IS 1191 ; 2003 FRAT ATS wed oar Prafeor — ofteniter greracit site weiter ( Far Fre ) Indian Standard HYDROMETRIC DETERMINATIONS — VOCARULARY AND SYMBOLS ( Second Revision ) 1CS01.040.17; 17.120.20 © BIS 2003 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK RHAVAN,9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 April 2003 Price Group 12Fluid Flow Measurement Sectional Committee, WRD 1 FOREWORD ‘This Indian Standard (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft fin by the Fluid Flow Measurement Sectional Committee had been approved by the Water Resources Division Council, ‘This standard was first published in 1959 as 1S 191 : 1959 “Glossary of terms used in measurement of flow ‘of water in open channels’. This standard was mainly based on the first draft ISO proposal submitted by India. Subsequently deriving assistance from ISO/R 772-1968 ‘Gloscary of rerms and symbols used in connection with the measurement of fiquid flow with a free surface’, the second revision was published in 1971 as IS 1191 : 1971 ‘Glossary of terms and symbols used in connection with the measurement of liquid flow with a Tree suctace (first revision)" In the preparation of this second revision, a great deal of assistance (over 95 percent) has been derived from ISO 772 : 1996 ‘Hydrometric determination — Vocabulary and symbols’. The title of this standard, therefore hhas been revised in line with ISO 772 ; 1996. Apart from this, sediment materials as defined in 7.56 have been classified on the basis of particle size range in accordance with IS 1498:: 1970 ‘Classification and identification ‘oF soils for general engineering purposes’. Definitions of terms such as ‘Point integration method! and “Time integration method’ for the sediment sampling under 7.16 ‘Integration method’ and of ‘Range pillars’ under 7.35 “Vertical control’. not presently covered in ISO 772 : 1996 have also been included in this revision. Certain terms with more than one definition, as covered in this standard, are to be used in the context of their application, Further in this standard the following theee principles as adopted in 1SQ 772: 1996 were followed, wherever possibte: 8) Te standardize suitable terms and symbols without perpetuating unsuitable ones. ) To discard any term or symbol used with differing meanings and to replace that term or symbol by fone which has an unequivocal meaning. ©) To exclude terms which are self-evident. ‘Theterminology entries ae presented in systematic order, grouped into sections according to particular methods of determination or in relation to particular subjects. Annex A lists the symbols used in this standard, An alphabetical index is included at the end. “The composition of the Committee responsible forthe formulation of this standard is given in Annex B.Is 1191: 2003, Indian Standard HYDROMETRIC DETERMINATIONS — VOCABULARY AND SYMBOLS ( Second Revision ) 1 SCOPE His standard stipulates terms, detimbons and symbols used in the field of hydrometric ‘determinations. 2 GENERAL TERMS 2.1 Liguid Flow — Movement of a volume of a Substance that 1S nelther a solid nor a gas, tat 1s practically incompressible, that offers insignificant resistance 10 change of shape and that flows freely. ample Water or water with sediment. 2.2. Flow Regime — Site of flow in alluvial streams characterized by a bed configuration of ripples, dunes (lower regime), plane bed (transition), standing waves and antidunes (upper regime), NOTE — The lower regime flow is sub-ctitie eine ow is sper eit the upper 2.3. Steady Flow — Condition in which the discharge does not change in magnitude with respect to time. 24 Unsteady Flow — Condition in which the discharge changes in magnitude with respect to time. 2.5 Uniform Flow — Flow, in an open channel, in which the depth and velocity semain constant along te open chanel [NOTE — Forurtorm ow, the eoctyvecorisconsantalong very sream line. Uniform flow ie posible oly i an open ‘hannel of constant eos-scton, 2.6 Critical Flow — Flow in an open channel, im which the specthie energy 18 a minimum for a given discharge. NOTE — Under this condition the Froude number is equal to ‘unaty od sal surace disturbances annot wavelvpsteam 2.7 Suh.Criticnl Flaw — Flow inn apen channel at less than critical velocity, that has a Froude number of less than unity and in which small surface disturhances, ‘can travel upstream 28 Super Critical Flow — Flow in an open channel at more than critical velocity, that hasa Froude number of greater than unity, and in which small surface disturbances cannot travel upstream, 2.9 Transverse Flow — Flow horizontally perpendicular tn the main direction of flaw parallel tn the axis of the open channel(s) ores 1 Transverse Now is feauentasncated with secondary ow. 2 Transverse lw in open channel with caved pln form causes soper elevation the water surface atthe ouSide of the end 2.10 Stratification of Flow — State of a luid that Consists of two or more layers arranged according to their density, the lightest layer being on top and the heaviest atthe bottom, 2.11 Critical-Depth — Depth of flow at which critical flow occurs. 242 Critieal Velocity — Velocity at critial low. 2.13 Channel — Deep part of a river or other waterway. NOTE — The te can be qualiid djctvally to describe a putea ype of channel, suchas a low-water chanel main ‘Chanel oF a atifiilebanne. 2.14 Open Channel — Longitudinal boundary surface consisting of the bed and banks or sides within ‘which the liquid flows witha free surface. 245 Canal — Man-made channel, usually of regular cross-sectional shape. 2416 Stable Channel — Open chanuel in which d ‘bed and the sides remain essentially stable over a substantial period of time in the control reach, and in whioh the eoour and deposition during the rising and falling stages are negligible, 217 Unstable Channel — Open channel with a control reach that changes frequently and significantly 2.48 Tidal Channel — Open channel in which the flow ie suhjoet tidal notion 2.19 Tidal Waterway — One or more tidal channels ogether with the shallows and the banks or sides by which the water at high tide is bounded. 2.20 Estuary — Partially enclosed body of water in the lower reaches of a river that is freely connected with the sea and which receives fresh water supplies from upland drainage areas.ag 1101 = 2003 2.21 Stream — water owing In an open channet (see 2.23). NOTE — By extension: moving water snd the chanvel containing it 2.22 Current —Liquis flow naa direction. cemaple general 2.29 River — Steam of water In a nawurat open channel 2.24 Alluvial River — River which flows through alluvium formed feom its own deposits, [NOTE — The sediment arid by an alluvia river, except for "he wash lads similar o that inthe bed, 5 Ju has cut itselancel ‘down through part ofthe valley floor (see also 2.26). 2.26 Incised River — River which has formed its ‘channel ay & process of degrauation (see also 2.25), NOTE — The sediment cared by an incised river generally is ‘issimlar vo that in the bed, 2.27 Braided River — River chasacterized by awide land shallow open channel in which low passes through a number of small interlaced channels separated by shoals. NoTEs braided river 2 Generally there istite ono meandering of the main chanel ‘ofatrided ver but meardernginthe minor chanel sual 2.28 Reach — Length of open channel between wo defined cross-sections, hem ie inane me enna fhe main bane of 2.29 Meandering Channel — Channel following a sinuous path, characterized by curved Hlow leading to bank erosion alternating with shoaling. 2.30 Dune — Large bed form having a triangular profile, a gentle upstream slope and a steep downstream slope. place with any uate surface ditorbance that they may peace. They travel slowly downstream 38 sand is move arrester compacatively gate upstese slopes ad depasted on theit steeper downseam slopes, 231 Antidune — Bed form of a curved syinmetrically-shaped sand wave that may move upstream, remain stationary or move downstream, NOTE — Anus re curved in wave tia but they ae in 2.32 Ripple — Small triangular-shaped bed form similar to a dune, smplitwland engthethan diaee Ripple wavelength a lee ‘han 0.6 mand wave eights are less than 006m, 2.33 Thalweg — Line in plan joining the deepest points of stream bed, a channel or a valley (see also 2.34) 2.34 Thaiweg— Line of greatest depth, and thus tne Towest water thread, along the stream channel (see also 2.33) 2.35 Transition Crossover — Inflection reach between two meander loops in which the main flow crosses from one side of the channel to the other. IhOTe — The dept UF ow Ma ansilon Is usuty eauced from normal Seth 2.36 Node, Nodal Point, Inflection Point — Po ‘transition at which the sinuous path crosses the mean axis ofthe meander sysiem, NOTE — Ina meandering sable chanel, te noe mipras Aowasiteam ‘withthe meander loops. Migration can be [revered by the creation a matural or aril bxtustin i the chanel. 2.37 Discliarge— Volume of liquid flowing through ‘@ cross-section in a unit ume, [NOTE — This tem is not synonymous with Now, 2.38 Unit Discharge per Unit Width — Discharge through a unit width of a section at a piven vertical 2.39 Specific Discharge — Discharge per unit area ‘af oatchmant (eee also 7.40), 2.40 Specific Niceharge— Discharge carecpanding toa specific stage or to a specific gauge height (see also 2.39), 241 Stream Gauging — All of the operations necessury for the meaouroment of discharge of & steam, 242 Discharge Measurement — Process of ‘measuring the discharge of liquid in an open channel, 243 Gauge — Device installed at a gauging station fon a streamvopen channel for measuring the level of the surface of the liquid relative to a datum, 2.44 Velocity — Discharge per unit area. 24S Left Bank — Bank 10 the left of an observer, looking downstream, 246 Right Bank — Bank 1 ooking downstream, 2AT Invert — Lowest past of the uuss-section of « natural or an artificial channel 248. Bed Slope, Bottom Slope, Friction Slope (Up Stream) — Difference in elevation ofthe be per honzonial aistance measured mn the direction of tlw. NOTE — The sone i wl mathe ose nthe Sirectone fw 249 Bed Profile — Shape of the bed in a verical plane [NOTE —Theshaoeof hebodmavbeconsideredlonitudinally or transvesey; this shuld be sated. right oF an ebserver1230 Side Slope — Kato of the nonzontal to the veitical components of the bank slope unless stated otherwise, 2.51 Surface Slope — Difference in elevation of the Surface U6 the stream per une distance, imewsured horizontally in the dircetion of flow. 2.52 Surface Drawdown — Local lowering of the water surface in an approach channel, caused by acceleration of the flow passing over an obstacle or through « control 295 Fall — vutterence im elevation ot tne water surface between the exttemities of a defined reach at a given instant of time, for example, as recorded at twin-gange station. 2.84 Top Widur — Width of the open cha measured across the aticam at the water sueface, 2.58 Wetted Perimeter — Extent of wetted contact between a stream of flowing water and its containing ‘open channel, measured in a direction normal to the Flow (sce alee 2.66). 236 Welled Verumeter — Wetted boundary ot an ‘open chanel a a specified section (see ulso 2.55). 2.57 Cross-Section (of a Stream) — Section normal to the mean direction of tlow bounded by the free surface and wetted pertmeier of the streat. 2.58 Gauging Section, Measuring Section — Section in which discharge measurements are taken. 2.59 Measuring Reach — Reach of open channel selected for measurement of hydraulic parameters, 2.60 Converging Meach Reach in which the ‘erass-sectional area gradually decreases in the direction of flow. 2.61 Expanding Reach — Reach in which the Chuss-settivnal sea gradually direction of low. 2.62 Flood Mark, Trash Line, Debris Line — Traces of any kind left on the banks or obstacles or ‘ood plain by a flood (see 7.6). [SUE — tne food mark may be use to dete Me ips level atained bythe water urice during 3 ood, 2.63 Normal Velocity Distribution — Velocity distibution in a staight open channel of uniform ‘ross section which is of suificient length to develop tuniform, racictanre-contrnled Flow 2.64 Surface Velocity — Velocity of a liquid at its surface ata given point, 2.65 Mean Velocity Depth — Depth below the th the mean velocity on a vertical IS 1191 : 2003, 2.60 Mean Velocity (at a Cross-Section) — Velocity ata given: n,obtained by dividing the discharge by the cross-sectional area (of the stream at that section, oss-section ofa sues 2.67 Mean Velocity (of a Rea caloulated by dividing the discharge by the average cerass-sectional area ofthe stream along the reach. 2.68 Velocity of Approach, Approach Velocity — Mean velocity atacross-section ata specified distance tupsteeam of a measuring device. ) — Velocity 2.69 Velocity Head Head duc to velocity, equal to the vertical height through which a fall under the influence of gravity alone would give the liquid velocity equal to the actual velocity, expressed as the square ofthe velocity divided by twice the acceleration due to gravity. NOTE — The veloity head is the hints energy ofthe flow (otal ead ine) 2.70 Gauged Head — Level of the water surface, ot stage, related to the inverse ofthe flume or weir crest level ae datum. 2.71 Plecometrie Head — Elevation of the thee surface plus the pressure head: at any cross-section, is the total head above the datum minus the velocity head at that cross-section, 2.72 Total Head, Energy Head Sum of the flovation of the free surface shave the harizantl datum of a section plus the velocity head based on the ‘mean velocity at that section (see 2.78 and Fig. 6) NOTE — The total head, His given by the following ‘expression f= neadof guid ovals = mean velocity of he igi 8 = sceleation duet gravy ‘The Coriolis coefficient (221) takes into account the ‘on-viform velocity asuibaon Inmany cases, is asumcd ‘wequal ny 2.73 Total Head Line, Energy Head Line — Plot of the totatnead inthe direction oF tlow (see Fi. 6). 2.74 Total Head Level — Sum ofthe elevation of the free surface plus the velocity head based on the mean velocity at te section, 2.75 Energy Gradient — Difference in total head ‘per unit horizontal distance measured inthe direction of flow. 2.76 Energy Loss, Head Loss — Difference in total head between two cross-sections in the direction of flow (see also 2.77).1 1191 : 2003 2.77 Energy Loss, Head Loss — Decrease in total head. expressed in units of height, due to energy dissipation (see also 2.16). 2.78 Specific knergy — Sum ofthe elevation ot the free surface above the bed and the velocity head based ‘on the mean velocity at that section (see 2.72) 2.79 Stage, Gauge Helght, Liquid Level — Elevation of the tree surtace of a stream, lake or reservoir relative toa specified datum (see 2.116) 280 Gauge Meight of Zero Flow — Hlighest point onthe thalweg downstream from the gauge inanatural or artificial channel 2.81 Gouge Height of Zero Flow Line Line on a shiltdiagram where the sum ofthe stage pls the shift adjustments equal tothe gaugeheightatzer0 flow for the rating. 2.82 Stage-Dischorge Relation oF table that expresses the velaton between the stage and the diseharge in an open channel at a given cross-section, fora given condition of steady, rising or falling stage (see Fig. 1 Curve, equation Sten DISCHARGE, mie Fic. | Stace DiscHaRGe RELATION 2.83 Stage Hydrograph — Graphical representation ‘ol changes in stage with respect to ume, 2.84 harge Hydrograph — Graphical representation of changes in discharge wath respect to time. 2.83. Sift Adjustment — Correction made wW the recorded stage to compensate for vertical movement ‘of the bed or for shifing of the control reach, 2.86 Cumulative Volume Curve, Mass Discharge ‘Curve — Curve in which the cumutauve volume of Flow or flow mass is plotted against time. 2.87 Gauging Station — Site selected on a stream, river or open channel at which systematic ‘measurements of water level or discharge, or both, are mode. RR Single.Gange Station — Ganging station at ‘which stage records from a single gauge are adequate to cstablish a stage discharge relation, 289 Twin-Gange Station — Gauging station at which two waterlevel gauges define a reach for ‘measurment of water surface slopes as an essential parameter for establishing a stage-discharge relation. 2.90 Control — Physical properties of a cross- Sevtioi ot a teach oF au open etranel, elder Haut 0 artificial, that govern the relation between stage and. discharge at a location in the open channel 2.91 Rating — Relation between discharge and other, variables, or the taking of observations and making of calculations needed to establish the relation. 2.92 Calibration Kaung (of a Station) — Establishment of a discharge relation with the ‘measured variables, 2.93 Unit Fall Rating — Relation between stage and discharge when the fal is equal to 1 m. 2.94 ‘Discontinuous Rating — Rating tat exnibits ‘a change in shape resulting trom change from a lower to upper flow regime in all or part ofthe control reach. NOTE — The change in shapes ually abrupt. 2.95 Shift Diagram — Curve or set of curves expressing the relation between stage and shift adjustment for a given eating 2.96 Afflux — Rise in liquid level immediately tpstream of and due to an obstruction, 2.97 Backwater — Afflux upstream from a given Jocation on an open channel resulting from impedance offered to flow. [NOTE — Backwater may be caused by momenury erage in a ‘dawn 2.98 Rackwater Curve — Profile of water surface, concave upwarde, along an open channel, from tho raised surface at an obstruction or confluence to the point upstream at which the flow is at normal depth, NOTE — The trm is also used to denote all quid surface fils that are non-uniform with respect o distance upsteam Ordownsream, However, his usage s depressed 2.99 Drawdown Curve — Profile of the liquid surface when ts surface slope exceeds ihe bed slope. NOTE — From the point at which the bed slope increases, raps abrupt the point st whieh normal depth ours the profileslong an open channels coavex upwards nan upsteam ‘rection and concave upwards in downstream direction 2.100 Depth — Linear dimes ‘eitieal uirextivn fron de water suefave «the Led. sn measured in the2.101 Normal Depth ~~ Depth from the water surfuee t© the bowom grade line of a channel, for uunitorm tlow. [NOTE — Normal deoth isa function ofthe penmets sone and roughness ofthe chanel and the rat af Scare 2.102. Length — Linear dimension measured in the rection of the strewn flow 2403 Width, Breadth — Linear dimension ‘measured perpendicularly 10 the direction of the stream, 2.104 Frazil Ice — Fine spicules. plates or discoids of ice suspended in water that are generally formed by the super cooling of turbulent water. sure-— raz ee may feat or accurate under te cover oF ete wth ica be io ee, 2.105 Anchor Ice Submerged ice found attached (o the bed, jnvespective of Ure nature of its formatio 2.106 Rime Ice — White mass of tiny ive exystals ot _granutar ice tufts formed, on exposed objects, due 10 atmospheric moisture, 2.107 Surtace Ice, Lee Cover, Iee Sheet — Layer ot ice formed on the surface of a lake or river. 2.108. Slush Ice — Mass of loosely packed anchor that is released from the bottom. of frazil ice that floats or accumulates under surface ice 2.109. Peak Stage — Maximum instantaneous stage uring 2 given period (see 2.43 and 6.6), 2.110 Friction, Drag — Boundary shear resistance ‘that eppooes the flow of a liquid. 2.111 Conveyance Factor, K— Conveyance factor (doprccatead) cantying capacity of channel K-93" where = total escharg, and S = helo 2.112 Hydraulic Jump — Sudden transition from ‘superceitical flow to eub ertical flow. NOTE — immediately upsream of the Aygraule jump, the loviy an he Ua ae especies, gown ess da Use cea! values: beyond the jump th elciy ap the depth sro respectively lve ad greater than their critical vale 2.113 Hydraulic Mean Depth, Mean Depth — Arca of the erovs section of water flowing in an open channel divided by the width of the open elanne! at te water surface. 2.114 Hydraulic Radius — Cross-sectional area of \water flowing in an open channel divided by the length of the wetted perimeter at that cross-section. IS 1191 : 2003 2.113 Stage Gauge — Device installed for ‘measuring the level ofthe surface of the iquid relative toa gauge datum, 2.116 Gauge Datum — Elevation of the zero of the ‘gauge, 10 which the level of the liquid surface is, referred, [NOITE.— The gauge damm i elated toa benchmark, 2.117 Benchmark — Permanent mark, the elevation of which should be related, where practicable. to a satiamal atm, 2.118 Gauge Well, Stilling Well -~ Chamber open to the atmosphere and connected with the stream in such a way as to permit the measurement of the stage in relatively atill water, 2.119 Stilling Tuhe — Tuhe connected with the stream in such a way as to permit the measurement of the stage in relatively still liquid. 2.120 Float Well eve io used, 2.121 Rugosity Coefficient, Roughness Coefficient — Cvefficlemt inat characterizes tne roughness of the Wetted penmeter and which is taken intoaccount when ‘computing the resistance to flow. 2.122 Friction Coefficient — Coefficient used 10 calculate the energy gradient caused by friction 2.123 Froude Number, Fr — Mean velocity divided by the square root of the product ofthe mean dopth and the acceleration duo to gravity: Stilling well in which a float where F = mean velocity of the liquid; g acceleration due to gravity: and D mean depth of the cross section. [NOTE — The Froude number i imensoniess. 2424 Reyuulds Number, Re — Rativ of ue forces of inertia to forces of viscosity For open channels: «2 v where F —= mean velocity ofthe liquid, B= mean depth of the cross-section; and. v= kinematic viscosity of the liquid. [NOTE — Th Reynolds auriber ie eimenstntess, 2.125 Weber Number, W, — Patio of the forcer of inertia to surface tension forces.Is 1191 + 2003 For open channels: where P= density ofthe liquid: ¥__= mean velocity ofthe lig D ‘mean depth of the cross-section; c= surface tension ofthe liqu [NOTE — The Weber number i dimensionless, 2.126 ‘Telemetry — Data or information acquisition system in which the measurement facility is sufficiently remote from the location of data presentation that a system of data wansmissions is recess. 2.127 Remote Sensing (yarometryy — ‘Acquisition of data or information on some property of an object or phenomenon by a sensor which ie significantly remote from the objet oF phenomenon, Noes 1 Common usage ofthis erm asl implies thahe sensors tron anasto apace en T's commended tha thet net he aplid when the Senior merely is otncont wih he objet or phenomencn 28 Remote Telemetry Station — All the lites necessary to accept or to acquire measured data and to transmit the data from a hydrometric station without numan sntervention. 2.129 Remote Telemetry Unit — Set of equipment ‘which acquires the input of signals from sensors and status indigavors, and perfor required to presenta data message to acommunication link all the processes 2.130 Redundancy — Employment of extra Tacilities, each eapable of performing the same Tunetion, in order to improve the reliability of a particular funetion. 2.131 Encoding — Process of converting data to a specific code, 2.132. Parity Check — Addition of an extra hit sothat the total number of bits in a sample is either always even or always odd 2.133 Code —Set of rules which specifies the format in which data may be represented, 2134 System — Set of elements organized to perform a set of designated functions in order to achieve the desired results. 2.135 Data, Raw Data — Output resulting directly {rom the measurement of variables 2.136 Information — Result of analyzing or interpreting data. 2.137 Rnergy — Quantity characterizing, thea oa system to do work (see 2.138), 2.138 Power — Time-rate of transferring energy or of transforming energy, or of doing work (see 2.139). 2.139 Wark — Transfer of energy expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which its point of application moves in the direction ofthe force. 2.140 Hardware — Tangible equipment associated ‘with a system, 2141 Software — Intangible element of a system, ‘which, when applied to the hardware, enables the 0078 oz 48 sy Gel Pars 0580 i > 80105300 vi) Bower >300 248 UNCERTAINTIES IN HYDROMETRIC DETERMINATIONS 8.1 Resolution — Quantitative expression of the ability of an indicating device to distinguish meaningfully between closely adjacent values of the quantity indicated, 8.2 Precision —Closeness of agreement between the results obtained by applying the experimentat procedures several tfmes under prescribed conditions. [NOTE —Thesmallerthe random prtotheexperime ih affect the es, th ore prised roa B.S Average Value, ¥ — Arithmetic mean of reading of the value x re!Sy Sensitivity Coetient, afuence Coeticent 0, — Ratio ofthe change in a result R to a change in an input parameter [NOTE —Inelative ems this becomes = ake ‘avn 8.5. Frequency Distribution — Relationship between the measured values of variable and their frequency of occurrence, 8.6 Population — Totality of items under consideration, 8.7 Sample — One or more items taken from a. population and intended to provide information on the Population, and possibly to serve as a basis for a decision concerning the population or the process which produced 88 Sample Size, n — Number of items included in the sarmple, 89 True Value — Value which characterizes a quantity perfectly defined in the conditions which exist when that quantity is considered, NOTE — 1 ican eal vali which cam he determine ony t alleauses of measurement err ae elimina. 2.10 Number of Degrees of Freedom, v — In general, the number af observations minns the number fof parameters. Example ‘The standard deviation is said to have (nL) degrees of freedom because, forthe estimation ofthe mean, itis necessary to use one degree of freedom. 8.11 Devi quantity and a NOTE —Paniculery in wales, the reference value e frequen the arithmetic mean of sexes of measurements 18 — Difference herween the value of a standard reference value 2s 1S 1191 : 2003 8.12. Experimental Standard Deviation, s—For seties of x measurements of the same measure and, the parameter characterizing the dispersion of the results, s where xi = result of the ith measurement; and ¥ = arithmetic mean of the x results considered. ores. 1 The experimental standard devision should not be confised withthe standard deviation of a population of size Nand of ‘mean given by he formula Sin mi? 2 Ife series of n measurements considered tobe an example ‘of population, «4 an estimate Of the populston Standard 8.13 Experimental Standard Deviation of the Mean, 5 (x) — Estimate of the standard deviation of the arithmetic mean x with respect to the mean m of the overall population: 8.14 Experimental Variance, s* — Measure of the seaiter or spread of a distribution, estimated by calculating the sum of the squares of deviations of ‘measurements about the mean, divided by the number cof degrees of freedom, Dei-2? 8.5 Residual Variance, sR — Square of the standard error of estimation (see 7.31 8.16 Weight of Measurement, wi — Number which expresses the degree of confidence in the result of a ‘measurement of a certain quantity, in comparison with the result oF another measurement of the same quantity. 8.17 Arithmetic Weighted Mean, Weighted ‘Average,Zu Sum ofthe products of each value and its weight of measurement divided by the sum of the weights of measurement. f DwIs 1191 003, 8.18 Calibration — Process of comparing the response of a measuring device with a calibrator or a ‘measuring standard over the measurement range. 3.19 Catipraion Hierareny — Chain of calibrations hich Tink oF trace a measuring device toa primary standard. 8.20 Normal Distribution, Laplace-Gausstan Distribution — Probability disinbutionof continuous random variable x such thatthe probability density is: 109 shea HZ] standard deviation of the normal distribution. 1 2 o 8.21 Method of Least Squares — Technique used to compute the enefficients af an equation, when 8 particular form of equation is chosen for fitting acurve lodata, [NOTE — The principle of dhe method of leas squares isthe ‘miimizationof he sumo squares of dewaton. the da rom 22 Regression — Process of quantifying the dependence of one varlable on one oF more otter variables (see also 7.23), 8.23. Regression, Least Squares — Procedure for determining the unknown constants of a proposed model in such a manner that predictions from the madel are as cloce ne pascihle ta the data (eve i — Often as ‘cote as possible” taken to mean that he ‘im oF sures ofthe devant 6a muNUM. MARY Of salable computer programmes suable for curve-fing lave the word eyes bee VALUE OF QUANTITY ot ‘rave value ‘ouaniry (UNeNovN-of "WE OURO WEA CONaTANT VALUE OF Tic QUANTITY FIG, 24 DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATING THE TERMS. 26 8.24 Error of Measurement — Result of @ measurement minus the true value of the measurand. NOTES. 1 The em ates caval wine te nconectd re and —ieconetede 2.The known pars of the eror of measremen may be Sonpensae by applying appeprse oestons. The er ot techies sean onifbetharacensedby anne. 8.25 Absolute Error of Measurement — Result of ‘a mearurement minue the conventional true value of the measurand NUIES 1 The erm reas equally —teinicnion, 2 The huuir pats uf dhe cue Uf weasureiien way be ‘compenaiedby applying appropisiecomections. "The enor of ‘hecorected etl an only be characterized by an uncer. 2 “Alnwhuicu whi hangs wtb enamel ile shsolut value ofan enor which isthe modulus of en emer 8.26 Outlier — Observed value in aset of data which appears tobe inconsistent with the remainder of the set ‘af data 8.27 Spurious Error — Error which invalidates a ‘measurement (see Fig. 24). NOTE — Ik generally has single ease, such asthe incorect recotdingof one or mote significant digi orth malfunction of insieoments, 8.28 Random Error measurement which, in the course of a number of ‘measurements of the same measurand, varies in an unpredictable way (see Fig. 24). [NOTE —Its not posible to correct for random er 8.29 Systematic Error — Component of the error of ‘measurement which, in che course of a number of ‘measurements of the same measurand, remains constant or varies in a predictable way (see Fig. 24), [NOTE — Systematic errs ad ther causes may be known. Component of the error of pascow steep ne Sree stgcen ar secre] TF systenaric enn uns RELATING TO ERRORS AND UNCERTAINTIES8.30 Elemental Error — Random orsystematic error associated witha single source or process in achain of sources or processes. 8.31 Standard Error of Estimation, Residual Standard Deviation, s, — Measure of dispersion of. the dependent variable (output) about the least squares line abtained by curve-fitting or regression analysis where n= number of data points, and A = aumber of coe'icients in the equation, OLE — Inis equation similar to the expression for stanaara deviation, excep tha the cuve ft value Frploes the eae vale Fand replace 8.92 Confidenve Limits — Lowes and wppes lists hice Uie Wue value is expected to lie with assuming negligible ayatemat 8.33 Confidence Level — Probability that the true value will lie between the specified confidence limits, assuming negligible systematic error [NOTE — The confidence level is expressed asa percentage 8.34 Student's! Dicteibution Distribution of the doviatione of the mean values ofthe eampl. population means, expressed as a proportion of the sample standard deviation (the samples being taken from normal distributions), from the ay IS 1191 : 2003 Example (ha where (€djy futon unceranty at dhe 95 percent cuntidence level tos -= appropriate value of Students and sample standard deviation, kis usedtosetthe confidence lit ofthe population ‘mean, nprticlarin cases where the mean hasbeen estimated fromsmallsampes 1 sobtsned from ables giving the umber ofdepresf redo andthe enaidene eve where: where jis the population mean. 8.35 Uncertainty, e() — Estimate characterizing the range of valves within which the true value of a measurand lis. 8.36 Random Uncertainty, o,, -— Component of Uncertainty associated with a randam error (eee Fig 24) NOTE i offot on th ean ale canbe any measurements 8.37 Systematic Uncertainty, ex() — Component of uncertainty associated with systematic erro. NOTE — Is est cana be reduced bv taking many 8.38 Accuracy — Qualitative expression for the clogeness of a measured value to the true value, [NOTE — The quamitaie expression of accuracy shoul be in tems oFuncerainy- Good accuracy imps smal random ane by ting1 1191 : 2003 ANNEX A (Foreword) SYMBOLS USED IN HYDROMETRIC DETERMINATIONS “Quant Toad aD) ote Sa Coen Chez eefcen “Total depth Geometric mean particle diameter Particle diameter _ thrust lension) Total (energy) head Bulk (or volume) modulus of elasticity Length Weited perimeter ‘Total discharge Electrical resistance Result ofa meas Slope, bedslope 7 ¥ Transmissivity __ fal mils Volume vu me Wein MLT ON Porconage enorofe t F Shape factor 7 u Sulratce wi Unit breadth (width) (partial) L m ML gi ur ms L m T r Hz mk? me Bel ffl lela lel alels fi 2818 1191 : 2003, Quanity aymoot Dimensions _S1 Units Adjustment factor _ k : Effective roughness height k L u ‘umber of sures at erin ae Lenah pai Mase _ Side slope (cross slope) _ nm Manning easfficient » Lr ofml? Number of measure a 7 7 Sample size . : __ Rotational epood * rT satis Height of weir > Lom Height of fume invert - __» 1 ™ Pressure A MULT? Probability. _ P i lischarge - _ 4 Rate of injection of chemical trac 4 Rate of campting 2 Radius _ r L m Experimental standard deviation 5 . . Experimental standard deviation of the mean 2@ . ° __ J _ sk : : $ : : Residual variance owe : : Tm ' T = Oo 1 ' : Velocity _ v ur mis x velocity component _ u ur! mis y velocity component v ur! ms = ” Variable quaniiy x ° - Average value z . . Weighted average ie ° ° Cooramate oa L m —— " E " Thonvodyoamictonperaue ° _ Dimensional sensitivity coefficient - é - . 7 Radian measure - - x : rad Angle _ a 7 ted Energy correction factor (canal « 7 r 2918 1191 : 2003 Quantity Symbol Dimensions _S1 Units Buuunkaty layer Uinplaveusent thickness é L M Uncertainty E —_ . Efficiency on Temperate (ona) ~ a7 a © Wavelength a L m me Mer! » ert Numberot degrees otireedom v . . Head loss per unit length ' os Mass per unit volume (density) 9 ML* kg/m Sundar deviation _ Surface tension oA ML? Nim Shear stress. . t ML"T _Pa(or N/m’) ‘Thompson's T - v 7 Froude number _ Correction factor for measured discharge in open channels Fm . . ky L m e mber Re * : _ Hydraulic mean depth he L = Hydraulic radius (hydraulic mean depth) my L m Weber uuinbes We ‘ ‘ Titipr wh whonwine spostolly sated we dione i ir mon genoa frm Bor ay spose {wo-wch symboi may be qulifed by acubuept | or 2indcate“petea' and downer’ nepectvely where racecar. and aS teplined vo indicate the overt meaning, * Diiasionl order depends om its meaning in coma { Nowdimensionl guaniy 30Is 1191 £2003 ALPHABETICAL INDEX A Abnormal conditions of equipment use Absolute error of measurement Abutme Accuracy Acoustiv velocity meter. Activity, volumetsc. 6.62 825 47 8.38 6.54 5.33 Adjustment, shift 2.85 Adsorption on 5.13 Atilus, 2.96 Airline correction... 3.13 Alluvial river 2.24 Amplitude Bas Anchorage... Anchor ice. ‘Antidune Approach channel. Approach velocity ‘Arca, hazardous Avithmetic weighted mean Atomic absomption flame spectrometey. Atomic emission flame spectrometry ‘Avorage suspended concentration Average value. Average, weighted. B Background concentration, Backlash. Backwater Backwater eurve. Baffle Battle pier Balance. servobeam. Bank, left Bank, sight Baseline Basin, stiling Rand Beoquerel Bed load. Bed material... Bed material loa Bed profile Bed slope Beer-lambert law. Benchmark Rit Block, control Block, energy-breaking 44 Block, weir, 4.16 Board. bridge winch 635 Body, weir 416 Bowwom slope Bottom withdrawal tube. Boulder Braided river... Breadth so Bridge winch board... Broad-crested weir.. Bubbler technique Bulb, elastic pressure Bulk density. Byte. c Cable, main Cable, suspension. Cable, tow., Cableway system.. Calibration... Calibration hierarchy. Calibration tank. Catalan Carrier. Channel Channel, approach... ‘Channel, meander ‘Channel, open. ‘Channel, stable... Channel, storage ‘Channel, tidal ‘Channel, unstable Classified worker. Clay Clinging nape. Cobble Code. se Coefficient, discharge . Coefficient, fiction. Coefficient, influence... Coefficient, roughness. Coefficient, rzosity... Coefficient, sensitivity Cootiet vera veloc. 3A Colorimerry 337 ‘Component propeller-iype curent-meter 6.18 Compound structure. ais Compound weir, 413 Concentration, average. suspended. rz Concentration, background. 36 Concentration, mean suspended soe TL Concentration, sediment 7101S 1191 2003, ‘Concentration sediment time-weighted mean suspended... Conditions of equipment use, abnormal... Conditions of storage and transport Conditions, operating ‘Conductivity method Confidence level Confidence limits Constant fall stage-discharge relation Constant level tank. Corntant rate injection methOW wren Cmacon oa app, lly developed Contto.. Contro! block. Controt horizontal Conti, evel Contso}, vertical Control seetivi Converging reach Conveyance Comreetion, ar ine Comreetion, wet line Crest stage gauge dep Criticaldepth fume Critical flow Critical velocity Cross-seetion Cross-seetion-meter Crossover. Cobature. Cumotative volume curve Cup-type current-meter. Curent Current, density Current, ebb.. Current, food Curvent- meter. - Current-meter, component. propeller type Curcent-meter, eup-type Critic Curtemt-ineter, electromagnet Curtent-meter, propeller-iype. Currentueter, reference Cunt (Current-meter, standard. Curve, backwater. Curve, cumulative volume . Curve, drawdown Curva, looped stag Curve, mass discharge. Conve. starnge Curve, vertical velocity Cycle tidal peter, ro.sng-€len ‘icoharge Data Data. raw Datum, gauge Day, tidal... Debris ine Default mode. Degree of mixing, Degrees of freedom, number of Delta, reservoir. Density, bulk. Density, current... Dept... Depth, entical Depin, hydraulic mean Depth, mean Depth, mean velocity Deviation, experimental standard Deviation, experimental standard, of the mean. 8.13 Diagram shit Diameter, eometrie mean particle. Diameter, mean particle Diameter, median particle Diameter. nominal Diameter, projected. Diameter, sedimentation Diameter, sieve... Dilution factor... Dilution gauging. Dilution rato... Direct method of measurement Discharge... Discharge measurement. ‘Discharge per unit width ‘Discharge, specine Discharge, unt... Discominuous rating Disuibution, frequency ‘bution, Laplave-Gaussia.. Distribution, normal... Distribution, size. 7.26 Distribution, Student's... 834 Diiwemal inequality nner 13.51, 3.52 Divide wall : on AAS Rouble drm winch 34 Double float 643 Double gauging 433 Downstream total head 445 Drag 7 2.110 Drawdown curve. 2.99 2Drift 35,36 Drift velocity 37 Drowned flow. 431 Donen 2.29 Duration of tide. 348 E bb curvent Ebb dive, Ebb volume. Echo sounder: Bifivieney, goomeirie Elastle pressure bulb, Electrode, ion-selective Electromagnetic current-meter biecuomagetc gauging sation Electronvolt Elemental error Encoding nergy. “ Energy-breaking block ray gradient Energy head. Energy head line... ' Energy loss 2.16, 2.77 Energy, specific 278 Environmental factor 1 657 Epper effect 6.28 Equipment, suspension. 627 Equipment use, abnormal conditions of 6.62 Enor, elemental. 630 Error, random. 8.28 Error, spurious, “827 Error, systematic... 329 Enror of estimation, standard. 831 Error of measurement.. 8.24 Estuary. 2.20 Fxpanding reach 261 Experimental standard deviation 812 Experimental standard deviation of the mean. 8.13 Fxperimental variance Rg F Factor, dilution Sd, $15 Factor, environmental. 631 Factor, influencing. 657 Fall 283 Fall method, normal . 331 Fall stage discharge relation 333 Fall stage-discharge relation, normal 331 Tall velocity 728 Fitter fluorimeter 541 Filtration method 721 Plante 212 33 18.1191 : 2003, Flat V weir Float. : Float, double.. loot gauge. Float gauging Float, r0d senor lust, sub-sun fue Float, surface Float well Floating sipher Flood current Flood mark Flood tide, Flood volume. Flow, critica Flow, drowned. low, Iree surtace. Flow, gauge height ot zero, How, liquid ... Flow, mean direction of Flow modular Flow, non-modular. Flow, steady. Flow, stratification of... Flow, sub-critical. Flow, supercritical. Flow, transverse . Flow, uniform, Flow, unsteady .. Flow line, gauge heghtofzeo Flow regime Flame Flume, ritical-depth Flume, Parshall... Flume Sa Flume. shor-throated. Flume, standing wave. Flume. Venturi. Flnorescence Fluorescence quenching. 412 640 643 Free surface flow. Freedom number of degrees of. Froquency distribution. Frictio o Friction coefficient Friction, lope US. Froude number wns Pall reservoir leve... Fall-width weir. Tully acrated nape oon Fully developed contraction of nappe, Fully ventilated nappe...Is 1191 : 2003 S Gas purge techniaue.. Gauge. Gauge, erect tage. Gauge, float Gauge, hook Gauge, inclined, Gauge. point Gauge, ramp Gauge, reference. Gauge, sat Gauge, stage Gauge, vertical on ig, wire weight Gauge datum. Gauge eight. Gauge nergnt ot zero tow Gauge height of zero flowline... Gange well Gauged head Gauging, viluivn.. Gauging, double... Gauging, float Gauging, stream. Gauging reel Gauging sect . Gauging station. 287 ‘Gauging station, electromagnetic. 635 Geomettic efficiency Geometric mean particle diameter Gradient, velocity verticals Grain size Grain size distr Gravel . Gravimetric method... Guide vane, H Malttite 528 Hands estes, o sus 632 Hardware... Hazardous area. Head, downctream total “AAS Head, energy 2D Hear, gauged 270 Head, piezometic.. 21 Head. total 27 Head, upstream total... 446 Head, velocity. 2.69 Head level, tral 274 Head line, energy. 273 Head line total. 273 Head loss. 276,277 Head over the weir, Height, gauge Height of weir jorarchy, ealibration Horizontal control Hydraulic radius. Hrydrograpn, discharge... Hydrograph, stage Hydrometer. Hydrometer method Hystereoia, inatrumental Hysteresis of de stage-discharye relation Tee, anchor ee, facil. Ice, rime, Tee, slush.. Incised river... Inclined gauge Indirect method of measurement .. Inflection point Influence coefficient... Influencing facwor Information. Injection, multiple. jection method, constant rate Inotantancous sampler... Instrumental hysteresis Integration method (¢ilution metnod) Integration method (sediment sampling). Integration method (velocty-area measurement) 3.18 535 247 534 5.26 Ton-selective elecerode.. Tsotope.... Isotopic solution J Jump, hydraulic L Lag, sulting well... Laplace-Geaussian distribution... Law, Beer-Lamber Teast squares, method of 821,823, 34Left bank, Length on. Length, mixing . Level, confidence Line, range. Line, sounding. Line, stay . Line, tag.. Line, trash Liguid level Liquid level recorder Load, bed. Load, bed material Load, suspended Load, total Load, wash, Long: base weir. Looped stage-discharge curve Loss, energy. Loss, head. Low water. Main cable... ‘Manometer, servo. Mariotte vessel Mark. flood Mass, specific Cn Mass discharge curve .. Material. bed. Material load, bed. Material, sediment Mean, arithmetic weighted Mean depth Mean direction of flow Mean particle diameter ‘Mean section segment. ‘Mean suspended concentration Mean velocity. Mean velocity depth ‘Meandering channel Measure, performance. Measurement, absolute error of, Measurement, error of... Measurement, dircet method of. Measurement, discharge. Measurenici,iaisorc inetd OF Measurement, weight of. Measuring reach Is 1191 : 2003 Meaouting seutivn ‘Median particle diameter Meter, current, Meter, velocity, ultasunie (acvusic). Meuod, conducuviry Method, const fal Method, constant rate injection. ‘Metnod, deptn-integration. 2.38 Method, filtration... ‘Method, gravimettie..n. Metnoa, nydrometer... nn Ta ‘Method integration (dilution method), 24 Method, integration (sediment sampling)... 7.16 Method, negation (veloc area ‘measureMeMt) ere soe 3.18 ‘Method, moving boat vo BL Method, normal fall. 331 i 14 3.19 Method, sedimenaton-decaniaion-evaperation 7.20 Method, slope-af@8snnnsnsnnnnnninninnin 3D Method, transit time Method, velocity-area Method of least squares sow 8 Method of measurement, direct on TB Method of measurement, indirect. 1 T19 Midsection segment ..m Minimum speed of response ... Mining degree of. Mixing, length. Mode, default Modular flow. Modular Moving boat method Multiple injection. . Nappe. Nappe, folly aerated Nappe, fully developed contraction of. Nappe, fully ventilated Nappe, unconfined Normal distribution . Normal fall method ‘Normal fall stage-discharge relation. ‘Nouunal pouded 16901 vo Nounal velocity Number of degrees of fieedom 391S 1191 : 2003 Number, Frove.. 2% Number, Reynolds. 2124 527 Number, Weber, 2135 5.28 ' 528 ° isotopic colt 629 . Radius, hydraulic “a4 Gen theory Ramp gauge.. sane 62 nen channel Operating conditions. Random eft 828 Outlier Random uncertainty Be ange, ti : Overal performance level. moe 38 Range of values 639 Pp Ranging rod. 750 Panel 7.52 Parity check 2.81, 2.92 Parshall flume. 204 Particle diameter, eometrie mean 293, Particle diameter: mean 623 Panicle diameter, median . 5 Parte sie. 731 Ratio, submergence. 432 Particle size distribution Ta Raw data 135, Peak stage 2.109 Reach.. 7 Pendant wire 6.39. Reach, converging Reach, expanding Reach, measuring... Realtime. Recorder, liquid level. Performance, timing Performance level, overall Performance measure Perimeter, wetted. Period of pulsation Reconder, stage. Pier, baffe. Redundane Piezometric head Reel, gauging. Pipette method Reference current-meter Pitch, peopeller Reference gauge . Pitch rotor. Regime, flow. Pocket, separation Regression Point, inflection Relation, constant fall stage-discharge Point, nodal Relation, fall stage-discharge.. Point gouge Relation, hysteresis ofthe stage discharge nn 3.38 Point integrating sampler. Relation, normal fll stage Point method. Relation, sens Population. Relation, slope stage-discharge. Power Relation, stage-discharge on. Precision Remote sensing Prism, tidal Remote telemetry station Profile bed... Remote telemetry unit Reservoir Reservoir, normal ponded Reservoir, rate of sedimentation of. Reservoir; trap efficiency of . Projected diameter. Propeller pitch . Propeller-type current-meter Palsation, period of, Pase Receroir delta Pumpine some Reservoir level, full Pyenometcr Residual standard deviation Residual variance a Resolution Response, minimum speedo Quenching, Nuorescence 542 Repvolds number ee Right bank 36Rime ice. 2.106 Ripple... 232 River 223 River. alluvial 224 River braided 227 River. incised. 2.25, 226 Rod. ranging 750 Rod. sounding. 637 Rod. velocity, 644 Rod. wading. 638 Rod Moat 64d Rontgen. sw Rotating-element current-meter 6s Rotor pitch 620 Roughness coefficient 2.001 Rugosity coefficient 2421 s Salt-water wedge 485 Sample . 87 Sample size Rg ‘Sanupler. depth-integrating, 733 ‘Sampler. instantaneous. 734 ‘Sampler. point-integrating, 738 Sampler. pumping. 736 ‘Sampling cross-section 5.16 ‘Sampling station 5.16 Sand 756 Saniiei flume. 46 Scintillator su Section, conteol aay Section, gauging 258 Section. measuring 258 Sediment 7 Sediment concentration 7.10 Sediment concentration, time-weighted mean suspended 7 Sediment material 786 Sediment transport 72 Sedimentatinn-deea ion-evaporation method Sedimentatinn diameter Sedimentation the Sedimentation of reservoir, rate of. Segment, mean section Segment, midsection Seiche Son Sensitivity coefficient Sensitivity of the stage-discharge relation Sensor Separation pocket Serve beam balance: Servo manometer. Serve system. 4.39, 440 69 69 68 Is 1191 : 2003, Settling velocity 128 Shift adjustment 285 Shift diagram 298 Short-rested weir 49 Short-thraated fiime 478 424 Side slope 250 Sieve diameter 1d Sil 7.56 Siltometer 729 Single-gaige station 2.88 Sinker 6.36 Siphon, floating . 59 Size, grain 737 Size, particle 737 Size, sample a8 ze distribution 1.26 Size distribution, grain ™ Size disteiution, particle 727 Slope, hed 248 Slope, bottom 2.48 Slope, feition US 2.48 Slope. side 250 Slope, surface 251 Slope-srea method 32 Slope stage-discharge relation 333 Slush ice 2.108 Software 2Adl Solution, isotopic 529 Solutinn, standard S17 Solution, radia isotopic 5.29 Sounder, echo. 6.45 Sounding 3.2 Sounding line 6.37 Sounding rod 637 6.36 12.39, 2.40 278 13 5.38 539 622 Sounding weight, Specifie discharge Specific energy Specific mass Spectromety, atomic absorption flame Spectrometry, atomic emission flam Speed of response, minimum Spin test 621 Spring tide "3.39 Spurious enor vow 827 Stable channel 2.16 Staff gauge - 61 Stage . 2.79 Stage-discharge curve, looped . 3.28 Stage-discharge relation. 282 Stage-discharge relation, constant fll 332 Stage discharge relation, fall 3.33 3. 331 3.39 21S 66 Stage discharge relation, hysteresis ofthe. Stage-discharge relation, normal fall Stage-discharge relation, sensitivity ofthe... Stage gauge .. Stage gauge, crest. ”18 1191 : 2003 Stage hydrograph 2.83 Stage, peak 2.109 ‘Stage recorder. 6.13 ‘Standard current-meter ‘Standard deviation, experimental. Standard deviation, residual 3.7 a2 831 Standard deviation of the mean. experimental... 8.13, ‘Standard error of estimation. 831 Standard-solution, SAT Standing-wave flame 4 Station, gauging 287 Station, sampling 516 Station, single-gauge 288 Station, twin gauge - 2.99 Stay line... 6.29 Stexdy flow se 2.3 ‘Suilling basin. Ae Stiling tube. 2.119 Stiling well... 2.118 Stilling well lag. 3.30 Storage, channel 3.22 Storage curve. 3.26 Storage and transport, conditions of. 6.60 Suagiuening vane AD Suatifieation of flow 2.10 Su: . Suream, cross-seculon OF 207 Stream gauging. 241 ‘Structure, compound 4.14 ‘Student $ aistrbution 334 ‘Sub-criticat flow. 27 Submergence ratio. 432 Subsurface float ‘Supercritical flow 292 Surface drawdown Surface float on A Surface ice. 2107 Surface slope 251 Surface velocity ‘Suspended concentration, average ‘Suspended concentration, mean Suspended load. Suspended sediment concentration, time Weighted mean ...eu 7A Suspension, hand-held... 632 Suspension cable . 16.30 ‘Suspension equipment... 627 System o se DBA Systematic error . 8.29 Systematic uncertainty 8.37 T ‘Tagsline. 6.39 ‘Tank, calibration 623 ‘Tanke, constant lo 37 Tank, rating Technique, bubbler... Technique, gas purre Telemettv... Telemetry station, remote Telemetry unit, remore.. Test. spin Thalweg.. Thin-plate weit . ‘Thin-plate natch weir ‘Throat Tidal amplitude Tidal channel Tidal cycle. Tidal day. ‘Timing performance. Top Tuial . Total head, downstream Total ead, upstieam.. ‘Toul ead level tracking window (of echo sounder), ‘Transducer. Transport, sediment. Transverse flow. ‘Transit time method Transition. - Trap efficiency of reS€1V0t mmm Trash ln. Traversing cable. ‘Triangular-profile wei True value. Tube, bottom withdrawal Tube, sedimentation Tube. stilling ‘Twin-gauge station.. u Ultrasonic velocity meter. Uncertainty Uncertainty, random, 38Uncertainty, systematic Unclassified worker Unconfined nappe, Uniform flow Unit discharge. Unit-fall rating Unstable channel Unsteady flow. Upstream total head, Value, average... Value, true Values, range of... Vane, guide. Vane, staightening.. Variance, experimental Variance, residual Velocity Velocity, approach, Velocity, critical... Velocity, drift. Velocity, fall Velocity, mean Velocity, seating, Velocity, surface. Velocity-area method Velocity coelficient, Velocity curve, vertical Velocity depth, mean. Velocity distribution, normal Velocity heat... Velocity meter, lirasonie facoustel Velocity rod Velocity vertical gradient. Venturi flume... Vertical Vertical control... Vertical gauge. Vertical velocity coefficient. Vertical velocity curve Vessel, mariotte Volume. ebb Volume. flood.. Volumetric act Wading rod 837 Wall, divide... “814 Weir, flat-width... “8:15 Weir, head over th 5.32. Wall, wing... 4.36 Wash load. 2.5 Water, high 238 Water, low 2.93 Waterway, tidal 2.17 Weber number... 24 Wedge, salt-water, 446 Weight, sounding... Weighted average... Weight, gauge, wire. Weight of measurement. 8.3 Weighted mean, arithmetic 89° Weir... os 6.59 Weir, broad-crested.. 42 Weir, compound. 42 Weir, fat-V 244 Weir, height of. 2.68 Weir, long-base 2.12 Weir, short-crested 3.7 Weir, thin-plate. Weir, thin-plate note Weir, triangular-profile Weir block. Weir body... Well, float. Well, gauge. Well stilling. Wet line correction Wetted perimeter... Width. Width discharge per unit... Width, top. Winch Winch, double drum... 755. Wing wall. Wire, pendant 3.11 Wire weight gauge... 3.9 Withdrawal tube, bottom, 5% Work. 343. Worker, classified. Worker, unclassified 533 z ero flow, gange height of 6.38 Zero flow line, gauge height of 39 255,256 2.103 2.38 254 633 634 Aad 639 67 7.30 2.139 522 5m 2.80 2811s 1191: 2003, ANNEX B (Foreword) COMMITTEE COMPOSITION Fluid Flow Measurement Sectionat Committee, WRD 1 Organization CCenral Water Commission , New Delhi ‘AIMIL Private Lid, New Delhi tna eas Management oar, FUnjao Corral Water Commission, New Delhi Consitng Engineering Services nia) Private Ld. New Delhi tetroie Equipment, Pune Fluid Contot Research lst, Palghat (Kerala) Indian Isitute of Sten, Banglore Man Intuit Vesnmotogy (Deparment ot iv Baginenng), Roorkee si Deputinent, Goverment of Anda Pradesh Inigation Department, Government of Punjab Friston parunen, Government of UarPraesh Mins of Ralvays(RDSO), Lucknow National Hydroelectric Power Coporaton Lid, Faridabad ‘toa! estate a Hyrology, Roorkee ‘Nawal Physi! Latraony, New Debi In persona capacity (25/14 TY, Nagar, Pane 411 037) BIS Directorate Gera Representative 2} ‘SnniS.K. Das (Chairman) ‘Sims. CJA ‘SHEIK. SUBRAMANEAM Alternate) ‘DmeciuK way ‘Sesion Dest Brareeen (WR) (Alienate) amd. Re Cnn ‘SB. S. Kou (Alternate) SumiS. K,Seacurra Troeenne (P& 1) (Alemates ST. 5. BATADA ‘Su S.5, Naka (Altemare) SV. Re MUNAGEKAR. SiS. R. MUsaceAR (Alternate) De Nacanal SrraRass Sik JA8 CHANOAPLA (Alternate) a KSRDIARAN Duscron ERS) Dincovon (ERE) (Csr Escivern PR) Reeranr: ares ORI (Alert) Disecror (RD (CHIEF Eevee (Gaca) (Alternate) Jows Datectos (Stavosx0s) Derry Dieecton(StaNoaROs) (Atemate) Si SHadRACHARY A SiR RAV BAROSTA (ena 1) SHRLANIBHATAAGAR (AUerate I) Dascive DP. K.Mumrnin (Aer) RescarciOrnicen ‘Dacron (Alomate) bas. V. Curae ‘Soar Ser, Dieetor A Head (WRD) eperentng Dieter Genera (Esai! Menber Seereary Dire ( WED), BIS 40Bureau of indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureaw of Indian Standards Act, 1986 10 promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods ‘and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS, This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards ‘Amendments are issued to Standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. 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