OZONE (O3)

Oxygen is a molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms (O3). Ozone, the first
chemical element proposed as a chemical compound by Christian Friedrich
Schonbein in 1840, the name of the ozone according to the Greek word comes
from ozein means foul odor, a characteristic odor from the process of oxygen
exposure by ultra violets. the use of ozone as an alternative tool for management
of several clinical disorders was sharply increased (Simonetti et al. - 2017—
Association of Ozone with 5-Fluorouracil and Cispl.pdf, n.d.).

Ozone plays a key role in atmospheric chemistry, absorbing harmful UV rays in

the stratosphere whilst simultaneously acting as a greenhouse gas (radiative
forcing of tropospheric ozone is around 25% that of CO2 [1]), and acting as a
harmful pollutant in the troposphere (Coleman et al. - 2010—Regional-Scale
Ozone Deposition to North-East Atla.pdf, n.d.).

The stratospheric ozone layer plays a crucial role in protecting living organisms
against ultraviolet radiation. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) contained in metered-
dose inhalers (MDIs) contribute to ozone depletion and in accordance with the
Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone (Boulet—1998—The
Ozone Layer and Metered Dose Inhalers.pdf, n.d.).

Ozone may also predispose plants to other injuries caused by winter conditions
such as thawfrost cycles by reducing root mass and carbon allocation to roots
(Cox et al. - 2001—Sampling Ozone Exposure of Canadian Forests at Dif.pdf,
n.d.).

Ozone (O3) is a common pollutant in urban areas. The effects of O3 extend

beyond the lung. O3 exposure produces systemic OS. O3 exposure has been
associated with premature mortality, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial
infarction, and cerebrovascular diseases (Martinez-Campos et al., 2012).

For a long time, ozone was fairly constant trace constituent of the air, but, in recent
years, its concentration in the surface layer of the atmosphere shows a steady increase
and at the present time it is greater than ever (Kovač-Andrić et al. - 2013—Temporal
Variations in Concentrations of Ozone, Ni.pdf, n.d.).
Also, ozone is generally recognized as a safe (GRAS) product, and it has been already
used in many agricultural products, including organically labeled ones [12], like Brazil
nuts (Freitas-Silva et al. - 2013—Potential of Aqueous Ozone to Control Aflatoxigeni.pdf,
n.d.).

Ozone (O3) can promote platelet aggregation particularly when heparin is used as an
anticoagulant this observation is not surprising in the light of previous results2 showing
the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in platelet activation (Valacchi & Bocci, 1999).

Ozone (O3) is a common pollutant in urban areas. The effects of O3 extend beyond the
lung. O3 exposure produces systemic OS [17]. O3 exposure has been associated with
premature mortality [18], cardiovascular mortality [19], myocardial infarction [20], and
cerebrovascular diseases (Martinez-Campos et al. - 2012—Effects of Exercise on
Oxidative Stress in Rats In.pdf, n.d.).

Ozone is used for sterilizing fingers, foods, and tap water for preventing nosocomial
infection and deodorization. Recently, ozone has been used in cosmetics, for
sterilization after dental treatment and for washing the skin around burns (Nagano et al.
- 2014—Optimization of Fluorometric Assay for Ozone in So.pdf, n.d.).

The judicious use of ozone (O3) appears providential because first of all eliminates the
pathogens and then, by releasing oxygen (O2), activates the proliferation of fibroblasts,
hence the building of intercellular matrix with consequent proliferation of keratinoblasts
and successive healing (Travagli et al. - 2010—Ozone and Ozonated Oils in Skin Diseases
A Review.pdf, n.d.).

Ozone can be applied a sagasor dissolved in an aqueous solution (Freitas-Silva et al. -

2013—Potential of Aqueous Ozone to Control Aflatoxigeni.pdf, n.d.).

various designs of passive samplers have been developed for ozone. A diffusive
measurement method based on the ozone reaction with indigo carmine has been
described by Grosjean and Hisham (De Santis et al. - 2001—The Use of a New Passive
Sampler for Ozone and Nit.pdf, n.d.).
surface level ozone is clearly a global scale problem with reagard to its adverse on crops,
forests and native, terrestrial plat ecosystems (Krupa—2001—Surface Level Ozone and
its Adverse Effects on Cro.pdf, n.d.).
Ozone (O3) is supposed to represent a significant risk for the health of forest ecosystems
in Central Europe (Šrámek et al. - 2007—Monitoring of Ozone Risk for Forests in the
Czech .pdf, n.d.)
There is a general convincement that ozone is one of the best compounds for killing
bacteria, viruses, and parasites present in either dirty water or in prospectively useful
drinking water [1–3], as well as against biofilms (Zanardi et al., 2013)

O3 was produced from medical grade O 2 using electrical corona arc discharge with a
modern O 3 generator (Model Ozonosan PM 100K, Hansler GmbH, Iffezheim, Germany)
which allows the gas flow rate and O 3 concentration to be controlled in real time by
photometric (Valacchi and Bocci—1999—Studies on the Biological Effects of Ozone 10.
Re.pdf, n.d.).
Ozone sensing with spectroscopic methods witness a great revolution with the advent
of fibre optics [15] and optical methods are characterized by ease of automation,
minimal error, good sensitivity, moderate cost uncomplicated installation and a very
good speed of response [16]; and hence has become a preferred method for sensing
ozone gas (David et al. - 2014—Enhancement of the Response time of a Reflective T.pdf,
n.d.)
ozone mainly reacts with macromolecular organic materials, resulting in the formation
of low molecular weight organic materials (Wang et al. - 2018—The Organic Pollutant
Characteristics of Lurgi Coa.pdf, n.d.)
Ozone(O3)treatmentcanchangethecompositionaland structural properties of the oxide
films which may have an effectontheresistanceswitchingbehaviorofRRAM[13 (Li et al. -
2017—Impact of Ozone Valley over the Tibetan Plateau on.pdf, n.d.)

The judicious use of ozone (O3) appears providential because first of all eliminates the
pathogens and then, by releasing oxygen (O2), activates the proliferation of fibroblasts,
hence the building of intercellular matrix with consequent proliferation of keratinoblasts
and successive healing (Travagli et al. - 2010—Ozone and Ozonated Oils in Skin Diseases
A Review.pdf, n.d.)
Ozone is one of the most powerful oxidants currently available and it has anoxidation
potential of 2.07 V (Wang and Chen—2013—Anodic Materials for Electrocatalytic Ozone
Genera.pdf, n.d.)
Bribiografi
Boulet—1998—The Ozone Layer and Metered Dose Inhalers.pdf. (n.d.).

Coleman et al. - 2010—Regional-Scale Ozone Deposition to North-East Atla.pdf. (n.d.).

Cox et al. - 2001—Sampling Ozone Exposure of Canadian Forests at Dif.pdf. (n.d.).

David et al. - 2014—Enhancement of the Response time of a Reflective T.pdf. (n.d.).

De Santis et al. - 2001—The Use of a New Passive Sampler for Ozone and Nit.pdf. (n.d.).

Freitas-Silva et al. - 2013—Potential of Aqueous Ozone to Control Aflatoxigeni.pdf. (n.d.).

Kovač-Andrić et al. - 2013—Temporal Variations in Concentrations of Ozone, Ni.pdf.

(n.d.).

Krupa—2001—Surface Level Ozone and its Adverse Effects on Cro.pdf. (n.d.).

Li et al. - 2017—Impact of Ozone Valley over the Tibetan Plateau on.pdf. (n.d.).
Martinez-Campos, C., Lara-Padilla, E., Bobadilla-Lugo, R. A., Kross, R. D., & Villanueva, C.

(2012). Effects of Exercise on Oxidative Stress in Rats Induced by Ozone. The

Scientific World Journal, 2012, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/135921

Martinez-Campos et al. - 2012—Effects of Exercise on Oxidative Stress in Rats In.pdf.

(n.d.).

Nagano et al. - 2014—Optimization of Fluorometric Assay for Ozone in So.pdf. (n.d.).

Simonetti et al. - 2017—Association of Ozone with 5-Fluorouracil and Cispl.pdf. (n.d.).

Šrámek et al. - 2007—Monitoring of Ozone Risk for Forests in the Czech .pdf. (n.d.).

Travagli et al. - 2010—Ozone and Ozonated Oils in Skin Diseases A Review.pdf. (n.d.).

Valacchi and Bocci—1999—Studies on the Biological Effects of Ozone 10. Re.pdf. (n.d.).

Valacchi, G., & Bocci, V. (1999). Studies on the Biological Effects of Ozone: 10. Release of

Factors from Ozonated Human Platelets. Mediators of Inflammation, 8(4–5),

205–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/09629359990360

Wang and Chen—2013—Anodic Materials for Electrocatalytic Ozone Genera.pdf. (n.d.).

Wang et al. - 2018—The Organic Pollutant Characteristics of Lurgi Coa.pdf. (n.d.).

Zanardi, I., Burgassi, S., Paccagnini, E., Gentile, M., Bocci, V., & Travagli, V. (2013). What

Is the Best Strategy for Enhancing the Effects of Topically Applied Ozonated Oils

in Cutaneous Infections? BioMed Research International, 2013, 1–6.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/702949