Designation: D4060- 10
Standard Test Method for
Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber
Abraser*
‘ain en tn raf A wn es ot Yt a
Tiss shen py forse agers he Dern of fee
1. Seope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-
tance of organic coatings to abrasion produced by the Taber
Abraser on costings applied to a plane, rigid surface, such a a
metal panel
1.2 The values sated in SL units are to be regarded as the
standard, with the exception of mils when determining coating
thickness The values given in parentheses are for information
only
1.3 This standard is similar in content (but not technically
equivalent) to ISO 7784-2.
14 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safery concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibilty of the user ofthis standard to estabish appro
priate safery and health practices and determine the applica
bility of regulatory limitations prior 10 use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
of Paint, Vamish, and Related Products on Test Panels
96S Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
Coatings by Falling Abrasive
1005 ‘Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick
ness of Organie Coatings Using Micrometers
2240 Test Method for Rubber Property —Durometer
Hardness
1D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and
‘esting Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials
1091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic. Nonconductive Coat-
Ths wes etl unre jig o ASTM Commitee Oo Pit
and ela Cougs, Mita a peasant et eons
Sti a ro pis a
Sando 0.
ont ASTM Cas San tim. ato ST
ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
22. Other Standart
ISO 7784-2 Paints and vamishes—Determination of resis
ance to abrasion —Part 2: Rotating abrasive rubber Wheel
method?
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific 19 Ths Standart:
3.1.1 Abrasion resistance eun be expressed as ot oF more
of the following term:
3.1.2 wear index, n—1000 tn
nilligrams per cycle.
3.1.3 weight loss, n—the Joss in weight in milligrams,
etermined ata specified number of eyes
‘1d wear eyeles per mil, nthe number of cycles of
abrasion required to wear film through tothe substrate per mil
fof fil thickness,
ss the loss in weight in
4, Summary of Test Method
4.1 The onzanic costing is applied at uniform thickness (0 8
plane rigid panel and, after curing, the surface is abraded by
rotating the panel under weighted abrasive wheels.
4.2. Abrasion resistance is caleulated as loss in weight at a
specified number of abrasion cycles, as Toss in. weight per
cycle or as numberof eyces required to remove a unit amount
fof coating thickes,
5, Significance and Use
5.1 Costing on substrates can be damaged by abrasion
during manufacturing and service, This test method has been
‘welul in evaluating the abrasion resistance of attached coat
ings. Ratings produced by this test method have coreated well
with ratings produced by the falling abrasive values in Test
Methods DIG,
‘52 For some materials, abrasion tests utilizing the Taber
Abraser may be subject (0 variation due to changes in the
tbvasive characteristics of the wheel during esting, Depending
fn abradant type and test specimen, the whee! surface may
change (that is, become clogged due to the pick-up of coating
*A Summary af Changes ection appears a the end ofthis andar,0105010
cor other materials from test specimens and must be refaced at
more Frequent intervals as agreed upon by the interested
partes, To determine if more frequent refacing is required, plot
the total weightloss every 50 cycles. If a significant negative
change in slope is observed prior t0 SOD eyeles, the point at
which the slope changes determines the facing frequency.
6. Apparatus
641 Taber Abraser consisting of the following elements:
611A horizontal turntable platform: comprised of a rubber
pad, clamp plate, and nut to socue the specimen to the
tumtable,
61.2 Armotor capable of rotating the wentabe platform at a
speed of ether 72 * 2 min for 110v60H7 or 60 * 2 imi for
Bovs0He,
6.13 A pair of pivoted arms, to which the abeasive wheels,
and auxiliary masses may be atached: loads of 250, 500, oF
1000 on each whee! may he obtained by use of these
changeable masses. Counterveight atachments of 125 or 175
‘gare available to reduce the load against the specimen. and can
‘he used with o¢ without the auxiliary masses,
Nowe 1—Witout auxiliary mases or counterweight, ach arm. will
‘ply toad aetna the specimen of 230 por wheel exchsive of the
imi of the whl ul.
6.1.4 A vacuum suction system and vacuum pick-up nozzle
to remove debris and abrasive particles from the specimen
surface daring testing. The height of the vacuum pickup nozzle
shall be adjustable, and the nozzle openings shall be 8 mum (ie
in.) in ameter. The vacuum system shall operate When testing
6.15 Acounter to recoud the number of eyeles revolutions)
made by the wmtable platform,
162 Abrasive Wheels—Resilient Calibrase wheels No.
3-10 of CS-17, as required, shall be used unless otherwise
agreed upon by the interested partes. Because of the slow
hardening ofthe bonding material resilient wheels should not
‘be used after the date marked on them, or one year after their
purchase ifthe wheels ate not dated
662.1. The wheels shall be 12.7 = 0.3 mm thick and have an
‘external diameter of 51.9 + 0.5 mm witen new, and in no ease
Jess than 44.4 mn,
Nove 2—The hanes ofthe whsss canbe chicks by Tes! Mth
D220, Messe test fou pits equally spaced on he sie sufze af
the wheel The eating sll be taken safer full plication of the
Rest nn vege el tes fe Hp
63 Resurfacing Medium, an $-11 abrasive disk, used for
resurfacing the abrasion wheels
7. Test Specimens
7.1 Apply a uniform coating ofthe material to be tested to
4 rigid panel having both surfaces substantially plane and
parallel, Specimens shall be a disk ora square plate with a 6.5
smm (M4 in) hole centrally located on each panel. Typical
dimensions fora test panel are 100 min in diameter or 100 by
100 mm. Thickness of the specimen should be no greater than
63 mm (% in.) unless an $-21 extension nut! or arm height
extension kit! is utilized. Prepare a minimum of two coated
panels for the materia
None 4—the coatings sou be app ia accordance with Prasices
DIDS, rar aged upon betncen the trod pation,
Nore $~The thickness of the dry cotres should he meas in
secordance nth Test Metiod DIOS cr Fraice D7
Nore For howe mars eter than 63mm (in) bat ess than
12.7 mim (a in) hick, the $-2 etersion nat ay be wed oa the
specimen fometurttio. Ths agus 95 a i) cates ol the
‘jesimen. Aerie ana eight extension kt wll pert texting
‘pecimens upto 40mm (1m) tick a aie the centrale be
TES mm e),
8, Calibration
8.1 Verify calibration ofthe Taber Abraser as directed hy the
equipment manufacturer (see Appendix X1)
9, Standardization
9.1 To ensure that the sbniding function of the wheels is
maintained at a constant level, prepare the abrading wheels
prior to each test
19.1.1 Mount te selected abrasive wheels on their respective
‘ange holder, taking eare not to handle them by their abrasive
surfaces.
9.1.2 A load of 1000 g (per wheel) should be used, unless
otherwise agreed upon by the interested paris,
9.1.3 Mount the resurfacing medium (S-11 abrasive disk) on
the turntable, Lower the abrading heads carefully until the
wheels rest squarely on the abrasive disk. Place the vacuum
Pick-up nozzle in postion and adjust it toa distance of 6.5 mm
(sin, ors agreed upon between buyer and seller, above the
abrasive disk
‘14 Set the counter to “zero” and set the vacuum suction
force to 100. The vacuum suction force may be decreased if
‘greed upon by the interested partis
9.1.8 Resurface the wheels by running them $0 eycles
sgainst the resurfacing medium. Warning—Do not brush oF
touch the surface ofthe wheels after they are refaced.
Nore 1—The whee shal be resurfaced in this manner before esting
ach specimen and ater evety 300 eyes,
10, Conditioning
10.1 Cure the costed panel under conditions of humidity
and temperature as agreed upon between the interested partis,
For additional information, reference Specification D3924,
10.2 Unless esherwise agreed upon between the interested
parties, condition the coated panel for atleast 24h at 23 = 29C
(734% 36°F) and 50 = 5 % relative humidity. Conduct the
test in the same environment or immediately on removill
therefrom,
Procedure
ILI Weigh the test specimen to the nearest 0.1. mg and
record this weight, iether the wear index or the weightloss
is tobe reported0105010
TABLE 1 Precision of Taber Abrasion Values”
egemmiy———RASASEEY—— apenty Repay
cea mee a seed i cin
eames Contra A wae ay a ar ‘Bo
ramsey Cary 8 tat 80 tr os ae
Pabrobane oan ‘ee 30 e 3 ve
Pajnesony Powe Costs as 3 & 8 wi
aon Pond Cain cad is 32 a a0
"Wiese iam
11.2 When wear eycles per mil is required, measure the
coating thickness of the test specimen on four points along the
pth to be abraded and take the average of dhe readings.
11,3 Mount the test specimen on the abreser turntable
platfonn with the sie co be abraded facing vp, Secure using
the clamp plate and nut. Place the abrading heads on the test
specimen find the vacuum piek-up nozzle in position as
‘outlined in 9.1.3, AMX the auxiliary masses as outlined in
9.12. Set the counter and vacuum suction as outlined in 9.1.4
ort 8—To pte wif wea per, pce res mt
tere ad porte Wa sane sph wane, emo ED
Rinmed Specimen le with Ring Clamp smi ay esd Ths
toler imps sae agai ed pao te pnmer of
tenopke
No fusing a dual table abraser and the second table isnot in use,
cous sane tote ulead atthe saci neigh ae a
mS
11.4 Subject the test spscimen to abrasion forthe specified
sumer of cycles or until wear trough of the coating ts
‘sored, In determining the point of wear through, sop the
instrument at tervals for examination ofthe text specimen
11.5 Remove any loose abradings remaining om the test
specimen by light brshing. Rewelgh the tet specimen,
11.6 Repeat I1.1-115 on at last one addon est speci
tnen ofthe material under test
12, Caleutation
12.1 Wear indes—Compute the wear index, fof & test
specimen as follows
(4B) 1000
1 Aono ”
whe
A= weight of test specimen before abrasion, mg,
B
c
[Nove 10a calling wear inde it ny beavis to daca he
12.2 Weight Loss—Compute weight loss, L, of the test
specimen as flows
weight of test specimen after abrasion, mg, ad
number of eycles of abrasion reconded
L
-o 2
where
4
8
‘weight of test specimen before abnasion, mg, and
‘weight of tet specimen ater abrasion, mg
123 Wear Cycles Per Mil—Compute the wear cycles per
nil, W, ofthe test specimen as follows:
wor °
‘umber of cycles of abrasion required to wear coating
through to substrate and
thickness of coating, mils (0.001 in.) (to one decimal
place).
Nowe 11a cakubting the wear cys, itis adisbleto discard the
tint and lat readings ecane the int maybe afeced by a uneven
Report
13.1 Report the following information for each test mat
rial:
13.1 Temperature and humidity during conditioning and at
the time of testing,
1.12 Thickness of coating when wear eycles are specified,
IB.L3 Type of abrasive wheols used and frequency of
refacing if different then Note 7,
13,16 Load applied to the abrasive wheels (per arm),
1B.L.5 Vacuum nozzle height,
1.16 Vacuum suction setting,
IB.L.7 Number of wear eyelesreconded for each test speci
13.1.8 Wear index, weight los, or wear cycles per mil for
each test specimen, and
13.1.9 Mean and range of the abeasion resistance values of
the replicate coated panels
14, Precision and Bias ®
4.1 The precision of this test method is based on an
imerlaborstory study of Test Method D4060 - OL, conducted in
2006. Seven laboratories tested five materials, Each “test
‘esu” represented an individual determination. Every labors
tory obtained five replicate samples for each material *
[41.1 Repeatabiliy—Two test results obtained within one
laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if they differ by more
than the "value for that material given in Table 1; "ri the
interval representing the critical difference between two test0105010
results for the same material, obtained by the same eperator,
using the same equipment, in the same laboratory, on the same
6,
18.1.2 Repraducbiliy—Two tet results shall be judged not
‘equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” valve for that
material given in Table I; “R” iste interval representing the
difference between two test results for the sime material,
‘obtained by different operators, using diferent equipment, in
‘ferent laboratories.
14.1.3 Any judgment in accordance with these two state
rents has approximately a 95 % probability of being comect
4.14 The precision stalement was detennined through
statistical analysis of 173 results, from seven lnborateres, on
five material
None 12—Versions of this tx sta issaed tere 2001 speci a
seu nov eight of | mm above he spesimen sas. This was nt
eins the egaipont manufactur coal case Vartan i the
‘sevum pick-upelceny across the ras ofthe abrasion wack. The data
Smmarized in Tale tied war nozzle ee of 63 mmm)
142 Blas—AC the time of the study there was no accepted
reference material suitable for determining bias For this test
method, therefore no staement on bias is being made
15, Keywords
15.1 abrasion resistance; wear index; Taber Abraser tester
APPENDIX,
(Sonmandatory Information)
XI. CALIBRATION VERIFICATION
Xi.1_ To facilitate the verification of calibration of the Taker
_Abraser, a kit s available! that provides a fast reliable system
check, This kit is not meant as a substiute for regular
instrument calibration, Procedures in the kit allow the user 10
verily
XicL.l Wheel Alignment and Tracking—The wheels should
te spaced equally on both sides from the wheel-mounting
flange tothe center of the specimen holder When resting on the
specimen, the wheels will havea peripheral engagement with
the surface of the specimen, the direction of travel of the
periphery ofthe wheels and ofthe specimen at the contacting
portions being at acute angles, and the angles of travel of one
‘wheel periphery being opposite to that of the other, Wheel
internal fices shall be 52.4 1.0 mm apart and the hyposhet-
al line though the two spindles shall be 19.05 0.3 mmm
vay from the central axis ofthe wmtable. Fig. X11.
X1.1.2 Wheel Bearings Condition—Tne Taber Abraser
Wheel bearings should be able to rotate freely about their
borizontal spindles and not stick when the wheels are caused 10
spin rapidly by a quick driving motion of the forefinger.
1.1.3 Wiewum Suction Force—Air pressure in the suction
vice must not be lower than 137 militar (35 inches of water
column), as measured by a suction gage
"Nove XI-1—Vacum station force may be inuened bythe condition
‘ofthe collston bas, which ms he emp o replaced on 2 rue
‘si Any coos r sal eas wll abn inlence ston fre.
XILL4 Turntable Plarform Postion—The vential distance
from the center of the pivot point of the Taber Abraser arms to
the top of the turntable platform should he approximately 25
rm, The turntable platform shall rotate substantially in a plane
i sesso
= gig roe)
paras vn!
sein
pare
"FIG. XI. Diagrammatic rangement of Taber Abraser Test
‘Setup
with deviation at a distance of 1.6 mm (Yin) from its
periphery of not greater than 0.051 mm (+0002 in.)
XILLS Tumble Speed—The turntable should rotate at the
speed stated in 6.12.
X1.1.6 Load—The accessory mass marked S00 shall
weigh 250 * 1 gand the accessory mass marked 1000 g shall
weigh 750 + 1g.
aur Plep Noses0105010
‘SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee DO! has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the las issue (D4060 - 07)
‘hat may impact the use of this standard. (Approved February 1, 2010.)
(1) Removed erroneous statement claiming poor reproducibil- (2) Referenced Specification D3924 in 10.1,
ity of test method (cetion 1.2 in previeus version
AST inemanona aes r postin resco me ayo ar at ht asaned mn comecon wth anyon manned
nine sonar. Users sara a onsale tha emt Pe vale fa S00 ae HENS an ek
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