et~\5f~

~~~'a~~

et~ 'YJMG~Yt
~~~~"ib~~
 '51~~~~ 'it~~~~~~~~~~ I~~ 'Til<tSOO'
~~I~~~®~~~~~~~~ 9ff'81Ji <mr I~~
~ ~qtThij~, ~~Jfbij~fct ~ ~ ~ ~~I '¢l~ ~~fbij~ .~
'8~ ~ ~ ~t>rn'!Jll "Gl<tSr<Prn ~ ~ ~ '¢l~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~~I~~~~~ Wf ''~ ~'' (~) ~
m~>~jjlest ~ 1

~ ~ ~~ 00~ ~'f ~I~ ~~ ~jj~ <pJ<tPl <tS~~ill

~ '¢l~~ ~, m ~<!$ ~ ~~ ~~9f w\~ ~, ~ ~ jj~~~~ 1

<p.ffi ~ ~ ~~ ~ ;njj<tS~'f ~I Wf ~ ~'f ~~<tS~~~~J~ '89@

~~jj~ ~ ~<!$ ~~ ~ ~~I ~ ~ '6U$1<l ~ ~'

H>tJi<tS~ ~'it'frn ~~ ~~ ~, <rr <t~jj~ ~'!b1 ~ ~ <rcG1
~' ~ <fl>!~ I~~~~ ~8lC~il, ~\!b1 ~ '~' ~
~ ~ <tS~~il, ~'f ~ ~ ~ ~ '\61jj®~' ~ ~~ ~'lt ~
~ ~~ ~ <rl>~~ m ~ jj'!)~~~ ~ ~ c<r ~~f<f~ ~ ~ "R=Jf\xtrn
~ "t)zyf I

~ ~ ~~ ~ 'f\kiilfD;f' I ~ <ft~~ll~~~~J~ '89@ ~<!$ ~

~'i$1rl <tSC~~iilill ~ ~ -ullJ<qj~<tS~t~9l<lJm<tSt -~ fii!Ciill&ilC<tS ~rn ~~ ~9f
~ <tS~c~-'~~~ Wf ~rn ~ ~ ~ ~@fm<tSl~c<tS ~rn ~~

~I m: Encyclopedia of Indian philosophies, ~ ~ ~' ~ ~. "f. 8~~.

Olli\!>iiiliii ~ ~' g, ~ ~q q I
~~~

~I~~­

MCiiill>"'l~~~~: I
<)"~~ <J~ <m~~~)
-~~I~ 18, e'1JI~F<IIM<tS\!ll~91~<tsl, '1· ~~8/ ~b--~o, ~~ ~'<!~, ~
~C"'II~~iiiliii, g, ~~ ~~'f ~ ~b-~ I
 (~)

;qcCic~i'l' 8 ~~ <fC'1 9ffu~ ~ R~rm ~ fqc~c~' ~~ ~ ~Jc;q ~k)J!~i'l

~~~( ~ ~ ~~~ m-t~ ~ '8 MMt<q<tS ~ ~~<tSrn ;urn
~@1~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ <qCC4~i'll<t ~C~tft~l~ "11® 2l0Bl4S~a'i~l~'5
~ ~~~~'8 ~~9f 'bl~~\!l <w& ~C~C~i'll ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~
~ ;rfl ~ ~ ~ ~ c<T ~@1~~~~~ ~~ ~9f ~
~C~C~i'l, ~ RICCilt)~ ~ '*IT ~ ~I ~ ~ ~ ~@?~ ~ \£1~
~'f ~ ~, ~ RlcCi!D-{'8 ~~ ~ \511c~~ro ~ ~'f ~
et~ ~c~~CCii'll RicCi!!)~ et~~~ $ ~ -n ~ \!l<T\ ~@f~
~ ~ '5Cg~~ ~ ~ 'blC~C~ ~: ~ '5]~~ ~ ~
~~ ~ ~I eu1~~~~J~ Ul<t£t<Pl~ RlCCil!)~C~~ ~ ~ ~
~@1~ ~ ~~ <t£C~C~i'l \£1~~ ~ ~I ~ fXt<u ~ ~
~'t 9ft'Sm <rrn -n 1 ~ ~ c;q~l~<tStl~~ ~ ~ ~ <rrn ·c<T, ~
~C~ '~~M~' ~ \£1~ 1it<r.J ~I~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~~@)'I ~
~g~ ~I~ M~Ci?~ c;rli\!l<iJM <qCC4C~~' ~ ~' -m;r \£1<1$ <FU1
~ '8 ~ ~ ~ ~rn ~ ~<tS~~lfJlJ~ m<t£1fG~ ~~~~ ~~<t£~'t <t£~c~i'll'l

~ ~ ~ 00
9ffu~~~ j[C(1J ~~~~I jjjj<t£C\51Ci'l<il
'
JilC~c<l~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ lb- ~ \£1~ ~ e!f!)J ~~~Pl<t£~~
8I '51~1"1Nl~~"1~~~ ~~~@!~~~I
~ dd~SMWl Ml'fJ1\!i~c<1 owrt ~m 11
-W~.~.(~)~'t"l(}tf<li<i~"·'1·~.~~~.~~~.
<fiM<fi~1 ~ ~b-~
a: I ~. dd$1'5lt;f, ~. '1· 8, ~01~ \!i~c<1l'f1~®(~. ~~ ~~'@, ~~9.({;
ro~. ~ ~~. ~~ ~~. <!iM<til\!i"t ~~ ~~Ml'fJM$1 ~"'t ~- ~
~". <fiM<fil\!i"! ~~b-~ I
~I 1051H~!~>u ~: ~"11\!1'1'11~1 \5~~~~~ ~~~(\~~·I
- ~ 8 1~ 1~. ~~~<fitl\!i~, '1· ~~b-/ ~~. '51"1~1<f3 ~ ~. ~~~ c~. ~
~~"b-1

9.1 m: Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies,~~. '1· 8a:", ~1®'41"1 ~"lH1~l'fPi,

~~t\19.9.1 .

b- I A History of Sanskrit Literature '1· ""8, C~l0'!"1!"1 ~ ~. ~ ~ t\1~-=<. 1

 (~)

~ ~'Wft'itJ <KG1 ~ ~ ~I ~~().!)~ ~ ~ '!lB:ff.{t~ ~

~ ~ ~' ~ ~~-~ ~~ ~ 91~~~; ~
~ '8~ ~ ~ (Ff~ ~~ ~<t$mr 9fl'8m
<rrn I ~Wt~ ~ ~' '!lB:f~f~ ~ ~ ~ "G1<M<PB:f ~ '8

~ -~ ~~ ~ ~<P ~ <KG1 ~ <tSC~C~ill ~ ~

~ ~<P ~~I ~ <P1i1J~C'$7~ ~ IST$lb101~ >J~>JI~rn<tS ~I IST$Jbfq
~~~~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~ISTJ~J'!l ~I~~~
~ ~ ~' ~ <Pli1J1C$7~ ~ IST$lbWt~ ~I~ "<PJCsi~ ~ ~
~~~~~I~~~ ~~C~J~"G)<pr ~ ~~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '5f'if ~ ~C$1~ '%1~~ et~ '5f'if ~ ~I
~ ~ ~ ~ <tl ~C$1~ ~ ~ "G1<tSt<PB:f ~ ~ ~~
~ 9fmf rrfl
. .

~ eui~P'[51M~t~ HCIST~ ~<tSM ~ <p@ c~ 1 -u1~P[51M~t~ ~

<'1CGiC~il - "~ ~ <'111*<'1:>J:<l~~" l~o ~~ '~ ~ ~ (b-) ~
~ 'o:rn' (~) ~<K~ '<PI_'~ '5!W (b-)~ ~JhP'[51M~t~~ ~ lr~b- ~
~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ <n ~'<i"~ ~ m F<l~ISf\i9tr-'l~ ~~ ~\!)~~ ~~
'5lf~\"f 9ffu'!l'm't?f ~, eul!P[51M~t~~ ~ b-~b- ~ '5f~fk b-8~ ~I <p1ost~
~ ~ ~~~~ et~ '5f'if ~ ~ ~~<tSM ~~9f ~ ~ ~I
~ ~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bili<PM C~\Stvf <i"~ <tSC~C~il ~ ~
~ ~ c<r, ~ ~ ~ ~ et~ ~I~~~~~~~~

(ill \!il'{iil~~~r~~"D~<r=~

<r:~~~~q_ ~~~~
-~'$IT,~~'*~~(~), '1· '\(il~, c<rt~ "1J1~ror<f ~'~~ ~.
~~ ~. 9(~~ ~. <m:rr~ 'J(il'\(ill

"Jo I An Introduction to Nyayavartika (~JI"Wll~<fS)jj ~) ~~' 9ps<ejs, '61~131~ ~

~~.~'J(ilb-b-1
 (8)

<ICCiC~~' ~~ ~~ XJ1Ji~<tSW'l ~ ~~~&! ~ ~ <fS~Ciil~ ~~~ ~~~®~ ~~~

'1'jf" ~ ~ ~ ~ 9ft'Bm <fro ;n I m ~ ~~~~ Wml ~ ~'iffil
~'jf ~~ ~ ~ <tSC~C~~ I ~~ ~'1 ~~ ~ c;i~G4~~ ~~~ ~~~~ii'f
Ji~':it® ~ ~ C<tliTI~llt..fC~~ ~~~ -~ '1'jf" ~ ~9f1G4C<p~ ~I
~ ~~ c<r 'J1<f ~'1 fqc~c~~, ~~~cii'f~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ 1
~9ffc1 ~~ ~9fc~ ~ 9fm \5lf~ ~ 1 ~~iil~ c~ ~~ ~
~ ~ ~~ <tSc~fuiil~ ~~>:> m~ ~ ~9fi~ ~rn <n~~ l:~~ ~ ~
~ '8 ~'Bl jff~ ~c~c~~ c<r, ~9fi"l ~ ~ ~~~ ~~ ~'jf ~
<fSC~~CCi~ 1~ 8 Ji'&<l~: <tCila- ~~~a- <f~~ ~9ffc1 ~ <fSC~~Ciil~ I <tSICS7~ ~o
~ ~ ~~ ~~ISi~<tSfa'l ~ ~ ~ ~~~&! ~ b-~0 ~ ~~ ~~
~~~~~~~I~~~~&!~~~'
~'<?>l~~t, ~'<?Mi\f. ~ ~ ~ <tSC~~~ ~~~ m CJf ~ -ui~P'[5"1M<t~ ~
~ ~I ~ ~, ~ ~~~&! ~b~@ ~ ~JhP'[5"1M<t~ ~ <tSC~C~~ I .
N><f:lt\t)~ ~~~Ji<tS@ ~ ~fiTf~ ~ ~ ~9ffc1 ~8 ~ ~\~

~ ~ I ~ ~9f ~~~?1<fi100l ~~mil~: II

-~ 8181~~.~~~.1· ~o ~of ~~\5l~~'f43~~.Fi~~~c~, ~
~Cil~b-1

~ ~ I -.:( ~-.:( ~ cilG41~1~Mf.W~f\:llFl ~~!!j~q<HtR ~~'tl~COU<lJ!\ ~ ~

~~I

-~ ~ 1~ ~~~. ~1· 8D-~f~~-~G., \5l~~'f43~~;Fi~~~ c~, ~ ~"'~1r1

~~I m: ~li!"!aft"1~ l:Ni?(t~, !!!~ 'Sl'li, 1· 8~o-8~'l., ~Wsmt~l~ c<Tt<f~, ~fdj~fGt, ~
~\.~~G.~

~8 I ~~ l:Ni~~. !!!~ ~. 1· ~<1:<1:-~~~. ~ ~~Splqt~ -e ~~9ft~~.

~<i\51~~ 9Jl<ifd1"'~ <llfd1<llfGt ~ Cil'l. ~ I
~ <1: I <l!lJm<llf't<is!~~~'lf'l\:l~M~: 1
~\~'liR!\ c<11!r&J.i1\ ~:II
-~ 8181~~. ~. ~~. 1· ~0 ~of ~(i)-~o, \5l~~'f43~~. Fr~~ c~,
~ ~Cil~b-1
 ( ~)

~~ ~ I ~~ ~~9f ~'St~<tsfc1 ~ ~ ~1it~ '{3 "iUhP[61M~\fi If\~

~ ~ ~~ ~~'St~<P~ ~ ~ ~ "<f)~ ~ ~ ~I ~ ~ M MCAb~t
~ ~ ~' ~ ~ ~~~ c:'t<r '5(tjf ~ ~ ~~~~ ~~ '5[tjf ~ ~
\511 M~f<r <pM I

~~ ·~~ c<r, ~~ Nc<tq) ~ -.ui~~~~c~~ '*fil<Pffi <tc'ic~~,

\51~~~ ~ ~ 1tjf' 1~ ~ ~ ~ <l~ro 19\~1'81~ ~ ~ 1
11t~tq0f:1~ ~ ~~ 1tjf' 1~ ~ ~ ~9fq} ~ <f)G~~Ci~; <rt fiffirn
~~~W& ~ ~~~o ~~~~~~~, ~~~ ~-J:~f'Strn
~1~STJ<Pta11 NCAW1 ~ ~ ~, >!~&<l\!): ~ "1\5t~c\!) 1'if' ~ <l~jjfli ~ 1
,~ '{3 ~ >~~>~litrn<P l-.ui~~61M<qt~ c<r b-'~ b-' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ b-'~b-' ~ '5f~1k ~~~ ~ <lGCiC~ill~~

\5t~~~ ~ \§f~ ~~~>~Rvc~r cwrr ~t\SJ'&m't ~~ ~~C\!> ~

~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~G~ill \5lil'&Cifa1 ~ ~' ~ b-'~b-'
~ eu1~<ti~4S~f~9jtfGlc:pt ~I 1.!1~~ c1l~rwf ~~ m ~<l~ ~mrn<P
~~~ ~ ~ '{3~ CWff CVfl<f \§'@<l~ ~I ~o~ ~ ~f<U ~
~~9jc(r~NW!;qst ~ ~~ '{3 ~~m ~ ~ CVfl<f ~ ~
~ ~ ~~~~\!)· ~ 1~'\ \5l~~Cifa1 ~*c~~ "<lJf~ ~ ~ ~ ~ c<r,
~ -.u1~~61 ~ ~~ b-'~b-' <l~~fGc<P ~ <w1 ~ 1

~~I <l1/~<l>[<l~~ ~ <!~~: 11tf<!i141<l1b<ll~Q<!~ ~ ~~ $TI~ I

-An Introduction to Nyayavartika ("o:ul~'11f%¥~J ~), 1· ~88/ ~lr-~(;1, ~ ~
~~.~~(;llrlrl
~" 1 The Nyayavarttikatatparyatika of Vacaspatimisra written in 898 Saka year
was criticised by Acarya Jnanasrimitra, the Buddhist and Srivatsa, a
Naiyayika. Udayana defended Vacaspati against both in or around the Saka
year 906 in his Tatparyaparisuddhi.
-Aspects of Manuscriptology, 1· lr8/ ~~-~(;), ~ '{3 ~~ ~ ~. 'fJ
IQ~ 011~~. <llM<Ill'~l ~00~ I
 (~)

\Of~ ~~~)JMV( ~ xs]fDl<f l!l ~ ~ ~ C9ft<f't ~ 1~ ~'

~ -u-llPf~M~t~ c<l b-~b- 1~~~ ~~ \5fM ~ ~ ;rr ~ MIQ>~M
~ ~ 1~ 17 <Frn't ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~o~ ~ ~ <pC~C~~ I
~ '8 ~ )J~)Jl~rn<p <fG1l '51C41fu.<p ~I~~~~~\~
~~ ~~G~ ~ )o~ ~1<W1c~ ~ ~ fb~~ ~~\~~I
~ c<l ~ ~~ ~~G~ l!l~ ~ ~~ ~~C~~ ~ <pC~<PfG ~~ l!l~
~ ~I ~ ~ ~ ~1<W1C\!l '511M~~ ~~MG1~ I "1~~~~ ~ejf\!5~~ ~
~ ~ ~~ ~1G1l11@~t ~~~~~~~I~~ U1<Pt<Prn ~
~ \5f1M~t<l" I <Mcst~ \5ff5~ ~ '8 ~ ~~ 1J~<PGtl l!l"<P ~ ~GG1~
<u<r~ ~ ~~~I l!l~ ~ ~~<W)~ ~~ '51~ ~ ~ <fG1l ~\~
~ ,~~ ~ ~ ~ c<J, -uh~R"\ ~ U1<P~rn ~--\£1~ ~ ~
~ ~ -R~ <Pm ~ ~ 1 ~ ~~91<Um~t ~ ~or~'e(Jl~ ~ ~
<PG~C~~ I f\!i;qqC\!l~ ~~~ta'ft ~ 918~1; ~, ~~ 1~ miStC':l ~ ~ ~~<W)~
0
~~~ ~'SC~~ ~ 1~ ~ Ml1Jl~~C'BT ~ '5Tl1?J1H<P b-8 't ~ ~'e~­
l!l~ "ISt"lf I ~ ~ ~'e~G<P ~' ~ )J~lH'!l <PtJl~~ ~~~ )J~)Jl~rn<p ~

~ b- 1 The year, therefore, is now usually referred to the Vikramabda, placing

Vacaspati in 841 A.D.
- 'Date of Vacaspati Misra',
~~ ~ A~iiPGt&@t; ~. ~ ~. ~$! ~\xt, -Q"fi~<~f'r ~<»88
'
~., 1 Vacaspati is separated by a considerable length of time from Sankaracarya, as
he has refuted in the Bhamati the views of the latter's opponent Bhaskara ...
Vacaspati ought, therefore, to be placed early in the 1Oth Cent.
-~

~o 1 He (Dharamottara) appears to have flourished in Kasmira while Vana Pala

was reigning in Bengal about 847 A.D., and is mentioned by the Brahmana
Logician Sridhara about 991 A.d.
-A History of Indian Logic, '1· ~~.,; ~~-~.,, 07l&lC1lC1 <l'lHl>Tl'1l>i, ~. '1~'f
~(llb-b-

~~I <J~~~:~ <llM<ll~l,MM'&~~~·~· ~rj <!~~~I

- ~ ~~~~~~. ourn<HM~'-:lli!!.~, '1· ~~.,; ~~-~8, '$TI~ ~ ~ ~.
~~~R~t1~P1~~, ~ ':)b-(llb-1
 (q)

~ ~~9f ~iSt"l ~ ~ a:rf I ~~ \5"C~ f\s~~ ~ ~ ~'

~ ~ ~~~~ ~~ ~'>)' '5TIM\{~ ~C~~:U·i-'llxx

~ ~ '5H!®~ ~ ffi ~ ~<P Ji~'*C't '5TIM(~ ~ I '5Ttst<fJ ~q:(JI~

~ R1ct~~<n~ J'l<f'~GS!'ir 'W4 ~rn ~N9jXtl~~45 ~ a:rra:rr ~fu;~ ~9f~
~ 1 J'l<f'~GSl~'iH~ ~~ 98f \61{$~rst<( ~~ ~ m<r ~ <l~
~ ~ ~ ~~Pl~t'>l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~'6~ ~R>0t~ ~ ~
~ ~'f' ~I <PI~~ t~\t<H~ m<r ~ '5li~~'f ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~ 1 ~ '511M~t<f <P1'1C~ ~ ~ ~ 'B ~ ~<f c;qqJc~~
~'t <fG1i ~ ~ ~ ~<f\ ;urn~ ~'t'B <fG1i DCG'fl ~ c4JijfDf<1'
~ofi~S~ ~ @~IM\!J \5Tt~ ~ ~ -u1~<11M<P~rn @cijfJJ\!J~(JI~ ~ ~
~ ~C~M'1-'IIx~

\BcijfJJ~~c~~ -u1~41Nf<lS ~ 'B98f eu1~41Nf<lS~t~91(JU14St ~&"181' ~ ~

~ ~~~ ~ ~ Ji~!CiSt ~I~~~~~~~~
~ \5f m ~ ~ C~'f ~ ;rf I ~~~9ff~ ~ ~41'4{$81' 'B
~~c~9ff(fffif ~~ ~c;qq) ~~~ c<P ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
<1C'1C~~ I ~ ~ ~~~ '61J'l<fC~GS~ \5f.i~ ~ ~ ~<f\ ~
'~\Rcq;q~ '5~ ~9f~ ~g ~~"til~ -.:u!~!'G~ ~~ 1 ~ ~ ~~~Ul<f.il,
~ ~ ( ~) t.!l"?r- ~'5Cii~ ~ ~ ~ 'UI~fG~ ~~ ~I ~~ '6leiict<tS
~~~ ~ '61Ji{CS3~ ~ \5f.i~ ~ ~ 1xs ~ ~ ~ ~

~~I Dharmottara can be safely placed in the first half of the 9th cent A.D.
Vacaspati cannot therefore be phiced before the lOth Cent. A.D.
- 'Date of Vacaspati Misra', ~~ ~ n ~~Ptf&IS~ ~. ~ ~. ~~ \5f~xt.
<!l"f!~~l"f ~ ~ 8 8

~~I <[~ ~~~ ~ <tsftl<ts{l! MM'&~~~ ~ ~ <1f~H~ I

~Jl~<ll~l~"P!(JUl<tsl, 1· ~~~~~~-~~. 'i'f'f!~~~~. N51${1!C~I~~~~PlffiiS!,
~~b-~b-1

~8 I m: History and Bibliography of Nyaya Vaisesika Literature, >i~r~&l'6<Fl

~.~,,.~IT
 (b-)

-ui~<tlM'4S~t~91<0U1<tSt 1r ~~ ~ ,~~ ~' ~~~ ~ ~ ~

~I ~ 8J ~~~ ~ ~ ~C~~CG4~ '5f '51~~G4fa1 ~
'\51~~~ \!l<pfU ~~ '511'5J'&~"f ~'Bl ~~ ~9f9frl'M <fSC~C~~ I~
~~c~~ c:<J, \G~Blc~~ ~~'ii~~MC<I<fS, ~ ~ ( ~) ~'5C~~ ~<f\ <1'tl~tt>tc(~
-u1~~G1I<t~ ~ ~~9f<ftD1c4'~ ~ c:<J ~ ~~<1~ ~~ ~ ~
-.u"1~<tlfij'4S~t~91cUtl<tSt iT ~ ~ ~~<1~ ~9f~ ~I ~ ~rn ~~'ii~~MC<I<fS
~ <1CG4c~~, ~~~ '51~1~~ ~=$1t'tr m-rn ~ ,~~ \Gq~c~~ ~~ 9f\rooro~
<m~ ~ <fStfG1~t ~ <1CG4C~~' '~~1?l1~>1J H~~>i~'&M~~~ ~ ~<f
$It~ <p~' mr,~'l \!)~ 9f\fuo ~ 9Jrn~'G ~ c:<J, m<r~rn ~ '~
'511~t~>~J H~«&>I~«&M~~~ ~ ~<r $It~,~~ <p'<J$ ~ mt ~ ~ Jf\~
<P~C~-'11 ~ -u1~<tlM~t~91<UU1<tSt-~ ~9f ~<f$ 9f\fuo 9JHlG4~~ ~ 1~1r
~\~ ~~~ c:<T, ~~~~~~~~I
'51~t, m<r~rn ~ ~ 9f\rooro~ <m~ ~ ~~ mr ~ '51~~~~
~ :$ff"fJ mur ~ Jfie~ ~ C9J'I<f"f <P~C~-'1 I
~ ~ ( ~) ~~ ~'SC~~-~~~9f<fWtc(~ ~~I~~~~
~ ~ ~ (~) ~ ~I ~ ~ ~-~
~"UG4'*'11~t>IM ~ <PC~C~-'11 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ <1CG4~-'!,
~ ~c~~ ~ ~ffitcm~ ~ ~~J<il'*'tt~>!fu~ ~~ ~ 18t1®~ ~ <1JMo~

~~ I ~~f<wf<r ~~ <R{9f~ ~: ~9~ >i:i.[tlb~lNMG4'lf'9~ ~'{llqj<l~ ~9f<1St ~'{11~~" I

-~~I)~~' O:UARI~I~YI~<PI, '9}. ~o~j ~~-~~!>,~~~~-a '¢l~C~mt~1~~~
~' ~ ~M1~'!Wifa1, <tl~<tl~l ~~~~)~Ira-
~~ I ~ \!!~ FK"1<fN31~"1'>1J ~ \!!~ ~~~~
-1b11"l'l:i~t<q<P, 1· ~~~r/)-~, R~J~ ~~-a ~9~~~, -u ~!!~
C~~~' <tifdi<M~I )(;)b-~
~~ I ~' <P$1G4\!ll, '9}. ~~~/ 1!>-8, ~ ~m9 I
~b- I \5l;pl1~>iJ ... ~<$11~!P1~'&<1J~bi'$1"1~>1J ~ \!!~ ~'tf~t I
- ~) J) I), OiJI~qiM4S'bl~~' '9}. ~/)b--)~,~~~~ '3 '¢l~C'$1tit~1~ ~~
~' ~ ~C~W1G41ii1, <tl~<tl~l ~~ ~~ ) ~b-~ I
 ( ~)

~ ~ 1~ ~ rrr ~ <~~ ~~ f<~<~~~~ 98f ~~ ~'trn ~ ~~e:jrn ~

~ ~~tJ1~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~ 1.!1~ 9f\fuo ~ 9lHl"il'G ~ c<r, ~ ~
~je:jJG1'*'tf~1>Jfu~ ~' ~ ~9ft~ ~I ~ ~ ~
~~\~ <mfu ~~~je:jJGi'*'tf~lJiro~ ~9f I ~ c<l ~~ <qCG<JC~e:j '8
~~Ce:j~~~~rn ~ '5f~.:~f<fi~>lc<l~ ~ ~ ~ ~(j!~e:j ~ -ui~<~IM~~t~91(Wl41-
~ ~ ~ ~~ 0 1.!1~ ~ \5l1'6J~m~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ c<r, ~ )j~Jcsr
"5t~9f<fts~' ~ AA ~ ~ -u1~<11M~~t~91(Jb14St ~ ~~ ~ ~I

~~~~~~~{)~'€~ ~~~~~~~m~
~~I~ <r~ c<r ~ '898f ~ ~ ~~ '8~ ~ f>lefi1~c<P
161'P4~~ ~c~c~e:j 11.!1~ ~ '>~4'~~11~~, ~9fff~ ~~~ ~ ~ 1MbJ(j!~ -.6hr~rn,
~ \5f<ft(f ~ '$ ~ 9f@9ffiGJ ~ c<r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~
'6l~~P1t~'t
.
~~\Srn ~ tqC{lC~-"11 ~ ~ rrrrrr ~
.
~ ~C~C~-"11
~ ~~~~{) ~ ~ ~ 9ftfu~ ~ ~-urn '8 '5[~:;j~c;qqJc~ ~rn '6jcqqR
~ ~~'>trl ~ c;qqf® '8 ~e:j{lJfu~tjf~ ~ <fl~Jc~ e!m~ ~9f ~
~(3!C~i11 ~ ~ ~ ~ c;qqJ~~ ~ ~~M~ ~C{l~Gi I ~ ~~
~~~~,-~ ~ ~ ~rn ~ '1~ ~ ~-vf~ ~c~~-"1,~~ <rt ~ c<rr~
~~I~ \.!l<p'f~~~ '8 ~I
'

~I» I ~'f >H~l"iJ&l"lt''M ~~l>N3Jl -~~ ~~i$(iSrl®~<u'8'C{ll ~. ~9f'i'f0l ~'<S<tSSJ:~l~

~1titm: ~.ftt(~~C<t~ ~9fl&l'&~<tlq)M~ I
- ~. 1· ~0..8/ ({-'\,CAl~ iiJHI1514'~~(~. ~,ffi ~ ~.
9f~~ ~. <mn~ ~1\>0..1\l
~o I ~ :!l'<S<ts~t~ ~11itm: ~.ftt~ I \!i>illlf~<®:<fi ~~~'flMiil\51C<tl~<t~: I
-~~I~ I~; ~JI~FqiM4S'!il~'"1~41, 1· So/ b--1», ~~~('e3 \5l~~tit~~ ~(
~. ~ ~Ciil~~&ll&l, <tsM<tst\!i! ~~ ~~. ~1\lb-a- 1

~ ~ I ~~ ~~ ?j_'fJ~ 13~<M~ ~~ m1i I

~~~~~:II
- ~ s 1s 1~ ~. ~~~&1. ~ ~ ~~ s, \5l"'~1~ xtr&t ~. f.t{$r ~~ c~. ~ ~ ~»~b-
 N~~ 'Yl~~

<f1f)~~~ ~~~~~~~~ 91~f)~

 (~o)

~ ~ \61~®~ ~ J1<f "<P'ffl "tf~ '8~ ~ ~ ~c~c~~ 1 ~

t<tt~~4S~..fci1~ '89@ -._;rn ~ ~ ~ ~Jjl101~ ~~ $1 ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~~ ~ ~~ c<l ~ ~ ~ ~c~c~~ \!;~ ~ ~ Pl~~
'611Ji~'i ~~c~~ 1 ~ ~ ~ -._;rn Oil~~'!lt ~ -._;rn ~ ~ >1~Ck:~ 1

\§lf~\~ Ui<Pl ~ 1 ~ ~-<:<1qlc\t ~lift~-q~~'*t '8 ~~~~ Ui<Pl, ~'~

~~t~~~, c<lt~ ~'{1«"1'1~~, ~'~ ~ '8 ~~Mi. \!l<r\ ~
eu1ll<tiM'4S~t~91cUm<tSt et~ ~c~c~~ 1 \!1~ 9JPlc~m ~ et~ ~m }f\m
~'i~~l

31iifl~~)j~'*l'

311ift\!l~~~'*t ~ ~ ~ et~ ~liftl9tNl ~ Ui<Pll ~ ~b~Bf ~

~ ~S~'lft\!/VJ>~~"*t ~ ~(]~~, "<PBr'i ~ ~ ~lift~~~~'*rn ~ ~~
>~~&<1\!i: ~lift~~~~'*t ~ ~ et~ ~ 1 "<PBr'i ~ ~ ~ ~lift~~~~'*rn
~ ~ 1 ~ ~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~lift~-q~~'*rn ~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~
~\!ic~qt@~t'8 ~ ~lift~~~~'*! ~ ~ ~'i ~9f ~~ ~c~c~~ 1 ~
\SUI~~ et~ ~~ ~ ~lift~~~~'*rn ~~ ~ ~~~ '6l~G41~c~~ ~~~~ <tS$1~¥
Ul~!C\!5 ~lift~-q~~'*t -~ ~~C~I~ 8 f<IVUM'im ~c:t~Olll~~~ ~
~lift~~~~'*rn ~ 9ft'8m <mT I \!1~ W~~~ ~ ~~J*~~~~<t ~ \!l<f\
~mr ~~\!) 19tq\1'3ttit~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~c~c~~ 1 \!1~ ~

~~I ~9f~~ 3l~\!i'q>i~'lf>I"'!JHI<ilf't<rnn: ~~ ~ i!:j'!)"'{j~ MI&~NHll~ I

-~ ~~~~~~.~1· <e8~/'1, '15l"'ll2'f~~~. ~~~ c~~~. ~ ~(\l~b-;
"l D M~{l~- ~~ CDI9f~\ 3l~\!i~>j~"lf'!{ll~"'lll~~ I~~ I~ 18b-, ~. 1· b-({({ I
~~-~8, ~; ~~ \::II~Gl~ ~- ~. 1· ~o ~of ~(il, ~ 1
~~I ~~.1·~o,rfft~~~~.~~(ilo'1
~8 I ~ 818 ~~~. C<lllfl~<tltl~#, 1· ~o ~~/ lr, ~ ~. ~~~ C~ ~~. ~
 (~~)
/ / ~~..,....,..,....
<!'!ljjfr-:f ~ ~ ~ C~l ~ '~H.~'!l C<tqW~~ -.:rr-n ~~ ~ ~ <m!
c<r, \5{C~'!lt<tqj~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~-~ ~ >Jjjjq~ ~ <Pt~&Gi I
~ ~ ~ ~ $1'*~~>l~JitSt ~ ~I

~ ~ c<r ~'*PlNl~ 'e9@ $1'*~~>l~JitSt ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ijfi~~~

~'f\5f ~ ~, ~ ~ ~ ~ <ufuo ~ ~ mnr ~~ \5lW'lt&~t ~
~* ~t>~Wi<P 1 ~'*P!Ni~ ~'f\5f ~ ~ ~<r' <rlM<P<Prn ~ ~ <ufu; ~
~Qi9f ~ m~>~jjtcst ~ 1 ~ -.:rr-n ~ ~ ~ 9jf?l~t ~ c<r, ~ ~ -e
~ ~<IS <fJfuo ~ I ;r~~91Xt~~~4S·~>~ ~ ~'f\5f >l<f'l831~i ~<f\ ~ \5f.i~
Til<Pl<JSrntjf'f ~ -e ~ ~ "<tJfu> ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1

>J<f'C:'!l~rt<f ~ \5f.i~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ >Jjj1CG41&~t <PC~C~~ I

~ ~ ~ ~~lM<tSlM<q~'f'l ~~ U1"<tSt ~ ~<r\ 1Cj"j~f4tofir1T ~~ ~'f ~
~~'e~~~'f$1fC9f~~~~~~~~
<PC~C~i11 ~ ~ ~~~c<tS 31'*PlNl~ ~'f\5f ~ ~ <tSC~C~~, ~tDt<fj ~
-nT I W~~~ jj~~~~ 'e ~ ~<p "<tJfu> ~ Ff I ~~ ~ c<r, ~'6f&r(
\5l1~ii111~C<t~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~C~C~i1, ~~
>l~Jl~ Xf~110l1M'!l I~~ <tcGi~~' ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~'f
~I \5ll~"i'T11_~C<t~ 'Ul~~~~~:. ~ ~ 'e ~
1~~rn~91f4~~-el~J<qlM4 80 ~ ~ ~ ~ c<r, ~ijfi~~<Prn -e -.:rtro<P<Prn
~ ~ 1~~ ~ -nr, ~ ~rn <11Mc<P ~~c~~ ~ )!jjfea1"1&~t <P~~i11

~~ I ~ \5Q.It ~~\!i<it>: ~~Wlw.ll(;:f\!i'~11~ ~ ~'6~<1t>I(8~~Q,!f ~'II

-'f~~9l""tlm~<l5. ~ ~'\8, 1. ({({({, ~~'i~ ~. ~ b-~, '131 ~~~b-; ~.
~(~~I
~<tl $<ug ~9fiW!<lSIM;q~'t. 1· ~o({/8-({, ~~Mil~~~~o,~-({;~~~ 1· ({~/ ~~-~81
~b-1 mg ~em.~ ~. 1· ~. 'if't9ff5 ~ ~~~~. ~ ~ ~~ ~• .,~ ({~
'l. 'l.

~~ 1 m ~J~~~~J~9fj;q~, 1. ~({~; ~~-~0; 1. ~({8/~-~. ~- ~~xn®'ifa'f'e ~~xn®'if"f

g

~. ~ 'effiQ.lo{;fG'! ~Jiil~ ~ 0,~ ~~~.~~~~~I

80 I ~'lJ<lS~I~J<qiM<lS, ~ \5l~Xf. ~ ~~~-~~~. 1· ~0 ~({, ~'1J ~ ~. ~
~@i<fl 0,~ ~~. fl~ ~ ~b-~, ~g ~~ ~ ~ ~~? ~9f~'f'\5l<fg I :!!l¥4J~Nl,
Hrn1~. 1· ~(f<t/ ~<t-~b-, ~ ~ 'effic~i'tiil ~ -.:r~. s, ~ ~~~<t
 (~~)

16l*11~Citf~ ~tl~~ '8 MqjB['ffi:T ~'t~~~ ~ ~ c<tt<m <rrn, ~ '8

~ l!l<P ~ ~I \5ffjlWt~ ~ ~' ~ ~ ~ c<1ql~~ ~ ~

\5f.i~ ~~I ~ ~~~ ~-~ ~ ~ '6ie~~(/NI~~ ~ ~,
~ ~I ~ ~ &"ifl'-:)~~~'lfit <1..£~~ 9\tS'ID <ml ;n I ~ ~ ~ c<f,
1!1~ ~~ ~ c-:l9f1'1 ~ &"ifl~~~~'lfit ~ ~ ~ ~ <IS@
~'ff <P~C~~ I <r~ ~ ~'11\5 ~ 'YlR"'il'G ~' ~ ~ ~ ~
~ '6l;pl~'f <PC~C~~ l!l<f~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ <PC~C~~ I~ l!l<P~ ~
~ ~ ~ 9f1@ c<r, ~ ~ ~ &"iflP!Ni '8 c~~(JP~Ni '611J1~c~
"1~~~~~J~ '89@ ~~~~ U1<tSt ~ ~~ <PC~~(frl-'1 I

1!1~ ~ <Pm ~ 9ff@, ~q~~-'1 <f)iCGi~ ~'ff ~ ~ <mT, ~~~~'lfit

~"iflP!Ni-~ U1<tSt -rn; 1!1~ I!ITU ~~ -rn 1 ~ ~"ifl~~J>t~'lfit ~ 91R<1c\6'
~~~~J'f~'lfit e:n~ro~ '61f~ ~"'VJt~ 1 ~'f, 1!1~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~Ni<1~
J1~1pj <Pm ~I ~ 1!1-c<P ~~~~ ~ >1~61-'1 ~I

~ ~ &"ifl'-:)~)i~'lfit ~b-'IG:f ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~I

~'f ~ ~ ~ &"ifl~~J'f~'lfi~ ~~I~~~ '5l;pl~'f
~· ~ ~ ~~ AARt<lt4~ '8~ \!j~ ~-~ ~ <p~~Ciil~ I ~ ~~~
~ ~~ '61U~C~~ ~ ~~R~ !J.:C~Miil~, ~~<P~ ~ ~ -rn I \!j~ ~
~~<PI<f<1~ '8 ~~<P1<f<1~ ~ ~1C'11fb~ ~I -!l~ ~ ~ '€ ~
-!l ~~~I~ ~~'€ ~ ~ PJ~Rg ~~~II!!~ U1<tSt
~ ~ ~ ~IN><1Wt~ ~ 9f<ID~Ib-'tf ~I ~ ~ ~~ iG31C-'I~
>l\!>J\!>1, '6l~<PI~~ ~ -e ~ ~ ~\!l<t~ ~'f <P~~~ I ~ ~
~ ~ 'DlfV3C<Pii1 ~, c~ ~ ~ ~ ~~oct ~ ~
!J.:C~~fi\1 8 ~ ~ ~ ~Bf ~~~&1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ <PC~ fA~ 1 8 ~

8 ';) I m ~ ~ ~ ~~J1, ~~ 151'if, '1· 8~o, Wi'1<1SI~ 'ifC'fl9fl~ ~. ~3! ~~.•

<1SM<1SM1 ';)~'\~
8~1 ~9\f~~~l
-~-';)I~ l~b-, ~. '1· ~~(!/)I\>, lbl"'i'&'f~xtl®~. "Ff~~ Ci!P1~~. ~ ';)0\l~b';
-ff '1· b'~~ I
 ( ~~)

~~ ~ ~ ~ 9ft@ c<f, ~~~c~9ft~ ~ f<lqjl~~'f ~

~~C<f) ;urn~~ <W1 ~ ~ 18 \? ~ ~~ ~ ~'f8rtstr ;rn I <Prn'f ~ffl ~
~\~-~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~<Pc~'~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~, ~ ~,
~~ 1~1Bl&J ~ ~I ~ ~, ~ ~ ~, ~ ~'5I<P~c<()~
~I ~'151<Pt31~ ~~ ~ ~ '~~' ~ ~I ~tm ~
~ $1<P~C<P ~ ~'~I >i'&<r~: ~!<PC~~ ~~~~Cl1~ ~ey ~C;>jc<IS
~ m ~ ~ 1 ~ '>!1t~ ~c;>j~ ~ ~<P~c<P ~~ ~ TSMJ
~~<P~c<P ~ ~, m ~N5~"b ~ ~~ ~ ~q;~tt>t<f ~~~~ ~
\5f~~~ ~q;~tDi<f m ~ "<Pm ~I \.!l'SMJ ~J<Pi~C<P ~' ~ ~I
~&!J'6R<f ~ ~ ~ ~' <fG1i ~I

~~F<t1_

'-:)~Mi_~~~~ ~~~\.!l~ ~'f ~~ ~~Mi_~~·

~ ~ m ~ ~~ 91Rsct>~ ~ ~ \.!l<t$ ~m'f ~ ~
fflf~ ~ ~ ~ ~1 88 \.!l~ ~ ~~<151(<H~, ~~~1(<1~, '5f~1~<1~,
"lf'l'6't<1~, co~iG<1~ '8 ~N5~~~~<1~ 9j<ffiCG1Jb;>j~ ~ ~~~, ~ '8 <liC<PJ~
'5fQ{ \51U~~f\~ ~ ~1~rnt ~ ~C&~lfb~ ~I ~ ~~ ~
~ "i14fe<1f~ ~ ;rr;n ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ <Pt31C~;>j I <rt<PJiQ{
~~'f ~ ~\>f<PO'T~ ~~~fN5~ ;rr;n ~ -mn ~ ~ ~
~\~'m~ ~ ~~fk~~~~<q~ ~9f~ ~~I ~ ~ ~ <1CG'JC~;>j,
~Q{-~9f'f ~ ~'m~ ;rr;n ~ mm 8r ~ <ufu> ~ ~, ~ Jl<f <1JM>~
~ ~~>fC;>j~ jff~ <rt<PJiQ{ ~c~~ TSMJ ~ ~9fm \.!l~ '-:)~Mi_ ~ ~ ~ 1 8 ~

8~ I ~: A History of Indian Logic '1· ":J~8/ ":J~, ~~~'11'1 ~ "fP'r, 1iffiT ~~ ":J~lrlr
88 1 ~ ~ "$Jm~, ":J~({~
8 ({ I <li<PJi~ 9]?'!1\ ~ ~P'l'& ;j>J~ I

~ ~ ~.;rr >rfi'f\bl(!l'QMi:"'~lll
- ~, '1· ~":J/ ":J~-":Js, ~ "$[m~ ":J~~({
 (~8)

~ <tCiif~-'l 'UI~<II~<ts~t~914Jm<fSrn ~~ ~q-c~ ~~\~9f ~fCiiillb'b

~I ~~~4! ~ ~ ~ '60~1fb'6 ~ 1 ~
8

-u1 ~ 4j~4\!J t~91<Um <pt

;u1~<q!M4S~t~91(iWl45t ~ ~ >i'&<t~: ~~~ ~~ \!l~ ~-­
~et~ ~~c~9ft~ '$11~ xt® ~(Ajqc~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~1 '\ 8

<t~~~ b~ai'ltSGit '8 ~~~ 151~'-f'& ~9f \!l~ ~-$ ~ ~mer 9ft'Bm
<rrn 1 ~rnR"t~ ;u1~~<%®~ '8 '5l~~ttt ~ ~<%®c~ ~~ ~
;u1~<qJ~4S~t~914Jm<fSt ~ -.ul~ij..fc-'l~ \£)~ ~m"f ~ ~ l8 lr ~et<rn
'5l~~iifta-r ~<%®~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \!l~ ~mer ~ ~ 1 8 ~

~ ~ ;rr1c~~ \!l~ ~ ~I ~ \GevtrJI~~C~~ -ul~<qi~4S-<.!l~ '8~ ~I

<n~">IJ1~~~ -ui~~~J, '51f<lf<l'&, 15lf<l~~~, ~9f, Rlciii1b~ '8 ~~J1~~'?1 et~
"ilJI~'8l~Jm<fSt ~<l"\ ~ <P@ \9CijfJj\6<pC'?l'?l "ilJI~<II~C<fS~ M~C~ c<n~lbr<l ~(~M
~'l<rl~<ts, -u1~~4! ~ ~' 2!\831<p'?l ~~ ~'1<11~4S18I~J '8 ~'8'?1
-u~~~4lm<fStlT c<r ~ cqt<r tG%1<1~ ~~~-'l, ~ ~ ~ ~ <P@ -urn ~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ -u1~<1IM4S~I~91<dW\45t ef~ ~I \£)~ ~ - ~
~~ ~~~ ~ '5li~~'t ~.~ ~ ~ \5t~91<0'bl<tSm 8T ~
®11~1 '8 ~NJ\Srn '5l~~J>~t~'1\!51 ~~c~-'l ~ <ro<r ~ \!l~ ~9ftvrn ~ ~R<l
~ ~~>~~1C'8t >1~11~ ~ ~ 1 \£)~ ~ ~ ~ ~$11rn~~~ ~'6<tf\1
~~' ~, 9JBt~1~'6 '8 9JBt<l~ ~I <JC1f ~' ~
~~91(im45rn R~c~ c<n~rDt<f ~i!ft '8 ~ m ~~~Rf ~~~ ~9ff% 18 cqt<r

·s~ I <r~~ <Pf~ ~" ~9f~\o '!l~Rc4fll

-~~I~ l<t, OUI!'I<IIM~'!ll~'"'laUu:J<Ill, 9). ~<t'rr/ ~'rr-~<ll, ~~ ~JHl'!l~@-1( '8 \51~~tit ~
~(~, ~ ~c~~~~"!Wl, m ~ ~<ll'rra:
8<t I ~ ~ ~JI!'I<IIM~\!lj~~. '$'fl(@ ~ ~. fQ,~~R~ ~~ ~. ~ ~'rr<llb-
8'rr I ~JI!'I"T~ (~JI!'I~IM~'!ll~~~. ~ ~C"ll~~'if'i, m~ ~ <ll'rra:
8<lll -tJIN<e~l~~\61~~. \51"l'&G'JW1~~. ~~\5l1>i~trl' ~. ~ ~<ll<ll~l
 (~<!)

\9~1<1~ ~ I ~ ~ ~~ ~W-1\S~ \gq~~tDr<f ~"Nl ~ '8 '6lH~~ ~'t91f~

~ ~~91(J~<tSR1 ~ ~~ ~ 1l!l~ ~ ~ ~ ~&~rn ~ U1<Pr<Prn ~
~~~ '8 ~~'5tv:f ~N>~"!> ~I

-.ui~)j_~ M<t\fi

euhPt51f:i<l~ ~ ~ ~ 9f~jf ~I '6lC~C<P ~ ~' ~

eul~<ll~~~t~91(J~<tSR1 Ji~<tS~ ~ ~ 1~~91(J~<tSt-lf~, &~~~)j~~t
'8 ~~M~~ ~~ ~, ~ -ui~JJ[51Pi<~c~~ ~ ~ ll!l~ ~ ~, ~~9j(Jm<tSt
~~ 98f ~ l!l~ ~ ~~l!l~ ~ b-s~ ~ ~~ ~c~~~ ~
eul~<ll~~~t~91(Jm<tSt ~ <tSfdl<P~t l!l~ CJ11Ji1~fG ~ ~ '8 ~ ~ I ~~
~ ~ C~ ~~ ~ ~~~~~I~~ <!~b- fU ~~~JJ[CJl~
~ ~I l!l~ ~ \5f~ '8 \5fl~<P '6l1~rnT ;u1~JJ[C\£l~ ~\~ ~ ~I
eul~JfGll{qim ~ ~ ~~ ~ 9ft'8m <rrn 1 ~ l!l~ ~ ~'¥,qAfc~~ ~<P~rn
~ ~~ ;rn I ~~f5~~-~ ~'f"!)l \5f9@ ~<)) ~ ~ 9f~~
~t~~ ~~~I~~~~ <!l!>~fij ~ ~ ~~~o

l!l~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~, \St~~'5W~ ~~ ~ eu1~~G11~ ~

sr~~rnrn'f ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~I eul~JJ[51M<I~ firf~r<U~ ~
~<Pr<Prn ~ ~ (~) ~ 1 ~ eul~~CJ~~ firf~ H<~~ \5f~ ~
~ ( ~) ~ 1 ~~I!)~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ >pl~rnrn'f ~ firf~f<f~
~ ~ eul~~Gllfqil~~~ ~'f"!)l <~c&~c~~ 1 ~ >r~~rnrn'f ~~ ~ ~
~ &r~ ~\~ PIRISt ~ ~ ~~ct~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~'f

({o I o:tJHPJ:CJI~Bl, ~ ~~ ~ ~\. ~ o~, >[4'"l!M~'t ~~ ~. eSt~~~~. <mn~

~~~~
 ~ ~ ~
~ ci ~
iBjffJfifl fil!J~l -
!f~-~~@~i~i 9 ~~&!!<~i~ i
~~j %ji~JiJ~~~w!~.~~tt~'>' i
lit ~-~lf~~!ts~!l~i ~
t;-
' .I
~ ."
. ,:~;tt:~~~ ~~~g~
~
~jjJ~ ;
t~ j
~~ . ~
~ OJ
~
'~ OJ
~ . ~ ~ (~ &!
~ • j
19
OJ ~
~ ~ ~ ~
1& f; ~ l~
J\'Y' ~
~ J?
t!~l
r;J' tv. IIi">
f ~ ~
i~~i -~ ii
' ! ~ ""
.f f -·
t i'i:if t~1i~ i~i ;til~
~i~wf~!~~li~~w~~;: ~~z
~~~
 (~ct)

-uffi9f~f.f.l ~ ~~c~~~~ -e9@ ~~'if~~~ ~ ~ ~

~~~~Wl~l~~f<tqjj~~ c~~ ~lJ~~~c~~08 ~) ~
~ 1 >pl~rnrncr ~ ~'~~ '5l1M\!) ~<r' fG~ -e ~ ~'11 ~ ·~
~~~'?~C~~~ ~~ ~ ~~\!>8 ~~~I~. ~'1~ ~
~ ~'~ ~ '5l'i<1~, ~ -e ~ ~ ~~J~~c~~~~ ~~ Jfm'f
~~~~~~~~~~I~~ ~~J~~o¥1~~ ~\~
~ '5l'i<1~ ~C~M'i~ I ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Jfm~ \5l'i<1~ Jf\~l~
~ 19flb~1c~~ '5l1M\!) -e W~ ~ ~ ~ '1_'11 -efuc~43fG1 f>!fuiSt~ ~C'\l~<l
~ ~ ~~ ~Jf ~ ~H<11>J~ ~~ow~~~~~~'\~
'fR~~~c~~~ ~ ~ ~c~c~~ 1 1_~ C<l'f1~t>~~ <l't111~ -e F<t1~>~~
~~c~~~~ ~~ ~'YfWrn Jfm'f 9ff\Sm <mr1 <l~~Wl ~ ~ ~ ~
~9f~~~\!)rn ~ ~~lJ~ ~ '1~~\!) ~~ ~CW& c~ ~ <l't11<1~
-e ~ ~ '5l"lc~~ro Jfmct ~8o~ <l'tl0t (~01~ ~) Jf~ ~ '5f'fJrn
~M~~~~~~

\!)~t<txtl~ ~

~ ~~J~~c~~~ ~t>~rn 9@ c<rt~ -e9@ ~~t<txtl~~ ~ ~~ ~

~ ~I ~~9f ~ ~ ~'f ~' ~~t<t"11~~ ~~ ~ W1
~~J"!~C~~~~ ~~I ~ ~@fm c<rt~~CJI~ \S9@ <ul>JCq<l ~j)j'SPJJ ~
~ 1·~~ ~ ~ 9jffi~u ~ c<J, <ul>N~lt~HI 9J!:<{ Cllt"Ji~Gll~ \S~ ~C-=l~ ~
~~ ~C~~Gi I ~~ ~ ~ C:<M~ffl~ <l~~~ ~~ ;rn I c<Tt~ \S~
<1\6'~~ ~~ Ul~l>l~c~~ ~~ ~ISTC"TC<l~ ~iSl~l~'5~., ~~'W'rn ~~'
~~~~rut~ ~~' ~'f ~~ c<rt~brut<f)t, ~ ~ ~ \S ;m~ ~
~ ~~'?jJ I ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~)j~lll~ ~ <ul~ I ~ ~~
<ul>l\bl~J \5l'!)J'& ~ ~ ">li~'f 9flbC<?~ ~~-m rrn I ~ ~ 9flbC<?~ c<lt~-
 (~b-)

clil<tStAH1 ~ ~ ~~~\5I~J~ 'B9@ '§~'C:qactJ~~ ~ \£1<1$ ~c~~ ~ ~

~I~" ~'f ~ ~ ~~~\5~, ~~'C:q"tt~~ 'B ~~IM<ti ~
~@la,~..fc~~ \£1<1$ ~m'f ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~s ust~>t ~~ ~ ~'~
~ 'i§~'(:qxtl~~ utm '6l1<lfVf ~ 1 \£1~ '6l1<l1l1f& ~11i ~m ~ ~
MeATh~ ~ ~I ~ ~~ ~~<qBf 'BRlC~"GM ~Blest ~ ~ ~ 8 ~ ~ ~ I
~ ~ ~~'f 01'1~iilfG1 <q~~~~l1Pl ~~"'~~~~~I

\51~~ 3l 1itP[I!i"1i*~~~~J~ \£1<1$ '6J~<ql'fJ ~I ~ ~ ~ ca1~ ~

~ l ~ ~ '¢ljf<t\4tc<t~ '1<f ~ ~ C<tl1tC~~ ~-~ ~:u~ ~
~~ ~~~<!~ ~I ~ ~ ~ ca11t<tS?4 ~ ~ "S1~&) ~ ~ ?£~1St1tii1~
jff~ --i$~>ei!AJ~ \!j<j) '6lN3~;q <m~ R~ <tSC~C~~ I~~~~ 3l'ifl~Ni
'B ~ ~~ C~~(J~Ni ~ ~ '6J<qiil~C~ \£1~~ ~~I~~
~ ~~ ~ --i*~~I!AJ~ ~~ ~ ~ ;q~~~ \5f ~~ ~ ~
~ 9ft'Bm <IDTI ~~ '6J<qiij~~ ~ ~ >~=u~ ~ ~ 1li$~~1tilJ~
~, ~\<ft ~~~~<tSRl ~' ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ <tSC~C~~ I m ~ ~~
~ ~~ ~~c~u~ <m~ 9ft'Bm <mT -n 1 ~( ~ ~ \£1~ ~~~~ ~
'6J<qG4~~~ I~~' 3l'ifl~~JI~~ct ~ ~-~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~ ~
\61~~~ ~ ~I 8f ~ ~ ~~C~l1 ~ ~ Jf<f ~ ~ '¢lf51~ ~~~~<PI~~
~ '6l1J4~'f <Pc~c~~ 1 Mblc~~ 9@9(1UJ 'B -me~~ ~~~t \!j~ \51~~ b1<P~ ~~
~ WCGiC~ 1 ~~~~ ~ c;qqJ~~ 1,~ >r~N~ ~ ~rn 1 <fC1f ~, ~~
1li$~~1!AJ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~ ~ ~ ~I

G:~ I ~\~~ '5WfJ <ul~ "M~ II

- 16~C<I"11~~t ~'tG1(}1f<fi-~ ~. 1· ~/G:, <mmT't ~~. 151~®?1 ~ ~. ~~ ~~'\ ~
({81 ~~aot"tacf.l, <mmT't~~. 161~®~ ~ ~. ~~ ~~'\~.
 (~~)

~~®' -n~<tS~'f ~ ~ ~ ~~I ~ ~ ~ ~' ~~ Ui<Pi

~ '{f~ \5f.~.m. ~~ ~9f ~~I ~~m ~~C<fS~~ '5lQ{ '~I~J~ ~
Ui<Pi" I ~ ~~ '{f~ ~~9f ~~m ~ CFT~ ~ ~I ~ cu.fif.,
w.m-., ~-~-~- ~~ ~~~~ <r~ '<uf~~ ~~ m-r', ''511~N5'ii1Vfl~
m-r' ~~9f ~Q{ ~I ~-~.m-. <!SIC44'~ ~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~I ~01~
~ ~' ~<!$ ~~<W ~ ~I

~' -n~<tS~'f ~ ~~9f ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

\51~® I - ~<1C~ ~~ ~~~~ ~ ~ ~ '51~<1Vf.l I ~ ~ c;f~~ C~
~<l~t<Tr~rn ~ ~ ~~~ '8 (.'5fe~ <151~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~r<U
~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ <15~C~~ I~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~
~<1C~~ ~ '8 ~ m-r ~ ~~~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ <tSBf ~ fb~~~~
<tSBf ~I ~ ~ ~'
.
~'f'~~~t~J~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ;rM ~~~~ ~~
.
~I 8f '511~ m<pf<!Srn \51~® ;rM fuJJ ~ \51~® ;rM ~(I ~~ ~~~~~t~J~
'5l( ~q~~~ ~ ~ \51~®~ ~ ~ ~ ~I

~~c~9fl~ '5l~~f~ • ~ ~111~ m-r <tStl'!l~ '8 ~ ~ ~

~~ ~~ c~ ~ ~~'!lb-- ~ ~ ~c~c~1 ~~CAJ-9fl~ ¥~rnrn'f •
~~- '5l'i<1~ ~ ~<!$ ~m'f ~ ~c~8:Cil 1 <11\€~~ \5t ~9fJ 1 <t5fdl<t5f\5r iSfl®~
~~ ~~ ~~'f ~\~ ~I ~~®~ ;rr;n ~~'f ~I ~~m ~~
<15~<15~ ~~ C/f~fG?-1 (~b--b--b--) <tsl~<l?-1 ~ <rr~ ~<1!~il1 RqJ~r~ ~"<1"\
CCi"WPf ~rA~~ ~~'f ~~'7tr 1 ii:JH~M~$1' ~ ~~~ c~ ~
~ 'Sl~~~ ~<!$ ~~'f ( ~ ~~s) ~"<1"\ ~tl'!l~, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ct ~ c~c~~
~ ~ ~<!$ ~m'f 9fl'8m <mr 1 <rr'l1RC4~ c~ ~ <tStl'!l#-~~~
mt ~ ~ ( ~ ~ b--~) ~~~~?.! ~ ~<t$ 'lm'f 9fl'8'ID <mT I ~~C~l9fl~
~~~ '!l<%~<iC'Bf ~~ ~\"Cill ~ \5f~9f<f '8 ~ ~~~~' ~~, ~9f'ct
'8 ~~~, mcsmt;qr~ ~ ~ ~ Cdl"~~ ~rA~ ~ ~~~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ ,~"' ~=~' ~ ~~~~ 9(f'8m <mrr
<1~~~ ~~ 'lm'f ~9fJ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '511-£tCC4J ~~ ~
 ( ~0)

(~~~~)~~I ~~~~<ti~<lC'Bf~~~m~ ~'m'Bf~>!~~4S I

~ 16]tm ~Ill~~ ~g~ ~ ~5t11<lrq- 4St31~~, ~<f\ ~ 4SM4S~ ~~
~ ~'@ ~ ~~ct\!> ~ ~~I~~ ~m'1 ~~ m-t~ ~9fmf~ I

~~ ~ ()J, TI14Sr<Prn ~ ~ '¢i~lf5~ 1rfU ~ ~~ ~Qi9f -m~

>ill1est ~~I ~ ~ ~, ~hP'[CJI~h1. Ul4St<Prn 00~ ~
~ c~) -'.!!~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~'~ <rc~ ~ ~ 1 ~' ~ ~~ro~~
~ 00~ ~ ~ (~) ~~ ~~ ~ >1~5);>j ~I ~ ~~C~9fleyrn
c~9lf.n~ 4SM~~ ~ ~, ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ 16l~~~ ~~I ~"ifi~~>!~~~~~ \S C<q~l13~~t$1~~ ~~ ~ ~ TI)~~rn
~ ~ ~~ ~ 4SM~~ ~ 16lN8~~ ~~~