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GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA

UNIVERSITY
GURU NANAK COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
B.ED PROGRAMME
ACADEMIC SESSION: 2016-18

Student’s Name:​ ​SURBHI DHINGRA


Roll No.:​ ​40812902116
Teacher Incharge:​ ​Ms. Rita Chowdhury
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I owe a great many thanks to a great many 
people who helped and supported me during the making 
of this file. 
 
My deepest thanks to Lecturer, Ms. Rita 
Chowdhury, the Guide of the file, for guiding and 
correcting my various documents with attention and 
care. She has taken pain to go through the file and make 
necessary corrections as and when needed. 
 
I express my thanks to the Principal of Guru 
Nanak College of Education, Punjabi Bagh for 
extending her support. 
 
I would like to mention a special thank you to the subject 
of the case, his mother and his school teachers for 
co-operating with me during my interviews and 
otherwise.  
 
 
I would also like to thank my family and friends 
without whom this file would have been a distant 
reality. 

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S.N0. CONTENTS PAGE NO.

1. Acknowledgement 1 
2. Index 2-3 
3. Section I:Identification of the 4 – 19 
Case
4. a. Outline of the Case 6 

5. b. Identification of the Case 7 – 8 

6. c. Statement of the Problem 9 

7. d. Reasons for choosing the 10 


Case

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8. e. Symptoms of the Case 11 – 15 

9. ● Behavioral 12 

10. ● Cognitive 13 

11. ● Physical 14 

12. ● Psychological 15 

13. f. Causes of disruptive 16 – 19 


behavior
14. ectionII: Data Collection and 20 - 31 
Interpretation
15. ● Tools used for data 22 
collection
16. i. Interview with the child 22– 23 
and Interpretation
17. ii. Interview with parents 24 – 25 
and Interpretations
18. iii. Observation Schedule 26 – 30 

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19. Section III: Steps taken for 31 – 32 
the improvement of the Case
20. ● Conversation with 32 
parents and remedial
measures, etc.
21. Section IV: Suggestions for 33 – 36 
the improvement of Subject
22. ● To the Parents 34– 35 

23. ● To the Subject 36 

24. Conclusion 37 – 49 


25. Appendices 40 – 46 

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Section I -

Identification of
the Case
❖ Outline of the Case 
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1. ​Name :​ ​Raj Kumar
2. ​Class :​ ​XI-D
3. ​Sex :​ ​Male
4. ​Fathers Name :​ ​Updesh Kumar
5. ​Address :​ ​H-21, Nihal Vihar, Delhi
6. ​Age :​ ​12 Years
7. Name of School :​ ​Govt. Boys Sec School,
Ambica Vihar, New Delhi.
8. ​Occupation Of Parent :​ ​House Maid
9. ​Monthly Income :​ ​8000/-
10. D.O.B :​ ​21-04-2002

❖ Identification of the 
case 
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(how and why you selected the case) 
 
I chose my subject- Raj Kumar for my case study because of his
variations in his mood and behavior. I have been teaching Raj
Kumar from past two years. He belongs to a semi- urban class
and has a low socio- economic background. He has a single
parent and his mother is a house maid. He has three siblings.
After the separation of his parents, he showed increase in the
various changes of his own behavior and lifestyle. He has an
over-active, inattentive and disruptive behavior. The subject’s
family and friends too have noticed the change. The subject’s
teacher also mentions the problems that she faces in the
classroom with him. The subject often would impulsively hit
other children, knock things off their desk, erase material on the
blackboard, damage books and other school property. He seems
to be in perpetual motion, talking, moving about, and darting
from one area of the classroom to another. He demands an
inordinate amount of attention from his parents, siblings and
teachers. He even gets intensively jealous of other children.
Despite his hyperactive and attention deficit behavior, his school
academic performance is also a major thing to be considered as
it is mostly affected by his behavior only. He is only above
average in intelligence. He sometimes acts stupid and even
restless.

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Since I have been teaching Raj Kumar from past two years, I
have been noticing drastic changes in his behavior and body
language. All the above mentioned symptoms have also been an
issue while teaching as it has been affecting my subject’s
academic performance too. Therefore, Raj Kumar’s disruptive
behavioral changes have brought hundreds of questions into my
mind. And hence, I choose ​Raj Kumar​ ​as the ​subject​ ​of my
case study.

❖ Statement of the 
problem 

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TO STUDY THE DISRUPTIVE 
BEHAVIOR IN A CHILD. 
 

 
❖ Reasons for 
choosing the case 
● The subject shows various ​mood swings​ ​and​ ​behavioral
changes​ ​from time to time.
● The subject gets ​distracted​ ​very easily.
● The subject’s ​attention gets diverted​ ​at once when he
sees a new or an attractive thing or at the third person’s
presence.

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● The subject tends to focus on ​unnecessary things​ ​except
the task assigned to him or studying.
● The subject tends to ​talk excessively​ ​at often times on
irrelevant topics and issues.
● The subject is ​too aggressive.
● The subject ​argues a lot​ ​as he thinks that no one listens
to him.
● He​ ​blurts out answers​ ​and​ ​interrupts others​.
● The subject’s ​restlessness​ ​causes difficulty in sitting
patiently and his overall body posture. He gets bored
very easily.
● The subject ​doesn’t follow directions​ ​or ​finishes the
tasks​.
● The subject often ​forgets about daily activities​ ​and
loses things.

❖ Symptoms of 
the Case 
 

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1) Behavioral
Symptoms
▪ Offending behavior  
▪ Violent  
▪ Inattentive   
▪ Extremely impatient  
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▪ Is always “on the go” as if “driven 
by a motor” 
▪ Interrupt or intrude on others  
▪ Easily distracted 
▪ Lacks attention  
▪ Doesn’t seems to listen when 
spoken to  
▪ Full of anxiety 
▪ Mood swings and boredom  
 
 
 

2) Cognitive Symptoms

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▪ Doesn’t pay attention & makes 
careless mistakes  
▪ Forgets about daily activities  
▪ Trouble in controlling anger  
▪ Trouble in concentration  
▪ Trouble in waiting for his turn  
▪ Tends to daydream and 
Procrastinating 
▪ Often loses things  
▪ Impulsiveness  
▪ Low self-esteem and confidence  

3) Physical Symptoms
 

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▪ Has problems in organizing daily task 
▪ Doesn’t like to do things that require 
sitting still 
▪ Often squirms, fidgets, or bounces when 
sitting 
▪ Is always moving such as running or 
climbing on things 
▪ Unable to play or engage in hobbies 
quietly 
▪ Restlessness 
▪ Slow motor development 
▪ Compulsively eating 

4) Psychological
Symptoms
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▪ Less social interaction with the peers  
▪ Issues regarding relationship with 
family and friends  
▪ Increase of mind stress due to 
problems in family, studies, 
environment etc.  
▪ Needs continuous attention  
▪ Feels isolated and neglected most of 
the time  
▪ Feels that he is low/ lesser from 
everyone/ everything  
▪ Brain is involved in one or more things 
(mostly irrelevant things ) 
▪ Easily affected by other’s comments or 
actions  
❖ Causes for disruptive 
behavior 

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(In General) 
 
Disruptive behavioral disorders​ ​are the most common
reasons that parents are told to take their kids for mental health
assessments and treatment. If left untreated in childhood, these
disorders can negatively affect a person’s ability to hold a job
and maintain relationships.

The development of disruptive behavior disorders are a result of


a variety of contributing factors including​ ​genetic,​ ​ ​physical
and​ ​environmental​ ​components. The following are the
examples of what these factors might include: 

A. Genetic :

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Children with such disruptive behavior typically have family
members who also refer from some form of mental illness,
including mood disorders, personality disorders and anxiety
disorders. This indicates that there is most likely a genetic
component that leads kids to become more susceptible to
developing and portraying such disruptive symptoms.

B. Physical:

✔ Imbalances in the brain’s frontal lobe have been


hypothesized to affect the children on the onset of
behavioral disorders. This frontal lobe is responsible for
regulating people’s emotions, and if they are imbalanced,
the result is impairment in their ability to communicate
properly. This communication dysfunction can lead to
disruptive symptoms in humans.
✔Children who were born of low birth weight or those
suffered neurological damage are at a greater risk for
developing disruptive behavioral disorders.
c. Environmental​:

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The environment that children grow up in can have an immense
impact on whether or not they develop the behavioral patterns
that are said to be disruptive. If children are surrounded by a
chaotic home life, they may begin to act out simply because it
allows them to have something that they can control since they
have no power over the chaos around them. Similarly, children
who are raised without any form of appropriate discipline and
whose parents tend to be more absent than cannot experience
major impacts on the ways in which they begin to behave.
Atypical mother-child interaction at the time of birth has also
been theorized to have an effect on the onset of behavioral
disorders.

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SPECIFIC WITH RESPECT 
TO THE CHILD- 
 
▪ Genetics:​ ​Studies show that DBD runs in families
with greater frequency than in the general population. Twin
studies have attributed about 80 percent of DBD to genes
though estimates vary. Researchers also have explored the
contribution of specific genes. A recent large-scale study
demonstrated that many genes are involved in DBD. The
subject’s great grandmother suffered from a personality
disorder.

▪ Environment​:​ ​The maternal environment might


increase the risk for DBD, including smoking during
pregnancy (in an already genetically susceptible child), low
birth weight and mom’s mental health. The subject’s
mother used to smoke cigarettes during her pregnancy.

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Sections II- Data
Collection and
Interpretation

✔ Tools used for data


interpretation

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The various tools used during the data collection for the
case study are:

● Observations:​ ​to observe and note down the various


activities, behavioral changes and symptoms of the
subject.
● Interview: 
(A) To get the basic information from the subject and his
parents; and make the subject and his parents
comfortable with the scenario of the data collection.
(B) ​To know the past, family history, reasons regarding
the subject’s behavior for the in-depth study of the
case.

● T REPORT CARD
​ he​ ​ ​ ​of the subject has also been
attached in the appendices of the case study. It shows the
poor academic performance of the subject. The reasons
according to the observer for the subject’s consistent low
grades are ​lack of c​ oncentration and attention​ ​while
studying.

Interview with the child and 


interpretation 

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(A) Being a participant observer, the subject was asked basic
questions from time to time during the observation. The
subject did answer those questions; but vaguely. Firstly,
the observer asked the subject about his basic details,
family background, likes and dislikes, school
environment, etc. The subject answered that he likes to
go to school but hates it when someone doesn’t listen to
him. He has been bullied too by his friends in the past.
When further asked, the subject replied that he didn’t
have many friends. He had three siblings and he was the
youngest of all. He wished to play with them but
somehow felt ignored and neglected. He used to feel
jealous of them as they had more importance for their
mother than him. He used to get rude to his siblings too
and would often shout at them and throw their things
away. He likes his mother very much but feels that she
has no time for him. Therefore, at times he would get
impatient with her and would also argue with her.

(B) After many interviews and observations with the subject,


the observer realized that the subject has no control over
his anger and actions. The subject’s aggressive nature is
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the major cause of his disruptive behavior. The subject
often feels neglected by his friends, siblings and most
importantly by his mother. This has made the subject
emotionally weak, as he is in constant need of attention
from his known ones. The subject has poor social skills
as he does not mingle well with his friends and siblings.
The subject also often feels demining about himself and
his economic status as his mother is a house maid and
earns very less. He too deals with a lot of stress and
tension which causes anxiety and hyperactivity in the
subject’s behavior. The subject does feel bad about his
rude and rageful behavior towards his mother but
ultimately accepts that he loses his temper easily. The
subject also lacks self-esteem and confidence.

Interview With Parents And 


Interpretation 

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(A) The mother of the subject was also interviewed by the
observer from time to time to know about the various
behavioral aspects of the subject. The mother of the
subject is a single parent and belongs to an economically
weaker section. Therefore she faces difficulty in raising
up her four children. She was asked about the basic details
while she was pregnant. She admitted that she smoked
cigarettes oftenly during her pregnancy. The mother was
also asked about the family history of the subject, where
she answered that the subject’s great grandmother
suffered from a personality disorder. On asking about
subject’s daily activities, the mother replied that the
subject was very aggressive and impatient. She got so
many complaints from the subject’s school teacher. She
added that the subject was too careless and forgetful. The
mother was not happy with the subject’s attitude towards
his friends and siblings. She feels that the subject does not
mingle well with them. She finds the subject too naughty
to study but is active otherwise.

(B) By the regular interviews from the subject’s mother, the


observer realized that the subject was careless and laziness
prevailed in his attitude. Aggression of the subject was the

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chief concern for the parent as well as the observer. The
observer also realized that the family history of the
subject’s great grandmother suffering from a personality
disorder could be one of the major reasons for the
subject’s disruptive and hyperactive behavior. The
observer also realized that the mother’s smoking of
cigarettes during her pregnancy might have affected the
subject in many ways, as it brings higher risks for
children. The subject in many ways as it brings higher
risks for disruptive behavior disorders for children. The
subject’s academic performance is also below average, as
he lacks concentration. But the subject loves to draw,
which shows that the subject is creative. The subject is not
socially active as he only demands attention from his
known ones. The subject’s motor development is also
slow as he has a short height. The observer notes that the
subject’s family environment is too stressful that has
forced the subject to behave in a certain way which is full
of anxiety.

Observation Schedule 
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I. OBSERVATION SCHEDULE I :

● Day :​ ​Saturday
● Date :​ ​6th​​ August 2016
● Time :​ ​5 pm
● Place :​ ​Tuition Class
● Duration :​ ​1 hour

While I was tutoring the subject, my uncle entered the room with a lot of
shopping bags and stationery material. The subject easily got distracted
by watching my uncle. While the other students looked at my uncle for
once, but then resumed to do their work. On the other hand, the subject
kept looking at my uncle for a longer period of time. His eyes were
constantly on the shopping bags and the stationery material that he
bought. I called the subject three times, but he did respond. And as I
shouted at him, he frowned. The subject did return to his work but could
not concentrate in his work for the rest of the time.

During my observation, being a participant observer, I noticed that the


subject gets easily distracted. He does not pay attention at all. The
subject continuously looks for some or the other thing. The subject’s
inattention​ ​caused by distraction through eternal stimuli became
my chief concern in regard to the case​.

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II. OBSERVATION SCHEDULE II :

● ​Day :​ ​Monday
● Date :​ ​8th​ ​August 2016
● Time :​ ​6 pm
● Place :​ ​Observer’s house
● Duration :​ ​2 hours

After the tuition class, the subject played with my younger


sister. They both played cricket. The subject wished to bat but
my sister was giving him the chance. The subject pleaded to my
sister was not giving him the chance. The subject pleaded to my
sister twice, but my sister was still not willing to do so. The
subject shouted at her and then later snatched the bat from my
sister’s hand and went to hit her. It was my grandmother who
intervened and stopped their fight; and took the bat from the
subject’s hand. The subject said that he did not wish to so such a
thing but it happened with him unconsciously.
Since I was present in this situation, I noticed that the subject’s
reaction was not conscious. The subject’s ​aggression​ is the
chief problem in him. The subject could not control his anger

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and therefore, reacted in such a manner. The subject tends to
react in such a way very oftenly.

III. OBSERVATION SCHEDULE III :

● ​Day :​ ​Friday
● Date :​ ​12​th ​August 2016
● Time :​ ​5 pm
● Place : ​Tuition class
● Duration :​ ​1 hour

On this day, the subject came for his tuition class with an empty
bag. He forgot to bring his books. When I asked him that didn’t
he feel that the bag was lighter while he coming for the class.
This subject stood still and gave no response. The subject stood
still and gave no response. The subject started looking here and
there as the other students were laughing at him for carelessness.
The subject then felt ashamed of himself as he thought that the
situation was very embarrassing for him.
During the observation, I noticed that the subject’s forgetting of
books while coming for a tuition class was something to be
thought of. After questioning from the subject’s mother, I got to
know that the subject ​oftenly forgets his daily activities

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and​ ​is
careless​. ​I also noticed that the subject has ​a low
self-esteem​ ​as he could not deal with such simple disturbing
situations​.

IV. OBSERVATION SCHEDULE IV :

● ​Day :​ ​Monday
● Date :​ ​15​th ​August 2016
● Time :​ ​12 pm
● Place : ​Playground
● Duration :​ ​20 minutes

After attending the class, all the students went home. The
subject too left for his house. But after ten minutes, I found that
the subject was sitting in the playground under the tree. I went
near the subject and asked him the reason for not going home.
The subject replied that he does not like going to his home
because he feels ignored there. He says that his mother does not
give him proper attention and his siblings make fun of him and
oftenly play without him only. He feels that his other siblings
get more love from his mother than him.
By listening to the subject’s thoughts, I observed that the subject
is in ​constant need of attention​ ​from his family
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members. The subject mostly ​feels ignored​ ​at his home. The
subject also tends to be ​jealous​ ​of his siblings as they are more
close to his mother than him.

V. OBSERVATION SCHEDULE V :

● ​Day :​ ​Wednesday
● Date :​ ​24​th ​August 2016
● Time :​ ​5 pm
● Place : ​Tuition Class
● Duration :​ ​1 hour 30 minutes

On this day, the subject was asked to learn a poem as his


homework which I explained him a day before. But when I
asked the subject to recite the poem, the subject could not do so.
I once again explained the poem to the subject and asked him to
learn it in front of me only, as I would ask him to recite it again
later. But he was still not doing it. When I scolded the subject
and asked him to go and sit alone to learn, and threatened him
by saying that I would complaint to his mother, the subject got
too rageful. The subject immediately got impatient and started to
crib, damage his books and tear papers from his notebooks.

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Being a participant observer, I realized that the subject’s
aggressive behavior​ ​has made the subject weak. The
subject​ ​has​ ​low tolerance level​ ​and​ ​gets easily
frustrated​. ​The subject’s​ ​highly impulsive behavior
was of chief concern for me in regard to the study of this case.

Section III- Steps


Taken For The
Improvement Of The
Case
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Conversation with parents and 
remedial measures, etc. 
 
● Providing personal attention to the subject by teaching him
separately.
● Advised the subject that he is not different from other children so
that he can study comfortably.
● Rewarding the subject every time he does the task well, to bring
confidence in him.
● Asking the mother to set up a partnership with the subject’s
teachers at the school to know the subject’s performance and
behavior in the school on daily basis.
● Asking the school teachers to give one instruction at a time and
repeat it, if necessary, for the better understanding for the subject.
● Work on the most difficult aspect early in the day, so that the
subject puts all his positive energy and fresh mind to it and learns
from it.
● Ask the teachers to use more of visual aids like charts, pictures,
blackboard diagrams, etc. for the subject as it is a better option of
memorizing in case of the subject.
● Ask the subject to make notes so that he can revise what all he has
learnt for the better academic performance.
● Ask the mother to provide the subject with a quiet and empty place
which has no distractions so that the subject can concentrate well.

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Section
IV-Suggestions
For The
Improvement Of
Subject
To the Parents 
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● Get the subject treated by :
a) Counselors.
b) Medications.

● Make sure that the therapy done by the counselors is


actually helping the subject.

● Parents were requested to keep track of subject’s behavior


and take care of all psychological & emotional needs.

● Expert child counselor should be consulted time to time for


better results. While school should also be informed
regarding the treatment so that subject can be handled
accordingly.

● The sooner the treatment for conduct disorder is started, the


more likely the subject will learn adaptive behaviors
and avoid potential complications.

● Change in lifestyle of the subject for behavioral


modifications.

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● To learn how to use a system of rewards to encourage the
subject to do better.

● Involve greatly in the subject’s everyday activities.

● Make the subject get engaged in group sessions, as they are


important because they allow them to practice those social
skills with other children of their age. Group can help
enhance positive social interactions, reinforce learned
coping skills, and provide subject and like subject, the
opportunity to practice appropriate ways to respond to real
life situations.

● Parents are also suggested not to compare the subject with


every other child as every child is special in their own way;
they just need to be better understood.

● Provide social-emotional skills training​ which will help


equip the subject with needed socio-emotional skills.
Through this type of therapy, he will learn how to
identify and manage emotions, learn how to get along
better with others, and learn strategies that will help
him make good decisions based on thinking instead
of on his emotions.

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To the Subject  

● Try and identify what distracts you the most. Find a


private study room so that nothing bothers you and you
can concentrate well.
● Break up your study time in chunks so that you can learn
and remember easily than only sitting for hours with an
inattentive mind.
● Prioritize your tasks for easy management of things. Set
realistic goals for their efficient achievement.
● Write down your stray thoughts to get your mind out of
them. It will make you feel relaxed and will allow the
mind to concentrate well on other important things.
● Talk to yourself aloud or others so that you can retain the
information better by talking through the concepts.
● Involve in some physical activity like walk in the
evening or any sport like cricket or football. It will take
out your frustration and anger; and will make your body
and mind relaxed from all the negative thoughts and
energies.

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Disruptive behavior disorders (DBD)​ ​are a group of


behavioral disorders in which there are patterns of ongoing

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uncooperative, defiant, and hostile behaviors toward authority figures
that seriously impact a child’s daily functioning. While some forms of
oppositional behavior is common among young children and teens,
children who have one of these disorders take this defiant behavior to
extremes and require professional help.

Through my two years of teaching experience with the subject and daily
observations, I seem to conclude that the subject suffers from a
disruptive behavior disorder named ​Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).​ ​All the above
observations, interviews and most importantly the symptoms, all support
my conclusion for the subject’s problem.

disorder​ ​marked by an ongoing pattern


Since​ ​ADHD​ ​is a​ ​brain
of ​inattention and/or hyperactivity – impulsivity
that interferes with functioning or development. It affects not only
children’s academic success but their social and family functioning as
well. Diagnoses of ADHD can be done in the primary care clinician’s
office with input from family and teachers. When properly diagnosed,
medication and behavioral treatments can provide a significant
improvement in a child’s ability to function.

The subject’s disruptive behavior is though challenging to handle, the


help offered to the subject will help in the subject’s development and
circumstances.

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It is important to focus on strengths and identifying any specific problem
areas of the subject. Involvement with the family and their support is
very important. Subject should never be compared with anyone, it
develops inferiority complex in them and they sometimes become
rebellious, as in our case.

Throughout my case study, I learned about various other symptoms and


its effects regarding the problem of m y subject which helped and
provoked me to study and research more on such issues and problems
with the children.

This case study has been a learning lesson for me. Being a participant
observer, it taught me various new things, like childhood problems, their
changing behaviors and the ways to deal with them.

I would love to add that the steps taken during the observation worked
for the subject and made a positive influence in the subject’s disorder
and also improved his general performance in academics. I hope to see a
further speedy and overall improvement in the subject’s behavior in the
upcoming time.

Finally I would like to end my case study by saying that everyone should
understand that every child is special and their needs are different.
Therefore, people should be considerate enough as every child indeed
understands love, care, praise and oneness. Disruptive behavior disorder
is just a disorder that can be treated well with concern, care and love
from peers, teachers and special attention of parents.

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❖ Interviews for the subject and 
the parents. 
 
❖ CSB Format (developed By 
Dr.Mathur and 
Dr.Bhatnagar). 
 

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Interview for the 
SUBJECT

1) ​How old are you? ​


2) In which grade?
3) Do you like school?
4) Why do you like school?
5) How long does it take you to do your homework
long or short?
6) Do you have time with homework?
7) How do you do on your test?
8) Do you have a lot of friends?
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9) How do you feel having lot of friends?
10) How many siblings? Do you play with them?
11) You like spending time with your family or
friends?
12) What do you feel about yourself?
13) Why bad sometimes?
14) What are your hobbies?
15) Do you face bullying?

interview for the 


ParENTS 

​  
1) Name : Age :

2) Married or single mother?

3) From how many years are you a single mother?


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4) How many children do you have and the subject
is at what birth order?

5) At what age of your child did you first notice the


behavioral changes in him?

6) What are your current concerns regarding your


child’s behavior?

7) Does any family member have a history of such


difficulties? If yes, please explain.

8) Was your child’s early development (walking,


talking, toileting, feeding, etc.)?
a. Somewhat advanced
b. Fairly normal
c. Somewhat slow

9) Does your child make friends?

10) How often does he get aggressive?

11) Does his friends or other people complaint about


his aggressive behavior?
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12) How long can he sit at one place and for what?
(for T.V. , drawing, eating or study)

13) Does your child seem to have difficulty in


remembering and following directions at home?

14) How is subject’s relationship with his family and


siblings?

15) Is he able to sleep well the whole night or does


he face any problems when he gets up?

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❖ Subject Of The Case​:​ ​RAJ KUMAR 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
❖ SUBJECT’S REPORT CARD 

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❖ ​CSBFormat (developed By 
Dr.Mathur and Dr.Bhatnagar). 
 

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