BU-Kuwenxo > Cmpeiol dpecnux u cpednesexosuix Kyibmyp Eepasuu: pexoncmpykuua. AOMONPOd DOMONGOL SU 32) PDF-VERSIONNAMATH BAJEHTHHA PPHPOPbEBHYA KHLEHKO (1937-2003) Tepes. casts autxozost Rener janiore Toma nit uno nesabHoe nssectHe. 26 KoAGps 2003 ero portent, nepecrano Guirber cept oAtOrO H! ropos eGopainsa ~ Banenrrita [puropresnsa Kirmten 0, On 6u0n Sombie mo6reTen 1 Kpyninejiunex Konnexttonepos Jlonteutkoro xpass TeMLeCTREHHTIKOM H MpOCTO 38MeusTEGHIM H APXHINO- pnnoubIst Hetonesox B.E-Kumzentxo poatines 26 nonSpa 1937 r.8r.Kapa- ana, B 1956 F, oxonutR ropabiit TexiUKys, oH Git HIpHNTT a WiaxTy B Aon:KHOCTHE ropxore Mactepa, [loc aie cays6ui B asin Repryics Ha WuAXTY; paGoTaN Mac TepoM, cnacaTeneM, HaaTbHHKOM oTuena TopHocraca: renbHolt enyaGn. [loske paGorau sam. AHpekTOpa oO: anweniia “Meranmict”, ast, apertopa Jloseukoro ebranxo-TexnororistecKoro HxcTHTYTa, a € 2000 r. 0 yaHoro conpynentxa Toro ake HHCTITTYTa Yanevenme Hcropitelt apxeorortelt HaaRoce y Banestrina [puropnenita co uswontttofickaybat, Beway eyponb kHaHewnAx OGerosreAMACTH Tex ev OHO Ke cre no ripoxpecenteit, 01 £0, octatock Ha BeI0 26H. Hep pasnmlocb & KOmUIEKLORHPORAHI npexseron crapiaiht. Onsiako sx eGop He orpantennaes, pocriis co6rpateabcr#om, Ox componoxstancs HATE iuBHOMT paGoTO! co chetsHauIbHOM auLTepATYpOR, KPHTH- ‘eckia ee axtanstzou, TTonyuennrans aH vinan Basen ri Tpiropsesits uteapo aemuct ¢ oxpyxaouuLs, ocoGcHo c npescrasirrenssin Mononoro roxonewtts. B ‘acTHOCTH, B cBOXL OMe TORBI CHULA Got aHAKOM TAB nit petagrop Hacrommero naaniin. Teckibie KOHTAK- 1 Meaty HIIMH COXPaHLAAitch 1B NOCReAyTOMN FOL ak Kony k0aHn Barertrinsa [paroppesita oni nepé OCI B Hay’Hoe conpysIHHeCTRO. ThoGonn k xpenvien ncropin posHore Kpas Baten runt [piropienite repe ‘ apeBHS aMbopasmt, NeAAILINMIL Ha HE ASORCKOCO Mops, CGop ¢ OTHOM pasmsiHEIS upeMeTos Ceol cra pina floMorni create ero chHORHAM BBIGOP B MTIpe yyaneveuut Co spentenent ramtnix, KoTOpaIe MOXHO. oir ms xnutr, craxo Hexocrapath, H Torna Havianace ce- pheaiias npopaGorka myseriinx coBpaniii, cuavasa B r.Jlonentke,a sates 18 apyriex roposiax. Ho 1 9Toro Bce~ ro B.-Knuyeno Gsito mano. Ox anawosnrren exporpec- ‘Honanibisin apxeonorant, peryanpHioe o6uteRIie¢ KO- TOPHIMIE OKOMNATeRBIO MIpejOpExeAO ero crpeMn ne K rceaenonarenncKofl paGore. Ero kopenactan ¢ rypa 8 eiTaMeHHON GeroctieakHoit pyGanke (spyrHK He Hocim), ¢ ymMGKOML ita yerax, B LINPoxoTonoft mrasNe rata npicabisHoft Bo MHCortex HaysHbIX yupeAseREEX, C corpyamukasttt Koroprrx Baresi Tpuropnesits To epawHBAL peryaapsie KoTaKTEI. Co npementes, co: Gparunitli O6weM MarepHatoR CTA CTOMb RemlKK, TO i cnowne aera. yreute- AQMOHPOdA BBAISRAN HEOBXOMHMOCTH B HX HayHOlL CHCTEMAT HAI, Tlepsofi Gonbuort ronuiTkoit i, K coxANEHIHD, OCT auefl, crania paGora Io pekOHCTPYKIUN CTPeN sIpeBHIEK epeatienexonotx kymstyp Expat yGakyes Hom cGopanke. Ha Haut nSrRa, Oa — caMaN BOipast moti 19 BCEX npecTaBAEHITAX B petAKUIHO cept “Grenit Export antoxy cpestnenckoxn”, 7.3. Muorne sastuicant Banentina Tpuropseni umgopantnsinit, BO MHOTOs 11-38 sfacuTaGHOCTH ero anion, Breaanitas Konia ie HosB0nI07a, HanpuMeP, PYMNPORSHNEIX 10M CTpen, MaKCHMArIBHO MpHO ATOKA BBIX K OPHTIHATAM pasKAIX BpeMeH 11 HapOTOR. KOHCT- PYKTupitnte oneMescréa crpen Gout HaroTOBAet Bal ‘Tukom FputropneniieM, & OCHORHOM HHO, ¢ HeHOM sORAUINIeS TAKINK AKC MATEPHALO, KAKHE IIH HPO e10 COSMAHI BEICTABKHE PeKOH ronnenite y jpenities. Mcrorcasin su Boceoasats 1x o6nitKa co6parntnie no Kpy! oraenpitbne aerastei Hecworpa wa noapact 1 pakee reperiecent 10k chaps, BE-Kinnenso nponowxan paSora, te c6annsin ‘extna, Ero mirtaunauit yo TpeGowan HoBoit H HOBOMK uunebopsan, cGopoM Koropor Bateriut Tpitropwentit SaMHIMaNIeR 0 MOCHeNHETO /AHM CROC VAHL Thoneit, ¢ Kovopsisn acrpevancs B.P.Kuuenno. enpewentio rlopa:kaito ero sityrpentice oGanHHteH ry- Gokas HopanONHOCTS, a BeICOKAA SpyRMAUUR ues ero oKustepanoctapint wee ibIM SenoseKon,BeeTna FoTORLAM mpritis Ha NOMOUtD B rpyinyio sunyry, Takia Baxewtiat Tpitropsesiersani0s HOCAYAULIN AaHIHIbIe apXConOTHM, a TaRKE HAM ONTKCAHLIEN 3 HBOGpaREHHE conepacNNces B MHICEMEHMBIX He- uunrrepecibiss coBeceaHHKOM. Penarayor cGopaiiaDuexmponnas sepcun mpyoa BALKuwenko «Cmpexsi opesnux u cpednesekosurx kamyp Espazuu:pexoucmpyxuns>, u donomeHue K mot pa6ome , ssinoanennoe cornoseann BI. KunenKo.Cmpensi dpesnux u cpeduesexoasix xynumyp Eeparuu B.-Kuuenxo (f) CTPEJUbI [PEBHHX MH CPEHEBEKOBBIX KYJIBTYP EBPA3HH: PEKOHCTPYKIMA HaGop masta — myx 4 ctpemst ~ sT0pom rlocie XOMBA BH OPYKHA, NORBHBIINACH ¥ NpEBHETO YeH0- ‘eKa H COxpaHisBUTHt cBoe GerTOBaHMe B TpANDALIHOH- HbIx KYTbTYpax No sTHOTpadbusecKon coBpeMeHHOCTH. Bo MuoroM 13-82 9TOrO MayaHBte PaSKICKEHHA TO 9THM aTeropra Mupa pemtenoro, TlO-MpeKHeMy, He TOTe- PAaM axtyanbHocTH. Bone Toro, mpw TmaTenbHOM BTMAE Ha AHHBIA NPIMET HCCMENOBAHHA BBIABIR- JoTCR BCE HOBBIE H HOBIE TaKyHEE HOSHAN, Tlomanemie nyxa u crpen 681n0 poisBaxo He06xo- AMMOCTIND BEREHHA MHCTAHUMOHHOA cTpeNBORE, MpH- MeHAeMOMt Ha OXOTE, B EMA caMOOBOpOHE H BOEH- MoM mene. Hix mpunesene nosBomino wenonexy cHc- ‘TeMaTWteCKH SAHDIMaTECH OXOTOR H BBINENHTS NAHB ‘BIOL AEATEMBHOCTH HapaBHE C SEMMEMENHEM H CKOTO- ‘BoncTBOM. Opyraite » tpannanomnstx Kynbtypax 65IT0 He ‘MpOcro cpencTBOM BeREHNK BORIK H OXOTHI, HO TAK- 2ke ABNANOCH CONANBHLEM MapKePOM, CHMBOTOM Ba- 7m, o6nanaromtin cneprnectectnertoi CHO, sanmt- ‘mawouteh 6oratcrao, nnact» x 6narononysne. CBHMe- ‘TeMSCTBOM 3TOTO ABIAIOTCA MaTHNECKHE M peTMTHOS- nie soaspenus. Hanpamep, no-ronony nyka « crpen rane Purnennt cxasano: “Tipamonerautas (crpema), Gepern rac”, ... “oBmaxo crpen, saocrpeHHbtx BpeMe- Hen, BBINYLEHO, MeTH, TOpAsH MPOTHBEMKOB, He Oc- ‘Taps mironnoro wpara xxmmsine”(Jlepenstxo E.H., 1987, .152), HanGonee apxoe mpostnene storo dpenomenta — oaBeHne Gormn-crpemst x MOMITB, O6panLien- ote Heh. Teponor ncaa, 70 cxmcbamn 6xin wsroronaeH. Koren, KoTOpsIA nerko mmentar 600 senep. “Lapt wx Ho MMeHH Apwatr, keMan aHaTe sHcTO cKKpCKOTO Ha- ona, mpixasam, 706 kaxkauat cxutd Mprarec 10 oMtHo My ocrpoxonewto cnoeit crpemb, a KTO He MpiHecer, ‘TOMY TpOSHT CMepTBIO; H KAK cHECEHO GENO YPeSBBI- ‘afioe mtloxxecTBO OcTPOKOHENIi, 70 BANYMANOCR EM 3 nix OcrapirT» raMATHK Ax TOTO OH coOpyAH 13 x ceft memutiit cocyn” (Teponor, 1976, 129). yxy ctpenan npurmcurparoct cpoiterno newenaTs 6ones- ut, YPemMIEADATS MPRCKYIO CHA H“ONMELATS OT CKBEP- ot"; 0 crpenaM rata. “Cowoamsnit KnATBCHHEIE 10- ropop cKHIbbr SaKmovaIoT cnenyromim o6pe30M. B Gonbunyo rismsanyio Yaury HamenaroT BstIO H cMerITA- [BALOT €FO € KPOBBIO SAKMIOAIOUIX OTOBOP, YROTOR 3X TETO LNVLTOM HEME CTeTKA HaNpesaB KOKOM, a B TY aM NOTPYAAIOT Mex, CTpeNE H APOTHEK, cme YerO TMPOHSHOCHT MHOTHe 3aKMATH H 33CHM TY WAL BAI- "HMBAIOT KAK 32KTOWROUHE ROTOBOP, TAK K ROCTORHER- ume 43 ix composomurenet” (Teponor, 1976, c.125). KpemHesbie crpenko HclOmBSOBAMTHCS BO MHOTHX yMbTYpaXx B KavECTBE aMyTETOB: “Hx OGsopaHHBATH B cepeGpo # son0To H HOCH, Kax MPHBECKH, YT BHAE Gye oepenns, He TONBKO B STOXY STPYCKOB, HO MB Busantita, a mectamit, Nanpumep, y Tyaperos Cesep- ot Acbprae x y KasanicKHX Tarap HocaT ete 4 Ter1eph Tlo-BumaMowy, uM npurcstBanace MspecTHaK neve6- ‘Has WIM MIPeMOXpaHHTeNBHAR CHA, CYA TIO TOMY, TO Teneps entte mPocTOMonHED! He TOMBKO B POCCH, HO 1 Saramnom Espone mpustanot xpemnessie crperkat “rpomonsinc, YMABITHMH ¢ He6a BO BpeMA TPO3KK, Ht MpHnuciiBaIoT WM pasHAle HyROMeFICTREHTETE KaNe- rma, Ocobenno pacnpocrpavien BaTRAN, 170 OH 0: Moraior oT KONHKGI, sy6HOR Gonx x MpH ponax. Tlo- TOMY MHOTHE KPeCTEsHe, OCOGEHHO KPECTHAHKH (EKE Mora HHA HeCKOMKO O6pasoRattHste) HeOXOTHO Yerynaior atesomIMecsy MH KAMERMDLe CrPEMKH, ECM ake HM mpensTaraior 5a HX cpasHitTenbHo sHasATeM yo eyo” (Anysorn JLH., 1887, ¢403). B JIpennem Korrae cymectnonan o6sriai, Korma orraticxne mpertepatopst B stax Oco6of GnarocKnoH- ‘OCT HarpARIANH BAICLIAX CAHOBHHKOB-BOCHON KPAC- THM MYKOM c KPACHBIMM CrpenaMO NM MepEBIA y= KOM ¢ NepHBIH Crpenanet, MPHeM KDACHMIE TYE (CO omercrnenno H crpensi) 6011 Gone peaKoi 1, O4e- BINH, Gonce naxHoH Harpanoh, Yeu YepHEst (KOMtIC- capor C.A., 1988, 78). Crpemst cayanimi #8 xavectne cnoeo6pasnurx Texctos. Tax, WAYPWOKOHM, TpeGya aH ¢ MonBMacT- MIX HINeMeH, MOcHINamM MaxoMeHHKH CTpen € sapy6- xoit. “Onn onyawn [ycnonmainos] skaxanor. Jn crrenmoro nena 6ssmiccrpenss crpens sapy6xancn” (Le peomuxo E.H., 1987, 149), a y mitorvex TIopoK erpena ¢ “sonoTant KombeNoM” coy>xna 8 KayecrBe TaftISKt (Xyasxos 10.C,, 1986, «.99). YY rynos crpena ssiniomana ene H nnaTexHyO qymauno, Tor, kro Beianmercx anepen 19 nero penta o6niapnt a snepeft na onMH Tepectpen, marin * Tlepea cami suxonom cOopnuxa » cuer BI-Kumewxo ckoponocruxno cxonwaaca AOMOHPOda urrpad) ~ 5 crpes. 3a yrepwo crpenbi ~ nox cya. Kro osbMeT 4ypKyIO crpemty, nmarIT urrpadp —OxMy ROMAN (Pynenro C.M., 1962, ¢.27) “Tlyx w crpemta urpans neoserrannio naksiyo pon OKHSHH MOOTHE THOPKCKHEX Haponon Wm PANE CTYTACD Mpespatinich B caoeo6pastisre customs. Tax, y MTOp- em SHLCTeMHOCTS ponlow onpesensnack M0 KOAMECTRY yon, Pap nasnannit iopKckinx memes TecHo casaH (c nasmannent nyxa x crpen. B npensleniopxcxicx pyni~ M€CKAX TAMMTHHKAX HeOMHOKPaTHO NCTPENZETCS Ha anaHHe OMHOTO 19 TIOPKOANIHIAX Haporton Cea Asuxt ~ «necatHcrpensitait Hapon», «ttapox necaTHt erpen>. Ogun #3 Bos MOxMIX BapwanTOB STHMONOTHE Naanawth nayx Gorsurnx rpynn orys08 «6y30K» it «YOK» TaToKe COASDIRAETCA C HAaRAMNES CTpesTA— «OK» lyst cxpemss, xax 970 yGenserensit0 joKasbinaer Ty- penucii necnenonarent Ocaan Typatt, Goon crnno ‘ax couansHo-mpanopbrx OTHOUIeHNI B TIOPKEKH Tnemenax. JIyx BSIpDKAN Y APEDHEE TIOPOK NOAOKE- Hue crosepexicrea, rocnoacrsa, a crpena paccambnoc~ ‘Tu, nonunenxocts. KpoMe sT0ro, crpena cHmeBomt- suponana mparnamienue x yvacTin0 B OxORe, OxOTe HIM 8 KaKOM-7H60 TOPKeCTBE, 8 TaIOKE Gua 31aKOM yaaoxerien x 068” (Kypoiten BIT, 1978, ¢20-21), B.O.Aamep 8 1903 r. mmscans “.. novi Her Hapona 2 Cenepnott Asm, y KoTOpOTO HapAAY c OnEKOM, ca- HANG, MPHHANIeKWOCTAMH AAR NOGMIDAMTHA OTH, He ata 614 HOKOREMIKY MKA MCTPeM, HeOEXORHMBIX HB sarpoGwon man, JIyx HinK ero Monten BewlaeTca H Ham MoNDKO! pebewka, “TOGK OTOHSTH AMELX AYKOB. Ha rpyap toroxe napos nanesaer ceGe, wanono6ise wa wero KpecTa, ManeHDRHA nyOK co crpennom. Myx tpemnr urpaxor ponb 18 TpyAMDIK cHyaAK ASH ce nepuoro “mumsapa”. ¥ axyron, nanpustep, NH xpystHbIx onax cranarom Masesbxane HrypKIE HTX CTpens- oT Ha MamTeHDID YKOD ManesIDRHNOECTPERKAMH, I70- 6u1 o6nertrs posts. Tor xe Hapon wKepTEyET BORA omy Bastaio nyk # crpenbi, Bsienkas Ha nepayIo ne- cemmiow, saxty 31H Hero puIGHy noAM. Hemya~ Peto ostomy, 40, no owATINO TyHTYCOR, CrpE — ema Gora noms, 1 470 n HeCTD AyKa 1 rpembi COMM HANHCD TOpACTBCHMBIe THB H MecHorteMtA. Y Ma POROB ¢ npHosirTHBHO‘t KyABTYpo!, c Beano GanTa- seit, Kax Gaxampst (a lhoiry), cosaaiocb TaIoxe mpegcrannene, sro moses coanan report Keph i13 1po- Taxa, uayiqero Ha ssinenky crpen” (Ajuiep B.®., 1903, ¢.189). Hoxona 13 soantenprsencHniix matic, CraHO- BHTCH MOHATHO, "TO s1axenTe TOTO OPYAHA B>KHOHK ApeBHUX KynDTYp Guit0 OrpomtHo x, cnenOBaTEABHO, He MormIo He OTmOXMTDCA TMyGOKOA MCTOPHECKOH NaN Toto 80 acex cibepax 6urris mpessix. FTostoMy He Ory yacn Tor orpomestit HATepec apxeonoron i HCTOPH- KOB-OpyATHeBE/OB, KOTOPHIM OR NPOmBAAOT K Nyy Tpean., Ho ecitk OTHOCHTEIKHO PeKOHCTPYKIGAH KA Ha MPOTMRENHIL He MeHee ABYX BEKOB ETO HONDITKI HoyYenHs MpeaNpsEMMaMHCe HeEOAHONpaTHO, TO TAKE Cmpensi dpesnux u cpeduesexoasix xynumyp Eeparuu HecrenOBaTeARCKaA NpOWLEMYpa OTHOCHTETSHO erpen RO cHx Top AKO OcTaeTCA B TEM. TIpHSIAHOK TOMY mangeres KeKMIONMTENDHAR TPYAHOCT MCCMeAONARR, BaMAY KpafiHe ckyTIOR cooTBeTcTayoMte HoKpopa- tUHORHOR Gases, romenMTet XO Hac (HeTHeRAKKe nce ‘SmeMenToR CTpeNss, Hepenko W NaxOENEIKOR B apxe- “onormeckom KoMTIMeKce), Tipouimw sexa, 1 cerontia conpencHnuKy He 6e- auiurepecto stare, Kak AMIENAIXeNH CrpeNtl MALIK pa ypon. Kaxne crpennt Geom y kuneMcepitinen ick <)oa, xyHHOB, TlopKOR, pyccon H xasap, MonOMHtER HTa- ‘Tapo-Moronos? Mcenenonantestinx npo6est, naps RY chompocan poucHensa KOxtcTpYETHBHETK Oco6eH- Mocreitcrpen, MaTepHanos 13 KOTOPSIX OHH WOTOTaB- ANBAR H TEXHMKHC HX MPOUSRONCTBA, ABHTCE Ue nso npewiaraencont pa6 ors. TIpexne we mpycrymins x onmcatito KoHCrpyk- ‘Tupuntx ocobenuocreit, Goemsix cnovicrs crpen i Tex- ‘MHKH WX HOTOTOBNENHA, YCTAHOBEM NOPAAOK, TO KO Topomy 6yner nponsBomruce Hanooxenice Marepia- 11a, 3ro nosnomi nlocHenODaTENSHO H CTpYETYpHO nep- Ho cHHTMBaT» npemraraeMyro Ham HtpopMamEO.. 1. JIpesxo (aa, anamerp, pacnpac). 2. Haxoensnrx (warepran, 7m, opm, paasrepst. 3. Comcrynox (arepxan, ops, pasmepst). 4. Onepeune (sareprar, arama, mapa GyraA08. 5. Yunxo (marepnan, peamepss) TIpenicn. JIpenxo - ocuostian acts pucrantn- onKOTO OpyrAHI, K KOTOPOMY KPeMHER HaKONeHNIK, oGececamaronsit adxpextasnocrs nopaxexis. Fat naroToBneKHA ApesKa NpMMeNAMOC TIpAMOcTOFHOC ‘epeno, ¥TOSst rote o6pa6oTKH Nonysariace rnanKan osepxnocts. B sapicuasoctu or mpapomtoit sors, xe naroTosnanocs ApeBKO, MpHMeHANH Gepesy, emD, co ‘uty, Kemp, TOMOM ett KHOIAR, BY, ABOP He BOBMOA Ho, HeXOTOpMe ApyTHe MOpoAK, a TaKAE TPOCTHIK, GanGyx m amon Tpoctunk - nanGonee noxxonmmai warepnar AA YSTOTOBTENHA APEBKOD, TaK KAK OH MPOHESpac- ‘aet mo Gepera mpaxtuecks ncex sonoe on Ex asin. OcHopHbim HeqocTaTKom TpocruitKa sDn8- eres Fo xpynkoctb. TossicnTs ero mpounocts MOOKMO GHUIO, 2axamin CreGeMb Ha OFHe, KAK 9TO Re- nanoce, HanpHMep, ® HeGOABUIOM THMaNamicKOM xnwxectae Byran (YepHenko E.B., 1981, ¢.26). K ne- ROCTaTKAN TPOCTHHKa OTHOCHTER M ero TPyOYa- TocTp, osTOMY 118 HSFOTORNENIAA CTpemb HEOONO- Amnto Gxi10 OOMHNTemHO nena» AepeDstLE ¥e- PeUUIXH, KAK AUN HaKOHEHWKA, TAK nz yurKe (Sep- nenKo E.B., Tant 2) HanGonee tmpoxo ann waroTonnenis ApeRKoR expen mpintersmitch nlonxomsitHe m0 cRowne KasecTmaMe Gepesa, coca H ent. Jlepesbs pyGHTH TOSTHER OCEHBI, Korma Wx BomOKIa ConePACATIE MHRHHOMaMTBHOE KOMI AOMOHVOdrw on ero anarv. Or rinarenHo monoGpanusix 1 npocy- ‘MleHHDIX OpeBHbIMIeK HpsMocHO;HOH ApeneciHBK OT ‘aibI8anK JaMHBLe “yPONKH, MepROHAANBHO SHAM ‘Tensuo npensiumaromte ToMuIMHY ByAYMErO PEBKA. Tlomyda6puxar nia ctpem nasereanumnften 1a Pyen“crpeasnof ctpyaxxon” ma “nepestiaan crpem- HUM, HsTOTaBMHDAMUIMCN H3 Gepeskl, BEICOKO Ue snistca na Bocroxe: » Mpaxe, Kpuiny, Horafickoh Opae up. Hasecmno, x70 Hexomy xynuy Hcxawnepy maxom AGGacoxs 6x0 npuKasano mpo6pecta 8 Mocxse 60 “raica “pene crpenbunmn”. A'n AsepGamtarxane cyute- erayer morosopka, cpasHiparoutan Crpofttoro YenO- ‘exa Co crpenoft 13 APeBeCHE! ABO, ¥TO, BEPORTHO, ykagpinaer a puiGop 270% Nopoubt Ana KsTOTOBTEHMA mpouinom xpesox crpen (Tlaranmxnan B.A. 1955, 65, 66). Ha xapaxrep ronera crpems, oco6eHH0 B MOMCHT ymapa TeTHB6I Mo e€ xBOCTOBIKY, GonbiMIOe BHANEHHE oxasbiBan Tax HastipaembiA “nporH6” ctpemst. Yera~ HOBMEHO, “TO, YeM Gombe NpOrHG, Tex noaue neTHET cempena, Text Gonbune paccenBaiine u MeHbuLe TOAHOCTE nonananua, Yem Goneunyio BHGpawito mpHoGperaer ‘ApeBKO B MOMeHT OTpuIma OF TeTTEBSH, TEM c MEMBIIEH ‘TOITOCTHIO Ono ROSBpAMIAeTEA B HYHOE MOMOKEHKE. 30 osHavaNo, 470 cTpeNst, HSTOTOBTEMHBIE 1 TMH HSIX TOHKAKX IPYTHEB, BHIMTPBIBAA B TEXHONOTHH H5- roToBAeHHa, sHasHTembHo yorynanH B appexrHsi10C- ‘1m, TloatoMy apenkss crapamnch nenaty 3 CTapBIx 1e- esven, OaMHOMHO CTOMIIDX Ha ONYUIKAX, H WCTIOT ‘sonaTb Ty cTopony nepena, re ronORBie KombIRa SBI ‘yxe Gonee mpocwonentte, 7. xnyio acts. Kpome ‘oro, ny¥IlleH NacTBIO nepena CKHETaTIack Ta, KOTOPAR Gsina 6nwxe K KOPHIO, TAK MasbIBAeMaR KONTEBAR ‘ach, HOCKONBKY, HEM Omi0Ke RPEBECHHA K KOPHEBOHE act, Text ona Gonee mnotHas m ynpyran (Cononben AM, 1987, 31). Tipu vsroropnenr crpenst mipxa0%0 4acTs ApEn a MeMMOro pacHIMpAMICK YUIKY ¢ Ten, TOGBI Sapy6- a, HeOBXORHMAR ALIA >HKCALLHM CTPERBL Ha TETHBC, sina yrs Hmpe TeTHBA, a m0 MMyGHHe —4yTH GombILe nuamerpa Terns. PnyGoxas sapy6xa 3a C¥eT nepeKo- a sayepampana crperry mp morxone 49 Teva. K Ha KoHesHHKy APEBKO CPRAMIOCE HMAMET €T0 PABHATC AuaMerpy ynopa YeperiKOBOTO HaKONETHKA, 2 [BTynbaTHIXcrpen AMaMeTp APeBKa PABHATER MHaNeT- PY DTyKI HaKONeWHEKa. Caeayiomtel crannien o6pa6ors sarorosxs at _mpeska 6s110 OGcrpyriwaHie ee HOKOM, 22TEM B KOM- enoxé opie saroroBKH Renan HeryGoKOe OTHEPCTHE, 1 Koropoe saGrmamn wepeutox HaKOHeMHHKa, TOCTE ‘ero nocpeneTBom cTpyra ApeBKO ZOBORIAE AO Hy ure ops pasmepon. H, waxoneu, cnezosaa oxOH- ‘aTeNbHaa OTNEMKA: BAICKAGMHBAHE, BLITTDKUBAHNE 1, HepeaKo, TONMpoRKa ApeRKa € HOMOLIDID KOCTAHO- Fo Hoxkenoro crpyra u kamemtoro 6pycKa c nonyKpyr- masa xero6xamn (Meanenen A.®., 1966a, ¢.50). Cmpensi dpesnux u cpeduesexoasix xynumyp Eeparuu Tiwancerp apeaxon cxadpcxnx crpen y octiopanix aKoneTHHKoS cocraBiiam 2-4 mac 3-6 MM y YUKA (Becconosa C.C, 1973, ¢.246).¥ eanposatos x capsta- on smaMeTp Aperkon pantanca 5-6 mou (Cyenpson. Ko, 1961, ra60.11-38; Cinmmntt H.B., 1959, 116, pic.37, 3, Crommenst H.B., 1960, €.32, pHC.9, 4 PsaKos. TLG., 1925, €.52). ‘Twa crpenst sanncena oT HecKOMBKHX dpaKTO- OB H, B NepBYIO OMEPEAS, OT AMMMD H TINA yKay OT ‘ounet M anTPOTTOROTHECKHEX NAMMDX CTPEMKA (BRTO- ‘aa anMHY pyk), OT YHKUMOHAMDHOTO MasHayeHKs, mooToMy A1MHa crpenst Guia MHAMBMAYaDHE ANE xexaoro crpema. TIpapvina crpensGut u3 myKa peKo- MeHYlor: HanoxMATS Crpesy a Tevamy H MaKCHMAM= Ho PACTAMYT MyK ~ ApeBKO Crem! OTCEND Y apy oft vacra pywonTxH myxa (Mennexen A.®., 1966a, €.52). B cepmarcxnx rorpesenmax a p.Hinex (Mever- caRcKHCH MoTHMbMHK) APEBKH. crpem B HaGope Gomi ‘onmnaxonort sums. B xyprane 5, norpeGenmn 26 06- wapyxceno 29 crpen ss1HHOR 50 cM. Bxypratte 3, Horpe- Gent LI Grino 5 expen ;uIMHOH 60 cx. B xyprane 2, Morvute 5, crpent~ capt 20, 4x amma 60 cx. B rypra- He 7, norpeSexim 7 HafteHo 10 crpen AMKOR 75 xer Gus attanns pesynbTaros, nomyeHHbix TO.C.Xy- axonuim. Hccaeayst 3aK0HOMepHOCTH PasBieTHs BOO- pyakeuial cpeatteBeKontix KoslensaKos Ino Ci6- pin Hesrrpansnost Aan, 10.C.Xyasxon paccmatpi- baer 9BOMON)GO PASBHTHA *ENESHDIX HAKOHEAHKOD ‘erpen co II. 0 #.9. 10 IX-X Bs. 16.9. (Xynawos 10.C, 1986, c.215, 216, 7267.96, 97). Omupasce wa 31H nat ble, ONpeeHHM NPOUEHT “epeuIKOBENX HAKONE xop c ylopoM oT oGurero KonirvecTBA cTpeN l ees ‘Conepaanne Beero | MS" | naxoncunxos © Heproau a > mopoxt carey | S20" | ye (ur) 3% [ues | ia | 2 143 Ovo 301 ae ‘VI-VIII ss. 30 25 83.3 (XX, 75 70 93.3 ‘TaGn. 1. Snomonts pasauTis xenesHBIx HaKOHeS ‘MnnOR CTpem ¢ yROPOM No MaTepAallaM IOxHOH (Cu6upa u Uewrpastsnot Asun AOMOHVOd pe aerw on Tlonysaem narnauy xaprimy 0 epemens ne pexona KowesHikos IOxHoM Cuénpa x Mewtpars- HOM ASHM Ha YepermkOBKIe HAXOHEYHKKH crpen ¢ ymopo. AManOrHatan KapTiiia, KcTaTH, xapaKTep- Ma W JUIA ackHacKoft Kymbtypet. Hs 262 KenesnErx NaKonesHHKOB Crpen, HaiieNMBIX Ha TeppHTOpH, HACeMCHHOA HapONAMit ACKH3CKOR KYMBTYPES B X- XIV bs., vepeureonurx — 262, 13 max ¢ yropoM ~ 262 (100 96) (Kisanacon HL, 1983, ra6n.XIX-XX0), Tipsneewenie ynopa ta HaxonewsuKax yny¥init- No aapoamHamuyeckwe caoficrBa crpems. HIpeBKo y HaKoNeNHMKa CTazO cocTpyrHBaTecR XO AHaMeTpa yrlopa H roctenenuo, wa mporamerim 10-15 cut, o6paGaroisamoce H BHIXONHTO Ha MMAMETD OCHO! woit acta apenxa, Boone ymrka mmamerp mpenka YMeNbuIaNes 1 Ha MpoTmAeMHA ATHMB OMepEHTE (10-15 xt) coctpyripames ¥ merxomHn TaKKE Ha IH amerp ocHoBHof Yactu apenka. B pesymsrare TaKOR o6paGorKH Bec crpenm yMeHbIarca Ha 13-18%. Tipeaxo npuospeno neperenoo6pasayio Gopmy, Hc- ea NpOrH6, NOABARTACH NOSMORHOCTS RECT MOI yo X mpattenbuyo ctpens6y. Paccaarpimnan anawenme ynopon fa wepentKo- BEX HaKOMeWHHKOR CTpen, KeOBKOAHMO O6paTiTs BHHMaHHe H Ha “epewlOK. Smeck mepcneKTHBHEIN. MOXeT OKAGATHCA HhINCHEHME SaKOHOMEPHOCTeH It coormomennit amamstu dbopscat wepemrxon. Boente TORODKM HaKOHEHMKON CTPeN, 98 PEKHM. MCX Nenmen, — ABrenne Gonnine merrepHaItKoHaTsHoe, a vepeunat — Gomme HaunortambHoe, TaroTeWuee K UNAMDHAYAABHOI xyMBTYpe, OTHOCY it AOKAMbHOT ‘Teppnropai. Tak, HanpuMmep, A.M.XasaHos axitcH- ‘Tuposan BHHMAHHe Ha TOM, NTO OcHOBHaS Macca akenesustx erpen capmarcxort kymsrypet IV B. 10 H.. =IV 8. n.9. nena cpanuutenbio nocromimys Aa ny wepeurxos 1,5-2 ox. Tlonnumumnecn a py6exe [V- IT sp, x0 ¥.9, % IMpoxo pacnpocrpannemmecs B TIF-II pa. a0 m9, naxonewmuxn ¢ tpeyromsHoit ro- novxoit (Xasanos A.M., 1971, ¢.37) acerna HMeI0T Koporxatit Nepewiok. HaxoHeaHHkit ¢ ANuHEBIMIE ‘repeukann 6 nosasecapMarckoe pews He o6uapy- ments (Xasanon A.M. 1971, ¢.40). Manectnotit xopnyc xkenesiix HaxoHetHAKOR epen nnemest Koxanncxofi KymmTypst I-V pp. cocras- nam 286 9x3. muita epenixon, He cuHTaa ene Mbix oxseMmnapon, panmamacs 2-3 cm (XyARKOB 10.C,, 1986, ¢.75, puc.28). B mpomentuom orHoure- Mic or O6utero KORUECTBA NepeLIKH AAKHOT 2 exe cocranunis 51%, a 3 em ~ 49%. JInuwa “epemxon MaKOMYHMXOB CTpeN KOKOMBCKOH KYMBTYM He MeHANaCH Ha MpOTRRCHHH HCCTO cyULECTAORARH nocneaxen. Auanorismoe saxenne naGmonanoce # y mpe HeTIOPKCKUX KenesHBIx HaxoHewHHMKOB cTpen VI-X pp, Ha 232 HaKOHEIHHKOD, He CHNTAR EAHHHYHENX OKJEMMAAPOB, HepeLIKH JUIMHOA 4 cx sem 93%: Cmpensi dpesnux u cpeduesexoasix xynumyp Eeparuu axonesnxos (XyasKos 1O.C., 1986, c.148, puc.63). Cnegosatemsto, sa nlo¥rh 500-nerHee cytIecTBOBA He KOKOMBCKOMI 1 APEBHETIPKCKOM KYTBTYP Pas ‘eps YepemmKoD HaKOHeNHHKOB Crpen OcTaBaiice eno Menman. Kpome amas yepeuixos, weoSxoanno ckasaT» 1 06 ux cevemun. Hepenrion umesoT xpyrnOe, Ban Datioe sai wwororpannoe cevene, Ho MPH pasp2- Gorxe Tunonoriit HaKoHeNMUKOR TaKaA XApAKTepH- cruxa, K comameHiNo, HrKOpHpyercs. OMKOR ¥3 Oomm‘nrensuncx ocobeHMOcTeM ackKOCKHX Pou Gwsecxix u ykopovenmopomOnecksx Hakone OB SDNACTCA HamHaKe Paxee He BCTpeaDINETOCA Merona o6pa6orkit wepentkon — acess (Kisamacon WIL, 1983, 7262.XIX-XX). Tlepwon IX-K np. xapaxrepusyercs GypHn cnaecKoM 8 T#NOOGpaaORAHH KENESHEIX HaKO- Hes KoB. OcoGeno ApXo OH OTpasriea y Beni. b noento# oGaacrs ore wpemenx Koveassx 9TH0- ‘cou ~ KeIprsigon 11 KuMAKOR. Y KKEprH:90R saMbuKeN- onan 21 ram He6poneGorinbix waxonesHMKoD 119 ‘uno 6poreSomnsx. Beero 40 tHnon. ¥ xuMaxon =22, y ropox ~27, y KypsskaHt~ 18, y 6afnipxy ~28, {y nmusaft ~ 24 Tala HaKOMeMHMKOB crper (XysAKOR 1O.C,, 1986, €.212-213). B avo ke mpenea n cpeaneamypcxux nawaritt ax WAYPUAOHEH TONIC NOBOSHO OPUTHHAMD ie xakoHeNMMKM. Cpenit Hix rpynma ¢ Z-06pas- Hu cevenen mepa— 9T0 MHOCKHe H rpanente na onesnuKi crper. O Hx uMeIoTcA cooSmIeHK B UTaRCKHX HeTOWHUKaR: “... MO BHEWHeMY BMAY (waxonewsvnen crpen) noxoxi xa Gypas. Ips no naqaMMn TaKy!O CTpeay HeROIMOKHO BAITAIIHETE” (lepessuxo E.H., 1987, 104). Boasoxato, 06 ari 2xe crpenax ronopyrca: “B npeotocra xopoumtt epe10x mor npo63Te oneBINDX ceNencnOfhHy0 Tor ery 6pomo. Stu waxowesmuxn crpex 6sinu pac- xpoctpanensi Tomsxo » IIpunopse x TIpuaMypse” (Hepesanxo E.M., 1987, c.104). Monronst 80 apes cuoxx sanoenarexsantx no- XoyoD oveHS UEEPOKO HeHOms90Bax pasxoo6pas- noe opyxie, saxnaventioe usar y noGexeHKDX He ponos. Hexoropte opmor HaKonewHnKos crper uh, HecomnenHo, aamcrBopant y KOveDLIX 1 NO- _nykovenbix Haponon Cu6py xcronssosam rex- xmurx xysenon-opyaxeiimsixon. ITostoMy Haanaxe “wouronbexue” wan “rarapexHe” HakonewHi xp saxonomepHo mauts yaa Bocrosnost Enpomss, xyne omit neficranremputo Gutax sastecenst TaTapo- monronamn (Meanenen A. 19666, 54). Xapaxtepnon ocoGennocrsw acex mon- ONMeRHX HAKOHe'HHKOD ABMAETCR YeTO‘HHBOe cO- ommourenme anaina tepenrxa x atu nepa. a epemixa y HHKX, KAK Mpapuino, cocrapnser 2/3 nm 3/4 xnnnst nepa (Meqnexes A.®., 19666, ¢.55).TIpo- opuiit nepa ~ oTHoueHe UinpHHA K RANHE ~ y AOMOHVOdwE ‘TaTApO-MONTFONBCKHX HAKOHEMHHKOB s1astTeNb HO niune, Nem y apesMepyceKnX, oF 1:3 10 1:6~y Tarap wor 1:2 n0 1:4 = y pycexux, Mp Gone Kpynupix akonIeMiisKax y TaTapo-MoHiTOnOR (MempeneD AP., 19666, €.55, 56, 58). OcoBennoctsio HeKoTOpHIx 6ponsonEIx 1 2Ke- AeSHBIX WaKOMENHKKOD CTpeN KBARETCA KlamHE OT- neperuti na nonacrsx. MIpocevtute oraeperin nse- Jor AoBoABHO pasHoobpasinte «bopmes. Kpyrnute ~ y xyniton (Xyaaxon 10.C., 1986, pic.6, 13, 14, 24- 25) nw nnemen sepxneo6cKort Kyabrypmr (XyaAKOB, 10.C,, 1986, puc.49, 6). Kpyraute 4 aytoo6pasmate ~ Yapesuinx TopKos (OnumtnMtKowa B.B., 1998, ¢.2855 Xyaakon 10.C., 1986, pic.64, 3-4, 9-10, 17-18). Tlo- aynyinne, (iirypunte, 8 BiLAe santaToH ~ y xaKacon (Kutanacon WII, 1983, ta61.XIX, 1, 4-10, 12; On- suntnxona B.B., 1998, ¢.285). Kpectoo6pasute —y wayprxonef w Goxaries [pumopos (JlepenaHKo E.M., 1987, €.105, pute.19, 6,8, 18). Orsepcria, ove- BHAHO, ykasbinami Ha muy! NpMHARTEXIOCTE etpennt, H, Hem cnorkitee yaop BBICeNKH, TeMt BBIIe Gnino oGutecrnenoe nonoxenHe Branenbua. Bepo- THO, inneMMeN TOFO Ke MOPsNKa ABAROTCH 30710- ‘Tate, nosonowenmnte H HiIxpycrHponamane cepes- pos HaxOMesHUIKH, B pasHioe mpeMA M y paaiane Kynbryp Bbinlontuaplunx ry 2ke cbyHKuUEO. Heemorpa tia macconoe nponsporcTn0 1aKo- HewnKon cTpen, on 6b101 BecbMa NOpOTHM Hsne- auent, Tlostomy mocne oxonWattHa 6urTAKI MOGent- ‘TenM sanmssamice Hx e6opoM ANA MOBTOpHOTO He- monbaonantna. “H eure ckasan Yuttirns-Xan Apatiai Xacap, Jaxerl, Cyxoit w Yaxypxan nycrs aernepons Gyayr coOMparoucinie aneKo [xeraune crpents], co6uparouniis GnuaKo [nazawounne crpentt]" Uy6- can Jlansars, 1973, ¢.101). Tina ynysuienia nponnKatomtett cnoco6uocrit etpen, nce MeTanmiveckie naxowesiIHKH SaTaitBa- ance, ¥ KaAMOTO cTpenka uatemich cMeUMARbHIE 6pycnat, woroToBAentiBLe 9 MititepaROB HKMM TOPHON opoas, Hnit MeTanmHMeckMe HaMImDHAKH, TeKHe IpHcnocoGreNita 1s 38TONKI HaKOMeYHUKOR Wa- ele B CaRpOMATCKHNX, CapMATCKHX, 3ONOTOOPABI cRI0e H AP. NOrpeGanbuprx nanerTHMKax (CrmpHon. K.®., 1975, ¢.37; Cumpuon K.b., Monon Cun 1972, €.10; Expos K.1O., 1999, €.97, ra62.2, 3). ‘Cianeryikn. Macconoe npuinentenie coicrytiKon avinnaerca p cpemitepeKonbe, 1 ocoGertH0 O10 Gono ‘apakrepno suas crpen Kosentnkon 1Oxni0H CuOups, Cenepuoit 1 Llesrpansitom Aan, Brepsbie xe “no- TOUIMe CTpembi”, KaK HX ELE HasHIBATH, ORBHUTHCE y XyHHOB B KONE Thc, 20 1.9. Mso6perente cnuicTyHKOD KiITaftcKaR Xponttka MpHMicLIBAeT xyiHICKOMY tta~ imb1o10 (xany) Moo (Bisyputt H.fL, 1950, 46). Bpe- saa mpanneniia Mono kon. II ~ as.tT 8. no #. CantetyHox ~ 970 KocTaHOM lonbift wapHK m- aneTpoM, Kak mpapiito, 10-15 mat (Xyankon 10.C. Cmpensi dpesnux u cpeduesexoasix xynumyp Eeparuu 1986, puc.6, 14), ¢ anys cknosH Bal OTREpCTHIAMI ANA KpeNACHIIA Ha KepeMKe aKONeMNMKA H Ha apense. BI The. 1.9, ~ I-it non.ll THe, 1.9. nompAs- ores GoxxooSpasnore (onanbstste) (TanpiuTona A.A 1965, €.73; Apenattopa ®.X., 1991, €.67), 1awnni- prscexne (Acces M.B. 1 ap., 1984, ra6a.XUL, 13; Jle- peparixo E.H., 1987, «.58) 1 Guxonnveckie (Hente- pos B.., 1982, ¢.170) dpopan1, C nasreitenitent pas- MepoD HAKOHEMHINKOD CTPeM MelLNAHCh H passeepAt conteryiikon. BoukooGpastinie nate Bicory 15-34 most autamterp 10-22 sant (Aces H.B., 1980, ¢.98, 99, ‘raGa.XXXI, 11), tuimnapirseckite ~ pbicory 20-100 iat aHamerp 20-40 aiat (Ilepenaniko E.H., 1987, €.58), GukommecKHte~ nptcoty 20-75 MH AHaMteTp 12-31 a (Hemepos B.®., 1982, ¢.171, 7461.1, 8, 9). B nepxnteit wacti, oGpauteriof K naxonestnt~ Ay, CAMCTYRKNC Hem Kpyrane (Baftnurrenn C.H., 1970, ¢.17; JMbaKonona B.IT., 1970, Ta6n.l, 41-45), xwanparnute (Canpuimona A.A., 1965, putc.13, 10, 11) i ommaticonsiaunie (Hemepon B.., 1982, ¢.170) oT- nepcrus. Koniwectno oTBepcTHl KoneGanOch OF onnoro no rpex. Knanpatutte aanunconmatnie ormeperitn ~ anoriume (Aces HB. w ap., 1984, ‘raGa. XXXVI, 7-10; Hemepon B.®., 1982, ¢.170), on Renaniich MepneniAuKYAAPHO HIM NOM YFNOM K HEP ‘Tukanbitof ocit coutcrynka, Anta KRampaTHOrO HAM ‘onmuncosianoro oTBepcrita ~ 6-12 Mat, 1H) 2-3 wat, [Iuaserp Kpyriibix oTRepCTH ~ 2-4 MA. Vnectust enyyan, xoraa caver MeANHKH Crpen HOTOTABMABANHIC MOKONNTHO 19 foauoro xycKa Kocrit (Acee® H.B., 1975, ¢.222; Ko- nurten E.B., 1981, 1461.2, 21), okeneaa (Kita1acon J., 1983, ra6n.XIX, 1, 25 Mennenen A.®., 1966, €.60) mit nepena (J{saxoriona BIT, 1970, 126x111, 31-33; Kotonacon JI.P., 1979, ¢.90). Hexoropote coxpaniouinecs HaKonewnnKn ¢ wactiitio pas6urTetsent Han RoMyDUIMM CBHCTYH- Kasont (Mennenen A.®., 19666, pic.3, 11; Jeaxono- a B.I1, 1970, ra6a.f, 51, 53) noxasiapator, To aan ble cDMCTYHKH >KeCTKO HACAKHBANHCH tha epeIIOK MAY HAKOHEUHNKOM H ApeBKOM cTpenbi. BMO- DMeHT Hlonananitn CTpembt B emb CBHCTYHOK OT YRa- pa nesbopainponarics u nonanca. Bo usGexane xe: CTKOFO KpeMMeHIH CBHCTYHKA MEXAY NaKoMeIH- KoM H ApeDKOM MOAMATHIBATACD AMOPTHSHPYIOUAA o6sorxa, Bpamarensioe abinxenne crpere npHAa- er onepenme, mpuxpennennoe xa apenxe cnewians- nine crocoGom (0 em Gysler cKasaMO 1HOKE), Te. onepenme cnyeKaerca 10 BLIpesa a naTKE CTpeTtst M cnerna sarnGaetcs nyrof sieno nM spano, To- TOMY CTPena Mora BPAUtaTDCA TOTBKO MIpH Hai~ ‘wir cnenmansatoro onepena onmpeneneniton bop Mat HL XDYFNOTO, TpeX- HinH NerbIpexrpattOro HAKO- HeHHKa HeGonbULOro pesmepa H Beca, Bo BEX OC ‘Tanbabix cnyaanx, OcoGEHNO Kors pasMepsr meMES- NbIX HaKOMeMHHKOR Mo UMpHNe AOCTHTaNH SO aM AOMOHVOda W onuuie, ppauiarerbinti noner erpents 6stn rexmo- Mponsiremnfi anyx enneryox Hanae 3a exer exopocrit monera it cBOeH KoNeTPyRUH. CBHCT ewxosorn4cexit BosmtestcTHOBAN Ha NPOTHBIHKA, @ ero nowlaHB GoW cTanonrimMcD HeynpaBnmessiinst (Xyaskon 10.C., 1986, ¢.150). CaneTyikit Mori He- HonbsonaTbcs [UA CUrHaNbUDIX CTpeN, YKAStIBAO: tx nanpanmenne crpens6o1 (Xysutxor 10.C., 1986, c.42, 43). BXVI-XVIL a8, y cenbxynoe jax opaace- nun netawielt yrKH Mepaonasannito mRMycKANACH “cpuicrauan” crpena (kynamy-Tie). Ona Waaaa- ua B Mlonere anyk, MOxOAIK Ha cBrtcT AcTpeGa. YTKa prmonmanact w Torna ye MO Hell CTpenAAN “YT noit” crpenoi (Tenyen H.H., Cononbes A.M. 1984, 42) Berpesiaiores sarovoBki, TosNo KorMpyIoME bopmy cancryAkoR. Ho OntH ne HMteIoT GoKontax oT- leper, Kak y sabepusentsrx axsentrinapoB, Bepo- THO, 970 MeaaKoHMeMILe CHMCTYINH HH HOME, auIOMMAOUENE (byHKUNE coemMUATEABIKE MDT uakonesmxa w mpenwa (AceeR H.B. 1 Ap.» 1984, rra6a.XII, 3, 4; Xynkon 10.C., 1986, ¢.150) sin yra- xenurens crpenbi, Tak, B CenbRYNCKOM TPARMUIKK HaxORHN cooSutenne, To sa4acTyIO Js Yeenu4e- nia aanbItOcTH moeTa crpembl H ee npouNKawouteH cnoco6uocrit Ha npeRkH Hanenank cnempenbHEe sydbrot-yraxenirens. Bapsanr raxoro yrexenrre- na wa xeneaa Wanecten Ha 9xseMTIMApe OXD (HAKO- eannx pomBuveckoro cevers), navutenHoM B pak one 06s Enntceficnoro Kanaita. ANanOrHuny®O Kon CTpykiuno mover HakOHeNTINK Ha Kyprantoro Mo- rumbnnka Asx. Tlo-nHnuMtomy, » 2ToM KavectRe MOP BBICTYMATH Hf ONIH H3 KOCTAEIBIX UHAKHIPHKOB, ‘obnapyxemmoaft Keuurroackow Mornmsuuve (Mo- noaun BH, 1979, ¢.105). Yrauxennrrennt, 1sroToR~ heute 119 KOCTH H packpauiemuace ropHs HbINM NonockaMH, OSuapyxKemtM mpm packonKax Mauragex (Benon M.H. 1 np., 1979, €.76, 77}. Tlo nmrenio senKon-XHPYpTOR, ¥ cHHtCTyMKA Guna cute onna ynxuna. FIpw paneniat erperoh ‘ov Ha Haus noraail, poInoAMAR pon» pacumrpuTens, akTiEMHO YeKopatoNLeTo MoTepIO KPODH patleIiscx. ‘Oneperste, Onepente npunanaro crpene ycrofnt- Bocth n nloxeTe 1 BOSMOXKMOCT RECTH NpHUEMDItYIO epenséy. B sonennit Janta Sarownnxa (XI kpacnopesiino ckasano: “He onepiis ctpenmt, npa- Mo We ctpenuri” (Mennenen A.?., 19662, €.50). cnonpsonani mepbs onperenentintx B1R08 rit, Bochosstom, 370 Goins rims, XapaKrepmEte a aHHOrO Peorpadbweckoro paftorta, Ho Tora, Kora 6611 BiiG0p, Yate ncero ucnomysoBANHCD He pbs opzion 11 n neckonsxo Mextbuief creitetit ~ KOD- luysiop, scrpeGop, (buruuios, xypannen, meGenen. B OnMHX KYABTYpAX MpeATOWNTANK waxoBBE NEPA Ht Tak, HTOGH Ha ONHOH crpene ORTH OmHHAKOBOR Cmpensi dpesnux u cpeduesexoasix xynumyp Eeparuu reepnocrn nepns H o6sarembHO € OAHOFO Keim Tpit oro, n m1080m cnysae, TOnbKO weet Mepbes {aaxonnie) xpiina Goin mputromunt Ana omepera etpen (Cononses A.H., 1987, €.30). JIpyrne mpex- Howurank onepars CTpetbi M3 XBOCTORX Mephes rnrii, 06ers 9To-TeM, TO MlocmemHite Gone xe- cerkne w He TaK HamoKAWT (PymenKo CH., 1962, €25; Tenyes H.H., Conosben AH, 1984, ¢.41; Comoanes AM., 1987, €.31), Orkas ontoro 19 xyttexins wae nnwes (Yaaynio-xon) yerynar» Kirrawo onpere- neMmbiit y4acTOK seni MOTHBHPORAREH TEN, ITO “a 9TOM KAHHE Pacrer O4EHD XOPOUIHTE nec, roR- tuoi a ApeDKU CrpeN, H BOMLITEA PMB, KONX TepEs yorpeGaniorea ia onyunxy crpen” (Pyaenxo CH. 1962, ¢.25-26). Muorne naponsa crennammito Batpa~ Luutnani opson Ax 9THX ene, TAK KaK HEX Tephe Guin AOBOTEATO KoAOREIMG BHINOM KYMAW-TPORUAN. Tponanantics 9 cay rH Usroronnenie onepenia Haunuaroce © T0r0, ‘sTo cilenoro nepa canpanoch oniaxano BMecte CTO: Koit noaackof HapYAHOTO clos crepaxt. Flony4en- Mle HONORIHKH Hasagpipannicn Knees HaKcTeHa- NCb a ApeBKO, OTCTYNAK OT TOpUa Ha 2-4,5 cM. Mora6 nepsen npxt stom aomxen 6t1Tt nampannet B omtty cropony. Muorne waroronTenn crpen #a- sano onepensi Ha Apenke AoTIonnHTEMbHO KEM NW CYXOKMAHAMG, KOHCKHM ROIOCOM, KOKAHDIMH Monockamn, pacTHTembHBINit HTKAMM, CTpembt STONE Me3OIH1Ta OMMEPAITHCH HeITKIMH MEPPAMIL, KO TopLte MPHBAIHIRAMIKCh K jpenky € MOMONTEIO pac- THTERBHMIX snETesL H KETIMHCH ApenectthM. KTEEM (OumbxaH1a C.B., 1989, €.37). Onepenne xenanoce neyx-, Tpex- YeTUIpeX psu. Teper m cpennine Reka wasirBann repos (onepenme) npennectikanat cMeptit 1 cuHTAMH, ‘iro 4 mpenpectiixa myunie, ext 3, Ho xopacaxti, cnaprpumecn wa apa6cxom BocToke cnoent wcKyc- Holt crpens6o!t, ynorpeGaamu tpexpaatioe onepe ie, ao He ppenimo Hx cnane (Arab Archery, 1945, p.110-112). Jmmua onepera onpeneanmack Becom H paoMepom ipenka crpennt 1 panuinnack oT 12 20 25 em, cmpeobrananitem mepher AAKHOR B 12-15 co Coornomenne aanne onmepenita K anumte crpenst cocrannano or 1:3 10 1:7. Ontaxo onstrasie ctper- Ki slenann onepenie Aammof 6-10 cx, Ups chnaxxon onepenia xone6arace oT 0,7 eM 10 2 cst Ho n Gombussencrae eaysaen ona papsissiace 1 em (Py snettko C.H., 1962, ¢.25; Mesineren A, 19668, 51). Gopuy onepenna expenia mprnanami nyrem o6pe- Sailta Nepa, HOO MALENO BHLX nacTO"KHA XBOCTA, pasa, Tpeyronbmnxa, pomGa, anmnmica HAM Kani. “BaapaGexsrx nacranneniiax peKomesinyeron crpe- ‘of, onepention c aesoro KpUina, NemTEce 8 mpaBy0 croposy team x naoGopor {Arab Archery, 1945, p.53- 54). Dro naGmonerne cpeHencxOBLX MYHHIKOH, 10- ayenhioe Gomburi04 onbirom, crlocoGcrsonaAo Go- AOMOHVOda nee rounioit crpennGe, TaK Kak B Moslere crpemta € sar- HYTHIMIE HOMACTENEH ONEpeHHA Mora, BPAULAACh, OT- KIONATECK, OTA H 1eSHaUHTENbHO, HO HMEHHO B TY cropony, xyaa nanpapzeu W3rK6 mepa. Tlonweseno, ‘iro, em Omibke onepenie k MhIpeaKe U8 TeTAB, TEM expena rounee k nonere, eM slambe—TeM o1ta GoIcr- pee. Ecrecrsetino, aysuixst ornazann npeanoxrenne TounoctH erpenbdut” (Mentnenen A.., 1966a, 51). Onepenue y cenepoasnarcKnx etpen moTH0 puneraer x apenky Hnx, naoopor, coeanmed ¢ tix oven menpoxtio coos KontaNDT, TitoTHOe coeninetine nocruraetes npHEsienpaniest, O69A9I~ aniten sain mpHOWAKOF nepas HenLIOTHOE— sattteMt- een: KoHNOB nepa B UKeNH jpeBKa HAM MeTKOtt o6MorKofi cro KoHOR. Murrepecnyts unbopmauno 06 onepennt etpen asnarexux Hf cenepHbrx Haponon » KOH.XIX — as.XX , maxon y Bub.Anmepa. ~ Crpena Ges onepenia, no a mmxest KouLie crpeant ects moapaxanne mepy, HapHconaniHoe Kpackoit. — Onepenise 49 2 nepren, mpienasaut nneabuo apenky (afhust, octaKt) — Onepeiine Ho 2 mpusssaninix nH HanonosnHy samlenmennstx mo nyaKe Nepbes (aftHb). = 2-3 nepa, y KOTOPSIX Goponka NO TOTOBHIEEE orpesava (aneyrat, 9cKHMOCH). = 2-3 mepa, pacnozoxennite no myRKe (Kops kit, OckHMOCBS, ameyTos, Htinesitst Cen. AMepHKi) ~ Kone nepa samuaeres 8 wiemb B mpenke (aysou, sexstatocts) — Onepenie ita aamunesom KOH, MpHOWTOR K penky (torxnocnSupexas opm) ~ Mpenxo pacutenneno, m pacer mporkeyto repo suai KycoeK Santini (KAMprHsbi, THITRKH Caxa- alma). ~ Onepenite nnoruo mpaxneeno; o6mratt08 sic no nephen ~ 3 (MoHTORBCKMe, TIOPKCKHME M TYHTYC- cxme nmemena Cenepnoit Asn or Ypana no teHT- panottutx oGnacret PyccKoit Ameparxn) (Anep B.., 1903, c.186-187) Jina ctpen c xpynmimnn HakonesmnKann orte- pente, ouenias0, nenanoce 3-4 paatioe x ansta ero octmrana 23-30 cn. ‘Yunku, Eure oma naokHbiM KOHCTPYKTHBHBIM oneMentom erpenst sunsets yunko. TIpH Hsroro NewIK peRka OMKH Ha ero KONMOB HeMHOTO pac- uimpsines, npo6peras rpyureouquy copy 28 mpousnocraa sapyOki, neoGxonnMo mpy qbisca- unt erpemnt a TeTHMe nyKa. ‘Yams Goin wenbabisic M CocTabttset (KOCTATTETE 6x00 1 wows). BroKis ~370 TOMKI, BOTHYTEIE ¢OR- wx napan- Cmpensi dpesnux u cpeduesexoasix xynumyp Eeparuu Hof croportsr xocrammte naacruntit, [To cnocoby Kpent- reHHA sa apeBKe paamaror BroK By THOD, [THM — IIpucoesMnierc K ApEBKY crenyIoULHM OGpasoN: BTO- it NPHKTeH NANCE & KONMY ADERKA C AAYX CTOPOH Kpenko o6xaroraanncs. Takne BTOKN HMREHD! B PATE rranerrinsxos cpySrioi xymisrypac orto 6ponsex (Cont tant H.B,, 1959, .74-76; CrapGonettko B.A. 1981, 15). Antaorvar epy6niiat BroKaM Mle MPOcMeAeHTE @ KYAETY- pax Goce no2nnero spesten. II THT mpencrasnser cO- Got nnacrista, KoTOpHe MpH copMetiertat OSpas0BHI- anit koctatioe aSno“KO, OMT xpemTemch 1a MpeDKe, KA ‘tepewsxonbie Haxontenumt, Kortentie s6104KH TaIOKE IMpencrannenn MBySIn THNAMGI, PASMMMGHOULIIKER 10 ‘crroco6y xpenstens. I ran Kou4eckor opm crep- _ent, ONpYTAbHLB CCEHHM, SoKAHSHBAIOLUHFCH YO anu sbiestxoit sya woumaxen. If Tan — oxpyrmnst ‘crepokeith, noni ayrpH, oxarUmnaNOUFica MnySOKHNE ‘onaibin nispeaom. Cnoco6 iacana na apenKo ~ Bryn a, ‘Onmensio yunnae KaK panne, NeRaMIch MPH H- rotorneson crpen ms Sanaa, TpocritHKa 1m GaM6y- xa. K apesny onH xpetminieh pH NOMOLH TKarteBOr ‘oGworxit m xaes, Bom y ynika Ohin Yepettox, 70 oH 06- MaTMBaCK TRANIDIO, CMASDIBATER KeTeeM HE BHATADSKY BeTannsnes 8 ApeDKo. Out, KEK MpasttA0, HSTOTABIIA- tcp 13 HaxGonee THepABIX NOpO LepeDeD, Pore WIE oct (Ciampi 1B. 1953, 82, pi.35, 2 Hlarosa- nos T.A., 1976, ¢.164, pic. 7, 20). Kpowe toro, yuki BOK HeKOTOpHtx KyisTypax HTOTABITARAMTHC H ME ‘anna, Hanpuxep, » Haauyieime (Kiraf, XB, 101.3.) naiinents 6poHsORE KOPOTKHe TYGKH C 4ETHIPHMA SSomsunit nbicryTaMG ¢ BHELIHER CrOpOHL $2KPHITO~ ro Kowa (KoMHCcapos C.A., 1988, «.78) Pasmepot Bbipesa ax TeTHBOI Ha npeBKe crpeAt AROIAHDI Opin HETKO COOTHETCTHOBATE KONCTPYKLUL nyka WaKaMerpy Teripis, TaK KAK FAYGOKOE YUIKO MOTO ‘TopMosirb nioner cTpenM, a MPH Memkos ~ crpena ne Yyneprxninaact Ha Terie. Hamtrsme yuna na crpene AHK- ‘Tonatoce criocoboxt crpenb6n 1 myKa, OGASATEABHBIM ramvesie yuma Goo pit crpen6e 13.) MEpBBIM, BTO Ding TpeTorna i eTREPTHIM (MOHCOTECKHIY) CTOCO6OM nto JLELAnysnny (AMVSHH JH. 1887, ¢369-371). Law riaroro “cpeniraentwosopcKoro” criocoGa yisko ta CTpe- nie Gstr0 He OGxsaTenbuniss, NOBTOMY MPAKTICYECKM BCE aanaaoesponeiicaie nysnntia nompsonamich CTpeTaNc es yusxa (Comaenn H.B., 89, puc.25, 1). Ha erpenax Goan TonsKo sapy6xn sum ebucanun erpemt wa TeTH- ne, Taknt crpems Gout, NanpHiMep, y aKTMHcKIE I~ MKB. AOMOHVOdI Cipeast dpesuux u cpeduesexooix xynomyp Espasun Tipeno ~ cyssa pasmesiiax nepenben. ‘lama crpents? 100-150-cx, anasterp apesa 10-20 042, Hakonesnik—Kocté tpyG4araa*, Tlepanie naneonirivecxite crpens, ReposHo, HaroTon- nen ryress o6:xra oxutoro Kona Cpa iM Gomiee POR- ott ankit sa Kocrpe, n peaymsrare wero KoWten APeRKA ronyvan xonrycoo6pasnyro cpopaty THepAOCTH 3a CET sarnepaenis onnirnuet apeneciosi cont. O6paTHe sane a Hleycrofemnssit monet crpenbt i ena6yio Gortnyro cy, Nenonex cram npHMeHUTD ApeBKH CYTO ‘uenntise nepxttiss KOHIOM Ha Repenben Gonee THepADE ‘nopon, a noa:ke 1 HaKOHesnN, HaFOTODNeHTITIE 19 CKO- non py6warbix kocteit, © peaynbTare aa cuercMeetnas enTpa THKECTH B CTOpoHty NaKOHevIINKa, yBemMUHTACS Goittan cima crpembt* (Onepeimeorcyrcroooano, Hakottentix xpemiuten Kipes- Ky MPH nomouIN apenectoro KieR M pactHtTeMHOTO BO- nox, Puc. 1. Tosi nasconu. Fig. 1. Late Paleolithic period. Abb. 1. Spite Altsteinzeit Dess. |. Paléolythe tardit "cama expe: Ina apeRka ~ pavKMe NEAM4uNN, HCHOALIONABMMECH| ABTOPON PeKOHCTPYRUIH # M aaaee swesaouKasiit orseMents anTopeKte pexoHcTpyRumt 10 « AOMOHVOd gfAQMOHPOdA Cmpensi dpesnux u cpeduesexoasix xynumyp Eeparuu ‘peoxo~Gepena, coca, em, TonOM Zarnsa npenxa 100-150es, aeanerp 10-15 yo Hakone xpesennit 62x18 sn, Sepostrito, Kpent ‘a pacTHTenbitbNe BONOKTIOM 1 Kees, OAYEHUTENCOT epeosen (Poraien A.H., Anikopir4 M.B., 1984, 180, pu.82, 9,10) ‘Onepetnte orcyrcraonano, nockonbxy crpenbéa nenache sueGomusoro paccrommsi3-2aeste¥srembuo¥t ypy- rocriL aya (yK)* Puc. 2. Hosaunit naacomer. Cyurupe, Kocreusoscxo-crpescuxas xyabtypa, Fig. 2. Late Paleolithic period. Sunguir. Kostenkovsko-strelets culture, Abb. 2, Spiite Allsteinzeil, Sungir, Kostenkower Schitzenkultur Dess. 2. Paléolythe tardif. Sungir. Culture kostemkovsko-strele7kaaCmpensi dpesnux u cpeduesexoasix xynumyp Eeparuu Apes ~Gepess,cocna, ex Tlawma npensa—58 ex, 0a waits CB, 1989, 36,222, r96n, Jipeaso crpenti sanepntaxoct pasnBoeHitys KOHOM, nnpitcnocoGnentnist sa ynopa Ha TevHAy (OuHBxrHa CB, 19889, 6.36). Haxonewnitk xpenenoit, nocrapencéyprexoro Tima (Oum6xuita C.B., 1989, 219, ra62.12, 2) xpemiincs x Apenxy mpH noon exon eyxosumant (On CB, 1989, 6.219, 7a601.12,2,¢.37). Onepeante xpemnoct x ApeDKy pH HOMOL OMOREI HL cysoxumai (OtanGs0nta C.B., 1989,<.36), Tpocreraunnit en1oco6 kpertnestiinoxtepersicoctositn npicoemuHeNtt K.xpeaky ncero nepa, “Miia, KaK O10 MOnysaeTEK OF nti TaKiTo o6a onaxana tums eno” (Astra TLE, 1887,€.378) Tyna onepens 10-20 ext4, unpre ntepa 25-40 wae*, Puc. 3, Mesonur. Hiexuce Beperue I Tpronesne. Fig. 3. Mesolithic period. Nizhnce Veretye I. Onezhskoye Lake area, Abb. 3. Mesolithikum. Nishneje Weretje I. Onegaseegebiet. Dess. 3. Mésolythe. Nizneé Veretjé I. Le bord de l'Onega AQMOHPOdACmpensi dpesnux u cpeduesexoasix xynumyp Eeparuu w@ Apesxo ~Gepesa, cocita, en Tuma apenka ~ 65,5 cM, antasterp 10 x1 (Ou CB., 1989, ¢.36, 7462.15, 2) JIpenxo erpenta & ocHonainw sanepuraztoce paannoen- unis KOMILOM, MpricriocoGuenuBIAL Lia yrtopa na Ternay (Oum6xuta C.B,, 1989, 36). Haxontewuik (Koctb ¢ xpesmennist BkaaabIUeM) ~ BC auituienoi dopsis (tH VI), aorranyroit ¢opy (OumGx1a C.B., 1989, ¢.36, 7961.13, 13, Umara xoctanioro naxontetia 18 6s ‘Onepense xpersutoch K npenky npH MOMOUIH Mon yxonsemin (Oum6xsnta CB, 1989, ¢37). Fpocreri ‘r10co6 Kperniens ortepentita cocroa B pHcoes K ApeDky ncero nepa, “nasa, Kak O10 NOAYYaeTcA OT nvm, Tak 470.062 onaxara wun 8 neo” (Auyan JLH., 1887,¢.378), ‘Tania onepenss 10-20 ea, usstputia nep (6xnnia Puc, 4. Mesomrr, Hooxitee Beperse I IIpuonexte. Fig. 4. Mesolithic period, Nizhnee Veretye I. Onezhskoye Lake arca. Abb. 4. Mesolithikum, Nishneje Weretie I. Onegascegebiet. Dess. 4. Mésolythe. Nizneé Veretjé I. Le bord de POnega AQMOHPOdACmpensi dpesnux u cpeduesexoasix xynumyp Eeparuu Anna npenna—65,5 cm (OurnGxntaC.B,, 1989, ra60.15, 2, €36), AwaMerp — 8 MMB HIOKHER sfacrH 17 NOY axonesmita (Onm6xatta C.B,, 1989, 1461.15, 2). Marepwan —nerknt coc (OnmHOKita CB. 1989, 36). Haxowerinix Koctanon, OnKoHTPrectaf, BEICOTOR 20M, auanerp — 18 vs, 2aKperzken cyKORAIMHeM Tt CMONOHt (Oums6xoma CB, 1989, 1261.13, 2,36, 37) n3-xmec- (Onepertte ~nemunoe nepo, mpumxpermtenioe K apEBKY monoutsi0 cmon cyxoninai*, Paswep nepa —aanate 10-15 cm, muepaia nepa ~20-40 mnt Puc. 5. Mesonur. Cenepo-Bocrox Eupaaitn. Hisantee Beperse Fig, 5. Mesolithic period. North-east of. Eurasia, Nizhnee Veretye I Abb. 5, Mesolithikum. Nordosten Eurasiens. Nishneje Werelje I Dess. 5. Mésolythe. Nord-Est de I'Eurasis, Nizne® Veretjé AQMOHPOdACinpenin dpesnux u cpednesexosux xynomyp Esparun Meno —Sepera,cocta, enb. Tinoma expen 67 ex, aurancenp 7 wns (Umma HLM, 1990, c.32-34; Bparuento CH. 1989.78) Haxoneunx— xpenmensii (Bepesaricran CC, Lpek EB, Knomo B.H., JInmxo C.H., 1994, ¢.28-34, puc.13; (Commarsse H.B,, 1959, 187; Uninet HM, 1990, ¢.29- 30; Bparvenko C.H,,1989,¢.77-78). Haxonewnnx 1 omepenne xpenunice Ha apeske YXOrIMHH HUH paCTHTTEMEHTIL NITADN Ha KEN. opma oneperis — onambitoe, manta 10-12 uu: ynKupionarsworo Haanayess crpent (Baxeukas 9. 1987,€.73-74; XyasKon FO.C., 1986, 99; 1978167) Conterynox — Kocranoit, ¢ 3 Kpytmsint oTpepcriant pusantetpos 2,5 ass, ero muicora 17 san, arancerp 16 ms (Ryasxon 10.6, 1986,€.99). Onepenne~3-x panne, mumconnnom popes (Xyt- om 10.C., 1986, ¢.99), ania 13 exc uoppita dpmanKKa 12m yreroanan nee naKontesnnta Ht coneTyTK®, Orse- penne ¢ o6enx etopon slonomnitenbHo saKpennaerca a Neekomsko O60POTOR KOHCKTEN BOIOCOM. A TOM CBitc- ‘TyMIKoM oAMaTECBaeTCR Ma wpa 15 sta WesIKORAA Pacxpacapensa—xpactiih (Baneukax 9.B,, 1987.¢.73) Paes Puc, 34, Tanrromexas xyntrypa. I-V op, Munsycrniexas Koto. Fig. 34, Tashtyk culture. [-V ¢. Minusinsk basin. Abb. 34. Taschtyk-Kultur. | -5-Jh. Minussinsker Griber-Steppe. Dess. 34, Culture de Tatty. I-V sitctes. La combe de Minusinsk 4B AOMOHVOdCinpenin dpesnux u cpednesexosux xynomyp Esparun Tipesxo -Gepesa, coe. Tiamava crpenvi 70cs anabteTp ApeBka 8 wt (OBsHHH Kona B.B., 1998,¢.285). Haomesiunx— sepemmkontai, 3-x nonacrHof, ponGo- nian c xpyrabinsi orneperHamn a nonocrax (Xyasi= op FO.C,, 1984, ¢.68, puc.1, 2) Conerynox—noctanos (Onunsmnxona B.B., 1998, 285) ‘3. ornepcrisasn, noicora 17 sa, anascerp 16 sne*. Boepxtief sacri crpem 103 conicrynkom rMeercH 06- ora 19 Gepecramnnx nonoc (OnracmNona B.B, 1998, 285). Oneperne — no artanoran Gonbannnersa TrOpKEKIOX expen yanmnenoe (Xynx08 10.C., 1984, 6.71), opwa ~nacrokuitt xpocr, mnta 15-20 ew", mrp cba op 12 sne*, Packpac npenka ~ epenyroutiteca monocnt xpacttoro it ‘sepnoro uneros (Opramxona B.B., 1998, .285). Puc. 35. Tiopan. VI-VITT 8p, Ana, Tyna, Muniyca, Morroana, Fig. 35. Turki. VI-VIlle. Altai, Tuva, Minusa, Mongolia. ‘Abb. 35. Tiirken. 6.-8.Jh. Altai, Tuva, Minussa, die Mongolei Dess. 35.Tures. VI-VIII sidcles. Altaj, Tuva, Minusa, Mongolie Wh AOMOHVOdCinpenin dpesnux u cpednesexosux xynomyp Esparun peso -Gepesa, coca. Alma erpens 74 cot, anasterp mpenxa y yurka 8 MM, y laxonemmnxa 5 mm (Baitmusrern CH., 1966, «305, uc 17). axons —xeneatnsa, 3x nonactHoni, cxpyrmbrant otmepcruayn, epetxonnit(XyasKon1O.C,, 1986, .143, pic 64, 3). Concry tox Kocrarioft (OnsntnKona B.B., 1998, .285) 3 orseperienat, anata 19 is, noraseenp 12.Mac*. (O6sorka cancryitka n ivxttef NacTH exeTaMa KONLCKIIN soniocos*, Onepenste yanunenioe (Xynaxor 10.C, 1984, €.71), opsa ~ nacrouxun xaocr, amma onepentia 16 cM", sumpitta ¢paaaston 12.00 Yerwo—usmpunia cewin § mo, eny6una potest, 7-8 at (Bannarresn C.M, 1966, 324, pue.17) Packpac bHixnet sacra epenyrouiteca weprisie 1 kpac- ure roroce (Barhtzreitn CH, 1966305, 324, pac. 17). Pree. 36, Top Llenrpaosiofi Aon, VI-VIL po, Fig. 36. Turki of Central Asia. V-VIILc. Abb. 36. Tirken Zentralasiens. 6-8. Jh. ess. 36, Turcs del’ Asie centrale. VI-VIII sitcles 45 AOMONPOd gsCinpenin dpesnux u cpednesexosux xynomyp Esparun Apes — Gepesa, coca, ‘Tanna crpents 70-75 ex 1O.C Xyaxxova pasmep crpe- mot ~ 48 ea, Yuruipan paswep Koxprotsexoro nyKa 140) on (Xyamxon 10.C., 1980, ¢71), nara crpents nosrxsta ‘Gurrh a mpenenax 70-80 ex, anaMcerp apenna 8X, KYDKY WiraKontenityenerxa cppxaeres. Haxonieamix—skenestbi, tepeaikonbit rinocKs, ac Metpwiito-pomGusecknit (Xynakon 10.C., 1980, ¢.95,, TAGAXXIX 1). Cantcryniox— nocratiofte3 ormepcrims stot 31 est autanterpom 17 wa. [lon cancTyHKoM aenertan wuenko- ‘nag mnrr«a, nnata o6xcorKrt 10 sos, Onepetnie xmntontianotichopms, 2-x pantie, anima 125 ew, praia ehnaaa 20 20 00 Yusxo — aposnon dopant, rny6ntioft 5 max (XyaaKon TOC, 1980,¢.11). Packpac— ane nonoest Ha paccroniit 18 ex or Korte yunka no 7 904 LipHUOR KaxcraA. Flonock: seneis8 Ht pactas (Xyuaxon FO.C., 1980, ¢.112, 133) Puc. 37. Eunceticxue Kuprenss. VXI sa, Minycncxas norosinta. TyBa. Fig. 37. Yenisei Kirghiz. VI-XIlc, Minusinsk basin. Tuva, Abb. 37. Jenissej-Kingisen. 6. bis 12. Jh. Altai, Minussinsker Talkessel. Tuva. Dess. 37, Kyrgyzde l'Enisse). VI-XI siteles. La comibe de Minusinsk, Tuva 46 AOMOHVOdCmpensi dpesnux u cpeduesexoasix xynumyp Eeparuu Tpenxo—6epesa, acer Tiara crpens 60 cx (Kaneticxné B.H., 1982, 50), n01a- ‘erp npenka 8 nos, y YUIKa M HaKoW.eHnIHKa MeMHOTO CY- oxaeros (Kanniatcxatt B.H., 1982, 50). Bose axons Ka yuna O6MOTKG 13 KOTIEKOTO BOMOCA Hi YAO ait (Kanornrcxti B.H., 1982, €.50, pue.10, 11). Haxonevniax—aenestnit,3-x rpantiif, 4epemKoBeri (Kaxomnciosi BH., 1982,¢.50). Onepenne ~ 3-x panuioe, cbopma ~ nacroxnntt xnocT,, ota 10 espa parka 12 vn, Brreprtett tacrHt “omeperiexpenoci KotckaIM BonocoM amprazof 10. ackpac— can (nrexro) Braet sacra (Kaninnicxt BAL, 1982, 50). Puc, 38. Asan, VIL-X 8p, Moutesas Banka. Cevepttil Kasxas. Fig. 38, Alans. VIL-X c. Moshchevaya Balka, Northern Caucasus. ‘Abb. 38. Alanen. 7. bis 10..Jh. Mostschevaja Balka, Nordkaukasus. Dess. 38. Les Allains. VIL-X si8cles. MoSéevaa Balka. Caucase du Nord AQMOHPOdAI Cipeast dpesuux u cpeduesexooix xynomyp Espasun Apenxo ~ 6epena, coca, eno. Tima npesna crpensi 83,5 ox, raterp apenKa 8x (Kessnacon HL, 1981, €.205). Haxonesanix—aencarti, J-xnonactHof, €BBI- es0M AOTTACTAK B BANE BAMATONX, EPELLKOBEATE (Kersnacos HJ. 1983, 7a6n.XIX, 6) saxpenent XOAWSHOR OGMOTKOH (Kossacos IIL, 1981, 6.205, pHC.74, 625 1983,¢.18-19, T26T.XIX-AXD). Cancrywox ~ Kocranoft opanbitom dbopats Innapribin nepexsarantn a xoHtaX, unite 30 1, abtanterp 20 ane (KisxsnacOB HLJL, 1983,0.75, 80, 82, ra6x. XIX, 1, 2, 5,6), [lon comteTyHKON Lrenkonof msrTKON chenta NoMMoTKaTpENBET- aw vke1T0-Kpactio-2eneH.as KaK Y YUIKA IPH ‘Hoft21 sn. Ontepemie cnepxy n cHUy saKpente- HO KOHCKHIM RONOCOM, CREXY LIMNPHHOR 20 8M, cosy 200m Omeperne — nepostHo, Opin 3-x paatioe*, lumpia dnaakka 20 mm*, opMa = nactos- tH xnocr, jumiia— 15 ew. AtlanorHstto Mon romncxns. Pacxpac na yinke—nbaie mpopesn KETO, KPC oft stserenof Kpackof B BITE 3 MpHMBAKATOIIIEX annornyto apyt K Apyry noscKon. Io npeaKy— pact patrronoit yaop (Kersaacos HJ. 1981, 208). Puc. 39, Xaxacws. Ackwackas kyssrypa. X-XIV ne. Anraii, MantycuicKas xovaosuua, Tysa, Fig, 39. Khakas. Askiz culture. X-XIV c, Altai, Minusinsk basin, Tuva. Abb. 39. Chakassen, Askiser Kultur. 10. bis 14. Jh, Altai, Minussinsker Talkessel. Tuva, Dess. 39. Les Hakass, Culture des Askiz, X-XIV sideles. Altaj, a combe de Minusinsk, Tuva 48 AOMOHVOd BCmpensi dpesnux u cpeduesexoasix xynumyp Eeparuu Tipesto —6epesa, cota. Anna saxsurarensaoit crpenst | mpensiuraer oGursmyio na 20-25 ou meer o6uryt0 ana 125, coe", ananerp apensa 10 MM", Hasonesus — acenesunin, 2x | nonactuoi, erymstarif, aMatta 6.6cm, cKonycomnmton oTyAKOR (Cenona M.B,, 1971, ¢.87; Mex- nenen A.®,, 19663, ¢.52) Oneperne arson 15 cx, cbop- Ma ~ nacrosnen xAoct*,snHpH= ata pmax 20 MN? Tlaxtenstit Kon rpyieniawort opaas*, MAOH 17 ose Ha Metpow 6 ew. Bocrunaens tupsiex warepwan—npowsacten- | ag max, Pri. 40, Szxrarenuias epoanenenonan crpena. Fig. 40. Igniting medieval arow, Abb. 40. Mittcllterlicher Brandpfeil ess. 40. Fléche incendiaire du Moyen Age AOMOHVOdi i Cmpenet dpesnux u cpednesexosuix xyasmyp Esparun Ipewxo - Gepesa, coca. ‘Tua sexurarenssi0 crpemss npesuius- er oGtisuyi0 crpeny na 15-20 om sestteer ‘oGmtyio nary 100-125 ex TIpesica nvamerpows 10 0" Haxortesmark —>xenesmnai,2-x nonacrnom, rymisiarott, mmoit—5,4 eM, KOPN. puianoit pryaKo¥t (Tomapon B.K., 1950, 94-95; Mennenen A. 1966a,€52; Ceno- paM.B,, 1971,c.87) Aaa onepenns— 15 ca, wnpprnsa dpnars- ka 15 a, chopata ~ nacrouxistxBocT™. Mewioxex anitio® I2cM*, stanterpost 25 14M € pocminawenmoMunien MavepHaAOM (cepa, nopox). Puc. 41. Suxnrarenbuas erpesia. VIII-XII pa, Fig 41. Igniting arrow. VII-XI . Abb. 41. Brandpfeil. 8.12. Jh, ess. 4. Fleches incendiaires. VIII-XII sitcles AOMOHVOdCinpenin dpesnux u cpednesexosux xynomyp Esparun Apenno —Gepera, ‘Lanna experts 80 cae, atasierp apensa 9 woe (Menaetes Ad, 1966a,€51, 52). Tlpeno o6sioranto cruparsiio roaockoit NepHiof KO (anounnxona 0.1978) Haxorternnns~axeneatii, M1OCKIN, POMBNMECKI, e= pemxonnrit (Meanenen A.®,, 19663, ¢.68; Denopon 1B, 1953, €.108, pxcd5, 1). Haxonteumex acrannatest pacien penta o6Matt- pane pacrirrenbit0ft WiTKO. Onepennce 3-x panttoe’, dpopsta — aacrowai xsoct, sma 10 ese, uinputia daaxka 15 sact, Ontepente ¢ ays cropot AononusrTexbHO 3aKPeNnAOCy Kpaci uenkonoft TKoit umpmHOy no 20.sn4 cepy HENNEY. ‘Yunko — Koctavioe, cevennn coaHOF CrOpOH ORAAD~ hoe, Apyroii~ Kpyrn0€. Hero nncureitcroponte antecenns xpaciittvepunat -xpyrornic noxesn (Sepenaniona E-H., Ilesttexii AA, 1968, .189, pite10, 8. | in Q N A A , Puc. 42, Home koveoncn, 2-2 no XI ~ tes roa.XIIL s. Kanteuna 26/1 Fig. 42, Late nomads. Late Xl, — larly XIII ¢, Kamenka 26/1 ‘Abb. 42, Spate Nomaden. 2. Halfte des 11. Jh.~ 1. Hilfte des 13. Jh. Kamenka 26/1 ‘Dess. 42. Les nomades tardifs. 2-me moitig du XI ~ Ere moitié XII siteles. Kamenka 26/1 ST AOMOHVOdoon Cmpenet dpesnux u cpednesexosuix xyasmyp Esparun pesto -6epesa. Tina crpems 50 cw, tHaMerp 6 MM, RPEDKO K YINKY 1 axonesmany cyxaeres no 5 404 (Orpouternxo B.B., Pac- cawaxitt 0.4, 1986,€.26). Haxonesnin xereametit, nnockiit, pomGomunteti, e- peurkonntfi (Mennenen A. 1966a, 66, 115, 7361.30, 39) mpuxpentnen k apeBKY pH TOMOWLH cyXOKHAMA, a cvepxy o6Morka roxpsiTa Gepecon. Julia OGMOTKK. Gepecron7-em. Onepere~3-x paatioe, anita onepenus 5 em (Orpo- eno B.B., Paccawaxin 10.f1, 1986, ¢.26), umprna krtnorioro itea, Ha |e Gombe asta 4 petra taxoneuniia, minke cRitcrynka cnepKy agpiara Gepecroi* Cuterytox 6urkonmeckoitchopysit kocramoft ¢ 2npawoyronbatisen npopesnvan. [nna 30 sing, atanterp max 18 stmt (Meanenen A.D, 1966, 604 Xysnkon 10.C., 1991, 6125-126). Onepenne neposrruo, 6nixo 3-xpriaice, Tak Ka. nporinsom cxyae, aiashrenbince passcepes naxontennka 1 HaMee cNtCTyAKa He NO3RO- nut 6x pyaar crpene yerotisinoct® pH rnonere™ssu1na 20 cu, zarpata dpexka 20 oe, Dopa onepenis — Macro HHL xBocT. Pug, 45. Monon. XI-XIV ns, Tyna, 3aGaiixambe, Mouroaus, Fig. 45. Mongols. XXIV c. Tuva, Baikal area, Mongolia. ‘Abb. 45, Mongolen. I1.-14. Jb, Tuva, Transhaikalgcbiet, die Mongolei Dess, 45. Les Mongoles. XI-XIV siécles. Tuva, les bords de Bajkal, Mongolie S49 AOMONPOd gsa. Cmpensi dpesnux u cpeduesexoasix xynumyp Eeparuu Tpenxo —Gepeaa, coca Siawma crpemns 75 em, naMerp upenxa 9 mo (Meapene, ‘A, 19663, 50}, Haxonestink—mnockrt, kmtmonnrmHait, Nepentkonitt (onapon B.K., 1950,¢94; Benopon [-B., 1953, ¢1 Mensexen A, 1966a,¢.50, 67, 361.18 1 Apron: ‘aH A.B, 1969, 398; Cenona M.B., 1971,c.89) Kpenmenite waxomenia crpenot ~ 10r7Ko#, a cnepxy oGworka o6xteetia Gepecroit (Meanenen AP, 19663, 51-52). Onepenne—3-x pankoe*, ops —aacrouRHaExRoct™, sana 13 co unputia asia 12 ase. Veperteno mete ‘TooSpasiiof o6storko!t no Kew ATK! nua waa oGMorsi 5-10 wi. Korum onepetiis saxpennenss crimoriHom ob MoTKOH Ha Kne¥o MITKOF JeneNOTO NET sunmnofi x0 2 ca, Hhitui taer» oxpatienia cnerao-senetioi xpacKoii*, Pre. 46. Knenesan Pyes. XII Fig. 46. Kievan Rus. XIL. ‘Abb. 46. Kyiwer Rus. 12. 1h, Dess. 46. Russie kigvienne, XII sitcle 5S AOMONPOd gsCinpenin dpesnux u cpednesexosux xynomyp Esparun Mpenxo—6epesa, cocna. juan crpean 80 em, uHaMerp Apenka 9 sau (Mensetes Ao, 19662,6.50), Haxonennink—skenesiti wepetixontaitcynopost, xpyt mit post6urteckuh (Menseaen A, 1966a, €.69, 261.306, 44) Onepenne~3-x paruoe (Meanenen A... 1966a,€.51), sunita 14 iat, wonpasna aswa 15 sa, popsca— ac ‘rounan xnoeT* ‘Yipetiteno nittrro06pastioit oS MoTROA MO KEW HITKOR kpactioro npera. nstia wara oGsorw15-10 sre Kons nepenis saxpenmicaintcrutouiH0f| OGMOTKOMI Ha KEIO werkofi xpachoro npeT@ 10 2 ex. Ananorit40 H Xpetinetine HakotiesHiHtKa, Wo 9a 06MoT- a ete o6keeta Gepecrom (Menseses A, 19663, .51- 32). Hivatisit sac oxpauietta xpactot xpackof Tenens H Hy H H H H iY H Y H H H 1 H = Puc. 47. Pyeb. XIIL-XIV aa, Fig, 47. Rus, XIILXIVe. Abb, 47. Rus. 13.-14.Jh. ess, 47, Russie XTTE-XTY sieles 56 AOMOHVOdTpeaxo - 6epesa,cocta Tlawna crpens1—80-90 cm (Mennenen A, 1966a,€.52), uanierp mpenka~9 vn Haxonteurmie—cexroponimutsitxpyramicpeseits (Mes penen AP. 19668, 76, 7267.30, 66) TIpenxo y naxostessnka 06pirr0 maya yBKHGsH 300TH at monocxasa (Eaprowon K.10,, 1999, ¢.101),tunpso4om 1 ‘Oncpennte ~ 3-x panttoe, bopata — aacrowxsin xnocr*, ro nta ¥9-3a aHasHTeNBHLOTO BEC M passepa 1aKo- estinka ropasno Gomune oSBr4HBIX—20.*, wsntpHta HB tea B ceclenMe. HeGecnoro sepa enetona.to ¢ noxecta- C Meapezem urea yeasurreabueait pas oop. OxorMHKH yBarkttTeatbito Rutan nen: «Lops 38eps, Tht mpocru Hac WE He cy ETPOTO: BEAK He Mbt TeGH YOR am, a pyacnen, [pi 9Tom oxormmKt 10- ASbIBAJIN IBEpIO PYAHA H CBUMUOBLIC yan, a crapunnit maman cons patow m oGuacnsia xossimny ateca: «My apes CosLULEHHEbIi 3Bepb, TO He MEA TeOH HeceM, To Boponbt HecyT TeOH, Mea asi, OHM eISIT TOE MSICO>. Renmmnes crown yt» NooTATE mobpaxcaain noponse kapKanne. Own, Ho oGbr4a10, saKpbiBAsIN AMUa HAT Kamin, Kak MpH BeTpeHe co cTapmIN PoreTBeNHHKaMH yaa H MpurowapH Baan: «floveMy Tet Hac NOKHHY:, Hau Crapumit Bpar? Ha koro ros tac o1- 1X OCTABILT? Haxanyne aelicrna, noceamentoro XOAILIM ABA He-TOBeKa Co CTpe.tAN Yxpamenmbrstn moTocKaMH yKtta 1 KO- sowoammxann, Horpscas erpeaam pikavin ont 3a3bi6a.1m Hapoa Ha pit- Tya.tbmbse Tamtpt. Te, KTO corsranrasten puitru na npasawus, oGepreisa. erpeay Kyexamn xeproentoit rant, Teneph Meanens, on 3ananoii Cudupm anno: noii snep) Bospbaurentioe cyutecrBo, Koraa B eT yaepAHMO B.leK.Aa SeMtst. OFeU eFO - BEPXOB- biti Gor Topyn, yeTYMH MpOcKGaM chitta HONYETHLT ETO B TOABKE Ha 3eMATO, MOpy4HD GmocTH 31ech NOPATON WCpABeLINBOCTE, He MPHUMNSITE Bpesta OAM. O,HAKO Mejlketb Hapyullaer HeKOTOPHIe YeTAMOBKH OTHIA, fo YOUBAIOT OXOTHHKHT Hf, KAK Npeanitcarto Borom, yeTpapaior B 4ecTs HeGecnoro 3seps oOpaoptit npasain n urypes ayxon-noxposirreset. AQMOHPOdAoon Cmpenet dpesnux u cpednesexosuix xyasmyp Esparun 7 34. Crpecta aeGe wamana yicry-Kama, Aaraii-xir.XVIIEXIX 5, Aatrait, Apesio oxpameno p kpacrtit unet i no Bcelt anne oGBHTO so-.0TOI! MMTypoll, NORepX KOTOpo! HaMoTAHA kpacnas n 2xetras tre. B paiione onepenms & ApeBky nprnsannt 16 nomocoK TKaNH xEs1TOrO, Ge-10F0, rosIyGoro, Kpactioro, uosteToBOrO Ht 3¢.1eHoro uBeTOB. Cpeau HHX Ge-1as MerKOBAM ). OG:1aare TaKoll erpesoit osMaNa.IO OG:a- ate cnazoit nperkon. 96 4 AOMOHVOdCinpenin dpesnux u cpednesexosux xynomyp Esparun 35, Kyawrosas erpe-ta(apxyn) nlommocnman Txocty (anreny-xpanurreano) ma.tsnxow Bo BpeMst wiUMAMALH . Ocermmis.XVII-XIX Bp. Kyprarus.Ocerus. B Macxasnunaii sernepr nponoanacs npasawuk, cestanuetll ¢ couMaamsau- cif aereit, Mo nenoanenmn waawanKy ‘pex er porurreaimnn ero yerpansaaes pasanm Useyserrar. K Tomy ano MAJIK TOTOBHAM KOMIACKT One Ab, BKINOMABLIMIT B Ces Bee ATPHOY TEL MyxeKoro mpasamimoro KocTroma, nuaors 10 Gyrarbopexoro opyxust. B conposoxzenun crapuiux, mpasatn- ‘uMO OTETHIX Ma.THAMKOB, OTMPABARAT ensrrammy «Trocr-asyap», noc tennoe Txocry — scecu.tbnomy aureary -xpamnrresto, npoTHBHMky Bex BparoB, -HACILAIBHHKOB, PACIO:LOAEMHOMY y C. Lyorrn 8 Kyptarin. Tyna ae co6upa- Och MHOwEETHO NONE, westABMIX npucyrersopare Ha oGpare npouanust eTeli € noKponHTesteM wert, 4a- AOPOAMH 1 HepeXOAON HX MOA MOKPOBI- ‘TEALCTBO APYFOFO CBSTOFO — UMS! KOTO oro osnasaer «en-tbrttit / samen ‘Teil / rpowkuit / easiest B pykax kaazoro 15 nocaamaemnrx Gui.1a xepensinnast expecta, yxpame- [HHLASL MHOFONNE:IEHHDIMI, 10 BOSMO- ARHOCTHY, MecTKOBbINM TeHTONKAMTT Kpacnoro, 6e:10r0, s0.0roro (ase.rroro) Beta - KYAGTOBbIMM, CBSIULEHHDIME uperawn. Beatil- noaepkupaer styXoBHy10 He- TOTY HAPOA, ero BEICOKYKO HpARCTBe- oer. Kpacnsaii - ensinousmponat MYAeCTBO, AOGAIECTH, FOTOBHOCTE 3a- mumtatt eBoto Poannty. Keser - canaereanereyer 0 TpyaoawoGin Hapoaa. Y comriuimma crapeiiimma oGmmnbt nponsHocna MOaITTBY B HECTH HOBBIX HaIeHOB OGUIECTBA, B KOTOpOT MOMEP- KHBA.10CH, MTO NOCHSMLAEMBIE Vike LOCTATOUHO KDEMKH M EMOFAM CAMOCTOSTTEAIGHO MpHITTHL K CBSITOMY ATPOHY. B Moamrne corepacacines, TakcKe noweTanHA MA.TbAMKAM OBITE MOCTOMMEIME METAAITIMIE 151 EBON CTApHTHX. Tocae moseGua ¢ nocnsaemnrx TopaecTHeHHO cHHMA.IN rocionnEte YOopEt H MoARepra.tn Hx OGpsAOnOMY pHTb10 ro.108 (Grbap AacT). 3aTeM MALIN MoAHOCHAIN MpHHeCeHHbIC CTPEAb CBSTHAMULY B KANECTBE enocoSpasnbtx KyaIsTOBHIX Aapos (apxEyn). Moc-e THX MpoHeAYP MasbIMNH esHTTA.tHIcb MoaHONpaBHIN saienamn ceancnoii oGumnnet, C 9T0ro MoMeHTa HM NosHO.IsIOcb HoceMeNHe OMIeCTREHHBIX MeponpHSTTHi, npopommmerx B cee, 974 AOMOHVOdCmpensi dpesnux u cpeduesexoasix xynumyp Eeparuu TpeaGaiixaascxue Gypsres, XVIL-XIX pp.lOamnan Cuénpp. Y npexGaiiicaabexux Gypsr enepeat enaiteGnoro moesa exat “rypyyito” (aa.anme Typyuinn) — nepexonoi, neryntnit — co crpesoit ¢ wees maxoneuukom (ex homo — Goatsinas. erpesia), YpAMeHKIOH ULe-IKOBbIME INHETAMH 1 APKUMIE TOCKY TRAM (aaa), Mo nosepssin, nasnatenne Typyummia Besyuiero crpe. Och B TOM, 470 OM CHOEII ETPE.TOIi, KO- Topas BHYMAAa CTpAX BeAKOT HeHHeT (ioynmse afizraxa), pactmmas xopory, srrodet newer ne mpuerana.ta exy- uM, He HoMeura.ta GaaronostysHOMy ApnGurrimo enareSnoro moesta, pasro- xu 3a16tx JyXoR, oGeperan nenecty BOOGUIE GyzyMLYIO AHSHB MOAIOIDIX OF x Kostelt Hornexan k topre, Typyuinn. cockans- BAA KOH, KOTOpOrO TYT we YBOIAT, ie saAepaHBAstet, NpOXOUEA B 1OpT MuKoro He npuBeTeTBys,, NoANOAHLL cenepo-sanaanomy e¢ croa6y. OKon0 croaGa cues noxn.toii, xpenxuii my sua, Eean Typytmin estrada >Toro MyAHHHy OCTOIMEIM, OF CraHOBHACH emy ¢ pasbery oaMoit Horoll Ha nc1e4o HW BTBIKAA eTpeay B cTOAG KAK MoAHO BBUNe, HpHEM TAK, “rOGE OMA 0 aaeb Ha ToA1Ge HOA HpsMBIN ceime ays, e¢aim B HaK:I01 axemnm, onepennem knepry. Es ‘Typyunmy myacinna kasates HexocTa- TOSHO KPENKHM, TO OM, KAK Got TeMON eTpupyst cB0e npeBocxoucTBO H cH.Ay, neGpexno oTmxnpa (oTGpaceinan) 8 eropon oro HOMAAAM CTPe.tbI, KOTOPA XBOCTOM 14 GbITb OGpantenta Ha BocTOK, ETCTBNS. 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Llamanexan erpeaa € uso6parcennem Kuurkpl u ces3koit Kpacuas erpeaa-cumeoa aus. Ha kyabTopoe mpemwerbr mawanavint NoBeMMHBA.INCE pastieinEse perme Tor HecyMuMe cMBICAOBYIO HarpY3KY Ando neoBLIHUBIe, peako BeTpeYaEMBIE (paxosnia kaypi H Gponsonas Mera). Ha nakonedmmne m apenice mo6paaen Kuurknl (Bopo)- nowout- nui Toopua-Jlyxa 3enutra, On auner B neGecnoit erpane, oxo10 HoaapHott sneaant, [pxaeraer na 308 urawatta 1 Ho‘wKupaer GoaesHM, KAK MTHUA MOEA er HepaaKos (1B0paxen Ha peBKe). K aneay oxpanurestelt orHocsres epensiinnte ayneTst, 10Gpaaaro- f nopona m meanest. Bycumb- «eaoBe4ki, OHM H akepTBO- pnmomrenne n oxpamnrreant, Koraa npHxonr Gotesm, ora noparkaer ite manana, a «aectoneaony. Aepenannan , <«Yorcburypa-cropoa, samurrang. K zomenxe npunssanet wodpaxenns «yxa Mpakay, «yxay Inmetun Aaroa3y'iHx Yap MOCTAHEEIX Ha waMana ero Bparom. Ho WaMAaH NOTHIN HX ceGe, 1 Tenep» oN HeNOAHSIOT Bee ero npukasanns, Kamenb-nepsoe cosanme Tsopna. «iibipka 8 KaMHey ¢ Oxo CrOpOHEI OKO B MO! 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FINO, {akt0cs Gul, uapyinenve MHOFHN MpHARTHX a apXeoTOrNN NpHIUNTION, enMaKD, OTHOCHTEsEHO AaKOll KATEropH BeUTeBOTO MPA A enix Cowes paiuKabHoro cHOcoOa PeKONCTPYKUM, Ha HEM SEAS, Ket, H HOKA He UpeaAIETeA, B CLLY KATeFOpANHOCTH ITOH ‘opmysHpoRsit CroILI0 NloMpOGORATs PeKOHCTPYHPORATR CTPe:ly TAK, Kak OBBOLLRINT HETORNKH, BE OTAGIBNBIN CAYMARR, KOTTIA HE Guo HOF BHIXO, uMeeT MECTO H HAHIPOBHSAHAH asTOpA, CuNLAKO MPH TOM BERT YHMTHILIMCE GALAMETHUECKHE dhaxrOptl H Hee neoGxouMxe 3THOKyATYpHbLe cputnADKID, (A.B.EnracacKat, 2003), Yeaonex ymres, Ho ocranch erpeau, exeaHHINe CTO FYKANI, OCTILIA eo ETaTA, OCTAROEH ETO YRATeHHe, OCTAAHCH CHORHS Apryp u Busewi, eoropize npoounxivin Teay pekoucrpysuitt crpes. 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