INTRODUCTION

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 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
The very essence of our economic life and growth is dependent in a great
part upon the continued improvement of Electronic and Mechanical fields. To
aid these fields, we have designed Drilling Machine with Keyway Attachment
which can be widely used to drill products like printed Circuit Boards, Engine
heads and other Automobile components. Extreme care should be there to drill
multi holes at different layouts. The Drilling Machine with Keyway
Attachment helps to achieve accurate and identical drilled layouts in mass
production.

We have designed this Drilling Machine with Keyway Attachment model

to drill five holes of various diameters in an un-symmetrical layout. In case of
drilling large layouts in mass production, we can apply this type of drill head.

Multiple-drill holder drilling head are used for mass production, a great
time saver where many pieces of jobs having many holes are to be drilled.
Multi-drill holder head machines are used in mechanical industry in order to
increase the productivity of machining systems. The multiple drill holder
drilling head is a production type of machine. It is used to drill two holes in a
work piece simultaneously, in one setting. The holes are drilled on number of
work pieces with the same accuracy, so as to make them interchangeable. This
machine has two drill holders driven by a single motor and all the drill holders
are fed in to the work piece simultaneously. Feeding motions are obtained either
by raising the work table or by lowering the drills head. The centre distance
between the drill holders can be adjusted in any position as required by the
different jobs. For adjusting the centre distance between the drill holders they
are connected to the main drill holder by universal joints. In mass production
work drill jigs are used for guiding the drills in the work piece so as to achieve

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accurate results. In today’s market the customer demands the product of right
quality, right quantity, right cost, & at right time. Therefore it is necessary to
improve productivity as well as quality. One way to achieve this is by using
Drilling machine with keyway attachment drilling head. On the other hand, in
order to meet quality requirements of final product.

As the name indicates multiple drill holder drilling machines have two
drill holders driven by a single power head, and these two drill holders holding
the drill bits are fed into the work piece simultaneously. The drill holders are so
constructed that their centre distance can be adjusted in any position within the
drill head depending on the job requirement. For this purpose, the drill drill
holders are connected to the main drive by means of universal joints. The
rotation of the drills are derived from the main drill holder and the central gear
through a number of planetary gears in mesh with the central gear) and the
corresponding flexible shafts. The positions of those parallel shafts holding the
drills are adjusted depending upon the locations of the holes to be made on the
job.

1.1 VARIOUS METHODS OF DRILLING MACHINE WITH KEYWAY

ATTACHMENT

The various methods of drilling machine with keyway attachment drilling

head are:

1.1.1 Adjustable DRILLING MACHINE WITH KEYWAY

ATTACHMENT

Can be used in many components, where change the centre distance to

some range. It will increase drilling capacity in single special purpose machine.

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1.1.2 Fixed DRILLING MACHINE

Where cannot change the centre distance to some range. Is planetary gear
train, compound gear train?

Features of both the type drilling machine drilling head are

A. By using these drilling machine drilling heads, increase the productivity is

substantial.

b. Time for one whole drilling is the time for multiple no. of holes drilling.

c. Drilling Machine drilling ensures the positional accuracy.

Drilling Machine with Keyway Attachmen Theads can be of fixed centre

construction for mass and large batch production and for batch production,
adjustable centre type design is offered here planetary gear train type adjustable
Drilling Machine with Keyway Attachment drilling head is selected.

1.2 PRINCIPLE OF MULTIPLE DRILL HOLDERS DRILLING

Torque is transmitted from sun gear to three planet gears for drilling
purpose. Fig Principle of Multiple Drill holder Drilling There are three planet
gears and one sun gear arrangement for transmitting the power from main drill
holder to planet shaft. . When machine is started the drilling machine drill
holder sleeve drives the arbor and thereby the planet gear system and the drill
chucks and respective cutting tools, when the drilling machine drill holder is fed
in the downward direction the cutting action takes place. For enhancement and
fast production an index able drill jig can be mounted on the drill machine table.

1.3 DRILLING
Drilling is the operation of producing circular hole in the work-piece by
using a rotating cutter called DRILL.

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  The machine used for drilling is called drilling machine.

 The drilling operation can also be accomplished in lathe, in which the

drill is held in tailstock and the work is held by the chuck.

 The most common drill used is the twist drill.

1.4 DRILLING MACHINE

The drilling machine has revolutionized industrial work of every kind and
made so such a lot of complex tasks seem easy. The drilling machines available
in India are made of the finest quality materials and adhere to the latest
technological and engineering innovations and standards. These machines are
used for a plethora of machining works. Drilling machines manufactured here
are in demand all over the globe especially for their cost effectiveness and
efficiency notwithstanding. Drilling machines need to be fast hitting and quick
penetrating.

Fig: 1.1 Drilling machine

Some of the most popularly used machines include the rock drilling
machine, handheld rock drilling machine, radial drilling machine, core drilling
machine, horizontal direction drilling machine, magnetic drilling machine, all

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geared drilling machine, heavy duty all geared precision radial drilling machine
and all types of heavy duty drilling machine and pillar drilling machine.

The radial drilling machines India manufactured here are known for their
precision, accuracy and efficiency. Radial drilling machines come in varying
dimensions of drill head, base plate and capacity. These are designed to meet
the most exacting requirements of engineering and allied operations and utility.
They ensure smooth rotation of column and avoid angular deflection of drill
holder axis.

The horizontal direction drilling machine can be used in re-entry, drain

hole, bore hole surveying, and trench less construction, micro tunneling & river
crossing. These machines are rugged, reliable and accurate. When it comes to
underground installation of gas, electric, water, and telecommunication or soil
remediation lines, without excavation or trenching, the horizontal direction
drilling machine is extremely useful.

It ensures minimal or no environmental disruption and is always a

preferred choice for installations in diverse rock and soil conditions.

The all geared drilling machine India comes in varying capacities ranging
from 40mm to 75mm and the drilling radius ranges from 1050mm to 1950mm.
The bearing, shafts and main assemblies are force lubricated and the Gears are
Induction Hardened and the Drill holder is Hardened and Ground. The machine
castings strictly conform to different grades of IS: 210 and accuracy standards.
It allows for centralized operations due to Electric Control Panel with Inching
arrangement. And the drill holder and arm are provided with Centralized
Locking Arrangement. The Heavy Duty All Geared Precision Radial Drilling
Machine comes in several models and one can go for the machine that best suits
their needs. The arm swivel features and drill holder speed are exemplary.

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These drilling machines have the highest degree of accuracy due to kind of
quality control that it is maintained.

The capacity, drill holder and working range of the pillar drilling
machines are one of a kind due to the exactitude in measurement. There are
available in different thickness and sizes and can drill large pieces of materials
and produce large holes. These machines are immensely popular with
workshop, garages, automotive industries etc.

 It is the simplest and accurate machine used in production shop.

 The work piece is held stationary ie. Clamped in position and the drill
rotates to make a hole.

1.4.1 TYPES

1) Based on construction:

Portable,

Sensitive,

Radial,

Up-right,

Gang,

Multi-drill holder

2) Based on Feed:

Hand driven

Power driven

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1.4.2 COMPONENTS OF DRILLING MACHINE

A) Drill holder

The drill holder holds the drill or cutting tools and revolves in a fixed
position in a sleeve.

B) Sleeve

The sleeve or quill assembly does not revolve but may slide in its bearing
in a direction parallel to its axis. When the sleeve carrying the drill holder with a
cutting tool is lowered, the cutting tool is fed into the work: and when it’s
moved upward, the cutting tool is withdrawn from the work. Feed pressure
applied to the sleeve by hand or power causes the revolving drill to cut its way
into the work a fraction of an mm per revolution.

C) Column

The column is cylindrical in shape and built rugged and solid. The
column supports the head and the sleeve or quill assembly.

D) Head

The head of the drilling machine is composed of the sleeve, a drill holder,
an electric motor and feed mechanism. The head is bolted to the column.

E) Worktable

The worktable is supported on an arm mounted to the column. The

worktable can be adjusted vertically to accommodate different heights of work
or it can be swung completely out of the way. It may be tilted up to 90 degree in
either direction, to allow long pieces to be end or angle drilled.

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F) Base

The base of the drilling machine supports the entire machine and when
bolted to the floor, provides for vibration-free operation and best machining
accuracy. The top of the base is similar to the worktable and may be equipped
with t- slot for mounting work too larger for the table.

G) Hand Feed

The hand- feed drilling machines are the simplest and most common type
of drilling machines in use today. These are light duty machine that are operated
by the operator, using a feed handled, so that the operator is able to “feel” the
action of the cutting tool as it cuts through the work piece. These drilling
machines can be bench or floor mounted.

H) Power feed

The power feed drilling machine are usually larger and heavier than the
hand feed ones they are equipped with the ability to feed the cutting tool in to
the work automatically, at preset depth of cut per revolution of the drill holder
these machines are used in maintenance for medium duty work or the work that
uses large drills that require power feed larger work pieces are usually clamped
directly to the table or base using t –bolts and clamps by a small work places are
held in a vise.

1.5 SENSITIVE OR BENCH DRILLING MACHINE

 This type of drill machine is used for very light works. Fig.1 illustrates
the sketch of sensitive drilling machine.

 The vertical column carries a swiveling table the height of which can be
adjusted according to the work piece height.

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  The table can also be swung to any desired position.

 At the top of the column there are two pulleys connected by a belt, one
pulley is mounted on the motor shaft and other on the machine drill
holder.

 Vertical movement to the drill holder is given by the feed handle by the
operator.

 Operator senses the cutting action so sensitive drilling machine.

 Drill holes from 1.5 to 15mm

Fig: 1.2 Sensitive Drilling Machine

1.6 UP-RIGHT DRILLING MACHINE

 These are medium heavy duty machines.

 It specifically differs from sensitive drill in its weight, rigidity,

application of power feed and wider range of drill holder speed. Fig.2
shows the line sketch of up-right drilling machine.

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  This machine usually has a gear driven mechanism for different drill
holder speed and an automatic or power feed device.

 Table can move vertically and radially.

 Drill holes up to 50mm

Fig: 1.3 Up-Right Drilling Machine

1.7 RADIAL DRILLING MACHINE

 It the largest and most versatile used for drilling medium to large and
heavy work pieces.

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 Radial drilling machine belong to power feed type. The column and radial
drilling machine supports the radial arm, drill head and motor.

Fig: 1.4 Radial Drilling Machine

 The radial arm slides up and down on the column with the help of
elevating screw provided on the side of the column, which is driven by a
motor.

 The drill head is mounted on the radial arm and moves on the guide ways
provided the radial arm can also be swiveled around the column.

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 The drill head is equipped with a separate motor to drive the drill holder,
which carries the drill bit. A drill head may be moved on the arm
manually or by power.

 Feed can be either manual or automatic with reversal mechanism.

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1.8 DRILL BIT MATERIALS

The two most common types are

1. HSS drill

- Low cost

2. Carbide- tipped drills

- high production and in CNC machines

OTHER TYPES ARE

Solid Carbide drill, TiN coated drills, carbide coated masonry drills,
parabolic drills, split point drill. Fig.4 shows various types of drills

Drilling And Drills

Types of drills
– Twist drill: most
common drill
– Step drill:
produces holes
of two or more
different
diameters
– Core drill: used
to make an
existing hole
bigger

Fig: 1.5 Various types of drill

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1.9 DRILL FIXED TO THE DRILL HOLDER

Fig: 1.6 Drill fixed to a drill holder

1.10 TOOL NOMENCLATURE

Fig: 1.7 Nomenclature of twist drill

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LITERATURE REVIEW

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 CHAPTER-2

LITERATURE REVIEW
et al. (2008) performed drilling experiments on carbon fiber resin
reinforced composite plate with cemented carbide drill and found that the thrust
force can be decreased efficiently by increasing the rotation speed or decreasing
the feed amount per revolution of the drill. It has been seen that the machining
quality is greatly improved by increasing the drilling speed from 1500 rpm to
3000 rpm. 29 Malhotra (1990), while drilling CFRP composites, found that the
thrust force and torque decrease as the speed is increased from 500 rpm to 1250
rpm indicating that it is better to use higher speeds in drilling CFRP with High
Speed Steel (HSS) drills. Thrust force and torque increase as the feed is
increased from 0.05 mm/rev to 0.19 mm/rev for both CFRP and GFRP
materials.

Lin and Chen (1996) performed high speed drilling of CFRP laminates
using tungsten carbide twist drill and multifacet drill and found that as they
increased the spindle speed from 9550 rpm to 40,000 rpm (Ø7 mm) both thrust
force and torque increased. Although tools are worn out quickly and the thrust
force increases drastically as cutting speed increases, an acceptable whole entry
and exit quality is maintained. This is because relatively small feed rates are
used in these tests.

Tsao (2008b) conducted experiments on drilling CFRP composites using

step core drills and found that the thrust force decreases significantly with an
increase in spindle speed from 800 to 1200 rpm. The thrust force of various
step-core drills increases with decrease in diameter ratio and increase in feed
rate. Tsao and Hocheng (2007a) carried out drilling experiments on CFRP
laminates using core drill 10mm in diameter plated with diamond at front end
and twist drill. They found that the grit size and feed rate are the main

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parameters among the four control factors of drill thickness, grit size, feed rate
and spindle speed that influence the thrust force. The thrust force of core drill
and twist drill increases with increase in feed rate. The effect of spindle speed
was relatively insignificant.

30 Dharan and Won (2000) conducted drilling experiments in CFRP

laminates of 9.9mm thickness using tipped carbide twist drill and found that as
feed rate is increased from 100mm/min to 1000mm/min, the thrust force and
torque also increased. Fernandes and Cook (2006) performed an experimental
study on drilling carbon composites using a special type of drill tool known as
one shot drill and found that higher the feed, bigger the effect of tool wear on
thrust force. The maximum thrust force increased with feed and number of
holes drilled. But this increase is not consistent for all feeds used. For lower
feeds, the thrust force increases only slightly due to tool wear, while for the
higher feeds the thrust force doubled.

Shyha et al. (2009), while drilling CFRP laminates, found that the feed
rate is one of the main contributing factors for tool life and feed rate had the
most significant effect on torque. Torque increased with increase in feed rate. At
higher feed rate, thrust force reduced when stepped drill is employed for drilling
CFRP laminates due to lack of interaction between the chisel edge and
workpiece material.

Won and Dharan (2002), while drilling aramid/epoxy laminates and

carbon/epoxy laminates, found that carbon/epoxy laminates exhibit higher
thrust force as the feed increases and aramid/epoxy laminates exhibit lower
thrust force as the feed increases. The reason is the carbon fiber/epoxy
laminates is harder than the Aramid fiber/epoxy laminates. Sardinas et al.
(2006) performed drilling trials on CFRP composite laminates and found that as
the cutting speed increased from 30m/min to 50m/min the thrust force decreases

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WORKING METHODOLOGY

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 CHAPTER 3
WORKING METHODOLOGY

EXISTING
METHODS

PROPOSED
METHOD

DESIGN

COMPONENTS
SELECTION

ASSEMBLY

WORKING
AND
OUTPUT

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3.1 COMPONENTS USED

 GEARS

 MOTOR

 TOOL HOLDING DEVICES

 DRILLING

 VICE

 STRUCTURE

 KEY WAT ATTACHMENT TOOL

3.2 SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE

Objective of our project is single spindle having drilling attachment in

keyway attachment. it will helps to increase productivity in manufacturing

industries.

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COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

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 CHAPTER-4

COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

4.1 GEAR
An intermediate gear which does not drive a shaft to perform any work is
called an idler gear. Sometimes, a single idler gear is used to reverse the
direction, in which case it may be referred to as a reverse idler. For instance, the
typical automobile manual transmission engages reverse gear by means of
inserting a reverse idler between two gears.

Fig 4.1 Gears

Idler gears can also transmit rotation among distant shafts in situations
where it would be impractical to simply make the distant gears larger to bring
them together. Not only do larger gears occupy more space, the mass and
rotational inertia (moment of inertia) of a gear is proportional to the square of its
radius. Instead of idler gears, a toothed belt or chain can be used to
transmit torque over distance.
The intermediate gear provides spacing but does not affect the gear ratio.
For this reason it is called an idler gear. The same gear ratio is obtained for a
sequence of idler gears and hence an idler gear is used to provide the same
direction to rotate the driver and driven gear, if the driver gear moves in

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clockwise direction, then the driven gear also moves in the clockwise direction
with the help of the idler gear.
Assuming that in the photo the smallest gear is connected to the motor, it
is the driver gear. The somewhat larger gear on the upper left is called
an idler gear. It is not connected directly to either the motor or the output shaft
and only transmits power between the input and output gears. There is a third
gear in the upper-right corner of the photo. Assuming that that gear is connected
to the machine's output shaft, it is the output or driven gear.

4.2 MOTORS
There are 2 kinds of motors, AC motors and DC motors. In this course,
we are going to focus on DC motors only. So, the following discussions focus
mainly on DC motors. There are several kinds of DC motors, examples are
stepper motors, servos, brushed/brush-less motors. Stepper motors: The inputs
of a stepper motor are signal pulses and the shaft of stepper motor moves
between discrete positions proportional to pulses. If the load of the motor is not
too great, open-loop control is usually used to control the motor. Stepper motors
are used in disk drive head positioning, plotters, and numerous other
applications. Servo motors: The input of a servo motor is a voltage value and
the output shaft of the servo motor is commanded to a particular angular
position according to the input voltage. Servo motors are used in radio control
airplanes to control the position of wing flaps and similar devices. DC motors:
The input of a DC motor is current/voltage and its output is torque (speed)

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 Fig: 4.2 Motor
4.2.1 Motor Works
Let's consider a permanent magnet brushed motor. The piece connected
to the ground is called the stator and the piece connected to the output shaft is
called the rotor. The inputs of the motor are connected to 2 wires and by
applying a voltage across them, the motor turns. The torque of a motor is
generated by a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field. The right hand
rule states that if you point your right hand fingers along the direction of
current, I, and curl them towards the direction of the magnetic flux, B, the
direction of force is along the thumb.
4.2.2 Description of DC motor
An electric motor is a machine which converts electrical energy to
mechanical energy. Its action is based on the principle that when a current-
carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a magnetic
force whose direction is given by Fleming’s left hand rule. When a motor is in
operation, it develops torque. This torque can produce mechanical rotation.
DC motors are also like generators classified into shunt wound or series
wound or compound wound motors. Fleming’s Left Hand Rule, Keep the force
finger, middle finger and thumb of the left hand mutually perpendicular to
one another. If the fore finger indicates the direction of magnetic field and

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middle finger indicates direction of current in the conductor, then the thumb
indicates the direction of the motion of conductor.

Fig 4.3 Fleming’s Left Hand Rule

4.2.3 Principle of Operation of DC Motor

A uniform magnetic field in which a straight conductor carrying no
current is placed, the conductor is perpendicular to the direction of the
magnetic field. The conductor is shown as carrying a current away from the
viewer, but the field due to the N and S poles has been removed. There is
no movement of the conductor during the above two conditions. When the
current carrying conductor is placed in the magnetic field, the field due to the
current in the conductor supports the main field above the conductor, but
opposes the main field below the conductor.
4.2.4 Conductor
Movement of Conductor
Reduce the flux density in the region directly below the conductor. It is
found that a force acts on the conductor, trying to push the conductor
downwards as shown by the arrow. If the current in the conductor is reversed,
the strengthening of flux lines occurs below the conductor, and the conductor
will be pushed upwards.

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 S

Magnetic flux
Current carrying Conductor
Fig: 4.4 Movement of Conductor
4.2.5 Principle of DC Motor
Now consider a single turn coil carrying a current. In view of the
reasons given above, the side of the coil will be forced to move downwards,
whereas the other side will be forced to move upwards. The forces acting on
both the coil sides will be of same magnitude. But their direction is opposite
to one another. As the coil is wound on the armature core which is
supported by the bearings, the armature will now rotate. The commutator
periodically reverses the direction of current flow through the armature.
Therefore the armature will have a continuous rotation. A simplified model of
such a motor is shown. The conductors are wound over a soft iron core. DC
supply is given to the field poles for producing flux. The conductors are
connected to the DC supply through brushes. A simple 2-pole DC electric
motor has 6 parts, as shown in the diagram below.
 An armature or rotor
 A commutator
 Brushes
 An axle
 A field magnet
 A DC power supply of some sort

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 Fig: 4.5 Principle of motor
Operation of an Electric Motor
An electric motor is all about magnets and magnetism:
 A motor uses magnets to create motion.

 Opposites attract and likes repel.

So if there are 2 bar magnets with their ends marked north and south,
then the North end of one magnet will attract the South end of the other. On
the other hand, the North end of one magnet will repel the North end of the
other (and similarly south will repel south). Inside an electric motor these
attracting and repelling forces create rotational motion. In the diagram above,
you can see two magnets in the motor, the armature (or rotor) is an
electromagnet, while the field magnet is a permanent magnet (the field
magnet could be an electromagnet as well, but in most small motors it is not
to save power).

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4.3 TOOL HOLDING DEVICES

The different work holding and drill drift device. The different methods
used for holding drill in a drill holder are

 By directly fitting in the drill holder hole.

 By using drill sleeve

 By using drill socket

 By using drill chuck.

Fig: 4.6 Drill Bit Holder

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4.4 DRILLING OPERATIONS

Operations that can be performed in a drilling machine are

 Drilling

 Reaming

 Boring

 Counter boring

 Countersinking

 Tapping.

Drilling:

It is an operation by which holes are produced in solid metal by means of

revolving tool called ‘Drill’.

Reaming:

Reaming is accurate way of sizing and finishing the pre-existing hole.

Multi tooth cutting tool. Accuracy of ±0.005mm can be achieved

Boring:

Boring is a process of enlarging an existing hole by a single point cutting

tool. Boring operation is often preferred because we can correct hole size, or
alignment and can produce smooth finish. Boring tool is held in the boring bar
which has the shank. Accuracy of ±0.005mm can be achieved.

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 Fig: 4.7 various operations on drilling machine

Counter Bore:-

This operation uses a pilot to guide the cutting action to accommodate the
heads of bolts. Fig. 10 illustrates the counter boring, countersunk and spot
facing processes.

Countersink:-

Special angled cone shaped enlargement at the end of the hole to

accommodate the screws. Cone angles of 60°, 82°, 90°, 100°, 110°, 120°

Tapping:-

Tapping is the process by which internal threads are formed. It is

performed either by hand or by machine. Minor diameter of the thread is drilled
and then tapping is done. Fig. 11 show the tapping processes.

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 Fig: 4.8 Hand taps and tapping process using tap wrench

Fig: 4.9 Various Operations Performed On Drilling Machine

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4.5 VICE

Machine Table Vice

The machine vice is equipped with jaws which clamps the work piece.
The vice can be bolted to the drilling table or the tail can be swung around
swung around. Fig 4.10 shows the standard and swivel vice.

The swivel vice is a machine wise that can be swivel through 360° on a
horizontal plane.

Fig: 4.10 Machine table vice

1. Step Blocks
These are built to allow height adjustment for mounting the drilling jobs
and are used with strap clamps and long T-slot bolts.
2. Clamps
These are small, portable vises , which bears against the work piece
and holding devices. Common types of clamps are C-clamp, Parallel clamp,
machine strap clamp, U-clamp etc.. Fig. 14 shows the correct and incorrect
methods of mounting the work piece.

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 Fig: 4.11 Correct and incorrect methods of clamping the work
piece.

3. V-Blocks
These are designed to hold round work pieces.

4. Angles
Angle plates are made in a 90°angle with slots and bolt holes for
securing work to the table.

5. Jigs
The jig guides the drill through a bushing to locate and drill holes
accurately.

6. T- Slots Bolt
These are special bolts which has a T shaped head, which slides
into the T slots of drilling machine work table.

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4.6 STRUCUTRE

Structural steel is a category of steel used as a construction material for

making structural steel shapes. A structural steel shape is a profile, formed with
a specific cross section and following certain standards for chemical
composition and mechanical properties. Structural steel shapes, sizes,
composition, strengths, storage practices, etc., are regulated by standards in
most industrialized countries.

Fig: 4.12 Frame

Structural steel members, such as I-beams, have high second moments of

area, which allow them to be very stiff in respect to their cross-sectional area.

COMMON STRUCTURE

The shapes available are described in many published standards worldwide,

and a number of specialist and proprietary cross sections are also available.

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 Fig: 4.13 L-angle

A steel I-beam, in this case used to support timber joists in a house

 I-beam (I-shaped cross-section - in Britain these include Universal

Beams (UB) and Universal Columns (UC); in Europe it includes the
IPE, HE, HL, HD and other sections; in the US it includes Wide
Flange (WF or W-Shape) and H sections)

 Z-Shape (half a flange in opposite directions)

 HSS-Shape (Hollow structural section also known as SHS (structural

hollow section) and including square, rectangular, circular (pipe)
and elliptical cross sections)

 Angle (L-shaped cross-section)

 Structural channel, or C-beam, or C cross-section

 Tee (T-shaped cross-section)

 Rail profile (asymmetrical I-beam)

While many sections are made by hot or cold rolling, others are made

by welding together flat or bent plates (for example, the largest circular hollow
sections are made from flat plate bent into a circle and seam-welded).
36
WORKING PRINCIPLE

37
 CHAPTER-5

WORKING PRINCIPLE

To obtain a hole of desired shape, first the maximum size of hole that can be
inscribed in it is drilled using a conventional drill bit. Now without changing the
job and spindle settings, the taper shank of shaft is introduced into the spindle.
When spindle rotates the shaft receives the drive and transmits it to the sleeve.
The other end of the sleeve is connected to the main shaft which is made up of
mild steel 15 mm shaft. The bevel gear and cam mechanism is used to transfer
the rotary motion in to the reciprocating motion.

 Drilling Machine with Keyway Attachment machine consists of D.C

Motor, gears, frame, base, vice and hand lever.
 Here motor is fixed vertically with gears arrangements. The vice is places
in front of the motor shaft to hold work piece without moving.
 Drill bit is fixed with the gears to makes rotation with respectively to
motor speed.

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 These drill bits are moves to making drilling process. Here we using more
than one drill bits to make many drilling process at a same time.
 Frame is to hold all the components then help to make drilling process.
 Here we using bevel gear to transmit power one drill bit to cam shaft.
 Here cam shaft help to rotary motion convert to linier motion.
 In this shaft keyway attachment tool fixed for key way cutting process.

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 ADVANTAGES

&

APPLICATIONS

CHAPTER-6

ADVATAGES & APPLICATIONS

6.1 ADVANTAGES:

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 To makes more drilling and keyway process in a same time
 Reduce the cost of production
 No pollution occurs
 Reduce time

6.2 APPLICATION:

 Suitable for all fabrication industries where using drilling machines

 Large work piece can be drilled easily

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 CONCLUSION

CHAPTER-7

CONCLUSION

This project work has provided us an excellent opportunity and

experience, to use our limited knowledge. We gained a lot of practical
knowledge regarding, planning, purchasing, computing and machining while
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doing this project work. We feel that the project work is a good solution to
bridge the gates between institution and industries. We are proud that we have
completed the work with the limited time successfully. The Solar Air dryer is
working with satisfactory conditions. We are able to understand the difficulties
in maintaining the tolerances and also quality. We have done to our ability and
skill making maximum use of available facilities. In conclusion remarks of our
project work, let us add a few more lines about our impression project work.
The chief advantage of our system is that, simple portable type low cost slotting
attachment in drilling machine when compared to other machines which are
available in market. Operating principle of this machine is also very easy.

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 REFERENCE

 Dr. Manfred Storr, “Important facts about spark erosion”, Oelheld,

innovative fluid technology, HUTEC, 2007.

 Ernest J. Allen, “Drill Slotter”, Specification of Letters Patent, 1919.

 R.Maguteeswaran, M.Dineshkumar, et al “Fabrication of Multi Process

Machine” The International Journal of Research in Aeronautical and
Mechanical Engineering. pp. 105-111, 2014.

 Thomas Schaller, Klaus Schubert, “Micromachining by CNC Slotting

using a Steered Tool”.

 Thomas Schaller, Klaus Schubert, “Micromachining by CNC Slotting

using a Steered Tool”

 V B Bhandari, “Design of Machine Elements”, Third Edition, 2013, pg.

730-745.

 Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur, “Lesson 18: Kinematic system and

operations of drilling machines”, General Purpose Machine Tools.

 Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur, “Lesson 20: Construction, working

principle and applications of shaping, planning and slotting machines.”
General Purpose Machine Tools.

 Wen-Hsiang Hsieh and Chia-Heng Tsai, ” A Study On A Novel Quick

Return Mechanism”,

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 Hywel Murrell,1982,”Ergonomics Man in his working Environment”
Chapman and Hall

 Mustafa pulat,1992,”Fundamentals of Industrial Ergonomics”,prentic

Hall Inc.,

 Design data by P.S.G COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY,1968,Kalaikathur

Achagam

 T.V.Sundararaja Moorthy, N.Shanmugam, 1972, “Machine Design”

M.Sethuraman, Anuradha Agencies

 Jigs and fixtures by P.H. Joshi

 Machine tools by S.K.Hajra Choudry

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