RGHFDUJDHQODVXSHUILFLHGHFDUJD



 ¡Atención!
6LQRVHDVHJXUDHOEUD]RGHFDUJDSDUDHYLWDUTXHVHGHVSODFH
ODWHUDOPHQWHH[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDWRGRVORVXVXDULRV
GHODYtDS~EOLFD
6LQRVHFRQRFHODDOWXUDWRWDOGHOYHKtFXORRQRVHWLHQHQHQFXHQWD
ODVDOWXUDVGHJiOLERH[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH

$VHJXUHVXILFLHQWHPHQWHHOEUD]RGHFDUJDSDUDLPSHGLUTXHVHGHVSODFHODWHUDOPHQWH


6LVHKDFHGHVFDQVDUHOEUD]RGHFDUJDVREUHODVXSHUILFLHGHFDUJDODDOWXUDWRWDOGHOYHKtFXORSXHGH
PRGLILFDUVH


¡Nota!
 6LODJU~DHVWiHTXLSDGDFRQXQGLVSRVLWLYRDYLVDGRUGHHOHYDFLyQ
REVHUYHODLQGLFDFLyQHQODFDELQDGHOFRQGXFWRU





   
Terminar las operaciones de grúa




5HWUDHUHOHVWDELOL]DGRU


¡Atención!6LHOEUD]RGHFDUJDQRVHHQFXHQWUDHQODSRVLFLyQGH
 WUDQVSRUWHDOUHWUDHUHOVLVWHPDHVWDELOL]DGRUH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHYXHOFR
SDUDHOYHKtFXOR([LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH

1RUHWUDLJDHOHVWDELOL]DGRUKDVWDTXHHOEUD]RGHFDUJDGHODJU~DVHHQFXHQWUHHQODSRVLFLyQGH
WUDQVSRUWH
6LHOYHKtFXORHVWiHTXLSDGRFRQXQHVWDELOL]DGRUDGLFLRQDOWDPELpQGHEHUiUHWUDHUVHHVWH
3UHVWHDWHQFLyQDWRGDVODVLQGLFDFLRQHVGHVHJXULGDGGHOFDStWXOR



¡Atención!6LHORSHUDGRUQRSXHGHDEDUFDUFRQODYLVWDSRU
FRPSOHWROD]RQDGHPRYLPLHQWRGHODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU\
 GHORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVH[LVWLUiXQDOWRULHVJRGHDFFLGHQWH\FRQ
HOORGHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH

3DUDUHWUDHUODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU\ORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVHOLMDHOSXHVWRGHPDQGRGH
PRGRTXHSXHGDDEDUFDUFRQODYLVWDVX]RQDGHPRYLPLHQWRFRPSOHWD1RSLHUGDQXQFDGHYLVWDORV
FRPSRQHQWHVGHODJU~DTXHVHHVWpQPRYLHQGRHQFDGDPRPHQWR(QOD]RQDGHPRYLPLHQWRGHODV
H[WHQVLRQHVGHORVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVQRGHEHQHQFRQWUDUVHSHUVRQDVQLREMHWRV
/DV H[WHQVLRQHV GHO HVWDELOL]DGRU \ ORV JDWRV HVWDELOL]DGRUHV VH WLHQHQ TXH LQWURGXFLUUHWUDHU
LQGLYLGXDOPHQWHHQFDGDXQRGHORVODGRV&DPELHGHSXHVWRGHPDQGRDOKDFHUOR





¡Atención!/RVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV\ODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHO
HVWDELOL]DGRUTXHQRHVWiQWRWDOPHQWHUHWUDtGRV\DVHJXUDGRVLPSOLFDQ
XQDOWRULHVJRGHDFFLGHQWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV
 (VWiSURKLELGRQRDVHJXUDURKDFHUORGHIRUPDLQVXILFLHQWHORVJDWRV
HVWDELOL]DGRUHVRODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU([LVWLUiJUDYH
SHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV

5HWUDLJDORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVVLHPSUHSRUFRPSOHWR
3RQJDKDFLDDUULEDWRGRVORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVSLYRWDQWHVEORTXpHORVGHELGDPHQWH\DVHJ~UHORV


¡Atención! 6LSDUDUHWUDHUODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUQRVH
EORTXHDQORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVSLYRWDQWHVVHSURGXFLUiQ
PRYLPLHQWRVGHJLUR\GHEDVFXODFLyQKDFLDDUULED
x 6LGXUDQWHHOPDQHMRQRVHPDQWLHQHXQDGLVWDQFLDGH
VHJXULGDGVXILFLHQWHUHVSHFWRDOHVWDELOL]DGRU
 x VLHORSHUDGRURWUDVSHUVRQDVXREMHWRVVHHQFXHQWUDQ
HQHODOFDQFHGHJLURGHOJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRU
H[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHVXIULUOHVLRQHV\JUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUD
HORSHUDGRU\RWUDVSHUVRQDV£*UDYHSHOLJURGHDSODVWDPLHQWRHQOD
]RQDGHOJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRUSLYRWDQWH
x /RVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVSLYRWDQWHVGHEHQHVWDUVLQIDOWDEORTXHDGRVGXUDQWHODUHWUDFFLyQGHODV
H[WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU
x 'HEHUHVSHWDUVHODGLVWDQFLDGHVHJXULGDG


   
Capítulo 9 Terminar las operaciones de grúa




(QHODOFDQFHGHJLURGHOJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRUQRGHEHQHQFRQWUDUVH
QLHORSHUDGRUQLRWUDVSHUVRQDV



,QWURGX]FDSRUFRPSOHWRWRGDVODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUPDQXDOHVEORTXpHODV\DVHJ~UHODV
5HWUDLJDSRUFRPSOHWRWRGDVODVH[WHQVLRQHVKLGUiXOLFDVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU






6LODJU~DHVWiHTXLSDGDFRQXQFRQWUROGHODHVWDELOLGDGRFRQXQVLVWHPD
GHPDQGRDGLVWDQFLDSRUUDGLRIUHFXHQFLDHOFRQPXWDGRUGHOODYHGHEH
HQFRQWUDUVHHQODSRVLFLyQ©0RGRHVWDELOL]DFLyQª H[FHSFLyQHQHOFDVRGH
H[WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUPDQGDGDVSRUUDGLRIUHFXHQFLD  

/DSRVLFLyQGHORVPDQGRVTXHDSDUHFHUHSUHVHQWDGDHVXQHMHPSOR\
SXHGHVHUGLVWLQWDVHJ~QODYHUVLyQGHODJU~D






   
Terminar las operaciones de grúa




*DWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV
5tJLGRV


5HWUDLJDHOJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRUSRUFRPSOHWR

 


3LYRWDQWHSRUDFFLRQDPLHQWRKLGUiXOLFR
3RQJDORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVSLYRWDQWHVHQODSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWH
5HWUDLJDHOJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRUSRUFRPSOHWR



 $EUDHOSHUQRGHUHVRUWHGHOJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRU


 *LUHHOJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRUDODSRVLFLyQGH
WUDQVSRUWH


8QDYH]TXHHOJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRUVHHQFXHQWUHHQODSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWH
 &LHUUHHOILDGRUGHUHVRUWH
&RPSUXHEHTXHHOILDGRUGHUHVRUWHKDTXHGDGR
UHWHQLGR







   
Capítulo 9 Terminar las operaciones de grúa




3LYRWDQWHSRUDFFLRQDPLHQWRKLGUiXOLFR


5HWUDLJDORVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVKDVWDTXH
ODVH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUHVWpQ
GHVFDUJDGDV



 $EUDHOSHUQRGHUHVRUWHGHOJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRU


&RQODIXQFLyQ©5HWUDHUJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRUª
JLUHFXLGDGRVDPHQWHHOJDWRHVWDELOL]DGRU
KDFLDDUULED

 

 &LHUUHHOILDGRUGHUHVRUWH\DVHJ~UHVHGHTXH
KDHQJDWLOODGR


(VWLEHGHELGDPHQWHODVEDVHVGHDSR\R







   
Terminar las operaciones de grúa




([WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU
,QWURGXFFLyQPDQXDO
/RVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVGHEHQHVWDUUHWUDtGRVSRUFRPSOHWR\HQFRQWUDUVHHQODSRVLFLyQGH
WUDQVSRUWH



 *LUHODHPSXxDGXUDFRQILDGRUGHUHVRUWH WDOFRPRDSDUHFHHQHOJUiILFR KDVWDHOWRSH


 ,QWURGX]FDODH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUKDVWDHOWRSH(OILDGRUGHUHVRUWHHQJDWLOOD
DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH0RYLHQGRODH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUKDFLDGHQWUR\KDFLDDIXHUDFRPSUXHEH
VLHOILDGRUGHUHVRUWHKDHQJDWLOODGR
 &LHUUHODSDODQFDGHUHWHQFLyQ
 











 ¡Atención!
$TXHOTXHQRLQWURGX]FDSRUFRPSOHWRODH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUR
QRFRPSUXHEHTXHHOVHJXURGHODH[WHQVLyQHVWiGHELGDPHQWH
HQJDWLOODGRDFW~DGHIRUPDSURKLELGD\VHSRQHDVtPLVPR\SRQHD
RWURVHQJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH

 &RPSUXHEHTXHHOVHJXURGHODH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUHVWiEORTXHDGRLQWHQWDQGRPRYHUOD
H[WHQVLyQKDFLDGHQWUR\KDFLDDIXHUD


5HWUDHUKLGUiXOLFDPHQWH


5HWUDLJDWRGDVODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHO
HVWDELOL]DGRUSRUFRPSOHWR





8QDYH]WHUPLQDGRVWRGRVORVPRYLPLHQWRVGHODJU~D
x 'HVFRQHFWHODJU~D
x $VHJXUHODJU~DFRQWUDVXSXHVWDHQPDUFKDQRDXWRUL]DGD
x 3DUHHOPRWRUGHOYHKtFXOR
x 5HWLUHODOODYHGHFRQWDFWR

x &LHUUHFRQOODYHODFDELQDGHOFRQGXFWRU



   
Capítulo 9 Terminar las operaciones de grúa




&DGDYH]DQWHVGHLQLFLDUODPDUFKD




 ¡Atención!
/RVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVTXHQRHVWiQWRWDOPHQWHUHWUDtGRVLPSOLFDQ
XQJUDYHSHOLJURGHPXHUWHSDUDWRGRVORVXVXDULRVGHODYtDS~EOLFD


(VWiSURKLELGRLQLFLDUODPDUFKDVLQHOFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDVHJXUDPLHQWRGHODJU~D\GHOVLVWHPD
HVWDELOL]DGRU




&DGDYH]DQWHVGHLQLFLDUODPDUFKDFRQWUROHVL
x 6HKDPDQLSXODGRODJU~DVLQSHUPLVR
x /RVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV\ODVH[WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRUHVWiQWRWDOPHQWHUHWUDtGRV\
GHELGDPHQWHDVHJXUDGRV
x /DJU~D ERPEDKLGUiXOLFD HVWiGHVFRQHFWDGD
x /DJU~DVHHQFXHQWUDHQSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWHRHQFDVRGHTXHHVWpGHSXHVWDVREUHOD
VXSHUILFLHGHFDUJDHVWiVXILFLHQWHPHQWHDVHJXUDGDFRQWUDGHVSOD]DPLHQWRVODWHUDOHV




 ¡Atención!
6LFRPSRQHQWHVGHOFDEUHVWDQWHGLVSRVLWLYRVGHHOHYDFLyQGHOD
FDUJDHWFpWHUDVREUHVDOHQPiVDOOiGHODDQFKXUDGHOYHKtFXORGXUDQWH
HOWUDQVSRUWHH[LVWLUiXQJUDYHSHOLJURGHDFFLGHQWH\FRQHOORGH
PXHUWH


x $QWHVGHLQLFLDUODPDUFKDTXLWHUHWLUH\HVWLEHGHIRUPDVHJXUDORVFRPSRQHQWHVGHOFDEUHVWDQWH
GLVSRVLWLYRVGHHOHYDFLyQGHODFDUJDHVOLQJDVHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHVHWFpWHUD
±TXHHQODSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWHVREUHVDOJDQGHODDQFKXUDGHOYHKtFXOR
±RVHHQFXHQWUHQVXHOWRV\VLQDVHJXUDUHQHOYHKtFXOR
x /DFDUJDHVWiDVHJXUDGDFRUUHFWDPHQWH\GHDFXHUGRFRQODVOH\HV\ORVUHJODPHQWRVHVSHFtILFRV
GHOSDtV


   
Terminar las operaciones de grúa

(OFRQGXFWRUGHOFDPLyQGHEHFRQRFHU\WHQHUHQFXHQWDODDOWXUDWRWDOODDQFKXUDWRWDOORVSHVRVSRU
HMH\HOSHVRWRWDO ODJU~DORVHTXLSRVDX[LOLDUHV\ODFDUJDLQFOXLGRV GHOYHKtFXOR YpDVHWDPELpQ
©6LVWHPDVGHVXSHUYLVLyQGHODSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWHªFDStWXOR 


¡Nota!
 6LODJU~DHVWiHTXLSDGDFRQXQGLVSRVLWLYRDYLVDGRUGHHOHYDFLyQ
REVHUYHODLQGLFDFLyQHQODFDELQDGHOFRQGXFWRU





   
Capítulo 10

&$3Ë78/2

0DQWHQLPLHQWR

En este capítulo
*HQHUDOLGDGHV
&RQWDGRUGHKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
0DQWHQLPLHQWR
/LPSLH]D
,QVSHFFLyQYLVXDO
(QJUDVDUHODSDUDWR
&DPELRGHODFHLWHKLGUiXOLFRFDPELRGHOILOWUR
5HSDUDUGDxRVHQODSLQWXUD




   
Capítulo 10 Mantenimiento

*HQHUDOLGDGHV
/DILDELOLGDGVHJXULGDG\GXUDELOLGDGGHXQDSDUDWRGHSHQGHQHVSHFLDOPHQWHGHOPDQWHQLPLHQWR\GHO
VHUYLFLRWpFQLFR3RUHOORHOPDQWHQLPLHQWR\HOVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRQRVRQXQDUHFRPHQGDFLyQVLQRTXHHV
REOLJDFLyQGHOWLWXODUGHODSDUDWRHOGLVSRQHUORV
(OWLWXODUGHEHDVHJXUDUVHGHTXHWRGRVORVWUDEDMRVGHPDQWHQLPLHQWRVHOOHYHQDFDERGHDFXHUGR
FRQODVLQVWUXFFLRQHVGDGDVHQHVWHPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV\FRQODVOH\HVHVSHFtILFDVGHOSDtV
3$/),1*(5QRDVXPLUiUHVSRQVDELOLGDGDOJXQDSRUGDxRVHQHODSDUDWRQLSRUDFFLGHQWHVTXHVHDQ
DWULEXLEOHVDXQPDQWHQLPLHQWRRXQVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRGHIHFWXRVRVRDOLQFXPSOLPLHQWRGHODVOH\HV
HVSHFtILFDVGHOSDtV
6LDOUHDOL]DUUHSDUDFLRQHVRDFWXDFLRQHVGHVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRVHVXVWLWX\HDOJ~QFRPSRQHQWHGHO
DSDUDWRVHGHEHUiQXWLOL]DUH[FOXVLYDPHQWHUHSXHVWRV3$/),1*(53$/),1*(5QRDVXPHQLQJXQD
UHVSRQVDELOLGDGSRUDTXHOORVGDxRVHQHODSDUDWRRDFFLGHQWHVTXHVHDQDWULEXLEOHVDSLH]DVDMHQDV



¡Nota!
 2EVHUYHVLQIDOWDODVQRUPDV\ORVLQWHUYDORVGHPDQWHQLPLHQWR
VHUYLFLRWpFQLFRSURSLRVGH3$/),1*(5(QRWURFDVRVHSHUGHUiOD
JDUDQWtDOHJDOODJDUDQWtDFRPHUFLDO\FXDOTXLHUSUHWHQVLyQGH
UHVSRQVDELOLGDG


 3RURUGHQGHO 5HDOL]DFLyQ

0DQWHQLPLHQWR 7LWXODU 7LWXODURSHUDGRUVHUYLFLRSRVYHQWDDXWRUL]DGRGH


3$/),1*(5
6HUYLFLRWpFQLFR 7LWXODU 6HUYLFLRSRVYHQWDDXWRUL]DGRGH3$/),1*(5

9pDVHWDPELpQ©6HJXULGDGSDUDODVSHUVRQDVªFDStWXOR


¡Nota!
 (VREOLJDWRULRXWLOL]DUORVOXEULFDQWHV\IOXLGRVKLGUiXOLFRV
UHFRPHQGDGRVSRU3$/),1*(53$/),1*(5QRDVXPHQLQJXQD
UHVSRQVDELOLGDGSRUDTXHOORVGDxRVTXHVHDQDWULEXLEOHVDOXVRGH
OXEULFDQWHV\IOXLGRVKLGUiXOLFRVHTXLYRFDGRV

8WLOLFH~QLFDPHQWHOXEULFDQWHVRULJLQDOHV3$/),1*(5ROXEULFDQWHVTXHFXPSODQODHVSHFLILFDFLyQ
VREUHOXEULFDQWHVTXHDSDUHFHHQHVWHFDStWXOR


6XVWLWXFLyQGHFRPSRQHQWHVKLGUiXOLFRV


 ¡Precaución!
3HVHSRQHUDODSUHVLyQDWPRVIpULFDHOVLVWHPDKLGUiXOLFRHQVX
LQWHULRUSXHGHH[LVWLUD~QXQDSUHVLyQUHVLGXDO$ODEULUHOVLVWHPD
KLGUiXOLFRH[LVWHSHOLJURGHDFFLGHQWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\RWUDV
SHUVRQDVDFDXVDGHODSUHVLyQUHVLGXDORGHDFHLWHKLGUiXOLFR
FDOLHQWH

6LIXHUDQHFHVDULRVXVWLWXLUFRPSRQHQWHVGHOVLVWHPDKLGUiXOLFRSyQJDVHHQFRQWDFWRFRQHOVHUYLFLR
SRVYHQWDDXWRUL]DGRGH3$/),1*(5
3XHVWDDSUHVLyQDWPRVIpULFDGHOVLVWHPDKLGUiXOLFR
x (ODSDUDWRGHEHHVWDUGHVFRQHFWDGR\VLQWHQVLyQDSOLFDGD
x $FFLRQHUHSHWLGDVYHFHVWRGDVODVSDODQFDVGHPDQGRHQDPEDVSRVLFLRQHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWR
(OVLVWHPDKLGUiXOLFRHVWDUiGHVSUHVXUL]DGRVDOYRSRVLEOHVSUHVLRQHVUHVLGXDOHV



   
Mantenimiento



&RQWDGRUGHKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
(OFRQWDGRUGHKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRSRVHHPRGRVGHLQGLFDFLyQ\XQSXOVDGRUSDUDFDPELDU
HQWUHHOORV

 +RUDVWRWDOHVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR

 +RUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRKDVWDHOSUy[LPR
VHUYLFLRWpFQLFR

 1~PHURGHVHULHGHODSDUDWR

3XOVDGRU©0RGRªSDUDFDPELDU



&XDQGRVHFRQHFWDODJU~DWDPELpQVHDFWLYDHOFRQWDGRUGHKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR6HLQGLFDHO
~OWLPRPRGRTXHVHKD\DDMXVWDGR
$FFLRQDQGREUHYHPHQWHHOSXOVDGRU02'(SXHGHFDPELDUVHHQWUH©+RUDVWRWDOHVGH
IXQFLRQDPLHQWRª\©+RUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRKDVWDHOSUy[LPRVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRª6LVHDFFLRQDHO
SXOVDGRU02'(GXUDQWHPiVGHVHJXQGRVVHPXHVWUDHOQ~PHURGHVHULH

,QGLFDFLyQGHOPRGR+RUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR

6HLQGLFDPHGLDQWHHOVtPERORGHXQUHORM  HLQGLFDHOQ~PHUR
WRWDOGHKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR  GHODSDUDWR
&XDQGRHVWiHQFXUVRHOFRQWHRGHKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRHO
SXQWRGHFLPDOSDUSDGHD  

    
0RGR+RUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRKDVWDHOSUy[LPRVHUYLFLRWpFQLFR

6HLQGLFDPHGLDQWHHOVtPERORGHXQDOODYHGHWXHUFDV  
8QLQWHUYDORGHVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRHTXLYDOHDKRUDV&XDQGR
HVWiHQFXUVRHOFRQWHRGHKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRODVKRUDVVH
FXHQWDQHQPRGRUHJUHVLYRSDUWLHQGRGH
/DVKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRKDVWDHOSUy[LPRVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRVH
LQGLFDQFRQHOLQGLFDGRUGHVHJPHQWRV  \FRPRKRUDV     
FRPSOHWDV  






   
Capítulo 10 Mantenimiento

6tPERORGHOODYHGHWXHUFDV
x 3DUSDGHDYHFHVGHVSXpVGHTXHVHFRQHFWHODJU~DVLHO
WLHPSRUHVWDQWHKDVWDHOSUy[LPRVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRHVLQIHULRUD [
KRUDV
x 3DUSDGHDVLHPSUHGHVSXpVGHTXHVHFRQHFWHODJU~DVLKD
H[SLUDGRHOWLHPSRGHVHUYLFLRWpFQLFR(OSURFHVRGHFRQWHR
VLJXHHQWRQFHVFRQQ~PHURVFUHFLHQWHV\HOVLJQRPHQRV
DQWHSXHVWR3XHGHOHHUVHHQFXiQWRVHKDVREUHSDVDGRHO
WLHPSRGHVHUYLFLRWpFQLFR

(OVHUYLFLRDXWRUL]DGRSRVWYHQWD3$/),1*(5UHSRQHGHQXHYRHOLQWHUYDORGHVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRD
KRUDVGHVSXpVGHOOHYDUDFDERHOVHUYLFLRWpFQLFR


0DQWHQLPLHQWR
/DVUHFRPHQGDFLRQHVVREUHPDQWHQLPLHQWR\FXLGDGRFRQWHQLGDVHQHOSUHVHQWHPDQXDOGH
LQVWUXFFLRQHVVRQGHWLSRJHQHUDO\DSOLFDEOHVDYDULRVDSDUDWRV3$/),1*(5
5HDOLFHHOPDQWHQLPLHQWRFDGDKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR/RVLQWHUYDORVGHPDQWHQLPLHQWRQR
REVWDQWHWDPELpQGHSHQGHQGHOOXJDUGHXWLOL]DFLyQGHOWLSRGHXWLOL]DFLyQGHODGXUDFLyQGHODPLVPD
GHODpSRFDGHODxR\GHORVIDFWRUHVDWPRVIpULFRV/DVDOSDUDGHVKHODUODDUHQDHWFVRQ
HVSHFLDOPHQWHDJUHVLYDV\DFHOHUDQODFRUURVLyQ\HOGHVJDVWH'HDFXHUGRFRQHOORHOPDQWHQLPLHQWR
SXHGHTXHVHDQHFHVDULRHIHFWXDUORDLQWHUYDORVPiVFRUWRV
/RVWUDEDMRVGHPDQWHQLPLHQWR\VHUYLFLRWpFQLFRVRODPHQWHVHGHEHQHIHFWXDUHVWDQGRHODSDUDWR
WRWDOPHQWHSDUDGR ERPEDKLGUiXOLFDGHVFRQHFWDGDDSDUDWRVLQWHQVLyQDSOLFDGD 
6HFXHQFLDGHORVWUDEDMRVDUHDOL]DUHQHOPDQWHQLPLHQWR
 /LPSLHHODSDUDWRDIRQGR
 ,QVSHFFLyQYLVXDO

 (QJUDVHHODSDUDWR
¡Nota!
 +DJDUHDOL]DUORVWUDEDMRVGHPDQWHQLPLHQWR~QLFDPHQWHSRU
SHUVRQDVH[SHUWDV








   
Mantenimiento




/LPSLH]D
¡Nota!
 /DOLPSLH]DFXLGDGRVDDXPHQWDODILDELOLGDG\ODGXUDELOLGDGGHO
DSDUDWR


8WLOLFH~QLFDPHQWHSURGXFWRVOLPSLDGRUHVFRPSDWLEOHVFRQHOPHGLRDPELHQWHGHS+QHXWUR\QR
DJUHVLYRVSDUDODSLHO&RQHOORVHSURWHJHHOPHGLRDPELHQWH\VHHYLWDQR[LGDFLRQHVHQHODSDUDWR
(IHFW~HODOLPSLH]D~QLFDPHQWHHQXQODYDGHURDGHFXDGR SURYLVWRGHXQVHSDUDGRUGHDFHLWHV 
1RXWLOLFHED\HWDVTXHDUDxHQQLUDVTXHQ
7UDEDMRVGHOLPSLH]D


 ¡Precaución!
&RPSRQHQWHVHOpFWULFRVPRMDGRVRK~PHGRVSXHGHQFDXVDU
GLVIXQFLRQDPLHQWRVGHODSDUDWRRXQFRUWRFLUFXLWRHQHOVLVWHPD
HOHFWUyQLFR

(IHFW~HORVWUDEDMRVGHOLPSLH]D~QLFDPHQWHFRQHODSDUDWRVLQWHQVLyQDSOLFDGD


/LPSLH]DFRQOLPSLDGRUHVGHDOWDSUHVLyQ


 ¡Precaución!
6LQRVHWLHQHHQFXHQWDODVVLJXLHQWHVLQGLFDFLRQHVSXHGHQ
SURGXFLUVHGDxRVHQHODSDUDWR
x 7HQJDHQFXHQWDHOPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHVGHOOLPSLDGRUGHDOWDSUHVLyQ
x /DWHPSHUDWXUDGHODJXDSURGXFWROLPSLDGRUQRGHEHVHUVXSHULRUDƒ&
x 3UHVWHDWHQFLyQDTXHVLHPSUHH[LVWDXQDGLVWDQFLDVXILFLHQWHHQWUHODERTXLOOD\HODSDUDWR

x 1RGLULMDQXQFDHOFKRUURGHDJXDGLUHFWDPHQWH FRQWUD
x &RPSRQHQWHVHOpFWULFRVHOHFWUyQLFRV HQWUDGDGHDJXD 
x &RPSRQHQWHVGHSOiVWLFR GHIRUPDFLyQURWXUD 
x &RMLQHWHVRSXQWRVGHDSR\R VHLQWURGXFHVXFLHGDGHQHOFRMLQHWH\VHHOLPLQDHOOXEULFDQWH
GHOFRMLQHWH 
x 6HxDOHVSODFDV\HWLTXHWDV SXHGHQVROWDUVHRYROYHUVHLOHJLEOHV 





   
Capítulo 10 Mantenimiento




,QVSHFFLyQYLVXDO


 ¡Atención!
/DIDOWDGHGLVSRVLWLYRVGHDVHJXUDPLHQWRORVGDxRV\ODVILVXUDVHQ
ORVFRPSRQHQWHVGHODJU~DRORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHHOHYDFLyQGHOD
FDUJDSXHGHQWHQHUFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDXQDFFLGHQWHJUDYH




¡Nota!
 &RPSUXHEHODFDXVDGHORVGDxRVSDUDHYLWDUQXHYRVGDxRVRTXH
HVWRVFRQWLQ~HQ
6XVWLWX\DGHLQPHGLDWRORVFRPSRQHQWHVTXHIDOWHQHVWpQ
GHVJDVWDGRVRGDxDGRV

(IHFW~HORVVLJXLHQWHVFRQWUROHVHQODJU~D\HQORVDFFHVRULRVLQVWDODGRVHQODPLVPD 
(OHPHQWRVGHILMDFLyQ
x &RPSUXHEHTXHORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHDVHJXUDPLHQWR\ORVWRUQLOORVHVWiQFRPSOHWRV\FXPSOHQVX
IXQFLyQTXHORVSHUQRVQRHVWiQGHIRUPDGRV\HVWiQVXILFLHQWHPHQWHDVHJXUDGRV
x 5HDSULHWHORVWRUQLOORV\ODVWXHUFDVTXHVHKD\DQDIORMDGR(QHOFDVRGHXQLRQHVDWRUQLOODGDV
SRUWDQWHVSyQJDVHHQFRQWDFWRFRQHOVHUYLFLRSRVYHQWDDXWRUL]DGRGH3$/),1*(5SDUD
FRQVXOWDUHOSDUGHDSULHWH\VXUHVLVWHQFLD
6XVWLWX\DHQVHJXLGDORVHOHPHQWRVGHVXMHFLyQTXHIDOWHQRQRFXPSODQVXIXQFLyQ


(OHPHQWRVHVWUXFWXUDOHVGHDFHUR
x )LVXUDVHQORVFRPSRQHQWHVHVSHFLDOPHQWHODVFRVWXUDVGHVROGDGXUD\ORVERUGHVGREODGRV
x 'HIRUPDFLRQHV
x &RUURVLyQ
6LVWHPDKLGUiXOLFR
x (OVLVWHPDKLGUiXOLFRFRPSOHWR FRQGXFWRVPDQJXHUDVYiOYXODVFLOLQGURVHWFpWHUD HQFXDQWRD
HVWDQTXLGDG
x &RQGXFWRVKLGUiXOLFRVHQFXDQWRDDSODVWDPLHQWRVILVXUDVGHIRUPDFLRQHV
x 0DQJXHUDVHQFXDQWRDGHVHQUROODGRPDUFDVGHUR]DPLHQWRDSODVWDPLHQWRVILVXUDVSRURVLGDG
HWFpWHUD
x 0DQJXHUDVGHSURWHFFLyQHQFXDQWRDTXHHVWpQFRPSOHWDVGHVHQUROODGDVSRVLEOHVGDxRV
HWFpWHUD
x 1LYHOGHODFHLWHKLGUiXOLFR VLQDSR\DUORVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV\HQSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWH 
x ,QWHJULGDGGHORVSUHFLQWRVGHODVYiOYXODVGHVHJXULGDG
6LVWHPDHOpFWULFR
x &DEOHVHQFXDQWRDGHVHQUROODGRPDUFDVGHUR]DPLHQWRDSODVWDPLHQWRVHWFpWHUD
x 0DQJXHUDVGHSURWHFFLyQHQFXDQWRDTXHHVWpQFRPSOHWDVGHVHQUROODGDVSRVLEOHVGDxRV
HWFpWHUD
x &DMDVLQWHUUXSWRUHVHOHPHQWRVLQGLFDGRUHVVHQVRUHVHQFXDQWRDVXMHFLyQFRUUHFWDGDxRV
HWFpWHUD
&XELHUWDV
x ,QWHJULGDGGHWRGDVODVFXELHUWDV
x &XELHUWDVHQFXDQWRDGDxRV


   
Mantenimiento

&RPSRQHQWHVGHOFDEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOH
9pDVHWDPELpQ©'HVFULSFLyQWpFQLFDªFDStWXOR
x 3ROHDVLQWHUPHGLDVHQFXDQWRDTXHHVWpQWRGDVSUHVHQWHV\HVWpQVXMHWDVFRUUHFWDPHQWH
x &DEH]DGHSROHDVSDVWHFDHQFXDQWRDIXQFLyQ\VXMHFLyQFRUUHFWD
x 7RGDVODVSROHDVGHFDEOHHQFXDQWRDGDxRVVXDYLGDGGHJLURGHVJDVWH
&RQWUROYLVXDOGHOFDEOH
9pDVHWDPELpQ©&DEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOHªFDStWXOR


 ¡Atención!
/RVFDEOHVGHIHFWXRVRVSXHGHQURPSHUVHGXUDQWHHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
GHOFDEUHVWDQWH([LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGHDFFLGHQWH

'HVDUUROOHHOFDEOHEDMRWHQVLyQ\FRQWUyOHORHQFXDQWRD
x 6XFLHGDG
x /XEULFDFLyQVXILFLHQWH
x &RUURVLyQ
x &DVTXLOORVGDxDGRV
x 5RWXUDGHFRUGyQURWXUDGHDODPEUHSXQWRVGHGHVJDVWHDEUDVLyQKHUQLDVUHGXFFLyQGHOD


VHFFLyQFRFDVHVWUDQJXODPLHQWRV

&DEOHVFX\RHVWDGRGHGHVJDVWHH[LJHVXVXVWLWXFLyQ
6LXQFDEOHHVWiWDQGDxDGRTXHQRGHEDXVDUVHPiVVHGLFHTXHHVWiHQHVWDGRGHGHVJDVWHGH
UHFDPELR
8QFDEOHHVWiHQHVWDGRGHUHFDPELRFXDQGRHQORVFRUGRQHVSRUWDQWHVH[WHULRUHVVHSXHGHGHWHFWDU
XQGHWHUPLQDGRQ~PHURGHURWXUDVGHDODPEUH
5HYLVHHOFDEOHHQHOSXQWRHQHOTXHHVWpPiVGDxDGR
/RQJLWXGREMHWRGHOH[DPHQ 1~PHURGHURWXUDVGHDODPEUHYLVLEOHV
îGLiPHWURGHOFDEOH 

îGLiPHWURGHOFDEOH 
[G
[G


&XDQGRSUHVHQWHGHIRUPDFLRQHVSHUPDQHQWHVFRPRGHVJDVWHSRUDEUDVLyQRHVWULFFLRQHV GLiPHWUR
GHOFDEOHPHQRVHO DSODVWDPLHQWRVKHUQLDVHVWUDQJXODPLHQWRVFRFDVEXFOHVHWFHOFDEOH
WDPELpQHVWDUiHQHVWDGRGHUHFDPELR
$UUROOHHOFDEOHEDMRWHQVLyQ


   
Capítulo 10 Mantenimiento

6HxDOHVSODFDV\HWLTXHWDV
&RPSUXHEHVXLQWHJULGDG\OHJLELOLGDG

,QVSHFFLRQDUORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHHOHYDFLyQGHODFDUJD
x *DQFKRGHFDUJDHQFXDQWRDILVXUDVGHIRUPDFLyQ
GHVJDVWH
x 8QLGDGVHQVRUDSDUDH[WHQVLRQHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWR
PHFiQLFRHQFXDQWRDILVXUDVGHIRUPDFLyQGHVJDVWH
HVWDQTXLGDG/DPDUFD $ QRGHEHVHUYLVLEOH
x &LHUUHGHVHJXULGDGGHOJDQFKRHQFXDQWRD
IXQFLRQDPLHQWRFRUUHFWR



&RQWUROGHORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDG
9pDVH«Control diario del funcionamiento de los dispositivos de seguridad» capítulo 






   
Mantenimiento




(QJUDVDUHODSDUDWR
(VSHFLILFDFLyQGHOXEULFDQWHV


¡Nota!
 3$/),1*(5UHFRPLHQGDHOXVRGHJUDVDVELRGHJUDGDEOHV1RPH]FOH
OXEULFDQWHVGHGLVWLQWRWLSR
7DPSRFRODVJUDVDVELRGHJUDGDEOHVGHEHQYHUWHUVHDOPHGLR
DPELHQWH
/RVOXEULFDQWHVGHEHQHVWDUOLEUHVGHVXVWDQFLDVVyOLGDV1RXWLOLFH
OXEULFDQWHVGHJUDILWR




 ¡Precaución!
/XEULFDQWHVHLQWHUYDORVGHPDQWHQLPLHQWRLQFRUUHFWRVHQJUDVH
LQFRUUHFWRRGHILFLHQWHFDXVDQGDxRVHQHODSDUDWRDOWRVFRVWHVGH
UHSDUDFLyQ\WLHPSRVGHLQDFWLYLGDG




*UDVDOXEULFDQWH
3XHGHDGTXLULUVHHQODPD\RUtDGHORVVHUYLFLRV 
DXWRUL]DGRVSRVYHQWD3$/),1*(5
GHSHQGLHQGRGHODVGLUHFWULFHVQDFLRQDOHV
EDMR
1žSHGLGR(=ODWDGHNJ
1žSHGLGR(=ELGyQGHNJ


'DWRVWpFQLFRV  &RPSUREDGR
VHJ~Q
(VWUXFWXUD /LVD 
&RQVLVWHQFLD 1/*,   ',1

0DUFDGR .3.  ',1


3XQWRGHJRWHRƒ&  ,62
3HQHWUDFLyQWUDEDMDGD PP ,62
(VWDELOLGDGDODR[LGDFLyQKƒ&  0i[EDU ',1
9LVFRVLGDGLQWUtQVHFDGHODFHLWHDƒ& !PPðV 
&RPSRUWDPLHQWRIUHQWHDODJXD &DWHJRUtDGHHYDOXDFLyQ ',1







(VSUD\GH7HIORQŠ
3XHGHDGTXLULUVHHQODPD\RUtDGHORVVHUYLFLRV 
DXWRUL]DGRVSRVYHQWD3$/),1*(5
GHSHQGLHQGRGHODVGLUHFWULFHVQDFLRQDOHV
EDMR
1žGHSHGLGR(=


   
Capítulo 10 Mantenimiento




¡Nota!
 /RVEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQHVWiQOLEUHVGHPDQWHQLPLHQWR6LDO
H[WHQGHURUHSOHJDUORVEUD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQVHSUHVHQWDQFRQWUDOR
TXHHVGHHVSHUDUSUREOHPDVFRPRWUDTXHWHRVRFKLUULGRVSXOYHULFH
ODVVXSHUILFLHVGHGHVOL]DPLHQWRVRODPHQWHFRQHVSUD\GH7HIORQŠ
3$/),1*(5





*UDVDSDUDFDEOHV
3XHGHDGTXLULUVHHQODPD\RUtDGHORVVHUYLFLRV 
DXWRUL]DGRVSRVWYHQWD3$/),1*(5GHSHQGLHQGR
GHODVGLUHFWULFHVQDFLRQDOHVEDMR
1žGHSHGLGR:



6tPERORVGHPDQWHQLPLHQWR


*UDVDSDUDFDEOHV

(VSUD\GH7HIORQŠ

*UDVDOXEULFDQWH

3URKLELGROXEULFDUFRQJUDVD
OXEULFDQWH  

/DJU~DUHSUHVHQWDGDHVXQHMHPSOR\PXHVWUDWDPELpQFRPSRQHQWHVTXHSXHGHQHQFRQWUDUVHFRPR
RSFLyQHQHODSDUDWRGHVXSURSLHGDGVHJ~QFXiOVHDVXYHUVLyQ\YDULDQWH
 3DODQFDVGHPDQGREDUUDVGHPDQLREUD
 6XSHUILFLHGHGHVOL]DPLHQWRH[WHQVLyQGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU
 &RMLQHWHGHSHUQR
 &DEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOH LQWHUUXSWRUGHILQDOGHFDUUHUDFDEOH 
 %UD]RVGHH[WHQVLyQKLGUiXOLFRVH[WHQVLRQHV 
 (QJUDVHHOFRMLQHWHGHODFROXPQDGHODJU~DFUHPDOOHUD
 &RMLQHWHVJDWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHVSLYRWDQWHVSHUQRVGHILDGRUGHUHVRUWH
DFFLRQDPLHQWRSRUFUHPDOOHUD
 *DQFKRGHFDUJD

/RVSXQWRVGHOXEULFDFLyQPDUFDGRVFRQHVWHVtPERORQRGHEHQOXEULFDUVHMDPiVFRQJUDVD
OXEULFDQWH\DTXHGHORFRQWUDULRSXHGHQHPSHRUDUODVSURSLHGDGHVGHGHVOL]DPLHQWR6LSHVHDWRGR
IXHUDQHFHVDULRDSOLFDUXQOXEULFDQWH WUDTXHWHRFKLUULGRV GHEHUiXVDUVHSDUDODOXEULFDFLyQHOHVSUD\
GH7HIORQŠ3$/),1*(5


   
Mantenimiento






   
Capítulo 10 Mantenimiento




(QJUDVDU


 ¡Atención!
6LGXUDQWHHOSURFHGLPLHQWRGHHQJUDVHVHDFFLRQDGHPRGRQR
LQWHQFLRQDODOJXQDIXQFLyQGHODJU~DH[LVWLUiSHOLJURGHPXHUWH

'HVFRQHFWHODJU~DDQWHVGHFDGDSURFHGLPLHQWRGHHQJUDVH
/DJUDVDOXEULFDQWHVHGHEHSRGHULQ\HFWDUIiFLOPHQWHHQODVERTXLOODVGHHQJUDVH6XVWLWX\DODV
ERTXLOODVGHHQJUDVHVXFLDVRURWDV6LGHVSXpVGHVXVWLWXLUODERTXLOODGHHQJUDVHWDPSRFRVHSXHGH
LQ\HFWDUJUDVDOXEULFDQWHDFXGDDOVHUYLFLRDXWRUL]DGRSRVYHQWDGH3$/),1*(5
3URFHGLPLHQWRGHHQJUDVH




 ¡Precaución!
/DVXFLHGDGHQHOFRMLQHWHSURGXFHXQUiSLGRGHVJDVWHGHOPLVPR\
DFDUUHDWLHPSRVGHLQDFWLYLGDGGHODSDUDWR\DOWRVFRVWHVGH
UHSDUDFLyQ

x /LPSLHFXLGDGRVDPHQWHHOSXQWRGHOXEULFDFLyQGHJUDVDOXEULFDQWHYLHMDFRQWDPLQDGD\GH
VXFLHGDGHV'HORFRQWUDULRODVXFLHGDGHQODJUDVDYLHMDVHLQWURGXFLUiDSUHVLyQHQHOFRMLQHWH
x ,QWURGX]FDDSUHVLyQJUDVDOXEULFDQWHHQHOFRMLQHWH
x 0XHYDORVFRPSRQHQWHV&RQHOORODJUDVDOXEULFDQWHVHUHSDUWHHQHOFRMLQHWH

x 9XHOYDDLQWURGXFLUDSUHVLyQJUDVDOXEULFDQWHHQODERTXLOODGHHQJUDVH
x 5HSLWDHOSURFHGLPLHQWRGHHQJUDVHKDVWDTXHVDOJDJUDVDOXEULFDQWHQXHYDGHOFRMLQHWH





 ¡Precaución!
/DJUDVDOXEULFDQWHVREUDQWHHQORVSXQWRVGHOXEULFDFLyQ\HQORV
FRMLQHWHVDXPHQWDHOSHOLJURGHDFFLGHQWH\UHSUHVHQWDXQSHOLJURSDUD
HOPHGLRDPELHQWH

x 'HVSXpVGHOSURFHGLPLHQWRGHHQJUDVHHOLPLQHODJUDVDOXEULFDQWHVREUDQWH
x 1RYXHOYDDXWLOL]DUODJUDVDOXEULFDQWHVREUDQWH
x £(OLPLQHODJUDVDOXEULFDQWHVREUDQWHVHJ~QODVOH\HVYLJHQWHVHQHOSDtV




(QJUDVHWRGRVORVSXQWRVGHHQJUDVHGHODSDUDWR




   
Mantenimiento




&RMLQHWHGHODFROXPQD
x 6XEDSRUFRPSOHWRHOEUD]RSULQFLSDO
x ,Q\HFWHJUDVDOXEULFDQWHHQWRGRVORVSXQWRVGHOXEULFDFLyQ  KDVWDTXHVDOJD
x *LUHODFROXPQDDL]TXLHUGD\GHUHFKDKDVWDORVUHVSHFWLYRVWRSHVILQDOHV
x ,Q\HFWHJUDVDHQWRGRVORVSXQWRVGHOXEULFDFLyQDLQWHUYDORVGHƒKDVWDTXHVHKD\D
FRPSOHWDGRHODOFDQFHGHJLURFRPSOHWR*LUHODJU~DDL]TXLHUGD\GHUHFKDKDVWDTXHVDOJDJUDVD
OXEULFDQWHXQLIRUPHPHQWHGHOFRMLQHWHGHODFROXPQDHQWRGDODFLUFXQIHUHQFLD
&UHPDOOHUD


¡Indicación!(QODFUHPDOOHUDQRVDOHJUDVDOXEULFDQWHQLDXQTXHHO
 HQJUDVHVHDVXILFLHQWH
x ,Q\HFWHVXILFLHQWHOXEULFDQWHHQODFUHPDOOHUD  
x *LUHODJU~DWRGRVXDOFDQFHGHJLURFRPSOHWR£5HSLWDHOSURFHGLPLHQWRGRVYHFHV

4
3
2

1



6LVWHPDGHH[WHQVLyQ
(OVLVWHPDGHH[WHQVLyQH[HQWRGHPDQWHQLPLHQWRHVWiHTXLSDGRFRQSDTXHWHVGHGHVOL]DPLHQWRTXH
SUHVHQWDQ FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV DXWROXEULFDQWHV \ GHVWDFDQ SRU VX PX\ EDMR GHVJDVWH (Q HO VLVWHPD GH
H[WHQVLyQH[HQWRGHPDQWHQLPLHQWRQRHVQHFHVDULRQLQJ~QHQJUDVHUHJXODUEDMRFRQGLFLRQHVGHXVR
QRUPDOHVGHVSXpVGHODIDVHGHURGDMHLQLFLDO'XUDQWHODIDVHGHURGDMHLQLFLDOVHIRUPDPHGLDQWHHO
HQJUDVH LQLFLDO XQD FDSD DQWLIULFFLyQ (Q RFDVLRQHV SXHGH VHU QHFHVDULR SXOYHUL]DU FRQ HVSUD\
3$/),1*(5 7HIORQŠ SDUD TXH VH IRUPH HVD FDSD DQWLIULFFLyQ 3XHGHQ TXHGDU WDPELpQ ]RQDV VLQ
FXEULUHQODVXSHUILFLHGHGHVOL]DPLHQWR
$QWHV GH WLHPSRV GH LQDFWLYLGDG SURORQJDGRV SXHGH VHU HYHQWXDOPHQWH QHFHVDULR SURWHJHU FRQWUD OD
FRUURVLyQODV]RQDVGHVQXGDVFRQHODHURVRO3$/),1*(57HIORQŠ
&XDQGR VH XVH HQ HQWRUQRV DEUDVLYRV R DJUHVLYRV YHKtFXOR HVSDUFLGRU GH DUHQLOOD IXHUWH VXFLHGDG
HWF SXHGHVHUQHFHVDULRUHDOL]DUXQDOLPSLH]DDLQWHUYDORVUHJXODUHVVHJXLGDGHXQWUDWDPLHQWRFRQ
HODHURVRO3$/),1*(57HIORQŠ





   
Capítulo 10 Mantenimiento




*UDVDSDUDFDEOHV


 ¡Precaución!
$OHQJUDVDUXQFDEOHORVFRUGRQHVTXHVREUHVDOHQGHpOSXHGHQ
FDXVDUJUDYHVOHVLRQHVHQODVPDQRV

(QJUDVHHOFDEOHVRORFRQXQDSURWHFFLyQGHODVPDQRVDGHFXDGD


x 'HVDUUROOHHOFDEOHEDMRWHQVLyQ
x $SOLTXHJUDVDSDUDFDEOHVFRQXQSDxRSSLQFHOHQWRGDODORQJLWXGGHOFDEOH
x $UUROOHHOFDEOHEDMRWHQVLyQ



&DPELRGHODFHLWHKLGUiXOLFRFDPELRGHOILOWUR
)LOWURGHDFHLWHKLGUiXOLFR
/DLQVWDODFLyQKLGUiXOLFDHVWiHTXLSDGDFRQXQMXHJRGHILOWURV
(OMXHJRGHILOWURVFRPSUHQGH
)LOWURGHDOWDSUHVLyQILOWURGHUHWRUQR\ILOWURGHYHQWLODFLyQ HQHOGHSyVLWR 


¡Nota!
 (OMXHJRGHILOWURVVHGHEHVXVWLWXLUVLHPSUHDOFRPSOHWR

6XVWLWX\DHOMXHJRGHILOWURVWUDVODVSULPHUDVKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
'HVSXpVGHHOORFDGDKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRSHURDOPHQRVXQDYH]DODxR


   
Mantenimiento




&DPELRGHODFHLWHKLGUiXOLFRPDQWHQLPLHQWRGHODFHLWHKLGUiXOLFR



&DPELRGHODFHLWHKLGUiXOLFR
(OFDPELRGHODFHLWHKLGUiXOLFRGHEHWHQHUOXJDUFDGDKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRSHURDOPHQRV
XQDYH]DODxR


¡Nota!
 5HDOL]DQGRXQPDQWHQLPLHQWRDQXDOGHODFHLWHORVLQWHUYDORVGH
FDPELRGHDFHLWHVHDODUJDQFODUDPHQWH
(VWRVLJQLILFDXQDKRUURHQFRVWHVSDUDHOWLWXODUSHURWDPELpQXQD
UHGXFFLyQHQODJHQHUDFLyQGHDFHLWHXVDGR\GHODFRQWDPLQDFLyQGHO
PHGLRDPELHQWH
+DJDTXHHOVHUYLFLRSRVYHQWDDXWRUL]DGRGH3$/),1*(5UHDOLFHXQ
PDQWHQLPLHQWRDQXDOGHODFHLWH

0DQWHQLPLHQWRGHODFHLWHKLGUiXOLFR
(OPDQWHQLPLHQWRGHODFHLWHFRPSUHQGHODVVLJXLHQWHVPHGLGDV
x )LOWUDFLyQGHODFHLWH
x ([WUDFFLyQGHODJXDGHODFHLWH
x ([DPHQ\HQVD\RGHODSXUH]DGHODFHLWH

x 6XVWLWXFLyQGHOILOWURGHDOWDSUHVLyQ
$FHLWHKLGUiXOLFR


¡Nota!
 3$/),1*(5UHFRPLHQGDXVDUDFHLWHVELRGHJUDGDEOHV7DPSRFRORV
DFHLWHVELRGHJUDGDEOHVGHEHQOOHJDUDOPHGLRDPELHQWH
&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVQHFHVDULDV


$FHLWHKLGUiXOLFR 7HPSHUDWXUDGHDSOLFDFLyQ
eVWHUHVVLQWpWLFRV ELRGHJUDGDEOHV  DSUR[HQWUH±ƒ&\ƒ& HQWUH±ƒ)\
ƒ) 
$FHLWHPLQHUDO QRELRGHJUDGDEOH  DSUR[HQWUH±ƒ&\ƒ& HQWUH±ƒ)\
ƒ) 

8WLOLFHXQpVWHUVLQWpWLFR ELRGHJUDGDEOH RDFHLWHPLQHUDO QRELRGHJUDGDEOH 


(OLQWHUYDORGHWUDEDMRGHODFHLWHKLGUiXOLFRYDGH±ƒ&Dƒ& GH±ƒ)Dƒ) HQIXQFLyQGH
ODWHPSHUDWXUDH[WHULRU
/DWHPSHUDWXUDGHVHUYLFLRLGHDOGHODFHLWHKLGUiXOLFRHVWiHQWUHƒ&\ƒ& ƒ)\ƒ) 
/HDODWHPSHUDWXUDGHODFHLWHKLGUiXOLFRFDGDYH]TXHWHUPLQHGHXWLOL]DUODJU~D
6LVHVREUHSDVDIUHFXHQWHPHQWHHVHLQWHUYDORGHWHPSHUDWXUDVSyQJDVHHQFRQWDFWRFRQHOVHUYLFLR
DXWRUL]DGRSRVYHQWDGH3$/),1*(5
&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVUHFRPHQGDGDV
x &DUDFWHUtVWLFDVYLVFRVLGDGWHPSHUDWXUDIDYRUDEOHV
x %XHQDHVWDELOLGDGWpUPLFD\PHFiQLFD
x $PSOLDUHVLVWHQFLDDOHQYHMHFLPLHQWR
x %XHQDSURWHFFLyQFRQWUDODFRUURVLyQ
x 9LVFRHODVWLFLGDGHQIUtRVXILFLHQWH
x %XHQSRGHUVHSDUDGRUGHDLUH
x 3HUIHFWDHVSXPRVLGDG
x 1HXWUDOLGDGIUHQWHDMXQWDVGHHVWDQTXLGDG\PDQJXHUDVKLGUiXOLFDV


   
Capítulo 10 Mantenimiento

9DORUHVOtPLWHSDUDODVHOHFFLyQGHODFHLWH
$OVHOHFFLRQDUHODFHLWHREVHUYHODYLVFRVLGDGHQIXQFLyQGHODWHPSHUDWXUD

¡Nota!
 3DUDVHOHFFLRQDUORVDFHLWHVKLGUiXOLFRVUHFRPHQGDGRV\ORVILOWURV
GHDFHLWHSyQJDVHHQFRQWDFWRFRQXQVHUYLFLRDXWRUL]DGRSRVYHQWD
GH3$/),1*(5

&

$
ƒ&

%


$ 9LVFRVLGDGPPðVRF6W

% 7HPSHUDWXUDGHUHIHUHQFLD,62HQ
JUDGRV&HOVLXV

& ,QWHUYDORUHFRPHQGDGR


,QWHUYDORDOWRGHWHPSHUDWXUD F6W
/tPLWHGHDUUDQTXHHQIUtR F6W
&yGLJRGHFRQWDPLQDFLyQ  VHJ~Q,62 


   
Mantenimiento

0LVFLELOLGDG


¡Nota!
 /RVDFHLWHVKLGUiXOLFRVVRQPLVFLEOHVHQWUHVt1RHVWiSHUPLWLGR
PH]FODUDFHLWHVKLGUiXOLFRVFRQRWURVOtTXLGRV

'HVYHQWDMDVRFDVLRQDGDVSRUODPH]FODGHDFHLWHVGHGLVWLQWRWLSR
x $FRUWDPLHQWRGHODGXUDELOLGDG
x /DVPH]FODVGHpVWHUHVVLQWpWLFRVFRQDFHLWHVPLQHUDOHV\DQRVRQELRGHJUDGDEOHV
x HWFpWHUD



5HSDUDUGDxRVHQODSLQWXUD


¡Nota!
 5HSDUDUHQVHJXLGDORVGDxRVHQODSLQWXUD3URWHJHHODSDUDWRFRQWUD
ODFRUURVLyQ


x 5HSDVHDPXHODODV]RQDVGDxDGDV\OtPSLHODV
x $SOLTXHXQDFDSDGHLPSULPDFLyQ\YXHOYDDSLQWDUODV]RQDVGDxDGDV



   
Capítulo 11

&$3Ë78/2

6HUYLFLRWpFQLFR

En este capítulo
*HQHUDOLGDGHV
&RQWUROGHODVXQLRQHVURVFDGDV
3ULPHUVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRWUDVKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
&DGDKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRRDOPHQRVXQDYH]DO
DxR
&DGDDxRV
*DQFKRGHFDUJD\JULOOHWH
5HYLVLyQGHORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDG
0DQJXHUDVGHSURWHFFLyQ
5HSDUDFLRQHV
7DVDGHGHVOL]DPLHQWR




   
Capítulo 11 Servicio técnico

*HQHUDOLGDGHV



¡Nota!
 /RVWUDEDMRVGHVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRHVWiQUHVHUYDGRVHQH[FOXVLYDDORV
VHUYLFLRVSRVYHQWDDXWRUL]DGRVGH3$/),1*(5\VHGHEHUiQHIHFWXDU
FRQDUUHJORDGRFXPHQWDFLyQGHIRUPDFLyQ\GHVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRGH
3$/),1*(5(QRWURFDVRVHSHUGHUiODJDUDQWtDOHJDO\ODJDUDQWtD
FRPHUFLDO


7LHPSRUHVWDQWHKDVWDHOSUy[LPRVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRYpDVH&RQWDGRUGHKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
(OWLWXODUGHEHRUGHQDUHOVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRFXDQGRHOFRQWDGRUGHKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRLQGLTXHHQWUH
\KRUDV3DUDPiVLQIRUPDFLRQHVYpDVHWDPELpQHOPDQXDOGHPDQWHQLPLHQWR\UHSDUDFLyQ VH
HQWUHJDFRQODJU~D 


*XDUGHODVDQRWDFLRQHVGHORVWUDEDMRVGHVHUYLFLRWpFQLFR&DGDRSHUDFLyQGHVHUYLFLRWpFQLFR\FDGD
UHSDUDFLyQVHGHEHQDQRWDUHQHOFXDGHUQRGHVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRGHODJU~D(OVHUYLFLRSRVYHQWD
DXWRUL]DGRGH3$/),1*(5GHEHILUPDUODV\VHOODUODV


3UHSDUDFLyQSDUDHOVHUYLFLRWpFQLFR
x /LPSLHHODSDUDWR YpDVH©/LPSLH]DªFDStWXOR 
x 5HDOLFHXQDLQVSHFFLyQYLVXDO YpDVH©,QVSHFFLyQYLVXDOªFDStWXOR 






   
Servicio técnico




&RQWUROGHODVXQLRQHVURVFDGDV



 ¡Atención!
/RVWRUQLOORVIORMRVGDxDGRVRDSUHWDGRVHQH[FHVRHVWiQ
DPHQD]DGRVGHURWXUDFXDQGRVHOHVVRPHWHDHVIXHU]RVGHFDUJD
([LVWHSHOLJURGHPXHUWH




¡Nota!
 $SULHWHORVWRUQLOORV~QLFDPHQWHFRQXQDOODYHGLQDPRPpWULFD\FRQHO
SDUGHDSULHWHSUHVFULWR


3DUHVGHDSULHWHWRUQLOORV,62HQ1āP IWāOEI LQWHUYDORGHWROHUDQFLD“
7RUQLOORV ',1(1,62
7XHUFDV ',1(1,62
$UDQGHODV ',1(1,62
5RVFD 5HVLVWHQFLD 5HVLVWHQFLD 5HVLVWHQFLD 5HVLVWHQFLD
0            
0            
0            
0            
0        
0        
0        
0        
0        
0        
0        
0        
0        


   
Capítulo 11 Servicio técnico


3DUHVGHDSULHWHHVSiUUDJRVEULGDHQ1āP IWāOEI LQWHUYDORGH
WROHUDQFLD“
5RVFD 5HVLVWHQFLD
0î   
5RVFD 0DWHULDO&
0î   
5RVFD 0DWHULDO&U0RY
0î   
0î   
0î   
0î   
0î   
0î   
0î   






   
Servicio técnico




6tPERORVGHVHUYLFLRWpFQLFR


9HULILFDFLyQGHODIXQFLyQ


6XVWLWXFLyQ

&RQWUROYLVXDO

&RPSUREDUTXHORVWRUQLOORVHVWiQ
ILUPHPHQWHDSUHWDGRV 

(VSUD\GH7HIORQŠ

*UDVDOXEULFDQWH

*UDVDSDUDFDEOHV




3ULPHUVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRWUDVKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR

'HQRPLQDFLyQ 7UDEDMR

3DTXHWHILOWUDQWHGHDFHLWH

&LOLQGURGHRULHQWDFLyQ

(QJUDQDMHGHRULHQWDFLyQ
 
1LYHOGHODFHLWHKLGUiXOLFR VLQDSR\DUORVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV\HQSRVLFLyQ
GHWUDQVSRUWH  

&RQGXFWRV\PDQJXHUDVKLGUiXOLFDVUHDSUHWDUUDFRUHV
 
)LMDFLyQGHODEDVHGHODJU~D






   
Capítulo 11 Servicio técnico




&DGDKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRRDOPHQRVXQDYH]DO
DxR

'HQRPLQDFLyQ 7UDEDMR

3DTXHWHILOWUDQWHGHDFHLWHDFHLWHKLGUiXOLFR

&LOLQGURGHRULHQWDFLyQ
 
$FHLWHGHOHQJUDQDMHGHRULHQWDFLyQ

)LMDFLyQGHODEDVHGHODJU~D
 
&RQGXFWRV\PDQJXHUDVKLGUiXOLFDVUDFRUHV
 
'LVSRVLWLYROLPLWDGRUGHFDUUHUDFDEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOH 
&DEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOHDFHLWHSDUDHQJUDQDMHV

0DQGRDGLVWDQFLDSRUUDGLRIUHFXHQFLD

7RGRVORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDG

/XEULFDFLyQFHQWUDO

(TXLSRVDX[LOLDUHV

&DSDFLGDGGHODERPEDYHORFLGDGGHURWDFLyQ

3DODQFDVGHPDQGREDUUDVGHPDQLREUD
 
'LVSRVLWLYRGHVXVSHQVLyQGHFDUJDV 
&ROXPQDGHODJU~DMXHJRGHOFRMLQHWH YpDVHODGRFXPHQWDFLyQ
IRUPDWLYD  




&DGDDxRV


'HQRPLQDFLyQ 7UDEDMR

0DQJXHUDVKLGUiXOLFDV








   
Servicio técnico




*DQFKRGHFDUJD\JULOOHWH
/DUHYLVLyQGHOJDQFKRGHFDUJD\GHOJULOOHWHSRUXQVHUYLFLRDXWRUL]DGRSRVYHQWDGH3$/),1*(5VH
GHEHHIHFWXDUFRQIRUPHDORVUHJODPHQWRVOHJDOHVQDFLRQDOHVDLQWHUYDORVGHPHVHVFRPRPi[LPR


 ¡Atención!
6LVHXVDQJDQFKRVGHFDUJDVRPHWLGRVDXQPDQWHQLPLHQWR
LQVXILFLHQWHGDxDGRVRGHVJDVWDGRVH[LVWLUiJUDYHSHOLJURGH
DFFLGHQWH\FRQHOORGHPXHUWHSDUDHORSHUDGRU\WHUFHUDVSHUVRQDV

$QWHVGHSURFHGHUDVXUHYLVLyQOLPSLHHOJDQFKR\HOJULOOHWHGHPRGRTXHHVWpQOLEUHVGHDFHLWH
VXFLHGDG\KHUUXPEUH(VWiSHUPLWLGRWRGRPpWRGRGHOLPSLH]DTXHQRDWDTXHHOPDWHULDOEDVH
'HEHQUHYLVDUVHUHJXODUPHQWHORVSXQWRVVLJXLHQWHV
x 6XMHFLyQGHOJDQFKRVHJXURGHODWXHUFDGHOJDQFKR
x *DUUXFKDGHJDQFKR
x &LHUUHGHVHJXULGDGGHOJDQFKR
x &RMLQHWHV
&RPSUXHEHORVLJXLHQWH
x &RUWHVPXHVFDVHVWUtDVILVXUDVIXHUWHFRUURVLyQFDPELRGHFRORUSRUFDORUXRWURVHIHFWRV
x 6LJQRVGHTXHHOJDQFKRVHKDHQVDQFKDGRHVGHFLUDXPHQWRSDWHQWHHQODDEHUWXUDGHODERFD
2 XRWUDVGHIRUPDFLRQHVHQHOHOHPHQWRGHHVOLQJD(ODXPHQWRGHODDEHUWXUDGHODERFDQR
GHEHVREUHSDVDUHOGHOYDORUQRPLQDO(OFLHUUHGHVHJXULGDGGHOJDQFKRQRGHEHGHVWULQFDUVH
HQQLQJ~QFDVR(OJURVRUGHOJDQFKR+QRGHEHUHGXFLUVHHQPiVGHOGHODPHGLGDQRPLQDO
x /DKRMDGHLQIRUPDFLyQWpFQLFDFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVHSXHGHREWHQHUHQORVVHUYLFLRVDXWRUL]DGRV
SRVYHQWDGH3$/),1*(5EDMRHOQ~PHUR'7=
(QFDVRGHTXHHOJDQFKRSUHVHQWHGDxRVGHIRUPDFLRQHVRGHVJDVWHSyQJDORGHLQPHGLDWRIXHUDGH
VHUYLFLR








   
Capítulo 11 Servicio técnico




5HYLVLyQGHORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDG


¡Nota!
 &RQRFDVLyQGHORVWUDEDMRVGHVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRVHGHEHUiQUHYLVDU
WRGRVORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDG SUXHEDGHOOLPLWDGRUGHOD
FDSDFLGDGQRPLQDOSUXHEDGHOFRQWUROGHHVWDELOLGDG+36&HWFpWHUD 




0DQJXHUDVGHSURWHFFLyQ
$OHIHFWXDUHOVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRFRQWUROHODVPDQJXHUDVGHSURWHFFLyQODVFXELHUWDVHWFpWHUD\
VXVWLWX\DUHSRQJDODVTXHHVWpQGDxDGDVRIDOWHQ



5HSDUDFLRQHV
x (OVHUYLFLRDXWRUL]DGRSRVWYHQWD3$/),1*(5GHEHUHSDUDUHQVHJXLGDORVGDxRVHQHODSDUDWR
x /DVUHSDUDFLRQHVVHGHEHQDQRWDUHQHOPDQXDOGHPDQWHQLPLHQWR\UHSDUDFLyQGHODSDUDWR
x 6LODUHSDUDFLyQQRVHUHDOL]DHQXQVHUYLFLRDXWRUL]DGRSRVWYHQWD3$/),1*(5ODJDUDQWtD
FRPHUFLDO\ODJDUDQWtDOHJDOVHH[WLQJXLUiQ



7DVDGHGHVOL]DPLHQWR
/DWDVDGHGHVOL]DPLHQWRQRGHEHVREUHSDVDUHOGHODOFDQFH




   
Capítulo 12

&$3Ë78/2

5HWLUDGDGHOVHUYLFLR\
HOLPLQDFLyQ

En este capítulo
'LUHFWULFHV5HWLUDGDGHOVHUYLFLR\HOLPLQDFLyQ




   
Capítulo 12 Retirada del servicio y eliminación

'LUHFWULFHV5HWLUDGDGHOVHUYLFLR\HOLPLQDFLyQ
'HVPRQWDU\GHVDUPDUHODSDUDWRVHJ~QODVUHJODVGHODSURIHVLyQ

 ¡Precaución!6LQRVHGHVPRQWD\GHVDUPDHODSDUDWRVHJ~QODV
UHJODVGHODSURIHVLyQH[LVWLUiXQPD\RUSHOLJURGHDFFLGHQWH
x 3DUDGHVPRQWDU\GHVDUPDUHODSDUDWRVHJ~QODVUHJODVGHODSURIHVLyQSyQJDVHHQFRQWDFWRFRQ
HOVHUYLFLRDXWRUL]DGRSRVWYHQWD3$/),1*(5
x 'HVPRQWHHODSDUDWR\GHViUPHORHQVXVGLYHUVRVFRPSRQHQWHVGHDFXHUGRFRQODVLQVWUXFFLRQHV
GHOVHUYLFLRDXWRUL]DGRSRVWYHQWD3$/),1*(5
(OLPLQDFLyQ

 ¡Precaución!$QWHVGHHOLPLQDUORVOLPSLHGHELGDPHQWHWRGRVORV
HOHPHQWRVTXHFRQWHQJDQDFHLWHRJUDVD(ODFHLWH\ODJUDVDQRGHEHQ
LUDSDUDUGHQLQJ~QPRGRDOPHGLRDPELHQWH
$OHOLPLQDUWRGRVORVFRPSRQHQWHVGHODSDUDWR\ORVFRQVXPLEOHVGH
RSHUDFLyQGHEHQUHVSHWDUVHODVOH\HVHVSHFtILFDVGHOSDtV
x /LPSLHORVFRPSRQHQWHVTXHFRQWHQJDQDFHLWHRJUDVD
x (OLPLQHORVFRPSRQHQWHVVHJ~QJUXSRVGHPDWHULDOHV DFHURSOiVWLFRFRPSRQHQWHVHOpFWULFRV\
HOHFWUyQLFRVHWFpWHUD 
x (OLPLQHODJUDVD\HODFHLWHGHIRUPDFRPSDWLEOHFRQHOPHGLRDPELHQWHWDPELpQODVJUDVDV\ORV
DFHLWHVELRGHJUDGDEOHV
x 3yQJDVHHQFRQWDFWRFRQVXVHUYLFLRDXWRUL]DGRSRVWYHQWD3$/),1*(5SDUDODFRPSUDGHXQ
QXHYRDSDUDWR



   
Índice alfabético

ËQGLFHDOIDEpWLFR

 &RQWUROGLDULRGHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHORV
žVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR GLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDG
$ &XFKDUDELYDOYD
$FHLWHKLGUiXOLFR '
$FRSODPLHQWRUiSLGRSDUDHTXLSRV 'HVFULSFLyQWpFQLFD
DX[LOLDUHVKLGUiXOLFRV 'HVSXpVGHOPDQWHQLPLHQWRVHUYLFLR
$SDUDWR\IXQFLyQ WpFQLFR\GHODVUHSDUDFLRQHV
& 'LUHFWULFHV
&DEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOH 5HWLUDGDGHOVHUYLFLR\HOLPLQDFLyQ
&DEUHVWDQWHGHFDEOH3RZHU/LQN 
&DGDKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRRDO 'LVSRVLWLYRVGHHOHYDFLyQGHODFDUJD
PHQRVXQDYH]DODxR 
&DGDDxRV 'LVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDG
&DGDYH]DQWHVGHLQLFLDUODPDUFKD (
 (PLVLyQGHUXLGR
&DPELRGHODFHLWHKLGUiXOLFRFDPELRGHO (QJUDVDU
ILOWUR (QJUDVDUHODSDUDWR
&DPELRGHODFHLWHKLGUiXOLFR (TXLSDPLHQWRVDGLFLRQDOHV
PDQWHQLPLHQWRGHODFHLWHKLGUiXOLFR (TXLSRVDGLFLRQDOHVGHODJU~D
 (TXLSRVDX[LOLDUHV
&DUJDV (VSHFLILFDFLyQGHOXEULFDQWHV
&HVWDGHSHUVRQDO (VWDELOL]DGRUDGLFLRQDO
&RORFDUHOEUD]RGHFDUJDHQODSRVLFLyQ (VWDELOL]DUHOYHKtFXOR
GHWUDEDMR ([WHQVLRQHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWRPHFiQLFR
&RPSRQHQWHVSULQFLSDOHV 
&RQGLFLRQHVGHWUDEDMRGHVIDYRUDEOHV ([WHQVLRQHVGHOHVWDELOL]DGRU
 )
&RQWDGRUGHKRUDVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR )DOORGHOVLVWHPDHOpFWULFRGHODJU~D
 )LOWURGHDFHLWHKLGUiXOLFR
&RQWUROGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODSDUDGD )XQFLyQ
GHHPHUJHQFLD )XQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODJU~D
&RQWUROGHLQFOLQDFLyQ *
&RQWUROGHLQFOLQDFLyQKDVWDOD *DQFKRGHFDUJD
H[WHQVLyQžVLVWHPDDUWLFXODGR *DQFKRGHFDUJD\JULOOHWH
&RQWUROGHODHVWDELOLGDG+36& *DWRVHVWDELOL]DGRUHV
&RQWUROGHODJHRPHWUtD *HQHUDOLGDGHV
&RQWUROGHODVXQLRQHVURVFDGDV *UiILFRVHLOXVWUDFLRQHV
&RQWUROGHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHO3DOWURQLF *UDVDSDUDFDEOHV
 ,
&RQWUROGHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHOVLVWHPD ,FRQRVGHORVPDQGRV
VXSHUYLVRUGHRFXSDFLyQGHODVLHQWR ,QFOLQDFLyQGHOYHKtFXOR
 ,QGLFDGRUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJD


   
Índice alfabético

,QIRUPDFLyQJHQHUDO 3XHVWDHQPDUFKDGHODJU~D
,QVSHFFLyQYLVXDO 3XHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGRDVLHQGR
,QWHUUXSWRUGHGHVFRQH[LyQGH HOHYDGR
HPHUJHQFLD 5
/ 5HJODPHQWRV\QRUPDVHVWDWDOHV
/LPLWDFLyQGHODOFDQFHGHJLURVREUHHO UHODWLYRVDOXVRGHODSDUDWR
SXHVWRGHPDQGRHOHYDGR,6 5HSDUDFLRQHV
/LPLWDGRUGHODFDSDFLGDGQRPLQDOSDUD 5HSDUDUGDxRVHQODSLQWXUD
H[WHQVLRQHVGHDFFLRQDPLHQWR 5HTXLVLWRVGHVHJXULGDG\GHSURWHFFLyQ
PHFiQLFR GHODVDOXG
/tPLWHVGHFDUJD 5HVXPHQGHVHxDOHVSODFDV\HWLTXHWDV
/LPSLH]D 
/ODYHVGHFRQPXWDFLyQ\SXOVDGRUHV 5HWLUDGDGHOVHUYLFLR\HOLPLQDFLyQ
0 5HWUDHUHOHVWDELOL]DGRU
0DOXVRSUHYLVLEOHGHODSDUDWR 5HYLVLyQGHORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHVHJXULGDG
0DQGRDGLVWDQFLDSRUUDGLRIUHFXHQFLD 
 5LHVJRVUHVLGXDOHV
0DQHMR 6
0DQJXHUDVGHSURWHFFLyQ 6HJXULGDGSDUDODVSHUVRQDV
0DQWHQLPLHQWR 6HxDOHVSODFDV\HWLTXHWDVSDUD
0DQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV $PpULFDGHO1RUWH
0DUFD&(GHFRQIRUPLGDG 6HUYLFLRWpFQLFR
0RGLILFDFLRQHVHQHODSDUDWR 6tPERORV
0RGRGHPDQGRGHHPHUJHQFLDWUDVHO 6tPERORVGHLQGLFDFLRQHVGHSHOLJUR
IDOORGHOPDQGRDGLVWDQFLD 6LVWHPDGHH[WHQVLyQ
0RQWDMHGHOHTXLSR 6LVWHPDGHVHJXULGDG\GHPDQGR
1 3DOWURQLF
1RWDVVREUHHOPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV 6LVWHPDOLPLWDGRUGHOPRPHQWRGHFDUJD
 26.
2 6LVWHPDVGHFRQWUROSDUDODSRVLFLyQGH
2EMHWRGHO+36& WUDQVSRUWH
2SFLRQHV+36&/&$ /RDG&DSDFLW\ 7
$UHD  7DVDGHGHVOL]DPLHQWR
3 7HUPLQDUODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHJU~D
3HOLJURGHDSODVWDPLHQWR 7pUPLQRV\GHILQLFLRQHV
3HOLJURGHFDtGD 7UDEDMDUFRQFDUJDV
3HOLJURGHVXIULUTXHPDGXUDV 8
3HOLJURSRUOtQHDVHOpFWULFDV 8VRSUHYLVWROtPLWHVGHODPiTXLQD
3HOLJURVSRUJDVHVGHHVFDSH 9
3HUVRQDORSHUDGRU 9DOLGH]GHOPDQXDOGHLQVWUXFFLRQHV
3RQHUODJU~DHQSRVLFLyQGHWUDQVSRUWH 9HULILFDFLyQGHODIXQFLyQGHOVLVWHPD
 26.
3RVLFLyQGHWUDEDMRJU~D =
3UHSDUDUHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODJU~D =RQDGHWUDEDMR
 
3UHVWHDWHQFLyQDGHILFLHQFLDVDQWHV\
GXUDQWHHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
3ULPHUVHUYLFLRWpFQLFRWUDVKRUDVGH
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR


   
Capítulo 13

&$3Ë78/2

'HVFULSFLyQWpFQLFD


   



   

You might also like