16 TRANSITION CURVE : 4,61 Introduction : (G.T.U., Dec. 2009, 2010, 2011, Sum.2013, Sum. 2014) A transition curve is a horizontal curve of varying radius. ‘Whe radius of such a curve varies from infinity to a certain fixed value. The transition curve provides a gradual change from the straight line to the circular curve and again from the circular curve to the straight line. A transition curve is provided on both ends of a circular curve. The curvature varies from zero at the tangent point to a definite value just at the junction with the circular curve. A transition curve js also provided between two branches of a compound curve or a reverse curve so that the changes in curvature are gradual. ‘Transi- tion curves are provided in railway tracks to ensure safe running cf trains. Transition curves are required on roads and railways to lessen discomfort at the sudden change in curvature at the junction of a straight line and a curve. On railways, transition curves are used invariably. On highways, they are seldom used. 46.2 Advantages of a transition curve : (G.T.U., Dec.2009, 2011 May 2011, Winter 2013) The transition curve has the following main advantages. 1, To avoid overturning of the train. It reduces the chances of overturning of the vehicles at the junctions of the straight and the curve. | . 2. The chances of side slipping of the vehicles and the derailment of trains are also reduced considerably. 3. It provides comfort to the passengers while vehicles negotiating a curve. 4, The superelevation is introduced gradually in proportion to the rate of change of curvature. 5. It permits higher speeds at curves. 6. It reduces the wear and tear of rail section due to unusual friction at point of turning. 7. Tt has lower rate of change of curvature whi for heavy vehicles. ich is an advantageO_O 4.6.3 Requirements of a transition curve. (Fig. 4.33) (G.LU,, Dee. 2010, May 2011, Dee. 2011, Summey 94 13) Circular curve Transition curve Transition curve Fig. 4.33 ‘A transition curve introduced between tangent and the circular curve should satisfy the following conditions : 1. It should be tangential to the straight, and meet the circular curve also tangentially at the junction. 2. Its curvature should be zero (R = infinity) at the origin on tangent. 3, - Its curvature should be equal to that of the circular curve at the junction with the circular curve. 4, The rate of increase of curvature along the transition curve should be equal to the rate of increase of superelevation. ‘The length of the transition curve shoul Te eration is attained at the ance eeauantiet fl east