Activated Alumina Defluoridation Instructions

As fluorisis seriously damages the health, our company investigated and designed a fluorine

removal process using activated alumina as a filter material.

Description:

1. Before the raw water contacts the filter material, the pH should be lowered. The decrease value
should be determined by technical and economic comparison. Generally, it should be adjusted to
between 6.0 and 7.0.

2. The raw water may be added with an acidic solution such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or
acetic acid or a carbon dioxide gas to reduce the pH. The dosage should be determined according
to the original water alkalinity and pH value or determined by experiments.

3. The filter speed of the filter can be used in the following two ways:

A When the pH value of the inlet water of the filter is more than 7.0, the intermittent operation
mode should be adopted. The designed filtration rate is 2~3m/h, the continuous operation time is
4~6h, and the interval is 4~6h.
B When the influent pH is less than 7.0, continuous operation can be adopted, and the filtration
rate is 6~10m/h.

4. The flow direction of the raw water through the filter layer may be a bottom-up or top-down
manner. When using a sulfuric acid solution to adjust the pH, a top-down approach is preferred.
When using carbon dioxide to adjust the pH, it is best to use bottom-up

5. The fluorine content of the effluent at the end of the fluorine removal cycle of a single filter
may be slightly higher than 1 mg/L, and the fluorine content of the endpoint should be determined
according to the mixing adjustment ability, but the fluorine content of the treated water after
mixing should be no more than 1.0 mg/L.

6.The periodic adsorption capacity of the filter material is mainly selected according to factors
such as the fluorine content of the raw water, the pH value, the filtration rate, the thickness of the
filter layer, the fluorine content at the end point, and the performance of the filter material.
A. When the pH value is adjusted to 6.0 to 6.5 with a sulfuric acid solution, it is generally 4 to 5 g
(F) / kg (Al 2 O 3 )
B. When using CO2 to adjust the pH value of 6.5-7.0, it can generally be 3~4g(F)/kg(Al2O3).

Regeneration:
1. When the fluorine content of the effluent reaches the end point fluorine content, the activated
alumina should be regenerated. The regeneration solution should be sodium hydroxide solution or
aluminum sulfate solution

2. When regenerating with sodium hydroxide, the regeneration process can be divided into four
stages: first recoil, regeneration, secondary recoil (or rinsing) and neutralization. When the
aluminum sulfate is used for regeneration, the above neutralization phase can be omitted.

3. The first backwashing filter layer expansion rate can be 30% to 50%, the backlash time can be
10-15min, and the flushing intensity depends on the particle size of the filter material, generally
12~16L/m2·s can be used.

4. The regeneration solution should pass through the filter layer from top to bottom; the flow rate,
concentration and dosage of the regeneration solution can be used as follows:
A. Sodium hydroxide regeneration: A concentration of 0.75% to 1% NAOh solution can be
used. The consumption of sodium hydroxide can be calculated by using 8 to 10 g of solid
sodium hydroxide per 1 g of fluoride removed. . The volume of the regeneration liquid is 3 to
6 times the volume of the filter, the regeneration time is 1 to 2 hours, and the regeneration
liquid flow rate is 3 to 10 m/h.
B. Aluminum sulfate regeneration: The concentration is 2% to 3%, and the consumption of
aluminum sulfate can be calculated by 60 to 80 g of solid aluminum sulfate
{AL2(sO4)3·18h2O} per 1 g of fluoride removed. The regeneration time can be 2~3h, and the
flow rate can be 1~2.5m/h. The regeneration solution in the filter must be emptied after
regeneration

5. The secondary recoil intensity can be 3~5L/m2s, the flow direction passes through the filter
layer from bottom to top, and the recoil time can be 1~3h. Rinse with raw water at 1/2 normal
filtration flow, rinse the filter from the top, rinse time 0.5h, rinse time 0.5h

6. Using aluminum sulfate as a regenerant, the pH of the effluent at the secondary recoil end
point should be greater than 6.5, and the fluorine content should be less than 1 mg/L.

7. Sodium hydroxide is used as a regenerant and should be neutralized after secondary recoil (or
rinsing). Neutralization can be adjusted with a 1% sulfuric acid solution to a pH of about 3, and
the influent flow rate is the same as the normal defluoridation process. The neutralization time is 1
to 2 h until the pH of the effluent drops to 8-9.
8. Raw water can be used for the first recoil, secondary recoil, rinsing and preparation of
regeneration solution

9. The first recoil, secondary recoil, rinsing and neutral effluent are strictly prohibited and must
be discarded.