You are on page 1of 459

1

!!
"#$#%&'(#%!)#*%+,-#$%!./01234!
5%*67#(8!./192:/00;3!
!
<=#>?%!
#=8&=%!!7+6#"76!#%(8+!
!
58(+?%!$7(7!8%%%&!
8%%%&+%(7+#*'$%(!
!
)%&68!"#"#67*!
)))'*7+('%("!
,-%=7+!7+!%.(7+!+?%!=8!7$8++%!"(76/#6%'!<+6/=8#!+8($(8!$%(!$%&67!
=%!<+67=%0!%/!(8*+%(0!=7!1%$#8=7=8!2/8!$7"7!#($%+6%+3!68&+%!7!
%.(#"7>?%!=8!(86(#./#(!7%!(8&%+!/(7!"%67!=%!2/8!8*7!(8!
$(%$%($#%&%/'4!
56*+%&!77+(!87($#7!./920:9::93!
!
58(+?%!$7(7!8%%%&!
8%%%&+%(7+#*'$%(!
!
!%$;*8-6!
#=8&=%!!7+6#"76!#%(8+!

2
!!

!"#$%&'
!!
<= <1<5-<>?@!A!0!
!"#$%&'()*+',)+-.)!
%B@8 <)B<!"@!<C-@ !A!/2!
!
"B!B@5D B@!)BE@1F)B!@4!A!!
<.(7?%!A!/0!
<*(7!A!99!
<(#G7=8!A!HH!
<(%(!A!HI!
<(%(!=(,$(#%!A!H;!
<(%(!1%$('6#$%!A!2:!
<&*%!A!22!
<&6(%$,-7"%+!A!2;!
<$#+!A!I9!
<$%$7*#$+8!A!I2!
<68/0!<68J+(%!A!I;!
%76#+(%!A!0/!
%8*%0!%8*8G7!A!0I!
%8(!.1/$(8(%3!A!00!
%8(!.-/=%!<+6'3!A!09!
!7=8#7!=%+!<$%&68$#(8&6%+!A!;;!
!7('68(!A!9H!
!768$#+(%!!+#&K+!A!91!
!768$#+(%!=%!77$%&K+!A!/91!

3
!768$#+(%!=%!='(%$%!A!/HI!
!8(6%0!!8(68G7!A!/2/!
!6/!=%+!<&6#"%+!.@3!A!/2I!
!+#&7!."73!A!/I/!
!#($/&$#+?%!A!/I1!
!%&L/*+M8+!A!/1H!
!%($%!A!/11!
!(#+6#7&#+(%!A!/0:!
!(J6#$7!A!9:/!
"8+6#&%!A!9:9!
"8/+!A!9/2!
<+$7*7!=%+!18(8+!A!99:!
<+67=%+0!8%L8(&%+!A!992!
<G82/#8*!."83!A!9H/!
)'./*7+!A!9H0!
)7*+#=7=8!=7+!5#(6/=8+!N/(7&7+!A!9H9!
)7&76#+(%!A!92/!
)#(0!!7/+7+!)#&7#+!A!92I!
)(7/=8!A!929!
)(%&68#(7+!=%!<+$J(#6%!N/(7&%!A!9I1!
8*,(#7!A!9I;!
8(7>7!A!91:!
8/8((7!A!912!
N#+6,(#7!=%+! 8#+!7/=8/+!8!=7(7*#$O(8&%+!A!90:!
P=%*%0!B=,*76(70!B=%*76(#7!A!90H!
B"/7*=7=8!A!99I!
B&-8(&%!A!H::!
B&/&=7>?%!A!H:I!
B((7$#%&7#+!A!H:;!
78-66!A!H/9!

4
7%+6!A!H/2!
E8#+!."7+3!A!H/9!
E8#+!!#L#+!8!<$*8+#'+6#$7+!A!H99!
E#.8(=7=8!."73!A!HH/!
E%/$/(7!A!HH;!
E/Q%!A!H29!
#766(#7!A!H21!
#7/!A!HI/!
#8++#7+!A!HI1!
#867(%(-%+80!#868($+#$%+8!A!H0/!
##*7"(8+!A!H0H!
#%#+6+!A!H;H!
='6(#7!A!H9:!
=8=(%!A!H9H!
=(8$%&$8#6%+!A!2:/!
8*#"#?%!A!2:1!
8++/((8#>?%!A!299!
17*%(?%!A!290!
18&+7>?%!A!2HH!
1%&+%+!A!2H1!
1/$8(+6#>?%!A!2H9!
-#(7&#7!A!229!
-%*8(R&$#7!A!222!
5#(6/=8!A!229!
5%67+!A!!

5
#$%$(")*$('
+$,(-.+$%(/'

0(,12$*&'

6
23*&-&"1245('
!"#$%&'()*+',)+-.)!
!!
5%*67#(8! ./192:/00;3! -%#! /(! =%+! (7#%(8+!
$8&+7=%(8+! =8! +8/! 68($%'! 18/! 8+6#*%0!
#&$%&-/&=JL8*0! 8+6'! $(8+8&68! 8(! 6%=%+! %+! +8/+!
(%(7&$8+0!$8>7+!6876(7#+0!6(7.7*+%+!+%.(8!-#*%+%-#7!
8!$#K&$#7+'!@!6(7>%!(7#+!(7($7&68!=8!+8/+!68Q6%+!
6!7!7"(8++#L#=7=8!#&68*#"8&680!(7&#-8+67!76(7L6+!=8!
$(J6#$7+!'$#=7+!8!=8!/(7!#(%&#7!"(7L80!"8(7*(8&68!
.8#(7&=%!%!+7($7+(%'!
5%*67#(80! $%(! +/(%(0! $7+6#"%/! (8#+0! &%.(8+0!
(#&#+6(%+0! (8*#"#M8+0! 68%(#7+! $#8&6J-#$7+! 8!
-#*%+,-#$7+'!58++8!7+$8$6%!,"#$#%&'(#%!-#*%+,-#$%4!60!
67*L8G0!%!6(7.7*+%!(7#+!+#"&#-#$76#L%'!5?%!$8(=%%/!
7/6%(#=7=8+0! $%+6/(8+0! $(8&>7+! %/! 68%(#7+3! 6!
=#-J$#*!*8(.(7(!7*"/(7!2/8!&?%!68&+7!+#=%!7*L%!=8!
+/7!L8(L8'!
1/7+! $(J6#$7+! $(%$/(7(! =8(%&+6(7(! 7+!
$%&6(7=#>M8+! 8(./6#=7+! &7+! $%&$8$>M8+! 2/8!
767$7'! S+! L8G8+! %! -7G! =8! -%((7! *8L8! 8! +/6#*0! $%(%!
&8+68! 7("/(8&6%0! 8(! 2/8! (#=#$/*7(#G7! 7! $8(68G7!
+/(7&7T!
,18!$8("/&6'++8#+!7!6%=%+!%+!+%(8&+!
7&68+!=8!!%$6(&#$%T!

7
A! @! +%*! *8L7&6%/:+8! +%*8U! @! +%*! +8!
$O+U!
A! -8(%+! 7.+%*/67! $8(68G7! A!
(8+$%&=8(:L%+:#7(!V!/(7!L%G'!
-#&+7(! $8(68G70! 8! &%! 8&67&6%!
8+67L7(!8((7=%+'4!
<(! %/6(%+! (%(8&6%+0! #&L8+68! $%(! (7#+!
+8L8(#=7=8T!
,=(868&=#7(! 7*"/&+! 8+$(#6%(8+!
8/(%$8/+! 2/8! &/&$7! +7L#7(! 8+67=%! &7!
!+#&7!2/8!%!"%L8(&%!=8!=82/#(!8(7!768/'!
W%*-! 8*%"#7(7! =82/#('! E%"%0! W%*-! 8(7!
768/'! #8*+%(8+! +#*%"#+(%+! &/&$7!
+%/.8(7(!-%(*7(!7!#&L8*7!8!%!,=#%'4!
5?%!(7(%!(8$%((8!V!+%+6#*#G7>?%!7.8(67T!
,<+! #&#(#6'L8#+! 6(7"6=#7+! =8! 7$#&8!
-%(7(! 6%=7+! $(#6#$7=7+0! 8! $8++#(7(8&68T!
$%(2/8! 7+! $(#6#$7(7(! (#L7#+'! !8(6%0! %+!
7(6#+67+! +?%! */#G8+! =8! 7(68! $%($868&68+0!
$%(6(! 2/7+8! +8($(8! *+8+! -7*67!
#&68"(#=7=8'4!
!+8"7!7!7$8*7(!$7(7!7!$#*+6(#7T!
,<++#+6#7!8/!$8(67!L8G!V!(8$(8+8&67>?%!
=8! /(7! 6(7"6=#7! 8(! $%($7&+#7! =8! /(!
-#*,+%-%'!

8
A!!%(%!6!.8*%X!A!=#G#7!8*8'!
A!Y/8!L#/!%!+('!=8!.8*%U!
A!@!7/6%(!76#&"#/!+8/!-#('!
5%! =#7! +8"/#&68! 8*8! 6%(%/! /(!
$/("7&68!2/8!*+8!-8G!8-8#6%'!
A! @! $/("7&68! 76#&"#/! +8/! -#(! A!
=#++8:*+8! 8/'! <#+! /(! .8*%! $/("7&68'! <*8!
$%($(88&=8/! &?%! +8! $%=8(! =#G8(! 2/8! /(!
$/("7&68! +8*7! .8*%0! 8! 2/8! $7(7! $+7(7(!
.8*%! 7! 7*"/(7! $%#+7! 6! $(8$#+%! 2/8! &%+!
$7/+8! 7=(#(7>?%! 8! $(7G8('! !%&L8#%! 8(!
2/8! 7! 6(7"6=#7! *+8! #&+$#(7(7! 8+67+! =/7+!
8(%>M8+0!8!2/8!&#++%!8+67L7!%!6%!&7*%&0!%!
.8*%'4!
<(! %/6(%+! $7+%+! %! $+#+68! $+8"7! 7! +8(!
$%((%+#L%T!
,%8&! 7*! %86#-0! =#"&%! $+8-8! =%+! =8(LJ+0!
=#++8:*+8+! /(! =#7T! ,#8/+! #((?%+0! (/#6%!
$%&L8&#8&68! 6! 2/8! /+8#+! $%(! 6%=7!
-(82ZK&$#7!8+67!-,((/*7!+7"(7=7!=%!&%++%!
<*$%(?%T! <(! &%(8! =8! "8/+! (/#!
(#+8(#$%(=#%+%0! $%#+! "8/+! /+7! =8!
(#+8(#$,(=#7! 8! L,+! 7$(8&=8(8#+! 7! $(76#$':
*7! $%(! (8$86#(! -(82Z8&68(8&68! %+! 68((%+!
2/8!(8$%(8&=7(!/(7!L#(6/=8!+8(!7!2/7*!
$%/$%+! +%(8&+! (8+67(#7(! +%.(8! 7! 68((7'!

9
#7+0! (8/+! #((?%+0! 7.+68&=8:L%+! =8!
#(#67(!8++8+!68(8('(#%+!2/8!7!6%=%!6(7&+8!
+8! *7$67(! =8! 6(7.7*+7(! $8*7! "*,(#7! =8!
"8/+'!18!/(!*%L8(!#(.8$#*!+/+68&67!/(7!
68+8! +%.(8! 7+! $768"%(#7+0! 68+8! $(8+#=#=7!
$%(! /(! #"&%(7&68! 8&$7+7$7=%0! &?%! =8#Q7!
=8! 8+$(8L8(! 8(! "(%++%+! $7(7$68(8+! &%!
$7.8>7*+%! =8! +/7! 68+8T! <&! <**7+! 7.(%&!
=%Q7T! 7=! (7*%(8(! "8#! "*%(#7('! C(! .%(!
(/>/*(7&%! -8G! $#&67(! %! +8/! +7*?%!
"(7L7&=%! 8(! +/7! $%(67! 8++7! 6%*#$83! /(!
+7$7! $7((8"7! '"/7! $7(7! (7#%(! "*,(#7! =8!
"8/+'! [! /(! $%+6/(8! J($#%0!
$#8=%+7(8&68! $%+6%! 8(! /+%'! Y/8! =#(J8#+!
=8! /(! $82/8&%! 6$+7/$+! 2/8! 7%! *#($7(! 7!
$(#L7=7! =%! &%++%! #*/+6(8! +/*6?%! "(#67++8T!
,=7(7! (7#%(! "*,(#7! =%! &%++%! #&L8&$JL8*!
(%&7($74U! N'! $8(67(8&68! (7#%(!
=#+6R&$#7!=%!+/*6?%!7!"8/+!2/8!=%!+/*6?%!
7%!$82/8&%!6$+7/$+'4!
5%*67#(8! &?%! +#($76#G7L7! $%(! (8&>M8+! 7!
(#*7"(8+!8!(8$(%L7L7T!
,18"/&=%! 7! 8&8("#7! =%! 68((%0! /(!
(#*7"(8! 6! /(7! $%#+7! 7=(#('L8*'! 58++8!
$7+%0! 6/=%! 6! (#*7"(8'! <! %(=8(! $(%=#"#%+7!
=7!&76/(8G70!7!(%67>?%!=8!$8(!(#*+M8+!=8!
"*%.%+! 7%! (8=%(! =8! /(! (#*+?%! =8! +,#+0! 7!
76#L#=7=8! =7! */G0! 7! L#=7! =%+! 7&#(7#+0!
$%&+6#6/8(!$8($66/%+!(#*7"(8+'!

10
18"/&=%!7+!#=6#7+!7$8#67+0!$+7(7(%+!
(#*7"(8! V! L#%*7>?%! =8++7+! *8#+! =#L#&7+! 8!
868(&7+'! <++#(0! 2/7&=%! +%/L8(! /(!
8$*#$+8! =%! 1%*! =/(7&68! 7! E/7! $+8#70!
2/7&=%! /(! (%(6%! -#G8(! 7! $6! =/7+! *6"/7+!
=8!$7(#&+%!*8L7&=%!7!$7.8>7!=8!.7#Q%!=%!
.(7>%0! #+6%! 2/8(! =#G8(! 2/8! +/$8=8/! /(!
(#*7"(8'4!
@!68(7!=7!(8++/((8#>?%!67($%/$%!%!7&#(7L70!
=#+$7(7L7!$%(!$(8$#+?%T!
,87.7(:+8:*+8+!7+!$#(R(#=8+'!#7+!7+!
$#(R(#=8+! +?%! (%&/(8&6%+! =8! /(! $%L%!
=8! 8+$(7L%+'! )%#! $(8$#+%! $O(! =8! .7#Q%! =8!
$7&"7! 6%=7! /(7! &7>?%0! +8(! %! 2/8! 8++7+!
L#+! (7++7+! &?%! 68(#7(! +#=%! *8L7&67=7+'!
Y/8! -#&7*#=7=8! 6#&+7(U! !%&+8(L7(! 8(!
/(7!$82/8&7!$R(7(7!7!(\(#7!=8!7*"/(!
$(J&$#$80! =8! 7*"/(! "%L8(&7=%(0! =8! /(!
#&68&=8&68! 2/7*2/8(0! $%(2/8! 7%! $7.%! =8!
(#*!7&%+!+/7!7*(7!=8L#7!(87&#(':*7'!#7+!
+8! 8+$8(7L7(! 7! (8++/((8#>?%! =%+! $%($%+0!
$%(!2/8!*+8+!8Q6(7#7(!%+!(#%*%+!7&68+!=8!
8(.7*+7(':*%+U! 18('! 2/8! %+! 8"J$$#%+!
=8L#7(!(8++/+$#67(!+8(!$6(8.(%U4!
B&$%(%=7L7:%! 7! #=%*76(#70! $%(! $(8+68G7!
=8&/&$#7L7T!
,<+$(8L8(7(:+8! L%*/(8+! #(8&+%+0!
=8.#67(7(:+8! +8&6#(8&6%+! =#L8(+%+! +%.(8!

11
7!%(#"8(!=8++8!$/*6%!(8&=#=%!7!"8/+!%/!7!
L'(#%+! =8/+8+! +%.! -#"/(7+! +8&+JL8#+T! 8+67!
(/*6#6/=8! =8! *#L(%+! 8! =8! %$#&#M8+! &?%!
768+67! +8&?%! #"&%(R&$#7'! 5?%! +8! +7.8!
2/8(! #&L8&6%/! 7+! L8+68+! 8! %+! $7*>7=%+! 8!
2/8(:+8!+7.8(!2/8(!$(#(8#(%!#&L8&6%/!%+!
J=%*%+U4!
!%&6(7! 7+! $(J6#$7+0! 5%*67#(8! =8L%*L#7! %/6(7+0!
(/#67+!L8G8+!8(!=8-8+7!=%!$(#6#$7=%T!
,"#G8(! 7*"/&+! 68,*%"%+! 2/8! %! =#L#&%!
#($8(7=%(!<&6%&#&%!&?%!8(7!L#(6/%+%3!2/8!
8(7! /(! 8+6,#$%! 68&>%8#(%! 2/80! &?%!
$%&68&68! =8! "%L8(&7(! %+! +%(8&+0! 7#&=7!
2/8(#7! +8(! 8+6#(7=%! $%(! 8*8+3! 2/8! -7G#7!
(8L8(68(8(! 7! +#! $(,$(#%! %+! .8&8-J$#%+! 2/8!
-7G#7! 7%! "K&8(%! +/(7&%3! 2/8! -%#! 6%=7! 7!
+/7!L#=7!*/+6%0!6(7.7*+7=%(0!.8&-8#6%(!$%(!
+#($*8+! L7#=7=80! 8! 2/8! 7$8&7+! 8&"7&%/!
%+!+%(8&+!$%(!7!+/7!L#(6/=83!&8+68!$7+%!
8Q$*7(7(8#T! ]#8/! "8/+0! =7#:&%+! 7! .7+6%!
L8*+7$%+!=8+67!*7#7X^4!
@/6(%!8Q8($*%!+/"8+6#L%T!
,C(!(8&=#"%!=%+!7((8=%(8+!=8!#7=(#!
8+(%*7L7! &%.(8(8&68'! "#++8:*+8! /(!
6(7&+8/&68T!

12
A! @! +('! &?%! 68(! L8("%&+7! =8! +8!
=8=#$7(! 7! (#+68(! 6?%! #&-7(80! 2/7&=%!
$%=#7!6(7.7*+7(U!
A!18&+%(0!A!(8+$%&=8/!%!$8=#&68!A!
8+6%/! *+8! $8=#&=%! =#&+8#(%! 8! &?%!
$%&+8*+%+'!
<! $%(! 6%=7! 7! =#"&#=7=8! $7+68*+7&7!
L#(%/:*+8! 7+! $%+67+'! <(7! /(! (8&=#"%!
+%.8(.%'! C(! &7=7! *+8! -8(#7! 7! L7#=7=8'!
=8=#7! 8+(%*7! $%(! 7(%(! =8! +#! (8+(%0! 8!
$%(! 7(%(! =8! +#! (8+(%! &?%! +/$%(67L7!
(8$(#(8&=7+'4!
<++8! 8(7! %! "8&#7*! 5%*67#(8'! <! *8#6/(7! =8! +/7+!
%.(7+! &%+! -7G! (8=#67(! (8*+%(! +%.(8! &%++%+!
$8&+7(8&6%+! 8! 7! -%((7! $%(%! %+! $%(/&#$7(%+'!
=%=8(%+! &?%! (#(! =8! +/7+! -(7+8+0! (7+! /(! +%((#+%!
=#+$(86%!8!+7*/67(!6!#&8L#6'L8*'!

13
6$(7*2+$2'#('281(*'
!!

!!
) <5>@B1:#< B<! < @C<-0! -#*+%! =8! /(!
&%6'(#%! =%! !+R68*860! &7+$8/! 8(! =7(#+0! 8(! 9/! =8!
&%L8(.(%!=8!/192'!"8$%#+!=8!/(!$/(+%!.(#*+7&68!
&/(!$%*6"#%!=8!*8+/J67+0!$(868&=8&=%!=8=#$7(:+8!V!
(7"#+6(76/(70! $O+:+8! 7%! +8(L#>%! =8! /(!
$(%$/(7=%('! #7#+! 67(=80! $76(%$#&7=%! $8*7!
+%$#8=7=8! =%! -8($*%! 8! 8(! $7(6#$/*7(! $%(!
!+7/*#8/! 8! $8*%! (7(2/K+! =8! *7! )7(80! $/.*#$%/!
+8/+!$(#(8#(%+!L8(+%+'!<(!/0/00!7$/+7=%!=8!+8(!%!
7/6%(! =8! /(! $7&-*86%! $%*J6#$%0! -%#! $(8+%! 8!
8&$7($8(7=%!&7!%7+6#*+70!=8!%&=8!+7#/!+8#+!(8+8+!
=8$%#+0!$%(!7!N8&(#7=8!2/7+8!68((#&7=7!8!$%(!%!
8+.%>%! =%! _=#$8'! )%#! $%(! 8++7! %$7+#?%! 2/8! 8*8!
(8+%*L8/! 7=%67(! %! &%(8! =8! 5%*67#(8'!1/7!6(7"6=#7!
_=#$8! -%#! (8$(8+8&67=7! 8(! /0/9! $%(! "(7&=8!
KQ#6%3! &%+! 7&%+! +8"/#&68+0! L#8(7(T! <(68(#+8!
./09:30!#7(#7&&8!./09I3!8!%!B&=#+$(86!./09I3'!
<(! /0910! 8(! $%&+82ZK&$#7! =8! /(! #&$#=8&68!
$%(! %! $7L7*8#(%! =8! %+7&0! -%#! &%L7(8&68!

14
(8$%*+#=%! V! %7+6#*+70! =8! %&=8! +,! $%=8! +7#(! +%.! 7!
$%&=#>?%! =8! =8#Q7(! 7! )(7&>7'! )%#! 8&6?%! $7(7! 7!
B&"*768((7! 8! 7J! +8! =8=#$%/! 7%! 8+6/=%! =7! *J&"/7! 8!
=7! *#68(76/(7! #&"*8+7+'! -(K+! 7&%+! (7#+! 67(=80!
(8"(8++%/! 8! $/.*#$%/! %(/6/+! ./0H:30! <(#$+;*8!
./0H930! `7a(8! ./0H930! E7! #%(6! =8! !6+7(! ./0HH3! 8!
<=6*7a=8! "/"/8+$*#&! ./0H23'! "767(! =7! (8+(7!
6$%$7! +/7+! E866(8+! =+#*%+%$+#2/8+! %/! E866(8+!
<&"*7#+8+0! 2/8! $(%L%$7(7(! "(7&=8! 8+$R&=7*%! 8!
%.(#"7(7(!7!(8-/"#7(:+8!8(!E%(8&70!&%!$7+68*%!=8!
#7=7(8! =/! !+R68*860! 8(! $/*7! $%($7&+#7! L#L8/!
766!/029'!<J!+8!8&6(8"%/!7%!8+6/=%!=7+!$#K&$#7+!8!
8+$(8L8/!%+!<*6(8&6+!=8!*8!=+#*%+%$+#8!=8!58)6%&!
./0H;30! 7*6(! =8! <*G#(80! E^<&-7&6! =(%=#"/80!
#7+%(860!#6(%$80!"#+$%/(+!+/(!*^N%((80!86$'!
<(! /0290! 7$,+! 7! (%(68! =8! #7=7(8! =/!
!+R68*860!L%*6%/!7!=7(#+0!*'!8&6?%!$+8#%!=8!"*,(#7!8!
$%&+8$#=%! 8(! 6%=7! 7! </(%$70! 8! -%#! $7(7! %8(*#(0!
%&=8! *'! 8+6#L8(7! 7*"/&+! 7&%+! 7&68+! $%(%!
=#$*%(767'! )(8=8(#$%! BB! $%&-8(#/:*+8! +%&(7+!
8Q$8$$#%&7#+! 8! =8/:*+8! /(7! $8&+?%! =8! 9:':::!
-(7&$%+0! 7$(8+$8&=%:*+8! 7++#(! 7! -%(6/&7! *'!
$%&+#=8('L8*'! <++7! 7(#G7=80! $%(6(0! &?%! =/(%/!
(/#6%T! 7+! #&6(#"7+! 8! %+! $#\(8+! 8(! 6%(&%! =%+!
8+$(#6%+!=8!5%*67#(8!%.(#"7(7(:&%!7!=8#Q7(!%8(*#(!
8(!/0IH'!
18(! $%=8(! -#Q7(:+8! 8(! $7(68! 7*"/(70! 8+68L8!
+/$8++#L7(8&68! 8(! <+6(7+./("%0! !%*(7(0! E;%&0!
88&8.(70! 57&6/73! 8(! /0I;0! 7=2/#(#/! %! =%(J&#%!

15
=8! )8(&8;0! &7! $(%LJ&$#7! =8! 88Q! 8! 7J! $7++%/0!
8&6?%0! 7! (8+#=#(! 8(! $%($7&+#7! =8! +/7! +%.(#&+7!
#7=7(8! "8&#+'! )%#! =/(7&68! %+! L#&68! 7&%+! 2/8!
7++#(! L#L8/0! $+8#%! =8! "*,(#7! 8! =8! 7(#"%+0! 2/8!
(8=#"#/!!7&=#=80!N#+6%#(8!=8!*7! /++#8!+%/+!=#8((8!
*8! 8(7&=0! N#+6%#(8! =/! =7(*8(8&6! =8! =7(#+0! 86$'0!
+8(!$%&67(!&/(8(%+7+!$8>7+!6876(7#+'!
<(! /00;0! 8(! +/7! L#7"8(! 7! =7(#+0! -%#!
8&6/+#7+6#$7(8&68!(8$8.#=%'!#%((8/!&%!=#7!H:!=8!
(7(>%!=8++8!(8+(%!7&%0!7%+!;2!7&%+!=8!#=7=8'!

16
#$%$(")*$('
+$,(-.+$%(/'

!"#$%&'('

26*25('

<.(7?%! 6! /(! =8++8+! &%(8+! $6*8.(8+! &7! D+#7!


#8&%(!8!&7!<('.#70!$%(%!-%6!8&6(8!%+!8"J$$#%+0!%!
$(#(8#(%!`%(%7+6(%!&7!=6(+#70!N6($/*8+!&7!8(6$#70!
@(-8/!&7!-('$#70!@=#&!&7+!&7>M8+!+868&6(#%&7#+!8!
67&6%+! %/6(%+! (7#+! $%&+8$#=%+! $%(! +/7!
$8*8.(#=7=8! =%! 2/8! $%(! /(7! +#+6,(#7! .8(!
$%($(%L7=7'! 5?%! -7*%! 72/#! +8&?%! =7! +#+6,(#7!
$(%-7&70! $%#+! 2/7&6%! V! =%+! */=8/+0! &%++%+!
(8+6(8+! 8! &%++%+! #&#(#"%+0! 8(! 2/8(! $(8(%+! 8!
2/8!=868+67(%+0!68&=%!+#=%!7!+#+6,(#7!=8++8!$%L%!
L#+#L8*(8&68! 8+$(#67! $8*%! $(,$(#%! <+$J(#6%! 17&6%0!
68(%+! $%(! 8*7! %+! +8&6#(8&6%+! 2/8! =8L8(%+! 68('!
"#(#*%:(8! 7$8&7+! 7%+! '(7.8+3! 2/8! +8! "7.7(! =8!
=8+$8&=8(! =8! <.(7?%! $%(! B+(78*3! 2/8! 7$(8=#67(!
68(!+#=%!8++8!$76(#7($7!%!-/&=7=%(!=8!#8$70!%&=8!
68(#7! (%((#=%'! @! -76%! 6! 2/8! 7! (7>7! =8! B+(78*! -%#!
#&-#&#67(8&68! (7#+! -7L%(8$#=7! $%(! "8/+! =%! 2/8! 7!
(7>7!=8!77$,'!C(7!8!%/6(70!6!L8(=7=80!$(%=/G#(7(!

17
*7=(M8+'! #7+! %+! *7=(M8+! '(7.8+! -%(7(!
#&$%($7(7L8*(8&68! +/$8(#%(8+! 7%+! *7=(M8+!
*/=7#$%+'! @+! =8+$8&=8&68+! =8! 77$,! &?%!
$%&2/#+67(7(! (7#+! 2/8! /(7! -7#Q7! =8! 68((7!
#&+#"&#-#$7&680!2/8!$8(=8(7('!@+!=8+$8&=8&68+!=8!
B+(78*!7L7++7*7(7(!$7(68!=7!D+#70!$7(68!=7!D-(#$7!
8! $7(68! =7! </(%$70! 8=#-#$7(7(! /(! #($6(#%! (7#+!
L7+6%!2/8!%!#($6(#%!=%+!(%(7&%+!8!8&Q%67(7(!%+!
*/=8/+!=8!+/7+!$7L8(&7+!A!2/8!8+68+!$+7(7L7(!
68((7!=7!$(%(#++?%'!
%8(! =#-J$#*! +8(#70! V! */G! =7! +#+6,(#7! (%=8(&70!
68(!+#=%!<.(7?%!$7#!=8!=/7+!&7>M8+!6?%!=#-8(8&68+'!
"#G8(! 2/8! &7+$8/! &7! !7*=6#70! -#*+%! =8! $%.(8!
%*8#(%! 2/8! "7&+7L7! 7! L#=7! -7G8&=%! $82/8&%+!
J=%*%+!=8!.7((%'![!$%/$%!L8(%++J(#*!2/8!8++8!-#*+%!
=8! %*8#(%! +8! +7*7! 7.7*7&>7=%! 7! #(! -/&=7(! #8$7! 7!
6(8G8&67+!*6"/7+!=8!=#+6R&$#70!=8!.7#Q%!=%!6(,$#$%0!
68&=%!=8!L#&"7(!=8+8(6%+!#&6(7&+#6'L8#+'!18!-%#!/(!
$%&2/#+67=%(0!$8(67(8&68!68(:+8:'!=#(#"#=%!7%!.8*%!
$7#+! =7! <++J(#7'! 180! $%(%! %! =8+$#&67(0! &?%!
$7++%/! =8! /(! $%.(8! =#7.%0! 8&6?%! &?%! 68('!
-/&=7=%!(8#&%+!+8&?%!&7!$(,$(#7!68((7!!
8G7! %! 8K&8+#+! 2/8! 6#&+7! <.(7?%! +868&67! 8!
$#&$%! 7&%+! 7%! 8(#"(7(! =%! $7J+! =8! N7(?0! 7$,+! 7!
(%(68! =8! +8/! $7#! -7(8/! %! %*8#(%'! @! (8+(%!
8K&8+#+0! $%(6(0! =#G! 2/8! -7(8/0! 68&=%! "8(7=%!
<.(7?%! 7%+! +868&67! 7&%+0! L#L8/! 766! 7! #=7=8! =8!
=/G8&6%+! 8! $#&$%! 7&%+0! 8! 2/8! <.(7?%! +,! +7#/! =8!
N7(?! =8$%#+! =7! (%(68! =%! $7#'! =%(67&6%! 6! $*7(%0!

18
+8"/&=%! %! $(,$(#%! 8K&8+#+0! 2/8! <.(7?%! $%&67L7!
$8&6%! 8! 6(#&67! 8! $#&$%! 7&%+! 2/7&=%! =8#Q%/! 7!
#8+%$%6R(#7'! 17#/! =8! /(! $7#+! #=,*76(7! $7(7!
%/6(%! $7J+! #=,*76(7T! 1#2/K(0! &7! =7*8+6#&7'! =%(!
2/8U! =%(! 2/8! =8#Q%/! 7+! -6(68#+! (7("8&+! =%!
</-(768+! $%(! 68((7+! 6?%! (8(%67+0! 8+66(8#+! 8!
$8=(8"%+7+U! <! *J&"/7! $7*=7#$7! =8L#7! +8(! (/#6%!
=#-8(8&68!=7!*J&"/7!=8!1#2/K('!5?%!+8!6(767L7!=8!
*/"7(! =8!$%(6($#%'!1#2/K(!=#+67!=7!!7*=6#7!(7#+!
=8! $8(! *6"/7+'! [! $(8$#+%! 6(7&+$%(! =8+8(6%+! $7(7!
*'!$+8"7('!#7+!"8/+!2/8(#7!2/8!<.(7?%!(87*#G7++8!
8++7! L#7"8('! Y/8(#7! (%+6(7(:*+8! 7! 68((7! 2/8!
+6$/*%+! =8$%#+! +7L#7(! =8! +7.#67(! +8/+! $,+68(%+'!
!/+67! 7%! 8+$J(#6%! +/(7&%! $%($(88&=8(! %+!
(%6#L%+!=8!67*!$8(8"(#&7>?%'!
#7*!7((#.7!7%!(%&67&+%+%!(#&$?%!=8!1#2/K(0!
%.(#"7:%! 7! -%(8! 7! 7.7&=%&':*%'! 57#! $7(7! %! <"#6%!
8(!$%($7&+#7!=8!+/7!(/*+8(0!V!$(%$/(7!=8!$%(!
2/8!L#L8('!"/G8&67+!*6"/7+!(8=8#7(!=8!1#2/K(!8!
#8&-#+'! 18('! &76/(7*! #(! ./+$7(! 6(#"%! 6?%! *%&"8U!
5/(! $7J+! =8! 2/8! &8(! +8! +7.8! 7! *J&"/7U!
<+6(7&+7+! L#7"8&+! 8($(88&=#=7+! V! #=7=8! =8!
2/7+8!$8&6%!8!2/7(8&67!7&%+'!
-(7G! 7! #8&-#+! +/7! (/*+8(! 17(7'! 17(7! 8(7!
8Q6(8(7(8&68! *%L8(! 8(! $%($7(7>?%! $%(! 8*80!
$%#+!&?%!$%&67L7!(7#+!2/8!+8++8&67!8!$#&$%!7&%+'!
!%(%! -%++8! (/#6%! .%&#670! <.(7?%! (8+%*L8/! 6#(7(!
$(%L8#6%! =8! +/7! .8*8G7'! ,)7>7(%+! =8! $%&67! 2/8!
L%$K!6!(#&+7!#((?04!A!=#++8:*+8!A!,7!-#(!=8!2/8!

19
(8! 7$%*+7(! $%(! .8&8L%*K&$#74'! ,)7>7(%+! =8!
$%&67! 2/8! 6! (#&+7! -#*+74! A! =8L#7! =#G8('! @! (8#!
8&7(%(7:+8! =7! *%L8(! 17(7! 8! $(8+8&68#7! %!
$(868&+%!#((?%!$%(!(/#67+!%L8*+7+0!.%#+0!./((%+0!
(/*7+0! $7(8*%+! 8! +8(L%+'! @! 2/8! $(%L7! A! 2/8! *'!
8&6?%! 8(7! %! <"#6%! /(! (8#&%! $%=8(%+%! 8! $#L#*#G7=%!
A! $%(! $%&+8"/#&68! 7&6#"%! A! 8! 2/8! +8!
(8$%($8&+7L7(! (7"&#-#$7(8&68! %+! #((?%+! 2/8!
L#&+7(!%-8(8$8(!7+!#((?+!7%+!(8#+!=8!#8&-#+'!
-#&+7!7!*%L8(!17(7!&%L8&67!7&%+0!+8"/&=%!7!
<+$(#6/(70! 2/7&=%! "8/+! *+8! $(%(868/! 2/8!
<.(7?%0! 2/8! 8&6?%! 6#&+7! $8&6%! 8! +8++8&670! *+8!
=7(#7!/(!-#*+%'!
<.(7?%0! 2/8! "%+67L7! =8! L#"#7(0! 6%(%/! %!
$7(#&+%! =%! +,((#=%! =8+8(6%! =8! !7=8+0!
7$%($7&+7=%!=7!(/*+8(!"('L#=70!+8($(8!*%L8(!8!
.%&#67'! !%(%! 7$%&68$8(7! $%(! %! (8#! 8"J$$#%0!
8&7(%(%/:+8! 67(.6(! =8! 17(7! /(! (8#! =%! =8+8(6%!
A!@!$7#!=%+!$(8&68+!$(8"%/!7!(8+(7!(8&6#(7!2/8!
&%! <"#6%T! -8G! $7++7(! 7! 8+$%+7! $%(! #((?'! @! 2/8!
(7#+! /(7! L8G! *+8! L7*8/! %L8*+7+0! .%#+! 8! +8(L%+'!
=%=8:+8! =#G8(! 2/80! "(7>7+! 7! +/7! (/*+8(0! <.(7?%!
+8!6%(&%/!(#2/J++#(%'!
@+! $%(8&67(#+67+! 8+$(8L8(7(! /(! &\(8(%!
$(%=#"#%+%! =8! L%*/(8+! $7(7! */+6#-#$7(! %!
$(%$8=#(8&6%! =8! <.(7?%! 8! $%&$#*#7(! 7! $(%&%*%"#7'!
!/($(8:(80! $%#+0! 7! 8*8+! (8(868(! %! *8#6%('! 1?%!
6%=%+! 8+$J(#6%+! -#&%+! 8! +/6#+0! 8Q$8*8&68+!

20
(867-J+#$%+0! +8&+%(8+! +8(! $(8$%&$8#6%! 8!
$(%-/&=7(8&68!7L8++%+!V!$8=7&68(#7'!

21
2,92'

18(#7! (7(7L#*+%+%! L8(! 7! $(,$(#7! 7*(7'!


!%&+8$8:68!7!6#!(8+(%./3!6!8Q$8*8&68!$(8$8#6%0!(7+!
+,! 7! "8/+! 6! =7=%! $O:*%! 8(! $('6#$7'! Y/8(! (7#+!
$%=8!$%&+8$8(!7!$(,$(#7!8++K&$#7U!
<*(7!$+7(7(%+!7%!2/8!7&#(7'![!6/=%!%!2/8!
=8*7!+7.8(%+T!7!#&68*#"K&$#7!+/(7&7!68(!*#(#68+'!
-(K+! 2/7(6%+! =%! "K&8(%! +/(7&%! &?%! L?%! 7*K(0!
&8(! +8! $(8%$/$7(! $%(! %! +8(! $8&+7&68'! @! %/6(%!
2/7(6%! #&=7"7'! 5#&"/6(! %.68L8! &8(! %.68('!
(8+$%+67'!
=%.(8! -#*,+%-%X! 5K+! /(7! $*7&67! 2/8! L8"8670! 8!
=#G8+!L8"867>?%0!%/!7*(7!L8"8676#L7'!5%67+!2/8!%+!
$%($%+! 6K(! 8! $%(/&#$7(! (%L#(8&6%0! 8! =#G8+!
-%(>7'! 5K+! 68/! $?%! =8! $7>7! 7$(8&=8(! $%&6#"%! 68/!
%-J$#%0!8!$(#7+!#&+6#&6%0!7*(7!+8&+#6#L7'!-8&+!#=6#7+!
$%(.#&7=7+0!8!=#G8+!8+$J(#6%'!
#7+! 2/8! 8&68&=8+! 6/! $%(! 8+67+! $7*7L(7+U!
<2/8*7! -*%(! L8"867'! <Q#+6#('! $%(6(! /(! +8(!
(768(#7*!A!L8"867>?%U!<2/8*8!$%($%!#($8*8!%/6(%'!
=%(6(! 8&$8((7! 8*8! 8(! +#! /(! 8&68! =#+6#&6%! A!
-%(>7U! <2/8*8! $?%! 6(7G:68! /(7! $8(=#G'! <Q#+6#('!
$%(6(!/(!+8(!$+7(7=%!#&+6#&6%U!5?%!68!(#(#7+!=8!
/(! (7$#%$#&7=%(! .68(#7! +#=%! $(8$8$6%(! =8!
<*8Q7&=(83! 2/8! 68! =#++8++8! -%=%+! %+! 7&#(7#+!
L#L8(3!*%"%0!8&$8((7(!/(7!-%((7!+/.+67&$#7*!A!7!
L#=7U!
22
18! /(7! 6/*#$7! $/=8++8! -7*7(! 8! =#++8++8T!
##&+7! L8"867>?%! 8! 8/! +%(%+! =%#+! +8(8+! */&6%+!
-%((7&=%!/(!+,0!&?%!68!(#(#7+!=7!6/*#$7U!
58*7(%+!$(#(8#(%!%!2/8!+7.8+0!8!=%!2/8!8+6'+!
$8(6%'!Y/8!7&=7+!$%(!%+!$6+'!Y/8!=#"8(8+!$%(!%!
8+6O(7"%'! Y/8! +8&68+! $%(! 6%=%! %! $%($%'! Y/8!
$8&+7+!$%(!7!$7.8>7'!
=%#+! .8('! =%=8! 7! 6/7! (7G?%! +,! $%(! +,! =7(:68!
*/G8+!+/-#$#8&68+!$7(7!$%&$*/J(8+0!+8(!/(!(8$/(+%!
+%.(8&76/(7*0!2/8!68&+!/(7!7*(7U!
@+! $(#(8#(%+! -#*,+%-%+0! 2/8(! $7*=8/+0! 2/8(!
8"J$$#%+0! =#++8(7(T! )%(>%+%! 6! +7L8(! 8(! &,+! 7*"%!
2/8! $(%=/G7! %! $8&+7(8&6%3! 8++8! 7*"%! =8L8! +8(!
8Q6(8(7(8&68! +/6#*T! +%$(%0! -%"%0! 668(0! +/.+6(76%0!
/(! 6K&/8! +#(/*7$(%0! /(7! 8&68*62/#70! /(!
&\(8(%0! /(7! +7((%&#7'! )#&7*(8&680! +8"/&=%! %!
=#L#&%! =*76?%0! 6! /(! $%($%+6%! =%! (8+(%! 8! =%!
%/6(%'! 1?%! '6%(%+! 2/8! $8&+7(! 8(! &,+0! =#++8!
<$#$/(%! =8$%#+! =8! "8(,$(#6%'! #7+0! (8/! 7(#"%0!
$%(%! $8&+7! %! '6%(%U! !%&-8++7! 2/8! &8(! %!
#(7"#&7+'!
<$8#67:+8! +8*7! 7! 7*(7! /(! +8(! #(768(#7*'! #7+!
L,+!&?%!$%&$8.8#+!%!2/8!+8*7!8++8!8&68!#(768(#7*'!
A! 5?%0! A! (8+$%&=8(! %+! +'.#%+! A! $%(6(!
$%&+8$8(%+!+/7!&76/(8G7T!$8&+7('!
A!!%(%!%!+7.8#+U!

23
A!=%(2/8!8*7!$8&+7'!
A! @+! +'.#%+X! #/#6%! (8$8#%! 2/8! +8*7#+! 6?%!
#"&%(7&68+! 2/7&6%! <$#$/(%'! <! &76/(8G7! =8! /(7!
$8=(7! 6! $7#(! $%(2/8! 8*7! $7#'! =8("/&6%:L%+T! 2/8! 7!
-7G!$7#(U!
A!17.8(%+!2/8!/(7!$8=(7!&?%!68(!7*(7'!
A!"8!7$%(=%'!
A! 17.8(%+! 2/8! /(7! &8"7>?%0! /(7!
7-#((7>?%! &?%! +?%! =#L#+JL8#+0! &?%! +?%! $7(68+! =7!
(766(#7'!
A! "7! (8+(7! %$#&#?%'! #7+! 7! (766(#70! 2/8!
7*#'+! =8+$%&+8$8(%+0! 68(! 2/7*#=7=8+! &?%!
(768(#7#+0! &?%! =#L#+JL8#+'! =%++/#! "(7L#67>?%! $7(7!
/(! $8&6(%0! 2/8! "8/+! *+8! =8/'! <++7! "(7L#67>?%!
&?%! 6! -%((7=7! =8! $7(68+0! &?%! 6! =#L#+JL8*'! <! -%(>7!
(%6(#G!=%+!$%($%+!&?%!6!8&68!$%($%+6%!=8!$7(68+'!
<! L8"867>?%! =%+! $%($%+! %("7&#G7=%+0! +/7! L#=70!
+8/! #&+6#&6%0! &?%! +?%! +8(8+! V! $7(680! +8(8+!
=#L#+JL8#+'!5?%!$%=8#+!$%(67(!8(!=/7+!7!L8"867>?%!
=8! /(7! (%+70! 7! L#=7! =8! /(! $7L7*%0! %! #&+6#&6%! =8!
/(!$?%0!=7!(8+(7!-%((7!$%(%!&?%!$%=8#+!$#&=#(!
8(! =/7+! /(7! +8&+7>?%0! /(7! &8"7>?%0! /(7!
7-#((7>?%'! =%(67&6%! L%++%! "(7&=8! 7("/(8&6%!
#&-8(#=%! =7! #&=#L#+#.#*#=7=8! =%! $8&+7(8&6%! 7.+%:
*/67(8&68!&7=7!$(%L7'!

24
Y/8! $+7(7#+! 8&6?%! L%++7! 7*(7U! Y/8! #=6#7!
68&=8+!=8*7U!=%(!L,+!(8+(%+0!+8(!(8L8*7>?%0!&?%!
$%=8#+! 7=(#6#(! 8(! L,+! +8&?%! /(! $%=8(! =8! L,+!
=8+$%&+8$#=%!=8!+8&6#(0!=8!$8&+7('!
<"%(7!=#G8#:(8!+#&$8(7(8&68T!6!8++8!$%=8(!=8!
+8&6#(! 8! $8&+7(! %! (8+(%! 2/8! L%+! -7G! =#"8(#(! 8!
7&=7(U! !%&-8++7#+! 2/8! &?%'! =%(2/8! =8.7*=8!
%(=8&7(#7! L%++%! 8&68&=#(8&6%! 7! L%++%! 8+6O(7"%!
=%8&68T! "#"8(8X! <*8! &?%! =#"8(#(#7'! "8.7*=8! L%++%!
+8(! #(768(#7*! #&6#(7(#7! 7! L%++%+! $6+! "%6%+%+T!
!7(#&+8(X!<*8+!&?%!$7(#&+7(#7('!
!%(! (7G?%! %.+8(L7(7(! %+! "(8"%+! &?%! 68(! %!
$8&+7(8&6%! 2/7+8! &8&+/(7! #&-*/K&$#7! &%!
-/&$#%&7(8&6%! =%+! ,("?%+'! <=(#6#7(! $7(7! %+!
,("?%+! /(7! 7*(7! 7&#(7*'! =7(7! %! $8&+7(8&6%!
/(7!7*(7!(7#+!6K&/80!(7#+!+/6#*T!/(!&%/+'!
#7+! 8#+! 7! 7*(7! =%! $8&+7(8&6%! 2/8! 8(!
(#*+7(8+! =8! %$7+#M8+! "%L8(&7! 7! 7*(7! 7&#(7*'!
@(=8&7!7!7*(7!$8&+7&68!V+!(?8+!2/8!7$(88&=7(T!
7+! (?%+! 7$(88&=8('!=%(6(!&?%!$%=8!%(=8&7(!7%!
$%(7>?%! 2/8! .767'! <%!+7&"/8!2/8!$#($/*8'!Y/8!+8!
-%((8! %! 2/#*%'! -/=%! #++%! +8! -7G!
#&=8$8&=8&68(8&68!=8*7'!<J!8+6?%!7+!L%++7+!=/7+!
7*(7+!(86#=7+!8(!(7/+!*8&>,#+!8!-8#67+!$6++#(7+!
=%&7+!=8!$7+7'!
!*7(%! 2/8! 7! $(#(8#(7! 7*(7! &?%! 8Q#+68'! 5?%!
$7++7! =%! (%L#(8&6%! =%+! ,("?%+'! <(! "/7(=70!
+%(8(X!-/7!-(7$7!(7G?%!&?%!6!$7$7G!=8!$(%L7(!7!

25
8Q#+6K&$#7!=7!%/6(7!67(.6('!5?%!$%=8+!$%&$8.K:
*7! +8&?%! $8*7! -6'! -/! 57+$8+'! 5#L8+'! <"8+'! =8&+7+'!
58*7+'!"%((8+'!18(!+7.8(!$%(%'!"8/+!$%&-8(#/:68!
7! -7$/*=7=8! =8! $8&+7(! $%(%! 6/=%! %! (7#+'! <! +8!
&?%!L#8++8!8&+#&7(:68!&7+!#=7=8+!7++#&7*7=7+!$8*7!
+/7! $(%L#=K&$#7! 2/8! 68&+! /(7! 7*(7! #(768(#7*! 8!
#(%(67*0!=8*7!&?%!68(#7+!$(%L7!7*"/(7'!
8*7&$88(%+! %+! #&68(8++7&68+! +#+68(7+!
7(2/#6867=%+! $8*7! 6/7! -#*%+%-#7! 8(! 6%(&%! =8++7+!
7*(7+'!
C(! =#G! 2/8! 7! 7*(7! +/(7&7! 6! $7(68! =7!
+/.+6R&$#7!=%!$(,$(#%!"8/+'!@/6(%!2/8!6!$7(68!=%!
6%=%! #&-#&#6%'! -8($8#(%! 2/8! -%#! $(#7=7! 7.! 868(&%'!
Y/7(6%!2/8!-%#!-8#67!8!&?%!$(#7=7'!@/6(%+!7-#((7(!
2/8! "8/+! 7+! -7.(#$7! V! $(%$%(>?%! &8$8++'(#70! 8!
2/8!$+8"7(!&%!#&+67&68!=7!$,$/*7'!<*%*7(:+8!&%+!
7&#('*$/*%+! +8(#&7#+0! 8Q$*7(7! 8+68'! 5?%0! =#G!
72/8*80!L?%!+7.#67(!7+!6(%($7+!=8!)7**%$#%'!-%=%+!
L,+! 8+67#+! 8((7=%+0! #&68(LK(! 72/8*%/6(%T! 7! 7*(7!
8+$8(7! +8#+! +8(7&7+! 766! 2/8! 8+68*7! -%((7=%! %!
-86%3! 8&6?%! +8! 7$%(%=7! &7! "*R&=/*7! $#&87*3! +80!
$%(6(0! 8&$%&6(7! /(! "8((8! (7*#"&%0! L%*670! 7!
8+$8(7!=8!(8*+%(!%$7+#?%'!<!\*6#(7!%$#&#?%!6!2/8!
+/7! (%(7=7! 6! &%! $%($%! $7*%+%'! [! %! *%$7*! 2/8! *+8!
76(#./#! E7! =8;(%&#8'! <(7! $(8$#+%! +8(! $(#(8#(%!
$#(/("#?%! =%! (8#! =8! )(7&>7! $7(7! =#+$%(! 7++#(! =%!
7*%*7(8&6%!=7!7*(7'!=8&7!6!2/8!%!$%($%!$7*%+%!=%!
7('! E7! =8;(%&#8! &?%! 68&+7! 6#=%! 7! (8+(7! -%(6/&7!
2/8!%!=%&%'!

26
"#G! 17&6%! -%('+! .2/8+6?%! +8$6/7"6+#(7!
2/#&67! 8! +/.+82Z8&68+3! 2/8! 7! 7*(7! 6! /(7! -%((7!
+/.+#+67&68! $8(! +8'! Y/8! 8+6'! 8(! 6%=7+!7+!$%#+7+'!
Y/8!+/7!8++K&$#7!=#-8(8!=8!+/7!$%6K&$#7'!Y/8!+'!
6(K+! 7*(7+! L8"8676#L7+T! &/6(#6#L70! 7/(8&676#L70!
"8&8(76#L7'!Y/8!7!(8(,(#7!=7+!$%#+7+!8+$#(#6/7#+!
6! 8+$#(#6/7*'! Y/8! 7! (8(,(#7!=7+!$%#+7+!$%($%(7#+!
6! $%($%(7*'! Y/8! 7! 7*(7! (7$#%&7*! 6! /(7! -%((7!
#(768(#7*! 2/7&6%! V+! %$8(7>M8+! 8! (768(#7*! 2/7&6%!
7%! +8('! 16%'! -%('+! 8+$(8L8/! =/7+! (#*! $'"#&7+!
=8++7!-%(>7!8!=8++7!$*7(8G7'![!%!$7#!=7!8+$%*7'!
5?%! 6! (8&%(! %! &\(8(%! =8! +#+68(7+! -%(*7=%+!
+%.(8! 7! (7&8#(7! =8! +8&6#(! =7! 7*(7! =8$%#+! =8!
=8+8(67(! =%! $%($%! $%(! (8#%! =8! 2/8! +8&68'! !%(%!
%/L#('! +8(! %/L#=%+'! !%(%! %*-767('! +8(! &7(#G'!
!%(%! 6%$7('! +8(! (?%+'! Y/8! $%($%! (86%(7('! =8!
-/6/(%T!%!2/8!6#&+7!7%+!=%G8!%/!7%+!%#68&67!7&%+U!
!%(%! %! 8/0! 7! #=8&6#=7=8! =7! (8+(7! $8++%7!
+/.+#+6#(''!!%(%!7!7*(7!=8!/(!#&=#LJ=/%!6%(&7=%!
$(86#&%! V! #=7=8! =8! 2/#&G8! 7&%+! 8! 2/8! $(86#&%!
68&+7! (%((#=%! 7%+! +868&67! 7&%+! (86%(7('! %! -#%!
=7+! #=6#7+! #&68((%($#=%! &7! $/.8(=7=8'! =%(! 2/8!
(#*7"(8! /(7! 7*(7! 2/8! +7*7! $8(=#=%! /(7! $8(&7!
&7! </(%$7! 8! /(! .(7>%! &7! <(6(#$7! (88&$%&6(7('!
8++7! $8(&7! 8! 8++8! .(7>%'! .Y/80! 68&=%! +8!
6(7&+-%((7=%!8(!*8"/(8+0!68(?%!L#(7=%!+7&"/8!=8!
7*"/(!%/6(%!7&#(7*3'!
1#&"/*7(! 6! &?%! +7L8(! &7+! *8#+! =%! $%L%! =8!
"8/+!$7*7L(7!+82/8(!7!(8+$8#6%!=7!8+$#(#6/7*#=7=8!

27
8! #(%(67*#=7=8! =7! 7*(7'! 58(! &%! "8$'*%"%0! &8(!
&%!E8LJ6#$%!&8(!&%!"8/68(%&O(#%'!
<(! $7++%! 7*"/(! A! 8! +%.(8! #+6%! &?%! $7#(7! 7!
(8&%(! =\L#=7! A! #%#+6+! $(%(868! 7%+! */=8/+!
(8$%($8&+7+! 8! $7+6#"%+! 8(! %/6(7! L#=7'! 58(! *+8+!
-7*7!=7!#(%(67*#=7=8!=7!7*(7'!5?%!*+8+!7$8&7!$%(!
$6/! &8(! %+! 7(87>7! $%(! #&-8(&%'! -/=%! 6!
68($%(7*'!
<&68+! =8! (%((8(! =#G:*+8+! &%! "8/68(%&O(#%T!
,18! =8$%#+! =8! 68(=8+! -#*+%+! 8! &86%+! L,+!
$(8L7(#$7(=8+0! +8(8#+! 8Q68((#&7=%+! &%! $7J+! 8!
(8=/G#=%+!7!&\(8(%!J&-#(%!8&6(8!7+!&7>M8+'!
,</!+%/!/(!=8/+!$#%+%!2/8!$/&8!7!#&#2Z#=7=8!
=%+!$7#+!766!68($8#(7!8!2/7(67!"8(7>?%'!
,N%&(7#! $7#! 8! (?8! $7(7! 2/8! L#L7#+! *%&"%!
68($%'!
,5/&$7!L%+!-7*67('!%!2/8!$%(8('!
,18! +8"/#(=8+! =8/+8+! 8+6(7&"8#(%+! +8(8#+!
=8+6(/J=%+'''!
,18! %.8=8$8(=8+! 68(8#+! $+/L7! &7! $(#(7L8(7!
$%(%! &%! %/6%&%'! -8(8#+! -(/(8&6%0! ,*8%! 8! L#&+%'!
-8(8#+! -8&%! $7(7! %+! L%++%+! 7&#(7#+'! =7(7! 2/8!
$%(7#+!8!L%+!-7(68#+'!
,8(7L7#! 8+67+! $7*7L(7+! 8(! L%++%+! $%(7>M8+0!
8(! L%++7+! (?%+0! 7%+! L%++%+! %*+%+'! <+$(8L8#:7+!

28
8(! L%++7+! $%(67+'! =7(7! 2/8! L%++%+! =#7+! +8!
(/*6#$*#2/8('!
,)7G8#!%!2/8!L%+!%(=8&%!+8(!6#(7(!&8(!$O('!
,18! +8! 8("/8(! /(! $(%-867! 8! L%+! $(8=#++8(!
$7/+7+!$(%=#"#%+7+3!+8!7!$(8=#>?%!-%(!L8(=7=8#(7!8!
+8! $/($(#(3! 8! +8! 8*8! L%+! =#++8(T! 57(%+X! 1#"7(%+!
=8/+8+! 8+6(7&"8#(%+'''! A! (767#:%! #&$%&6#&8&6#'! <!
2/8!6%=%!%!$%L%!L%+!7$%($7&+8'!
,Y/7&=%! %! 18&+%(! L%+! 8&6(8"7(! &7>M8+!
8+6(7&"8#(7+0!=8"%*7#!7!6%=%+'!5?%!$%/$8#+!/(!+,!
+%(8('!5?%!68&+7#+!$#8=7=8!=8!&#&"/6('!
,5?%! $%(7#+! 7L8+! #($/(7+! $%(%! 7! '"/#70! %!
"(#-%0!%!#Q#7%'!
,5?%!$%(7#+!7&#(7#+!2/8!(/(#&8(!8!2/8!&?%!
68&+7(!7!/&+7!-8&=#=70!$%(%!%!$7(8*%0!7!*8.(80!%!
$%($%!8+$#&+%0!86$'!
,@.+8(L7&=%! 6%=%+! %+! $(8$8#6%+! +8(8#+!
7.8&>%7=%+! &7! $#=7=8! $%(%! &%! $7($%'!
<.8&>%7=%+! +8(?%! %+! -(/6%+! =%! L%++%! L8&6(80! =7!
L%++7!68((70!=%+!L%++%+!7&#(7#+'''!
,18!&?%!%.+8(L7(=8+!6%=%+!%+!(7&=7(8&6%+!8!
6%=7+! 7+! $8(#(O&#7+0! 7(7*=#>%7=%+! +8(8#+! &7!
$#=7=8! $%(%! &%! $7($%'''! =7=8$8(8#+! -%(80!
$%.(8G7'!#%((8(8#+!=8!(#+6(#70!=8!-(#%0!=8!$8&\(#70!
=8! -8.(8'! -8(8#+! (%&+70! (7./"8(0! -J+6/*7'! -8(8#+!
\*$8(7+!&%+!*%8*+%+!8!&7!.7((#"7!=7+!$8(&7+'!

29
,@!8+6(7&"8#(%!L%+!8($(8+67('!7!%&G8&70!8!L,+!
&?%! *+8! 8($(8+67(8#+! 7! %&G8&7'''! =%(! &?%!
+8(L#(=8+!7%!18&+%('!
,<! $%(8(8#+! %! -(/6%! =%! L%++%! L8&6(8'! <! $7(&8!
=%+!L%++%+!A!-#*+%+0!86$'4'!
[! (7&#-8+6%! &7=7! +7L8(! 8(! 6%=7+! 8++7+!
$(%(8++7+! 8! 7(87>7+! 2/8! &?%! +8*7! 68($%(7*'!
58(! /(7! $7*7L(7! +%.(8! #(%(67*#=7=8! =7! 7*(7'!
58(!/(7!$7*7L(7!+%.(8!L#=7!-/6/(7'!
#/#6%+! $%(8&67=%(8+! #*/+6(8+! -%(7(! =8!
$7(8$8(! 2/8! #%#+6+! 8+67L7! $8(-8#67(8&68! 7L#+7=%!
=8+68+! =%#+! "(7&=8+! =%"(7+'! =(%L7(:&%! $%(!
$7*7L(7+!=8!77$,0!2/8!*/*"7&=%!2/8!+8/!-#*+%!-%(7!
=8L%(7=%! $8*7+! -8(7+0! 8Q$*7(%/! 8(! +/7! =%(T! ,</!
7$%($7&+7(8#! (8/! -#*+%! V! +8$/*6/(70! #&!
#&-8(&/(0! 7%! #&-8(&%4'! B+6%! 6T! 8/! (%((8(8#0!*'!2/8!
(8/!-#*+%!(%((8/'!
=(%L7(:&%! 7#&=7! $%(! 6(8$+%+! =8! B+7J7+! 8!
<G82/#8*'!=%(6(!%+!+8.(8/+!7!2/8(!-7*7L7!#%#+6+!
&?%! $%=#7(! 68(! *#=%! <G82/#8*! &8(! B+7J7+'! =%(2/8!
<G82/#8*! 8! B+7J7+! +,! L#L8(7(! (/#6%+! +6$/*%+!
=8$%#+'!
B&\6#*! =#+$/6#(! 2/7&6%! 7%+! +8&6#(8&6%+!
+8$(86%+!=8!#%#+6+'!@!-76%!6!2/8!&7+!*8#+!$\.*#$7+!
8*8!&/&$7!-7*%/!=8!L#=7!-/6/(7'!-%=%+!%+!$7+6#"%+0!
6%=%+! %+! $(K(#%+0! (8+6(#&"8:%+! 7%! $(8+8&68'! 18!
$%&+8$#7! 7! L#=7! L#&=%/(70! $%(! 2/8! &?%! 8Q$O+!

30
8Q$(8++7(8&68!6?%!#($%(67&68!=%"(7U!<!+8!&?%!7!
$%&+8$8/0! 2/7*! %! %.*86%! =8! +/7! (#++?%U! [! %! 2/8!
$8("/&67(! (/#67+! $8(+%&7"8&+! #*/+6(8+'! <!
(8+$%&=8(!2/8!%!#8+6(8!=8!#%#+6+!8!=8!6%=%+!%+!
+%(8&+! +8! (8+8(L7L7! %! =#(8#6%! =8! 8Q$*#$7(! 7! .%(!
68($%! 7%+! */=8/+! /(7! =%/6(#&7! 2/8! 8*8+! &?%!
8+67L7(! 8(! $%&=#>M8+! =8! $%($(88&=8(! 2/7&=%!
&%!=8+8(6%'!
N%/L8++8! #%#+6+! 7&/&$#7=%! %! =%"(7! =7!
#(%(67*#=7=8!=7!7*(70!&?%!%!68(#7!$%(.76#=%!/(7!
"(7&=8! 8+$%*7! =8! */=8/+'! 5?%! 68(#7! +#=%!
7/6%(#G7=7! $8*%! 8+67=%! 7! "(7&=8! 8+$%*7! =%+!
+7=/$8/+'! @+! +7=/$8/+! &?%! 68(#7(! %$/$7=%! %+!
$(#(8#(%+! $7("%+'! "8! +8/! +8#%! &?%! 68(#7(! +7J=%!
"(7&=8+!$%&6J-#$8+'!
=7(8$8! 2/8! +,! =8$%#+! =7! -/&=7>?%! =8!
<*8Q7&=(#7!%+!*/=8/+!+8!$#&=#(#7(!8(!6(K+!+8#67+T!
-7(#+8/+0! +7=/$8/+0! 8++K&#%+'! <&+#&7! %!
+#+6%(#7=%(! -7(#+8/! 7%+6! &%! *#L(%! /H! =7+!
<&6#"Z#=7=8+! 2/8! %+! -7(#+8/+! 7$(8=#67L7(! &7!
(868($+#$%+8'!!(#7(!%+!+7=/$8/+!2/8!7!7*(7!+8!
8Q6#&"/#7! $%(! %! $%($%'! =7(7! %+! 8++K&#%+! A! 6!
7#&=7!7%+6!2/8(!%!7-#7&>7!A!7!7*(7!8(7!#(%(67*3!
+8"/&=%!8*8+!7+!7*(7+0!+%.!-%((7!76(870!=8+$#7(!
=%! -7+6J"#%! =%! -#((7(8&6%! L#%*8&67(8&68! 76(7J=7+!
$8*%+!$%($%+'!<$,+!7!(%(68!7+!7*(7+!=7+!$8++%7+!
.%7+!#7(!(%(7(!7*6(!%$87&%0!&/(!$7J+!%&=8!&?%!
-7G#7! $7*%(! &8(! -(#%0! &?%! L8&67L7! &8(! $+%L#7'!

31
E/"7(! =8! 6%=%! 8(! 6%=%! %$%+6%! 8(7! %! =8+68((%! =7+!
7*(7+!(/#&+'!-7*!7!68%*%"#7!=%+!*/=8/+'!
<2/8*8! 2/8! =8L#7! 8&+#&7(! 6%=%+! %+! +%(8&+!
L8#%! $%&=8&7(! 8++7+! 6(K+! +8#67+'! 18(! 8*80! $%(6(0!
*7(7#+!+7.8(J7(%+!$%#+7!7*"/(7!=7!$(,$(#7!7*(7'!
=%(2/8!%+!-#*,+%-%+!&/&$7!+%/.8(7(!&7=7!$8(6%!8!
#%#+6+0! \&#$%! L8(=7=8#(%! *8"#+*7=%(! =%! (/&=%!
7&68+!=%!&%++%0!#%#+6+!2/8!-7*7L7!$%(!"8/+!-7$8!
7! -7$8! 8! &?%! %! L#7! +8&?%! $8*7+! $%+67+0! =8#Q%/! %+!
+%(8&+! 8(! $(%-/&=7! #"&%(R&$#7! =8++7! (7"&7!
2/8+6?%'! N'! 7$8&7+! (#*! 8! +868$8&6%+! 7&%+! 2/8!
8+67(%+! $8(6%+! =7! 8Q#+6K&$#7! 8! #(%(67*#=7=8! =7!
7*(7'!
!J$8(%! &?%! 6#&+7! (7#+! 2/8! =\L#=7+'! 18/+!
&86%+! 7$(8&=8(7(! 7! L8(=7=8! $%(! %+! $(#(8#(%+!
"7*#*8/+!2/8!7((#.7(7(!7! %(7'!
#7+!7&68+!=#++%0!8!766!=8$%#+!=#++%!8(!6%=%!%!
(8+6%!=7!68((7!%&=8!&?%!$8&86(7(7(!%+!7$,+6%*%+0!
$7=7! /(! =8L#7! =#G8(! V! $(,$(#7! 7*(7T! Y/8! 6+! 6/U!
"8! %&=8!L8&+U!Y/8!-7G8+U!=7(7!%&=8!L7#+U!-/!6+!
&?%! +8#! 2/80! 2/8! $8&+7! 8! 2/8! +8&68'! #7+! 7#&=7!
2/8! $8&+7++8+! 8! +8&6#++8+! $8(! .#*+M8+! =8! 7&%+0!
&7=7! +7.8(#7+! $%(! 6/7+! $(,$(#7+! */G8+0! +8(! %!
7/QJ*#%!=8!"8/+'!
N%(8(X! "8/+! %/6%("%/:68! %! 8&68&=#(8&6%!
$7(7! .8(! $(%$8=8(8+! 8! &?%! $7(7! $8&86(7(8+! 7!
8++K&$#7!=7+!$%#+7+!$%(!8*8!$(#7=7+'!

32
29$:2#&'

!%&6(76%! 6'$#6%! 8&6(8! =/7+! $8++%7+! +8&+JL8#+!


8! L#(6/%+7+'! 18&+JL8#+! $%(2/8! /(! (%&"80! /(!
+%*#6'(#%0!$%=8!&?%!+8(!(/#(!8!L#L8(!+8(!$%&+8$8(!
7! 7(#G7=8'! 5#(6/%+7+! $%(2/8! %+! (7/+! &?%!
7=*/&"8(! (7#+! 2/8! $\($*#$8+'! @+! L%*/$6/%+%+!
$7(8#7(! $%($7&+8#(%+! =8! =8L7++#=?%'! @+!
#&68(8++8#(%+! (8\&8(! +,$#%+'! @+! $%*J6#$%+!
$%&"(8"7(! $7(6#='(#%+'! @! $%(/(! =%+! +%(8&+!
%$#%+%+! (7&6K(! (8*7>M8+'! @+! $(J&$#$8+! 6K(!
$%(68+?%+'! 1,! %+! L#(6/%+%+! $%++/8(! 7(#"%+'!
!668"%! 8(7! $\($*#$8! =8! !76#*#&7'! #8$8&7+! 8(7!
$%(68+?%! =8! @6'L#%'! #7+! !J$8(%! 8(7! 7(#"%! =8!
D6#$%'! Y/8! 8+67.8*8$8! 8++8! $%&LK&#%! 8&6(8! =/7+!
7*(7+!68(&7+!8!+%&8+67+U!<+!%.(#"7>M8+!+?%!(7#+!
%/! (8&%+! #&68&+7+! $%&+%7&68! 7! +8&+#.#*#=7=8! =8!
/(7!8!=8!%/6(7!8!%!&\(8(%!=8!+8(L#>%+!$(8+67=%+0!
86$'!
@!8&6/+#7+(%!=7!7(#G7=8!-%#!(7#+!-%(68!8&6(8!
"(8"%+!8!'(7.8+!2/8!8&6(8!&,+'!1?%!7=(#('L8#+!7+!
+#+6,(#7+!2/8!68$8(7(!8++8+!$%L%+!8(!6%(&%!=8+68!
+8&6#(8&6%'! 5?%! 68(%+! #"/7#+'! 1%(%+! 8(! 6/=%!
/(!$%/$%!+8$%+'!
<! 7(#G7=8! 8(7! %.*86%! =8! (8*#"#?%! 8! *8"#+*7>?%!
8&6(8! %+! "(8"%+'! @+! 68.7&%+! 6#&+7(! %! (8"#(8&6%!
=%+!7(7&68+'!#7"&J-#$%!(8"#(8&6%X!N%/L8!2/8(!%!
6%(7++8!$%(!/(!(8"#(8&6%!=8!+%=%(#67+'!<&"7&%T!

33
+8(#7!6%(7(!%!7$8++,(#%!$8*%!8++8&$#7*'!<!7(#G7=8!
8(7! $(8+$(#67! &7! 8(6$#7! $8*7! *8#! 8! $8*7! (8*#"#?%'!
B&-8*#G(8&68! 6%*8(7L7:+8! 7! $8=8(7+6#7'! <*#'+T!
6%*8(7L7(:&7!%+!$%+6/(8+'![!$(8$#+%!&?%!#($/67(!
V!*8#!7./+%+!L8("%&+%+%+'!5%*67(8(%+!7%!7++/&6%'!

34
29(*'

<(%(!%(&#./+!#=8(.93'!!/($(8!(8$%((8((%+!V!
#(7"8('!@!7(%(!6!7!8+6%$7!=7!&76/(8G7!.%(=7=7!
$8*7!#(7"#&7>?%'!Y/8(8#+!68(!/(7!#=6#7!=%!7(%(U!
58=8! %+! $7(=7#+! =%! L%++%! *7(=#('! 58=8! L%++%+!
$%(.%+'!!%&68($*7#!%!6%/(%!2/8!*8L7(!V!&%L#*+7'!
<=(#(7#!72/8*8!+%.8(.%!$7L7*%!2/8!=%#+!=8!L%++%+!
$7(7(7=7+! $%&=/G8(! V! 6"/7! 2/8! $7++#L7! %!
8+$8(7!8!7((8=7!7!$7/=7!$7(7!(8$8.K:*%'!@.+8(L7#!
$%(%!+8/+!%*+%+!$+7(8*7('!@/L#!+8/+!(8*#&$+%+'!
<=(#(7#!72/8*8+!+7*6%+0!72/8*7+!$/(L867+0!72/8*7+!
%(8*+7+! 8(! $60! 72/8*7! .%$7! 2/8! 18! 7.(8! $%(!
*#"8#(7+! $%&L/*+M8+0! 72/8*7+! &7(#&7+! 7-*7&68+!
.7-8*7&=%!#&-*7(7=7(8&680!72/8*7+!$(#&7+!2/8!+8!
8($#&7(! 8! 8+L%7>7(0! %! (%L#(8&6%! #($8(#%+%!
$%(!2/8!+8!*7&>7!+%.(8!%!%.*86%!2/8!*+8!=8+6#&%/!
7!&76/(8G7'!
#7+!&?%!%+!#&L8*8#+'!=8&+7#!&7+!L7&67"8&+!=7!
8+$6$#8! +/(7&7'! Y/8! $%&6(7.7*7&>7(! -%(>70!
.8*8G70! *#"8#(8G70! #($86/%+#=7=8! 6%=%+! %+!
$(8=#$7=%+! =8! 2/8! 7! &76/(8G7! =%6%/! %+!
#((7$#%&7#+'!
N'! 7&#(7#+! 2/8! &?%! $%&+8$8(! %! "%G%'!
!7(8$8(! =8++8! $(7G8(! %+! $8#Q8+! 8+$7(7=%+'! <!
-K(87! *7&>7! +%.(8! 7! L7+7! (#*+M8+! =8! %L7+! 8! %!
(7$+%! 2/8! 7+! 8&$%&6(7!-8$/&=7:7+!$%(!%!+K(8&!
+8(!$(8%$/$7(:+8!$%(!7!=%&7'!

35
<! (7#%(#7! =%+! 7&#(7#+! 2/8! +8! 7$7+7*7(! &?%!
8Q$8(#(8&67! $(7G8(! $%(! (7#+! 2/8! /(! \&#$%!
+8&6#=%'! 176#+-8#6%! %! 7$86#68! 8+6'! 6/=%! 7$7.7=%'!
58&+/(! 7&#(7*! +8&?%! L,+! $%&+8$8! %+! 7-7"%+'!
-%=%!%!L%++%!$%($%!6!+8&+JL8*'!5%++%+!*'.#%+!+%.(8!
6/=%! 8Q$8(#(8&67(! /(7! L%*\$#7! #&8Q7/(JL8*! A!
$(7G8(! 8Q$*/+#L%! =7! L%++7! 8+$6$#8'! <&-#(! $%=8#+!
7(7(! 8(! 2/7*2/8(! 68($%0! 8&2/7&6%! %+! 7&#(7#+!
+,! %! $%=8(! 8(! 6$%$7+! =868((#&7=7+'! 18!
(8-*86#(=8+! &8+67+! $(88(#&K&$#7+! =#(8#+! $%(0! %!
$%&=8! =8! %$+8+68(T! ,@! 7(%(0! 8(! /(! $7J+! =8!
768/+0!-7(#7!7=%(7(!7!"#L#&=7=84!
!%(%! (8$8.8/! %! =%(! =8! 7$8(-8#>%7(! 6/=%! %!
2/8! *+8! $%&$8=8/! 7! &76/(8G70! %! +%(8(!
7$8(-8#>%%/! %! 7(%('! <! +#"#8&80! %! $/#=7=%! $%(! %!
$(,$(#%! $%($%0! 6%(&7&=%! 7! $8*8! (7#+! =8*#$7=70!
7/(8&67(! %! $(7G8(! =%! 676%'! @! G8*%! =7! $(,$(#7!
+7\=8!-7G!(7#+!+8&+JL8#+!%+!,("?%+!=7!L%*\$#7'!
-%=%+! %+! %/6(%+! +8&6#(8&6%+! =8! $(8+6%! +8!
7(7*"7(7(! $%(! %! 7(%(! $%(%! (867#+! 8(! -/+?%!
$%(!%!%/(%'!
5K8(! (8-%(>':*%! 7! 7(#G7=80! 7! 8+6#(7'! 1?%!
%/6(%+! 8*%+! =8! /&#?%! %+! =%68+! =%! $%($%! 8! =%!
8+$J(#6%'!
!)/'0)-.1'.2$)'$3.$'.&14+53/'0)/.&)'0)-1.$6'
/%+.74+.$834'/%5.$6'41'/3&5%'-%+2%+4'-3#136'
31'0)-.#4'.&$34$-)1'$4-3/'9.+'5474+4'9.1)/:!
.E/$(6$#%0!*#L'!23'!

36
=(#&$#$7*(8&68! %! 7(%(! $(,$(#%! 8+6(8#67! 8++8+!
*#7(8+'! =7*(87(%:&%+! 7! $(,$(#7! 8+$%*+70! 8! 7+!
#*/+M8+! 8(! $+/+(7! +?%! %(&7(8&6%+! =8++7! %.(7!
=8!2/8!7!&76/(8G7!*7&>%/!%+!7*#$8($8+'!
<#+! %! 2/8! $%++/J+! =8! +/$8(#%(! 7%+! 7&#(7#+'!
180! $%(6(0! -(/J+! $(7G8(8+! 2/8! 8*8+! =8+$%&+8$8(0!
67(.6(! 2/7&6%+! +%-(#(8&6%+! $7=8$8#+! =8! 2/8!
8*8+!&8(!6K(!#=6#7X!@!2/8!+'!=8!+%((JL8*!$7(7!L,+!
6! +7L8(! 7! &76/(8G7! 8(! 6(K+! 2/7(6%+! =7! 68((7!
8&L8&8&7=%! %+! $(7G8(8+! =%! 7(%(! 8! 7+! -%&68+! =7!
L#=7! $%(! /(! (7*! 6(8(8&=%0! 7! 2/8! +,! %! +%(8(!
8+6'! +/*8#6%! 8! 2/8! *+8! #&-8$$#%&7! %+! ,("?%+! =7!
"8(7>?%'!
<+67!$8+68!&?%!6!$%(%!67&67+!%/6(7+!=%8&>7+!
-#*+7+! =8! &%++%+! 8Q$8++%+'! 5?%! -%#! 7! =#++%*/>?%!
2/8! 7! #&6(%=/G#/! &%! (/&=%'! <+! )(#&6#7+0! 7+!
E7J+8+0! 7+! )*%(7+0! 7+! #8++7*#&7+! &?%! -%(7(!
LJ6#(7+! =8*7'! 57+$8/! 8(! #*+7+! %&=8! %+! +%(8&+!
L#L#7(!&7!#&%$K&$#7!8!=8!*'!$(%$7"%/!$8*%!(/&=%!
7&6#"%'!
18! 7*"/(7! L8G! +8! $O=8! 7$/+7(! 7! &76/(8G7! =8!
=8+7(7(! 7! $(,$(#7! %.(70! =8! $%&6(7=#G8(!%!$(,$(#%!
$*7&%0! =8! 6(7(7(! $%&6(7! %+! $(,$(#%+! -#&+0! -%#!
8&6?%'! 5?%! 6J&+7(%+! %! (8*+%(! =%+! (/&=%+!
$%++JL8#+U! 18! !6+7(0! <&6O&#%0! @6'L#%! &?%! -%(7(!
LJ6#(7+!=8++8!(7*0!$%(!2/8!%!-%#!)(7&$#+$%!BU!5?%0!
=#(8#+0!6/=%!-%#!=#+$%+6%!=7!(8*+%(!-%((7!$%++JL8*'!
Y/8(%!$(8('!#7+!6!=#-J$#*'!

37
29(*'3*.3*$('

C(! (8&=#"%! =%+! 7((8=%(8+! =8! #7=(#!


8+(%*7L7!&%.(8(8&68'!"#++8:*+8!/(!6(7&+8/&68T!
A! @! +('! &?%! 68(! L8("%&+7! =8! +8! =8=#$7(! 7!
(#+68(!6?%!#&-7(80!2/7&=%!$%=#7!6(7.7*+7(U!
A! 18&+%(0! A! (8+$%&=8/! %! $8=#&68! A! 8+6%/!
*+8! $8=#&=%! =#&+8#(%! 8! &?%! $%&+8*+%+'! A! <! $%(!
6%=7!7!=#"&#=7=8!$7+68*+7&7!L#(%/:*+8!7+!$%+67+'!
<(7! /(! (8&=#"%! +%.8(.%'! C(! &7=7! *+8! -8(#7!
7!L7#=7=8'!=8=#7!8+(%*7!$%(!7(%(!=8!+#!(8+(%0!8!
$%(! 7(%(! =8! +#! (8+(%! &?%! +/$%(67L7!
(8$(#(8&=7+'!
5#7*7&=%! $8*7! P&=#70! 6%$%/! /(! (#++#%&'(#%!
$%(!/(!-72/#(!$7((8"7=%!=8!$7=8#7+0!&/!$%(%!/(!
(7$7$%0! =8#67=%! +%.(8! %! L8&6(8! 8! =8#Q7&=%:+8!
$+#$%687(! 8(! (8+"768! =%+! $8$7=%+! =8! +8/+!
$76(J$#%+!+#&=/+0!2/8!*+8!=7L7(!7*"/(7+!(%8=7+!
=%!$7J+'!
A! Y/8! (8&\&$#7! =8! +#! $(,$(#%X! A! =#G#7! /(!
=%+!8+$8$67=%(8+'!!
A! 8&\&$#7! =8! (#(! $(,$(#%U! A! (86%(2/#/! %!
-72/#('!A!)#$7#!+7.8&=%!2/8!&?%!(8!=8#Q%!7>%#67(!
&8+68! (/&=%! +8&?%! $7(7! L%+! (86(#./#(! &%! %/6(%'!
Y/7&=%!-%(=8+!$7L7*%!8!8/!$7L7*8#(%'!

38
-#L8(7(!$%#+!$*8&7!(7G?%!%+!2/8!=#++8(7(!+8(!
%!7(%(!=8!&,+!(8+(%+!7!.7+8!=8!6%=%+!7+!&%++7+!
7>M8+! A! &7! P&=#70! &7! <+$7&+7! $%(%! 8(! 6%=7! 7!
68((7!+7.#6'L8*'!
1/$6(-*/%! 6! $(%L7(! 7%+! +%(8&+! 2/8! 6K(!
(%+6%'! 1/$6(-*/%! 67(.6(! +8(#7! =8(%&+6(7(:*+8+!
$%++/J(8(! 7(%(! $(,$(#%'! @! 7(%(! $(,$(#%! 6! %!
#&+6(/(8&6%!=7!&%++7!$%&+8(L7>?%'!<++8(8*+7:+8!
7%! #&+6(/(8&6%! =7! $8($86/7>?%! =7! 8+$6$#8'!
58$8++#67(%:*%'! [:&%+! $7(%'! "8*8#67:&%+! A! <!
$/($(8!%$/*6':*%'!

39
29(*'-(%*)1$%('

=%(! 2/8! (%6#L%! /(! LJ$#%! 2/8! +8! -%++8! "8(7*!


8Q6#&"/#(#7! %! "K&8(%! +/(7&%0! 768&67=%! #&-7(8! V!
&76/(8G70!6!$%&6/=%!6?%!&76/(7*!U!=7(8$8!%!\*6#(%!
=8"(7/!=7!$%((/$>?%!(8-*86#=7!A!<&67&6%!(7&#867!
=8! $%6#%! 7=%*8+$8&68+! 2/8! &8(! +82/8(! 6#L8(7(!
68($%!=8!+8(!$%((%($#=%+'!<&6(7!$%(7>M8+!68&(%+!
2/8!&?%!$%&+8$8(!&8(!7!7(.#>?%0!&8(!7!-(7/=80!
&8(! 7! +8=8! =8! (#2/8G7'! [! 7! */L8&6/=8! $8"7! 2/80!
$%(! #&+6#&6%! (7*! =8-#&#=%0! +8! $(8$#$#67! &7!
=8$(7L7>?%!7$8&7+!=%.(7!7!#&-R&$#7'!
%8(!$8=%!+8!(7&#-8+67!7!#&$*#&7>?%!(8$J$(%$7!
=%+! +8Q%+'! #7+0! =#"7:+8! %! 2/8! +8! =#++8(! =7+!
(/*+8(8+! 7-(#$7&7+! 8! =7! D+#7! (8(#=#%&7*0! 8++7!
#&$*#&7>?%! 6! "8(7*(8&68! (/#6%! (7#+! -%(68! &%!
+%(8(!2/8!&7!(/*+8('![!/(7!*8#!2/8!7!&76/(8G7!
=#6%/!7%+!7&#(7#+'![!+8($(8!%!(7$+%!2/8!767$7!7!
-K(87'!
18&6#&=%!8++7!-%(>7!2/8!7!&76/(8G7!$%(8>7!7!
#&+/-*7(:*+8+! 8! &?%! 8&$%&6(7&=%! %! %.*86%! &76/(7*!
=%!#&+6#&6%0!76#(7(:+8!%+!*%L8&+!(7$+%+!=7!&%++7!
8+$6$#8! +%.(8! %! 2/8! (8*+%(! +8! *+8! +8(8*+8'! 5?%!
(7(%0! $8*7! -(8+$/(7! =7! 68G0! $8*%! */+6(8! =7+! $%(8+0!
$8*7!=%>/(7!=%+!%*+%+0!=/(7&68!=%#+!%/!6(K+!7&%+!
/(! *%L8(! $7(8$8:+8! 7! /(7! (7$7(#"7'! 18! %!
7(7(%+0! 6! $%(2/8! 7! &76/(8G7! +8! 82/#L%$7'!
<(7(%+! &8*8! %! +8Q%! 7! 2/8! 8L%$7! +/7! .8*8G7'! <66!

40
2/80! =#++#$7&=%:+8! 7! +8(8*+7&>70! 7! &76/(8G7! +8!
$%((#"8!
;.1+)834'<394&1)/'
%41)1.$'=+494'94+'41'2+./%$'-)+24+4'0#%+4$.H3!
<++7G!+7.#=%!6!+8(!8++8!82/JL%$%!=7!&76/(8G7!
(/#6%! (7#+! $%(/(! &%+! $*#(7+! +/7L8+! 2/8! &%+!
"8*%+! =%! &%(68'! =%(2/8! &%+! $*#(7+! (7#+! =%$8+! %!
+7&"/8!6!(7#+!2/8&68!8!(7#+!-(82Z8&68!7!%$7+#?%'!
"7J! %! 2/8! &?%! +8! $%&+#=8(7! (7#+! 2/8! /(7!
-(72/8G7! &%! *%L8(! <*$#.J7=8+! +8(! /(7!
7.%(#&7>?%! &/(! (7(#&+8#(%! +%*7&=K+! %/! &/(!
L#L7&=8#(%!(%+$%L#67'!
5?%! $%++%! 7=(#6#(! 2/80! $%(%! +8! $(868&=80!
68&+7(! %+! "(8"%+! 7/6%(#G7=%! +8(8*+7&68!
*#$8&$#%+#=7=8'! !#67:+8! %! *8"#+*7=%(! 1,*%&! $%(!
+7L8(!=#6%!8(!=%#+!(7/+!L8(+%+T!
>#73/'5.)'.&5)')/)+?$'
3/'7#)=+%'4'=4#%'+)2) :!
#7+! +8(#7! 1,*%&! *8"#+*7=%(! 2/7&=%! 8+$(8L8/!
8++7!(#=J$/*7!$7(8*+7U!<#&=7!8(7!*%L8('!<!2/7&=%!
%!*#.8(6#&%!+8!-8G!+'.#%0!&?%!#(#7!#&$*/#(!'67(7&+7!
#&-R(#7! &7+! *8#+! =7! +/7! (8$\.*#$7'! [! $%(%! +8! +8!
7$/+7++8! -8%=%(%! =8! %8+#+! =8! 68(! $(8"7=%! %!
+%(%++8Q/7*#+(%! 8(! +/7! #"(8*7! $%(! +7L8(0! &7!
*/L8&6/=80! =8=#$7=%! L8(+%+! 7%! *%L8(! !R&=#=%! 8!
=#6%T!

41
>/2#4-1%+'*3&-'41'.##)/:!
<./+7:+8! =%! 68Q6%! =8! =*/67($%0! 2/80! 8(! +/7+!
67"7(8*#$8+! &%! "#'*%"%! =%! <(%(0! -7G! =#G8(! 7! /(7!
$8(+%&7"8(! 2/8! 7+! (/*+8(8+! &?%! +?%! =#"&7+! =%!
7(%(! L8(=7=8#(%'! @/6(7! $8(+%&7"8(0! $%(6(0!
+/+68&67!=8L#=7(8&68!%!$7(6#=%!=7+!(/*+8(8+'!
!8(6%!60!67&6%!2/7&6%!%!$%=8!+8(!7!$#K&$#7!=7!
7&6#"Z#=7=80! 2/8! %! 7(%(! +%$('6#$%! &?%! 8(7! /(!
7(%(!#&-7(8'!<!$7*7L(7!7(%(!-%#!2/8!8&"7&%/'!@!
2/8! +8! $+7(7L7(! %+! 7(7&68+! =8! /(! *%L8(! 8(7!
&8(!(7#+!&8(!(8&%+!%!2/8!+?%!+%*8!%+!#&-7&68+!
=8! $%($7&+#7! =%+! &%++%+! $(J&$#$8+0! %+! *%L8&+!
$%($7&+8#(%+! =8! 8=/$7>?%! =8! /(! (8&#&%!
=#+6#&6%0! $7(6#$#$7&=%! =%+! (8+(%+! 8+6/=%+0! =%+!
(8+(%+! 8Q8($J$#%+! (#*#67(8+! A! #&+6#6/#>?%!
"/8((8#(7! 8! +7&67! =8! 2/8! +8! 7./+%/! $%(%! =7+!
-8+67+!&%6/(&7+!8!=7+!%("#7+'!
<! 6(%$7! =%+! 7(7&68+! #&+6#6/J=7! $%(! E7#%! 8(7!
/(! $%($%! #&L8&$JL8*! =8! *%L8&+! "/8((8#(%+! /&#=%+!
$8*%! */(7(8&6%! =8! =7(! 7! L#=7! /&+! $8*%+! %/6(%+'!
)%#! %! 2/8! =8! (7#+! .8*%! $%++/#/! 7! =#+$#$*#&7!
7&6#"7'!
<++8L8(7(! 18Q6%! <($J(#$%! 8! %/6(%+! 2/8! %!
+%(%++8Q/7*#+(%! 6#&+7! "/7(#=7! &7+! *8#+! =7!
=6(+#7'! Y/8! $#68(! %! 68Q6%! =7! *8#'! Y/8! (%+6(8(! %!
$,=#"%! =%+! $8(+7+'! #7+! 7#&=7! 2/8! %! $(%L8(! 8/!
&?%! 7$(8=#67(8#! A! "#(8#! 2/8! 6! (8&6#(7'! =%(2/8!
&?%! +8(#7! $%++JL8*0! &?%! 6! =7! &76/(8G7! +/(7&7!

42
8*7.%(7(! /(7! *8#! 2/8! $%&6(7=#G! 8! /*6(7*7! 7!
&76/(8G7'!E8#!2/8!7&#2/#*7(#7!%!"K&8(%!+/(7&%!+8!
-%++8! *#68(7*(8&68! %.+8(L7=7'! =('6#$7+!
L8("%&+%+7+! 6%*8(7=7+! $8*7+! *8#+! =%! $7J+X! 18Q6%!
<($J(#$%0! 2/8! =/L#=7L7! =8! 6/=%0! =8L#7! =/L#=7(!
=8++7!*/(#+$(/=K&$#7'!18!L#L8++8!8(!&%++%+!=#7+!8!
L#++8! =%#+! %/! 6(K+! *8+/J67+! 7./+7(8(! =8! 7*"/&+!
8+$%*7(8+0! 68(#7! =#(8#6%! =8! $%&$*/#(! +8(! 67*!
=8$(7L7>?%! $8((#6#=7! $8*7+! $%&+6#6/#>M8+! =8!
B&'$#%!=8!E%#%*7U!
<(7! 6?%! $%(/(! %! 7(%(! 8&6(8! (7$7G8+! 8(!
%(7! 2/8! &#&"/6(! $8&+7L7! 8(! $/&#:*%'! @6'L#%!
</"/+6%0! 8++8! 7++7++#&%! =8L7++%! 8! $%*6(?%! 2/8!
68L8! %! =8+$*7&68! =8! 8Q#*7(! @LJ=#%0! 7$+%/! (/#6%!
&76/(7*! 2/8! 5#("J*#%! $7&67++8! <*8#Q%! 8! N%('$#%!
8+$(8L8++8!%=8+!7!E#"/(#&%'!5?%!%.+67&680!+8($(8!
+/.+#+6#/! 7! *8#! 1$7&6J&#70! $(8L8&6#L7! =7!
$8=8(7+6#7'! 8$O:*7! 8(! L#"%(! %! #($8(7=%(! )#*#$80!
2/8! 8Q$/*+%/! =8! %(7! %+! (8&#&%+! 2/8! +8!
=8=#$7L7(! 7%! %-J$#%'! <&-#(! &?%! $(8#%! 2/8! 8(!
68($%! 7*"/(! &7>?%! $#L#*#G7=7! +7*7! *7L(7=%! *8#+!
$%&6(7!%+!$(,$(#%+!$%+6/(8+'!

43
2";('

<&L#7=%! 8(! "(8"%'! %7*=#%! +8('! 7$(8+$8&67(!


2/8! %+! $8(+7+! 6#&+7(! $8(#+0! %+! +8.(8/! (7*7&++0!
%+! "(8"%+! +8/+! =7#(%&8+'! #7+! 67*L8G! &%+! 7$*7(8!
+7.8(!2/8!/(7!=7+!$(#(8#(7+!#=6#7+!=%!+%(8(!-%#!
#&68($%(!+8(8+!#&68((8=#'(#%+!8&6(8!7!"#L#&=7=8!8!
&,+'! 1?%! %+! =8(O&#%+0! %+! "K&#%+! #=87=%+! $8*7!
7&6#"Z#=7=8'!@!+%(8(!+8($(8!$(#%/!%+!=8/+8+!V!
+/7! #(7"8('! 5#7(:+8! %+! $(J&$#$8+! 6(7&+(#6#(!
+/7+! %(=8&+! $%(! (8&+7"8#(%+T! 8&6?%! 7! "#L#&=7=8!
67(.6(!6#&+7!+8/+!$%((8#%+'!#8($\(#%0!B+#+0!8(7(!
(8&+7"8#(%+0!7(7/6%+'!
@+! +8.(8/+! A! $%L%! $%&=/G#=%! $8*7! $(,$(#7!
"#L#&=7=8! A! 7! $(#&$J$#%! &?%! =8(7(! &%(8+! 7%+!
7&*%+! 2/8! $%(! -#(! "8/+! $%&=8+$8&=#7!8(!8&L#7(:
*+8+'!-%(7(7(!=8!8($(6+6#(%!%+!&%(8+!2/8!*+8+!
=7L7(!%+!$7*=8/+0!2/7&=%!7!&7>?%!*/=7#$7!8+68L8!
$76#L7! 8(! %7.#*O&#7'! ##"/8*! 8! 87.(#8*! +?%!
(8-8(#=%+! $8*7! $(#(8#(7! L8G! $%(! "7&#8*0! 8+$(7L%!
8&6(8!72/8*8+!$%L%+'!@!*/=8/!-%.#7+0!2/8!L#L#7!8(!
5J&#L80! $%&+8$8/! %! 7&*%! 7-78*0! 2/8! L#7*%/! $%(!
+8/! -#*+%! $7(7! 7*/=':*%! 7! (87L8(! $8(67! +%(7! 2/8!
*+8!=8L#7!%!*/=8/!87.78*'!
5?%! +8! -7G! &7+! *8#+! =%+! */=8/+0! #+6%! 60! %!
E8LJ6#$%! 8! %! "8/68(%&O(#%0! 7! (8&%(! (8&>?%! V!
8Q#+6K&$#7! =%+! 7&*%+'! #/#6%! (8&%+! 7%! +8/! $/*6%'!
-?%!$%/$%!$(#7(!8(!7&*%+!%+!+7=/$8/+'!

44
57+!+#+6,(#7+!*/=7#$7+0!$%(6(0!%+!7&*%+!+?%!7!
.7+6%!-7*7=%+'!<(7(!$%($%(7#+!8!6#&+7(!7+7+!&7+!
$%+67+0! $%(%! #(7"#&7(7(! %+! 7&6#"%+! 2/8! 6#L8++8!
#8($\(#%!&%+!$7*$7&+7(8+!A!S+!L8G8+!8+$%&=#7(:
&7+! +%.! 7+! L8+68+'! !%(%! &?%! 68(#7(! $%($%! +8!
.8.#7(! 8! $%(#7(U! 18! %+! +7.#67&68+! =8! 1%=%(7!
2/#+8(7(!$%(868(!%!$8$7=%!=7!$8=8(7+6#7!$%(!%+!
7&*%+!2/8!-%(7(!V!$7+7!=8!E,U!
18"/&=%! %8&! #8(%&0! 7=(#6#7! 7! 7&6#"7!
6(7=#>?%!*/=7#$7!=8G!"(7/+0!=8G!%(=8&+!=8!7&*%+!A!
=(#(8#(7T! $+8#%+! 7$%=8++! A! $/(%+0! +7&6%+'!
18"/&=7T! %-7(#(! A! ('$#=%+! -8($8#(7T! %(7*#(! A!
-%(68+'! Y/7(67T! $+7+(7*#(! A! -*7(7+'! Y/#&67T!
+8(7$+#(! A! $8&68*+7+'! 18Q67T! (7*7&+#(! A!
(8&+7"8#(%+0!=8$/67=%+'!166#(7T!8*%#(!A!=8/+8+!
%/!*/#G8+'!@#67L7T!.8&!8*%#(!A!-#*+%+!=%+!=8/+8+'!
5%&7T! $+8(/.#(! A! #(7"8&+'! "6$#(7T! ;$+#(! A!
7&#(7=%+'!
5?%!$%&+67!&%+!*#L(%+!=8!#%#+6+!7!+#+6,(#7!=7!
2/8=7! =%+! 7&*%+'! 18/! $(#(8#(%! 68+68(/&+%! =':
&%:*%! %! $(%-867! B+7J7+0! 2/80! 7$%+6(%-7&=%! %! (8#0!
8Q$*7(7T! ,Y/8! 6! -8#6%! =%! 8Q76%(! =7+! 6(#.%+U! @+!
$#&+8#(%+! 8! $8=(%+! (8"%G#*7(:+8! $%(! +/7! 2/8=7'!
!%(%!$7J+68!=%!$6/0!,!N8*8*0!8+6(8*7!=7!(7&+?U4.23'!
-(7=/G#/:+8! N8*8*! $8*7! $7*7L(7! *76#&7! E\$#-8('!
"8$%#+0! 8(! +8&6#=%! 7*8",(#$%0! =8/:+8! %! &%(8! =8!
E\$#-8(! 7%! $(J&$#$8! =%+! 7&*%+! 2/8! 76#>7(7(! 7!
"/8((7! &%! $6/'! )#&7*(8&68! %! 68((%0! 2/8! +#"&#-#$7!
-,+-%(%!8!7/(%(70!6%(&%/:+8!&%(8!=%!=#7.%'!

45
<!(8*#"#?%!$(#+6?!-/&=7:+8!&7!2/8=7!=%+!7&*%+'!
@+! 2/8! +8! (8L%*67(7(! -%(7(! $(8$#$#67=%+! =7+!
8+-8(7+! 2/8! +7.#67L7(! 7%! #&-8(&%0! &%! $8&6(%! =7!
68((70! 8! 6(7&+(/=7(7(:+8! 8(! =#7.%+'! C(! =#7.%!
6(7&+-#"/(7=%! 8(! +8($8&68! 68&6%/! <L7! 8!
=8+"(7>%/! %! "K&8(%! +/(7&%'! 78+/+! L8#%! (8+"767(!
%+!+%(8&+!8!L8&$8(!%!=#7.%0!2/8!7#&=7!&%+!68&67'!
<++7!6(7=#>?%!-/&=7(8&67*0!$%&6/=%0!+,!7!(8-8(8!%!
*#L(%! 7$,$(#-%! =8! <&%2/8'! <! 7#&=7! 7++#(! (/#6%!
%/6(7!=7!6(7=#>?%!7$8#67'!
5?%!6(8$#=7!17&6%!<"%+6#&+%!.$7(67!$8&66+#(7!
&%&73!8(!(8$%(67(!67&6%!7%+!7&*%+!.%&+!$%(%!7%+!
7&*%+!(7/+!$%($%+!*#L(8+!8!'"8#+'! 8=/G#/!%!$7$7!
8(8",(#%! BB! 7! &%L8! $%(%+0! &%L8! +#8(7(2/#7+! %/!
%(=8&+! %+! =8G! $%(%+! =8! 7&*%+! 7=(#6#=%+! $8*%+!
*/=8/+'! 1?%! 8*8+T! +8(7-#&+0! 2/8(/.#&+0! 6(%&%+0!
=%(#&7>M8+0! L#(6/=8+0! $%6K&$#7+0! 7($7&*%+! 8!
-#&7*(8&68! %+! 7&*%+0! 2/8! 8($(8+67(! %! &%(8! V+!
%#6%!%/6(7+!+#8(7(2/#7+'!
-#&+7(! %+! */=8/+! &%! 68($*%! =%#+!2/8(/.#&+0!
$7=7!/(!$%(!=/7+!$7.8>7+!A!/(7!=8!.%#!8!%/6(7!
=8! '"/#7! A! 8! +8#+! 7+7+'! 8$(8+8&67(%:*%+! +%*8!
+%.! 7! -%((7! =8! /(7! $7.8>7! +%*67! $%(! =/7+!
7+#&+7+!7.7#Q%!=7+!%(8*+7+'!
=#&67(%+! %+! 7&*%+! 8! %+! 7($7&*%+! +%.! 7! -#"/(7!
=8!*%L8&+!$%(!/(!$7(!=8!7+7+!&7+!$%+67+'!Y/7&6%!
7! 6(%&%+! 8! =%(#&7>M8+0! 7#&=7! &#&"/6(! +8!
*8(.(%/!=8!(86(76':*%+'!

46
"#G! 16%'! -%('+! .2/8+6?%! $8&66+#(7! %#67L70!
7(6#"%! 9b'3! 8+67(8(! %+! 6(%&%+! 6?%! $(,Q#(%+! =8!
"8/+!2/7&6%!%+!+8(7-#&+0!$%#+!6!+%.(8!8*8+!2/8!+8!
7$+7!+8&67=7!7!"#L#&=7=8'!1$%6!$%&6%/!/(!.#*+?%!
=8! 7&*%+'! -8&=%! %! 7&6#"%! (#6%! =%+! "K&#%+! .%&+! 8!
(7/+! $7++7=%! =%! @(#8&68! V! 8(6$#7! 8! %(70!
$%&+7"(7(%:*%! 7=(#6#&=%! $7(7! $7=7! $8++%7! /(!
7&*%! .%(! 8! %/6(%! (7/'! C(! 7*/=7:7! 8! %! %/6(%!
(%*8+67:7! =%! &7+$#(8&6%0! V! (%(68'! <#&=7! &?%! +8!
8+67.8*8$8/0!$%&6/=%0!+8!8++8+!7&*%+!.%&+!8!(7/+!
(/=7(!$%&6#&/7(8&68!=8!$%+6%!%/!+?%!(8&=#=%+!
$%(!%/6(%+'!!%&+/*68:+8!+%.(8!%!$%&6%!7!1/(7!=8!
16%'!-%('+!!
@/6(%! $%&6%! 2/8! 68(! =7=%! $7&%! 7! (/#67!
$%&6(%L6(+#7! 6! %! */"7(! %&=8! +8! $%&*/&67(#7(0! %+!
7&*%+! A! &%! 7(0! &%! L'$/%! %/! &%+! 7+6(%+U! 5?%!
7$(%/L8!7!"8/+!$O(:&%+!7!$7(!=8++7+!2/8+6M8+'!

47
2"1*(3.+27(-'

)7*7(%+! =%! 7(%('! [! =/(%! $7++7(! =8! $8++%7+!


2/8!+8!.8#*7(!7!$8++%7+!2/8!+8!$%(8('!5?%!(8+67!
=\L#=7!68(8(!8Q#+6#=%!7&6(%$,-7"%+'!<&$%&6(7(%:
*%+! &7! <(6(#$70! %&=8! 6! $%++JL8*! 2/8! 7#&=7! %+!
+7*7'! 57! 7&6#"Z#=7=8! &?%! -%(7(! %+! $#$*%$8+! %+!
\&#$%+! 7! +8! 7*#(8&67(8(! V+! L8G8+! =8! $7(&8!
+/(7&7'! !%&67! 7/L8&7*! 2/8! 8&6(8! %+! 8"J$$#%+! A!
8++8!$%L%!6?%!+'.#%0!6?%!-7(#"8(7=%!$%(!+/7+!*8#+0!
8++8! $%L%! 6?%! $#8=%+%! 2/8! 7=%(7L7! $(%$%=#*%+! 8!
$8.%*7+! A! %+! 68&6#(#67+! $%(8(7(! $8(67! L8G! /(!
#&#(#"%! 2/8! *+8+! $7#/! &7+! (?%+'! 5?%! %! =#G! =8!
%/6#L7T!8+67L7!&%!<"#6%0!$%(6%!=8!-K&6#(%0!2/7&=%!
+8! $%(868/! %! $(#(8! 2/7+8! 7%+! +8/+! %*+%+'! <!
*8(.(70! 7%! (8*767(! %! $7+%0! %+! "7+$M8+! 8!
+7"/&6#&%+0!2/8!%/6(%(7!+8!7*#(8&67(7(!=8!$7(&8!
=%+!$(,$(#%+!$%($76(#%67+'!
<(! /09I! 6(%/Q8(7(:+8! 2/76(%! +8*L7"8&+! =%!
##++#++#$#! 7! )%&67#&8.*87/! A! -#L8! 7! +%&(7! =8!
-7*7(:*+8+'! N7L#7! 8&6(8! 8*8+! /(7! =7(7! =%! $7J+0! 7!
2/8(! $8("/&68#! +8! +7L#7! $%(#=%! "8&68'!
8+$%&=8/:(8! (/#6%! +#&"8*7(8&68! 2/8! +#('!
)#2/8#! /(! 67&6%! 8+$7&=7*#G7=%0! 8! 8*7! =8+$/*$%/:
+8! =#G8&=%! +8(! $(8-8(JL8*! $%(8(! %! #&#(#"%0! =8$%#+!
=8!(%(6%0!7!=8#Q':*%!+8(L#(!=8!$7+6%!V+!-8(7+3!2/8!
=8(7#+! %! L8&$8=%(! (8(8$#7! 7! $(8-8(K&$#7'! 5,+!
%/6(%+0!8(!.767*+7!$7($7*!%/!&?%0!$%(!-7+!%/!$%(!
&8-7+! (767(%+! &%++%+! L#G#&+%+! 8'! $8*7! (7#+! L#*!

48
(8$%($8&+7! $%(%+! 8(! -/&>?%! %! 8&"8&+%! =7!
(%(68'!<2/#!6!2/8!8+6'!%!+%((%('!<2/#!6!2/8!8+6'!%!
$(#(8!A!Y/8!#($%(67!2/8!=8$%#+!=8!(%(6%!+8!+8*7!
$%(#=%!$%(!/(!+%*=7=%0!$%(!/(!/(/./!%/!$%(!/(!
$?%U!
8+$8#67(%+! (7#+! %+! (%(6%+! 2/8! %+! L#L%+'!
!/($(#7! (8+$8#67(! /&+! 8! %/6(%+'! %8(! -7G8(! 7+!
&7>M8+! 2/8! $+7(7(%+! $#L#*#G7=7+! 8(! &?%! (868(!
&%! 8+$86%! %+! #&#(#"%+! L8&$#=%+'! =%(2/8! +8! -%++8!
$8((#6#=%! $%(8(! %+! L#G#&+%+0! $%(8>7(#7(! 7!
$%(8(:+8!8&6(8!+#!%+!$(,$(#%+!$%($76(#%67+0!%!2/8!
+8(#7! "(7&=8! =8+=%/(%! $7(7! 7+! L#(6/=8+! +%$#7#+'!
#7+! 7+! &7>M8+! 2/8! +%*8! +?%! $#L#*#G7=7+! &?%! %!
-%(7(! +8($(8'! -%=7+! 8*7+! -%(7(! (/#6%! 68($%!
+8*L7"8&+'!<!$%(!%!+8(!&\(8(%!=8!(8L%*/>M8+!=8!
2/8!68(!+#=%!$7*$%!%!(/&=%0!%!"K&8(%!+/(7&%!-%#!
%(7! (7#+! %(7! (8&%+! &/(8(%+%'! 1/$8=8/! $%(! %+!
+%(8&+! %! 2/8! +%*8! +/$8=8! $%(! %+! 8*8-7&68+0!
*8M8+0! 6#"(8+0! $/*7+! 8+$6$#8+! (#&%(7(7(! $%&+#=8:
(7L8*(8&68'! Y/7&=%! /(7! (8"#?%! 8+67L7! 7#&=7!
8+$7++7(8&68! $%L%7=7! =8! +8(8+! +/(7&%+! 8! 7+!
7(68+! 8(7(! (/=#(8&67(8+0! %+! +%(8&+! +8!
=8=#$7L7(!V!$7>7'!@!+'.#6%!=8!+8!7*#(8&67(8(!=%!
2/8! (767L7(! -7$#*(8&68! *8L%/:%+! 7! 6(767(! %+!
#&#(#"%+! $%(%! 6(767L7(! %+! $8(L%+! 8! *7L7*#+'! <!
+/$8(+6#>?%! -8G! #(%*7(! LJ6#(7+! +/(7&7+'! <!
&8$8++#=7=8!7+!-8G!$%(8('!
Y/7*! %! $(#(8! (7#%(T! (8/&#(:+8! (8*#"#%+7(8&68!
$7(7! $(7L7(! 8(! +%&(7! =7!"#L#&=7=8!/(7!-7$7!&%!

49
$%(7>?%! =8! /(7! (8&#&7! 8&-#67=70! %/! $%(8(! /(!
.7&=#=%!(%(6%!8(!*8"J6#(7!=8-8+7U!
5%! 8&67&6%! +'! (/#6%! (7#+! 8Q8($*%+! =8!
(8&#&7+!8!(8&#&%+!+7$(#-#$7=%+!2/8!=8!(8&#&7+!8!
(8&#&%+! $%(#=%+'! Y/7+8! 6%=7+! 7+! &7>M8+!
$%&+8$#=7+! +7$(#-#$7(7(! $(#7&>7+'! @+! */=8/+!
#(%*7L7(:&7+'! [! %! 2/8! +8! $+7(7L7! %! 7&'68(7!
/(! L8(=7=8#(%! +7$(#-J$#%'! @(=8&7:+8! &%! $7$J6/*%!
90!=%!E8LJ6#$%!&?%!+8!$%/$7(8(!7+!7*(7+!L#L8&68+!
$(%(86#=7+0! $%(6(! 8(! $%&6%! 7*"/(! +8! $(8+$(8L8!
2/8! +8*7(! $%(#=7+'! B+6%! 8(7! %/6(%! $7+%T! 6(767L7:
+8! 8Q$*/+#L7(8&68! =8! /(7! 7(87>7'! !%(%! L#(%+0!
=#++8! #%#+6+! 7%+! */=8/+! 2/8! $7+%! &?%!
%.+8(L7++8(!7+!$8(#(O&#7+0!&?%!+,!68(#7(!(%&+70!
$%(%! 7+! (?8+! $%(8(#7(! %+! $(,$(#%+! -#*+%+'!
=%+#6#L7(8&68! &%! 68($%! =8! <G82/#8*! %+! */=8/+!
=8L#7(! $%(8(! $7(&8! +/(7&70! $%#+! =#G! 8++8!
$(%-867! &%! $7$J6/*%! H9! 2/8! "8/+! %+! -7(#7! $%(8(!
&?%! 7$8&7+! %+! $7L7*%+! =%+! +8/+! #&#(#"%+0! (7+!
7#&=7! %+! $7L7*8#(%+! 8! %+! %/6(%+! "/8((8#(%+'! [!
$%+#6#L%'! "8! -76%0! $%(! 2/8! &?%! 68(#7(! %+! */=8/+!
+#=%!7&6(%$,-7"%+U!18(#7!7!\*6#(7!$%#+7!7!-7*67(!7%!
$%L%! =8! "8/+! $7(7! +8(! 7! (7#+! 7.%(#&'L8*! &7>?%!
=7!68((7'!
E#! &7+! 7&8=%67+! =7! +#+6,(#7! =7! B&"*768((7! =%!
68($%! =8! !(%()8**! 2/8! /(7! +8.8#(7! =8! "/.*#&!
L8&=#7!8Q$8*8&68+!$7&=8#7+!-8#67+!$%(!"%(=/(7!=8!
#&"*K+'! !8(67! L8G! 2/8#Q%/:+8:*+8! /(! =8! +8/+!
-(8"/8+8+! =8! 2/8! 7+! $7&=8#7+! *'! &?%! 8(7(! 6?%!

50
.%7+!$%(%!7&68+'!A!<+0!A!=#++8!8*7!A!6!2/8!8+68!
(K+! -7*67(7(! #&"*8+8+'! A! =8("/&6%! 8/T! 2/8(! %!
(7#+!$/*$7=%T!2/8(!$7++7L7!%+!#&"*8+8+!V!-7$7!%/!
7!(/*+8(!2/8!-7G#7!L8*7+!$%(!+/7!.7&+7U!

51
23$-'

<(7!%!.%#!<$#+!7=%(7=%!8(!#8&-#+!$%(%!=8/+0!
$%(%! +J(.%*%! %/! $%(%! .%#U! [! =8! $(8(! 2/8! %+!
-7&'6#$%+! &8*8! L#++8(! /(! =8/+0! %+! $/*6%+! (8(%!
+J(.%*%! 8! 2/8! %! L/*"%! #"&%(7&68! 7=%(7++8! %! .%#'!
-8('! !7(.#+8+! -8#6%! .8(0! 2/7&=%! $%&2/#+6%/! %!
<"#6%0! 8(! (767(! 8++8! .%#! $%(! 7+! $(,$(#7+! (?%+U!
=%(!2/8!&?%U!!%(!#++%!-8G!L8(!7%+!#(.8$#+!2/8!+8!
$%=#7!$7++7(!+8/!=8/+!V!-7$7!+8(!2/8!7!&76/(8G7!
+8!7((7++8!$7(7!L#&"7(!%!+7$(#*6"#%'!
B&$8&+7(7(:+8! (/#6%! %+! 8"J$$#%+'! 5?%! +8#! =8!
$%L%! (7#+! =8+$(8GJL8*'! <&$7((7$76%/:+8:*+8+!
+8($(8! &%! $7('68(! 8! &%! "%L8(&%! /(! LJ$#%! (7=#$7*!
2/8!%+!-8G!/(!$%L%!=8!868(&%+!8!L#+!8+$(7L%+'!Y/8!
68&+7(0! 8(! 6$%$7+! #(8(%(#7#+0! $%&2/#+67=%! 7!
68((7'! 57! $*7(8#(7! =%+! 68($%+! +#+6,(#$%+0! $%(6(0!
7L7++7*7(7(:&%+! 2/7&6%+! $%L%+! 2/#+8(7(! =7(:+8!
7%! 6(7.7*+%! A! 7++J(#%+0! $8(+7+0! "(8"%+0! (%(7&%+0!
'(7.8+0! (7(8*/$%+0! 6/($%+0! 8&-#(0! 6%=7! "8&680!
+7*L%! %+! $(/G7=%+0! 2/8! &?%! *+8+! $%&+8$#7(! 7!
-(72/8G7'!)%#!7!(#*J$#7!=%+!(7(8*/$%+!2/8!L8&$8/!
%+!-(7&$8+8+'!5?%!+'!67*L8G!(7#+!2/8!=/7+!$%#+7+!
+%-(JL8#+!&8++7!&7>?%T!$(#(8#(%0!2/8!7=%(7&=%!/(!
.%#! &/&$7! $%&+6(7&"8(7(! 2/8(! 7=%(7++8! /(!
(7$7$%! 7! (/=7(! =8! (8*#"#?%3! +8"/&=%0! 68(8(!
#&L8&67=%!7!$+%$7=8#(7!7(6#-#$#7*'!

52
87.7(:+8:*+8+! 7+! $#(R(#=8+'! #7+! 7+!
$#(R(#=8+! +?%! (%&/(8&6%+! =8! /(! $%L%! =8!
8+$(7L%+'! )%#! $(8$#+%! $O(! =8! .7#Q%! =8! $7&"7! 6%=7!
/(7! &7>?%0! +8(! %! 2/8! 8++7+! L#+! (7++7+! &?%!
68(#7(! +#=%! *8L7&67=7+'! Y/8! -#&7*#=7=8! 6#&+7(U!
!%&+8(L7(! 8(! /(7! $82/8&7!$R(7(7!7!(\(#7!=8!
7*"/(! $(J&$#$80! =8! 7*"/(! "%L8(&7=%(0! =8! /(!
#&68&=8&68!2/7*2/8(0!$%(2/8!7%!$7.%!=8!(#*!7&%+!
+/7! 7*(7! =8L#7! (87&#(':*7'! #7+! +8! 8+$8(7L7(! 7!
(8++/((8#>?%!=%+!$%($%+0!$%(!2/8!*+8+!8Q6(7#7(!%+!
(#%*%+! 7&68+! =8! 8(.7*+7(':*%+U! 18('! 2/8! %+!
8"J$$#%+!=8L#7(!(8++/+$#67(!+8(!$6(8.(%U!

53
23(%2,$3-&'

7/+6#&%! %! #'(6#(0! 2/8! 8+$(8L8/! $8*%! 7&%! =8!


/0:.I3! =7! &%++7! 8(70! 6! 2/8(! $(#(8#(%! -7*7! &%!
<$%$7*#$+8'! =8(-#*+7:%! 7%! 7$,+6%*%! 7%?%! %!
<L7&"8*#+67'! =8("/&67&=%:*+8! %! */=8/! -(#-?%! +8!
&?%! $(#7! 2/8! 78(/+7*6(! =8L8++8! +8(! 7*"/(! =#7!
(8+67/(7=70! (8+$%&=8/! 7/+6#&%! 2/8! +#(0! $%(%! %!
7$(8=#67L7(!6%=%+!%+!$(#+6?%+!2/8!$8&+7L7(!$%(!
7$8(6%'! ,N%/L8! 8&6(8! &,+4! A! =#G! A! ,/(7!
$8(+%&7"8(! =8! &%(8! 7%?%0! /(! =%+! =%G8!
7$,+6%*%+! =8! 78+/+0! %! 2/7*! $(8=#++8! $7++7(?%! %+!
-#6#+!(#*!7&%+!8(!78(/+7*6(4'!
)%#! %$#&#?%! $%(! (/#6%! 68($%! 7$8#67! $8*%+!
$(#+6?%+! 7! =8! /(! (8#&7=%! =8! (#*! 7&%+'! <++8!
$8(J%=%! =8+-(/67L7! =8! "(7&=8! $(6=#6%! 8&6(8! %+!
"8&6#%+'! =7++7=%+! (#*! 7&%+! (86%(7L7(! %+! $%($%+!
7+! 7*(7+! 8&6(8! %+! 8"J$$#%+'! @! (8+(%! 8+$7>%! =8!
68($%0! 86! (#**8! $8(! 7&&%+0! $8&7L7(! 7+! 7*(7+! &%!
$/("76,(#%! =8! 5#("J*#%'! <! &%L7! 78(/+7*6(! =8! (#*!
7&%+! 68(#7! =%G8! $%(67+0! 8(! (8(,(#7! =%+! =%G8!
7$,+6%*%+'!<!-%((7!+8(#7!2/7=(7=7'!!%($(#(8&6%0!
*7("/(7! 8! 7*6/(7! +8(#7(! =8! =%G8! (#*! 8+6'=#%+! A!
2/#&+8&67+! *6"/7+! A! =8! (7&8#(7! 2/8! 7+! $7+7+!
68(#7(! 67(.6(! 2/#&+8&67+! *6"/7+! =8! 7*6%'!
N7L8(#7!=8!+8(!.8(!=8+7"(7='L8*!(%(7(!&%!\*6#(%!
7&=7('! #7+! 8&-#(! 6! %! 2/8! =#G! %! <$%$7*#$+80!
$7$J6/*%!9/'!

54
18! -%#! 7/+6#&%! %! $(#(8#(%! 8(! 76(#./#(! %!
<$%$7*#$+8! 7! 1'! 7%?%0! $8(+%&7*#=7=8+! +%/L8! 2/8!
*+8!(8-/"7(7(!%!68+68(/&+%0!768&=8&=%!7!2/8!&%!
(8+(%! =#'*%"%! $%(! %! */=8/! -(#-?%! =#G! 8*8! 2/80!
$%&+%7&68! %! (8*76%! =%+! 7$,+6%*%+0! 78+/+! !(#+6%0!
=8+$8&=%!7%!7%(=?%0!-8(L8/:*+8!8!#&-*7(%/:*+8!7+!
'"/7+'!@!2/8!&?%!$%&+67!8(!&8&+/(!=%+!8+$(#6%+!
=%+!7$,+6%*%+'!
@! (8+(%! 1'! 7/+6#&%! &?%! +8+#67! 8(! $#67(! %+!
%('$/*%+! =7+! +#.#*7+'! <! $(868&=8! 68(! L#+6%! (8+6%+!
=7+! $8*7+! 8(! 2/80! &%! 68($%! =8! N8(%=8+0! -%(7(!
8&$8((7=%+! &%! -7(%*! =8! <*8Q7&=(#7! %+! +868&67! 8!
=%#+! #&66($(868+'! @! 68+68(/&+%! =8! /(! +%(8(!
2/8! 68L8! 7! ('! -%(6/&7! =8! L8(! 67#+! $8*7+! $7(8$8!
#&=#$7(!(7+!6!2/8!=8L#7!+8(!(86#=%!&8*7+'!
=%+68(#%((8&68! 16%'! B(8&8/0! 2/8! 67(.6(!
7$(8=#67L7! &%! (8#&7=%!=8!(#*!7&%+0!=#G!68(!+7.#=%!
=8!/(!L8*+%!2/8!%!<$%$7*#$+8!8(7!=8!7/6%(#7!=8!1'!
7%?%.13'!#7+!*'!+8!(8$(%$+%/!7!16%'!B(8&8/!%!+7L8(!
8+$(#6%! &?%! =8L8(8(! 8Q#+6#(! +8&?%! 2/76(%!
<L7&"8*+%+!$8*7!+,!(7G?%!=8!68(!%!(/&=%!7$8&7+!
2/76(%! $7(68+0! 2/76(%!+8(8(!%+!L8&6%+!$7(=87#+!8!
&?%! 68(! <G82/#8*! L#+6%! (7#+! 2/8! 2/76(%! 7&#(7#+'!
!+7(7! 8*8! 7! #++%! =8(%&+6(7>?%'! <(!
+#&"/*7(#=7=80! 7! =8(%&+6(7>?%! =%! 7('! B(8&8/! &?%!
-#$7!76('+!=7!L#+?%!=%!+('!7/+6#&%'!
!*8(8&68! =8! <*8Q7&=(#70! &7+! <*8$670! +,! +8!
(8-8(8! 7! /(! <$%$7*#$+8! =8! 1'! =8=(%0! 7! 2/8! +8!

55
(8$%(67L7! 8Q6(7%(=#&'(#7! (%&67'! -8(6/*#7&%0!
$7(6#='(#%!-8((8&+%!=%!(8#&7=%!=8!(#*!7&%+0!&?%!+8!
$%&68&67! 8(! 7-#((7(! 2/8! 1'! 7%?%! $(8=#++8! 7!
(8++/((8#>?%! 8! %! (8#&7=%! (#*8&'(#%! &7! $#=7=8! =8!
78(/+7*6(T! 2/8(! 67(.6(! 2/8! 8+67! 78(/+7*6(! *'!
+8!$%(8>7L7!7!-%((7(!&%!7(3!2/8!6%=%+!%+!$(#+6?%+!
=7! =7*8+6#&70! 8! 766! %+! $7"?%+0! 7! 6#&+7(! L#+6%!
=/(7&68! 2/7(8&67! =#7+! +/$8++#L%+! V+! \*6#(7+!
+%(7+! =7! &%#68'! B&-8*#G(8&680! $%(6(0! (7*!
=8+$%&67L7!%!=#7!7!$#=7=8!+8!8+L78$#7'!
<(!+8/!$(8-'$#%!+%.(8!%!<L7&"8*+%!=8!1'!7%?%!
8! &7+! N%(#*#7+0! $#67! @(J"8&8+! %+! %('$/*%+! =%!
<$%$7*#$+80! (7+! #"/7*(8&68! $#67! %+! %('$/*%+! =7+!
+#.#*7+'! 7'! 1'! "#&#+! =8! <*8Q7&=(#70! 2/8! 8+$(8L8/!
$%(! (87=%+! =%! +6$/*%! BBB0! =#G! 8(! /(! =8! +8/+!
-(7"(8&6%+! $%&+8(L7=%+! $%(! </+6.#%.03! 2/8! 7!
2/7+8! 6%67*#=7=8! =%+! 8(/=#6%+! (8*8#67L7! $%(! /(7!
.%$7!%!<$%$7*#$+8!$%(%!*#L(%!=8+6#6/J=%!=8!(7G?%'!
Y/8! 8++8! *#L(%! &?%! %! 8+$(8L8/! 1'! 7%?%0! 8! +#(! /(!
67*! !8(#&6%0! 2/8! +8! +8(L#(7! =8! /(! "(7&=8! &%(8!
$7(7!=7(!(7#+!$8+%!7!+/7+!-7&67+#7+!!
@!$%&$J*#%!=8!E7%=#$6#7!.H1:3!&?%!(8$8&+8%/!%!
<$%$7*#$+8! 8&6(8! %+! *#L(%+! $7&O&#$%+'! 1#&"/*7(! 6!
+7L8(! E7%=#$6#7! (8$/*+7=%! /(! 68+%/(%! 2/8! *+8!
-%(7! 8&L#7=%! 8Q$(8++7(8&680! 8! 2/8! 67(.6(! %!
(8-/67++8! %! .#+$%! =8! [-8+%0! $#=7=8! 8(! 2/8! +8!
=8+$%.(#(70!8&68((7=%0!8++8!*#L(%!=8!1'!7%?%'!

56
=7(7! 6%=%+! 1'! 7%?%! 7#&=7! $7=8*7L7! &7!
+8$/*6/(70! -7G8&=%! 7! 68((7! *8L7&67(! 8! .7#Q7(!
$%&6#&/7(8&68'! <&67&6%! 8++8+! (8+(%+! +8&+%(8+!
$8(6%+! =8! 2/8! 1'! 7%?%! &?%! 8+67L7! =8! 6%=%! (%(6%0!
67(.6(!8+67L7(!$8(6%+!=8!2/8!8*8!&?%!8+$(8L8(7!
%! <$%$7*#$+8'! @+! 7=L%"7=%+! =%! (8#&7=%! =8! (#*!
7&%+0! &?%! %.+67&680! (7&6#L8(7(:+8! #((8(%LJL8#+!
8(! +/7! %$#&#?%'! 1/*$J$#%! 18L8(%! .N#+6,(#7!
17"(7=70! *#L(%! 93! $+7(7! #&+8&+76%+! 8! J($#%+! 7%+!
2/8!&?%!7$767L7(!%!<$%$7*#$+8'!<-#&7*0!=8$%#+!=8!
(/#67! =\L#=70! (/#67! %$%+#>?%! =8! $%&$J*#%! 7!
$%&$J*#%! $(8L7*8$8/! %! $7(8$8(! =8! 1/*$J$#%! 18L8(%'!
"8+*#&=7=%! %! (#+66(#%0! =8$#=#/! 7! #"(8*7! +8(! %!
<$%$7*#$+8! #&$%&68+67L8*(8&68! =8! 1'! 7%?%'! 5?%!
+'0!$%#+0!7$8*7('!
<6(#./J(7(! 7+! $%(/&+M8+! (8*#"#%+7+! $7=7!
2/7*! 7! +#! 7+! $(%-8$#7+! =8++8! *#L(%'! 58*8! L#(7(! %+!
#&"*8+8+! 7+! (8L%*/>M8+! =7! 8(?! %(867&+7'! @+!
*/68(7&%+0! 7+! $%&L/*+M8+! =7! <*8(7&+7'! @+!
(8-%((7=%+!=7!)(7&>70!%!(8#&7=%!=8!!7(*%+!Bc!8!7!
(8"K&$#7! =8! !767(#&7! =8! #6=#$#+'! -%=%+! 6#L8(7(!
#"/7*(8&68!(7G?%'!
%%++/86! 8! 58)6%&! $%(8&67(7(! %! <$%$7*#$+8'!
<+! =8$*7(7>M8+! 8*%2Z8&68+! =8! /(! 8! 7+! +/.*#(8+!
=8+$%.8(67+! =8! %/6(%! -%(7(:*+8+0! 6%=7L#70! (/#6%!
(7#+!+%&(%+7+!2/8!+8/+!$%(8&6'(#%+'!

57
21&8<'21&!-9('

<&6#"7(8&680! 2/8(! 2/8(! 2/8! 6#L8++8! /(!


+8"(8=%! &/(7! 7(68! $%((#7! %! (#+$%! =8! $7++7(! $%(!
.(/Q%'! -%=7! +8#67! &%L7! 8(7! 7$/+7=7! =8! =8"%*7(!
$(#7&>7+! 8(! +8/+! (#+66(#%+'! -%=%! -#*,+%-%! 2/8! +8!
=8+"7((7++8! =7! *J(#7! =7! 8+$%*7! 8(7! $(#(#&7=%! =8!
768J+(%! $8*%+! -7&'6#$%+! 8! 8+$8(67*+M8+'! <!
$%&=8&7=%!$8*%+!$(86#&%+'!
<&7Q'"%(7+! 68(! %! 76(8L#(8&6%! =8! $(868&=8(!
&?%!+8(!%!+%*!$%&=/G#=%!$%(!<$%*%!(%&67=%!&/(7!
2/7=(#"7T! $+7(7(:*+8! 768/! 8! %! %.(#"7(! 7!
8Q$76(#7(:+8'!
<(#+6,68*8+! 6! $/*$7=%! =8! 768J+(%! $%(! /(!
+7$8(=%68'!5?%!$%=8&=%!-7G8(!$/&#(!%!$7*/&#7=%(0!
(86#(7:+8!$7(7!!7*$#+'!#7+!7!(%(68!=8!1,$(768+!6!%!
2/8!=8!(7#+!%=#%+%!68(!7!+#+6,(#7!=7!8(6$#7!!
Y/8(!$(#(8#(%!#&=/G#/!%+!768&#8&+8+!7!L8(8(!
/(! 768/! 8(! 1,$(768+! -%#! <(#+6,-7&8+0! 2/8! %+!
$%(8&67=%(8+! 7=(#(7(! $%(! 68(! +#=%! "(8"%0!
8+2/8$8&=%:*+8+!2/8!1,$(768+!67(.6(!%!8(7'!
<++8! $%867! $O(#$%0! 2/8! &?%! -%#! &8(! $O(#$%!
&8(! $%8670! &?%! +8(#7! 7=(#6#=%! 8&6(8! &,+! 7!
(8$(8+8&67(! -7(+7+! &7! -8#(7! =8! 17#&6:E7/(8&6'!
=7(8$8:(8! (/#6%! (7#+! L#*! 8! =8+$(8GJL8*! =%! 2/8! %!
=8+$#&67! =*/67($%'! <#+! %! 2/8! =#G! %! +'.#%! =*/67($%!
=8! 67*! -7(+#+67T! ,<! *#&"/7"8(! =8! <(#+6,-7&8+!

58
=8&/&$#7! %! (#+8('L8*! $+7(*76?%! 2/8! 6'! 1?%! 7+!
"(7>%*7+!(7#+!$7&7*+7+!8!(8$/"&7&68+'!5?%!$+8"7!
7!7"(7=7(!%!$%L%!8!7+!$8++%7+!=8!=#+$8(&#(8&6%!8!
$/&=%&%(! &?%! %! 6%*8(7('! 5?%! +'! 2/8(! +/$%(68!
+/7!7((%"R&$#70!8!+/7!(7*#"&#=7=8!6!#&6%*8('L8*!V+!
$8++%7+!=8!.8(4.;3'!
<J! 8+6'! A! $7(7! =#GK:*%! =8! $7++%! A! %! -7.7(#&!
2/8! 7! +(7'! "7$#8(! 68(! %! %/+#%! =8! 7=(#(7('! <#+! %!
+%(8(! 2/8! =8! *%&"8! $%&-8$$#%&%/! %! L8&8&%! $%(!
2/8! */#G8+! #&-7(8+! 7++7++#&7(7(! %! +%(8(! (7#+!
L#(6/%+%!=7!8(6$#7'!
!/(6#=%(8+0! +7$768#(%+! 8! $%+6/(8#(#&+7+! =8!
<68&7+! 7$*7/=#(7(! /(7! $%(6=#7! 8(! 2/8! +8!
(8$(8+8&67L7! 1,$(768+! +/+$8&+%! &/(! $8+6%!
$(%$*7(7&=%!2/8!&?%!8Q#+6#7(!=8/+8+!8!*7$67&=%:
+8! =8! +7L8(! (%/.7=%! /(7! $7$7! 8&2/7&6%!
8&+#&7L7! -#*%+%-#7'! C(! $%L%! $/*%! (7/! "%L8(&%!
$8((#6#7! 6?%! #&-7(8+! *#$8&>7+! .8(! (8(8$#7! %! -#(!
2/8! 68L8! A! +8(! L7++7*%! =%+! (%(7&%+! 8! +%*8! =%+!
6/($%+'!
"8(%+! /(! +7*6%! V! 7&6#"Z#=7=8'! "868&+7(%:
&%+! &7! (8$\.*#$7! (%(7&7'! @+! (%(7&%+0! (/#6%!
(7#+! +'.#%+! 2/8! %+! "(8"%+0! &/&$7! $8(+8"/#(7(!
-#*,+%-%+!$%(!(%6#L%!=8!%$#&#M8+'!<!(8+(7!#+8&>?%!
&?%! 8Q7*>7! %+! $%L%+! .'(.7(%+! 2/8! (8=(7(7(! $%(!
+%.(8!%+!=8+6(%>%+!=%!#($6(#%!(%(7&%'!"8+=8!2/8!
%! #($8(7=%(! )(8=8(#$%! BB! 2/8+6#%&7! $%(! %! $7$70!

59
2/8!%!7$/+7(!=8!768J+(%!8!=8!68(!8+$(#6%!$%(!+8/!
$+7&$8*8(!=8!5#&6#7!%!*#L(%!"%+!-(K+!B($%+6%(8+'!
#7&#-8+67:+8! %! &%++%! "(7&=8! $+7&$8*8(! =%!
N%+$#67*! $%&6('(#%! V+! $8(+8"/#>M8+T! 6! 2/7&6%!
.7+67! $7(7! *8L7(! 7! 67$+7! =8! 768/'! N%(%! =%$6/+0!
+8=! L8(/+! 76+8%+'! C(! *8+/J67! 2/8! +8! 7$+7! 6?%!
7.7#Q%! =8! <(#+6,-7&8+! 2/7&6%! <(#+6,-7&8+! %! 8+6'!
=8! N%(8(%0! /(! (#+8('L8*! $/*%! &%(8! +8! 6%(&%/!
(#=J$/*%! 8&6(8! %+! $(,$(#%+! -7&'6#$%+0! 8(! /(7!
$7*7L(70! %! *8+/J67! 87(7++80! 8(! 6%=7! "8&68! LK!
768J+67+'! [! 7++#(! 2/8! $+7(7! 7! 6%=%+! 72/8*8+!
$%&6(7! 2/8(! #&L8+68'! "8! 768J+67! 7$%#(7! 8*8!
-8%=%(%!=8!%8+#+'!)%#!8*8!2/8(!#&=/G#/!8(!8((%!7!
(8+$8#6%!=8!57&#&#'!
@! =8+"(7>7=%! -#(! =8! 57&#&#! &?%! &%+! (%L8! 7!
#&=#"&7>?%! &8(! 7! $#8=7=8! $%(%! %! =8! 1,$(768+!
$%(2/8! 57&#&#! &?%! $7++7L7! =8! /(! $8=7&68!
8+6(7&"8#(%!+8(!(6(#6%!&8&+/('!#7+!7!L8(=7=8!6!
2/8! &?%! 8(7! 768/0! $%(%! +8! $8&+7L7'! #/#6%! $8*%!
$%&6('(#%!!
-(767L7:+8! =8! /(! $%.(8! $7=(8! &7$%*#67&%0!
$(8"7=%(! 8! 68,*%"%! =8! +8/! (#+68(0! $%*8(#+67!
7$7#Q%&7=%! =7+! 2Z#=#=7=8+! 8! =%+! /&#L8(+7#+0! 86!
/6(/(! $+#(8(7! .%(.#&7&+! #&! L7$/%! $%++#6!
$%(8=8(8! +8$/&=7+! #&68&6#%&8+'! 5?%! 6#&+70!
$%(6(0!7!L8#7!=%!768J+(%'!1/7!&%>?%!=8!"8/+!8(7!
=7!(7#+!+?!8!7$767=7!68%*%"#7'!,"8/+!6!%!$(#&$J$#%!
8!%!-#(0!$7#!=8!/(!8!=8!%/6(%0!$(8+$#&=#&=%!=8!/(!

60
8! =8! %/6(%'! <68(&%! +8(! 8+67(! &%! 68($%'!
@&#$(8+8&68! +8(! +8! 7$+7(! 8(! $7(68! 7*"/(7'! 5?%!
68(!$7++7=%!&8(!-/6/(%'!<+6'!8(!6/=%!8!-%(7!=8!
6/=%0! 6/=%! "%L8(&7&=%0! 6/=%! +7L8&=%! $(#7=%! A!
B(/6'L8*0! #&-#&#6%0! #($7(6#$/*7('! 18/! $%=8(! 6! +/7!
L%&67=80!86$'4!
57&"*%(#7L7:+8! 57&#&#! =8! (8&%L7(! 8+68! .8*%!
$%&$8#6%! =8! =*76?%! 7.(7>7=%! $%(! <L8((%#+T! 2/8!
"8/+! $(#%/! /(7! $7=8#7! "(7=/7=7! =8! +8(8+! $/*%!
\*6#(%! 7&8*! +8! 767! 7%! +8/! 6(%&%! 868(&%'! B=6#7! 8(!
L8(=7=8!(7#+!+/.*#(8!2/8!L8(7G0!(7+!6?%!=#+67&68!
=%!768J+(%!2/7&6%!%!+8(!=%!&?%!+8('!
5#7*%/! $%(! %! -#6%! 8(! =#&+8#(%! 8! $%*K(#$7+! A!
#&-8*#G(8&680!$%(6(0!7!+8&=7!=7!=#+$/67!$%&=/G!7!
$%*%!$%&6('(#%!7%!=7!(#2/8G7'!8(7&*8#7(:+8!67&6%+!
#&#(#"%+! #((8$%&$#*#'L8#+! 2/7&6%+! %+! +'.#%+! %/!
$8=7&68+! $%(! 2/8(! +8! 68(>7! 7! $7*7L(7'! 58(! -%#!
%/6(7!7!%(#"8(!=7!=8+=#67!=8!57&#&#!A!!/+67(7(:
*+8! +8/! $7*%(! 8! "(%++8(#7! &7! =#+$/++?%! %! ,=#%! =8!
&?%!$%/$%+!68,*%"%+0!/(!=%+!2/7#+!A!)(7&$%&!%/!
)(7&$%&#0!7(#"%!=8!+8/+!#&#(#"%+!A!%!7$/+%/!=8!
768/!8!=8!$(8"7(!%!768J+(%'!
-8L8! 8++8! )(7&$%&! %/! )(7&$%&#0! 8+687=%! $%(!
7*"/(7+!68+68(/&+7+0!7!.7(.'(#8!=8!+/+68&67(!&7!
7$7(87>?%!%!2/8!6#L8(7!%!=8+$7(7(8&6%!=8!-7*+87('!
B&68((%"7=%! &%! .7&$%! =%+! (6/+! 7$8($7! =%! 2/8!
$8&+7L7!=8!"8/+0!(8+$%&=8/!57&#&#!7=%(7(!$%(!7!
#"(8*7! /(! "8/+! 8(! 6(K+! $8++%7+'! -%(7&=%! /(7!

61
$7*+7! =%! $+?%T! ,%7+67! #+6%4! A! =#++8! ,$7(7! $(%L7(!
2/8! 8Q#+68! /(! $(#7=%(4'! =(%&/&$#%/! 8&6?%!
(7"&J-#$%! =#+$/(+%! +%.(8! 7! L8"867>?%! 8! %!
(%L#(8&6%! 8! +%.(8! 7! &8$8++#=7=8! =8! /(! 18(!
1/$(8(%0! +8(! %! 2/7*! &?%! 8Q#+6#(#7! &8(!
(%L#(8&6%!&8(!L8"867>?%'!
@!$(8+#=8&68!8(7((%&60!2/8!8&6?%!+8!7$+7L7!
8(! -%*%+70! 6(7&+$(8L8! 8++8! =#+$/(+%! &7! +/7!
N#+6%#(8! =8! )(7&$80! +%*8! 6?%! 8+2/8$#=7'! =%(!
#&$%&$8$6JL8*! $(8*/JG%! $(868&=8! %! (8+(%!
8(7((%&6! 2/8! 57&#&#! =#++8++8! 6/=%! #++%! (7#+!
$%(!L7#=7=8!%/!(8=%!2/8!$%(!$8(+/7+?%!#&68(#%(!
<!2/8!7((#(7(!%!*/*"7(8&6%!68(8('(#%!8!76(%G!
=%! $(8+#=8&68! 8(7((%&6U! =768&68! 6! 2/8! 7!
(8+$%+67! =8! 57&#&#! %! 7.+%*L#7! =7! $(#(#&7>?%! =8!
768J+(%'! Y/8! +/$8=8/0! $%(6(X! <++8! $7#$%(7!
7.8.8(7(7:+8! 67(.6(! =8! (8=#$#&7'! <&$%&6(7(7(!
8(!+/7!$7+7!/(!+7$%!2/8!8*8!$%&+8(L7L7!L#L%!8(!
/(! L7+%! $%(! '"/7T! -%#! 7! $%&67! $7(7! +8(! 67$+7=%!
=8!-8#6#$8#(%'!"#++8(7(!2/8!%!+7$%!8(7!%!+8/!=8/+'!
<($(8+67(7(! +8&6#=%! J($#%! 7! =#L8(+%+! $7++%+! =8!
+8/+!*#L(%+!A!%!2/8!6!-7$J*#(%!8!(/#6%!$%(/(!A!
6%(7&=%! %.*8>M8+! $%(! (8+$%+67+0! #&68($(867&=%!
$%(! (7*J$#7! /(7! %/! %/6(7! -(7+8! 82/JL%$70!
8&L8&8&7&=%! 8Q$(8++M8+! #&%$8&68+'! =%(! -#(! 7!
-7$>?%! 2/8! %! $8(+8"/#7! 8Q6%(2/#/! =%+! */#G8+! 7!
+8&68&>7!2/8!%!$%&=8&%/!V!(%(68'!

62
=7(7!*/+6#-#$7(!67*!$(#(80!+7L#7:+8!(#+68(!-7G8(!
$8+7(8(! +%.(8! 8++8! #&-8*#G! 7+! $7*\&#7+! (7#+!
(8=%&+7+'! @! (8&%(! 8! (/#6%! (8&%(! #8(+8&&8!
*8L%/!7!=8(K&$#7!7!$%&6%!=8!#($(#(#(!2/8!57&#&#!
$7(6#(7! =8! 5'$%*8+! $%(! =%G8! 7$,+6%*%+! $7(7!
$%&L8(68(! %! (/&=%! 7%! 768J+(%'! 17&67!
#&"8&/#=7=8'! !%(%! $%=8(#7! 68(! /(! $%.(8! $7=(8!
=%G8! +%(8&+! 7! +8/! =#+$%(U! !%(%! $%=8(#7!
$%&L8&$8(! =%G8! &7$%*#67&%+! 7! L#7*7(8(!
=#+$8&=#%+7(8&68! $7(7! $(%$7"7(! 7%+! 2/76(%!
L8&6%+! /(7! =%/6(#&7! 7.%(#&'L8*! 8! (8L%*67&68! A!
$%(! (#+$%! =8! L#=7U! 18(#7! /(! (8#! .7+67&68!
$%=8(%+%!$7(7!$7"7(!=%G8!$(8"7=%(8+!=8!768J+(%U!
5#&"/6(0! 7&68+! =8! #8(+8&&80! 7L8&6/(7(7!
+8(8*+7&68! 7.+/(=%'! "8$%#+! =8*80! $%(6(0! 6%=7!
"8&68!+8!$O+!7!8+6(#.#*+':*%0!$%(!8*8!8&L8&8&7&=%!
*%(&7#+!8!=#$#%&'(#%+!+#+6,(#$%+!A!<!%!(/&=%0!2/8!
"%+67! =%! 8Q6(7%(=#&'(#%0! 7$8#6%/! V! $7("7! $8((7=7!
8++7!-'./*7'!
@! $(,$(#%! %7;*80! &7+! +/7+! =8&+68+! "#L8(+8+0!
-7*7!=8!57&#&#!$%(%!=8!/(!768/!A!18(L8:+8!=8++8!
8Q8($*%! $7(7! 8+6(#.7(! +8/! $7(7=%Q%! =8! $%=8(!
+/.+#+6#(! /(7! +%$#8=7=8! =8! 768/+3! 7-#((7! 2/8!
57&#&#! 8(7! /(! +%(8(! =8! $%+6/(8+!
(#"%(%+7(8&68!(8"(7=%+0!8!68(!+#=%!%!('(6#(!=8!+/7!
%$#&#?%! -#*%+,-#$7'! <&"7&7:+8! 67&6%! &/(! $%&6%!
$%(%! &%/6(%'! "8$(88&=8:+8! =%+! "#7*%"/8+! =8!
57&#&#0!8+$(#6%+!V!#(#67>?%!=8!<(7+(%0!68(!8*8!6#=%!
/(7! 7(7&68! =8! &%(8! B+7.8**8'! <(7! *#L(8! &%!
8+$(8L8(!$%(%!&%!L#L8('!=%(6(!&?%!768/'!

63
C(!+6$/*%!7$,+!+/7!(%(68!%!+'.#%!E7!!(%G8!8!
72/8*8! 2/8! 7=%6%/! %! &%(8! =8! =+#*7*d6+8.93!
8($(88&=8(7(!*/+6#-#$':*%'!#7+!$%(%!&#&"/6(!+8!
#&68(8++7! $8*7! (8(,(#7! =8! /(! #&-8*#G! &7$%*#67&%0!
2/8! $7(7! 7"(7L%! =8! +8/+! $8$7=%+! 8(7! $6++#(%!
8+$(#6%(0! $7++7(7(! 2/7+8! =8+$8($8.#=7+! 8++7+!
7$%*%"#7+'!
@!*8+/J67!N7(=%/#&0!(7#+!$/*6%!2/8!87(7++8!8!
&?%! (8&%+! 68(8('(#%0! =8&/&$#7! $%(%! 768/+! &%!
*#L(%! <6+8#! "868$6#! %+! "8+$7(68+0! <(&7/*=0!=7+$7*0!
5#$%*8!8!#7*8.(7&$+8'!Y/80!$%(6(0!-8*#G(8&68!&?%!
6#L8(7(!7!(8+(7!+%(68!2/8!57&#&#'!
#7+! L%*68(%+! V! 2/8+6?%! =8! (%(7*! 7L8&67=7!
$%(! %7;*8T! +8! +8(#7! $%++JL8*! /(7! +%$#8=7=8! =8!
768/+'! 1/.*#&+8(%+! V! $(#(8#(7! +8(! "(7&=8! 7!
$%&6(7=#>?%! 8(! 6%(&%! =%! $(%.*8(7'! @+! 2/8! (7#+!
#&=#"&7=7(8&68! +8! *8L7&67(7(! $%&6(7! 7! %$#&#?%!
=8!%7;*80!%+!2/8!$%(!(7#%(!$7("7!=8!#&*\(#7+!*+8!
=8+(8&6#(7(!7!$%++#.#*#=7=8!=8!/(7!+%$#8=7=8!=8!
768/+0! $%(! %! (8+(%! 7-8((%! +/+68&67(7(! (7#+!
67(=8! +8(! %! 768J+(%! 7! (8*#"#?%! =%! "%L8(&%! =7!
!+#&7'!
=%+#6#L7(8&68! 8&"7&7(7(:+8! &%! 2/8! (8+$8#67!
7%! "%L8(&%! $+#&K+'! 18! +%/L8++8(! *#=%! %+! 6=#6%+!
=8++8! L7+6%! $7J+! 68(#7(! L#+6%! &?%! +8(8(! %/6(7!
$%#+7! +8&?%! +8((M8+0! +8((M8+! (8$*86%+! =8!
(8-8(K&$#7+! 7%! 18(! 1/$(8(%0! "/#70! L#&"7=%(! 8!
$(8(#7=%('!

64
5?%! +8! 8&"7&7(7(! (8&%+! 2/7&6%! V!
#($%++#.#*#=7=8!=8!/(7!+%$#8=7=8!766#7'!<!&?%!+8#!
$%(%! $O=8! %! +('! %7;*8! 8+2/8$8(! /(! 8Q8($*%!
$%&$*/+#L%! 2/8! 67*L8G! L7*8++8! 7! L#6,(#7! 7! +/7!
$7/+7'!
=%(! 2/8! #($%++JL8*! /(7! +%$#8=7=8! 766#7U!
=%(2/8! +8(! /(! -(8#%! %+! +%(8&+! &?%! $%=8(#7(!
L#L8(! 8(! +7((%&#7U! =%(! &7=7! $%=8(8(! 7+! *8#+!
$%&6(7! %+! $(#(8+! +8$(86%+U! =%(! +8(! $(8$#+%! /(!
"8/+! L#&"7=%(! 2/8! $/&70! &8+68! %/! 8(! %/6(%!
(/&=%0!%+!(7*-8#6%(8+!8+$7$%+!V!*/+6#>7!+/(7&7X!
B*/+?%'! @+! */=8/+0! (/#6%! 8(.%(7! &?%!
8&+#&7++8(! 7+! *8#+! =8! #%#+6+! &8&+/(7! L#=7! $%(!
L#(0! &?%! 7(87>7++8(! $7+6#"%+! =8$%#+! =7! (%(680!
&?%! 8&+#&7++8(! 7%+! $(#(8#(%+! */=8/+! 7!
#(%(67*#=7=8! =7! 7*(70! %+! */=8/+0! *%&"8! =8! +8(!
768/+0! *%&"8! =8! $%&67(! +/.6(7#(:+8! V! L#&"7&>7!
=#L#&70!-%(7(!%+!(7#+!(8*#"#%+%+!=%+!+%(8&+'!5?%!
+%(8&68!$(#7(!&7!8Q#+6K&$#7!=8!/(!"8/+!868(&%0!
$%(%! %! 7$(8=#67L7(! $%&+67&68(8&68! 8(! +/7!
$(8+8&>7'!-8(#7(!+8(!$7+6#"7=%+!&7!$8++%7!=8!+#!
(8+(%+0! =7! (/*+8(0! =%+! -#*+%+0! &7! $%+68(#=7=80!
766! 7! 2/7(67! "8(7>?%'! <! 8++8! -(8#%! 8(7!
$%=8(%+J++#(%'!
<&6(8!%+!"8&6#%+0!$%(6(0!(/#67+!+8#67+!+%/L8!
=8+8($8>7=7+! =8! 2/7#+2/8(! -8((%$6#7+'! @+!
$6$6#$%+! =/L#=7L7(! =8! 6/=%! A! "8! 6/=%!
#&%$#&7L7(!%+!7$7=K(#$%+'!<+67L7(!$8(+/7=#=%+!

65
%+! 8$#$/(#+67+! =8! 2/8! 7! =#L#&=7=8! &?%! (86#7! 7!
$%*+8(! 6%(67! &%+! &8",$#%+! =%+! +%(8&+0! 8! 8(!
L8(=7=8!&?%!7=(#6#7(!=8/+8+!=8!8+$6$#8!7*"/(7'!
<.(#"7L7(! 7! $%&L#$>?%! =8! &?%! +8(! 7! 7*(7! =8!
&76/(8G7! +/.+67&$#7*0! (7+! (7+7(8&68! /(7!
-7$/*=7=8! 2/8! &7+$8! 8! (%((8! $%(! %! $%($%'! 5?%!
6#&+7(0! $%(! $%&+8"/#&680! %/6(7+! (6=87+! 7*6(! =7!
(%(7*! 8! =7! +%&(7'! 58(=7=8#(%+! 768/+! 8(7(! %+!
+8&7=%(8+! 8! $7L7*8#(%+! (%(7&%+'! =7(7! 2/8(! &?%!
%+! 68(8(! 8! =8*8+! &7=7! 8+$8(7(! %+! =8/+8+! &?%!
8Q#+68(! A! <(7! $%#+! %! +8&7=%! (%(7&%! /(!
$%&"(8++%! =8! 768/+! $%&68($%(R&8%+! =8! !6+7(! 8!
!J$8(%'!
57! %(7>?%! $(,! !*/K&$#%! =#G! %! "(7&=8! %(7=%(!
7%! +8&7=%! (8/&#=%T! ,Y/8! (7*! *+8! $%=8! 6(7G8(! 7!
(%(68U!5,+!#($/"&7(%+!6%=7+!7+!-'./*7+!#&8$67+!
=%+! #&-8(&%+'! Y/8! 8&6?%! *+8! 6#(%/! 7! (%(68U! 57=7!
(7#+!2/8!7!+8&+7>?%!=7!=%(4'!
Y/8(8&=%!+7*L7(!7!L#=7!=8!+8/!7(#"%!!76#*#&7!
$8(7&68!%!(8+(%!!J$8(%0!&?%!*+8!%.*867!!6+7(!2/8!
$%&=8&7(!V!(%(68!&?%!6!$/&#(0!2/8!7!(%(68!&?%!6!
&7=70! +8&?%! 7$8&7+! %! -#(! =%+! +%-(#(8&6%+0!
(%(8&6%! (7#+! -8*#G! =%! 2/8! -767*U! <! &?%!
(8$%&+8$8(7(!!J$8(%!8!6%=%!%!+8&7=%!7!*/+68G7!=8!
67#+! (7GM8+U! 5?%! +'! &8"':*%'! 58&$8=%(8+! 8!
*8"#+*7=%(8+! =%! (/&=%! $%&+8$#=%! -%((7L7(! /(7!
+%$#8=7=8!=8!+%(8&+!=8+68(8(%+%+!=%+!=8/+8+!A!
L8(=7=8#(%+!768/+0!$%(67&6%'!

66
=%&=8(7! %7;*8! 7! +8"/#(! +8! &?%! 6! 7! #=%*76(#7!
(7#+!$8(#"%+7!2/8!%!768J+(%0!+8!$(#(8!(7#%(!&?%!
+8('! &/6(#(! +%.(8! 7! =#L#&=7=8! $%&$8#6%+! #&=#"&%+!
2/8! =8*7! =8+$(8('! <! %$#&7! $%(! =*/67($%! +8(!
$(8-8(JL8*!&?%!68(!=8!"8/+!$%&$8$>?%!&8&+/(7!7!
6K:*7! ('! A! <(! 2/8! $8+8! 7! =*/67($%0! $%(6(0!
#&8"'L8*!6!68(!+#=%!#&-#&#67(8&68!$(8-8(JL8*!$7(7!%+!
"(8"%+!68(8(!!8(8+0!586/&%0!7\$#68(0!7!&?%!68(8(!
$%#+7! 7*"/(7'! B((8$/+7L8*(8&68! 6! &8$8++'(#7! 7!
+7&6#=7=8! =%+! */(7(8&6%+0! 8! 7&68+! -#7(:+8! 8(!
2/8(! $(8#7! 2/8! /(! -7*+%! */(7(8&6%! +8('! $/&#=%!
=%! 2/8! 8(! 2/8(! $8&+8! $%=8(! */(7(! -7*+%!
#($/&8(8&68'! 5?%! +'! =\L#=7! +8(! $(8-8(JL8*0! 8(!
/(7!$#=7=8!$%*#$#7=70!68(!/(7!(8*#"#?%!7#&=7!2/8!
('!7!&?%!68(!&8&+/(7'!
=7(8$8:(8! 2/8! %7;*8! =8L#7! 7&68+! 8Q7(#&7(!
2/7*!%!(7#+!&%$#L%0!+8!%!-7&76#+(%0!+8!%!768J+(%'!
@!-7&76#+(%!6!$8(67(8&68!(#*!L8G8+!(7#+!-/&8+6%0!
$%(2/7&6%! %! 768J+(%! &?%! #&+$#(70! $%(%! 8*80!
$7#Q?%! +7&"/#&'(#7'! @! 768J+(%! &?%! +8! %$M8! 7%!
$(#(8T! %! -7&76#+(%! %! 76#>7'! 1/$%&+7(%+! $%(! %!
7/6%(!=%!!%((8&67(#/(! 8(/(!87**#$7(/(!-%++8!
768/! %! $+7&$8*8(! =%! N%+$#67*'! 5?%! 8*7.%(%/! 8*8!
+8&?%! *8#+! +'.#7+0! &?%! 7$%&+8*+%/! +8&?%!
(%=8(7>?%! 8! $%&$,(=#7T! %+! -7&'6#$%+! $%(868(7(!
7+! (%(67&=7=8+! =8! 1?%! %7(6%*%(8/'! N7L#7:+8!
N%..8+! $%(! 768/T! 8&67&6%! L#L8/! 6(7&2Z#*7! 8!
#&%$8&68(8&68'! @+! -7&'6#$%+! =8! +8/! 68($%!
8&+7&"/8&67(7(! 7! B&"*768((70! <+$,$#7! 8! B(*7&=7'!
1$#&%G70! +%.(8! +8(! 768/0! 8&+#&7L7! %! 768J+(%T!

67
$7(8$8! $%&6/=%! &?%! 68(! +#=%! 8*8! 2/8(! $7(6#$#$%/!
=%!7++7++J&#%!*/(J=#$%!=8!%7(&8L8*=60!2/8(!-8G!8(!
6(7>7*+%+!%+!#((?%+!=8!W#66!8!%+!$%(8/!V!"(8*+7'!
@!(7#+!=7+!L8G8+!+?%!%+!768/+!+'.#%+!7/=7G8+!
8! 6(8+(7*+7=%+! 2/8! (7$#%$#&7(! (7*! 8! 2/80! &?%!
$%($(88&=8&=%! 7! $(#7>?%0! 7! %(#"8(! =%! (7*! 8!
%/6(7+! =#-#$/*=7=8+0! (8$%((8(! V! +#$,68+8! =7!
868(&#=7=8!=7+!$%#+7+!8!=7!&8$8++#=7=8'!
<%+! 7(.#$#%+%+0! 7%+! L%*/$6/%+%+0! -7*67:*+8+!
68($%! $7(7! (7$#%$#&7(! 8! 7.(7>7(! (7/+! +#+68(7+'!
-K(! (7#+! 2/8! -7G8(! 2/8! $%($7(7(! E/$(6$#%! $%(!
1,$(768+'!
[!%!2/8!+/$8=8!$%&%+$%'!
@!(8+(%!&?%!+8!=7L7!$%(!%!+8&7=%!(%(7&%0!
$%($%+6%!&7!2/7+8!6%67*#=7=8!=8!768/+!2/8!768/+!
8(7(! 68,(#$7! 8! $(76#$7(8&68'! B+6%! 6T! 2/8! &?%!
7$(8=#67L7(! &8(! &7! =(%L#=K&$#7! &8(! &7! L#=7!
-/6/(7'! <(7! /(7! $%&"(8"7>?%! =8! -#*,+%-%+0! =8!
L%*/$6/%+%+! 8! 7(.#$#%+%+0! 6%=%+! &%$8&6#++#(%+! 8!
2/8!$8(=8(7(!7!(8$\.*#$7'!
5?%!(8!7"(7=7(#7!%!=8$8&=8(!=8!/(!$(J&$#$8!
768/! $/*%! #&68(8++8! -%++8! (7&=7(:(8! $#*7(! &/(!
(%(68#(%'! 5?%! 2/8(8(#70! +8! -%++8! +%.8(7&%0! 68(! =8!
6(767(! $%(! $%(68+?%+! 768/+! $/*%! #&68(8++8! -%++8!
8&L8&8&7(:(8T! +8(:(8:#7! &8$8++'(#%! 8+67(!
6%(7&=%!7%!7$7+%!$%&6(7L8&8&%+!6%=%+!%+!=#7+'![!
$%#+! 7.+%*/67(8&68! #($(8+$#&=JL8*! 7%+! $(J&$#$8+!

68
8! 7%+! $%L%+! %! 8+67(! $(%-/&=7(8&68! "(7L7=7! &%+!
8+$J(#6%+! 7! #=6#7! =8! /(! 18(! 1/$(8(%0! $(#7=%(0!
$%&=/6%(0!(8(/&8(7=%(!8!L#&"7=%('!
N'! $%L%+! 768/+0! 7++8L8(7! %7;*8! 8(! +/7+!
=8&+68+! +/(! *8+! !%(d68+'! @+! $7-(8+0! +%68&6%68+0!
6/$#&7(.'+! 8! (/#67+! %/6(7+! $82/8&7+! &7>M8+!
&?%! 6K(! "8/+'! [! $%++JL8*'! #7+! #++%! &?%! 2/8(!
=#G8(! 2/8! &8"/8(! "8/+! &?%! %! &8"7(! &8(! %!
7-#((7(0! $%(2/8! &/&$7! %/L#(7(! -7*7(! 8(! 67*'!
"#G8#:*+8+!2/8!"8/+!8Q#+680!8!$(8:*%:?%!-7$#*(8&68'!
"#G8#:*+8+! 2/8! 6/=%! +8! -7G! $8*7! &76/(8G7! =7+!
$%#+7+0! 8! $(8:*%:R%! =7! (8+(7! -%((7! A! =(868&=8(!
2/8! +8*7(! 768/+! 6! %! (8+(%! 2/8! $(868&=8(! 2/8!
+8*7(!7&6#$7(68+#+67+T!&?%!+?%!&8(!$%&6(7!&8(!7!
-7L%(! =8! "8+$7(68+'! 1?%! L8(=7=8#(7+! $(#7&>7+'!
C(7!$(#7&>7!&?%!6!766#7!&8(!68#+67T!&?%!6!&7=7'!
Y/8! $%&$*/#(! =8! 6/=%! #++%U! Y/8! %! 768J+(%! 6!
/(! (%&+6(%! $8(&#$#%+J++#(%! $7(7! %+! 2/8!
"%L8(&7(0! 8! #"/7*(8&68! $7(7! %+! 8+67=#+67+! 8(!
=#+$%+#>?%0! 7#&=7! 2/8! $#=7=?%+! #&%$8&68+0! $%#+!
$%=8(! /(! =#7! %/! %/6(%! +8(! 8*8L7=%+! V! .%*6#7! =%!
$%=8('! Y/80! +8! &?%! 6! 6?%! -/&8+6%! $%(%! %!
-7&76#+(%0! 6! 2/7+8! +8($(8! -767*! V! L#(6/=8'!
<*/&68(%+! $(#&$#$7*(8&68! 2/8! +%*8! 8(! =#7! +'!
(8&%+! 768/+! 2/8! &/&$70! =8$%#+! 2/8! %+! -#*,+%-%+!
(8$%&+8$8(7(! &?%! +7L8(! &8&+/(! +8(! L8"867&68!
+8(! "8((80! &8&+/(! "8((8! +8(! =8+J"&#%! 86$'0! 8!
2/8!%!6(#"%!&?%!&7+$8!=7!$%=(#=?%'!

69
88O(86(7+! &?%! -#*%+,-#$%+! 8&*8#67(7(! 7+!
$7/+7+! -#&7#+0! $%(6(! %+! L8(=7=8#(%+! -#*,+%-%+! 7+!
7=(#68('! <0! $%(%! =#++8! /(! 7/6%(! $%&+8$#=%0! %!
$7682/#+67! 7&/&$#7! "8/+! V+! $(#7&>7+! 8! 58)6%&! %!
=8(%&+6(7!7%+!+'.#%+'!

70
621$-9('

=7*7L(7!"(8"7!2/8!2/8(!=#G8(!#(8(+?%'!
!%(%! +8($(8! +8! "/#7(! $8*%+! +8&6#=%+0!
-7$#*(8&68! #(7"#&7(7(! %+! +%(8&+! 2/8! 2/8(!
*7L7++8!%!$%($%!67(.6(!*7L7L7!7!7*(7'!N7L#7!&%+!
+/.68((R&8%+!=%+!68($*%+!8"J$$#%+!"(7&=8+!$/.7+!
$7(7! %+! +7$8(=%68+! 8! #&#$#7=%+'! "8+=8! 68($%+!
#(8(%(#7#+! 2/8! %+! +#&=/+! +8! $/(#-#$7(7(! &7+!
'"/7+! =%! 87&"8+0! 8! 7#&=7! +%*8! 8++7! $8(#(O&#7!
8+6'! (/#6%! 8(! L%"7'! "7! P&=#7! $7++%/! V! 7/=6#7'!
<(7! $%+6/(8! 8&6(8! %+! +8.(8/+! .76#G7(! 6%=%+! %+!
8+6(7&"8#(%+! 2/8! 7.(7>7++8(! 7! *8#! */=7#$7! 8! &?%!
2/#+8++8(!+/.(868(:+8!V!$#($/&$#+?%'!1%.(8!6/=%!
.76#G7L7(:+8! 7+! (/*+8(8+0! 2/8! &?%! -7G#7(! 8++7!
%$8(7>?%0!+7*L%!&7!<6#,$#70!%&=8!7!$#($/&$#+?%!8(7!
=8! *8#'! -(767L7:+8! =8! /(7! (8"8&8(7>?%'! !(#7(! %+!
+8.(8/+0! $%(%! %+! 8"J$$#%+0! 2/8! %! .76#+(%! =7L7!
7*(7! &%L7'! !%&+/*68(:+8! +%.(8! %! 7++/&6%!
<$#-R&#%0!#8(%&#=8!8!*7!88(7(7'!
7%?%!.76#G%/:+8!&%!(#%!7%(=?%'!<*#!67(.6(!8*8!
.76#G%/! 78+/+0! 2/80! $%&2/7&6%! &/&$7! +7*7!
.76#G7=%! &#&"/6(0! $%&=8+$8&=8/! 6%=7L#7! 8(!
$%&+7"(7(!8++7!$8(#(O&#7!!
<(! +#0! 6%=%+! %+! +#&7#+! +?%! #&=#-8(8&68+'!
!%&-8(8!"8/+!+/7!"(7>7!7%!+#&7*!2/8!*+8!7$(%/L8(!
8+$%*+8('! %8(! $8=%! 6%(&%/:+8! %! .76#+(%! 8(!
$(#(8#(%! (#6%! 8! $+7&$8*7! =7! (8*#"#?%! $(#+6?'!
71
!%&6/=%0! 8(.%(7! -%++8(! $#($/&$#=7=%+0! &?%! +8!
+7.8! 7%! $8(6%! +8! (8$8.8(7(! %! .76#+(%! %+! 2/#&G8!
$(#(8#(%+!.#+$%+!=8!78(/+7*6(!
#/#6%! +8! 7./+%/! =8++8! +7$(7(8&6%! &%+!
$(#(8#(%+!+6$/*%+!=%!$(#+6#7&#+(%'!57=7!8(7!(7#+!
$%(/(! 2/8! 7"/7(=7(! 7! 7"%&#7! $7(7! (8$8.8(! %!
.76#+(%'! [! 7++7G! #*/+6(76#L%! %! 8Q8($*%! =%!
#($8(7=%(! !%&+67&6#&%'! <#+! $%(%! (7$#%$#&7L7T! @!
.76#+(%! =8! 6/=%! 8Q$/("73! $%(67&6%! $%++%! (767(!
(#&+7! (/*+8(0! (8/+! -#*+%+0! 6%=%+! %+! (8/+!
$7(8&68+3!=8$%#+!.76#G%:(8!8!#(8#!$7(7!%!$6/!A!@!
2/8! 8-86#L7(8&68! *8L%/! 7! $('6#$7'! @! 8Q8($*%! 8(7!
$8(#"%+J++#(%'! =7/*76#&7(8&68! -%#! +8! 7.%*#&=%! %!
L8G%! =8! 8+$8(7(! 7! (%(68! $7(7! 6%(7(! %! .7&+%!
+7"(7=%'!
18($(8!$%&+8(L7(7(!%+!"(8"%+!%!.76#+(%!$%(!
#(8(+?%'! =8*%! -#(! =%! +6$/*%! 5BBB! %+! *76#&%+0!
+7L8&=%! 8+68&=#=%! +/7! (8*#"#?%! V+! 8'*#7+! 8! V!
88((R&#70! (8$8%+%+! =8! 2/8! 7! #(8(+?%! $/=8++8!
(767(!7+!$(#7&>7+!&%+!$7J+8+!-(#%+0!+/.+6#6/J(7(:
&7! $%(! +#($*8+! 7+$8(+?%0! %! 2/8! *+8+! $/+6%/!
&/(8(%+%+!7&'68(7+!=8!$7(68!=7!#"(8*7!"(8"7'!
=8("/&6%/:+8! 7! 1'! !#$(#7&%! +8! 8+67L7(!
(87*(8&68! .76#G7=7+! 7+! $8++%7+! 2/80! 8(! L8G! =8!
6%(7(8(! %! .7&+%0! 8(7(! 7$8&7+! .%((#-7=7+'!
8+$%&=8/! 8*8! .+8$6/7"6+#(7! +8Q67! $7(673! 2/8!
,7$+7L7(! (/#67+! #"(8*7+! &?%! +8(8(! $(#+6?+! 67#+!
$8++%7+3! 2/7&6%! 7! 8*80! 8(7! =8! $7(8$8(! 2/8! +#(0!

72
.8(!2/8!+/7!"(7>7!-%++8!#&-#&#67(8&68!(8&%(!2/8!
7!=7+!#(8(+7+!6(K+!L8G8+!$%&-%((8!%!/+%4'!
<&6(8! %+! $(#+6?%+0! =8+=8! 2/8! /(! #&=#LJ=/%!
(8$8.#7! 7! #(8(+?%! 8+67L7! #&#$#7=%'! <&68+! =%!
.76#+(%! 8(7! +#($*8+! $768$\(8&%'! =7(7! #&#$#7(:+8!
8(7! =8! (#+68(! 7$(8+8&67(! $7/>M8+0! (8+$%&+'L8#+0!
A! 7! 2/8! +8! =7L7! /(! &%(8! $%((8+$%&=8&68! 7!
$7=(#&+%! A! 7! -#(! =8! 2/8! 7! #"(8*7! +8! $8(6#-#$7++8!
=7! -#=8*#=7=8! =%+! &%L%+! $(#+6?%+! 8! &?%! -%++8(!
=#L/*"7=%+!%+!(#+66(#%+'!<++7!7!(7G?%!$%(!2/8!&%+!
$(#(8#(%+! +6$/*%+! -%++8(! %+! "8&6#%+! "8(7*(8&68!
6?%! (7*! #&+6(/J=%+! =%+! (#+66(#%+! $(#+6?%+! 2/7&6%!
%! 8(7(! %+! $(#+6?%+! =%+! (#+66(#%+! =8! B+#+! 8! =8!
<*8/+#&7'!
<++#(! +8! 8Q$(8++7L7! !#(#*%! =8! <*8Q7&=(#7! 8(!
+8/! 8+$(#6%! $%&6(7! %! #($8(7=%(! 7/*#7&%T! ,)7*7(#7!
=%! .76#+(%! +8! &?%! 68(8++8! 2/8! (#&+7+! $7*7L(7+!
$+8"7++8(!7%+!&?%!#&#$#7=%+4'!
"767! =%! +6$/*%! BB! %! $%+6/(8! =8! .76#G7(!
$(#7&>7+'!<(7!&76/(7*!=8+8*7++8(!%+!$(#+6?%+!2/8!
+8/+! -#*+%+0! 2/8! +8(! 8++8! +7$(7(8&6%! +8(#7(!
$%&=8&7=%+! V+! $8&7+! 868(&7+0! =8*8! -%++8(!
7$8($8.#=%+'! !%&$*/#/:+8! 8&-#(! +8(! &8$8++'(#%!
(#&#+6(':*%!7%!-#(!=%+!%#6%!$(#(8#(%+!=#7+!=8!L#=7!
$%(! +8(! 8++7! 8&6(8! %+! */=8/+! 7! #=7=8! =7!
$#($/&$#+?%'! <#&=7! $%&+8(L7! %! $%+6/(8! 7! #"(8*7!
"(8"70! $%&2/7&6%! &%! +6$/*%! BBB! %! /+%! 7! 68&+7!
*8L7=%!7!+/.(#&#+6(7(!%!.76#+(%!V!(%(68'!

73
Y/8(! (%((#7! &7! $(#(8#(7! +8(7&7! =8!
8Q#+6K&$#7! 8+67L7! $%&=8&7=%0! 7++8L8(7L7(! %+!
$7=(8+! =7! #"(8*7! (7#+! (#"%(%+%+'! 5%! +6$/*%! 50!
$%(6(0!#=8%/!=8=(%!!(#+,*%"%!%!*#(.%0!8+$6$#8!=8!
#&-8(&%! +/7L#G7=%0! 8! $(%$(#7(8&68! *#&=8+! =%!
#&-8(&%0!8Q6(7(/(%+!#&-8(&7#+0!$7(7!%&=8!#(#7(!7+!
$(#7&$#&+7+! -#&7=7+! +8(! .76#+(%0! 8! %&=8!
8+67(#7(! %+! $76(#7($7+! 7&68+! =7! =8+$8&+?%! =8!
78+/+! !(#+6%! 7%+! #&-8(&%+'! "8! +%(68! 2/8! =8+=8!
8&6?%! $(8L7*8$8/! 7! %$#&#?%! =8! 2/8! !(#+6%! =8+$8/!
7%!*#(.%!8!&?%!7%!#&-8(&%'!
=8("/&6%/:+8! +80! &%+! =8+8(6%+! =7! <('.#70!
$%=8(#7! /(! $(#+6?%! +8(! .76#G7=%! $%(! 7(8#7T!
(8+$%&=8/:+8!2/8!&?%'!18!+8!$%=8(#7!.76#G7(!$%(!
'"/7! #($/(7T! 8+67.8*8$8/:+8! +8(! $%&L8&#8&68!
'"/7!(/&=70!(7+!2/8!8(!\*6#(7!#&+6R&$#7!+8(L#7!
'"/7!.7((8&67'![!-'$#*!L8(!2/8!6%=7!8++7!=#+$#$*#&7!
-%#!=#67=7!$8*7!$(/=K&$#7!=%+!$(#(8#(%+!$7+6%(8+'!

74
6&,(<'6&,&:2'

=8("/&67#! 7! /(! +7$%! 2/8! 6! 7! .8*8G70! %!


+/$(8(%! .8*%0! %! 6%! &7*%&'! 8+$%&=8(:L%+:'! +8(! 7!
+7$7! $%(! %+! =%#+! %*+%+! 8Q7"8(7=%+! 8! (8=%&=%+!
8&$7#Q7=%+! &7! $7.8>7! (#&\+$/*70! 7! .%$7! *7("7! 8!
$+7670!%!L8&6(8!7(7(8*%0!%!=%(+%!$7(=%'!B&68((%"7#!
/(!&8"(%!=7!8/#&6!@!.8*%!$7(7!8*8!6!A!/(7!$8*8!
&8"(7! 8! %*8%+70! %*+%+! $(7L7=%+0! &7(#G!
8+.%((7$+7=%'! B&=7"7#! 7%! =#7.%'! "#(:L%+:'! 2/8! %!
.8*%! 6! /(! $7(! =8! $%(&%+0! 2/76(%! "7((7+! 8! $7/=7'!
B&2/#(#! %+! -#*,+%-%+'! 8+$%&=8(:L%+:?%! $%(!
7(7&G6#+'! )7*67:*+8+! 7*"%! =8! $%&-%((8! 7%!
7(2/66#$%!=%!.8*%!8(!8++K&$#70!%!6%!&7*%&'!
<++#+6#7!8/!$8(67!L8G!V!(8$(8+8&67>?%!=8!/(7!
6(7"6=#7!8(!$%($7&+#7!=8!/(!-#*,+%-%'!
A!!%(%!6!.8*%X!A!=#G#7!8*8'!
A!Y/8!L#/!%!+('!=8!.8*%U!
A!@!7/6%(!76#&"#/!+8/!-#('!
5%! =#7! +8"/#&68! 8*8! 6%(%/! /(! $/("7&68! 2/8!
*+8!-8G!8-8#6%'!
A!@!$/("7&68!76#&"#/!+8/!-#(!A!=#++8:*+8!8/'!
A!<#+!/(!.8*%!$/("7&68'!
<*8! $%($(88&=8/! &?%! +8! $%=8(! =#G8(! 2/8! /(!
$/("7&68! +8*7! .8*%0! 8! 2/8! $7(7! $+7(7(! .8*%! 7!

75
7*"/(7! $%#+7! 6! $(8$#+%! 2/8! &%+! $7/+8! 7=(#(7>?%!
8!$(7G8('!!%&L8#%!8(!2/8!7!6(7"6=#7!*+8!#&+$#(7(7!
8+67+! =/7+! 8(%>M8+0! 8! 2/8! &#++%! 8+67L7! %! 6%!
&7*%&0!%!.8*%'!
87*#G7(%+! /(7! L#7"8(! V! B&"*768((7'! E'! +8!
(8$(8+8&67L7! 7! (8+(7! $8>70! #($8$7L8*(8&68!
6(7=/G#=7'!)8G!.%$8*7(8(!6%=%+!%+!8+$8$67=%(8+'!
A! @+X! A! 8Q$*7(%/! %! -#*,+%-%! A! %! 6%! &7*%&!
&?%!6!%!(8+(%!$7(7!%+!#&"*8+8+!8!%+!-(7&$8+8+'!
<$,+! (/#67! (8-*8Q?%! $%&$*/#/! +8(! %! .8*%!
8Q6(8(7(8&68! (8*76#L%0! $%(%! %! 2/8! 6! =8$8&68! &%!
77$?%! 6! #&=8$8&68! 8(! %(70! %! 2/8! 6! (%=7! 8(!
=7(#+!&?%!%!6!8(!=82/#('!

76
6&9'=-83*&9(>'

#/#6%! =#+$/6#/! 7! 7&6#"Z#=7=8! 8(! 6%(&%! =%!


+/$(8(%! .8('! Y/8! 6! %! +/$(8(%! .8(U! 18(#7! %!
(8+(%! 2/8! $8("/&67(! 2/8! 6! %! +/$(8(%! 7G/*0! %!
+/$(8(%! 7$8$#$80! %! +/$(8(%! 7&=7(0! %! *8(!
+/$(8(%0!86$'!
!7=7!/(!$M8!7!-8*#$#=7=8!%&=8!$%=80!8!2/7&6%!
$%=8!7%!+8/!"%+6%'!
!3.5'54/"'83.5'&%&'54/"'#4&3.$'13'83%5'<3=41'
)#14+:::'
;)$1%+'7)3541'483.$$'%9%'2+%7&)13$'4%54/'
237&.$:::./:3'!
1/(%!.8(!6!%!.8(!2/8!L%+!=8*8#67!7!$%&6%!=8!
$%*7(#G7(:&%+! 6%=7! 7! +8&+#.#*#=7=80! 7++#(! $%(%!
(7*! +/$(8(%! 6! 72/8*8! 2/8! L%+! 6%(&7!
$%($*867(8&68! #&+8&+JL8*'! <#+! %+! =%#+! $,*%+! =7!
&76/(8G7! +/(7&7'! <++8+! =%#+! (%(8&6%+! +?%!
$/(6%+'!
5?%! 8Q#+68(! =8*8#68+! 8Q6(8(%+! &8(! 8Q6(8(%+!
6%((8&6%+! $7$7G8+! =8! =/(7(! 7! L#=7! #&68#(7'!
1/$(8(%!.8(!8!+/$(8(%!(7*!+?%!2/#(8(7+'!
!%&+8$8(%+!7!.8*7!-'./*7!=8!!(R&6%(0!2/8!-8G!
$%($7(8$8(! 7%+! *%"%+! %*J($#$%+! 7! )%(6/&70! 7!
5%*\$#70!7!17\=8!8!7!5#(6/=8'!

77
)%(6/&7T!A!@!+/(%!.8(!+%/!8/0!$%#+!$%(#"%!
6/=%!+8!%.66('!
5%*\$#7T! A! #8/! 6! %! $%(%0! $%(2/7&6%! &?%! +8!
7+$#(7!V!(#2/8G7!+8&?%!$7(7!68(:(8!7!(#('!
17\=8T! A! 18(! (#(! &?%! +'! L%*\$#7! 8! 7!
(#2/8G7!+8(#7!#&\6#*'!
5#(6/=8T!A!<$#(7!=7!(#2/8G70!=7!L%*\$#7!8!=7!
+7\=8!8+6%/!8/0!2/8!8(.%(7!$%(!%/(%0!$(7G8(8+!8!
+7\=8!$%=8!+7L8(!#&-8*#$#=7=80!+8!&?%!+'!L#(6/=8'!
-8L8!%!$%(%!7!5#(6/=8'!
<! -'./*7! 6! 8&"8&+%+70! (7+! &?%! +%*L8! %!
$(%.*8(7! 7.+/(=%! =%! +/$(8(%! .8('! 5#(6/=8! &?%!
6! .8(0! +8&?%! =8L8('! =8(68&$8! 7! $*7&%! +/$8(#%('!
57=7!68(!2/8!L8(!$%(!7+!+8&+7>M8+!=%*%(%+7+!%/!
7"(7='L8#+'!!%(!$'*$/*%+!8!"%670!+8(!7((#(%0!+8(!
7(#"%+0! $(#L7=%! =%! &8$8++'(#%0! $8(+8"/#=%0!
7"(#*+%7=%!$%(!/(!6#(7&%!L%*/$6/%+%!7.%*867=%!&%!
-7/+6%0! %! +%(8(! L#(6/%+%! 6! #&-8*#$J++#(%0! 8! %!
$8(+8"/#=%(! #&+%*8&68! 2/8! 7$7(#$#7! /(7! &%L7!
7(7&68! 8(! +8/! *8#6%! =8! $\($/(70! -8*#$J++#(%'!
=%=8#+! =#G8(! +8(! $(8-8(JL8*! %! +'.#%! $8(+8"/#=%! 7%!
$8(+8"/#=%(!#($8(6#&8&68'!=%=8#+!=#G8(!7(7(!7!/(!
8!=868+67(!7%!%/6(%'!#7+!8+2/8$8:L%+!2/8!*8!+7"8!
=7&+! *8+! -8(+! 8&(7"8'! 18! &?%! $%&$%(=7(! %! +'.#%0!
8&"7&7:L%+T!6!/(!$+7(*76?%'!

78
6&9'=18#('&-1)>'

<((%/:+8! "(7&=8! 8+67(=7*+7>%! &7+! 8+$%*7+! 8!


766! 8&6(8! 7+! $8++%7+! 2/8! (7$#%$#&7(! 2/7&=%0!
$7(7-(7+87&=%!=*76?%0!*7&>%/!E8#.&#6G!+8/!8=#-J$#%!
=%! (8*+%(! =%+! (/&=%+! $%++JL8#+0! =#G8&=%! 2/8!
6/=%! $%((#7! V+! (#*! (7(7L#*+7+.//3'! <-#((%/! 8*8! &%!
&%(68! =7! <*8(7&+7! 2/8! "8/+! &?%! $%=8(#7! -7G8(!
(7#+! 2/8! /(! \&#$%! (/&=%'! =*76?%! $8*%! (8&%+!
$%&$8=8(7:*+8! 7! *#.8(=7=8! =8! -7G8(! $#&$%0! $8*7!
(7G?%!=8!$#&$%!+8(8(!%+!$%($%+!+,*#=%+!(8"/*7(8+T!
686(78=(%! %/! $#(R(#=8! 6(#-7$#7*! =8! .7+8! #"/7*! V+!
-7$8+0! $/.%0! +8Q78=(%0! =%=8$78=(%0! #$%+78=(%'!
#7+! $%(%! %! &%++%! (/&=%! &?%! 68(! 7! -%((7! =8!
&8&+/(!=%+!+8/+!$#&$%!+,*#=%+0!=8L#7!$%&$8=8(!7!
"8/+!/(7!+8Q67!-%((7'!
"8#Q8(%+! 8(! $7G! %! =#L#&%! =*76?%'! E8#.&#6G0!
2/8! $8(67(8&68! 8(7! (8*+%(! "8O(86(7! 8! (7#+!
$(%-/&=%! (867-J+#$%! 2/8! 8*8'! $(8+6%/! 7%! "K&8(%!
+/(7&%! %! +8(L#>%! =8! *+8! -7G8(! L8(! 2/8! =8L8(%+!
8+67(!$%&68&6J++#(%+!8!68(!+#=%!#($%++JL8*!7!"8/+!
-7G8(! $%(! &,+! (7#+! =%! 2/8! -8G'! Y/8! &8$8++7(#7:
(8&68! "8/+! 8+$%*+8(7! 8&6(8! 6%=%+! %+! $7(6#=%+!
+8(!$%&6(7=#67!%!(8*+%('!
A!<!%!$8$7=%!%(#"#&7*U!A!$8("/&67L7(:*+8'!
A!)%#!%!2/8!$%=#7!+8(!A!8Q$*#$7L7(!E8#.&#6G!
8! +8/+! 7(#"%+'! #7+! $(7$8#(7(8&68! 8+$(8L#7! 8*8!

79
8&6(7(! %! $8$7=%! %(#"#&7*! &8$8++7(#7(8&68! &%!
(8*+%(!=%+!(/&=%+'!
@(7!8++7X!18(!8Q$/*+%!=8!/(!*/"7(!=8!=8*J$#7+!
%&=8! +8! L#L8(#7! 868(&7(8&68! +8! &?%! +8! 6#L8++8!
$%(#=%! /(7! (7>?X! !%(%X! !+7-/(=7=%! &7!
(#+6(#70!$O(!&%!(/&=%!-#*+%+!(#+8('L8#+!2/8!6/=%!
+?%! =8! +%-(8(0! 2/8! 6/=%! -7(?%! +%-(8(! 7%+! %/6(%+X!
Y/8X! =7=8$8(! 6%=7+! 7+! =%8&>7+0! +%-(8(! 6%=%+! %+!
(7(6J(#%+0! (%((8(! &7! =%(0! 8! $%(%! (8-(#"6(#%! +8(!
7++7=%! &7! 868(&#=7=8! =%+! +6$/*%+X! 18(#7! 8++8! %!
(8*+%(! 2/#&+?%! 2/8! 6#&+7! "8/+! $7(7! &%+! =7(U!
57=7!68(!=8!.%(!$7(7!&,+'!<!8(!2/8!$%=8(#7!6K:
*%!$7(7!"8/+U!
!%($(88&=#7! E8#.&#6G! &7=7! 68(! 2/8!
(8+$%&=8('! <+$(8L8/! 67(.6(! (7>/=%+! *#L(%+0!
(7+!$7*%/!%!$%&6%'!
58"7(!7!8Q#+6K&$#7!=%!(7*0!$%=8!&8"':*7!(#&=%!
/(! E/$/*%! (8-8+68*7=%! &7! %$/*K&$#70! 7$,+! *7/6%!
*7&67(! *#.7=%! 8(! $%($7&+#7! =%+! 7(#"%+! 8! =7!
7(7&68! &%! +7*?%! =8! <$%*%'! #7+! 2/8! $%&+7! 7!
$7.8>7!V!*7&8*7'!58('!%!2/8!6!%!(/&=%'!
8$/"&7:(8! $#67('! [! 8($(8+7! =8! %(=#&'(#%!
8+$#&+%+7T! &8"*#"8&$#7:+8! %! 2/8! $(8$8=8! 8! %! 2/8!
+8"/8! 7! $#67>?%0! 8! +8! 8Q$M8! 7! 2/8(8*7+'! !/($(8:
(80!6%=7L#70!$#67(!E7$6R&$#%0!$7=(8!=7!#"(8*70!2/8!
8(!+8/!$7$J6/*%!/H0!"7!!,*8(7!=8!"8/+0!$M8!8+67+!
$7*7L(7+! &7! .%$7! =8! <$#$/(%T! ,@/! "8/+! 2/8(!
7.%*#(!%!(7*!=%!(/&=%!8!&?%!$%=83!%/!$%=8!8!&?%!

80
2/8(3! %/! &8(! $%=8! &8(! 2/8(3! %/! 8&-#(! 2/8(! 8!
$%=8'! 18! 2/8(! 8! &?%! $%=8! 6! #($%68&680! %! 2/8!
$%&6(7=#G!7!&76/(8G7!=#L#&73!+8!$%=8!8!&?%!2/8(0!6!
(7/0! %! 2/8! &?%! 6! (8&%+! $%&6('(#%! V! +/7!
&76/(8G73! +8! &?%! 2/8(! &8(! $%=80! 6! 7! /(! 68($%!
(7/! 8! #($%68&683! +8! 2/8(! 8! $%=8! .7! \&#$7!
$%&*/&6/(7! 2/8! $%&LK(! 7! "8/+3! 2/7*! 8&6?%! 7!
%(#"8(!=%!(7*!+%.(8!7!68((7U4!
@!7("/(8&6%!6!#&+67&68'!E7$6R&$#%!(8+$%&=8/!
(/#6%! (7*0! =#G8&=%! 2/8! "8/+! 2/8(! %! (7*! $%(6(!
&%+! =8/! 7! +7.8=%(#70! $%(! 2/8! $%=8(%+! 7*$7&>7(!
%!.8('!<!(8+$%+67!6!-(72/J++#(7'!1/$M8!2/8!"8/+!
&?%! $%=#7! =7(! 7! +7.8=%(#7! +8&?%! =8! $7(! $%(! %!
(7*'! "8(7#+! &,+! $%++/J(%+! /(7! +7.8=%(#7!
7"(7='L8*X!
<! %(#"8(! =%! (7*! -%#! +8($(8! /(! 7.#+(%! =8!
2/8! &#&"/6(! $%&+8"/#/! *%.(#"7(! %! -/&=%'! "7J!
67&6%+! -#*,+%-%+! 8! *8"#+*7=%(8+! 7&6#"%+! +8!
+%$%((8(8(!=8!=%#+!$(#&$J$#%+0!/(!=%!.8(!8!%/6(%!
=%! (7*'! -#-?%! 8(7! %! $(#&$J$#%! =%! (7*! 8&6(8! %+!
8"J$$#%+0! <(#(?! 8&6(8! %+! $8(+7+'! <=%67(7(! 8++7!
68%*%"#70! $%(%! +8! +7.80! %+! (7&#2/8/+'! !%(%!
$%(6(! 7&68(#%((8&68!&/&$7!-7*7(7(!&8(!8(!/(!
&8(!8(!%/6(%!=8++8+!$(#&$J$#%+0!$%&LK(!&?%!*+8+!
=7(!%/L#=%+'!
<&6(8!%+!7.+/(=%+!=8!2/8!(8"/("#67!%!(/&=%0!
&?%! 6! =%+! (8&%(8+! 8+680! 2/8! $%=8! 8&6(7(! &%! (%*!
=%+! &%++%+! (7*8+T! #(7"#&7(! =%#+! +8(8+! 6%=%!

81
$%=8(%+%+!=/8*7&=%:+8!$7(7!L8(!2/8(!='!(7#+!=8!
+#! 7%! (/&=%0! 8! 7$%(=7&=%! /(! $%&LK&#%! $%(%! %+!
=%#+! (6=#$%+! =8! #%*#d(8! =7++8:(8! %! 8(66#$%! 2/8!
*+8!-7(8#!7!+7&"(#7'!
7+687&=%!%+!$*76%&#+67+0!$(868&=8/!%7+#*J=#%!
&%!$(#(8#(%!+6$/*%!=7!#"(8*7!2/8!"8/+!7$%(868(7!
7! 67(8-7! =8! -%(*7(! %! &%++%! (/&=%! 7%+! \*6#(%+! =8!
+8/+! 7&*%+0! %+! 2/7#+! &?%! +8&=%! *'! (/#6%! $8(#6%+!
=8+7*#&+7L7(7(! 7+! $%#+7+! $%(%! 7J! 8+6?%'! 8-/67!
67*!-'./*7!68%*,"#$7!8+67!%.*8>?%!#((86%(2/JL8*T!&?%!
6! =8! "8/+! %&#$%68&68! 8! %&#+$#8&68! $%&-#7(! 7!
$%&+6(/>?%!=8!/(!(/&=%!7!7(2/#686%+!#&7$6%+'!
18&6#&=%! 7! %.*8>?%0! $(8L8&#/:7! 1#(?%!
7++8L8(7&=%! 2/8! 8(! L#(6/=8! =%! $6++#(%!
=8+8($8&+%!=7!#&$/(.K&$#7!"8/+!$%&=8&%/!7%+!
#&-8(&%+!%!7&*%!2/8!$(8+#=#7!V!%-#$#&7!$8*8+68'!=%(!
(7#+! 8+6/((#$7=%! 2/8! 8+68*70! $%&6/=%0! 7!
$%&=8&7>?%!=8++8!7&*%!&?%!&%+!$7*7!%!+%-(#(8&6%'!
5?%!(8+$%&=8!(8*+%(!V!%.*8>?%!7!7L8&6/(7!=8!
=7&=%(7! =%+! "(8"%+'! B&8"7L8*(8&68! 7! +#+6,(#7! =7!
.%$867! 2/8! 8&$8((7! 6%=%+! %+! (7*8+! 8! 8(! $/*%!
-/&=%! *7G! 7! 8+$8(7&>7! 6! /(7! .8*7! 7*8"%(#7'! #7+!
8++7!67*!=7&=%(70!6K:*7!5/*$7&%!6?%!+%(8&68!$7(7!
-7G8(! $#2/8! 7! =(%(868/0! 2/8! +7L#7! -8#6%! /(!
+%(8(!=8!.7((%'!
@+!+#&=/+!&?%!-%(7(!(7#+!8&"8&+%+%+T!68&=%!
$(#7=%!%!+%(8(0!"8/+!*+8!=8/!/(7!=(%"7!2/8!*+8!
7++8"/(7(#7! $8((7&8&68! +7\=83! %! +%(8(!

82
$7((8"%/!+8/!7+&%!=8++7!=(%"70!%!7+&%!-#$%/!$%(!
+8=80!7!+8($8&68!8&+#&%/:*+8!/(7!-%&68T!8&2/7&6%!
%!7+&%!.8.#7!7!+8($8&68!$#*+%/!7!=(%"7'!
B(7"#&7(7(!%+!+J(#%+!2/80!68&=%!%!+%(8(!8!7!
(/*+8(! +#=%! $(#7=%+! &%! 2/7(6%! $6/0! 2/#+8(7(!
$%(8(! =8! /(7! 6%(67! 8(! L8G! =8! 7(.(,+#70! +8/!
(7&*7(! &76/(7*'! <! 7(.(,+#7! 8Q7*7L7:+8! $8*%+!
$%(%+'! !%(8&=%! 7! 6%(670! $%(6(0! 8(7! $(8$#+%! #(! V!
+8$(867'!@!+%(8(!8!7!(/*+8(!$8=#(7(!7!/(!7&*%!
*+8+! #&=#$7++8! %&=8! -#$7L7! 67*! (8$7(6#>?%! =%!
=7(7J+%'! A! <+6?%! L8&=%! A! =#++8:*+8+! %! 7&*%! A!
72/8*8! $*7&86#&+7! #&+#"&#-#$7&680! 7! /&+! +8++8&67!
(#*+M8+! =8! *6"/7+! =72/#U! =%#+! 6! *''! A! =7(7! *'! +8!
-%(7(0!8!*'!%+!=8#Q7(7('!"8+=8!8&6?%!%!(/&=%!6!%!
2/8!6'!
[! %! $7+%! =8! $8("/&67(! 7%+! +J(#%+! $%(! 2/8!
"8/+! $8((#6#/! 2/8! %! +%(8(! $%(8++8! =7! 6%(67! 8!
2/8!68(%+!&,+!2/8!L8(!$%(!%!$76%'!
=7(7! &%+! -%((7((%+! 7%! 66=#%0! +7*68(%+! =%!
2/7(6%! $6/! 7%! 1('! %%*#&".(%&8'! <+68! +%(8(0!
#&$%&68+67L8*(8&68! "8&#7*0! =8/! 7%! $6*8.(8! =%$8!
+8/! $*7&%! =8! 6/=%! 8+6'! .8(0! 2/8! =8! -76%! *'! L8(!
$7*7L(7! $%(! $7*7L(7! &7+! %.(7+! $,+6/(7+! =8!
%%*#&".(%&80! 8! 2/8! 7&68(#%((8&68! #&+8(#(7!
1+7-68+./(;! 8(! +8/+! !7(7$68(J+6#$%+'! E8#7:+8! %!
$7$J6/*%!=8+68!*#L(%!=8=#$7=%!7%+!(%(7*#+67+'!E'!+8!
8&$%&6(7('T!

83
,N'! (/#6%! 2/8! (8+$%&=8(! 7! 8++7+! *7(\(#7+!
+%.(8! =8-8#6%+! =7! &76/(8G7'! !%(%! +7#/! 6?%!
#($%68&68! 8! -7*+7! =7+! (?%+! =8! /(! +8(! $8(-8#6%U!
#7+!8/!&8"%!2/8!7!&76/(8G7!+8*7!#($8(-8#67'''!1/7!
.8*8G7! (8+/*67! =7+! $%&6(7(#8=7=8+'! "8! $8($66/%!
$%(.768! &7+$8! 7! $%&$,(=#7! /&#L8(+7*'''! [! $(8$#+%!
2/8! $7=7! +8(! +8*7! #(%*7=%! 7! %/6(%+T! %+! L8"867#+!
7%+! 7&#(7#+0! %+! 7&#(7#+! V! 68((7'''! "8(7#+! &?%!
+8('! $%(! 7(%(! =8! (#+8('L8*! L8((8! 2/8! 7+! *8#+! =%!
$%=8(!$8&6(7*!8!=7!"(7L#67>?%0!=8!2/8!=8$%((8(!%!
$8+%! 8! %! (%L#(8&6%! =%+! $%($%+! $8*8+68+0! +8(?%!
$8(6/(.7=7+'!##+8('L8*!L8((8!2/80!$%(!(/#6%!.8(!
$(%68"#=%!2/8!8+68*7!$%(!8++7+!*8#+0!*%&"8!&?%!8+6'!
%!=#7!8(!2/8!$%(!8*7+!(8+(7+!+8('!(8=/G#=%!7!$,!
=8!6(72/84'!
%%*#&".(%&80! 1+7-68+./(;! 8! =%$8! A! *7$#='(#%!
=%+! $(#(8#(%+! A! &?%! +%*L8(! 7! 2/8+6?%! (8*+%(!
2/8! %+! %/6(%+'! 18/! 6/=%! 8+6'! .8(! &?%! =#G! +8&?%!
2/8!%!6%=%!6!(8"#=%!$%(!*8#+!#(/6'L8#+'!Y/8(!&?%!
+7.8! =#++%U! =7(7! &#&"/6(! 6! &%L#=7=8! +7.8(0!
=8$%#+! =%+! &86%+0! 2/8! 7+! (%+$7+! -%(7(! -8#67+!
$7(7!+8(!$%(#=7+!$8*7+!7(7&+7+0!7+!7(7&+7+!$8*7+!
7&=%(#&+7+0!7+!7&=%(#&+7+!$8*7+!$8"7+0!7+!$8"7+!
$8*7+! '"/#7+0! 7+! '"/#7+! $7(7! +8(! (%(67+! $8*%+!
+%(8&+0! %+! +%(8&+! $7(7! (767(:+8! /&+! 7%+!
%/6(%+0! +8(! $%(#=%+! $8*%+! L8((8+! 8! 8(! +8"/#=7!
$8*%!=#7.%'!
<#+! 7J! %(=8(! &J6#=7! 8! $%&+67&68! 8&6(8! %+!
7&#(7#+! =8! 6%=7+! 7+! 8+$6$#8+'! <(! 6/=%! 8Q#+68!

84
%(=8('! Y/7&=%! +8! -%((7! /(! $'*$/*%! 8(! (#&+7!
.8Q#"70! L8(#-#$7:+8! /(7! (8$R&#$7! 7=(#('L8*'!
=%/$%! 7! $%/$%! 7$7(8$8(! &%! +7&"/8! +/$%+!
$7*$/*%+%+0!2/8!+8!-#*6(7(!&%+!(#&+0!$7++7(!$8*7+!
/(668(8+0! $78(! &7! .8Q#"7! 8! 7*#! +8! =8$%+#67(! 8(!
L#(6/=8! =8! 8Q$8*8&68! 76(7>?%! &8)6%&#7&73! -%((7:
+8! 7! $%&$(8>?%0! 2/8! $(8+$80! 8! 8/! +%-(%! =%(8+! (#*!
L8G8+! $#%(8+! 2/8! 7! (%(680! $%(! (7#+!
(7(7L#*+%+7(8&68!%(=8&7=%!2/8!8+68*7!%!(/&=%'!
C(! $#(/("#?%! 2/8! 7$8(-8#>%%/! 7! 7(68! #&L8&67=7!
$%(! -/.7*$7#&! 8&68((7:(8! /(! -8((%! 7"/=%! 8!
6(#&$+7&68!&%!$8(#&8/0!7"7((7!%!$'*$/*%!$%(!+/7+!
68&7G8+T! $%(! /(! (8$7&#+(%! &8$8++'(#%0! 7! $8=(7!
+8! =8+-7G! +%.! +8/+! 8+-%(>%+'! <! $8*%! (8+(%!
(8$7&#+(%! &8$8++'(#%! 8&6(8"%! 7! 7*(7! 7%! =#7.%!
8(!(8#%!=8!6%((8&6%+!(8=%&+%+'!-/=%!#++%!8+6'!
.8('! -/=%! #++%! 6! $%&+82ZK&$#7! 8L#=8&68! =%+!
#&7*68('L8#+! $(#&$J$#%+! -J+#$%+'! 8$%&+8>%:%'! #7+0!
$%(%!L,+0!*'!%!+7.#7!!
18! -O++8(%+! #&+8&+JL8#+0! &7=7! +7L8(#7! 2/8!
=#G8(! 7! 8+67! -J+#$7'! 5?%! +8! 6(767! =#++%0! $%(6(!
=8("/&6%:L%+!+8!&?%!8Q#+68(!(7*8+!+8&+JL8#+0!8!=8!
%&=8! $(%LK8('! ,5?%! 8Q#+68(! (7*8+4! A! =8$(867!
=%$8! 8(! +/7! 2/7(67! 8$J+6%*7! 7$8($7! =%! 6/=%!8+6'!
.8('!,@/0!+8!%+!+'!$7(6#$/*7(8+0!$%($M8(!%!.8(!
"8(7*4'!
1#&"/*7(! .8(! "8(7*0! $%&+6#6/J=%! =8! $'*$/*%+0!
"%670!=8!6%=%+!%+!$(#(8+0!=8!6%=%+!%+!+%-(#(8&6%+0!
=7!(%(68!8!=7!$%&=8&7>?%'!

85
<! 2/8=7! =%! +%(8(! 6! %! 8($*7+6%! 2/8!
7$*#$7(%+! 7! 6%=7+! 8++7+! =%8&>7+! $7(6#$/*7(8+! =%!
$%($%!8!=%!8+$J(#6%0!2/8!L,+!$+7(7#+!+7\=8!"8(7*'!
#7+! 1+7-68+./(;! 8! %%*#&".(%&8! 8+$7(&8$8(! =%!
$8$7=%! %(#"#&7*'! =%$8! &?%! +8! =#"&7! (8&$#%&':*%'!
[!8L#=8&68!2/8!67*!+#+68(7!+%*7$7!7!(8*#"#?%!$(#+6?!
&%+!7*#$8($8+0!8!&?%!8Q$*#$7!$%#+7!7*"/(7'!
5%!8&67&6%!-%#!+'!$%/$%!7$(%L7=%!$%(!(/#6%+!
68,*%"%+0! 2/8! =8! .%(! "(7=%! 7=(#68(! %+!
$%&6('(#%+'! <++#(! +8&=%0! 7! &#&"/6(! 6! $(8$#+%!
#&L8*7(! %! $%&+%*%! =8! (7$#%$#&7(! $%(%! (8*+%(!
$/=8(! +%.(8! %! =#*\L#%! =8! (7*8+! 2/8! &%+!
7++%.8(.7'! 7/+6%! 6! $%&$8=8(! 7%+! =%8&68+! +8(!
8+$8(7&>7!2/8!$%(7(!%!2/8!2/#+8(8('!!+8"%/:+8!
766! 7! $(868&=8(! +8(! 8++8! +#+68(7! $%&+%*7=%('!
,"8/+4! A! *8$#%&7! =%$8! A! LK! $%(! %+! (8+(%+!
%*+%+! (%((8(! %! +8(,#! 8! %! $7(=7*0! $(8$#$#67(:+8! &7!
(/J&7! /(! '6%(%! %/! (#*! $*7&867+0! -%((7(:+8! /(!
(/&=%!%/!/(7!.%*+7!=8!+7.?%4'!
"8*#$#%+7! $%&+%*7>?%X! 5?%! +8&6#+! "(7&=8!
*8&#6#L%!$%(!%!=8$(86%!=%!+('!1+7-68+./(;0!2/8!=#G0!
"8/+! &?%! L7#! (%=#-#$7(! +/7+! *8#+! 868(&7+! $%(! /(!
(#+8('L8*! L8((8! $%(%! %! +%(8(U! !%&L8&+7:+8!
$%&6/=%! 68(! 8++8! L8((8! =#(8#6%! =8! *7(8&67(:+8!
+/(#*=8(8&68! 8! *7(8&67&=%:+8! =#*#"8&$#7(!
$%($(88&=8(! $%(! 2/8! 67#+! *8#+! 868(&7+! &?%! -%(7(!
-8#67+!$7(7!.8(!=8!6%=%+'!

86
@! +#+68(7! =%! 6/=%! 8+6'! .8(! 7$(8+8&67! %!
7/6%(! =7! &76/(8G7! $%(%! /(! =6+$%67! $%=8(%+%! 8!
(7/0! $%/$%! +8! #&$%(%=7&=%! 2/8! +8/+! $7$(#$+%+!
$/+68(! 7! L#=7! 7! (#*+7(8+! =8! +8(8+! +/(7&%+0!
8&2/7&6%! %+! (8+67&68+! 7((7+67(! +8/+! =#7+! &7!
$8&\(#7!8!&7!=%('!
E%&"8! =8! $%&+%*7(0! 7! 68%(#7! =%! (8*+%(! =%+!
(/&=%+!$%++JL8*!6!=8+8+$8(7=%(7'!@!$(%.*8(7!=%!
.8(! 8! =%! (7*! $8((7&8$8! /(! $7%+! #&8Q6(#$'L8*!
$7(7!6%=%+!72/8*8+!2/8!$8(2/#(8(!=8!.%7!-6'!=7(7!
%+! $%*8(#+67+0! 6! /(! (%6#L%! =8! $+#+68T! +?%!
-%(>7=%+!.(#&$7&=%!$%(!%+!$(,$(#%+!"(#*+M8+'!=7(7!
%! $%L%! &?%! $8&+7&680! 6! %! $7+%! =8! $8#Q8+!
6(7&+$%(67=%+! =8! /(! (#%! $7(7! /(! (8+8(L76,(#%3!
&?%! 7*#(8&67(! 7! (8&%(! #=6#7! 2/8! 8+6?%! 7*#! $7(7!
+8(!$%(#=%+!&7!2/7(8+(7'!
57=7! +7.8(%+! =%! $%(2/K! =%! &%++%! =8+6#&%'!
!/($(8! +/.$%(! 7%! -#(! =8! 2/7+8! 6%=%+! %+!
$7$J6/*%+! =7! (867-J+#$7! 7+! =/7+! *86(7+! =%+! */#G8+!
(%(7&%+0! 2/7&=%! &?%! 8&68&=#7(! /(7! $7/+7T! 5'!
E'0!&%&!*#2/860!A!&?%!6!$*7(%'!

87
%2#&$2'#(-'2%("1&%$9&"1(-'

N'! (/#6%! 2/8! +8! $(K8(! %+! 7$%&68$#(8&6%+!


8&$7=87=%+! /&+! 7%+! %/6(%+! $%(! #&L8&$JL8*!
-767*#=7=8! A! %! "8+6#&%! A! 2/8! 6! 8(! N%(8(%!
+/$8(#%(! 7%! $(,$(#%! 7\$#68('! 18(! (8-%*+%+!
$%&-8++7L7! %! +%.8(7&%! =%+! =8/+8+! 8! =%+! +%(8&+!
&?%! $%=8(! #($8=#(! 2/8! +8/! -#*+%! 17($6=%&!
(%((8++8! &%! $(7G%! $(88+67.8*8$#=%'! 5%! (%(8&6%!
8(! 2/8! =8L#7! &7+$8(! 17($6=%&! &7+$8(70! &8(!
$%=8(#7!=8#Q7(!=8!+8(!7++#('!5?%!$%=#7!(%((8(!8(!
%/6(%! */"7(! +8&?%! =#7&68! =8! -(,#7'! 5?%! $%=#7! +8(!
8&68((7=%! +8&?%! 8(! EJ$#7'! 18/! $%($%0! &%! $(7G%!
$(88+67.8*8$#=%0! $(%=/G#(#7! *8"/(8+! 2/8! +8!
6(7&+(/=7(#7(! 8(! +/.+6R&$#7! =8! 7*"/&+!
*#$#8&+8+'!18/+!+8(=8#(%+!+7L8(#7(!=8!8+67.8*8$8(!
&%L7! %(=8(! 8(! +8/+! 8+67=%+'! <++7! &%L7! %(=8(!
#&-*/#(#7! &%+! (8#&%+! L#G#&+%+'! "%! 2/8! (8+/*67(#7(!
&%L7+! =#+$%+#>M8+! =8! "/8((7! 8! $7G! $%(! %+!
L#G#&+%+! =%+! L#G#&+%+! =8! E#$#7'! <! 7++#(!
+/$8++#L7(8&68! %! =8+6#&%! =7! 68((7! =8$8&=8/! =7!
(%(68! =8! 17($6=%&0! 7! 2/7*! =8$8&=8/! =8! %/6(%!
7$%&68$#(8&6%0! 2/8! $%(! +8/! 6/(&%! +8! 767! $%(!
#&68((6=#%!=8!%/6(%+!V!%(#"8(!=7+!$%#+7+'!
-#L8++8! /(! \&#$%! =8++8+! -76%+! 7$%&68$#=%!
=#-8(8&68(8&680! %/6(%! -%(7! %! (/&=%'! @(70!
#($%++JL8*! 2/8! %! (/&=%! 76/7*! 8Q#+6#++8! 8! &?%!
8Q#+6#++8! 7%! (8+(%! 68($%T! $%(67&6%! #($%++JL8*!

88
-%(7! 7! 7\$#68(! +7*L7(! 7! L#=7! =%! -#*+%0! $%(! (/#6%!
7\$#68(!2/8!-%++8'!
"#G:+8! 2/8! 8+68! +#+68(7! =7! &8$8++#=7=8! 8!
-767*#=7=8! #&L8&6%/:%! E8#.&#6G! 8(! &%++%+! =#7+0!
$+7(7&=%:*+8! (7G?%! +/-#$#8&68'! <&6(867&6%! 6!
7&6#2/J++#(%'!5?%!6!=8!+%*8!2/8!&?%!+'!8-8#6%!+8(!
$7/+7! 8! 2/8! (/#67+! L8G8+! 7! (7#+! #&+#"&#-#$7&68!
=7+!$7/+7+!$(%=/G!%+!(7#%(8+!8-8#6%+'!
!%&67! %! +('! %%*#&".(%&8! 2/8! *+8!
$(%$%($#%&7(7(! %$7+#?%! =8! $%&$8(67(! %! 6(767=%!
$7(6#$/*7(! =7! (7#&+7! <&7! $%(! E/J+! cB5! 7+!
2/8+6#\&$/*7+! =7! +(7'! #7(*.%(%/"+! 8! =7! +(7'!
#7++7('!<++8!6(767=%!$%&=/G#/!V!$7G!=8!C6(8$+6'!
<! $7G! =8! C6(8$+6! -#((%/! )#*#$8! 5! &%! 6(%&%! =8!
<+$7&+7'! )#*#$8! 5! $%&2/#+6%/! 5'$%*8+! 8! 1#$J*#7! V!
-(8&68! =7! $7+7! =7! D/+6(#7'! "8L8! %! $(J&$#$8! 2/8! 6!
76/7*(8&68! (8#! =8! 5'$%*8+! +8/! 6(%&%! V! +(7!
#7+.7('! 5?%! %! +8(#70! 67*L8G! &8(! 8Q#+6#++80! +8! 7!
=/2/8+7! =8! #7(*.%(%/"+! 6#L8++8! +#=%! (7#+!
$%($*7$8&68! $7(7! $%(! 7! (7#&+7! =8! B&"*768((7'!
1/7! 8Q#+6K&$#7! =8$8&=#7! 8(! 5'$%*8+! =8! /(7!
6%*#$8! 7! (7#+! %/! 7! (8&%+! &7! $%(68! *%&=(#&7'!
<Q7(#&7#!7!+#6/7>?%!=8!6%=%+!%+!$%L%+!=%!(/&=%T!
6!%!2/8!6!$%(!-%(>7!=8!/(7!+6(#8!=8!7$%&68$#(8&:
6%+! 7$7(8&68(8&68! #&+/*7=%+0! $%(6(! (87*(8&68!
.7(7>7=%+! 8(! J&6#(%! 8(7(7&+7(8&6%'! 1?%! 6/=%!
(%=7"8&+0! $%*6+0! $7.%+0! (%*7+! =8++7! ('2/#&7!
$%*%++7*'!

89
@! (8+(%! +/$8=8! &7! %(=8(! -J+#$7'! C(! L8&6%!
2/8! +%$(8! =%! -/&=%! =7! D-(#$7! %/! =%+! (7(8+!
7/+6(7#+!7$7((867!$7(68!=7!76(%+-8(7!7-(#$7&7!2/8!
(8$7#! 8(! $+/L7! &%+! =8$*JL#%+! =%+! <*$8+'! <++7+!
$+/L7+! -8$/&=7(! &%++7+! 68((7+'! 5%++%! L8&6%! =%!
&%(680! $%(! +/7! L8G0! *8L7! &%++%+! L7$%(8+! =72/#!
$7(7! %! $%&6#&8&68! &8"(%'! 5,+! .8&8-#$#7(%+! 7!
8/#&6! 8! 7! 8/#&6! &%+! .8&8-#$#7'! <! $7=8#7! +8!
8+68&=8!=8!$7.%!7!$7.%!=%!(/&=%'!
=7(8$8:(8! $%&6/=%! 7./+7(:+8! =8(7#+! =8++8!
$(#&$J$#%'! !%&$*/#:+8! &?%! +7L8(! 8! (7#+! J&-#(%!
'6%(%!2/8!&?%!68&+7!#&-*/J=%!&7!=#+$%+#>?%!76/7*!
=%!(/&=%!#&68#(%'!Y/8!&?%!+'!%!(8&%(!7$#=8&680!
2/8(!8&6(8!%+!+%(8&+0!2/8(!8&6(8!%+!7&#(7#+0!2/8!
&?%! +8*7! 7&8*! 8++8&$#7*! =7! "(7&=8! $7=8#7! =%!
=8+6#&%'!
<&68&=%! 8/T! 6%=%! 8-8#6%! 68(! 8L#=8&68(8&68!
+/7! $7/+70! (8(%&67&68! =8! $7/+7! 8(! $7/+7! 766! %!
7.#+(%! =7! 868(&#=7=8'! #7+! &8(! 6%=7! $7/+7!
6(7&+(#68! +8/! 8-8#6%! 766! %! -#(! =%+! +6$/*%+'! -%=%!
7$%&68$#(8&6%! =8$%((8! /(! =8! %/6(%0! 7=(#6%'! @!
$(8+8&68! +7#! =%! $7++7=%'! @! -/6/(%! +7#('! =%!
$(8+8&68'!-/=%!68(!$7#'!#7+!&8(!6/=%!68(!-#*+%+'!
=(8$#+7(8&68! $%(%! &/(7! '(L%(8! "8&87*,"#$7T!
6%=7!-7(J*#7!(8(%&670!$%(%!6!+7.#=%0!7!<=?%0!(7+!
&7! -7(J*#7! (/#6%+! #&=#LJ=/%+! (%((8(! +8(! =8#Q7(!
$%+68(#=7=8'!

90
<Q#+68! /(7! '(L%(8! "8&87*,"#$7! =%+! 7$%&68$#:
(8&6%+'! B&$%&68+67L8*(8&68! %+! +7.#67&68+! =7+!
8'*#7+! 8! =8! <+$7&+7! =8+$8&=8(! =8! 8%(8(! 8! %+!
(/++%+! =8! #7"%"/80! +8/! #((?%! (7#+! &%L%T!
8&$%&6(7:+8! 8+67! "8&87*%"#7! 8(! 67&6%+! *#L(%+!
(7>/=%+X! 58++8! $60! &?%! +'! &8"7(! =8L8((%+! 7!
#7"%"/8! %+! +8++8&67! (#*! (/++%+! 8(! 7((7+! +%*8!
V+! $%(67+! =7! =%(8(R&#7! 8! %+! +8++8&67! (#*!
-(7&$8+8+! 2/8! $%(.768(! &7+! 7.7+! =8! )(7&$-%(6'!
#7+!2/8!#7"%"/8!+7*7!8Q$8$6%(7=%!V!=#(8#67!%/!V!
8+2/8(=7!7%!$6!=%!!'/$7+%0!68&+7!=7=%!=/7+!%/!
6(K+!L%*67+!8(!(8=%(!=8!/(!$%>%0!+7*7!=%((#=%!=%!
*7=%! 8+2/8(=%! %/! =#(8#6%0! &?%! L8*%! $%(%! $%++7!
#++%! 68(! #&-*/J=%! $7$#67*(8&68! &7! (8+%*/>?%!
6%(7=7! $8*7! #($8(76(#G! =7! \++#7! <*#G7.868! =8!
8&L#7(! /(! 8Q6($#6%! 8(! +%$%((%! =7! #($8(76(#G!
(%(7&7!#7(#7!-8(8+7'!Y/8!(8/!$?%!+%&+8!%/!&?%!
2/7&=%! =%((80! &?%! $8($8.%! 2/8! (8*7>?%! $%=8('!
68(! 6?%! #($%(67&68! -76%! $%(! %+! &8",$#%+! =%! "(?%!
(%"%*'!
[! &8$8++'(#%! 768&67(! 8(! 2/8! &8(! 6/=%! 6!
$+8#%! &7! &76/(8G7! 8! 2/8! &8(! 6%=%! (%L#(8&6%! +8!
6(7&+(#68!$%&+8$/6#L7(8&68!766!=8+$(8L8(!7!L%*67!
7%! (/&=%'! E7&$8:+8! &^'"/7! /(! $%($%! =8! (8+(7!
=8&+#=7=8'! )7$#*(8&68! +8! $%($(88&=8('! 2/8! 7%!
$7.%! =8! 7*"/(! 68($%! 7++#(! %! (%L#(8&6%! =%!
$%($%! $%(%! 72/8*8! 2/8! $%(/&#$%/! V! '"/7! +8!
8Q6#&"/8('!@!(%L#(8&6%!$%&+%(8:+8!8!(8$7(7:+8'!
=%(! $%&+8"/#&68! %! (%L#(8&6%! 2/8! $%++7! 68(!
$(%=/G#=%! #7"%"/8! 8+$7((7&=%! &/(! $%>%! &?%!

91
$%=8! 68(! #&-*/K&$#7! &%! 2/8! +%*8! +8! $7++7'! &7!
\++#7! 8! &7! =(\++#7'! 58(! 6%=%+! %+! 7$%&68$#(8&:
6%+! $(866(#6%+! +?%! $7#+! =%+! 7$%&68$#(8&6%+!
$(8+8&68+'! -%=%! 7$%&68$#(8&6%! 76/7*! $(%L6(! 8(!
*#&+7+! =#(867+! =%! $7++7=%'! =%(6(! (#*+7(8+! =8!
*#&+7+! $%*768(7#+! +'! 2/8! 8(! &7=7! %+! #&68(8++7('!
8$#67(%+T! 6/=%! 68(! $7#0! (7+! &8(! 6/=%! 68(!
-#*+%+'! 86%(&7(8(%+! 7%! 7++/&6%! 7%! -7*7(! =%!
"8+6#&%'!

92
%2*)1&*'

<! $7*7L(7! "(8"7! #($(8++?%0! "(7L/(7'! [! %! 2/8!


8(! &,+! "(7L%/! 7! &76/(8G7'! =%=8(%+! 7$7"':*%U!
-(7&+$8&=8&67*! 2/8+6?%'! 18! 68&+%! %! &7(#G! =8!
8+$%&+%! 8! %*+%+! =8! "76%0! $%++%! 8+$%&=K:*%+! +%.!
/(7!('+$7(7'!=%=8(8#!8&$%.(#(!(8*+%(!%!$7('68(U!
<$(8+8&67:+8!$8(7&68!)(7&$#+$%!B!=8!)(7&>70!7!
-#(! =8! 2/8#Q7(:+8! =8! /(7! $(868(#>?%0! /(!
#&=#LJ=/%! =8! &76/(7*! L#%*8&6%! 8! #($86/%+%'! @!
+8(.*7&68! =%! $(J&$#$80! 7! $%+6/(7! (8+$8#6%+7! =%+!
$%(68+?%+0! %! *%$7*! (8+(%! #($(8++#%&7(:&%!
-/&=7(8&68'!#72/#&7*(8&68!.7#Q7!%+!%*+%+0!7!L%G!
(/=8! +8! 7.(7&=7! 8! -7G! %! $8=#=%! +/(#*=8(8&68'!
!(8(:+8:#7!&7+$#=%!6?%!(7&+%!2/7&6%!%+!$%(68+?%+!
8(! (8#%! =%+! 2/7#+! $7(8$8! 2/7+8! =8+$%&+8(67=%'!
<&6(867&6%! -7$#*(8&68! =8+$%.(8! )(7&$#+$%! B! 8(!
+8/+! %*+%+! .7#Q%+0! $%(6(! 7$8+%+! =8! /(! -%"%!
+%(.(#%0! &%+! (\+$/*%+! (868+%+! =%! (%+6%0! &%+!
*'.#%+!$%&6(7$8((7=%+0!2/8!8++8!+%(8(!&?%!6!6?%!
+/(#*=8! $%(%! 7$7(8&67'! <++8! +%(8(!
7$%($7&+7:%! 7! ='L#70! 6! 7$(#+#%&7=%! $%(! 8*8! 8!
$%(! 8*8! *8L7=%! $7(7! #7=(#'! 7'! &?%! *+8! #&-/&=8! 7!
(8+(7! #($(8++?%! 7! (7*8+67=8! =%! (8#'!
)7(#*#7(#G7:+8! $%(! %! %.*86%! =8! +8/! (8+$8#6%'! C(!
=#70! 7%! =8+$7*>7(:*+8! 7+! .%67+0! 8! -7G8&=%:%!
=8+*8#Q7=7(8&680! )(7&$#+$%0! 7G8=7=%! $8*%!
#&-%(6\&#%0! (7*+7:*+8'! 5%++%! +%(8(! (7&=7! %! (8#!
$*7&67(!.76767+!8!76#(7!7+!.%67+!$8*7!*7&8*7'!

93
57+$8(7! 1#Q6%! Y/#&6%! $86/*7&680! %$#&#'6#$%0!
+%.8(.%0! #($86/%+%0! L#&"76#L%0! 7((%"7&68'! <+!
$(%L7+! =%! &%L#$#7=%! $7(8$8(! 68(:*+8! 7=%>7=%! %!
$7('68('! #7*! $%(8>7! 7! =8+-(/67(! =8! $8(6%! $(6=#6%!
8(! +/7! %(=8(0! *7&>7:+8! $%&6(7! /(! "/7(=#?%! 8!
7*%(.7:%! 7! $/&+7=7+'! B&2/#+#=%(! 8(! 58&8G70!
8Q8($8! %! $7("%! $%(! #&+%*K&$#7'! !7(=87*0! 6!
$%++/J=%! =8**7! (7..#7! $7$7*8'! <(./>7! &7!
%.+$/(#=7=8! +/7! $8++%7! 8! +8/! $7('68('! #7+$7(7:
+8! =8! +/(#*=8! 8! (%(#./&=%'! <*8"8(:&%! $7$7T! 6!
2/7&=%! ='! V! (%*7! =%! &76/(7*! 6%=7! 7! 8*7+6#$#=7=8!
*%&"%! 68($%! (868+7=7! $8*7! $%*J6#$7'! [! %! (7#+!
7((%"7&68!8!=8+$,6#$%!=%+!+%.8(7&%+'!
!)13+)/'4%24##)$'03+-)6'1)/4&'3$834'+4-3++41:!
8*#"#?%0! (%(7*0! +?%! -(8#%+! (868&6%(8+! =%!
$7('68('! 5?%! $%=8(0! $%(6(0! (76':*%'!
<&$*7/+/(7=%0! (8=/G#=%! 7! =%#+! =8=%+! =8! +#=(7! V+!
(8-8#>M8+0! $%=8! %! .K.8=%! =8#Q7(! =8! 8(.(#7"7(:+80!
(7+!7&+#7('!+8($(8!$8*%!L#&+%'!
<!#=7=8!7(%*8&67!%!$7('68('!-(7&+-%((7:%!8(!
/(7! '(L%(8! 2/8! &?%! ='! +8&?%! /(! %/! %/6(%! -(/6%!
7.7+67(=7=%0! (7+! +8($(8! =7! (8+(7! &76/(8G7'!
<&%=%7:+80!$%.(8:+8!=8!(/+"%0!$7(/&$+7'!77(7#+!
=8#Q7('! =8! +8(! $7(L7*+%! %/! $8(8#(70! $%(6('! 18!
-%++8! $%++JL8*! 7*68(7(! %! $7('68(0! 7! "8&68! (8+(%! %!
$*7+(7(#7!7!.8*!$(7G8(0!+8(#7!+8&+%(!=7!&76/(8G7'!
=%=8(%+! *'! $(#7(! 7*"/(7! $%#+7U! 5?%! (8$8.8(%+!
6/=%U! <Q$8(#(8&67#! 7&#(7(! %! #&=%*8&68! =8!

94
$%&6J&/7! 76#L#=7=80! #&+$#(7(! "%+6%! V! (/+#$7! 7!
2/8(! $7(8>7! =8! "%+6%! 8! =8! %/L#=%'! 5?%! 68(8#+!
(8*+%(! (8+/*67=%! =%! 2/8! +8! 8($(88&=8(=8+! =7(!
L#+67! 7! $8"%! =8! &7+$8&>7'! 5,+! 7$8(-8#>%7(%+0!
8+.%($8*7(%+0! 8(./>7(%+! %! 2/8! &%+!
8+68(8%"(7L%/!7!&76/(8G7'!5?%!+'0!$%(6(0!7*68(7(:
*+8!7!%.(7'!
"#(8#+! 7! /(! $(#7=%(T! A! @! 1('! 68(! $8#Q8!
=8(7#+! &8++8! L#L8#(%3! 7++#(! 8*8+! &?%! L#&"7('!
18/+!$7($%+!8+6?%!+%.(8*%67=%+!=8!"7=%3!%!$7$#(!
&?%! ='0! %+! 7&#(7#+! 8(7"(8$8(?%'! A! !%(! #++%!
=8#Q7! %! &%++%! +%(8(! 2/8! 7+! +%*+7+! *+8! $%(7(!
(867=8! =7+! $7($7+0! 8! %+! *%.%+! (867=8! =%+!
$7(&8#(%+'!@+!(8+67&68+!8&"%(=7('!87.7(:+8:'!8*8!
=8++7! 8$%&%(#7U! <+68! $7($%&K+! 6+! 6/! (8+(%'!
C(7! =8! 6/7+! $7#QM8+! =8L%(%/! 7+! %/6(7+0! 8! 6/!
*/*"7+! +7L8(! 6(#/&-7=%! +%.(8! 6#! $(,$(#%'! 5?%!
$7(8$8(%+! 2/7+8! 6%=%+! &,+! $%(! 72/8*8! L8*+%!
"8&8(7*!=8!&%L8&67!7&%+!2/80!8&$%&6(7&=%!7*"/&+!
*%L8&+! %-#$#7#+! (8Q8&=%! $%(! /(7+! (%>7+0!
$8("/&6%/:*+8+! $%*6(#$%T! ,18&+%(8+0! 6! 8++8! %!
8Q8($*%!2/8!*+8+!=%/U4'!

95
%21&%$-9('%?$" -'

.@/!=#'*%"%+!=8!!/!1/0!=#+$J$/*%!=8!!%&":-/:6+8/0!
$%(!%!$(J&$#$8!!/0!-#*+%!=%!(8#!=8!E%/0!6(#./6'(#%!
=%! #($8(7=%(! >+#&K+! 8&8&L?0! 2/0! 7&%+! 7&68+! =7!
&%++7! 8(7'! -(7=/G#=%! 8(! *76#(! $8*%! $7=(8!
)%/2/86!8Q:*8+/J67'!<&$%&6(7:+8!%!(7&/+$(#6%!&7!
.#.*#%68$7!=%!576#$7&%0!&\(8(%!29'0I93'!
!!
!"!
Y/8! =8L%! 8&68&=8(! 2/7&=%! (8! =#G8(! 2/8!
7=%(8!%!$6/!.!+7&"!6#3U!
!"#$"!
5?%! +8! 6(767! =%! $6/! (768(#7*! 2/8!L8(%+0!2/8!
&?%! 6! %/6(7! $%#+7! +8&?%! 7(0! $%($%+#>?%! =8! 6%=7+!
7+! 8(7&7>M8+! =7! 68((7'! B(8&+%! =#+$7(768! +8(#7!
7=%(7(!L7$%(8+'!
!"!
=%#+!&?%!(8!+/($(88&=8(#7'!=7(8$8:(8!2/8!%+!
+%(8&+!$%(868(7(!=#+$7(768+!7#&=7!(7#%(8+'!
!"#$"!
"8!-76%'!#7+!L,+!8+67#+!=8+6#&7=%!7!"%L8(&7('!
!/($(8:L%+!+8(!+'.#%'!

96
!"!
N'! 67&6%+! $%L%+! 2/8! 7=%(7(! %! $6/! 8! %+!
$*7&867+X!
!"#$"!
@+! $*7&867+! &?%! $7++7(! =8! (/&=%+! $%(%! %!
&%++%'!-8(%+!67&6%!(%6#L%!$7(7!7=%(7(!7!7(8#7!8!%!
.7((%! =7! E/70! $%(! 8Q8($*%0! $%(%! 7! E/7! $7(7! +8!
$O(!=8!*%8*+%+!=#7&68!=7!7(8#7!8!=%!.7((%!=7!-8((7'!
!"!
Y/8! +8! 2/8(! =#G8(! 2/7&=%! +8! -7*7T! @! $6/! 8! 7!
68((70!7$8&=7!7%!$6/0!+8*7!=#"&%!=%!$6/U!
!"#$"!
"#G:+8!6(8(8&=7!7+&8#(7'!5?%!8Q#+68!$6/T!$7=7!
$*7&867! 6! $#($/&=7=%! $%(%! 2/8! =8! /(7! $7+$7!
$+7(7=7!76(%+-8(70!8!"#(7!&%!8+$7>%!8(!6%(&%!=8!
+8/! +%*'! !7=7! +%*! 6! $8&6(%! =8! $%(>?%! =8! $*7&867+!
2/8! %! 7$%($7&+7(! 8+$7>%! 8(! -%(7'! 5?%! 8Q#+68!
7*6%! &8(! .7#Q%0! +/.#=7! &8(! =8+$#=7'!
!%($(88&=8#+! 2/8! +8! +7.#67&68+! =7! E/7!
=#++8++8(! 2/8! +8! +%.8! $7(7! 7! -8((70! 2/8! 8(7!
$(8$#+%! 6%(&7(:+8! =#"&%! =7! -8((70! =#(#7(! /(!
7.+/(=%'! "7! (8+(7! -%((7! $(%-8(#(%+! /(7! -(7+8!
+8(!&8Q%!2/7&=%!=#G8(%+!+8(!&8$8++'(#%!-7G8(:+8!
=#"&%! =%! $6/'! [! $%(%! +8! =#++6++8(%+T! 6! $(8$#+%!
6%(&7(:+8! =#"&%! =%! 7(0! =#"&%! =7! $%&+68*7>?%! =%!
"(7"?%0!=#"&%!=%!8+$7>%'!

97
!"!
!(8#%!$%($(88&=8('!"8L8(%+!7=%(7(!+%(8&68!
%!"8/+!2/8!$(#%/!%!$6/!8!7!68((7'!
!"#$"!
B++%X! 1,! "8/+! (8(8$8! +8(! 7=%(7=%'! #7+!
2/7&=%! =#G8(%+! 2/8! "8/+! -8G! %! $6/! 8! 7! 68((70!
$#7(8&68! $(%-8(#(%+! /(7! "(7&=8! #&"8&/#=7=8'!
=%(2/80! +8! $%(! $6/! 8&68&=8(%+! %! 8+$7>%!
$%(68&6%+%!8(!2/8!"8/+!7$8&=8/!67&6%+!+,#+!8!-8G!
"#(7(!67&6%+!(/&=%+0!6!(7#+!(#=J$/*%!=#G8(!%!$6/!%!
7! 68((7! =%! 2/8! =#G8(! 7+! (%&67&+7+! 8! /(! "(?%! =8!
7(8#7'! B&-#&#67(8&68! (8&%(! 2/8! /(! "(?%! =8! 7(8#7!
6! %! &%++%! "*%.%! $8(6%! =8++8+! 2/#&6#*+M8+! =8!
(/&=%+0! 8(! (8#%! 7%+! 2/7#+! =8+7$7(8$8(%+'!
-/=%! %! 2/8! $%=8(%+! -7G8(! 6! */&67(! &%++7! =6.#*!
L%G! 7%! $%(%! =%+! +8(8+! #&$%&6'L8#+! 2/8! &%! 7.#+(%!
=7!7($*#=?%!(8&=8(!+%(8&7"8(!7!"8/+'!
!"!
<&6?%! 8&"7&7(7(:&%+! 2/7&=%! &%+! =#++8(7(!
2/8!)%!=8+$8/!=%!2/7(6%!$6/!8!+8!&%+!7$(8+8&6%/!
+%.!7!-%((7!=8!/(!8*8-7&68!.(7&$%U!
!"#$"!
B++%! +?%! +#+6,(#7+! 2/8! %+! .%&G%+! $%&67(! V+!
$(#7&>7+!8!7%+!L8*+%+'!5?%!=8L8(%+!7=%(7(!+8&?%!
%!7/6%(!868(&%!=8!6%=%+!%+!+8(8+'!

98
!"!
#7+!$%(%!$O=8!/(!+8(!-7G8(!%+!%/6(%+U!
!"#$"!
@*+7#!72/8*7!8+6(8*7!A!<$+7:+8!7!/(!6(#*+?%!8!
2/#&+8&6%+! .#*+M8+! =8! *#+./93! =%! &%++%! (#&\+$/*%!
"*%.%'!"8*7!$(%*867(:+8!(7#%+!2/8!LK(!-%((7(!8(!
&%++%+! %*+%+! =%#+! R&"/*%+! #"/7#+! $8*%! L6(6#$8'! @+!
(8+(%+! R&"/*%+! -%((7(! &%+! %*+%+! =8! 6%=%+! %+!
7&#(7#+'! 5?%! L8=8+! &#++%! /(! =8+J"&#%! 8L#=8&68U!
5?%! L8=8+! &#++%! /(7! *8#! 7=(#('L8*U! @(70! 2/8(!
-7G! /(7! %.(7! +8&?%! /(! %.(8#(%U! Y/8(! 8*7.%(7!
*8#+!+8&?%!/(!*8"#+*7=%(U!<Q#+68!$%#+!/(!%.(8#(%0!
/(!*8"#+*7=%(!868(&%'!
!"!
#7+!2/8(!-8G!8++8!%.(8#(%U!!%(%!6!8*8U!
!"#$"!
#8/! $(J&$#$80! $7++87&=%! %&68(! $8*%+!
7((8=%(8+! =%! $7*'$#%! (7&=7=%! $%&+6(/#(! $8*%! (8#!
L%++%! $7#0! %/L#! =%#+! "(#*%+! $%&L8(+7&=%0! /(! =%+!
2/7#+!=#G#7T!A!Y/8!$7*'$#%!-%((#='L8*X!A!1#(0!A!
=#++8! %! %/6(%! A! $%(! 6%=7! 7! (#&+7! $(8+/&>?%!
$%&-8++%!2/8!=8L8!+8(!7*"/6(!(7#+!$%=8(%+%!2/8!
%+!"(#*%+!%!7/6%(!=8!67*!$(%=J"#%'!#7+!&8(!#(7"#&%!
2/8(! +8*7'! 58*%! 2/8! +'! =8! 8Q#+6#(0! (7+! &?%! +8#!
2/8(!6'!

99
!"!
!%&-8++%!+8(=8+!/(!"(#*%!(7#+!8&68&=#=%!2/8!
8/'! @! 2/8! (8! 7"(7=7! 8(! L,+! 6! &?%! $(868&=8(=8+!
+7.8(!%!2/8!#"&%(7#+'!
!'!
$%&'()*#)+,-*&*!
!'!
!"#$"!
<&6?%! $%&L#&=8+! +7*7! /(! +8(! 6%=%! $%=8(%+%0!
8Q#+68&68!$%(!+#!$(,$(#%0!+/$(8(%!7(68+?%!=8!6%=7!
7!&76/(8G7U!
!"!
1#('! #7+! +8! 8Q#+68! $%(! +#! (8+(%! &7=7! $%=8!
=8(7($':*%0!8+6'!8(!6%=7!$7(68'!<$+7:+8!8&6?%!8(!
6%=7! 7! (766(#70! 8(! 6%=7+! 7+! $7(68+! =8! (#(!
(8+(%U!
!"#$"!
=%(!2/8!&?%U!
!"!
58++8! $7+%! 8/! $(,$(#%! +8(#7! $7(68! =7!
=#L#&=7=8'!
!"#$"!

100
5?%! (8! $7(8$8! $8(67! 7! $%&$*/+?%'! <+68! $7$%!
=8! L#=(%! 6! =8! 6%=%+! %+! *7=%+! $8&86(7=%! $8*7! */G'!
<&67&6%! +8('! 8*8! */GU! 5?%3! 6! +#($*8+(8&68! 7(8#7'!
-/=%!8+6'!8(!"8/+0!&?%!(8+67!=\L#=7T!%!2/8!6/=%!
7&#(7! 8(! 6/=%! =8L8! 8+67('! "8/+! &?%! 6! $%(%! %!
#($8(7=%(! =7! !+#&70! 2/8! (%(7! 8(! /(! $7*'$#%! 8!
6(7&+(#68! +/7+! %(=8&+! $%(! $7*7%'! "8+=8! 2/8!
8Q#+670! &8$8++'(#%! 6! 2/8! +/7! 8Q#+6K&$#7! 8&$+7!
6%=%!%!8+$7>%!8!6%=7+!7+!+/7+!%.(7+'!<!*'!2/8!8+6'!
8(! L,+! 6! /(7! 7=L8(6K&$#7! $%&6J&/7! $7(7! 2/8!
&7=7! -7>7#+! 2/8! L%+! $%++7! 8&L8("%&+7(! 8(! +/7!
$(8+8&>7'!
!"!
Y/8! -7G8(! $7(7! %/+7(! %*+7(:+8! 7! +#! (8+(%!
+8(! (8$/"&R&$#7! 8! +8(! $8*%! =#7&68! =%! +8(!
+/$(8(%U!
!"#$"!
18(!*/+6%'!
!"!
Y/8!(7#+U!
!"#$"!
18(!*/+6%'!
!"!

101
#7+! =#G! 7! +8#67! =8! E7%! Y/#/(! &?%! 8Q#+6#(!
*/+6#>7!&8(!#&*/+6#>70!LJ$#%!&8(!L#(6/=8'!
!"#$"!
"#G! 7! +8#67! =8! E7%! Y/#/(! &?%! 8Q#+6#(! +7\=8!
&8(!=%8&>7U!
!"!
5?%0!8*7!&?%!=#(#7!67(7&+%!7.+/(=%'!
!"#$"!
<.+/(=%! 6?%! "(7&=8! 8! (7#+! -/&8+6%! 6! $8&+7(!
&?%! 8Q#+6#(! +7\=8! &8(! (%*6+6#7! =7! 7*(70! L#(6/=8!
&8(! LJ$#%'! @+! 2/8! =#++8(7(! +8(! 6/=%! 7! (8+(7!
$%#+7! +?%! (%&+6(%+'! 18('! 7! (8+(7! $%#+7! $(#7(! %!
-#*+%! %/! 8+(7"':*%! 8(! $#(7! =8! /(7! $8=(7U!
<++#+6#(! V! (?8! %/! $(7L7(:*+8! /(! $/&+7*! &%!
$%(7>?%U!
!"!
)7G8#+:(8! 8+6(8(8$8('! </! 8Q8$(%! 7! +8#67! =8!
E7%!Y/#/('!#7+!+?%!67&6%+!%+!(76#G8+!=%!*/+6%!8!
=%! #&*/+6%X! <+! L8G8+! -#$7:+8! $8($*8Q%'! Y/8(!
+7.8('! $(8$#+7(8&68! %! 2/8! 6! $8((#6#=%! 8! %! 2/8!
&?%! %! 6U! Y/8(! +8('! $7$7G! =8! 8+67.8*8$8(!
+8"/(7(8&68!7+!-(%&68#(7+!2/8!+8$7(7(!%!.8(!=%!
(7*U!Y/8!&%((7!(8!=7#+!$7(7!=#+$8(&#:*%+U!
!"#$"!

102
<+! &%((7+! =8! !%&":-/:6+8/0! (8/! (8+6(8T!
,5#L8! $%(%! 7%! (%((8(! =8+8*7(#7+! 68(! L#L#=%'! -(767!
%!$(,Q#(%!$%(%!2/8(8+!2/8!8*8!68!6(7684'!
!"!
!%&-8++%! 2/8! 67#+! ('Q#(7+! =8L8(! +8(! %!
$,=#"%!=%!"K&8(%!+/(7&%'!#7+!2/8!(8!#($%(67('!
7%! (%((8(! 68(! .8(! L#L#=%U! Y/8! "7&+7(8#! $%(!
#++%U!<$7+%0!7%!+8!2/8.(7(0!+8!+8&6#('!-8*#G!72/8*8!
(8*,"#%!$%(!+7L8(!.8(!+%7=%!7+!+%(7+U!
!"#$"!
<2/8*8!(8*,"#%!&?%!+8&680!&?%!$8&+7!5?%!$%=8!
68(!(8(%(+%+0!7%!$7++%!2/8!L,+!%+!68&=8+!2/7&=%!
L%+!+8&6#+!$/*$7=%'!
!"!
<!+80!7$,+!$%(868(!(/#6%+!$(#(8+0!L#8(!7!&?%!
(7#+!%+!+8&6#(U!
C. S.
58++8! $7+%! +8(#7! $(8$#+%! (8$(#(#(:L%+'! <! -#$7#!
$8(6%!2/8!8&6(8!%+!+%(8&+!2/8!&?%!"%+67(!=8!+8(!
%$(#(#=%+! 7*"/6(! +7L8(#7! 2/8! L%+! 6%*+8(#7! 7+!
(?%+'!
C.
Y/8(! =#G8(! 2/8! "8/+0! 2/8! 8+6'! &8*8+0!
$%&+8&6#(#7! 2/8! -%++8(! (7/+! =8$%#+! =8! 6K:*%!
$8((#6#=%!7!(#(U!

103
C. S.
"8/+! L%+! "7*7(=%%/! $%(! 7! (7G?%T! 2/8! =8*7!
&?%! 7./+8#+! &8(! L,+! &8(! 8*8+'! 5?%! +%(8&68!
+8(J8#+! #&-8*#G! &8+67! L#=70! $%(%! 7#&=7! 2/8(! L%+!
=#++8!&?%!%!+8(J8#+!8(!%/6(7U!
C.
Y/8(!L%+!=#++8!8Q#+6#(!%/6(7!L#=7U!
C. S.
57!=\L#=70!$(%$8=8#!$%(%!+8!8Q#+6#++8'!
C.
18!8/!6#L8++8!$8(68G7!=8!2/8!&?%!8Q#+68U!
C. S.
"8+7-#%:L%+'!
!!
.%/0%+/*#)+,-*&*!
!!
!"!
#7+!$7(7!$%=8(!+8(!$/&#=%!%/!(8$%($8&+7=%!
2/7&=%! =8#Q7(! =8! 8Q#+6#(0! -%(>%+%! 6! 2/8! +/.+#+67!
8(!(#(!7*"%!2/8!+#&67!8!2/8!$8&+8'!@(70!+8!7&68+!
=8! &7+$8(! &7=7! =8! (#(! +7L#7! 2/8! +8&6#++8! %/!
$8&+7++80! $%(%! +7L8('! =8$%#+! 2/8! (%((8(U! Y/8!
$%=8(#7! +8(! 8++7! $7(68! #&$%&$8$6JL8*! =8! (#(!
(8+(%U! 1/.+#+6#('! %! G/(.#=%! =72/8*7! 7.8*+7! V!
+/7!(%(68U!1/.+#+6#('!7!L8"867>?%!=8+67!$*7&67!7!
+8/! =8+7((7#"7(8&6%U! 58"867>?%! &?%! 6! /(7!

104
$7*7L(7! =8! 2/8! &%+! +8(L#(%+! $7(7! 8Q$(#(#(! 7!
(7&8#(7! #&8Q$*#$'L8*! $%(%! 2/#+! %! 18(! 1/$(8(%!
2/8!7!$*7&67!7.+%(L8++8!%+!+/$%+!=7!68((7U!-7*!8!
2/7*0! 7*(7! 6! /(7! $7*7L(7! #&L8&67=7! $7(7!
8Q$(#(#(! $%.(8(8&68! 8! %.+$/(7(8&68! %+!
$(#&$J$#%+! 8++8&$#7#+! =7! L#=7! +/(7&7'! -%=%+! %+!
7&#(7#+! +8! (%L8('! <! 8++8! $%=8(! =8! (%L8(:+8!
$+7(7(%+! -%(>7! 76#L7'! #7+! &?%! 8Q#+68! /(! +8(!
=#+6#&6%! A! -%(>7! 76#L7'! -8(%+! $7#QM8+0! (8(,(#70!
(7G?%'! =%(6(! (7G?%0! (8(,(#70! $7#QM8+! &?%! +?%0! 6!
$*7(%0! $%#+7+! 7! $7(68'! 5?%! +?%! +8(8+! 8(! &,+!
8Q#+68&68+'! 5?%! +?%! #&=#LJ=/%+! =8! 8Q#+6K&$#7!
$(,$(#7T!+?%!68((%+!"8&6(#$%+!$%(!&,+!#&L8&67=%+!
$7(7! 8Q$(8++7((%+! &%++7+! #=6#7+'! <*(7! A!
(8(,(#70! (7G?%0! $7#QM8+! A! &?%! $7++7! $%#+! =8!
/(7! $7*7L(7'! Y/8(! 7&#(7! 7! &76/(8G7! =8!
(%L#(8&6%U! "8/+'! Y/8(! -7G! L8"867(! 7+! $*7&67+U!
"8/+'! Y/8(! ='! L#=7! 7%+! 7&#(7#+U! "8/+'! Y/8(!
"8(7!%!$8&+7(8&6%!+/(7&%U!"8/+'!
18! 7! 7*(7! +/(7&7! -%++8! /(! 7&?%G#&+%! 2/8!
+7.#67++8! %! &%++%! $%($%0! "%L8(&7&=%:&%+! %+!
(%L#(8&6%+! 8! 7+! #=6#7+0! &?%! =8&%67(#7! #++%!
#($%6K&$#7! 8! 7(6#-J$#%! #&=#"&%+! =%! 868(&%! 7(68+?%!
=%! (/&=%U! 5?%! +8(#7! 8*8! $7$7G! =8! -7G8(! '6%(%+!
$%(! +#! $(,$(#%+! =%67=%+! =8! (%L#(8&6%! 8!
$8&+7(8&6%U! <&+#&7+68+:(8! "(8"%0! -#G8+68+:(8!
*8(! N%(8(%'! 8$/6%! 5/*$7&%! /(! -8((8#(%! =#L#&%!
2/7&=%! -7G! 6(J$%=7+! =8! %/(%! 2/8! +8! 7$(8+8&67(!
+%G#&+7+! $8(7&68! %! $%&+8*+%! =%+! =8/+8+'! 5#*!
$+7(*76?%! $7(8$8(:(8:#7! $%(6(! +8! +%/L8++8!

105
8+$%&=#=%! &%! $%($%! =7+! 6(J$%=7+! /(! (%*82/8!
2/80! +8(! 2/8! &#&"/6(! $8($8.8++80! 7+! -#G8++8!
(%L8(:+8'!
!(#7(7(! -(#%+! +%&+7=%(8+! 7! -7&67+#7! =8!
76(#./#(! %! (%L#(8&6%! =%+! 7+6(%+! 7! "K&#%+! 2/8!
#&$8++7&68(8&68! %+! #($8*#++8(! 8+$7>%! 8(! -%(7'!
#7+! "8/+! &?%! $%=8(#7! L8(:+8! (8=/G#=%! 7! 6?%!
(J+8(%! (8$/(+%'! <(! /(7! $7*7L(70! $7(7! 2/8! =/7+!
(%*7+! 2/7&=%! .7+67! /(7U! 5?%! %/+7(8#+! &8"7(!
68&+7! "8/+! %! $%=8(! =8! 7&#(7(! %! 8&68! $%/$%!
$%&+8$#=%! 7! 2/8! $+7(7(%+! (766(#7'! =%(! 2/8!
8&6?%!+7L8(#7!=8!(8$%((8(!7!%/6(%!7"8&68U!!
#7#+T! 2/8! +8(#7! 8++7! 7*(7! 2/8! 6?%!
*#.8(7*(8&68! =7#+! 7%! &%++%! $%($%U! "8! %&=8! L8#%U!
Y/7&=%U! 18(#7! $(8$#+%! $*7&67(:+8! 68($%! +8(!
68($%! %! !(#7=%(! =%! /&#L8(+%! 7! $%$7! =7! /&#?%! =8!
+%(8(! 8! (/*+8(0! %.+8(L7&=%! 768&67(8&68! %!
#&+67&68! 8(! 2/8! +7J++8! /(! "8((8! =%! $%($%! =%!
+%(8(!8!8&6(7++8!&%!$%($%!=7!(/*+8(!$7(7!8&6?%!
8&L#7(:*+8! V+! $(8++7+! /(7! 7*(7U! <! +8! %! "8((8!
(%((8++80! 2/8! +8(#7! =7! 7*(7U! -8(#7! +#=%! $(#7=7!
#&/6#*(8&680!%/!8+$8(7(#7!%/6(7!%$%(6/&#=7=8'!
<+6(7&+7!%$/$7>?%!$7(7!%!+8&+%(!=%!(/&=%'!
-7&6%! (7#+! 2/8! &?%! +8! L8(#7! 7.7(.7=%! 7$8&7+!
$%(!7+!$,$/*7+!=7!8+$6$#8!+/(7&7T!$(8$#+7(#7!68(!
%*+%+! $7(7! 7! (8$(%=/>?%! =8! 6%=%+! %+! 7&#(7#+0!
$%(2/8! 6%=%+! %+! 7&#(7#+! 6K(! (8(,(#70! #=6#7+0!
$7#QM8+'! <! +8! $7(7! $(#7(! +8&6#(8&6%+0! (8(,(#70!

106
#=6#7+0! $7#QM8+! -%++8! &8$8++'(#7! /(7! 7*(70!
$/($(#(#7! 7! "8/+! 7-7&7(:+8! #&$8++7&68(8&68! 7!
-%(*7(! 7*(7+! $7(7! 8*8-7&68+0! $/*"7+0! (%$+%+0!
$8#Q8+0!.%&G%+'!
Y/8! #=6#7! 68(J8#+! =%! 7(2/#686%! =8! 67&6%+!
(#*+M8+! =8! (/&=%+! 7$87=%! 7! -7G8(! $7L#*+7+!
#&L#+JL8#+! =7! (7&+?! V! &%#68! 7! -#(! =8! $8($86/7(!
+/7!%.(7U!
<J! 68&=8+! J&-#(7! $7(68! =7+! (7GM8+! 2/8! (8!
-7G8(!=/L#=7(!=7!8Q#+6K&$#7!=7!7*(7'!
!"#$"!
7$#%$#&7#+! =8! .%7! -6'! <! L%++%! +#&$8(%!
$7(8$8(0! 8((O&8%! 8(.%(70! +'! =8! +8(! "(76%! 7%! 18(!
1/$(8(%'! =%=8#+! 8&"7&7(:L%+0! (7+! &?%! %!
$(%$/(7#+'! 1%#+0! $%#+0! =8+$/*$'L8*'! #7+! L8=8! 2/8!
&?%! (8! $(%$/+8+68+! +8&?%! =\L#=7+0! 8! =\L#=7+!
6(#+68+'! <=(#6#! L8(%++#(#*+7&>7+! (7#+!
$%&+%*7=%(7+'! [! =/(%! +8(! 7&#2/#*7=%3! 8+$8(7#!
L#L8('! 17.8#+! 2/8! /(! $8&+7(8&6%! &?%! 6! (766(#70!
&7=7! 68(! 2/8! L8(! $%(! 7! (766(#7T! $%(! 2/8! +'! =8!
+8(! 6?%! =#-J$#*! $(8(=8+! 2/8! "8/+! L%+! +7*7!
#&%$/*7=%!/(!$(#&$J$#%!=#L#&%!2/8!A!#&=#++%*\L8*!
A! 8+$7$8! 6! (%(68U! @/+7(8#+! =#G8(! #($%++JL8*!
68(=8+! /(7! 7*(7U! 5?%0! $8(67(8&68'! <! +8&=%!
$%++JL8*0!&?%!+8('!(/#6%!$(%L'L8*U!<&*8#67(8#+!/(!
+#+68(7! 6?%! .8*%! 8! 6?%! &8$8++'(#%! 7%! "K&8(%!
+/(7&%U!=%(!+%(8&%+!#($8=#(8&6%+U!

107
!"!
8(76%! +8(:(8:#7! 7.(7>7(! 67*! +#+68(70! =8! L8G!
2/8! (8! -%++8! $(%L7=%'! 5?%! +%/'! +8&+%(! =8! L8(! %!
2/8! &?%! 8&Q8("%'! 18($(8! (8! #($(8++#%&%/! 7!
#=6#7!"(7&=#%+7!=8!2/8!"8/+!6/=%!$(#%/0!8(!6/=%!
8+6'0! 6/=%! $8&86(70! 7! 6/=%! #&+$#(7! L#=7! 8!
(%L#(8&6%'!<!+80!8+67&=%!8(!6%=7!7!&76/(8G70!+8!
7$+7!8(!6%=7+!7+!$7(6J$/*7+!=%!(8/!+8(0!&?%!L8*%!
2/8! &8$8++#=7=8! 68&+%! =8! /(7! 7*(7'! =7(7! 2/8!
/(! $82/8&%! 8&68! +/.7*68(&%0! 2/7&=%! +%/!
7&#(7=%! =%! $(,$(#%! "8/+U! "8! 2/8! (8! +8(L#(#7!
8++7! 7*(7U! 5%++7+! $(,$(#7+! #=6#7+0! &?%! +%(%+!
&,+!2/8(!7+!8*7.%(7(%+T!7$%=8(:&%+!&?%!(7(%!7!
=8+$8#6%! =8! &,+! (8+(%+3! 68(%:*7+! 8&2/7&6%!
=%((#(%+'! -/=%! 8(! &,+! +8! %$8(7! +8(! 7! &%++7!
#&68(L8&>?%'! =%(! (7#+! 2/8! 7! 7*(7! =#++8++8! 7%!
+7&"/8! 8! 7%+! 8+$J(#6%+! 7&#(7#+T! !#($/*7#0! $8>%:
L%+0! =8! 67*! %/! 67*! (7&8#(70! 8*8+! $#($/*7(#7(!
868(&7(8&68! 8! #($7++#L8*(8&68! =7! -%((7! 2/8!
"8/+!*+8+!=#6%/'!=(8-#(%!+8(!('2/#&7!=8!/(!"8/+!
2/8!+8!(8!8L#=8&$#7!7!+K:*7!=8!/(7!7*(7!=8!$/*7!
8Q#+6K&$#7!=/L#=%'!
!"#$"!
=%#+! .8(X! 18! L%+! 7&#(7! %! $(,$(#%! "8/+0!
&/&$7!$(%-7&8#+!$%(!$(#(8+!7!+/7!$(8+8&>7'!<!+8!
L%+! =8/! /(7! 7*(70! 2/8! 8++7! 7*(7! *7(7#+! %!
%-8&=7'! 5/(! +#+68(7! $%(%! &%/6(%! 68&=8+!
L%&67=8'!1%#+!*#L(80!=#+$%&=8+!=%!$%=8(!=8!-7G8(!%!

108
2/8! 2/#+8(=8+3! /+7#! =8++8! $%=8(! $7(7! +8(L#(! 7!
"8/+! 2/8! L%:*%! %/6%("%/'! %%(! 6! 2/8! +8*7#+!
-#*,+%-%T! &8$8++'(#%! 2/8! +8*7#+! */+6%'! 1K:*%:8#+!
7#&=7! (7#+! 2/7&=%! $(8(=8+! $%++/#(! /(7! 7*(7!
#(%(67*'!
"#"&7#:L%+! (8+$%&=8(:(8T! &?%! 6! L8(=7=8! +8(!
"8/+!7!+/(7!*/+6#>7U!
!"!
18(! =\L#=7'! <! 7#&=7! 2/8! -%++8! $%++JL8*!
=8#Q7(!=8!+K:*7!.%!2/8!6!/(7!.*7+-K(#73!8/!(8+(%!
2/8(8(#7!$(%$8=8(!$%(!82Z#=7=8'!
!"#$"!
Y/7&=%! 8+6#L8(=8+! &%! 6(%&%0! &?%! 6! L8(=7=8!
+8(!L%++%!=8L8(!(8$%($8&+7(!7+!7>M8+!L#(6/%+7+!8!
$/&#(! 7+! $/*$%+7+U! Y/8(8(J8#+! 2/8! "8/+! &?%!
-#G8++8! %! 2/8! L,+! (8+(%! -7(8#+U! 17.8#+! 2/8! +'! 8!
+8($(8! +7L8('! &8+67! L#=7! L#(6/=8+! #&-8*#G8+! 8!
$(#(8+!#($/&8+'!58$8++'(#%!6!$%#+!2/8!.8(!8!(7*!
8&$%&6(8(! +8/! */*"7(8&6%! 8(! %/6(7! 8Q#+6K&$#7'!
)%#! 8+67! #=6#7! 6?%! +#($*8+0! 6?%! &76/(7*0! 6?%! "8(7*!
2/8! "8(%/! 8(! 67&67+! &7>M8+! 7! $(8&>7! =7!
#(%(67*#=7=8! =7! 7*(7! 8! =7! */+6#>7! =#L#&70! 2/8! 7!
*/*"7('! 2/7&=%! +8! =8+$#(! =%! =8+$%*%! (%(67*'!
N7L8('! +#+68(7! (7#+! (7G%'L8*0! (7#+! $%&-%((8! V!
"#L#&=7=8!8!(7#+!\6#*!7%!"K&8(%!+/(7&%U!
!"!

109
=%(! 2/8! 8&6?%! (/#67+! &7>M8+! &?%! %!
7.(7>7(7(U! 17.8#+! +7L8(! 8(! &%++7! $(%LJ&$#7!
$%#+7!=8!=/G8&67+!-7(J*#7+!=8!7&6#"%+!+#&\+./H3!2/8!
+7.#67(7(! %/6(%(7! $7(68! =7! <('.#7! =66(87'! =%#+!
&8(! 8*8+! &8(! +8/+! 7L#6%+! *7(7#+! $(8(7(! 7! 7*(7!
#(%(67*'! -K(! +8/+! !#&$%! E#L(%+0! $%(%! &,+! 68(%+!
&%++%+! !#&$%! Y/#&"+./23'! E#:*+8+! 7! 6(7=/>?%3! +/7+!
*8#+0!&8$8++7(#7(8&68!+8(8*+7&68+!V+!=8!6%=%+!%+!
%/6(%+!$%L%+0!%(=8&7(:*+8+!(8+$8#67(!%+!$7#+0!&?%!
-/(67(0!&?%!(8&6#(0!&?%!$%(868(!%!7=/*66(#%!&8(!%!
+%(#$J=#%'! 5?%! *+8+! -7*7(0! $%(6(0! =8!
(8$%($8&+7+!8!$7+6#"%+!8(!%/6(7!L#=7'!
!"#$"!
18!8++7!#=6#7!7#&=7!&?%!+8!=8+8&L%*L8/!&8++8!
$%.(8! $%L%0! =8+8&L%*L8(:+8:'! +8(! =\L#=7! 7*"/(!
=#7'! "8(7#+0! 2/8! &%+! #($%(67! /(7! #&+#"&#-#$7&68!
8! (#+8('L8*! &7>?%! 2/7&=%! .7.#*O&#%+0! 8"J$$#%+0!
+#&=/+0!6%=%+!%+!$%L%+!$#L#*#G7=%+!7=(#6#(7(!8++8!
=%"(7! 6?%! +7*/67(U! 18! 8+6#L6++8#+! =%8&680!
(8-/"7(J8#+! /(! (8(6=#%! 7$(%L7=%! $%(! 6%=%+! %+!
$+#&8+8+! +,! $%(2/8! (8#7! =\G#7! =8! .'(.7(%+! =7+!
(%&67&+7+! &?%! %! 6%(7(#7(U! "8/+! $%&$8=8/:L%+!
7! (7G?%0! 8! =#G:L%+! 7! (7G?%! 2/8! 7! 7*(7! =8L8! +8(!
#(%(67*'![!%!$(,$(#%!"8/+!2/8!L%:*%!=#G0!$%(67&6%'!
!"!
#7+! $%(%! $%=8(8#! +8(! (8$%($8&+7=%! %/!
$/&#=%! 2/7&=%! *'! &?%! -%(! 8/! (8+(%0! 2/7&=%!
&7=7! 8Q#+6#(! =%! 2/8! $%&+6#6/#! 7! (#&+7! $8++%7U!

110
-?%! +%(8&68! $%(! -%(>7! =7! (8(,(#7! 6! 2/8! +%/!
+8($(8! 8/! (8+(%'! @(70! 7! (8(,(#70! $8(=K:*7:8#!
&7! =8((7=8#(7! =%8&>7'! N7L8('! 8&6?%! /(! (#*7"(8!
=8$%#+!=8!(#&+7!(%(68!2/8!(7!(8+6#6/70!$7(7!2/8!
8/!(86%(&8!V!8Q#+6K&$#7U!
!"#$"!
58++8! $7+%! /(! $(J&$#$8! 2/8! +%/L8++8!
=8$7$#67=%! 7! -7(J*#7! $7(7! (8#&7(0! 6#(7&#G7=%! %+!
+\=#6%+0!8Q#(#(:+8:#7!=8!$/*$7!=#G8&=%!7!"8/+T!A!
5?%! -/#! 8/0! 8/! $8(=#! 7! (8(,(#70! L,+! L%+!
82/#L%$7#+0! 8/! *'! &?%! +%/! 7! (8+(7! $8++%7'! A!
7/*"7#+! 2/8! "8/+! +8! =7(#7! $%(! 7$+7=%! $%(!
+8(8*+7&68!+%-#+(7U!
!"!
=%#+! .8('! 18*70! (8&=%:(8'! 18! $(76#$7(#7! %!
.8(! $%(! (#(! $(,$(#%0! -':*%:8#! #"/7*(8&68! $7(7!
$%($(7G8(! 7%! 18(! 1/$(8(%'! </! $8&+7L7! .7+67(!
(#&+7!7*(7!+8(!*/+67!&8+67!L#=7!$7(7!+8(!-8*#G!8(!
%/6(7'!58*%!2/8!67*!%$#&#?%!6!.%7!$7(7!%+!$%L%+!8!
$7(7! %+! $(J&$#$8+0! (7+! %! $/*6%! =8! "8/+! (8!
$(8%$/$7'!
!!
1'2/3*#)+,-*&*!
!!
!"#$"!

111
Y/8! 7$+7#+! =8! 8+2/#+#6%! 8(! &%++%! !+/!
Y/#&"0!8++8!$(#(8#(%!*#L(%!$7&O&#$%!6?%!(8+$8#67=%!
$%(!6%=%+!%+!#($8(7=%(8+!$+#&8+8+U!=7(7!+8(L#(!=8!
8Q8($*%! 7%! $%L%! 6(7.7*+7#+! /(! $7($%! $%(! 7+!
$(,$(#7+!(?%+!(87#+!8!=8*8!%-8(67#+!7+!$(#(J$#7+!7!
!+7&":6#0! 7! -#8&0! 7%! 18(! 1/$(8(%'! <! 8*8!
+7$(#-#$7#+! 2/76(%! L8G8+! 7%! 7&%'! 1%#+! (8#! 8!
$%&6J-#$8'! =(%(868#+! 7! "8/+! 6%=%! %! .8(! 2/8!
8+6#L8(! 8(! L%++%! $%=8('! 5?%! +'! &#++%! 7*"%! 2/8!
(8$/"&8U!
!"!
18#!2/8!"8/+!&?%!68(!&8&+/(7!&8$8++#=7=8!
=8! &%++%+! +7$(#-J$#%+! 8! =8! &%++7+! $(8$8+'! 5,+! 6!
2/8! 68(%+! $(8$#+?%! =8! &%+! +7$(#-#$7((%+! 8! =8!
%(7('!@!$/*6%!=8!"8/+!&?%!-%#!8+67.8*8$#=%!$%(!8*80!
(7+! $%(! &,+'! #/#6%! (8! 7$(7G! %(7(0! 8! 2/8(%!
+%.(86/=%! 2/8! (#&+7+! %(7>M8+! &?%! +8*7(!
(#=J$/*7+'! =%(2/8! +8! (8! $%&+%! 7! "(#67(! 2/8! ,7!
(%&67&+7!=%!!+7&":6#!6!/(7!(%&67&+7!"%(=70!6!
2/8! &?%! +8! =8L8! %*+7(! $7(7! 7+! (%&67&+7+!
"%(=7+04./I3! 8! -7>%! -/"#(! %! 1%*! 8! 7$7"7(! 7! E/70!
+8(#7(! 8++7+! 7*"7(L#7+! =%! 7"(7=%! =%! 18(!
1/$(8(%0!\68#+!7!(8/+!+\=#6%!8!7!(#(!(8+(%U!
5?%! +/$%(6%! $(#&$#$7*(8&68! 7! =8(K&$#7! =7+!
+8#67+'! "8! /(! *7=%! L8*%! E7%! -+8/! $%&$8.#=%! $8*7!
/&#?%!=%!$6/!8!=7!68((7!8!$/*7!(?8!%!$7((8"%/!&%!
L8&6(8! =/(7&68! %#68&67! 7&%+'! 5?%! 68&+%! (7#+! -6!
8(!+/7!=%/6(#&7!=%!7&#2/#*7(8&6%!8!=7!(8&\&$#7!

112
/&#L8(+7*! 2/8! &%+! $7.8*%+! .(7&$%+! $%(! 2/8!
&7+$8/! %/! &7! L7$7! $(867! 2/8! (%&6%/! $7(7! #(!
$(8"7(!+/7!=%/6(#&7'!
5?%! $(8#%! (7#+! &%! =8/+! )%0! 7#&=7! 2/8! 68&+7!
6#=%!$%(!$7#!/(!8*8-7&68!.(7&$%!8!$(%(867!7!L#=7!
868(&7'!
#7#+! 2/8! 6/=%! (8! =8+7"(7=7! +8(8(! 67#+!
-7&67+#7+! $%&6#&/7(8&68! $(8"7=7+! $8*%+! .%&G%+0!
2/8! +8=/G8(! %! $%L%! $7(7! "%L8(&':*%'! )7G8(:+8!
(8+$8#6'L8#+! $%(! (%(6#-#$7>M8+! 2/8! (8$/"&7(! V!
&76/(8G7'! C&+! +8! $(#L7(! 6%=7! 7! L#=7! =%+!
7*#(8&6%+! (7#+! +7*/67(8+0! $%(%! +8! &?%! +8!
$/=8++8! 7"(7=7(! 7! "8/+! +8&?%! $%(! /(! (7/!
(8"#(8'!@/6(%+!$M8(!7("%*7+!=8!-8((%!&%!$8+$%>%0!
%! 2/8! $%(! L8G8+! *+8+! ='! /(! 7(! =#"&J++#(%'!
<&68((7(! $(7L%+! &7+! $%Q7+0! $%(%! +8! -%++8(!
6'./7+'!<!%!$%L%!+8"/8:%+!8(!$+/+(7'!18!/(!(8#!
=8$(867! /(! 6=#6%! 2/8! %+! =8+7"(7=70! =#G8(:L%+!
-(#7(8&68! 2/8! 67*! 6=#6%! &?%! +8! 8&$%&6(7! &%!
$%(8&6'(#%!=%!=8/+!)%0!8!2/8!(7#+!L7*8!%.8=8$8(!
7! "8/+! 2/8! 7%+! +%(8&+'! !%(%! (8(8=#7(! 6?%!
8Q6(7L7"7&68!8!&%$#L7!=%8&>7!$%$/*7(U!17.8#+!+8(!
7! 6%*8(R&$#7! %! $(#&$J$#%! =%! "%L8(&%! =7! !+#&7!
$%(%!=8!6%=%+!%+!$%L%+!=7!D+#7'!5?%!L%+!$7(8$80!
$%(6(0! -/&8+67! +8(8*+7&68! #&=/*"K&$#70! 2/7&=%!
8Q$M8!/(!#($6(#%!7!+8(!6(7&+6%(&7=%!$%(!%$#&#M8+!
-7&'6#$7+U!
!"#$"!

113
Y/8! %! !+7&":6#! (8! *#L(8! =8! 2/8(8(!
=8+8&L%*L8(! 8(! L,+! %! 8+$J(#6%! =8! 6%*8(R&$#70!
L#(6/=8!6?%!(8+$8#6'L8*0!2/8!6!$7(7!7!7*(7!%!2/8!6!
$7(7!%!$%($%!7!*#.8(=7=8!=8!+7$#7(!7!-%(8'!=8((#68!
7! *8#! &76/(7*! 7! $7=7! /(! $(8(! %! 2/8! 2/#+8(0! $%(%!
+8!7*#(8&67(!=%!2/8!.8(!8&68&=8('!@!(6=#$%!&?%!
$%=8!(767(!%+!$*#8&68+!$%(!&?%!68(8(!%.+8(L7=%!7!
=#867! $(8+$(#67'! 5?%! 7++#+68! 7%! $(J&$#$8! %! =#(8#6%!
=8! (7&=7(! $(8&=8(! %+! +\=#6%! 2/8! &?%! $8&+7(8(!
$%(%!8*8'!#7+!$/($(8:*+8!$(8L8&#(!$8(6/(.7>M8+0!
8! +8! -%(! +'.#%0! -7$J*#(%! *+8! +8('! 8Q6#($7(! 7+!
+/$8(+6#>M8+'! 17.8#+! %! 2/8! +8! $7++%/! $%(! "7?%0!
+8Q6%!(8#!=7!!7*=6#70!+'!$8($7!=8!2/76(%!(#*!7&%+U!
!"!
5?%'!"7(:(8:8#+!$(7G8(!$%&67&=%:(%'!
!"#$"!
@+!+7$8(=%68+!$7*=8/+!7=%(7L7(!7+!+%*+7+!=%!
</-(768+'! "#G#7(! 2/8! /(7! +%*+7! (8(%('L8*! A!
@7&6+! A! 8&+#&7(7:*+8+! %/6(%(7! 7! 68%*%"#70! 2/8!
8++7!+%*+7!8(7!#(%(67*0!6#&+7!6(K+!$6+!=8!$%($(#=%!
8! /(! $82/8&%! $(8+$8&68! &7! $7/=7'! =%(! 7(%(! =8!
@7&6+! 8(7! $(%#.#=%! $%(8(! +%*+7+'! E8L7&6%/:+8!
"(7&=8! .7(/*+%! 8&6(8! %+! 68,*%"%+! 7! -#(! =8! +7.8(!
+8! 7! +%*+7! @7&6+! 8(7! (7$+%! %/! -K(87! @+! =%#+!
$7(6#=%+! +8! 8Q$%(/&"7(7(! (8$#$(%$7(8&68! 8! $%(!
&?%! $%/$7+! L8G8+! $+8"%/:+8! 7! L#7+! =8! -76%'! <#+! %!
2/8!-8G!%!(8#!"7?%!$7(7!$O(!68((%!V!(8-8(67'!

114
@(=8&%/! 7! 7(.7+! 7+! -7$>M8+! /(! (#"%(%+%!
*8*/(! =8! 6(K+! =#7+0! -#&=%! %! 2/7*! $+7(%/! V! +/7!
$(8+8&>7! %+! $7(6#='(#%+! =7! +%*+7! -K(870! 2/8!
7++#+6#(7(! 7! +8/! *7&67('! #7&=%/! 6(7G8(! /(7!
+%*+7!=8!6(K+!$K+!=8!$%($(#(8&6%0!8(!$/*7!$7/=7!
-#G8(7!=8+8&+7(!/(!$(8+$8&68'!
A! [! 8+68! %! L%++%! =8/+U! A! $8("/&6%/! 7%+!
=%/6%(8+'!
A!1#(0!(7*8+67=8'!-8(!%!$(8+$8&68!&7!$7/=7!
8!+8"/(7(8&68!+'!=8!68(!%L7+'!
@(=8&%/! %! (8#! 2/8!+8!7.(#++8!7!+%*+70!2/8!+8!
8L#=8&$#%/!(7$+%'!
A'<+67#+! L8&=%! &?%! +8(! %! L%++%! =8/+0! $%#+!
&?%! 68(! %L7+0! A! $%&$*/#/! %! (8#'! <! $%(8/:7! $%(!
+8/+! +'6(7$7+0! $%(! "(7&=8! (8"%G#*%! =%+! 68,*%"%+!
=7+!%L7+0!2/8!L#7(!-(#6%!%!=8/+!=%+!7=L8(+'(#%+'!
<(! +8"/#=7! (7&=%/! L#(8(! %+! =%/6%(8+! =%!
%/6(%! $7(6#=%'! #%+6(%/:*+8+! /(! =8/+! =8! 6(K+! $6+!
=8!*%&"%0!$%(!/(!$(8+$8&68!&7!$7/=7!8!2/8!6#&+7!
%L7+'!<-#((7(7(!%+!=%/6%(8+!+8(!%!=8/+!@7&6+0!8!
2/8! 8(7! (7$+%'! !%(%! =7! $(#(8#(7! L8G0! %! (8#!
(7&=%/! -(#6':*%! 8! L#/:+8! 2/8! 8(7! -K(87'! <&6?%0!
8L#=8&$#7&=%:+8! 7(.%+! %+! $7(6#=%+! #"/7*(8&68!
6%*%+0!8!$%(%!&?%!6#L8++8(!7*(%>7=%0!=#++8:*+8+!%!
.%(! (8#! "7?%! 2/8! &?%! 6#&+7! +8&?%! +%*+7+! $7(7!
=7(:*+8+! =8! *7&67('! <! %+! =%/6%(8+! $%(8(7(:&7+!
"/*%+7(8&680! -%++8(! -K(87+! %/! (7$+%+'!

115
-8((#&%/!7!"/8((7!$#L#*0!6%=%+!.8&=#++8(7(!%!(8#!8!
=8! 8&6?%! 8(! =#7&68! 6%=7! "8&68! -8G! +8(L#(! V! (8+7!
2/7&67+!+%*+7+!*+8!7$(%/L8++8'!
!"!
#/#6%! +#($76#G%! $%(! %! (8#! "7?%'! =(%(86%!
#(#6':*%! &7! $(#(8#(7! %$7+#?%! 2/8! +8! 7$(8+8&67('!
18(! L#%*K&$#7+0! +8#! =8! #($8=#(! %! 2/7&6%! $%++7!
2/8!+8!7=%(8(!)%+!8!+%*+7+'!
18#! 2/8! 8Q#+68(! 8(! =8"\! 8! -%&2/#(!
$82/8&%+! =8/+8+! 8! 67*7$M8+! 2/8! =#G8(! -7G8(!
.7#Q7(! 7! */7!&%!(#&"/7&68!8!$(8=#G8(!$*7(7(8&68!
%!-/6/(%0!#+6%!60!L8(=7=8#(7(8&68!%!2/8!&?%!8Q#+680!
$%(2/8! %! -/6/(%! &?%! 8Q#+68'! 5%! 2/8! =8! (#(!
=8$8&=8(0! L8=7(8#! 7%+! 67*7$M8+! L#(8(! 7%! (8/!
#($6(#%!#&L8&67(!%!-/6/(%!8!7((#7(!V!*/7'!
Y/8! +/(#*+7>?%! +7L8(! +8#67+! 2/8! L?%! =8!
$#=7=8! 8(! $#=7=8! 7! $(%$7"7(! +8/+! (#6%+0! $%(%!
$+7(*76?8+! L8&=8&=%! +/7+! =(%"7+X! Y/8! %$(,.(#%!
$7(7!%!8+$J(#6%!+/(7&%!$(8+/(#(8(!&7>M8G#&+7+!
#&+#"&#-#$7&68+!+8(!7!L8(=7=8!8Q$*/+#L#=7=8!+/70!8!
2/8! %! L7+6%! #($6(#%! =7! !+#&7! $+7-/(=8! &%! 8((%X!
<&6?%! &?%! +8(#7! %! 18(! 1/$(8(%! +8&?%! %! =8/+! =7!
#*+7!)%((%+7!%/!=8!%%(&6/U!<.7&=%&7(#7!%!(8+6%!
=%!(/&=%!U!#8/!$7(%!!/!1/0!8*8!6!%!$7#!=8!6%=%+!
%+! +%(8&+'! <! 6%=%+! $8((#68! $%(8(! +%*+7+'! 18(!
L#(6/%+%! 6! 7! (7#+! =#"&7! +%(8&7"8(! 2/8! +8! *+8!
$%++7!(8&=8('!C(!$%(7>?%!$/(%!6!%!(7#+!+/.*#(8!
=%+!68($*%+0!$%(%!=#G#7!%!"(7&=8!#($8(7=%(!N#7%'!

116
!!
1'+(3*#)+,-*&*!
!!
!"#$"!
"8! L8G! 2/8! 7(7#+! 7! L#(6/=80! $%(%! 7!
$(76#$7(8#+!2/7&=%!-%(=8+!(8#U!
5?%! +8&=%! #&*/+6%! &8(! $7(7! $%(! (8/+!
L#G#&+%+!&8(!$7(7!$%(!(8/!$%L%'!
!"#$"!
5?%!.7+67!&?%!-7G8(!%!(7*'!"8L8(8#+!$(76#$7(!%!
.8('!"7(8#+!%!2/8!$%(8(!7%+!$%.(8+!8($(8"7&=%:
%+! 8(! 6(7.7*+%+! \68#+0! 8! &?%! $(8+8&687&=%:%+!
$%(!7!%$#%+#=7=8'!<(.8*8G7(8#+!7+!8+6(7=7+!(87#+0!
7.(#(8#+! $7&7#+0! $%&+6(/#(8#+! 8=#-J$#%+! $\.*#$%+0!
8+6#(/*7(8#+!7+!7(68+0!$(8(#7(8#+!%!(6(#6%!8(!2/8!
2/8(! 2/8! +8! (7&#-8+680! $8(=%7(8#+! 7+! -7*67+!
#&L%*/&6'(#7+'!
!"!
<! #++%! $+7(%! &?%! +8(! #&*/+6%'! -(767:+8! =8!
=8L8(8+'!
!"#$"!

117
=8&+7#+!$%(%!L8(=7=8#(%!(8#'!#7+!+'!%!(8#!8!%!
+%(8(0!7!L#=7!$\.*#$7!8!7!L#=7!$(#L7=7'!E%"%!L%+!
$7+7(8#+'!Y/7&67+!8+$%+7+!$%&67#+!68(U!
!"!
-8&+%!2/8!/(7!=\G#7!+8('!%!+/-#$#8&68'!#7#+!
$%=8(#7! -/(67(:(8! 7%! 6(7.7*+%'! 5?%! "%+6%! =8++8+!
(8#+! 2/8! 6K(! 6(8G8&67+! 8+$%+7+! 8! +868$8&67+!
$%&$/.#&7+0! 8! (#*+7(8+! =8! 8/&/$%+! $7(7! +8(L#:
*7+'!<++7!(7&#7!=8!8/&/$%+!+%.(86/=%!$7(8$8:(8!
/(!6(8(8&=%!/*6(7*8!V!&76/(8G7!+/(7&7'!Y/8!+8!
$7$8(0! 2/7&=%! (/#6%0! %+! "7*%+'! !%(! #++%! -#$7(!
(8*+%(8+! =8! $%(8('! 5/&$7! +8! L#(7(0! $%(6(0!
8/&/$%+! &7! $7&8*7'! =7(7! 2/8! (/6#*':*%+U! -8(! %!
=7*7#!*7(7!$#&2Z8&67!8/&/$%+!$7(7!$7&67(8(!8(!
+8/! $7"%=8'! 8%+67(#7! =8! +7.8(! +8! 6! "(76%! 7%!
!+7&":6#! %/L#(! 7+! L%G8+! =8! 672/7(7! (7$+7=7!
=8++8+!$#&2Z8&67!=8+(8(.(7=%+'!
<$+%! 67(.6(! (/#6%! (#=J$/*%+! 8++8+! .%&G%+!
2/8! &?%! +8! $7+7('! 87.7(:+8! =8! +8(! (7#+! +'.#%+!
2/8! %+! =8(7#+! $+#&8+8+'! =%#+! .8(X! Y/8! -7>7(!
8&6?%! -#*+%+! +'.#%+'! %%7! (%=7! 8++7! +%&(7(! %!
!+7&":6#! $(#L7&=%:%! =8! 7=%(7=%(8+X! 1#&"/*7(!
(7&8#(7! =8! +8(L#(! %! "K&8(%! +/(7&%0!=7&=%:*+8!%!
8Q8($*%! =7! $(,$(#7! 8Q6#&>?%X! "#G#7! %! .%(!
$82/8&%! *7(7! 168*$7! 8=! #+7&6! <((8$#./13! 2/8! 6%=%!
$7=(8! =8L#7! -7G8(! %! (7#%(! &\(8(%! =8! -#*+%+!
$%++JL8*'! <*8! $(,$(#%! =7L7! %! 8Q8($*%! 8! -%#! (/#6%!
\6#*! 8(! +8/! 68($%'! =%(! (#(! $7+7(8#! 6%=%+! %+!

118
*7(7+! 8! .%&G%+! 8! *7(#G7+! 8! .%&G7+! 2/8! 6#L8(8(!
L%$7>?%! $7(7! 8+67! +7&67! %.(7'! 18(?%! (8*+%(8+!
$#=7=?%+0! 8! $%(! #++%! $(8#%! $(8+67(! "(7&=8!
.8&8-J$#%!7%!(8#&%!=8!E%/'!
!"#$"!
@+!2/8!8Q$8*8&68!$(J&$#$8!68(8(%+X!)7G8#+:(8!
$+%(7(! =8! 7*8"(#7'! #7+! $8(67(8&68! &?%! 68(8#+! +,!
(/*+8(8+! 8! +\=#6%'! =%(2/8! 7-#&7*! &?%! +8! $%=8!
$7++7(!7!L#=7!7!*7L(7(!6=#6%+!8!-7.(#$7(!-#*+%+'!18(!
=\L#=7!68(8#+!7(#"%+U!
!"!
7'! %+! 68&+%0! 8! .%&+'! <=L8(68(:(8! =8! (8/+!
=8-8#6%+!8!8/!6%(%!7!*#.8(=7=8!=8!7$%&67(:*+8+!%+!
+8/+'!!%&+%*7:(8!8!8/!%+!$%&+%*%'!<!7(#G7=8!6!%!
.'*+7(%!=7!L#=70!.'*+7(%!+/$8(#%(!7%!=%!2/J(#$%!
<(/8#*./03!8!766!7%+!+72/868+!=%!"(7&=8! 7&%/=./;3'!
<=(#(7:(8! &?%! +8! +7L8(! -8#6%! =7! 7(#G7=8! /(!
$(8$8#6%! =8! (8*#"#?%'! "8+8*7(#7! #&+8(#:*%! 8(! &%++%!
(#6/7*'!
!"#$"!
=(8+8(L7#:L%+!=8!+8(8*+7&68!7(.#6(7(#8=7=8'!<!
7(#G7=8! *'! 6! +7"(7=7! $%(! +#! (8+(7'! 5/&$7! 7!
-%($8#+'!@!$%(7>?%!$(8$#+7!+8(!*#L(8'!18!-#G6++8#+!=7!
7(#G7=8! /(! $(8$8#6%0! /(! (#+66(#%0! /(! (#6%0! /(7!
$8(#(O&#70! (#*+7(8+! =8! .%&G%+0! $(8"7&=%! 8!
8+$(8L8&=%! +/7+! 6%*#$8+0! $%.(#(#7(! 8++8!

119
+8&6#(8&6%! =8! (#=J$/*%'! 5?%! =8L8#+! 8Q$O:*%! 7!
+8(8*+7&68!$(%-7&7>?%'!
#7+! $%(%! $(%$8=8(8#+! 8(! (8*7>?%! 7%+!L%++%+!
#&#(#"%+U! 5#&68! L8G8+! (8$%(8&=7! !%&":-/:6+8/!
2/8!%+!7(8(%+'!5?%!L%+!$7(8$8!/(!$%/$%!=#-J$#*U!
!"!
<(7(!%+!$(,$(#%+!#&#(#"%+U!18!6!6?%!$%(/(X!
!"#$"!
!%(%!%!8&68&=8#+U!
!"!
!%(%!6!=8!(#+68(0!$(8#%3!)#G!%!7$(8&=#G7=%!=7!
"/8((7! +%.! %! $(J&$#$8! =8! "6$%&./93! $%&6(7! %!
$(J&$#$8! =8! 5#+! %(/&$&'! Y/7&=%! /(! #&#(#"%! 8(7!
-8(#=%!8!$7J7!8(!&%++7+!(?%+3!6(76'L7(%:*%!$%(%!
+8! -%++8! &%++%! #((?%'! #/#67+! L8G8+! =8(%+! %!
$(,$(#%! *8#6%! 7! #&#(#"%+! -8(#=%+! 8! $(#+#%&8#(%+0!
=%((#&=%:*+8+! 7%! $6! +%.(8! $8*8+! =8! 6#"(8!
8+68&=#=7+! &%! $+?%'! 18(LJ7(%:*%+! &,+! (8+(%+'!
Y/8!(7#+!2/8(8(J8#+U!Y/8!%+!7('++8(%+!$%(%!+8!
7(7!V+!7(7&68+U!
!"#$"!
#/#6%! (8! 8=#-#$7! 6/=%! %! 2/8! =#++8+68+0! 8!
=8+8*7(#7! 2/8! 6%=7+! 7+! &7>M8+! L%+!
$%($(88&=8++8('! =%(2/8! (8! 7-#((7(! +7L8(!

120
$%L%+!7++7G!#($8(6#&8&68+!$7(7!=#G8(!2/8!&,+!&?%!
$%&+8$8(%+! 7! L8(=7=8#(7! L#(6/=80! 2/8! &%++7+!
.%7+! 7>M8+! &?%! $7++7(! =8! $8$7=%+! 8+$*K&=#=%+0!
2/8! &8$8++#67(%+! =7+! *#>M8+! =8! +8/+! 67*7$M8+!
$7(7! 2/8! &%+! 8&+#&8(! .%&+! $(#&$J$#%+'! !%#67=%+X!
#7*! 7$(8&=8(7(! 7! *8(! 8! 8+$(8L8(! 8! *'! 2/8(8(!
8&+#&7(!7%+!$(,$(#%+!(8+6(8+X!
!!
$%43*#)+,-*&*!
!!
!"#$"!
5?%! L%+! (8$86#(8#! 6%=%+! %+! */"7(8+! $%(/&+!
2/8! +'! $#&$%! %/! +8#+! (#*! 7&%+! +8! (8$#+7(! 8&6(8!
&,+!7$8($7!=8!6%=7+!7+!L#(6/=8+'!N'!L#(6/=8+!2/8!
&?%! %! +?%! +8&?%! $7(7! &,+! (8+(%+0! $%(%! 7!
$(/=K&$#7! $7(7! "/#7(! 7! 7*(70! 7! 68($8(7&>7! $7(7!
"%L8(&7(! %! $%($%! A! (8(%+! $(8$8#6%+! =8! $%*J6#$7! 8!
+#"#8&8'! 58(=7=8#(7+! L#(6/=8+! +?%! 7+! L#(6/=8+!
\68#+! V! +%$#8=7=8T! -#=8*#=7=80! (7"&7&#(#=7=80!
.8&8-#$K&$#70!6%*8(R&$#70!86$'!8(7>7+!7%+!$6/+!&?%!
+'!7L,!8&6(8!&,+!2/8!&?%!8&+#&8!7%+!&86%+!6%=7+!
8++7+! L#(6/=8+'! <*7+! $%&+6#6/8(! %! $#(8&6%! =7!
&%++7! */L8&6/=80! &7! $#=7=8! $%(%! &7! 7*=8#7'! N'!
$%&6/=%! /(7! "(7&=8! L#(6/=8! 2/8! $%(8>7! 7! +8(!
8+2/8$#=70!%!2/8!6!=8$*%('L8*'!
!"!

121
Y/7*! 6U! 57(%+0! =#G8#:(80! 8/! 6%(7(8#! 7! $8#6%!
(87*8&6':*7'!
!"#$"!
<!+%+$#67*#=7=8'!<++7!L#(6/=8!6?%!+%$#7*0!8++8!
+7"(7=%! *#7(8! 8&6(8! %+! +%(8&+0! 2/8! $%(8>7! 7!
(8*7Q7(:+8! =8+=8! 2/8! 68(%+! 67L8(&7+'! <%! 2/8!
=#G8(0! L8#%:&%+! 8++7! $8(&#$#%+7! #&+6#6/#>?%! =8!
$8(6%+! +8*L7"8&+! =%! @$#=8&68'! =7(8$8! 2/8! 8++8+!
(#+8('L8#+! &?%! 6K(! $7+7+! $7(7! 7$%*+8(! %+!
L#7*%(8+'!Y/8!$(7G8(!(8$8.8(!&7!"(7&=8!$#=7=8!=8!
E%/0! &7! *#&=7! $(7>7! =8! N%&$+?0! &7! $7+7! =8! Y/#0!
/(! "8&8(%+%! 8+6(7&"8#(%! (8$6(! $+8"7=%! =8!
17(7($7&=80!$7(7!2/8(!(8!6%(&7(#7!=8!8&6?%!8(!
=#7&68!/(!+%(8(!+7"(7=%!8!7!2/8(!6%=7+!7+!*8#+!
A!=#L#&7+!8!+/(7&7+!A!%.(#"7(#7(!7!(8$8.8(:(8!
8(!+/7!$7+7!2/7&=%!8/!L#7*7++8!$8*7!-7(6'(#7!8!7!
+8(!(8/!7(#"%!J&6#(%X!
@+!.'(.7(%+!=8!2/8!L%+!-7*7L7!+,!(8$8.8(!%+!
-%(7+68#(%+! 2/7&=%! $7"%+0! 8! 7#&=7! 7++#(! 8(!
7$+7L7+$7=%+! $%$+#$+%*%+'! 58&=8(! $7(%! 8++8!
7$%*+%! (#+8('L8*'! <$8+7(! =8! 6/=%! %/>%! =#G8(! 2/8!
8++7!$%.(8!"8&68!+8!$(8+/(8!+/$8(#%(!7!&,+!8!+8!
L7&"*%(#7! =8! 68(! (%(7*! (7#+! $/(7'! Y/8(8(! 2/8!
+8/+! $(8"7=%(8+! -7*8(! (8*+%(! 2/8! !%&":-/:6+8/'!
<&-#(! $(868&=8(! 8&+#&7(:&%+! */+6#>7! $%(!
L8&=8(8(! (7/! L#&+%! &7+! 8+6(7=7+! (87#+0! +/7+!
(/*+8(8+! +7J(8(! $%(%! *%/$7+! $8*7+! (/7+! 8!

122
=7&>7(8(!8&2/7&6%!7+!&%++7+!$/*6#L7(!.#$+%+!=8!
+8=7'!
!"!
<$+%! $*7/+JL8*! 7! +%+$#67*#=7=8! 8! $(76#$%:7!
$%(! $(7G8('! #7+! (8$8#%! %! 7./+%'! <Q#+68(0! &7+!
$8($7&#7+! =%! "(7&=8! -#.8680! $%L%+! 2/8! L#L8(!
$8++#(7(8&68!7*%*7=%+0!7(7&68+!=8!7&=8*7(0!2/8!
+8(!(%6#L%!7*"/(!+8(#7(!$7$7G8+!=8!$7*(#*+7(!%!
(/&=%! =8! $%&67! 7! $%&67'! <&67&6%0! +8! -%(=8+! 7%!
"(7&=8! -#.868! =8+-(/67(! 8&6(8! 8*8+! =%! =#(8#6%! =7!
+%+$#67*#=7=80! &?%! L%+! =7(?%! $7(7! &8(! $%(#=7'!
!%#+7+!67#+!$%=8(!-7G8(!=8+"%+67(!=7!$%*#=8G'!
!"#$"!
@! (7*! 6! $82/8&%! 8! -'$#*! =8! (8(8=#7(0! &?%! +8!
(8$8.8&=%! +8&?%! $8++%7+! .8(! (8$%(8&=7=7+'!
5?%! +'! L#(6/=8! 2/8! &?%! %-8(8>7! +8/+! (#+$%+'! =%(!
#++%!(8+(%!6!.8*%!7.(7>':*7+'!
Y/?%! +7&6%! 8! +'.#%! 6! %! &%++%! !%&":-/:6+8/X!
5?%! +'! L#(6/=8! 2/8! &?%! #&+$#(8'! <(! +/7+!
+8&68&>7+!8+6'!7!-8*#$#=7=8!=%+!+%(8&+'!<#+!/(7!
2/8! (8! L8(! V! (8(,(#7! A! 7! 2Z#&2/7"6+#(7!
68($8#(7T!
#4-%/24&$).'%$'=4&40&-.%$'-%/'=4&40&-.%$'4'<)/).$'
9%$'9.&734.$'5)$'.&<'+.)$:!
Y/7*! 7! ('Q#(70! 2/7*! 7! *8#! =%+! $%L%+! =%!
@$#=8&68! $%($7('L8*! 7! (%(7*! 6?%! $/(7U! <(!

123
2/7&6%+! $7++%+! $(8$8#6/7! !%&":-/:6+8/! 7!
+/(#*=7=8X! 18! %+! +%(8&+! $(76#$7++8(! 8+67!
L#(6/=8!*7(7#+!+7L8(#7!2/8(8*7+!+%.(8!7!68((7'!
!"!
E#! 6/=%! %! 2/8! 8+$(8L8(7(! !%&":-/:6+8/! 8! %+!
'(7.8+! =%+! +6$/*%+! $7++7=%+! 7! (8+$8#6%! =7!
+/(#*=7=8'!#7+!&#&"/6(!(8!$7(8$8!6K:*7!=8-#&#=%!
$%(! 8Q76#=?%'! -7*L8G! +8*7! $%/$7! +/(#*=7=8!
76(8L8(:(8!7!#&$(8$':*%+0!(7+!68&+%!$8*%!(8&%+!7!
+/(#*=7=8! =8! $%&-8++7(! &?%! %+! +7L8(!
$%($(88&=#=%'! "#G8#:(80! 2/8! $8&+7#+! =8++7!
L#(6/=8U!
!"#$"!
@.8=8$8(:L%+:8#! +/(#*=8(8&68'! 8$/6%! 7!
+/(#*=7=8! 7! (%=6+6#7! =7! 7*(70! $%(2/8! 7!
(%=6+6#7! 8Q68(#%(! &?%! $7++7! =8! $#L#*#=7=8'! 18(!
+/(#*=8! &?%! 6! &8"7(! 7! +#! $(,$(#%! /(7!
+/$8(#%(#=7=8! 2/8! +8! $%++7! 68(! 7=2/#(#=%! +%.(8!
%/6(8('! C(! .%(! (6=#$%! &?%! $%=8! =8#Q7(! =8!
(8$%&+8$8(!+7.8(!(7#+!2/8!+8/!$*#8&68!8(!=8*J(#%'!
)%(>7! 6! 2/8! /(! $(%-8++%(! =8! 7+6(%&%(#7! 7=(#67!
+8(!(7#+!$#8&68!2/8!+8/+!=#+$J$/*%+'!5?%!$%=8&=%!
&8"':*%0! &?%! =8L8! 6%=7L#7! $(8+/(#(:+8'!
N/(#*=7=8! &?%! 6! 7.*8>?%T! 6! $%((86#L%! =%! 7(%(!
$(,$(#%0!$%(%!7!(%=6+6#7!%!6!=%!%("/*+%'!
!"!

124
=%#+! .8(X! [! &%! 8Q8($J$#%! =8! 6%=7+! 8++7+!
L#(6/=8+! 8! &%! $/*6%! =8! /(! "8/+! +#($*8+! 8!
/&#L8(+7*! 2/8! 2/8(%! L#L8(0! *%&"8! =%+! =8*J(#%+! =%+!
+%-#+67+! 8! =7+! #*/+M8+! =%+! -7*+%+! $(%-867+'! 5%!
6(%&%0! %! 7(%(! 7%! $(,Q#(%! +8('! (#&+7! L#(6/=80! %!
7(%(! 7! "8/+! (#&+7! (8*#"#?%'! "8+$(8G7(8#! %! =8/+!
)%! 8! E7%! -+8/! 8! 5#$+&\0! 2/8! 67&67+! L8G8+! +8!
8&$7(&%/! 8&6(8! %+! +#&=/+0! 8! 17(%&%$%=%(0! 2/8!
.7#Q%/!=%!$6/!$7(7!-7G8(!=8!8+$7(7L8*+%!8&6(8!%+!
+#7(8+8+0!8!%+!$7(#+0!L#&=%+!=7!*/7!7%!77$?%'!
"8+"(7>7=%!=%!$%L%!+/-#$#8&68(8&68!$(86#&%!8!
.'(.7(%! $7(7! $8&+7(! 8Q#+6#(! /(! "8/+!
8Q$*/+#L7(8&68!$7(7!%!(8$7&6%!=%!(/&=%!8(!2/8!
+7.#67X! [! /(7! .*7+-K(#7'! 18! 7! */G! =%! +%*! 7*/(#7!
6%=%+!%+!%*+%+0!&?%!#*/(#&7(#7!7!*/G!=8!"8/+!(7#+!
2/8!/(7!(J+8(7!&7>?%!&/(!$7&6%!=%!"*%.%X!Y/8!
.*7+-K(#7X! Y/8! =#+*768X! <! "#L#&=7=8! -7*7! 7%!
$%(7>?%! =8! 6%=%+! %+! +%(8&+0! 8! =8! 8Q6(8(%! 7!
8Q6(8(%! =%! (/&=%! =8L8(! /&J:*%+! %+! *7>%+! =7!
$7(#=7=8'!
!"#$"!
@!+'.#%!-#*+%!%!(8#!=8!E%/X!)7*7+68+!$%(%!2/8!
#&+$#(7=%! $8*%! $(,$(#%! !+7&":6#'! 18(8#+! /(!
$(J&$#$8!=#"&%'!)/#!L%++%!(8+6(80!7"%(7!+%/!L%++%!
=#+$J$/*%'!

125
%21&%$-9('#(';23(" -=!">'

5+()'!
[!L8(=7=8!2/8!7&6#"7(8&68!%+!*7$%&8+8+!&?%!
+7.#7(! $%G#&+7(0! 2/8! +7L#7(! 8&6(8"/8! +8/! (8#&%!
7%! "(7&=8! *7(70! 2/8! %! "(7&=8! *7(7! =8$#=#7!
+%.8(7&7(8&68!=%!2/8!=8LJ8#+!$%(8(!8!.8.8(!8!=8!
68($%+!8(!68($%+!L%+!8&L#7L7!/(!$82/8&%!*7(7!
7! -#(! =8! $%.(7(! 6(#./6%+0! $7"7&=%:L%+! $%(! /(!
+#&7*! =8! $(%68>?%! -8#6%! $%(! %+! =%#+! $(#(8#(%+!
=8=%+!8!%!$%*8"7(U!
627*(89!
<#X!57=7!(7#+!L8(=7=8#(%'!-%=%+!%+!$7("%+!=8!
$7&/+#.9/3! A!%+!"(7&=8+!$%G#&+8#(%+!=7!&%++7!#*+7!
A!$%&-8(#7:%+!%!*7(70!8!&?%!$8(67(8&68!$%(!7(%(!
=8! "8/+'! <*6(! =#++%! 6%=7+! 7+! -7(J*#7+! +8$/*7(8+!
$7"7L7(! /(7! %&>7! =8! $(767! $%(! 7&%! 7! 8++8!
"(7&=8! $%G#&+8#(%! =%! -#.868'! <(! $7"7! =7L7:&%+!
(#&"/7=%+! $(76%+! =8! +%((JL8*! $7*7=7(! $+7(7=%+!
+%.8*%+'! <! 2/7&=%! *+8! =7L7! &7! L8&867! 7*"/(7!
&%L7!-7&67+#70!$%(%!=8$*7(7(!"/8((7!7%+!$%L%+!=%!
-7&"7680! 8+$%($+7L7:&%+! $%(! +/.+J=#%+!
+/$*8(8&67(8+'! #/#67+! L8G8+! &%+! 2/8#Q7(%+0!
$%(6(! .7*=7(8&680! 2/7&=%! &?%! &%+! -7G#7! $7"7(!
(7#+! 7#&=7'! =%(! -#(! %! 7(%(0! 2/8! 6/=%! (8+%*L8!
(7(7L#*+%+7(8&680! *#.8(6%/:&%+! =8++7! +8(L#=?%'!
C(! =8! &%++%+! #($8(7=%(8+! =8+7L8#%:+8! $%(! %!
"(7&=8! *7(7! $%(! $7/+7'! =8! /(7! (/*+8('! #7+!
126
=8L%!$%&-8++7(!2/8!2/8(!(7#+!&%+!L7*8(7(!&8++7!
2/8+6?%! -%(7(! %+! &%++%+! $7&/+#0! 67(.6(!
$+7(7=%+! $7#+$%+$#8'! <! 8*8+! =8L8(%+! 7!
*#.8(67>?%'!
<#+!%!2/8!+8!=8/'!
@! "(7&=8! *7(7! 6#&+7! /(7! (7&#7! 8&"(7>7=7T!
*/*"7L7!+8($(8!68(!(7G?%'!C(7!L8G!%/!%/6(70!$8*%!
(8&%+0! 2/8(#7(! %+! &%++%+! $7&/+#! 6K:*7! 67(.6('!
@! "(7&=8! *7(7! 7$+%/! 7.+/(=7! 67(7&+7!
$(868&+?%'! 5%++%+! $7&/+#! &?%! 7((8=7(7(! $6! 8!
(%($8(7(!=8-#&#6#L7(8&68!$%(!8*8'!
5+()'!
<! =8! 8&6?%! 8(! =#7&68! L#L8+68+! +8(! =\L#=7!
-8*#G8+!8!6(7&2Z#*%+U!
627*(89!
5?%! #&68#(7(8&68'! )%(%+! $8(+8"/#=%+0!
=#*7$8(7=%+0! =8L%(7=%+! =/(7&68! $8(6%! =8! =%#+!
+6$/*%+'! <(! L?%! $*8#687L7(! &%++%+! $7&/+#! 68(!
(7G?%'! 1%(8&68! +'! $8(! 7&%+! +?%! (7G%'L8#+'!
-7(.6(0! =8+=8! 8&6?%! $%=8(%+! %("/*+%+7(8&68!
$%&+#=8(7(:&%+! /(7! =7+! &7>M8+! (7#+! -8*#G8+! =7!
68((7'!
5+()'!
!%(%! $%=8#+! +8(! -8*#G8+! +8! A! 7! $(8(! &%! 2/8!
(8!=#++8(7(!A!L%++%!#($6(#%!+8!7$+7!=#*7$8(7=%!

127
$%(! =%G8! -7$>M8+! =8! $%G#&+7U! 5%! (J&#(%! 68(8#+!
=%G8!"/8((7+!$#L#+!$%(!7&%'!
627*(89!
=%(!2/8U!18('!2/8!$%(!68((%+!=%G8!$+8-8+!=8!
$%G#&+70! $7=7! 2/7*! $%(! /(7! (8$8#67! =#-8(8&680!
=8L8(8(%+! (767(:&%+! 8(! L8G! =8! *7&67(U! =8*%!
$%&6('(#%0! $%(8(8(%+! 6%=%+! V+! (#*! (7(7L#*+7+0!
$7=7!/(!=%!$%G#&+8#(%!2/8!(7#+!*+8!7"(7=7('!
5+()'!
"8! -76%! "%+6%+! &?%! +8! =8L8(! =#+$/6#('! <!
+#+6,(#70! $%(6(0! 6! 2/8! &#&"/6(! +8! $%($8&86(7!
=#++%'!"#+$/68(0!8!=7!=#+$/++?%!V+!=%!$7.%!6!/(!
$7++%'!
627*(89!
"8$%#+!=8!(/#6%!=#+$/6#((%+0!L8&=%!2/8!$%(!
#++%! +,! 6J&+7(%+! 2/8! $8(=8(0! 7$7.7(%+! %$67&=%!
6%*8(7(:&%+! (/6/7(8&68'! <(70! &?%! +'! =\L#=70! %!
(8*+%(!$7(6#=%!2/8!&%+!(8+67L7!6%(7('!
5+()'!
=%=8(J8#+! =#G8(:(8! 2/7#+! +?%! %+! $+8-8+! =8!
$%G#&+7! 2/8! $7(6#*+7(! 7! L%++7! &7>?%! &7! 7(68! =8!
.8.8(!8!$%(8(U!
627*(89!

128
=(#(8#(7(8&68! +'! %+! .(8/+8+0! 2/8! 8(! $7+%!
7*"/(! L%+! =7(#7(! (%($8*7! %/! *7(=%'! =(8$%&#G7(!
7+! -%&68+! $/(7+! =7! $%G#&+7! =%! 68($%! =%! %&>7'!
=(8-8(#(#7(! (%((8(! 7! (%(=#+$7(! /(! -(7&"%'!
Y/7&6%! 7%! (7#+0! 8QJ(#%+! $7*$/*7=%(8+0! 8! -%++8! %!
$7+%!=8!=#L#=#(!/(7!%&>7!=8!$(767!8&6(8!8*8+!8!%+!
%&G8! %/6(%+! $%G#&+8#(%+0! 7>7(.7($7(#7(! *%"%! 7!
(867=80! =8#Q7&=%! %! (8+6%! $7(7! %+! 2/8! (8*+%(!
+%/.8++8(!$%&67('!
5+()'!
=(8+/(%! &?%! $%+6/(7#+! $87(! $%(! "8&68! 6?%!
8+=(\Q/*7U!
627*(89!
!*7(%'! <(! +8"/#=7! LK(! %+! $#+$767+0! 2/8! 8(!
=868((#&7=%+! =#7+! =7! +8(7&7! 8! 8(! .%7! $7(68! =%!
7&%! $(8-8(#(#7(! $8(! L8G8+! $%(8(! (%=8*7+! =8!
(%=%L7*+%+0!6(/67+0!*#&"/7=%+0!+7*(M8+0!8+6/(*M8+0!
7! +7.%(87(! /(7! -(#67=7! =8! L#68*7! 2/8! *+8+! -#$7(#7!
$%(!/(!&7=7'!
Y/7&6%! 7! &,+! %/6(%+! $7&/+#0! +%(%+! =8L%6%+!
7$(8$#7=%(8+! =8! $7(&8! =8! L7$7! 8! =8! $8(67!
$7+68*7(#7! 2/8! 8(! *7$%&K+! +8! =#G! $/=#('! -%=7!
"8&68! $%&L6(! 8(! 2/8! %+! &%++%+! $%G#&+8#(%+!
+8*7(! (/#6%! (7#+! +'.8#+! 2/8! %+! =%+! $#+$767+'!
5#&"/6(! (8*+%(! 2/8! &,+! +7.8! $(8$7(7(! %! "7(/(!
=%+!(%(7&%+0!7+!$8.%*7+!=%!7&6#"%!<"#6%0!7!$7+67!
=8! "7-7&+%6%! =%+! $(#(8#(%+! '(7.8+0! 7! $7(&8! =8!

129
$7L7*%! =%+! 6'(67(%+'! 18($(8! +'! %! 2/8! 7$(8&=8(!
&%+! *#L(%+! =%+! $7&/+#0! $%(/(8&68! $+7(7=%+!
$7#+$%+$#8'!
<+$/+%:(8!=8!-7*7(!=%+!2/8!$%(8(!7!-8*/(%0!
7++#(! $%(%! =%+! 7=8$6%+! =%! (8"#(8! =8! 5#$7*&%0!
=%+! .76#+67&=%+! 8! 2/8! 67#+'! @+! 2/8&7(+0! $%(6(0!
(8(8$8(! 768&>?%! $7(6#$/*7('! 1?%! %+! \&#$%+!
$%&L#L7+! 2/8! &/&$7! L#! +8! 8(.%((7$+7(8(! &8(!
$(7"/8*7(8('! "#-#$J*#(%+! =8! 8&"7&7(0! 67(.6(!
&/&$7! 8&"7&7(! &#&"/6('! =7(8$8! 2/8! 7! *8#! 2/8!
(7&=7!7(7(!%!$(,Q#(%!$%(%!7!+#!(8+(%!-%#!-8#67!
8+$8$#7*(8&68!$7(7!8*8+'!=%(2/80!L8(=7=8!+8!=#"70!
$%(%! $%=8! /(! *7$%&K+! =#G8(! 7(7(! %! $(,Q#(%!
$%(%! 7! +#! $(,$(#%! +8! $%(! /(7! .7"768*7! (868:*+8!
/(7! .7*7! =8! $+/(.%! &7! $7.8>7! %/! =8$7$#67:%!
$%(! /(! $(#+! =8! 2/76(%! =8=%+! =8! *7("%U! Y/7&=%!
8*8! $(,$(#%! L#L8! 8(! $%&+67&68! (#+$%! =8! +8(!
=8"%*7=%!%/!8&"%*#(!.7*7+!=8!$+/(.%U!!%(!(7#+!
$(%$(#8=7=8!+8!=#('!2/8!8*8!%=8#7!%!$(,Q#(%!$%(%!
7! +#! (8+(%'! @+! 2/8&7(+! &/&$7! 6#L8(7(! =8++8+!
-/(%(8+'! "#G8(! 8*8+! +8(8(! %+! +%(8&+! 8-K(8(%+!
L7+%+! =8! 7("#*7! 8! 2/8! &?%! L7*8! 7! $8&7! +8!
=8+$8=7>7(8(! =8*#.8(7=7(8&68! /&+! $%&6(7! %+!
%/6(%+'!
!%&-8++%! 2/8! +8! &?%! -%++8! $7&/+#! &?%! (8!
=8+7"(7=7(#7! +8(! 2/8&7('! )%(>7! 6! (8$%&+8$8(! 2/8!
&?%! +'! (8#%! =8! .(#"7(! $%(! $%G#&+8#(%+! 6?%!
$7$J-#$%+'! N'! %/6(%+0! 8(! &\(8(%! #&$%&6'L8*0! 7!
2/8! $+7(7(%+! =#8+67+'! "?%! %+! =#8+67+! =8! $%(8(!

130
7!6%=7!"8&68!#&=#-8(8&68(8&68!8!8(!+/7!$7+7!+%#+!
*#L(8! =8! $%(8(! %! 2/8! L%+! =8(! &7! *J&"/7! A!
(8$+87=%0! *7(=87=%0! +8(! (8$+8#%0! +8(! *7(=%0! $%(!
%L%+0! $%(! ,*8%3! $8(=#G0! +7*(?%0! L#&+%! $7*+8680!
L#&+%!6#&6%0!6/=%!*+8+!6!#&=#-8(8&68'!!%&67&6%!2/8!
-7>7#+! 7*"/(7! %(7>?%! 7! "8/+! 7&68+! %/! 7$,+! %!
*7&67(0!%/!+#($*8+(8&68!7&68+!=%!7*(%>%0!8!+8*7#+!
+%&(7=%0!=8!.%(!"(7=%!(#(?%!$%&L%+$%!V!$/+67!=%!
"(7&=8! *7(70! =8! 5#$7*&%0! =8! #8(&?%! 8! %! (7#+!
2/8! +8"/8'! )8*#G(8&68! (8$%&+8$8(! 2/8! &%++%+!
$7&/+#! +?%! =%/6J++#(%+! 8(! (766(#7! $/*#&'(#70! 8!
+%.(86/=%! &/&$7! -7*7(! 8(! $8($87(! &%++7+!
(8&=7+'! <++#(0! L#L8(%+! &7! (7#+! 8=K&#$7!
+7((%&#7'!
5+()'!
#7+! 7! -#&7*! =8L8! +7L8(! /(7! $%G#&+7!
$(8=%(#&7&680!7!$%G#&+7!=%!(8#'!
627*(89!
!%&-8++%:%'!#7+!&76/(7*(8&68!=8$%#+!=8!+8/+!
"%(=%+! .7&2/868+! %! (8#! 8+6'! =8((868&=%! =8! .%(!
+/(%(! 8! &?%! $M8! 8(.7("%+! V! =#"8+6?%! =8!
&#&"/6('!
5+()'!
<! +8! 7*"/(! $7.8>7! =/(7! 8&$7+2/867(! =8!
$%(8(! &%! &7(#G! =%! (8#! +7*+#$+7+! 2/8! *+8!
(8$/"&8(U! 18! +8! (8/&#(8(! 7((7=%+! =8! "(8*+7+!

131
2/76(%!%/!$#&$%!(#*!=8++8+!#&=#LJ=/%+!$7(7!$%G8(!
+/7+!+7*+#$+7+U!18!#&+/*67(8(!7+!$8++%7+!7L8++7+!
8!+7*+#$+7+U!
627*(89!
58++8! $7+%! +8('! $(8$#+%! $/&#:*%+! $%(%!
.K.8=%+! 2/8! $8(6/(.7(! %! (8$%/+%! =%+! $#=7=?%+'!
=(8L#(%+! %! $8(#"%'! 1,! %+! 2/8! $%(8(! V! (87*! +?%!
$%&68($*7=%+! $%(! 7+! =#"&#=7=8+! =%! 8+67=%'!
-%=%+! %+! %/6(%+! $%=8(! $%(8(! $%(%! *+8+! =#67(! 7!
-7&67+#70! $%(6(! +?%! 8Q$*/J=%+! =%+! $7("%+'!
1%.8(7&7(8&68! #&68(=#6%+! 8! $/&#=%+! +8(!
(8(#++?%! +?%! %+! 6/(/*6%+! V! (8+7'! <67*+7:+8!
$/#=7=%+7(8&68! 6%=7! =#+$/++?%0! $%&+%7&68! %!
$(8$8#6%! =%! "(7&=8! $%G#&+8#(%! *7$%&K+! 1/-#! 7+%!
!/+!)*7$.9930!2/8!8+$(8L8/!&7!*J&"/7!+7"(7=7T!
!)1.$'.&'3$3/'#)41.1)4'$-(2*.$'
237&)+4')*+)-3/'4$1:::!
@! 2/8! 2/8(! =#G8(T! @! *7&67(! -%#! -8#6%! $7(7!
"'/=#%! (8$767=%! 8! (/&=%0! 8! &?%! +8! =8L8(! 76#(7(!
$%$%+!V!$7.8>7'!
!%(! 8++7+! ('Q#(7+! L#L8(%+! -8*#G(8&68! 8(!
&%++7!68((7'!<!*#.8(=7=8!#&=#L#=/7*!(%.%(%/:+8!+%.!
%+! &%++%+! 68$%+8(7'! !(8+$8! &%++7! (#2/8G7'!
=%++/J(%+! =/G8&6%+! */&$%+! =8! *#&+70! 8!
$%&+6#6/J(%+!%!68((%(!=%+!&%++%+!L#G#&+%+'!
5+()'!

132
=%(! 2/8! (%6#L%! 8&6?%! %! .%(! L8(+#-#$7=%(!
8$#&7.9H30!-#*+%!=%!$%867!#&=#7&%!=%!(8+(%!&%(80!
6?%! =8*#$7=%0! 6?%! 8Q76%0! 6?%! +7((%&#%+%0! 6?%!
8*%2Z8&680! =#++8! 8(! /(7! %.(7! =#='6#$7! (#(7=7!
#&6#6/*7=7!<!8(7>7!.&?%!<+!8(7>7+3T!
*'()2+%6'%&54'=+.#*)+)/'1)&1)$'#3 4$6'
*%<4'"'3/'1+.$14')-4+9%'54'#%3-)$'9.$,4$'-U!
627*(89!
@! $(,$(#%! 8$#&7! =8! 2/8! (8! -7*7#+! 6! /(!
"(7&=8!L#+#%&'(#%'!B"&%(7('!8++8!(J+8(%!+#&=/!2/8!
-%(%+! &,+! 2/8(! *+8! 8&+#&7(%+! %! 2/8! 6! 7! */GU!
Y/8!+8!&7!P&=#7!$%&+8$8(!7!(%67!=%+!$*7&867+0!7!
&,+! %! =8L8(U! Y/8! -%(%+! &,+! 2/8(! 8&+#&7(%+!
7%+! +%(8&+! 7+! *8#+! $(#(%(=#7#+! =7! &76/(8G7! 8! %!
$'*$/*%! =%! #&-#&#6%'! Y/80! +8! 6! $(8$#+%! =8+$8(! 7!
$%#+7+! (7#+! 6(#L#7#+0! $%&%+$%! 7$(8&=8(7(! %+!
+#&=/+! 7! $%&+6(/#(! */&$%+! +8"/&=%! $(%$%(>M8+!
(768('6#$7+U! Y/8! &%+! =8L8(! 766! %+! .%(G8"/#&+!
$+7(7=%+! (8#7+! =%! %-J$#%! $%(! 2/8! $%.(8(! 7+!
$8(&7+U! 18(#7! $%++JL8*! 2/8! 68&=%! #&L8&67=%!
67&67+! $%#+7+! 7=(#('L8#+! %/! \68#+! &?%! -O++8(%+!
&,+! (7#+! 2/8! *%/$%+0! 8! 2/8! /(! +%(8(! 2/8!
8+$(8L8/! 8(! L8(+%+! %+! =8+L7#(%+! =8! %/6(8(! -%++8!
%!\&#$%!+'.#%U!"8#Q8:&%+!$%(!7!&%++7!$%G#&+70!8!
+8! 2/#+8(! 2/8! -7>7! L8(+%+! +%.(8! 7++/&6%+! (7#+!
$%66#$%+'!
5+()'!

133
Y/8! 2/8(8#+'! <*8! 8+6'! #&6%Q#$7=%! =%+!
$(8$%&$8#6%+! =8! +/7! 68((70! =8! +8/! $7(6#=%! 8! =%+!
+8/+!$(,$(#%+'!
627*(89!
<((8X!Y/7&6%!$(8$%&$8#6%X!

134
%21&%$-9('#('3)*(%('

:/+93*(!
<&6?%0! $7(%! -8,6#(%0! #=8+! +8(! $'(%$%! &%!
#&68(#%(U!
.%;3+<*!
[! L8(=7=8'! "8(7(:(8! /(7! $7(%2/#7G#&+70!
(7+!$(8-#(%:7!7!/(7!"(7&=8'!##&+7!#&68*#"K&$#7!8!
76#L#=7=8! +?%! (8+6(#67+'! 5?%! $%=8(#70! $%(! $8(6%0!
=#(#"#(! +868&67! (#*! 7*(7+0! $%#+! +,! 68&+%! /(7'!
<=(#(%/:(8! +8($(8! 7! $%&-#7&>7! =%+! 2/8! $M8(!
%(.(%+! V! 8($(8+7! =8! (7&%.(7(! %! *8(8! =8++8+!
#(8&+%+! =#+6(#6%+'! <! (#(! (8! -7*8$8(! -%(>7+! $7(7!
(8!7.7*7&>7(!7!67&6%'!C(!(8.7&+%!(/#6%!"(7&=8!
(8! 7(8=(%&670! $%&2/7&6%! $%++7! $(8+67(! 7*"/(!
.8&8-J$#%!7!/(!$82/8&%'!<+6/=8#!+/-#$#8&68(8&68!
*/(#+$(/=K&$#7!$7(7!#($8=#(0!67&6%!2/7&6%!(8!-%(!
$%++JL8*0! 2/8! (8/+! $7(%2/#7&%+! +8! 7((/#&8(! 8(!
=8(7&=7+'! 18#! =8! (8=#$#&7! %! .7+67&68! $7(7!
$(8+$(8L8(:*+8+! (8(6=#%+! +#($*8+! 2/7&=%! $7J(8(!
=%8&68+'! !%&+8>%! =8! 7"(#$/*6/(7! %! 2/7&6%! .7+67!
$7(7! =7(:*+8+! *'! /(7! L8G! %/! %/6(7! /(! $%&+8*+%!
\6#*'!@!+8&+%(!=%!*/"7(!8!+/7!8+$%+7!+?%!$8++%7+!
+%&(7=7+0! 2/8! (8! 7*/=7(?%! 7! $(76#$7(! %! .8('!
<+$8(%! +8(! -8*#G! 8! -8*#G8+! -7G8(! %+! (8/+!
$7(%2/#7&%+'!
:/+93*(!

135
5?%! +8&6#+! &?%! 68(! /(7! 8+$%+7! 18(#7! /(!
"(7&=8! $%&+%*%'! !%(%! +8(#7! 7"(7='L8*!
8&$%&6(7(=8+! &%! *7(0! 7$,+! +7L8(! $(8"7=%0!
$7&67=%0! $%&-8++7=%0! $%(/&"7=%0! .76#G7=%0!
8&68((7=%0!/(7!(/*+8(G#&+7!=%$8!8!L#(6/%+70!2/8!
$/#=7++8! =8! L%++7! (%/$7! 8! =8! L%++7! $8++%70! 2/8!
L%+! =8+7"7+67++8! &7! +7\=8! 8! L%+! 7++#+6#++8! &7!
=%8&>70!2/8!L%+!.(#&=7++8!$%(!.%&#6%+!-#*+%+!$/*7!
.%7! 8=/$7>?%! 7$(%L8#67(#7! 7%! 8+67=%X! E7(8&6%:
L%+0! 7! L,+! 2/8! +8(L#+! 7%+! +%(8&+0! =8! L%+! L8(!
$(#L7=%!=8!6?%!&8$8++'(#%!*8&#6#L%'!
.%;3+<*!
<!#"(8*7!"(8"7!#&$#67!%+!$*6(#"%+!7%!$7+7(8&6%'!
@!(8+(%!-7G!7!#"(8*7!7&"*#$7&7!8!%+!$(%68+67&68+'!
"#L8(+7(8&68! $8&+7! 7! #"(8*7! *76#&70! 8! -%(>%+%! 6!
2/8! (8! +/.(867'! -7*L8G! +%*80! 2/8! %! 8+$J(#6%!
-#*%+,-#$%! (87*#G%/! 6?%! &%6'L8#+! $(%"(8++%+0! /(!
$%&$#*#%! #&+6#6/J++8! *8#+! (7#+! $%&+%7&68+! V!
+/(7&#=7=8! 2/8! %! $%&$J*#%! =8! -(8&6%'! 58++8! 8(!
(8#%0!$%(6(0!=8L%!$%&-%((7(:(8!V+!*8#+!L#"8&68+'!
[!$/+6%+%0!.8(!%!+8#0!(7+!67&67!"8&68!(8*+%(!2/8!
8/!7!67&6%!+8!(8+#"&%/!2/8!&?%!=8L%!(/((/(7('!
:/+93*(!
1'.#%!+%#+!8!+'.#7!6!7!L%++7!8*%2/K&$#7'!!%(%!
$%&67#+!$(8"7(!7%+!$7($%&8+8+U!
.%;3+<*!

136
!%(%! $(8"7(#7! 7! (8#+'! )7*7(:*+8+:8#! 7! 6%=%!
#&+67&68! =8! (%(7*! 8! *7(7#+! =8! $%&6(%L6(+#7+'!
"8-8&=8:(8! "8/+! 7$(%-/&=7(! 7! "(7>7!
$%&$%(#67&680! 7! "(7>7! 8-#$7G! 7! 2/8! +8! (8+#+680! 7!
+/-#$#8&68! 2/8! &?%! .7+67'! 58=7:(8! #&2/#(#(! +8!
6#&+7(!$%($%!%+!7&*%+!2/8!$%(8(7(!$%(!<.(7?%!
8! E,0! %/! +8! -#&"#(7(! $%(8('! N'! (#*! $%#+7+! 2/8!
(8/! 7/=#6,(#%! &?%! 8&68&=8(#70! 8! 8/! 6?%! $%/$%'!
"#*#"8&$#7(8#!-7G8(!"8&68!=8!.8(!8!#"/7*(8&68!+K:
*%'! #7+! &?%! -7(8#! 68,*%"%+0! 8! +8:*%:8#! %! (8&%+!
$%++JL8*'!
:/+93*(!
@+! 2/8! 8Q$8*8&68! $/(7X! N8#! =8! $%($(7(! /(7!
$7+7! =8! $7($%! &7! L%++7! $7(,2/#7'! Y/8! $8&+7#+!
=7!$%&-#++?%U!
.%;3+<*!
<! $%&-#++?%! 6! /(! ,6#(%! -(8#%! $%&6(7! %+!
$(#(8+0!2/8!&%+!*8"%/!7!(7#+!(8(%67!7&6#"Z#=7=8'!
<(7!$%+6/(80!%/6(%(70!$%&-8++7(:+8!&7!$8*8.(7>?%!
=8! 6%=%+! %+! (#+66(#%+'! B(#67(%+! 8! +7&6#-#$7(%+!
8+67! +'.#7! /+7&>7'! <! $%&-#++?%! (%L8! %+! $%(7>M8+!
/*$8(7=%+! =8! ,=#%! 7! $8(=%7(! 8! %+! *7=(M8+! V!
=8L%*/>?%!=%!-/(6%'!-8(!+/7+!#&$%&L8&#K&$#7+T!+'!
(/#6%+! $%&-8++%(8+! #&=#+$(86%+0! $7(6#$/*7((8&68!
8&6(8!%+!(%&"8+0!2/8!&?%!(7(%!8&+#&7(!V+!(%>7+!
(7#+! #&=8$K&$#7+! 2/8! 6%=%+! %+! (7$7G8+! =8! /(7!
7*=8#7'!57=7!=8!$%((8&%(8+!&7!$%&-#++?%'!5?%!+8!
6(767! =8! #&68((%"76,(#%! */=#$#7*0! +8&?%! =%!

137
(8$%&+8$#(8&6%!=7+!$(,$(#7+!-7*67+!$8(7&68!"8/+0!
-8#6%!$%(!/(!$8$7=%(!&7+!(?%+!=8!%/6(%!$8$7=%(0!
2/8!=8!+8/!6/(&%!67(.6(!+8!7$/+7(''!5?%!+8!-7G!
8++8! =8+7.7-%! +7*/67(! $7(7! +76#+-7G8(! 7!
$/(#%+#=7=8!=8!&#&"/6('!
:/+93*(!
<!7!8Q$%(/&+?%U!C+':*7:8#+U!
.%;3+<*!
5?%'! N'! (#6/7#+! 8(! 2/8! +8! 8Q$%(/&"7(! 7+!
.7#*7(#&7+0! %+! -8#6#$8#(%+! 8! %+! $%(8=#7&68+'! 5?%!
$(8$#+7(8#!$(%#.#(!7!8&6(7=7!V!#"(8*7!V+!.7#*7(#&7+0!
$%#+! &/&$7! 7! -(82Z8&67('! 5?%! 8Q$%(/&"7(8#! %+!
-8#6#$8#(%+0! $%#+! &?%! %+! +''! Y/7&6%! 7%+!
$%(8=#7&68+0! $%(%! %+! $8&+#%&7! %! (8#! 8! 7/6%(#G7:
%+! %! (7"#+6(7=%0! 7.+68(:(8:8#! =8! %+! =#-7(7('! <66!
L%+!$%&-8++%0!$%(%!7!7(#"%0!2/8!(/#6%!7$(8$#%!7!
$%(6=#7'! 2/7&=%! &?%! L7#! =8! 8&$%&6(%! 7%+!
$%+6/(8+'! 5/6(%! L8(=7=8#(7! $7#Q?%! 7! @!
##+7&6(%$%0! <6'*#7! 8! %/6(7+! $8>7+! 2/8! (8!
$7(8$8(! =7! 8+$%*7! =7! L#(6/=8! 8! =%! =8$%(%'! @!
+8&+%(! =7! (#&+7! 7*=8#7! -7G! (8$(8+8&67(! 8(! +8/!
$7+68*%! $8>7+! =8++7! &76/(8G7! $%(! *%L8&+! =8!
67*8&6%'! -7#+! 8+$86'$/*%+! #&+$#(7(! 7! L#(6/=8! 8(!
$%&+,($#%!$%(!%!$(7G8('!<=/$7(!%!"%+6%0!8&+#&7(!
7! .8(! -7*7(! 8! .8(! $(%&/&$#7('! 5?%! L8*%! &#++%!
+8&?%! /(7! (8$(87>?%! #&%$8&68! 8! 766! (/#6%! \6#*'!
!%&6%0! $7(7! #*/+6(7(:(80! 7++#+6#(! 7! 8++8+!

138
8+$86'$/*%+'! )7:*%:8#! 6%=7L#7! 8(! $7(7(%68!
-8$+7=%0!$7(7!&?%!8+$7&=7*#G7(!%+!+#($*8+'!
:/+93*(!
Y/7&6%!(7#+!(8!(8L8*7#+!L%++%+!+8&6#(8&6%+0!
(7#+! =8+8*%! 6%(&7(:(8! L%++%! $7(%2/#7&%'! C(7!
$%#+7!$(8%$/$7:(8T!$%(%!-7(8#+!$7(7!8L#67(!2/8!%+!
$7($O&#%+! +8! 8(.(#7"/8(! &%+! =#7+! =8! -8+67U! [!
8++7!7!+%*8&#=7=8!$%(!2/8!7+!$8*8.(7('!N7L8#+!=8!
LK:*%+!$(%+6(7=%+!$8*%!'*$%%*0!$7.8>7!$8&+70!(?%+!
=8+$7J=7+0! 8+6(%/L#&+7=%+0! (8=/G#=%+! 7! 8+67=%!
(7#+! L#*! 2/8! %! =%+! .(/6%+0! (8$%&=/G#=%+!
6#6/.87&68+!$7(7!$7+7!$8*7+!8+$%+7+!=8+-8#67+!8(!
$(7&6%0! #&$7$7G8+! =8! 8&-(8&67(! %! 6(7.7*+%! &%! =#7!
+8"/#&680! (/#67+! L8G8+! =%8&68+! 8! 8(.(/68$#=%+!
$7(7! %! (8+6%! =7! 8Q#+6K&$#7'! 58:*%+:8#+0! 8&-/&7=%+!
$8*%!L#&+%0!6(7L7(!(#Q7+!+7&"(8&67+0!767((7$7(8(:
+8! $%(%! -8(7+0! 8! &?%! (7(%! =8+-8$+7(8(! 8(! (%(68!
8+67+! $8&7+! 2/8! $%.(8(! =8! %$(,.(#%! 7! 8+$6$#8!
+/(7&7'!=8(=8!%!8+67=%!(7#+!+\=#6%!8(!-8+67+!=%!
2/8! 8(! .767*+7+'! !%(%! 767*+7(8#+! 8(! L%++7!
$7(,2/#7!6?%!8Q8$(7&=%!7./+%U!
.%;3+<*!
#8/! $7(6#=%! 8+6'! 6%(7=%'! !%&+8&6#(8#0!
#&+67(8#! 766! 2/8! $/*6#L8(! +8/+! $7($%+! &%+! =#7+!
=8! -8+670! 7$,+! %! +8(L#>%! =#L#&%0! 2/8! $8*8.(7(8#! 7%!
7*L%(8$8('! @! ,$#%! =%! -8(#7=%! 6! 2/8! %+! *8L7! V!
67L8(&7'!5?%!+'!$7.#=70!&%+!=#7+!$%&+7"(7=%+!7%!
6(7.7*+%0! $7(7! 7! =8L7++#=?%! 8! %! 7++7++J&#%'! @!

139
6(7.7*+%! (%=8(7=%! 6! $(%$#$#7=%(! =8! +7\=8! =%!
$%($%! 8! =7! 7*(7'! "8(7#+0! &8$8++#67:%! %! 8+67=%'!
1/$%&+7(%+! $8++#(#+67(8&68! $#&$%! (#*+M8+! =8!
+%(8&+! $/*%! 6(7.7*+%! =#'(#%! (8&=7! =8G! (#*! (6#+!
$%(!#&=#LJ=/%'!<%!$7.%!=8!/(!7&%0!$#&$%!(#*+M8+!
=8! +%(8&+! #&\68#+! =/(7&68! 6(#&67! =#7+! +8(?%!
6(#&67!L8G8+!$#&$%!(#*+M8+!=8!&%67+!=8!=8G!(#*!(6#+!
$8(=#=7+!$8*%!8+67=%!8(!(?%!=8!%.(7'!@(70!$*7(%!6!
2/8! "8/+! *7(7#+! $(8$8#6/%/! +8(8*+7&68+!
=8+$8(=J$#%+!8!.%((7$+8#(7+'!
:/+93*(!
<++#(!$%&$#*#7(8#+!7!(8*#"#?%!8!%!6(7.7*+%'!C(!
8! %/6(%! -%(7(! $(8+$(#6%+! $%(! "8/+'! 18(L#(8#+! 7!
"8/+!8!7%!$(,Q#(%'!#7+!2/8!$7(6#=%!6%(7(8#+!8(!
-7$8!=7+!=#+$/67+!8$*8+#'+6#$7+U!
.%;3+<*!
58&+/('! !%(%! $%&6(%L8(68(! 7! L#(6/=80! +8! 7!
L#(6/=8!$(%L6(!=8!"8/+U!"#+$/6#(0!+,!7+!%$#&#M8+!
=%+!+%(8&+'!
:/+93*(!
@+!8Q$8*8&68!$'(%$%X!17$#8&6#++#(%!$'(%$%X!

140
%&*1(<'%&*1&:2'

Y/8!#=7=8!68(!L%++%!7(#"%!!(#+6,L?%U!
5#&68! 8! %#6%! 7&%+'! 5#! +/7! $8(6#=?%! =8!
$7+7(8&6%! 8! =8! .76#+(%0! $%&+8>%:%! =8+=8!
$(#7&>7'! -8(! L#&68! 8! %#6%! 7&%+0! 68&+%! $8(68G70!
8+6%/!$8(6%'!
#7*! 7$7.%! =8! %/L#(! 7! (8+$%+67! =8++8! +%(8(!
6?%! +8"/(%! =%! 2/8! =#G! 8! =8! L#&68! %/6(%+! 2/8! %!
$%((%.%(7(0! L8&+%! 7! +7.8(! 2/80! $%(! (%6#L%+!
+8$(86%+! 8! +#&"/*7(! 8&"8&+%0! +8! 7&68=76%/! 7!
$8(6#=?%! =8! .76#+(%! =8! !(#+6,L?%'! <2/8*8+! $%(!
2/8(! -7*8#! &7=7! +7.8(! 7#&=7'! 5%! 8&67&6%0!
+8($(8!6#L8(7(!$8(68G7!=%!2/8!&?%!6'!
18!$8("/&6'++8#+!7!6%=%+!%+!+%(8&+!7&68+!=8!
!%$6(&#$%T!
A!@!+%*!*8L7&6%/:+8!+%*8U!@!+%*!+8!$O+U!
A! -8(%+! 7.+%*/67! $8(68G7! A! (8+$%&=8(:L%+:
#7(!V!/(7!!
-#&+7(! $8(68G70! 8! &%! 8&67&6%! 8+67L7(!
8((7=%+'!
1%(6#*6"#%+0! 7=#L#&+7>M8+0! %.+8++M8+! -%(7(!
=/(7&68! *%&"%! 68($%! 7+! $%#+7+! (7#+! $8(67+! =%!
(/&=%!7%+!%*+%+!=8!6%=%+!%+!$%L%+'!Y/7&67!"8&68!
$(8+7! =8++7+! #*/+M8+! &?%! 8+67L7! $8(67! =%! 2/8!

141
$(8+/(#7! L8(X! N%*8! 7$+7:+8! (8&%+! 8(! L%"7! 8++7!
$8(68G7'!
58(! L#+#67(:(8! /(! *%L8(! 8+6/=7&68! =8!
"8%(86(#7'! =(#&$#$#7&680! 7#&=7! +8! 7$+7! V+! L%*67+!
$%(!7!=8-#&#>?%!=%+!6(#R&"/*%+'!
A!5?%!6!$8(6%!A!$8("/&6%:*+8!A!2/8!%+!6(K+!
R&"/*%+! =8! /(! 6(#R&"/*%! +?%! #"/7#+! 7! =%#+!
R&"/*%+!(86%+U!
A! 5?%! +,! &?%! 68&+%! $8(68G7! A! (8+$%&=8:(8!
A!$%(%!&8(!+82/8(!$%($(88&=%!$*7(7(8&68!8++7!
$(%$%+#>?%'!
"8(%&+6(%:*+7'!!8(6#-#$7:+80!8!$7(7!%!(8+6%!=7!
L#=7'!
<#+! 7J! /(7! $8(68G7! (/#6%! =#-8(8&68! =7+!
7&68(#%(8+'! <2/8*7+! &?%! 8(7(! (7#+! 2/8!
$(%.7.#*#=7=8+! 2/80! 8Q7(#&7=7+0! (8L8*7(7(:+8!
8((%+'!<!$8(68G7!(768('6#$70!$%(6(0!6!#(/6'L8*!8!
868(&7'!
<Q#+6%'! =8&+%'! 1#&6%'! 18('! #++%! 6?%! $8(6%!
2/7&6%! /(7! L8(=7=8! "8%(66(#$7U! 1#('! =%(! 2/8U!
=%(2/8! 7+! L8(=7=8+! +8! $(%L7(! $8*%! $(#&$J$#%! =8!
2/8! &7=7! $%=8! +8(! 8! &?%! +8(! 7%! (8+(%! 68($%'!
5?%! =%++%! 8Q#+6#(! 8! +#(/*67&87(8&68! &?%! 8Q#+6#(0!
+8&6#(! 8! &?%! +8&6#('! C(! 6(#R&"/*%! &?%! $%=8! 68(!
$8&6%! 8! %#68&67! "(7/+! A! 7! +%(7! =8! =%#+! R&"/*%+!
(86%+!A!8!7%!(8+(%!68($%!&?%!%+!68('!

142
"8! (8+(%! L7*%(! +?%! $%#+! 7! $8(68G7! -J+#$7! =8!
2/8! 8Q#+6%0! =8! 2/8! +#&6%! 8! 7! $8(68G7! (768('6#$70!
8(.%(7!=8!"K&8(%+!=#L8(+%+'!
@!(8+(%!&?%!7$%&68$8!$%(!7!$8(68G7!2/8!+8!
-/&=7! 8(! 7$7(K&$#7+! %/! 68+68(/&+%+! /&R&#(8+!
=%+!+%(8&+'!
A! @(7! 8++7X! <&6?%! &?%! 8+67#+! $8(6%! =8! 2/8!
=82/#(! 8Q#+68U! 5?%! 68&=8+! 8(! $7+7! 8+6%-%+! =8!
=82/#(X! B&=#LJ=/%+! =%+! (7#+! =#L8(+%+! $7J+8+! 8!
%$#&#M8+0! 2/8! 8+$(8L8(7(! L#%*8&67(8&68! /&+!
$%&6(7!%+!%/6(%+!$(8"7&=%!7!L8(=7=8!8(!=82/#(0!
&?%!L%+!7++8L8(7(7(!7!8Q#+6K&$#7!=8++7!$#=7=8U!
A! <$+%! (/#6J++#(%! $(%L'L8*! 68(! 8Q#+6#=%! 67*!
$#=7=8'!#7+!&?%!7$%+67(#7!7!L#=7!8(!$%(%!8Q#+670!
+8!.8(!&?%!+8+#68!8(!7$%+6':*7!8(!$%(%!%+!6(K+!
R&"/*%+!=8!/(!6(#R&"/*%!$8(-7G8(!=%#+!(86%+'!
<+67($%/:+8!&%!"#$6#%&&7#(8!<&$;$*%$6=#2/8!
/(7!$%#+7!*%L#7*J++#(7'!1/+68&67:+8!*'!2/80!+8!(%!
=#++8++8! 6%=7! =7(#+0! 8/! =8L8(#7! 8+67(! 6?%! +8"/(%0!
6?%!$8(6%!=8!2/8!%!(7(8$+7*!=8!17Q8!(8++/+$#6%/0!
$%(%! %! 8+6%/! =8! 2/8! 8*8! L8&$8/! 7! .767*+7! =8!
)%&68&%;0! 2/7&=%! 6%=7! =7(#+! (%! 7++8L8(7'! @!
(7$#%$J&#%! 6! 7=(#('L8*T! !(8#%! 8(! =7(#+! 2/7&=%!
6%=7! 8*7! (8! =#G! $%#+7! (%(7*(8&68! $%++JL8*3!
$%(67&6%! &?%! =8L%! $(8:*7! 2/7&=%! (8! =#G! $%#+7!
(%(7*!8!-#+#$7(8&68!#($%++JL8*'!

143
=7(8$8! 2/8! %! 7/6%(! 2/8(#7! (#(0! 8! 2/8! %! %/6(%!
7/6%(! 2/8! +8! 8Q67+#7! 7%! -#(! =8++8! 7(6#"%! 8+$(#6%!
$%&6(7!+#!$(,$(#%!67(.6(!%!2/8(#7'!

144
%#8'#(-'2"1$7(-'=(>'

18!/(!.#$+%!=7!+8=7!=8++8!%!&%(8!=8!$6/!7%!
-(%/Q8*!2/8!*+8!8&L%*L8!%!$7+/*%0!&?%!(7$#%$#&7(#7!
$#%(! 2/8! %+! 7&6#"%+! $+7(7&=%! $6/! V! 76(%+-8(70!
2/8!60!$%(%!(/#6%!.8(!=#G!%!1('!=8!)%&68&8**8!8(!
+8/+!#%&=8+0!%!$%6?%!=%!&%++%!$7+/*%'!
@+! L7$%(8+! 2/8! +8! 8Q7*7(! =%+! (7(8+! 8! =%!
+%*%! 8! -%((7(! 7+! &/L8&+0! %+! (868%(%+! 8! %+!
6(%LM8+0! -%(7(! 7! $(#&$J$#%! 6%(7=%+! $8*7! (%(7=7!
=%+! =8/+8+'! <(! N%(8(%! %+! =8/+8+! +8($(8!
=8+$8(! 8(! &/L8&+! =8! %/(%'! 58(! =7J! 7#&=7! +%*8!
(8$(8+8&67(8(:&%+! %+! $#&6%(8+! +8&67=%+! 8(! /(7!
&/L8('! #7+! $%(%! 8(7! */+6%! 8+6#L8++8! %! +8&+%(!
=%+!=8/+8+!(7#+!7!L%&67=8!2/8!%+!%/6(%+0!=8(7(:
*+8!/(7!'"/#7!$%(!L8J$/*%0!$%(!+8(!7!7L8!2/8!(7#+!
7*6%!L%7'!
58&=%! %+! +8&+%(8+! =7+! $#=7=8+! (%(7(8(! 8(!
$#=7=8*7+! 8(867+! &7+! 7++%(7=7+! =7+! (%&67&+7+0!
*/*"7(7(! %+! 7&6#"%+! "(8"%+! 2/8! %+! =8/+8+!
67(.6('! =8L#7(! 68(! /(7! $#=7=8*70! 8! $%*%$7(7(:
&7!&7!-8++'*#70!&%!(%&68!@*#($%0!$/*%!L6(6#$8!&?%!
(7(%! +8! 7(%(67*+7! =8! &/L8&+! "8! +%(68! 2/8! +8/!
$7*'$#%!+8!7$+7L7!&%!(8+(%!&JL8*!=%!$6/'!
<+6(8*7+! 8! $*7&867+0! 2/8! $7(8$8(! 8&"7+67=%+!
&7! 7.,.7=7! 7G/*! =7! 76(%+-8(70! -%(7(!
6(7&+-%((7=%+! 8(! %/6(7+! 67&67+! (%(7=7+! =8!
=8/+8+'! 1868! =8&6(8! 8+68+! 6#L8(7(! $7=7! /(! +8/!
145
$*7&867'! @+! %/6(%+! 7*%*7(7(:+8! %&=8! (8*+%(!
$/=8(7('! <(! +7*7! 7! 2/8! $%&=/G#7! 7! L#7! *'$687!
(8/&#7:+8!%!$%&+8*+%!"8(7*!=%+!=8/+8+T!&8$8++'(#%!
8(7! 2/8! 6#L8++8(! +8/! $%&"(8++%! &%! 7(0! *'! 2/8! %+!
+%(8&+!6#&+7(!+8/+!$7>%+!(/&#$#$7#+!&7!68((7'!
Y/7&=%! %+! 6#6?+0!8+$6$#8!=8!7&#(7#+!8&6(8!%+!
=8/+8+! 8! %+! +%(8&+0! =8$*7(7(7(! /(7! "/8((7!
*/+6J++#(7! 7%+! =8/+8+! 8(! L#&=#$7>?%! =8! +/7!
+8(7&>7! $768(&7! A! +8&=%! $%(%! 8(7(! -#*+%+! =%!
!6/!8!=7!-8((7!A!&?%!6#L8(7(!(7#+!2/8!8($#*+7(!
=/7+!%/!6(K+!(%&67&+7+!/(7+!+%.(8!%/6(7+!$7(7!
+8! 6%(&7(8(! +8&+%(8+! =%! $6/! 8! =%! $7+68*%! =%!
@*#($%'!
!494'0%+41'14++.$'$4-3+.%+')+533$')41*4+6'
)004-1)$$4'04+3&1'+47&3/'-%4#4$14'7.7)&14$6'
)#1)834'-%&74$1%$'$1+3%.$$4')5'$.54+)'/%&14$:!
<++7! -J+#$7! =8! $(#7&>7+! 8! =8! L8*+%+! 8(7!
7&6#2/J++#(7'!!%&6/=%!6!(/#6%!$(%L'L8*!6#L8++8(!
%+! $7*=8/+! #=6#7+! 6?%! +?+! 2/7&6%! &,+! =%! 2/8! +8!
$+7(7! %! $6/'! !%*%$7L7(! 8*8+! %! 1%*! &%! $8&6(%! =%!
&%++%! (/&=%! $*7&86'(#%0! 8(! =#+6R&$#7! =7! -8((7!
7$(%Q#(7=7(8&68!7!(8+(7!(8$%&+8$#=7!+%*8'!<(!
6%(&%! =%! 1%*! -7G#7(! "#(7(! 7! -8((7! 8! 6%=%+! %+!
$*7&867+0! 8&+#&7:&%+! <(#+67($%! =8! 17(%+'! [! %!
L8(=7=8#(%! +#+68(7! =%! /&#L8(+%0! $%+68(#%((8&68!
(88=#67=%! $%(! !%$6(&#$%'! @+! -#*,+%-%+0! $%(6(0!
"/7(=7L7(! %! +8"(8=%! $7(7! +#0! 7! -#(! =8! +8(8(!

146
(7#+!(8+$8#67=%+!$8*%+!(8#+!8!$8*%!$%L%0!%/!7&68+0!
$7(7!&?%!+8(8(!$8(+8"/#=%+'!
[! 6?%! -7(#*#7(! 7%+! +%(8&+! 7! *#&"/7"8(! =%!
8((%! 2/8! 7#&=7! $+7(7(%+! $6/! 7%+! L7$%(8+! 8! 7%!
8+$7>%! 8&6(8! 7! -8((7! 8! 7! E/7'! "#G8(%+! +/.#(! 7%!
$6/0! $%(%! =#G8(%+! 2/8! %! 1%*! "#(70! $%&2/7&6%!
+7#.7(%+! 2/8! &?%! 6! 7++#('! =%++#L8*(8&680! $7(7!
+7.#67&68+!=7!E/70!&,+!6!2/8!+%(%+!%!$6/'!!7=7!
$*7&867!$%*%$7!%!+8/!$6/!&%!$*7&867!L#G#&+%'!
18! +8! $8("/&67++8! 7! N%(8(%! $7(7! 2/8! $6/!
6#&+7! #=%! 7! 7*(7! =8! 17($6=%&0! %&=8! 8+67L7! 7! =8!
N6($/*8+0! $O(:+8:#7! %! "(7&=8! $%867! 8(! $7*>7+!
$7(=7+'! !8(67(8&68! (8+$%&=8(#7! $%(! L8(+%+!
+7((%&#%+%+'!
!%(%! +7.8(! +8! 7! 7*(7! 76(87! =8! N6($/*8+! +8!
7$+7(#7!(7#+!7!L%&67=8!8(!5K&/+!%/!176/(&%!2/8!
&7! -8((7U! @/! 8+67(#7! &%! 1%*U! [! =8! $(8(! 2/8! &?%!
8+6#L8++8! (/#6%! 7! L%&67=8! &8++7! -%(&7*+7'!
)#&7*(8&680! 2/8! 8&68&=8(#7(! %+! 7&6#"%+! $%(! %!
$6/U! B"&%(7L7(! %! 2/8! -%++8'! 18($(8! =#++8(7(! %!
$6/!8!7!68((7'![!$%(%!+8!=#++8++8(!%!#&-#&#6%!8!/(!
'6%(%'! =(%$(#7(8&68! -7*7&=%! &?%! 8Q#+68! $6/'! @!
2/8! +'! 6! /(7! 2/7&6#=7=8! $(%=#"#%+7! =8! "*%.%+!
"#(7&=%! &%! L7G#%! =%! 8+$7>%0! /(! =%+! 2/7#+! 6! 7!
-8((7'!
!(#7(!%+!7&6#"%+!2/8!#(!7%+!$6/+!8(7!+/.#('!<!
L8(=7=80!$%(6(0!6!2/8!&?%!+8!+%.8!=8!/(!7+6(%!7!
%/6(%'!<+6?%!%+!$%($%+!$8*8+68+!67&6%!7.7#Q%!$%(%!

147
7$#(7! =%! &%++%! +%(#G%&68'! <++#(0! +/$%&=%! 2/80!
68&=%! L#&=%! 7! =7-%+0! 5K&/+! (8"(8++7++8! 7! +8/!
$*7&867! 2/7&=%! 8+68! +8! +%/L8++8! $%+6%0! &?%!
+/.#(#7! 8(! (8*7>?%! 7%! &%++%! +%(#G%&68T! $8*%!
$%&6('(#%0! =8+$8(#70! 8! &8++8! $7+%! =8L8(#7! =#G8(:+8!
=8+$8(! 7%! $6/'! =%(6(! %+!7&6#"%+!&?%!7*$7&>7L7(!
67#+! +/6#*8G7+'! -#&+7(! &%>M8+! L7"7+0! #&$8(67+0!
$%&6(7=#6,(#7+! +%.(8!6/=%!2/8!$%&$8(&#7!V0!-J+#$7'!
<+$(8L8(7(:+8! L%*/(8+! =8! *6"/7! 8! (8#7! 7! -#(! =8!
+7.8(!%!2/8!$8&+7L7(!7$8($7!=8!/(!+8(!&\(8(%!
=8! 2/8+6M8+! 2/8! 67#+'! %7+67(#7(! =/7+! $7*7L(7+T!
&?%!$8&+7L7('!
18($(8! 6! .%(! 8Q$86/7(! 7*"/&+! +'.#%+! #7+!
L#8(7(! (7#+! 67(=8'! =%/$%+! (7&#-8+67(7(! +8/+!
$8&+7(8&6%+0! 8! -%#! %! 2/7&6%! .7+6%/! $7(7! 2/8! %+!
$+7(*76?8+! %+! (7&=7++8(! $7(7! %! $6/! $8*%!
$7(#&+%!(7#+!$/(6%!!
=(868&=8/! /(! 8+$(#6%(0! $+7(7=%0! $(8#%3!
=*/$+80!$(%(%L8(!#%#+6+!7!"(7&=8!-J+#$%'!7'!7&68+!
%/6(%! %! $%&$#*#7(7! $%(! "8+$7(68+! 8! =8(7! V!
8+67($7! %! !7(68+#/+! #%+7#G7&+'! <! =7(:*+8!
%/L#=%+! -%#! #%#+6+! 2/8(! $(#(8#(%! $%&$8.8/! %+!
6/(.#*+M8+! 8! 7! (766(#7! +/6#*'! [!&%!8&67&6%!$%(!=8!
(7#+!+7.#=%!2/8!"8/+0!-7G8&=%!#%#+6+!/(!"(7&=8!
*8"#+*7=%(0! /(! "(7&=8! $(%-8670! &8(! +82/8(! *+8!
$7++%/! $8*7! L8&867! -7GK:*%! $(%-8++%(! =8! -J+#$7'!
#%#+6+! 8&+#&%/! 7%+! */=8/+! 2/7*! 8(7! +8/! =8L8(0!
(7+! &?%! *+8+! =#++8! $7*7L(7! =8! -#*%+%-#7'! !7*(860!
2/8!$%($#*%/!V+!$7G7=7+!8!+8(!&/&$7!(7$#%$#&7(0!

148
-7*7! =8! +#+68(7! =%+! +8.(8/+'! =%(6(! 8++8! $%L%!
"(%++8#(%!&/&$7!68L8!+#+68(7!7*"/('!58(!+82/8(!
$%++/J7(!8+$%*7!=8!"8%(86(#7'!@!68((%!8(7!"(8"%!
$7(7!8*8+'!1/7!$#K&$#7!8(7!%!%-J$#%!=8!$%((86%(!8!7!
/+/(7'!
"8$7(7(:+8! 8(! +8/+! *#L(%+! 7*"/(7+! #=6#7+!
%.+$/(7+0! #&$%8(8&68+0! =#"&7+! 8(! 6/=%! $%(! 6/=%!
=8! /(! $%L%! .'(.7(%0! +%.(8! 7! 8+6(/6/(7! =%! $6/'!
18/!$(#(8#(%!$6/!8(7!%!7('!@!-#((7(8&6%0!+,*#=%!8!
=8! "8*%0! +/+6#&+7! 7+! '"/7+! +/$8(#%(8+0! 2/8! 7%!
68($%! =%! =#*\L#%! L7G7(7(! =8++8! (8+8(L76,(#%! $%(!
$%(67+0!8+$*/+7+!8!$767(767+'!
<$#(7! =%! -#((7(8&6%! %/! =7+! '"/7+!
+/$8(#%(8+!8+67L7!%!68($8#(%!$6/!%/!8($J(8%0!$7(7!
%&=8! -%#! 7((8.767=%! 1'! =7/*%'! )%((7L7! %!
-#((7(8&6%! /(7! 8+$6$#8! =8! (8#7! 7.,.7=7!
$%&6#&8&68!=7!-8((7'!@!1%*!&?%!"#(7L7!8(!6%(&%!=7!
-8((7!$%(2/8!+82/8(!$%&$8.#7(!2/8!7!68((7!-%++8!
(8=%&=7'! !+8"7&=%! 7%! %$#=8&680! L%*67L7! 7%!
%(#8&68! $%(! $7(#&+%! =8+$%&+8$#=%'! <! +8! &?%! +8!
L#7!8(7!8(!L#(6/=8!=8!2/80!$%(%!=#++8!%!.7(?%!=8!
)%8&8+680!=8+7&=7L7!=8!&%#68'!
-%=7+! 8++7+! -7&67+#7+0! 7=%67(7(:&7+! %+!
+8.(8/+! =%+! %/6(%+! $%L%+'! !%&+#=8(7L7! %! $6/! 7!
(7#%(#7!=7+!&7>M8+0!6#(7&68!7!8+$%*7!=%+!$7*=8/+0!
$%(%! /(! +,*#=%'! <! -8((70! -#Q7! 8! #(,L8*0! 8(7! (7#+!
*%&"7! /(! "(7&=8! 68(>%! =8! %(#8&68! 7! %$#=8&68! 2/8!
=8!(8#%!=#7!7!&%(68'!"7J!7+!8Q$(8++M8+!*%&"#6/=8!8!

149
*76#6/=80! $%(! &,+! $8(-#*+7=7+'! !*7(%! 2/80! =8+67!
-%((70! 8(7! #($%++JL8*! +7L8(! 7&6J$%=7+'! 16%'!
<"%+6#&+%! 6(767! 7! #=6#7! =8! 7&6J$%=7+! =8! 7.+/(=%0!
8! =#G! 8Q$(8++7(8&68! E7$6R&$#%T! ,N7L8('!
#&=#LJ=/%+! 6?%! 8+6\$#=%+! 7! $%&6%! =8! $(8(8(! 2/8!
$%++7!+7L8(!+%(8&+!=8!$7.8>7!$7(7!.7#Q%U4!
=8("/&67! 1'! !(#+,+6%(%! 8(! +/7! =6$#(7!
2/7(67! +%(#*#7T! ,@&=8! 8+6?%! %+! 2/8! $(868&=8(!
2/8!%+!$6/+!+8*7(!#(,L8#+!8!=8!-%((7!$#($/*7(U4!
"#G! 7#&=7! E7$6R&$#%! &%! *#L(%! 68($8#(%! =7+!
B&+6#6/#>M8+T! ,=%=8(#7! =8(%&+6(7(:L%+! $%(! /(7!
8&-#7=7! =8! 7("/(8&6%+! 2/8! 6! #($%++JL8*! 2/8! %!
$6/!$#($/&=8!7!-8((74!
Y/8!=#"7!2/7&6%!2/#+8(!%!7/6%(!=%!<+$86'$/*%!
=7!576/(8G7!68(8(!+#=%!E7$6R&$#%!8!1'!!(#+,+6%(%!
"(7&=8+! -#*,+%-%+'! 8+$%&=8(:*+8:8#+! 68(8(! +#=%!
"(7&=8+! +7&6%+! 8! 2/8! $7(7! 67&6%! &?%! 6!
#&=#+$8&+'L8*! +8(! .%(! 7+6(O&%(%'! <$(8=#6':*%+:
8#+!&%!$6/T!(7+!-%(>7!6!$%&-8++7(=8+!2/8!#"&%(7#+!
8(!2/8!$%&6%!$(8$#+7(8&68'!

150
%?$"2'=#2>'

57(%+! V! !+#&7! 7! $(%$/(7! =8! 68((70! $%(%! +8!


&%+! -7*67++8'! -8$#=%+0! $%(%! +8! =8! 68$#=%+!
$7(8$K++8(%+'! !8(67! 8(L7! $7(7! #&-/&=#(! &^'"/70!
$%(%! +8! &%++%+! $*#(7+! &?%! $(%=/G#++8(!
+J($*#$8+'! <(! $7"7! 6#(.(7(%+! 8(! 2/8(8(!
$%&L8(68(! %+! $+#&8+8+'! `8*%! $*7/+#.#*J++#(%'! #7+!
&8(! $%(! #++%! $(8$#+7(%+! $%&68+67(! +/7!
7&6#"Z#=7=8! 8! *7&>7(:*+8+! 7! 67$+7! =8! #=,*76(7+'!
Y/8! =#(J8#+! =8! /(! $7$/$+#&+%! 2/80! =8$%#+! =8!
"8&8(%+7(8&68! 7$%*+#=%! $8*%+! #%&6(%(8&$;! 8(!
/(! =8! +8/+! $7+68*%+0! 2/#+8++8! $8(+/7=#:*%+! =8!
2/8!+?%!&%.(8+!-8#6%+!=7!&%#68!$7(7!%!=#70!$%(%!%+!
+8$(86'(#%+! =%! (8#0! 8! %+! 7$/+7++8! =8! #=,*76(7+! $%(!
8&$%&6(7(! &%! $7+68*%! =/7+! %/! 6(K+! 8+6'6/7+! =8!
$%&=8+6'L8#+! 7! 2/8(! %+! #%&6(%(8&$;! L%67++8(!
$(%-/&=%!(8+$8#6%U!
=(%-8(#/! $8(67! L8G! %! -7(%+%! W%*-0! $768=('6#$%!
=8! (768('6#$7+! &7! /&#L8(+#=7=8! =8! N7**80! /(!
(7"&J-#$%! =#+$/(+%! 8(! *%/L%(! =7! -#*%+%-#70!
$+#&8+7'! <*%"#%/! 7! 8++7! (#*8&'(#7'! 8+6#($8! =8!
+%(8&+! A! =#-8(8&68+! =8! &,+! $8*7! .7(.70! $8*%+!
%*+%+0! $8*%! &7(#G0! $8*7+! %(8*+7+! 8! $8*%! (7$#%$J&#%!
A! %! 7=%(7(8(! /(! "8/+! +/$(8(%! 8! 7(7(8(! 7!
L#(6/=8! 8&=#7! 8++7! */+6#>7! 7%+! #($8(7=%(8+! =7!
!+#&70! 7%+! $%*7%0! 7%+! 6(#./&7#+0! V+! *86(7+'! <!
*/+6#>7! 2/8! +8! (8&=8! 7%+! .%&G%+! 6! /(! $%/$%!
=#-8(8&68'!

151
W%*-!76(7J7!7!N7**8!/(!(#*+8#(%!=8!8+6/=7&68+!
=8! 6%=7+! 7+! &7>M8+'! N7L#7! &7! (8+(7!
/&#L8(+#=7=8! /(! $(%-8++%(! =8! 68%*%"#7! A! 768&=#7!
7%! &%(8! =8! E7&"8! A! 2/8! &?%! 76(7J7! &#&"/6('!
<+68! +%(8(0! =8+8+$8(7=%! $%(! "8*7(! =8! -(#%!
+%G#&+%! &%! *%$/6,(#%0! (8+%*L8/! $8(=8(! %! $(%-8++%(!
=8!(768('6#$7+'!#7$72/87&=%!%+!=8!+/7!#"/7*+70!
7$/+%/:%!=8!&?%!$(8(!8(!"8/+'!
=(868&=#7(! 7*"/&+! 8+$(#6%(8+! 8/(%$8/+! 2/8!
&/&$7!+7L#7(!8+67=%!&7!!+#&7!2/8!%!"%L8(&%!=8!
=82/#(!8(7!768/'!W%*-!8*%"#7(7!=82/#('!E%"%0!W%*-!
8(7! 768/'! #8*+%(8+! +#*%"#+(%+! &/&$7! +%/.8(7(!
-%(*7(! 7! #&L8*7! 8! %! ,=#%'! !%((%.%(7=%! $%(! /(7!
$7.7*7! 8! /(! $(%686%(0! 7$+%/! %! (8#! =8! B&"*768((7!
$%&$*/+#L%! %! 7("/(8&6%! =8! E7&"8! 8! $(%$O+! 7%!
(768('6#$%! /(! =#*8(7! -%((7*T! =8#Q7(! N7**8! 8(!
L#&68! 8! 2/76(%! +%(7+! %/! +8(! $8&=/(7=%! A! !%(%!
6#&+7! 8! 2/#+8++8! $%&+8(L7(! 7! $7.8>7! &%! */"7(0!
W%*-! 8+$%*+8/! %! $(#(8#(%! 7*L#6(8'! 1/7! (86#(7=7!
+/.6(7#/!7%!(8#!=/G8&6%+!%/!6(8G8&6%+!(#*!8+$/=%+!
7&/7#+0!2/8!8(7!2/7&6%!-7G#7!8&6(7(!&%!(8#&%!8++8!
-#*,+%-%!$8*7!7-*/K&$#7!=8!=#+$J$/*%+'!
18(L8! 8+68! 8Q8($*%! $7(7! (%+6(7(! 7%+!
+%.8(7&%+! 2/8! &8(! +8($(8! 6! $%&L8&#8&68! =7(!
%/L#=%+! V! $7*\&#7! 8! +7$(#-#$7(! /(!"(7&=8!+%(8(!
V!#&L8*7!=8!/(!#(.8$#*'!
5%*68(%+!V!!+#&7'!

152
!%(%!6!2/8!&%+!76(8L8(%+0!&,+0!$'!=%!-#(!=%!
@$#=8&680! 7! =#+$/67(! 8&$7(&#>7=7(8&68! 8! $%(!
6%((8&68+! =8! #&*\(#7+! $%(! =8+*#&=7(! +8! +%/L8! %/!
&?%! $76%(G8! $(J&$#$8+! &7! !+#&7! 7&68+! =%!
#($8(7=%(! )%:+#0! 8! +8! )%:+#! L#L8/! 7! 6(K+! (#*! %/!
=%#+! (#*! 8! &%L8$8&6%+! 7&%+! 7&68+! =7! 8(7! L/*"7(U!
<&"(7>7=J++#(%!2/8!=%#+!#(*7&=8+8+!+8!$/+8++8(!
7!.(#"7(!8(!"/.*#&!$%(!+7.8(!2/8(!-%#0!&%!+6$/*%!
cBB0! %! $%++8++%(! =7+! 68((7+! 2/8! +%*8! (8!
$8(68&$8('! 5?%! 6! 8L#=8&68! 2/8! =8L8(#7(! =8#Q':*%!
7!(#(0!2/8!68&+%!%+!7(2/#L%+!8(!(?%+U!
@! (8+(%0! $8&+%! 8/0! 6! %! $7+%! =%+! $(#(8#(%+!
#($8(7=%(8+! =7! !+#&7T! $/($(8! (8$%((8(! 7%+!
6(#./&7#+!=%!$7J+!!
<"767&+7#:L%+!2/7&6%!L%+!7$(%/L8(!$%(!7(%(!
=%+! $76%(G8! $(#(8#(%+! $(J&$#$8+! 2/8! (8#&7(7(!
7&68+! =8! )%:+#'! 5?%! $%&+8"/#(?%! $(%L7(! L%++%+!
.768:.%$7+! (7#+! 2/8! *'! 8&6?%! 8(7! 7! !+#&7!
=8&+7(8&68!$%L%7=7!8!L#L#7!+%.!%!#($6(#%!=7!*8#'!
<"%(7! $8("/&6%:L%+T! &?%! +/$M8! $(%=#"#%+7!
7&6#"Z#=7=8! /(7! &7>?%! +8=#(8&67=70! $%(! *8#+! 8!
$(J&$#$8+U! =8&+7#! 8(! 2/7&6%! 68($%! 6! &8$8++'(#%!
$7(7! 2/8! +#&"/*7(! $%&$/(+%! =8! $#($/&+6R&$#7+!
*8L8! 7! =8+$%.(#(! %! -8((%! &7+! (#&7+0! +8! 8($(8"/8!
&7!7"(#$/*6/(7!8!+8!#&L8&68(!7+!7(68+'!
@+! 2/8! -7G8(! -#*+%+! 7! $8&7=7+! #(7"#&7(7(!
/(! $'*$/*%! #&68(8++7&6J++#(%'! =%(! /(7!
+/$/67>?%!=%!7($%!=7!L8*+70!='!%!*8+/J67!=667/!V!

153
68((70! =/G8&6%+! 8! %#68&67! 8! $#&$%! 7&%+! 7$,+! %!
=#*\L#%0! $%$/*7>?%! $8(! L8G8+! (7#%(! =%! 2/8! &?%!
%/+7(%+! 76(#./#(:*+8! +%*8'! #8&%+! $O(#$%+! &?%!
+?%! %+! $'*$/*%+! =%+! !/(.8(*7&=! 8! W+#+6%&'! 5?%!
6#&+7(! 8++8+! #&"K&/%+! +8&?%! 2/8! $%&+/*67(! %+!
(8"#+6(%+!=7+!&%++7+!$%*O&#7+!&7!<(6(#$7!$7(7!+8!
=8+8&$7&67(8('!)#$7(#7(!+7.8&=%!2/?%!$%/$%!+8!
(/*6#$*#$7! %! "K&8(%! +/(7&%0! 8! 2/8! &?%! (7(%!
=#(#&/#!8(!L8G!=8!7/(8&67('!
"8#Q8(%+0!$%#+0!&,+!2/8!+%(%+!=8!%&68(0!&,+!
=8+$8&=8&68+! =%+! $8*67+0! &,+! 2/8! (7*! 7$7.7(%+!
=8! +/((#.7(! 7+! -*%(8+67+! =8! &%++%! +8*L7"8(!
+7.#6'$/*%0! =8#Q8(%+! %+! $+#&8+8+! 8! +#&=/+!
=8+-(/67(8(! 8(! $7G! =8! +8/! (7(7L#*+%+%! $*#(7! 8!
=8! +/7! 7&6#"Z#=7=8'! 1%.(86/=%! =8(%+! =8! (?%! 7!
8++7! +#+6,(#7! =8! Q#&"7(! =8! #=,*76(7+! %! #($8(7=%(!
=7!!+#&7!8!%!+/.7.8!=%!"8$?'!
5?%!6!$(8$#+%0!6%=7L#70!+8(!-7&'6#$%!=%!(6(#6%!
$+#&K+![!L8(=7=8!+8(!7!$%&+6#6/#>?%!=8++8!#($6(#%!
7! (8*+%(! =%! (/&=%0! 7! \&#$7! -/&=7=7! &%! $%=8(!
$768(&7*! .%! 2/8! &?%! %.+67! 2/8! %+! (7&=7(#&+! &?%!
L#L7(! 7! 8+$7&$7(! %+! -#*+%+30! 7! \&#$7! &7! 2/7*! 6!
$/&#=%!%!"%L8(&7=%(!=8!$(%LJ&$#7!2/8!7%!=8#Q7(!%!
$7("%! &?%! +8*7! 7$*7(7=%! $8*%! $%L%'! <! \&#$7! 2/8!
#&+6#6/#/! $(K(#%+! V! L#(6/=80! =8! $7++%! 2/8! 8(!
6%=7+! 7+! %/6(7+! &7>M8+! 7+! *8#+! +8! *#(#67(! 7!
$7+6#"7(!%!$(#(8'!<!\&#$7!2/8!#($O+!+/7+!*8#+!7%+!
$(,$(#%+!L8&$8=%(8+0!8&2/7&6%!&,+!7#&=7!L#L8(%+!
+/*8#6%+! 7%+! $%+6/(8+! =%+! .%("\&=#%+0! -(7&$%+! 8!

154
"%=%+! 2/8! &%+! 7L7++7*7(7('! "8L8:+8! (8$%&+8$8(0!
6%=7L#70!+8(!%!L/*"7$+%!"%L8(&7=%!$%(!.%&G%+!6?%!
$7&7*+7! 2/7&6%! %! &%++%'! Y/80! $%(%! &,+0! &?%!
$8(=8(! %$7+#?%! =8! 8+$%($+7(! %! 8+6(7&"8#(%! Y/8!
&7+!$#K&$#7+!&%+!$7(7&"/8*7(!7!(8.%2/8!$%(!=%#+!
+6$/*%+! =8! 76(7+%'! Y/8! $%(%! 7! &,+! "7-7:%+! +8(!
$%&6%! =8! $(8$%&$8#6%+! (#=J$/*%+'! Y/8! 7$(8=#67(0!
$%(%!$%(!(/#6%!68($%!$(8(%+0!8(!67*#+(?+!8!&7!
7+6(%*%"#7!*/=#$#'(#7'!
!%&-8++8(%+! 7#&=7! 2/8! -#$7(7(! 2/8#Q#$7J=%+!
7&68! %! &%++%! 68((O(86(%0! 7&68! %! $%+6/(8! =8!
"8*7((%+! *#$%(8+! $%(! +7*#6(8! 8! 7&68! 6%=7+! 7+!
8Q$8(#K&$#7+! =8! -%((#$8**#! 8! @66%! =8! 8/8(#$&80!
8Q767(8&68! $%(%! %! -#$7(%+0! 2/7&=%!
$(8+8&$#7(%+! $8*7! $(#(8#(7! L8G! 7! 8++8+! .(#&$%+!
=7! -J+#$7'! Y/8! +8/+! (6=#$%+! &?%! $/(7(! (8*+%(!
2/8!%+!&%++%+!7+!=%8&>7+!(%(67#+!8!2/80!67*!2/7*!
$%(%! 72/#0! &7! !+#&7! 7+! (%*6+6#7+! 6(#L#7#+! +?%!
(8*8"7=7+! 7%+! $/#=7=%+! 8Q$*/+#L%+! =7! &76/(8G7'!
57=7! =#++%! #($8=80! $%(6(0! 2/8! +'! 2/76(%! (#*!
7&%+0! 2/7&=%! +82/8(! +7.J7(%+! *8(0! *'! 8+6#L8++8(!
%+! $+#&+! =8! $%++8! =8! 6%=7+! 7+! $%#+7+!
8++8&$#7*(8&68!\68#+!=8!2/8!+%*8!-7G8(%+!7*7(=8'!

155
%$*%8"%$-5('

<%! &7((7(! %! 2/8! *+8! =#++8(7(! %+! .'(.7(%+!


$/*%+!$7J+8+!L#7*%/0!N8(,=%6%0!$%(%!7!(7#%(#7!=%+!
&%++%+!L#7*%(8+0!&?%!&%+!=#G!(7#+!2/8!6%*#$8+'!5?%!
=8L8(%+!=7(:*+8!$(6=#6%0!#"/7*(8&680!2/7&=%!-7*7!
=7! 7L8&6/(7! =8! 8#"8+! 8! !7&=%*%0! =8! D(#%&!
(%&67=%!&/(!=8*-#(0!=%!%('$/*%!$%&+/*67=%!$7(7!
+7.8(!%!2/8!-7G#7!!(8+%0!%!2/7*!(8+$%&=8/!2/8!8*8!
8+67L7! $%G8&=%! /(7! 67(67(/"7! &/(7! $7&8*7!
67($7=70! =%! $7L7*%! =8! "7(#%! 2/80! 68&=%! +#=%! %!
$(#(8#(%! 8(! &#6(#(0! $(%$*7(%/! +8/! =%&%! (8#0! 8! =8!
$8(! %/6(7+! -'./*7+! $(,$(#7+! $7(7! =#L8(6#(!
$(#7&>7+!8!+8(!$%($#*7=7+!$%(!(86,(#$%+'!Y/7&=%0!
$%(6(0! -7*7! =%! 2/8! L#/0! =%+! $%+6/(8+! =%+! $%L%+!
2/8! 8+6/=%/0! =7+0! 7&6#"Z#=7=8+! 2/8! +/.(868/! 7!
8Q7(80!7J!+#(!=#(#"8:+8!7!"8&68!"(7&=8'!
,Y/8(%!$(8(4!A!=#G!&%!*#L(%!</68($8!A!,2/8!%+!
+7.#67&68+! =7! !,*$+#=7! +8*7(! %(#"#&'(#%+! =%!
<"#6%'! 7/*"%:%! (7#+! $%(! (#(! (8+(%! 2/8! =8!
%/6#L70! $%(2/8! L8(#-#2/8#! +8(! (7#+! L#L7! 7!
(8$%(=7>?%! =%+! 7&6#"%+! 8"J$$#%+! &7! !,*$+#=7! 2/8!
&%! <"#6%! 7! *8(.(7&>7! =%+! L8*+%+! $%+6/(8+! =8!
!%*$+%+'!
,=(868&=#7!8++8!$%L%!$(7#8#(%!=%!=%&6%!</Q#&%!
+8(!/(7!$%*O&#7!-/&=7=7!$%(!18+%+6(#+'!Y/7&6%!7!
(#(0! *'! %! $%&*86/(7L70! &?%! +%(8&68! $%(! +8(8(!
7=/+6%+! 8! 68(8(! %+! $7.8*%+! -(#+7=%+0! (7+! $%(2/8!

156
%+! $%L%+! =7! !,*$+#=70! <"#6%! 8! <6#,$#7! +?%! %+!
\&#$%+! &7! 68((7! 2/8! +8($(8! $(76#$7(7(! 7!
$#($/&$#+?%'!Y/7&6%!7%+!-8&J$#%+!8!7%+!+7.#67&68+!
=7! =7*8+6#&70! $%&-8++7(! 68(! $%$#7=%! 67*! $('6#$7!
7%+!8"J$$#%+'!"7!(8+(7!-%((7!%+!+J(#%+0!2/8!+%*8!
8+67&$#7(! V+! 7.7+! =%! -8((,=%&! 8! =7! =7(66&#70! 8!
+8/+! L#G#&+%+! ('$(%&+! (8$%&+8$8(! &?%! +7L8(!
(/#6%!68($%!2/8!+8!$%&-%((7(7(!7!8++8!$%+6/(8!
8"J$$#%'![!8++8!766!/(!=%+!$(#&$#$7#+!768+67=%+!=8!
+/7!7+$8&=K&$#7'!8"#$$J7$7'!
,Y/7&6%! V! <6#,$#7! 8! 7%! <"#6%0! $%(%! 7!
$#($/&$#+?%! 6! 7&6#2/J++#(7! 67&6%! &/(! $%(%!
&%/6(%0! &?%! +8#! 2/7*! =%+! =%#+! 68&+7! #($%(67=%!
8++7! $8(#(O&#7'! @! (7#+! $(%L'L8*0! $%&6/=%0! 6!
68(8(:&7! (8$8.#=%! %+! 86J%$8+! =%+! 8"J$$#%+'! <++#(!
$%(%0! $%&6(7(#7(8&680! =8+68((7(7(! %+! -8&J$#%+! %!
/+%! =8! $#($/&$#=7(! 7+! $(#7&>7+! (8$6(! &7+$#=7+!
=8+=8! 2/8! +8! #&68&+#-#$%/! +8/! $%(6($#%! $%(! %+!
"(8"%+'4!
[! 8L#=8&680! =8! 7$%(=%! $%(! 8++8! $7++%! =8!
N8(,=%6%0! 2/8! (/#6%+! -%(7(! %+! $%L%+! 2/8!
(8$8.8(7(! 7! $#($/&$#+?%! =%! <"#6%'! 58&+/(0!
$%(6(0! *7(7#+! $(868&=8/! 6K:*7! #($%(67=%! =%+!
*/=8/+'! <! 2/8(! 76(#./#(! 8&6?%! 7! %(#"8(! =8+67!
$('6#$7T! 7! /(7! &7>?%! =8! 2/8! $%&-8++7(! +7LK:*7!
$8(-#*+7=%! $#&$%! %/! +8#+! %/6(7+0! %/! 7! /(7! &7>?%!
(/#6%! (8&%+! $%=8(%+70! (8&%+! $%(8($#7&680!
(8&%+! "/8((8#(70! 8&$7-/(&7=7! &/(! $7&6%! =7!

157
<('.#7! =66(870! 2/8! &/&$7! $%(/&#$%/! 7! $%L%!
&8&+/(!%!(7#+!#&+#"&#-#$7&68!=8!+8/+!$%+6/(8+U!
"#G8(! %+! */=8/+! 68(! +#=%! %/6(%(7!
$7(#676#L7(8&68! 7$%*+#=%+! $8*%+! 8"J$$#%+'! 5?%! 6!
(/#6%!L8(%++J(#*!+7L8(!%!$%L%!J&-#(%!#(#67=%!/(!
/+%! =%! "(7&=8! $%L%U! 5?%! 6! &76/(7*! 68(8(! %+!
*/=8/+! 7=%67=%! /(! %/! %/6(%! $%+6/(8! =8! +8/+!
+8&+%(8+U!
!%&67! !*8(8&68! =8! <*8Q7&=(#7! 2/80! L#7*7&=%!
%! <"#6%0! =#6'"%(7+! -%#! %.(#"7=%! 7! =8#Q7(!
$#($/&$#=7(:+8! $7(7! +8(! 7=(#6#=%! 8(! +8/+!
(#+66(#%+'! Y/8(! =#G8(! 2/8! 8(7! 7.+%*/67(8&68! #(:
$(8+$#&=JL8*! +8(! $#($/&$#+%! $7(7! #&"(8++7(! &%!
+7$8(=,$#%! 8"J$$#%'! -7*! +7$8(=,$#%! *'! 8Q#+6#7!
2/7&=%!7%+6!-%#!=7(!$%(!%+!$%+67=%+!&%!$7J+!=7+!
$#(R(#=8+'! <&6#2/J++#(%! 8(7! %! "%L8(&%0! 8! 7+!
$8(#(O&#7+! +8! %.+8(L7L7(! $%(! 7! (7#+!
8+$(/$/*%+7!8Q76#=?%'!
!%&-8++7(! %+! */=8/+! 68(! $8((7&8$#=%!
=/G8&6%+! 8! $#&$%! 7&%+! &%! <"#6%'! <! =#G8(! &?%!
+7L8(! $(76#$7=%! 7! $#($/&$#+?%! &8++8! 8+$7>%! =8!
68($%'! !*7(%! 6! $%(! $%&+8"/#&68! 2/8! %+! 8"J$$#%+!
&?%! $%=8(#7(! 68(:*+8+! $%$#7=%! 8++7! $('6#$7!
8&2/7&6%! %+! 6#L8(7(! $%(%! +,+$8=8+'! -8:*%:#7(!
-8#6%! $%+68(#%((8&680! =8$%#+! =8! %+! */=8/+! *+8+!
+7L8(8(!(%/.7=%!6%=%+!%+!L7+%+!2/8!*+8+!6#&+7(!
+#=%!8($(8+67=%+!8!+8!(7+$7(8(!7!+868!$6+!$7(7!%!
=8+8(6%! *8L7&=%! $%&+#"%! %! -(/6%! =%! (%/.%0!

158
+8"/&=%! +8/! $(,$(#%! 68+68(/&+%U! <=%67('! /(!
+8&+%(! %! +8*%! =7! (8*#"#?%! =8! /(! 8+$(7L%! 2/8! %!
(%/.%/! 8! -#&$%/! $6! &%! (/&=%U! 5?%! %! 7=(#68! 7!
&76/(8G7!+/(7&7'!
"#G:+8!&%!*#L(%!=8!7%+/6!2/8!%+!*/=8/+!-%(7(!
$#($/&$#=7=%+!&%+!=8+8(6%+T!,</!L%+!*#L(8#!=%!2/8!
$%&+6#6/J7! %! L%++%! %$(,.(#%! 8&6(8! %+! 8"J$$#%+4'!
@(70!2/7*!$%=#7!+8(!8++8!%$(,.(#%!$7(7!/(7!&7>?%!
8&$(7L7=7!8&6(8!7!)8&J$#70!<('.#7!8!<"#6%0!+8&?%!%!
2/8!%+!6%(&7L7!=8+$(8GJL8#+!7%+!%*+%+!=8+68+!6(K+!
$%L%+U! !%(%! *#L(':*%+! =8++8! %$(,.(#%U! E#L(7&=%:
%+! =8! /(! $%/$%! =8! $(8$\$#%'! 5?%! 6! %! +8&6#=%!
&76/(7*!=%!6(8$+%!7!$#(7!$#67=%U!
"#G!%!8K&8+#+!2/8!<.(7?%!-%#!$#($/&$#+%'!#7+!
<.(7?%!8+68L8!&%!<"#6%0!2/8!8(7!+7L#7!(/#6%!(8#&%!
-*%(8+$8&680! "%L8(&7=%! $%(! $%=8(%+%! (8#'! 57=7!
#($8=8! 2/8! &8++8! (8#&%! 6?%! 7&6#"%! -%++8! 7!
$#($/&$#+?%! $(76#$7=7! =8+=8! (/#6%! 68($%! 7&68+!
2/8! +8! -%((7++8! 7! &7>?%! */=7#$7'! "8(7#+! 7!
$#($/&$#+?%! =8! <.(7?%! -%#! /(! $7+%! #&+/*7=%'! 1,!
=8$%#+! =8! 7%+/6! -%#! 2/8! +8! L/*"%/! 8&6(8! +8/+!
$,+68(%+!8++8!+7$(7(8&6%'!
@(70!7&68+!=8!7%+/6!%+!#+(78*#67+!7$(8&=8(7(0!
$%(%! 8*8+! (8+(%+! $%&-8++7(0! (/#6%+! $%+6/(8+!
=%+! 8"J$$#%+'! B(#67(7(:&%+! 8(! &?%! $%/$%+!
+7$(#-J$#%+0! $8(#(O&#7+0! $%(%! %+! *8*/&+! V+!
L6+$8(7+! =7+! -8+67+! =8! B+#+0! 7+! 7.*/>M8+0! %!
$%+6/(8!=8!(7$7(!7!$7.8>7!=%+!$7=(8+0!%!#&$8&+%0!

159
%! $7&=8*7.(%0! %! +7$(#-J$#%! =7! L7$7! (/>70! 7!
$/(#-#$7>?%! $%(! +#++%$%0! 7! 7.+6#&K&$#7! =7! $7(&8!
=8!$%($%0!7!7L8(+?%!7%+!/68&+J*#%+!=8!$%G#&+7!=%+!
8+6(7&"8#(%+0!6/=%!768+67&=%!2/8!%!=#(#&/6%!$%L%!
+8.(8/0!(7/!"(7=%!+/7!7&6#$76#7!V!"(7&=8!&7>?%!
8"J$$#70! (86#L8(7! #&-#&#=7=8! =8! /+%+! =8! +8/+! 8Q:
+8&+%(8+'! @! .%=8! N7G7G8*0! 2/8! 8&L#7L7(! 7%!
=8+8(6%!$7((8"7=%!=%+!$8$7=%+!=%!$%L%0!8(7!L#+JL8*!
#(#67>?%! =8! /(7! $('6#$7! 8"J$$#7'! @+! $(,$(#%+!
(7.#&%+! $%&LK(! 8(! 2/8! 7! $7*7L(7! N7G7G8*! &?%! 6!
+8.(7#$7'! 57=7! %.+67! $%(67&6%! 2/8! %+! +8.(8/!
+7*7(!#(#67=%!%+!8"J$$#%+!&7!$#($/&$#+?%0!$%(%!%!
-#G8(7(!+8/+!L#G#&+%+!'(7.8+'!
57=7!=8!8Q6(7%(=#&'(#%!+'!8(!2/8!"8/+0!2/8!
+7&6#-#$%/! %! .76#+(%0! 6?%! 7&6#"%! 8&6(8! %+!
7+#'6#$%+0!+7&6#-#$7++8!67(.6(!7!$#($/&$#+?%0!&?%!
(8&%+!7&6#"7!8&6(8!%+!7-(#$7&%+'!7'!=#++8(%+!+8(!
+8&+%(! =8! $%&-8(#(! +/7+! "(7>7+! 7%+! +#&7#+! 2/8! +8!
=#"&7(!8*8"8('!
"8(7#+! =8! 6/=%0! =8+=8! 2/80! +%.! 7%+/60! %+!
*/=8/+! -%(7(! $#($/&$#+%+0! (7&6#L8(7(! 8++7!
$('6#$7! 766! &%++%+! =#7+'! @! (8+(%! -#G8(7(! %+!
'(7.8+'! @+! 8"J$$#%+0! $%(6(0! 2/8! 7! $(#&$J$#%!
$#($/&$#=7L7(!%+!*%L8&+!=8!7(.%+!%+!+8Q%+0!$%(!
%! 68($%! =8#Q7(7(! =8! +/.(868(! 7+! (%>7+! 7! 67*!
%$8(7>?%0! 68((#&7&=%! $%(! (8+6(#&"#:*7! 7%+!
+7$8(=%68+0! 7+6(,*%"%+! 8! $(%-867+'! [! %! 2/8! &%+!
8&+#&7(! !*8(8&68! =8! <*8Q7&=(#7! 8! @(J"8&8+'!

160
<-86#L7(8&680! &/&$7! +8! %/L#/! =#G8(! 2/8! %+!
-%*8(8/+!6#L8++8(!+#=%!$#($/&$#=7=%+'!
@+!7/6%(8+!*76#&%+0!2/8!6(767(!%+!*/=8/+!$%(!
6?%! $(%-/&=%! =8+$(8G%! 2/8! *+8+! $+7(7(! $/(67+!
<$8**70!$%(!=8(#+?%0!$(8=76!7/=78/+!<$$8**70!$/(6#!
7/=78#0!&?%!=?%!8$J686%+!67#+!7%+!8"J$$#%+'!N%*8!7!
$#($/&$#+?%! 6! =8! (8"(7! &%! <"#6%0! (7+! $%(! %/6(7!
(7G?%T! $%(2/8! %! (7-%(#+(%! 7=%6%/! 7! 7&6#"7!
$#($/&$#+?%!=7!<('.#7'!
)%#! 8++7! $#($/&$#+?%! '(7.8! 2/8! $7++%/! V!
<6#,$#70! %&=8! 7#&=7! +8! $#($/&$#=7(! %+! *%L8&+! =8!
7(.%+!%+!+8Q%+'!
5?%! +'! &8"7(! +8(! V! $(#(8#(7! L#+67! .8(!
8+6(7&+7!7!$8(#(O&#7!=7!$#($/&$#+?%'!#7+!&%68:+8!
2/8!8(!6%=%+!%+!68($%+!%+!+7$8(=%68+!=%!@(#8&68!
+8! $%&+7"(7(7(! 7! +/7+! =#L#&=7=8+! $%(! (7($7+!
$7(6#$/*7(8+'!<&6(8!%+!$7=(8+!=8!%7$%!%!+#&7*!8(7!
/(7! -%*+7! =8! +8(7! "(7L7=7! 7! ./(#*'! "#G! E/$#7&%!
2/8! %+! =8L%6%+! =7! =8/+7! -7#+! #($(#(#7(! +#&7#+!
&%! $/*+%! 8! $8+$%>%'! @+! +7$8(=%68+! =8! !#.8*8!
-7G#7(:+8!8/&/$%+'!
[! (/#6%! $(%L'L8*! 2/8! %+! 8"J$$#%+0! 2/8!
L8&8(7L7(! %! #&+6(/(8&6%! =7! "8(7>?%! 8!
$7((8"7L7(:*+8! 7! #(7"8(! 8(! +/7+! $(%$#++M8+0!
6#L8++8(!7!#=6#7!=8!%-8(8$8(!7!B+#+!8!@+#(#+0!=8/+8+!
2/8! $(8+#=#7(! 7! 6%=%+! %+! -8&O(8&%+! =8!
(8$(%=/>?%0! /(7! $7(6J$/*7! =%! (8(.(%! $%(! 2/8!
2/#+8(7(!8++7+!=#L#&=7=8+!2/8!%!"K&8(%!+/(7&%!

161
+8!$8($86/7++8'!1?%!%+!7&6#"%+!$%+6/(8+!%(#8&67#+!
6?%! =#-8(8&68+! =%+! &%++%+! 2/8! &7=7! $7(8$8('!
8Q6(7%(=#&'(#%! 7! 2/8(! 2/8(!2/8!68&+7!/(!$%/$%!
=8! *8#6/(7'! C(! $7(#+#8&+8! -#$7! 7=(#(7=%! 7%! +7.8(!
2/8! %+! +%68&6%68+! $%(67(! 7%+! -#*+%+! /(! =%+!
68+6J$/*%+'!@+!+%68&6%68+!-#$7(#7(!7=(#(7=J++#(%+!
+8! +%/.8++8(! 2/8! %+! $7(#+#8&+8+! $%&+8(L7(! %+!
=%#+'!

162
%("08,-$&-'

"7&>%/:+8! $8*%! 7&%! =8! /092! &%! $8(#66(#%! =8!


17#&6:#6=7(='!"8(7(:+8!&%!*%$7*!/(!+8(!&\(8(%!
=8! (#*7"(8+0! =8! 2/8! &%+! ='! 7(%+6(7! /(7! $7&>?%!
=7!=/2/8+7!=8!#7#&8T!
./'4&7+)%)14'/'+4)#6'
5%'2"'4$834+5%')#4.<)5%6'
1494'2%+'7+)0)'4$24-.)#'
$4+'5%'5.+4.1%'2+.9)5%!
!%(%! 6! +7.#=%0! 7+! $%&L/*+M8+! (#(7$/*%+7+!
$%&6#&/7(7(! 766! 2/8! -%#! $%+6%! /(! "/7(=7! &%!
$8(#66(#%'!
1/'&%/4'5%'+4.'945)2$4'4&1+)+'
5%+)9)&14')'343$'&4$14'#37)+:!
@+! *8+/J67+0! $%(%! +8! +7.80! *'! &?%! $%=8&=%!
-7G8(! =8! 67#+! (#*7"(8+! =8+=8! 2/8! +8/! c7L#8(!
8+"%67(7! 7+! "(7>7+! =7! !%($7&+#7! (8++/+$#67&=%!
&%L8!(%(6%+!$%&67=%+!7!=8=%0!*8(.(7(7(:+80!$7(7!
.7*7&>7(! %! $(6=#6%! =%+! *7&+8&#+67+0! =8! 8+67($7(!
/(7! #(7"8(! =8! 78+/+! !(#+6%! L8+6#=%! =8! *8+/J67'!
!%(%! 7#&=7! 6! +7.#=%0! 8+$(8L8/! /(! ./(*?%! =%!
$7(6#=%!*7&+8&#+67!8(!.7#Q%!=7!8+67($7T!
!34'<4$3&1)$'/)&*%$%$4'
34'/45%'834'9%$')/?$$4/%$6'

163
4$14$'/%&74$'4&74&*%$%$'
9%$'94$1.+)/'/'$3)'./)74/:!
@+! *7&+8&#+67+0! 7! -#(! =8! (8*+%(! $(%L7(! 2/8!
*7(7#+! !(#+6%! $%=8(#7! 6%(7(! %! +'.#6%! =8! *8+/J670!
$/+8(7(!=7(#+!=8!$8(&7+!$7(7!%!7(!8!$7((87(7(!%!
(/&=%! $7(7! +/7! .7&=7'! @! $%&+8*+8#(%!
$7(*7(8&67(! !7((6! =8! #%&6"8(%/! 7$(8+8&6%/! 7%!
(8#! /(! (8*76,(#%! #&:2! =8! 6%=%+! 8++8+! (#*7"(8+0!
768+67=%+! $%(! (#*+7(8+! =8! 68+68(/&+7+'! )%#!
(86#=%0! $%(%! =8! =#(8#6%0! +%.! "(7=8+0! %&=8! +8!
6(76%/! =8! (8+67.8*8$8(:*+8! %! $6(8.(%! $8*%! (8"#(8'!
#7+! 7! L8(=7=8! +%.(8$7#(7! 7! 6%=7+! 7+!
$8(+8"/#>M8+T! %+! (#*7"(8+! +8! $8($86/7(7(!
=/(7&68! 6(#&67! 7&%+! 7! -#%0! +8(! +%*/>?%! =8!
$%&6#&/#=7=8'! !+7(7L7:+8! +,(%(! %+70! +,(%(!
B*/(#&7=70! +,(%(! =(%(86#=70! +,(%(! !%&-#67T!
7>%#67L7(:&7+! 766! %! +7&"/80! 8! &%! =#7! +8"/#&68!
8+67L7(! $%(%! +8! &7=7! +%/L8++8! 7$%&68$#=%'!
58("7+67L7(:*+8! %! 8+6O(7"%! .8(! 8&$%/(7>7=%0!
.8(!8+6%-7=%0!+8(!+82/8(!+8&6#(8('!=/&+7(:&7+!
7%! -%"%0! %! (%+6%! 8($*7+67=%! =8! $%(7=7+0! 8! &7=7!
=8! 2/8#(7('! <&-#(0! $%(%! 6%=7+! 7+! 7(68+! +8!
7$8(-8#>%7(0!68((#&%/:+8!$%(!-#&$7(:*+8+!8+$7=7+!
&7+! $7(&8+! 8! $%(! $(/$#-#$':*7+'! !+8"%/:+8! 766! 7!
$(/$#-#$7(! /(! 68,*%"%! -7(%+%.9230! 6/=%! $7(7!
$%&L8&$8(! %! (/&=%! =%! (#=J$/*%! =8! $8(67! ./*70! %!
2/8! +8! $%=8(#7! 68(! -8#6%! +8(! 67&6%! $/+6%'! 58++8!
8(! (8#%! *8+/J67+! 8! *7&+8&#+67+! /&#(7(:+8! $%&6(7!
%!<+$J(#6%!=%+!*8#+0!8!$%&6(7'''!8!$%&6(7'''!8!$%&6(7!
'''8!$%&6(7'''!<!68(%+!%!%/+#%0!=8$%#+!=8!6/=%!#++%0!

164
=8! 8+$7(&#$7(! =%+! *7$M8+0! =%+! +7(%#8=7+! 8! =%+!
&8"(%+X!

165
%(*3('

<++#(!$%(%!&?%!+7.8(%+!%!2/8!+8*7!8+$J(#6%0!
#"&%(7(%+! %! 2/8! +8*7! $%($%'! =8($8.8(%:*+8!
7$8&7+! $(%$(#8=7=8+'! #7+! 2/8! 6! %! 8&68! 8(! 2/8!
(8+#=8(! 67#+! $(%$(#8=7=8+U! -/=%! 6! $%($%0! =#G#7!
"8(,$(#6%! 8! <$#$/(%'! 5?%! 8Q#+68(! $%($%+0!
$%&6(7L#&+7(!%+!=#+$J$/*%+!=8!`K&%&!=8!<*6#7'!
%8(&8*8;0! .#+$%! =8! !*%;&80! -%#! %! \*6#(%! 2/80!
$%(! $8(! +%-#+(7+! $7$$#%+%+0! $(868&=8/! $(%L7(!
2/8! %+! $%($%+! &?%! 8Q#+68('! <*8+! &?%! 6K(0! =#++80!
&8(!$%(0!&8(!%=%(0!&8(!$7*%('!-/=%!#++%!8+6'!8(!
L%++7+! +8&+7>M8+! 8! &?%! &%+! %.*86%+'! @! 1('!
%8(&8*8;! $%=#7! 68(:+8! $%/$7=%! 7%! 6(7.7*+%! =8!
=8(%&+6(7(! +8(8*+7&68! L8(=7=8T! $%&+8$8(%:*7!
=8! +%.8*%'! #7+! =7J! $7++7! V! 8Q68&+?%0! V! +%*#=8G0!
2/8! +?%! 8++K&$#7+! =%! $%($%0! 8! */*"7! $(%L7(! &?%!
+7L8(! 8Q68&+?%! &/(! (867*+%! =8! $7&%! L8(=8!
$%(2/8! 8(! L8(=7=8! %! $7&%! &?%! 6! L8(=8'! <!
+8&+7>?%! =%! L8(=8! 7$+7:+8! 6?%! +%(8&68! 8(! L,+T!
$%(!$%&+8"/#&68!7!#($(8++?%!=8!8Q68&+?%!&?%!8+6'!
67(.6(!+8&?%!8(!L,+'!<$,+!=8+6(/#(!7!8Q68&+?%0!
$%&$*/#!2/8!7!+%*#=8G!$7#!$%&+82/8&68(8&68!$%(!+#!
(8+(70! 8! 2/8! $%(67&6%! &7=7! 8Q#+68! 7*6(! =7+!
&%++7+!#=6#7+'!"8!+%(68!2/80!+8"/&=%!8++8!=%/6%(0!
=8G! (#*! +%(8&+! 6(/$#=7=%+! $%(! =8G! (#*! .7*7+! =8!
$7&+?%! &?%! $7++7(! 8(! +/(7! =8! =8G! (#*!
7$(88&+M8+!=7!&%++7!7*(7'!

166
1,! (8+(%! %! +('! .#+$%! =8! !*%;&8! +8(#7! $7$7G!
=8! $%(868(! 67(7&+%! (#=J$/*%'! =(8+/(8!
=8(%&+6(7(! 2/8! &?%! 8Q#+68! 8Q68&+?%! $%(2/8! $%(!
*/&867+! /(! $%($%! *+8! $7(8$8! 2/76(%! L8G8+! (7#%(!
2/8!7!%*+%!=8+7((7=%0!8!2/76(%!L8G8+!(8&%(!$%(!
7/QJ*#%! =8! %/6(%! L#=(%'! "7J! $%&$*/#(! 2/80! &?%!
$%=8&=%! /(! $%($%! 68(! 2/76(%0! =8G8++8#+! 8! /(! +,!
$6!=8!8Q68&+?%!7%!(8+(%!68($%0!67*!8Q68&+?%!&?%!
8Q#+68'! E%"%! &7=7! 8Q#+68'! %7+67L7:*+8! (8=#:*%! 8!
=#G8(T!&?%!#($%(67!%!67(7&+%!2/8!(8!$7(8>7!68(0!
8+68!$%($%!68(!67&6%+!$8&6J(86(%+'!
#/#6%! -'$#*! *+8! +8(#7! L8(! 2/8! %! $7+%! =7!
8Q68&+?%! 8! =7! +%*#=8G! &?%! 6! %! (8+(%! =%+! +%&+0!
=7+! $%(8+0! =%+! +7.%(8+! 8! =%+! %=%(8+'! !*7(%! 2/8!
8+68+!+?%!#($(8++M8+!+/.*86#L7+!8(!&,+!8Q$#67=7+!
$8*7!$%&-#"/(7>?%!=7+!$7(68+'!<!8Q68&+?%0!$%(6(0!
&?%! 6! +8&+7>?%'! 18! +8! $%&+/(#(! 8+68! *8&+%0!
=8#Q7(8#! =8! +8&6#(! $7*%('! 5?%! +8&=%! -8(#=%! %! 7(0!
&?%! %/L#(8#'! <+6#%*8:+8! 8+67! (%+7! 8! *'! &?%! *+8!
+8&6#(8#! %! $8(-/(8'! B&=8$8&=8&68(8&68! =8! (#(0!
8&6(867&6%0! 8+68! *8&+%0! 8+68! 7(0! 8+67! (%+7! 6K(!
8Q68&+?%'!
58(! (8(8$8! (8-/67>?%! %! $7(7=%Q%! =8!
%8(&8*8;'!
!7#!7!67*+%!+7.8(!%!2/8!%!*8L7(7!7!+8(8*+7&68!
$7(7=%Q%'! N'! (/#6%! 68($%! 6#L8! $%(! 8*8! 7*"/(7+!
$7*8+6(7+'! "#++8:(8! 2/8! 7! %(#"8(! =8! +/7! %$#&#?%!
8(7! %! &?%! +8! $%=8(! $%&$8.8(! %! 2/8! +8*7! %! +/*8#6%!

167
=7!8Q68&+?%'!<-86#L7(8&68!8*8!6(#/&-7!8(!+8/!*#L(%!
2/7&=%! $8("/&67! 7! N#*7+! %! 2/8! 6! 8++8! +/*8#6%0!
8++8! +/.+6(76%0! 8++7! +/.+6R&$#7'! ,[! %! $%($%!
8+68&=#=%4! A! (8+$%&=8! N#*7+'! <&6?%! %! .#+$%0! +%.!
%! &%(8! =8! )#*%&%/+0! $M8:+8! 7! 8+$7(&8$K:*%'! <! %!
$%.(8! )#*%&%/+0! $8($8.8&=%! 68(! =#6%! 2/8! 7!
8Q68&+?%! 6! +/*8#6%! =7! 8Q68&+?%0! 8! 2/8! $%(868/!
/(7! (7670! -#$7! 767*+7=%! 8! $%&-8++7! &7=7!
$%($(88&=8(0! 2/8! &?%! 8Q#+68! $%($%! &8(! 6?%!
$%/$%! (/&=%! (768(#7*0! 2/8! +,! 8Q#+68! %! (/&=%!
#&68*8$6/7*'!
%7+67L7! N#*7+! =#G8(! 7! )#*%&%/+T! 5,+! &7=7!
+7.8(%+! +%.(8! 7! 8++K&$#7! =8++8! +/*8#6%0! =8++7!
+/.+6R&$#7! 8+68&=#=70! +,*#=70! =#L#+JL8*0! (,L8*0!
-#"/(7=70! 86$'! 5?%! 7! $%&+8>%! (7#+! 2/8! %! +/*8#6%!
2/8! $8&+70! 2/8! +8&68! 8! 2/8! 2/8('! #7+! +/7!
8Q#+6K&$#7! 6! 6?%! #&8"'L8*! $%(%! 7! =8+680! $%#+! 68(!
$(%$(#8=7=8+!8++8&$#7#+!=8!2/8!&?%!+'!=8+$%*':*%'!
1%(%+! $%(%! 7! (7#%(! $7(68! =7+! =7(7+! =8!
=7(#+0! 2/8! +8! (8"7*7(! 8(! (6"#%+! .7&2/868+! +8(!
+7.8(! %! 2/8! 8&6(7! &%+! 7$8$#$8+'!
18(8*+7&68(8&680! =8+-(/67(%+! =%+''! $%($%+! +8(!
+7.8(!=8!2/8!+8!$%($M8('!"8!2/8!6!-8#6%!%!$%($%U!
"8!$7(68+0!2/8!$%(!+/7!L8G!+8!(8+%*L8(!8(!%/6(7+!
$7(68+'! Y/8! +?%! 7+! \*6#(7+! $7(6J$/*7+U! 18($(8!
$%($%+'!"#L#=#(8#+!868(&7(8&68!8!*7(7#+!$7++7(8#+!
=#++%'!

168
<-#&7*! /(! +/6#*! -#*,+%-%0! &%67&=%! 2/8! /(!
$7#&8*! +8! $%($M8! =8! #&"(8=#8&68+! =8! &76/(8G7!
=#L8(+70! 8! /(7! $7+7! =8! (768(#7#+! =%+! 2/7#+!
&8&+/(!6!$7+70!#(7"#&%/!.=8!(7&8#(7!/(!$%/$%!
%/6(73!+8(8(!%+!$%($%+!$%&+6#6/J=%+!=8!#&-#&#=7=8!
=8! +8(8+! #&-#&#67(8&68! $82/8&%+! 2/8! &?%! +?%!
$%($%+! A! 7+! (O&7=7+'! -7*! +#+68(7! &?%! =8#Q7! =8!
$%++/#(! $8(67! 8Q82Z#.#*#=7=80! 8! +8! -%++8! (8L8*7=%!
8/! %! $(8(#7! 766! (/#6%! $%++JL8*'!-%=%+!8++8+!8&68+!
J&-#(%+! +8(#7(! $%&6%+! (768('6#$%+0! 8+$6$#8+! =8!
7*(7+! 2/8! &?%! 8+$8(7(#7(! (7#+! 2/8! /(7! $7$7!
$7(7! +8! L8+6#(8(T! +8(#7! /(7! (868($+#$%+8!
$%&6J&/7'! C(7! (O&7=7! 8+67(#7! %(7! &/(7! .7*8#70!
%(7! &/(7! '(L%(80! %(7! &%! $%($%! =8! /(!
$8*%6#2/8#(%'! [! /(! +#+68(7! 8! 67&6%'! -8&+%:%! &%!
(8+(%!$%&$8#6%!2/8!7!=8$*#&7>?%!=%+!'6%(%+0!7+!
-%((7+! +/.+67&$#7#+0! 7! "(7>7! L8(+'6#*! 8! %+!
L7($#(%+!=8!=%(!!7*(86'!

169
%*$-1$2"$-9('

=8+2/#+7+! +#+6,(#$7+'! A! 5?%! $%/$%+! 8(/=#6%+!


(7&#-8+67(7(! +/7! +/($(8+7! 8(! &?%! +8! *+8+!
=8$7(7(! &%! +#+6%(#7=%(! 7%+6! %! (8&%(! 6(7>%! 7!
(8+$8#6%! =8! 78+/+! !(#+6%'! =%(2/8! 6%=%+! +?%!
7$%(=8+! +%*8! 8(! 2/8! %! .(8L8! 6(8$+%! 2/8! *+8!
=8=#$7! %! +#+6%(#7=%(! -7(#+8/! 8(! +/7! N#+6,(#7! -%#!
#&68($%*7=%'! 5%! 8&67&6%! %! $7#! =8! 7%+6! =8L#7! 68(!
+#=%! 68+68(/&+7! =8! 6%=%+! %+! (#*7"(8+! =8! 78+/+'!
7%+6! 8(7! =7! $7+67! +7$8(=%67*0! $7(8&68! =7! (7#&+7!
#7(#7&70! 8+$%+7! =8! N8(%=8+'! <+$7((7(7:+8! &7+!
(7#+! %$#%+7+! (#&/=K&$#7+! +%.(8! %+! (7#+!
$%((#2/8#(%+! 76%+! =8++8! $(J&$#$80! 8! $%&6/=%! &?%!
=#G! $7*7L(7! +%.(8! 7! L#=7! %/! (%(68! =8! 78+/+'!
"8(7#+! 8++8! +#+6%(#7=%(0! 2/8! &?%! 8&$7$7!
&8&+/(7! =7+! $(/8*=7=8+! =8! N8(%=8+0! $7*7! %!
(%(6#$J&#%! =8! 6%=7+! 7+! $(#7&>7+! $%(! 8*8! %(=8&7=%!
768&6%!V!&%L7!=8!2/8!&7+$8(7!/(!(8#!*/=8/'!!%&67!
%!$7*8&='(#%!"(8"%!$76%(G8!(#*!$(#7&>7+!=8"%*7=7+!
&8++7! %$7+#?%'! [! %! (7#+! 7.%(#&'L8*! =%+! $(#(8+!
=8!6%=%+!%+!+%.8(7&%+'!5?%!68(!+J(#*8!&7!+#+6,(#7!
=7! $#L#*#G7>?%'! <! 7$%&68$#(8&6%! 6?%! +#&"/*7(!
2/7&6%! 8Q8$('L8*0!8&6(867&6%0!&?%!-7G!7!(7#+!*8L8!
(8-8(K&$#7! %! (8*+%(! 8+$(#6%(! 2/8! 8(! 6%=%+! %+!
68($%+!$%++/J(7(!%+!*/=8/+0!%!\&#$%!$(8G7=%!$%(!
"(8"%+! 8! (%(7&%+'! -?%! $%/$%! (8"#+67! 8*8! %!
7$7(8$#(8&6%! =7! &%L7! 8+6(8*7! 2/8! 68(#7! 7$8&=#=%!
&%!$6/!7$,+!%!&7+$#(8&6%!=%! 8=8&6%(0!-8&O(8&%!
(/#=%+%! 2/8! &?%! =8L#7! 8+$7$7(! 7! /(! +#+6%(#7=%(!
170
8+$*7(8$#=%! $%(%! 7%+6'! #7&66(! +#*K&$#%! 7#&=7!
+%.(8! 7+! 6(8L7+! 2/80! V! (%(68! =%! 17*L7=%(0! $%(! %!
+%*! 7! $#&%! $%.(#(7(! 6%=7! 7! 68((7! $%(! 8+$7>%! =8!
6(K+! +%(7+0! 8! +%.(8! 7! "(7&=8! 2/7&6#=7=8! =8!
6\(/*%+! 2/8! 8&6?%! +8! 7.(#(7(! 8! 7! (/*6#=?%! =%+!
*/+6%+!(8++/((86%+'!
5?%! $8++7(! %+! 8(/=#6%+! =8! (7&#-8+67(! +/7!
+/($(8+7! =8! L8(! 2/8! &8&+/(! +#+6%(#7=%(! (%(7&%!
(8"#+67!+8(8*+7&68+!$(%=J"#%+0!$%&+/(7=%+!+%.!%!
(8#&7=%!=8!-#.6(#%0!7%+!%*+%+!=8!/(7!"/7(&#>?%!8!
=8!/(!"%L8(&7=%(!(%(7&%0!2/8!=8L#7!68(!8&L#7=%!
7%! #($8(7=%(! 8! 7%! +8&7=%! (8*76,(#%!
$#($/&+67&$#7=%! =%! (7#+! (#(7$/*%+%! 8L8&6%! 2/8!
%/L#=%+! +/(7&%+! %/L#(7(! $%&67('! <! $(,$(#7!
%(7! =8L#7! 68(:+8! #(8(+%! =/(7&68! 6(K+! +%(7+! 8(!
8+$8++7+! 6(8L7+'! "8L#7(! 7++#&7*7(! 67(7&+%!
$(%=J"#%!%+!-7+6%+!=8! %(7!8!=8!6%=7+!7+!&7>M8+'!
"8/+!&?%!2/#+!-%++8(!67#+!$%#+7+!=#L#&7+!8+$(#67+!
$%(!(?%+!$(%-7&7+'!
@/6(7+! =#-#$/*=7=8+! 8($7$+7(! %+! 8(/=#6%+!
&7! +#+6,(#7! =%+! <L7&"8*+%+'! @.+8(L7(! 8*8+! 2/8!
8(! 1'! #768/+! 78+/+! =#G! 7%+! 8+$(#.7+! 8! 7%+!
-7(#+8/+! 2/8! +%.(8! 8*8+! (8$7#(#7! 6%=%! %! +7&"/8!
#&%$8&68! =8((7(7=%! &7! 68((70! =8+=8! <.8*! 766!
`7$7(#7+0! -#*+%! =8! %7(72/80! $%(! 8*8+! 7++7++#&7=%!
&%! 68($*%'! @(70! 7! +#+6,(#7! =%+! +8.(8/+! &?%!
(8&$#%&70!7-#((7(!%+!8(/=#6%+0!&8&+/(!`7$7(#7+!
(%(6%! &%! 68($*%0! &8(! 7&68+! &8(! =8$%#+! =%!
7=L8&6%! =%! #8++#7+'! @! \&#$%! +#+6%(#7=%(! 7!

171
(8"#+67(!%!-76%!6!7%+60!*#L(%!20!$7$J6/*%!/90!7%!-7*7(!
=%!+J6#%!=8!78(/+7*6('!"7J!+/+$8#67(7(!8*8+!68(!%!
<L7&"8*+%!+8"/&=%!1'!#768/+!+#=%!8+$(#6%!=8$%#+!
=7! 6%(7=7! =8! 78(/+7*6(! $%(! -#6%'! #7+! 6%=7+! 7+!
=\L#=7+! 8! %.*8>M8+! =8++7! 8+$6$#8! +8! =#(#(8(!
=8+=8! 2/8! +8! $%&+#=8(8! 7! #&-#&#67! =#L8(+?%! 2/8!
-%(>%+7(8&68! +'! =8! +7L8(! 8&6(8! %+! *#L(%+!
=#L#&7(8&68! #&+$#(7=%+! 8! %+! *#L(%+! =%+! +%(8&+'!
<$(%/L8! 7! "8/+! 8&L%*L8(! &/(7! &/L8(! 6?%!
(8+$8#6'L8*!2/7&6%!%.+$/(7!%!+8/!&7+$#(8&6%0!+/7!
L#=7!8!+/7!(%(68'!<(!6/=%!=#-8(8(!+8/+!(66%=%+!
=%+!&%++%+'!
@/6(%! $%&6%! 2/8! 68(! 2/8.(7=%! 7! $7.8>7! 7%+!
*#68(76%+! 6! 7! =#-8(8&>7! =7+! =/7+! "8&87*%"#7+! =8!
!(#+6%'!1'!#768/+!='!$%(!$7#!7!7%+60!77$,0!7!77$,0!
#76?0!7!#76?0!<*87G7('!1'!E/$7+0!7%!$%&6('(#%0!=#G!
2/8!7%+6!8(7!-#*+%!=8!N8*#0!N8*#!=8!#767680!#76768!
=8!E8LJ0!E8LJ!=8!77&70!86$'!
<&"7+"7:%+! 7#&=7! 7! +/$%+#>?%! =8! 78+/+! &?%!
+8(! -#*+%! =8! 7%+60! (7+! =8! #7(#7'! <67*+7(:&%+!
67(.6(! $8(67+! =\L#=7+! 2/7&6%! 7%+! (#*7"(8+! =%!
&%++%! 8=8&6%(0! 768&6%+! %+! 8+$(#6%+! =8! 16%'!
<"%+6#&+%0! 16%'! N#*'(#%! 8! %/6(%+0! 2/8! 76(#./J(7(!
7%! (8*76%! =8! 67#+! (#*7"(8+! +8&6#=%! (J+6#$%0!
7*8",(#$%'! <Q8($*%+T! 7! -#"/8#(7! 7(7*=#>%7=7! 8!
+8$7=7! $7(7! &?%! =7(! -(/6%+0! 2/7&=%! &?%! 8(7!
68($%!=8!-#"%'!@+!=8(O&#%+!8&L#7=%+!&%!$%($%!=8!
$%($%+0!&/(!$7J+!%&=8!&?%!+7L#7!$%($%+'!<!'"/7!
6(7&+-%((7=7! 8(! L#&+%! 7%! -#(! =8! /(! (8$7+6%0!

172
2/7&=%! %+! $%(8&+7#+! *'! +8! 7$+7L7(! 8Q$#67=%+'!
-%=7+! 8++7+! $(J6#$7+! =%+! =%/6%+0! $%(6(0!
$%&-/&=8:7+! 7! -60! 2/8! $%(! #++%! &?%! -7G! +8&?%!
7L#L8&67(:+8'! @/6(%! &?%! 6! %! 8+$%$%! =8+68! 7(6#"%!
+8&?%!(7+687(!%!-#%!+#+6,(#$%!8!=7(!/(7!#=6#7!67&6%!
2/7&6%! $%++JL8*! 8Q767! =%+! -76%+! +%.(8! 2/8!
&#&"/6(!=#+$/68'!
=(#(8#(7(8&680! 78+/+! &7+$8/! +%.! 7! *8#!
(%+7#$70! +8"/&=%! 8+67! *8#! -%#! $#($/&$#=7=%0! =8*7!
$/($(#/! 6%=%+! %+! $(8$8#6%+! 8! $8*8.(%/! 6%=7+! 7+!
-8+67+'! 1,! $(8"%/! (%(7*'! 5?%! (8L8*%/! %! (#+66(#%!
=7! $(,$(#7! 8&$7(&7>?%! &8(! =#++8! 7%+! */=8/+!
+7L8(! &7+$#=%! =8! /(7! L#("8('! 8$8.8/! 7! .K&>?%!
=8!7%?%!&7+!'"/7+!=%!(#%!7%(=?%0!$8(#(O&#7!7!2/8!
(/#6%+! */=8/+! +8! +/.(86#7(0! $%&2/7&6%! 8*8!
$(,$(#%!*7(7#+!68&+7!.76#G7=%!&#&"/6('!5?%!-7*%/!
=%+! +868! +7$(7(8&6%+! A! N/(7&7(8&68! &?%! +8!
$%*%$%/! 8(! &8&+/(7! +#8(7(2/#7! 8$*8+#'+6#$7'!
@$/*6%/! 7! +8/+! $%&68($%(R&8%+! +8(! -#*+%! =8!
"8/+0! 868(&7(8&68! "8(7=%0! $%&+/.+67&$#7*! 7!
"8/+0!8!2/8!%!<+$J(#6%!17&6%!$(%$8=#7!=%!=7#!8!=%!
)#*+%'!5?%!=#++8!2/8!+/7!$8++%7!+8!$%($/&+7!=8!
=/7+! &76/(8G7+! 8! =8! =/7+! L%&67=8+'! Y/#+! 2/8!
8++8+! "(7&=8+! (#+66(#%+! -%++8(! (8L8*7=%+! 7%+!
+%(8&+! &%! =8$%((8(! =%+! 68($%+! $%(! 72/8*8+! 2/8!
+7L#7(!=8!+8(!8+$*7(8$#=%+!$8*7+!*/G8+!=%!<+$J(#6%!
17&6%'! 5#L%0! 8(! &7=7! +8! 7((8=%/! =7! *8#! =8! +8/+!
$7#+'! 5?%! (%+6(%/! 7%+! +%(8&+! (7#+! 2/8! /(!
*/+6%! "(76%! 7! "8/+0! $8(+8"/#=%! $8*%+! #&L8*%+%+! 8!
$%&=8&7=%! V! (%(68! $%(! (7"#+6(7=%+! $(8L8&#=%+'!

173
Y/#+! 2/8! +/7! 17&67! B"(8*70! $%(! 8*8! -/&=7=70!
-#G8++8!%!(8+6%'!
)7*7! 7%+6! &%! $7$J6/*%! /9! =8! +/7! N#+6,(#7! =8!
/(7! +8#67! =8! */=8/+! (#"%(#+67+0! (8$8&68(8&68!
-/&=7=7! $%(! /(! 67*! 7/=7+! "7*#*8/! A! ,<*8+!
=8+$(8G7(4! A! =#G! A! ,%+! (7*8+! 68((8&%+0!
6(#/&-7&=%! =%+! 6%((8&6%+! $8*7! $%&+6R&$#7'!
=(8-8(8(0! $8*7! "*,(#70! 7! (%(68! V! L#=7'! @$67(7(!
+%-(8(!-8((%!8!-%"%0!=8#Q7(!2/8!*+8+!2/8.(7++8(!%+!
%++%+! 7! $(%&/&$#7(! 7! (8&%(! $7*7L(7! $%&6(7! +8/!
*8"#+*7=%(!%/!$%(8(!$7(&8+!L8=7=7+4'!
@!(86(76%!$7(8$8!2/7=(7(!7%+!*/=7J+67+!8!&?%!
7%+! 8++K&#%+'! =7*7L(7+! =8! 7%+6T! ,7/=7+! -%#! 7/6%(!
=8!/(7!&%L7!+8#670!=8!6%=%!$%&6%!=#L8(+7!=7+!6(K+!
%/6(7+! A! =8! +7=/$8/+0! -7(#+8/+! 8! 8++K&#%+4'! <!
.(8L8! 6(8$+%T! ,1?%! */=8/+! =8! &7$#%&7*#=7=8'!
5#L8(! /&#=%+! 8&6(8! +#0! 8! $%&+#=8(7(! LJ$#%! 7!
L%*\$#74'! "8&%67! %! +8&6#=%! &76/(7*! =7! -(7+8! +8(!
=%+!*/=7J+67+!2/8!-7*7!%!7/6%('!
18*7!$%(%!-%(0!$%&+8$8(7(:+8!8++8+!*/=7J+67+!
7&68+! 2/8! %+! =#+$J$/*%+! =8! !(#+6%! $%&+6#6/J++8(!
$7(6#=%!$%&+#=8('L8*!&%!(/&=%'!
@+! 68(7$8/67+! 8(7(! /(7! +%$#8=7=8! =#-8(8&68!
=8!8++K&#%+!8!*/=7J+67+'!-#(7L7(!7%+!"#&%++%-#+67+!
=7!P&=#7!8!7%+!.(7(7+'!,<&#(7:%+4!A!768+67!)J*%&!
A!,/(!J($86%!=8!7(%(!$8*8+68!2/8!%+!6(7&+$%(67!
7%! 8&6/+#7+(%! =%+! .7$7&68+! 8! $%(#.7&68+! 8!
"/#&=7:%+! 7%! 8+67=%! =8! $%&68($*7>?%! 7! 2/8!

174
7+$#(7('! <+67! +8#67! &7+$8/! 8(! <*8Q7&=(#70!8&6?%!
#&>7=7! =8! */=8/+0! 8! 7*7+6(%/! -8(7G(8&68! $8*%!
<"#6%4'!
@+! =#+$J$/*%+! =8! 7%?%! %76#+67! 67(.6(!
$(%*#-8(7(7(! /(! $%/$%! &%! <"#6%0! (7+!
$(#&$#$7*(8&68! &7! 1J(#7! 8! <('.#7'! #8=(7(7(!
%/6(%++#(! &7! D+#7! #8&%('! "#G8(! %+! <6%+! =%+!
<$,+6%*%+! .$7$J6/*%! /93! +7L8(! =7/*%! 8&$%&6(7=%!
(/#6%+!=8*8+!8(![-8+%0!7%+!2/7#+!#&=7"%/T!
,A! 8$8.8+68+!%!<+$J(#6%!17&6%!!
A! 58(! +82/8(! %/L#(%+! -7*7(! 2/8! +%/L8++8!
/(!<+$J(#6%!17&6%'!
A!Y/8!.76#+(%!(8$8.8+68+!!
A!@!.76#+(%!=8!7%?%'4!
<Q#+6#7(0! &%+! $(#(8#(%+! 7&%+! 2/8! +8!
+8"/#(7(! V! (%(68! =8! !(#+6%0! +868! +%$#8=7=8+! %/!
+8#67+! =#+6#&67+! 8&6(8! %+! */=8/+T! -7(#+8/+0!
+7=/$8/+0! 8++K&#%+0! */=7J+67+0! 68(7$8/67+0!
=#+$J$/*%+! =8! 7%?%! 8! =#+$J$/*%+! =8! !(#+6%0! $/*%!
=#(#&/6%! (8.7&+%! "8/+! $%&=/G#7! 7! +8&=7+!
=8+$%&+8$#=7+!=7!+7.8=%(#7!+/(7&7'!
)%(7(! %+! -#6#+! 7$8*#=7=%+! $(#+6?%+! 8(!
<&6#,2/#70! $%(! .8#(7! =%! 7&%! 1:! =7! 8(7! L/*"7('!5%!
#($6(#%! (%(7&%0! $%(%! 7=#7&68! L8(8(%+0! -%(7(!
$%&+8$#=%+!$%(!%/6(%+!&%(8+!"8!$(#(8#(%!&?%!+8!
=#+6#&"/#7(! +8&?%! $8*7! =8&%(#&7>?%! =8! #((?%+0!

175
+7&6%+!%/!-#6#+'!"8/+0!2/8!.7#Q7(7!V!68((7!7!-#(!=8!
+8(! 8Q8($*%! =8! +/(#*=7=8! 8! $%.(8G70! =8(7! 7++#(!
6%+$%+!7*#$8($8+!V!+/7!#"(8*7!8!"/#7(7:7!&%!(8+(%!
8+67=%! =8! +/(#*+7>?%! 8(! 2/8! *+8! 7$(%/L8(7!
&7+$8('! )%(7(! %+! $(#(8#(%+! $(#+6?%+! +%(8&+!
%.+$/(%+0! 6(7.7*+7=%(8+! (7&/7#+'! "#G! %! 7$,+6%*%!
=7/*%!2/8!"7&+7L7!7!L#=7!$%&+6(/#&=%!68&=7+'!1'!
=8=(%! (8++/+$#6%/! 7! $%+6/(8#(7! "%($7+0! 2/8! -7G#7!
%+! +'.#6%+! =%+! #((?%+'! @+! -#6#+! (8/&#7(:+8! 8(!
7%$80! 8(! $7+7! =8! /(! $/(6#=%(! =8! &%(8! 1#(?%0!
(8G7!%!$7$J6/*%!9!=%+!<6%+!=%+!<$,+6%*%+'!
18$(867(8&68! %+! -#6#+! +8! #&-#*6(7(7(! &7!
8(6$#70!8!=8!*'!7*"/&+!$%&+8"/#(7(!6(7&+*7=7(:+8!
7! %(7! =8! $%&6(7.7&=%! $%(! %+! */=8/+0! 7! 2/8(!
%+! (%(7&%+! $8((#6#7(! %! -/&$#%&7(8&6%! =8! /(7!
+#&7"%"7'! 5?%! +8! *+8+! +8$7(7(7(! *%"%'!
@.+8(L7L7(! 7! $#($/&$#+?%! 80! $%(%! 7*+/(8+! *'! +8!
7=L8(6#/0! %+! 2/#&G8! $(#(8#(%+! .#+$%+! =8!
78(/+7*6(!-%(7(!6%=%+!$#($/&$#=7=%+'!
<%! 6%(7(! $%&+#"%! -#(,68%0! 2/8! 8(7! -#*+%! =8!
$7#!"8&6#%0!%!7$,+6%*%!=7/*%!$#($/&$#=%/:%!$%(!7+!
$(,$(#7+!(?%+!&%!*/"7(8*%!=8!E#+6(7'!-#6%0!$%(6(0!
%/6(%! =#+$J$/*%! +8/0! &?%! +8! =8#Q%/! $#($/&$#=7('!
#7&6#L8(7(:+8!%+!#((?%+!=#+$J$/*%+!=8!!(#+6%!8(!
/&#?%!$%(!%+!*/=8/+!766!2/8!=7/*%!-%#!$8(+8"/#=%!
8(! 78(/+7*6(! $%(! *8L7(! 8+6(7&"8#(%+! 7%! 68($*%'!
<$/+7L7(:&%!%+!*/=8/+!=8!2/8(8(!+/.+6#6/#(!7!*8#!
(%+7#$7! $%(! 78+/+! !(#+6%'! )%#! $7(7! 8Q$/&"#(:+8!
=8++7!7$/+7>?%!2/8!%!7$,+6%*%!772/8+!$(%$O+!7%!

176
7$,+6%*%!=7/*%!-7G8(:+8!(7$7(!7!$7.8>7!8!$/(#-#$7(:
+8!&%!68($*%!$%(!2/76(%!*/=8/+'!2/8!+7L#7(!-8#6%!
L%6%! =8! +8! .7(.87(8('! ,-%(7#:%+! $%&L%+$%4! A!
=#++8:*+8! 772/8+! .$7$J6/*%! 9/0! <6%+! =%+!
<$,+6%*%+3'!A!,=/(#-#$7#:L%+!$%(!8*8+0!8!2/8!6%=%+!
+7#.7(! +8(! -7*+%! %! 2/8! =8! L,+! +8! =#G! 8! 2/8!
$%&6#&/7#+!7!%.+8(L7(!7!*8#!=8!#%#+6+4'!
=7/*%! -%#! $(#(#&7=%! 67(.6(! =8! #($#8=7=8! 8!
+8(8+#70! 8! +8/! $(%$8++%! =/(%/! *%&"%! 68($%'!
<L#=8&$#7:+8! $%(6(! =7+! $(,$(#7+! 7$/+7>M8+!
$%&6(7! 8*8! 7++7$7=7+! 2/8! 8*8! L#8(7! 7! 78(/+7*6(!
$7(7!%.+8(L7(!%+!(#6%+!*/=7#$%+'!
1?%! $7*7L(7+! 68Q6/7#+! =8! =7/*%! 7! )8+6%!
.$7$J6/*%!9I!=%+!<6%+3T!,5?%!$82/8#!&8(!$%&6(7!7!
*8#!*/=7#$7!&8(!$%&6(7!%!68($*%4'!
@+!7$,+6%*%+!7&/&$#7L7(!!(#+6%!$%(%!*/=8/0!
%.+8(L7=%(! =7! *8#! */=7#$70! 8&L#7=%! =8! "8/+! $7(7!
-7GK:*7!%.+8(L7('!
,<! $#($/&$#+?%! 6! \6#*4! A! =#G! %! 7$,+6%*%! =7/*%!
.$7$J6/*%! 90! <$J+6%*7+! 7%+! %(7&%+3! A! ,+8!
%.+8(L7#+!7!*8#'!#7+!+8!7!L#%*7#+!L%++7!$#($/&$#+?%!
6%(&7:+8!8(!$(8$\$#%'!18!%!#&$#($/&$#+%!%.+8(L7!7!
*8#0!6!$%(%!+8!-%++8!$#($/&$#+%'!58(=7=8#(%!*/=8/!6!
%!2/8!%!6!#&68(#%((8&684'!
<%! -7*7(! =8! 78+/+! 8(! +/7+! <$J+6%*7+0! &?%!
(8L8*7! 8++8! 7$,+6%*%! %! (#+66(#%! #&8-'L8*! =7!
$%&+/.+67&$#7*#=7=8! =%! !(/$#-#$7=%! $%(! "8/+'!

177
,=%(!8*8!-%(%+!+7*L%+4!A!=#G!.$7$J6/*%!I0!<$J+6%*7+!
7%+! %(7&%+3! ,=7! $,*8(7! =8! "8/+! A! =8*7! "(7>7!
$%&$8=#=7! 7! /(! +,! +%(8(! A! 78+/+! !(#+6%! A!
=8((7(%/:+8!+%.(8!&,+!%!=%(!=#L#&%'!=8*%!$8$7=%!
=8! /(! +,! +%(8(0! (8#&%/! 7! (%(68'! =%(! /(! +,!
+%(8(! A! 78+/+! A! %+! */+6%+! (8#&7(?%'4! <! &%!
$7$J6/*%! ;T! ,5,+0! %+! +8(=8#(%+! =8! "8/+! 8! %+! $%:
+8(=8#(%+!=8!!(#+6%'4!5%!$7$J6/*%!/1T!,<!"8/+0!2/8!
6! %! +'.#%! \&#$%0! +%&(7! 8! "*,(#7! $%(! 78+/+! !(#+6%'!
A! 5,+! 8+67#+! 8(! 78+/+0! 8! 78+/+! 8+6'! 8(! "8/+4!
./7'!<%+!!%(J&6#%+0!$7$'!H3'!<!.#.='0!$7$'!/I0!L'!903T!
,<! 8*8! 6/=%! 8+6'! +/*8#6%0! 2/8! 7! 8*8! "8/+! 6/=%!
+/*8#6%/4'!
-8L8:+8! $8(67! =#-#$/*=7=8! 8(! 8Q$*#$7(! 8+68!
*7&>%! =7! <$J+6%*7! 7%+! )#*#$#&%+T! ,57=7! -7>7#+! $%(!
"*,(#7!L?'!!(8=8!(/6/7(8&68!$8*7!+/(#*=7=8!2/8!
%+! %/6(%+! L%+! +?%! +/$8(#%(8+'! <.(#"7#! %+! (8+(%+!
+8&6#(8&6%+! 2/8! 78+/+0! 2/80! 7$+7&=%:+8! 8(!
(#++?%!=8!"8/+0!&8(!$%(!#++%!$%"#6%/!/+/($':*%!7!
8*8! +8! #"/7*7&=%4'! =8&86(7:%! 8! 8+$*7(8$8:*+8! %!
L8(=7=8#(%!+8&6#=%!/(7!$7(67!2/8!&%+!*8"7(7(!7+!
#"(8*7+! =8! 5#8&7! 8! E#?%0! 8+$(#67! &%! 7&%! //00!
$(8$#%+%! (%&/(8&6%! =7! 7&6#"Z#=7=8'! E%/L7:+8!
&8*7! 7! (%=6+6#7! =8! 7*"/&+! -#6#+T! ,<*8+! &?%!
2/#+8(7(4! A! (8G7! A! ,7/(8%*7(:+8! =%! 6J6/*%! =8!
('(6#(8+! .$%(! 7*"/(7+! 6(#./*7>M8+3! 7! 8Q8($*%! =8!
78+/+0!2/80!8(!(8$(8+8&67>?%!=#L#&70!&?%!$%"#6%/!
/+/($7(! 7! 2/7*#=7=8! =8! $7(! =8! "8/+4'! <++#(!
67(.6(! =#G! @(J"8&8+! 8(! +8/! !%(8&6'(#%! +%.(8!
7%?%T! ,#7#+! #((7=#7&68! -%#! 7! "(7&=8G7! =8! 78+/+!

178
+/(#*+7&=%:+8! =%! 2/8! +8! 6#L8++8! /+/($7=%! 7!
$7(#=7=8! $%(! "8/+4'! <-86#L7(8&680! +8(#7! L#+JL8*!
$%&6(7! +8&+%! 7! #&68($(867>?%! $%&6('(#7'! Y/8!
+#"&#-#$7(#7T! ,!(8=8! %+! %/6(%+! +/$8(#%(8+! 7! L,+'!
B(#67#! 78+/+0! 2/8! &?%! $%"#6%/! +8(! /+/($7>?%!
#"/7*7(:+8! 7! "8/+4U! 18(#7! $%&6(7=#G8(:+8!
"(%++8#(7(8&680! +8(#7! =7(! /(! 8Q8($*%! =8!
"(7&=8G7! $%(! /(! 8Q8($*%! =8! (%=6+6#7'! 18(#7!
$8$7(!$%&6(7!%!+8&+%!$%(/('!
<++#(! -/&=7L7! 7! +7.8=%(#7! =%+! 7$,+6%*%+! 7!
#"(8*7! &7+$8&68'! 17.8=%(#7! 2/8! 7! =#+$/67!
+%.(8L#&=7! 8&6(8! %+! 7$,+6%*%+! =8=(%0! 772/8+! 8!
7%?%!=8!/(!*7=%!8!=7/*%!=8!%/6(%!&?%!$%&+8"/#/!
6/(.7('! <++7! =#+$/67! +%.(8L8#%! 8(! <&6#,2/#7'! @!
7$,+6%*%!=8=(%0!67(.6(!$+7(7=%!!8-7+0!%/!7#&=7!
1#(?%!%7(*%&80!$%(#7!$%(!%+!"8&6#%+!$%&L8(+%+!8!
$%(!8*8+!&?%!%.+8(L7L7!7+!$8(#(O&#7+!=7!*8#!&8(!
7! =#+6#&>?%! =7+! $7(&8+'! !%(#7(0! 8*80! %7(&7.6! 8!
%/6(%+! =#+$J$/*%+0! #&=#-8(8&68(8&68! $7(&8! =8!
$%($%0! $7(&8+! 7-%"7=7+! =8! 7&#(7#+! 2/8! 6#&+7(! %!
$6! -8&=#=%! 8! 2/8! &?%! (/(#&7L7('! N7L8&=%!
$+8"7=%0! 8&6(867&6%0! &/(8(%+%+! */=8/+! $(#+6?%+0!
$%(! 8*8+! 1'! =8=(%! (86%(&%/! V! 7.+6#&K&$#7! =7+!
$7(&8+!$(%#.#=7+!8!V+!$8(#(O&#7+!=7!*8#!(%+7#$7'!
<! (8=#=7! 8(7! $(/=8&68'! <*8! &?%! 2/8(#7!
8+$7&=7*#G7(! %+! */=8/+! $(#+6?%+! +8/+!
$%($7&+8#(%+'! =%(6(! =7/*%! *8L7&6%/:+8! $%&6(7!
8*8!$%(!/(!$%/$%!=8!=/(8G7'!,</!*+8!(8+#+6#74!A!

179
=#++8:*+8! &%! (%+6%! A! ,$%(2/8! 8(7! $%&=8&'L8*4'!
.<$J+6%*7!7%+!8'*767+0!$7$'!93'!
<++7! 2/8(8*7! $7(8$8! 67&6%! (7#+!
8Q6(7%(=#&'(#7! =7! $7(68! =8! 1'! =7/*%! 2/7&6%! 7!
$(#&$J$#%! 8*8! -%(7! $8(+8"/#=%(0! %! 2/8! %! =8L#7!
6%(&7(! (7#+! (%=8+6%0! -#G8(7! +7$(#-J$#%+! &%! 68($*%!
=8!78(/+7*6(0!$#($/&$#=7(7!+8/!=#+$J$/*%!-#(,68%!
8! $/($(#(7! %+! (#6%+! */=8/+! 2/8! 7"%(7! $8&+/(7L7!
8(!!8-7+'!=(868&=8!1'!78(O&#(%!2/8!8++7!=#+$/67!
8&6(8! =7/*%! 8! !8-7+! 8(7! =8! 8&$%(8&=7'! "#G! 8(!
+/7! $(#(8#(7! N%(#*#70! 6%(%! 90! 2/8! 8*8+! -#G8(7(!
$%(%! =%#+! 7=L%"7=%+! 2/80! $7(7! 68(! (7#+!
7/6%(#=7=8! +%.(8!%+!$*#8&68+0!+8!8+$7&=8$8(!8!+8!
7-8((%6%7(! &%! 6(#./&7*'! <! +/"8(8! 2/80!
$(868&=8&=%! =8=(%! !8-7+! $(8"7(! 7%+! */=8/+! 8!
=7/*%! 7%+! "8&6#%+3! +#(/*7(7(! 2/8(8*7(0! =7/*%!
$7(7! $7(87(! %+! "8&6#%+0! =8=(%! $7(7! $%&2/#+67(! %+!
*/=8/+'! 16%'! <"%+6#&+%0! $%(6(0! &?%! 8+6'! $8*%+!
7/6%+T! ,<(%-#&7:(84! A! 8+$(8L8! &7! <$J+6%*7! 7!
78(O&#(%!A!,2/8!/(!6?%!"(7&=8!+%(8(!+8!6%(&8!
$76(%&%!=%!8(./+680!$76(%&/(!(8&=7$##4'!
"8! (7#+! 7! (7#+0! +8! =8=(%! #7! $(8"7(! 7%+!
*/=8/+! */=7#G7&68+! 8! =7/*%! 7%+! 8+6(7&"8#(%+0! 6!
(/#6%!$(%L'L8*!2/8!=8=(%!&?%!+7*7!L#&=%!7! %(7'!
58&+/(7! (8&>?%! -7G8(! =8++7! L#7"8(! %+! <6%+!
=%+!<$,+6%*%+'!
18*7! $%(%! -%(0! -%#! $%(! L%*67! =%! 7&%! 1:! =7!
&%++7!8(7!2/8!%+!$(#+6?%+!$%(8>7(7(!7!=8+2/#67(:

180
+8!=7!$%(/&+?%!*/=7#$70!%!2/8!67&67+!8&$(8&$7+!
8! $8(+8"/#>M8+! *+8+! $/+6%/! =8! $7(68! =7+!
+#&7"%"7+! =8! %(70! 8(6$#70! <"#6%! 8! D+#7'!
<$/+7(7(:&%+! +8/+! #((?%+! */=8/+! =8!
#((8*#"#%+#=7=80!768J+(%!8!8Q$%(/&"7L7(:&%+!6(K+!
L8G8+! &%+! =#7+! =8! +7.768'! #7+! "8/+! $(%68"8/:%+!
8(!(8#%!7%!7*/=8!=7+!$8(+8"/#>M8+'!
=%/$%! 7! $%/$%! $(%*#-8(7(7(! #"(8*7+0! 8! 7&68+!
=%! -#(! =%! $(#(8#(%! +6$/*%! /*6#(%/:+8! %! =#L,($#%!
8&6(8! */=8/+! 8! $(#+6?%+'! @! "%L8(&%! (%(7&%!
#"&%(7L7! 8++7! +8$7(7>?%'! 58(! %! +8&7=%! &8(! %+!
#($8(7=%(8+! 6#&+7(! %*+%+! $7(7! 7+! .(#"7+! =8! /(!
$7(6#=%! #&+#"&#-#$7&68! 2/8! 766! 8&6?%! "8/+!
$%&=/G#(7! &7! %.+$/(#=7=8! 8! +,! #&+8&+#L8*(8&68!
6(7G#7!V!*/G!=#/(&7'!
%7*7&$8(%+!%!8+67=%!8(!2/8!7!8++8!68($%!+8!
7$+7L7! 7! (8*#"#?%! =%! #($6(#%! (%(7&%'! <(! 2/7+8!
6%=7!7!68((7!"%G7L7(!=8!$(6=#6%!%+!(#+66(#%+!8!7+!
8Q$#7>M8+'! B($8(7=%(8+0! "(7&=8+! 8! -#*,+%-%+0! 6!
L8(=7=80! &?%! 6#&+7(! 7! (8&%(! -6! 8(! 67#+!
(#+66(#%+'!#7+!%!$%L%0!2/8!8(!(766(#7!=8!(8*#"#?%!
=#67! 7! *8#! 7%+! "(7&=8+0! #($/&+7:*+8+! 7!
&8$8++#=7=8! =8! +8! $%&-%((7(8(! 7$7(8&68(8&68!
$%(!+8/!$/*6%'!!/($(80!$7(7!8&$7=8':*%0!7((7+67(!
7+! (8+(7+! $7=8#7+! 2/8! 8*8'! @! $(,$(#%! !J$8(%!
#&#$#%/:+8!&%+!(#+66(#%+!=8!<*8/+#&7'!<!$%&$8$>?%!
(%&%68#$7! 8(7! %! $(#&$#$7*! =%"(7! 2/8! +8!
7&/&$#7L7!&8++7+!-8+67+!(#+68(#%+7+!8!(7"&J-#$7+'!
5?%! +'! &8"7(! +8(8(! 7+! %(7>M8+! 8! %+! +#&%+! 2/8!

181
=8++8+! (#+66(#%+! &%+! (8+67(! %! 2/8! =8! (7#+!
$#8=%+%!8!7=(#('L8*!$%++/#!%!$7"7&#+(%'!
@! +8(8(! %+! $(#+6?%+! 67(.6(! (%&%68J+67+!
(/#6%! *+8+! -7$#*#6%/! 7! $%&L8(+?%! =%+! "8&6#%+'!
<*"/&+! -#*,+%-%+! =7! +8#67! =8! =*76?%! .7&=87(7(!
$7(7! %! $(#+6#7&#+(%'! <J! 8+6'! $%(! 2/8! -%(7(!
$*76O&#$%+! 6%=%+! %+! $7=(8+! =7! #"(8*7! =%+! 6(K+!
$(#(8#(%+!+6$/*%+'!
@! G8*%! #&$%&+#=8(7=%! =8! 7*"/&+! &?%!
$%&+8"/#/! %$%(! 8($8>%+! V+! L8(=7=8+!
-/&=7(8&67#+'! 8$(%L%/:+8!7!1'!7/+6#&%0!/(!=%+!
$(#(8#(%+!$7=(8+0!%!+7L8(!=#6%!8(!+8/!!%(8&6'(#%!
+%.(8!B+7J7+!2/80!8(!(8#&7=%!=8!(#*!7&%+!+%.(8!7!
68((70! %+! +7&6%+! "%G7(#7(! =8! 6%=%+! %+! .8&+!
+8&+/7#+'! 8$/6%/:+8:*+8! $(#(8! %! =#G8(! &7!
<$%*%"#7! =%! !(#+6#7&#+(%! 2/80! 68&=%! "8/+! $(#7=%!
7! 68((70! =8#Q%/:7! 7%+! $/#=7=%+! =%+! 7&*%+0! 2/80!
8&7(%(7&=%:+8!=7+!(/*+8(8+0!*+8+!-#G8(7(!-#*+%+0!
2/8!+?%!%+!=8(O&#%+'!
!%&=8&%/:+8! 7! E7$6R&$#%! 8! %/6(%+! $7=(8+! %!
68(8(! =7=%! $(6=#6%! 7%+! %('$/*%+! =7+! +#.#*7+'!
=(868&=#7! 8*8! +7L8(! 7! +#.#*7! <(#6(6#7! $%($%+6%!
8+68+! 2/76(%! L8(+%+! "(8"%+0!2/8!6(7=/G%!V!$%(6#>7!
=7! *86(7T! A! !%(! $#&$%! $?8+! 8! =%#+! $8#Q8+! A! 8*8!
7*#(8&67('! $#&$%! (#*! +%(8&+! &%! =8+8(6%'! A! <0!
*/&67&=%!%+!+%.8*%+0!A!=%G8!$8+6%+!8&$+8(''!
<$%#(%/:+8! %/6(%++#(! 7%+! $(#(8#(%+! $(#+6?%+!
7! -7*+7! 7*8"7>?%! =8! $8(6%+! L8(+%+! 7$(,+6#$%+! =8!

182
/(7! 7&6#"7! +#.#*70! %+! 2/7#+! $%(8>7L7(! 6%=%+!
$8*7+! *86(7+! #&#$#7#+! =%! &%(8! =8! 78+/+! !(#+6%!
=#+$%+67+!&7!(8+(7!%(=8('!
<++8+! 8+$(\$/*%+! 7&6#$#8&6J-#$%+! =8! 7*"/&+!
$(#+6?%+! &?%! #($8=#(7(! 7! #"(8*7! =8! (87*#G7(! %+!
$(%"(8++%+! 2/8! *+8! (8+8(L7L7! "8/+'!
=(#(#6#L7(8&68! %+! $(#+6?%+! $8*8.(7L7(! +8/+!
(#+66(#%+! 8(! $7+7+! (86#(7=7+0! 8(! +/.68((R&8%+0!
=8! &%#68'! "7J0! 768+67! ##&\6#%! )6*#Q0! *+8+! L8#%! %!
7$8*#=%! =8! */$#-/"7$8+'! )J*%&! $+7(7L7:%+!
"8++87&%+'! 5%+! 2/76(%! $(#(8#(%+! +6$/*%+! -%(7(!
(7#+! $%(/(8&68! $%&+8$#=%+! $%(! "7*#*8/+! 8!
&7G7(8&%+'! 1%.(8! 6%=7+! 8++7+! =8&%(#&7>M8+0!
6%=7L#70!$(8L7*8$8/!7!=8!$(#+6?%+'!
58(! 7! +#8(7(2/#7! &8(! 7+! $('6#$7+! -%(7(!
8+67.8*8$#=7+! =8! /(7! L8G'! @+! 68($%+! 7$%+6,*#$%+!
-%(7(! =#-8(8&68+! =%+! 2/8! +8! *+8+! +8"/#(7('!
<&+#&7:&%+! 1'! =7/*%! ./7'! <%+! !%(J&6#%+3! 2/8!
8+67&=%!%+!#((?%+!(86#&#=%+!A!$#($/&$#+%+!%/!&?%!
A! +,! $%=#7(! -7*7(! =%#+! %/! 6(K+! $(%-867+0! 8! +8!
8&6(8(8&68+! 7*"/6(! 6#L8++8! /(7! (8L8*7>?%0! %!
$(%-867! 2/8! 6%(7(7! 7! $7*7L(7! 8(7! %.(#"7=%! 7!
$7*7(:+8'!
1%.(8!8++8!/+%!=7!#"(8*7!$(#(#6#L7!7#&=7!+%*8!
+8! -/&=7(! (/#67+! $%(/&+M8+! $(#+6?+0! 8(! $/*7+!
(8/&#M8+! &?%! +'! +#8(7(2/#7'! B&#$#7*(8&68!
2/7*2/8(!$8++%7!6#&+7!%!=#(8#6%!=8!-7*7(!&7!#"(8*70!
6#(7&68! 7+! (/*+8(8+'! <! +7&67! (#++7! =8! +%*80! 2/8!

183
+8!$8*8.(7!=8!(7&+?0!$(#(#6#L7(8&68!$8*8.(7L7:+8!
V!67(=8!8!8(7!7!$8#7'!<++8+!$%+6/(8+!(/=7(7(!V!
$(%$%(>?%! 2/8! 7! #"(8*7! +8! -%(67*8$8/'! 1%$#8=7=8!
(7#+!8Q68&+7!8Q#"#7!8L#=8&68(8&68!(7#%(!&\(8(%!
=8! (8"/*7(8&6%+0! 8! 7! $(/=K&$#7! =%+! $7+6%(8+!
+%/.8! $%&-%((7(:+8! V+! =#-8(8&>7+! =8! 68($%! 8!
*/"7('!
<.%&7(! 1'! 78(O&#(%! 8! </+6.#%! 2/80!
$%&+6#6/J=7+! 7+! #"(8*7+0! $7/*76#&7(8&68! -%(7(! +8!
=#+6#&"/#&=%! $#&$%! %(=8&+! 8$*8+#'+6#$7+T! %+!
L#"#*7&68+'! A! 8$#+$%$%#! A! =8! %&=8! $(%LK8(! %+!
.#+$%+3! %+! 7&6#"%+! =7! +%$#8=7=8! A! $(8+.;68(%#! A!
$7=(8+3! %+! +8(L8&68+! %/! =#'$%&%+! A! =#7$%&%#3!
$#+6%#! A! $(8&68+0! #&#$#7=%+0! #+6%! 60! %+! .76#G7=%+0!
2/8! $7(6#$#$7L7(! =7+! $8#7+! =%+! '"7$8+3!
-#&7*(8&68! %+! $768$\(8&%+! 8! 8&8("\(8&%+0!
$7&=#=76%+! 7%! .76#+(%'! @! +'.#6%! 8(7! %! (8+(%!
$7(7! 7+! $#&$%! %(=8&+'! -%=7+! =8L#7(! (7&68(! %!
$8*#.76%0! 68+68(/&+7(! %! *#L(%! =8! -8(6/*#7&%!
=8=#$7=%!7!+/7!(/*+8(!8!%!8Q8($*%!=%+!7$,+6%*%+'!
5%+! 6(K+! $(#(8#(%+! +6$/*%+! &8&+/(7!
(8$(8+8&67>?%0! $#&67=7! %/! 8+$/*$#=70! $(8+#=#7! 7!
+/7+! (8/&#M8+'! @+! $(#+6?%+! 8+$%&=#7(!
$/#=7=%+7(8&68! +8/+! *#L(%+! 7%+! "8&6#%+0! &?%! %+!
$%&-#7&=%! +8&?%! 7%+! #&#$#7=%+'! 58(! 7%+!
$768$\(8&%+! 8(7! $8((#6#=%! (8$#67(! 7! %(7>?%!
=%(#&#$7*'!
@!2/8!(7#+!$7(7$68(#+6#$7(8&68!=#+6#&"/#7!%+!
$(#+6?%+0! 8! 2/8! L8#%! 766! &%++%+! =#7+0! 8(7! %! $%=8(!

184
=8!8+$7&67(!%+!=#7.%+!$%(!%!+#&7*!=7!$(/G'!!%&67!
@(J"8&8+! &%! -(767=%! $%&6(7! !8*+%0! &\(8(%! /HH0!
2/8!<&6#&%/+0!=#L#&#G7=%!$8*%!#($8(7=%(!<=(#7&%0!
-7G#7! (#*7"(8+! &%! <"#6%! $%(! -%(>7! =8!
8&$7&67(8&6%+! 8! $(8+6J"#%+'! <$(8+$8&670!
8&6(867&6%0! .7+67(! 7! +#($*8+! $(%&/&$#7>?%! =%!
&%(8! =8! 78+/+! $7(7! %+! =#7.%+! =8#Q7(8(! %! $%($%!
=%+!$%++8++%+'!
-8(6/*#7&%! L7#! (7#+! *%&"8! 8! =%+! -/&=%+! =7!
D-(#$7! $(%$*7(7T! ,18! L%++%+! =8/+8+! &?%!
$%&-8++7(8(! +8(! =#7.%+! &7! $(8+8&>7! =8! /(! L8(%!
$(#+6?%0! =8! .%(! "(7=%! L%+! L8(#7! =8((7(7(! %!
+7&"/8! =8++8! $(#+6?%4'! .<$%*%"66#$70! $7$J6/*%! 9H3'!
N7L8('!$%#+7!(7#+!8L#=8&68U!
<-86#L7(8&680! 78+/+! !(#+6%! 8&L#%/! +8/+!
7$,+6%*%+! 7! -#(! =8! $%((8(! %+! =8(O&#%+'! "%(! =8!
8Q$/*+':*%+! 6#L8(7(! 67(.6(! %+! */=8/+0! $%(2/80!
2/7&=%! 78+/+! *#L(%/! $%++8++%+! 8! 8+$7L8&6%/! %+!
=#7.%+!&%!$%($%!=8!/(7!L7(7!=8!$%($%+!8!%$8(%/!
%/6(7+! $/(7+! 2/8! 67#+0! =#++8(7(! %+! -7(#+8/+T!
8Q$/*+7!%+!=8(O&#%+!$8*%!$%=8(!=8!%8*G8./'!A!18!
6! $%(! %8*G8./! 2/8! 8/! %+! 8Q$/*+%! A! (86(/$%/!
78+/+!A!$%(!2/8(!%+!8Q$/*+7(!L%++%+!-#*+%+X4![!
#&$%&68+6'L8*! 2/8! %+! */=8/+! +8! "7.7L7(! =8++8!
$%=8('! -#&+7(! 8Q%($#+67+! 8! 8Q%($#+(%+'!
B&L%$7L7(!%!&%(8!=%!=8/+!=8!77$,!8!=8!<.(7?%'!
B&6(%=/G#7(! 8(L7+! $%&+7"(7=7+! &%! &7(#G! =%+!
=8(%&J7$%+'! .7%+6! (8*767! $7(68! =8++7+!
$8(#(O&#7+3'! <++8! $%=8(! +%.(8! %+! =#7.%+0! 2/8! %+!

185
*/=8/+!$8(=8(7(0!6(7&+(#6#/:+8!7%+!$(#+6?%+0!2/8!
67(.6(! $7(8$8(! 6K:*%! $8(=#=%! =8+=8! 7*"/(!
68($%'!
!%($(88&=#7! %! $%=8(! =8! 8Q$/*+7(! %+!
=8(O&#%+! 67(.6(! %! =8! =8+-7G8(! 7+! %$8(7>M8+! =7!
(7"#7'! =%(2/8! 7! (7"#7! 8+68L8! 8(! L%"7! 8(! 6%=%+!
%+!68($%+!8!8(!6%=7+!7+!&7>M8+'!-%=%+!%+!$7=(8+!
=7! #"(8*7! 7! 8*7! +8! (8-8(8('! @.+8(L7! 1'! 7/+6#&%!
.<$%*%"66#$70!*#L(%!H3!+8(!(/#6%!$%(/(!#&L%$7(:+8!
7!7*(7!=%+!(%(6%+0!6#(7&=%!=7J!/(!7("/(8&6%!8(!
-7L%(! =7! #(%(67*#=7=8! =7! 7*(7'! E7$6R&$#%!
.B&+6#6/#>M8+! "#L#&7+0! *#L(%! 03! =#G! 2/8! ,18!
%/+'++8#+!&8"7(!7!+/.+#+6K&$#7!=7!7*(7!7%!$%($%0!
%! (7"%! L%+! $%&L8&$8(#7! =%! $%&6('(#%! -7G8&=%:7!
7$7(8$8(4'! B(8&8/0! !*8(8&68! <*8Q7&=(#&%0!
-8(6/*#7&%0! %! .#+$%! !#$(#7&%0! 6%=%+! 7-#((7(! 7!
(8+(7!$%#+7!A!58(=7=8!6!2/8!+%*8!6/=%!(/=%/!8!
2/8!*'!&?%!8Q#+68(!(7"%+!&8(!8&=8(%&#&+7=%+'!
#7+! $8(67(8&68! L%*67(?%! V! $8&7! 2/7&=%! -%(! =7!
L%&67=8!=8!"8/+'!
Y/7&=%! 7+! +%$#8=7=8+! $(#+6?+! +8! 6%(&7(7(!
(7#+! %/! (8&%+! &/(8(%+7+! 8! (/#67+! +8!
*8L7&67(7(! $%&6(7! %! $/*6%! =%! #($6(#%! (%(7&%0!
$%&6(7!8*7+!7"#(7(!(#"%(%+7(8&68!%+!(7"#+6(7=%+!
8! +%.(86/=%! 7+! $8(+8"/#/! %! $%L%'! 5?%! +8!
$8(+8"/#7!7%+!*/=8/+0!2/8!"%G7L7(!=8!$(#L#*6"#%+!
$7(6#$/*7(8+! 8! +8! 8&$7(7(/*7L7(! 8(! +/7+!
+#&7"%"7+'! =8((#6#7:+8:*+8+! %! 8Q8($J$#%! =8! +/7!
(8*#"#?%0! $%(%! 7#&=7! %! $8((#68! 7! %(7! =8! +%*8'!

186
-%=%+! %+! $/*6%+! =%! #($6(#%! 8(7(! 6%*8(7=%+0!
8(.%(7!&?%!%+!7=%67++8!%!+8&7=%'!
-8&=%! $%(6(! %+! $(#+6?%+! +8! =8$*7(7=%!
#&#(#"%+! =8! 6%=%+! 8++8+! $/*6%+0! 8! +%.(86/=%! =7!
(8*#"#?%!=%!#($6(#%0!8Q$/+8(7(:+8!(/#67+!L8G8+!7!
$(/6#+!$(%L7>M8+'!
C(!=%+!$(#(8#(%+!8!(7#+!$6*8.(8+!('(6#(8+!-%#!
B&'$#%0! .#+$%! =8! <&6#,2/#70! $%&=8&7=%! $8*%!
$(,$(#%! #($8(7=%(! -(7*7&%0! 8&6?%! &7! D+#70! 8! $%(!
%(=8&+! +/7+! 6(7&+$%(67=%! 7! %(7! 7! -#(! =8! +8(!
8Q$%+6%! V+! -8(7+'! B++%! &/(! 68($%! 8(! 2/8! 7#&=7!
&?%! 8(7! $%+6/(8! 6(/$#=7(! $(#+6?%+! 8(! %(7'!
B"&%(7:+8!=8!2/8!68&+7!+#=%!7$/+7=%!*/&6%!=8++8!
#($8(7=%(0! 7-7(7=%! $8*7! =8(K&$#7'! 58$8++'(#%!
8(7! 2/8! B&'$#%! 6#L8++8! #&#(#"%+! -#"7=7#+'! "8!
2/7*2/8(! -%((70! $%&67! 7! +#+6,(#7! =8! +8/! (7(6J(#%!
+7L8(:+8!8&$%&6(7=%!8(!+8/!$%(7>?%0!"(7L7=%!8(!
*86(7+! =8! %/(%0! %! &%(8! =8! 78+/+! !(#+6%'! "7J!
7$8*#=7(8(:+8! %+! $(#+6?%+! 8(! 7*"/&+! */"7(8+!
68,-%(%+0!$%(%!7!+#!$(,$(#%!+8!$+7(7L7!B&'$#%'!
!%&+8(L7:+8!/(7!$7(67!+/7!8(!2/8!$8=8!7%+!
.#+$%+! 8! 7%+! $(#+6?%+! &?%! +8! %$%(8(! 7! +8/!
(7(6J(#%0! -%++8! $%(2/8! *'! 8&6?%! 8(7(! %+! -#6#+! 8(!
&\(8(%!+/-#$#8&68!$7(7!#($8=#:*%0!-%++8!$%(2/8!%+!
+%/L8++8! .7+67&68! 7$(8=#67=%+! $7(7! %.68(:*+8! 7!
"(7>7'! 5%6'L8*! 6! 68(:+8! $%&+8&6#=%! 2/80! 7%! +8(!
6(7G#=%! 7! %(70! %+! $(#+6?%+! =8+67! $#=7=8! -%++8(!

187
(8$8.K:*%'!@!2/8!$(%L7!2/8!+8!$/&#7!&8*8!7!$8++%7!
8!&?%!7!+8#67'!
5?%! -%(7(! $%&6#&/7=7+! 7+! $8(+8"/#>M8+'!
<+$(8L8! @(J"8&8+! .-(767=%! $%&6(7! !8*+%0! *#L(%! H3T!
,=%/$%+!-%(7(!%+!$(#+6?%+!2/8!(%((8(7(!$%(!+/7!
(8*#"#?%'! 1,! (/#6%! (7(7(8&68! +8! L8(#-#$7L7(!
8Q8$/>M8+!=8++7!&76/(8G74'!
-7&6%+!$7(#&+%+!=#+$8&+%/!"8/+!7!+/7!#"(8*7!
2/80!7!=8+$8#6%!=8!+8/+!=8+7-86%+0!-8G!2/8!6#L8++8!
$#&$%!$%&$J*#%+!.$%&"(8++%+!6%*8(7=%+3!&%!$(#(8#(%!
+6$/*%0!=8G8++8#+!&%!+8"/&=%!8!6(#&67!&%!68($8#(%'!
=%(! L8G8+! 67#+! $%&"(8++%+! -%(7(! $(%#.#=%+0!
2/7&=%! 7! -7*+7! $(/=K&$#7! =%+! (7"#+6(7=%+! 68(#7!
2/8! =8"8&8(7++8(! 8(! 6/(/*6%+'! =%/$%+! +?%! %+!
$(%$8++%+!L8(.7#+!2/8!&%+!(8+67(!=8!$(%$O&+/*8+!
8!$(86%(8+!2/8!$%&=8&7(7(!$(#+6?%+!V!(%(68'!1,!V!
L#+67! =8++8+! =%$/(8&6%+! $%=8(J7(%+! */*"7(! =7+!
7$/+7>M8+! $%&6(7! 8*8+! 7++7$7=7+! 8! =8! +8/+!
+/$*J$#%+'!
-8(%+!/(!-(7"(8&6%!=8!"#&J+!=8!<*8Q7&=(#70!
&%!2/7*!+8!(8*767!%!8Q6(76%!=7!$+7&$8*7(#7!=8!/(!
$(%$O&+/*!=%!<"#6%!+%.!%!#($8(7=%(!57*8(#7&%'!<#:
*%T!
B&6(%=/G#=%+! &7! +7*7! =8! 7/=#K&$#7! "#&J+0!
)7/+6%0!#'Q#(%0!#7($8*%!8!Y/8(8(?%0!=#++8:*+8+!
%! $(8-8#6%! <(#*#7&%T! ,-%(7+68+! $%&+8$#(8&6%0!
$8*7+!$7*8+6(7+!2/8!$%&L%+$%!6#L8!8!$%(!6/=%!2/8!7!
(8+$8#6%! 68&+%! 8+$(#6%0! 2/?%! .%&=%+%+! 6K(! +#=%!

188
&%++%+!$(J&$#$8+!8(!(8*7>?%!7!L,+'! 8$#6%:%T!7!L,+!
(8+(%+! 8&6(8"7(7(! L%++7! $%&+8(L7>?%! 8! L%++7!
+7\=8'! 5%++%! =8+6#&%! 8+6'! 8(! L%++7+! (?%+'! C(7!
\&#$7!$%#+7!L%+!$8=8(0!$%#+7!2/8!7!(7G?%!8Q#"8!7!
6%=7! $8++%7! (7G%'L8*T! 2/8! 7=%(8#+! %+! =8/+8+!
$(%686%(8+!=8!+8/!#($6(#%!8!(8&8"/8#+!7!8++8!$/*6%!
$%&6('(#%!V!&76/(8G7!8!7%!.%(!+8&+%4'!
8+$%&=8/!"#&J+T!,58(!6%=%+!%+!+%(8&+!6K(!
%+! (8+(%+! =8/+8+'! !7=7! /(! 7=%(7! %+! 2/8! */*"7!
L8(=7=8#(7(8&68!+8(8(:&%'4!
8$*#$%/! %! $(8-8#6%! <(#*#7&%T! ,58*%! 2/8! +%#+!
#&"(76%+! 8! 2/8! 7./+7#+! =7! .%&=7=8! =%+!
#($8(7=%(8+'! =%#+! .8(T! &?%! $%&6#&/7(8#+! &8+67!
$#=7=8'! #7&=':*%+:8#! $7(7! !8-(%0! &%+! $%&-#&+! =7!
EJ.#70! $%&-%((8! %(=8(! 2/8! (8$8.J! =%+! &%++%+!
#($8(7=%(8+'! 5?%! $8&+8#+! (88=#67(! *'! L%++7+!
(8/&#M8+!&8(!%(7(!&8++8+!*/"7(8+!7!2/8!$+7(7#+!
$8(#66(#%+T! 67*! L%+! 6! 68((#&7&68(8&68! L8=7=%0! 8!
&?%!%!$8((#6#(8#!7!&#&"/6(4'!
57=7!(7#+!$%++#L8*(8&68!L8(=7=8#(%!2/8!8++8!
$(%$8++%! L8(.7*'! <L#=8&$#7:+8! 2/8! +%/L8! 68($%!
8(! 2/8! 8(7(! $(%#.#=7+! 7+! (8/&#M8+! =%+! $(#+6?%+0!
7++#(! $%(%! 8&6(8! &,+! +8! #&68(=#G! 7%+! $7*L#&#+67+!
$%&"(8"7(8(:+8! 8(! E7&"/8=%$'! !+8"7(%+! 7660!
/(7! L8G! %/! %/6(70! 7! -7G8(! 8&-%($7(! 8! (%=7(!
(#&#+6(%+! 8! $(8"7=%(8+! 2/8! $(%(%L8(7(!
$%&"(8++%+! 7! =8+$8#6%! =7! *8#'! 57! B&"*768((7! 8!
B(*7&=70! #"/7*(8&680! $(%J.8(:+8! 7+! (8/&#M8+! =8!

189
$76,*#$%+! (%(7&%+0! 8! %$7+#M8+! +%/L8! 8(! 2/8! %+!
=8*#&2Z8&68+!-%(7(!$%&=8&7=%+!V!(%(68'!
#7/! "(7=%! 8++7+! #&68(=#>M8+! =7+! *8#+!
(%(7&7+0! "8/+! #&+$#(%/! 7! (/#6%+! #($8(7=%(8+! 7!
#&=/*"K&$#7! $7(7! $%(! %+! $(#+6?%+'! @! $(,$(#%!
"#%$*8$#7&%0! 2/8! %+! #"&%(7&68+! 6K(! $%(%!
$8(+8"/#=%(0! "#%$*8$#7&%0! $/*%! $(#(8#(%! 7&%! =8!
(8#&7=%! 7#&=7! +8! 8&8L%7! &7! #=7=8! =%+! ('(6#(8+0!
-%#! =/(7&68! (/#6%+! 7&%+! $(%686%(! =8$*7(7=%! =%!
$(#+6#7&#+(%0! 7! $%&6%! =8! &/(8(%+%+! $(#+6?%+!
=868(8(! =%+! $(#&$#$7#+! $7("%+! 7%! $6! =8! +/7!
$8++%7'! !+8"%/! 7! 6%*8(7(! 2/8! 8(! 5#$%(8=#70! +/7!
(8+#=K&$#70! +8! 8*8L7++8! /(7! #"(8*7! =8-(%&68! 7! +8/!
$7*'$#%'!
B&-8*#G(8&68! $(8L8&#=%! $%&6(7! %+! $(#+6?%+0! =8!
2/8(! 68(#7! L#8++8! 7*"/(! =#7! 7! +8! *7(8&67(0! %!
$6+7(! 87*6(#%! -8G! "#%$*8$#7&%! =8+6(/#(! 7! $768=(7*!
=8! 5#$%(6=#7'! C(! $(#+6?%! (7#+! $#8=%+%! 2/8!
(8$%(67=%! -8G! 8(! $8=7>%+! %! 6=#6%! =%! #($8(7=%(0!
7$8&=8&=%!7!-7(%+7!$8(+8"/#>?%!2/8!$%&=8&%/!V!
(%(68! (7#+! =8! =/G8&67+! $8++%7+! 8(! 6%=7! 7!
8Q68&+?%! =%! #($6(#%! (%(7&%0! +8(! $%&67(! 7+! 2/80!
$%&6(7! 7+! -%((7+! */(J=#$7+0! +7$(#-#$%/! 7! -\(#7! =%!
$%$/*7$+%0!+8($(8!-7&'6#$%!8!+8($(8!.'(.7(%'!
-?%! $%$#%+%! 6! %! (%*! =%+! ('(6#(8+! 2/8! +8(#7!
$%&L8&#8&68!$/#=7(!=8!&?%!.7(7*+7(!7!+#+6,(#7!=%+!
L8(=7=8#(%+! $%&-8++%(8+! =7! &%++7! +7&67! (8*#"#?%!

190
$%(! %! $8(#"%+%! 8(7(7&+7=%! =8! -'./*7+! 8! -7*+%+!
('(6#(8+'!
@! .8&8=#6#&%! =%(! /#&7(60! $%(! 8Q8($*%0!
+%(8(! 7*#'+! =8! 67&67! #&+6(/>?%! 2/7&6%!
(8+$8#6'L8*! 8! G8*%+%0! =8L#7! 68(! 8+$7*(7$+7=%! $%(!
(7#+! =#+$(#>?%! +8/+! <6%+! 1#&$8(%+'! 5?%! 6! +,!
8+$7.#$+7(! /(! (7&/+$(#6%! 8(! (8#%! V! $7$8*7=7!
=%! 7.7=8! =8! 17#&6:%8&%e6:+/(:E%#(8! %/! =8! /(!
$%&L8&6%! =8! $8*8+6#&%+! =8! =7(#+0! $%&-%((8! 7! /(!
(7&/+$(#6%!=%+!-/*=8&+8+0!8!=8$(86':*%!7/6K&6#$%'!
[! &8$8++'(#%! 2/8! +8*7! 7&6#"%0! 8+$(#6%! $%(!
$%&68($%(R&8%+!80!+%.(86/=%0!2/8!8+67($8!%!+8*%!
=7!L8(=7=8'!
<Q8($*%T! %! $7+%! =%! *%L8(! %(7&%0! 2/8! 7!
+#+6,(#7! +#6/7! &%! 7&%! H:H'! %(7&%! %.6#L8(70! 8(!
<&6#,2/#70! %! $8(=?%! =8! "#%$*8$#7&%'! 18&68&$#7! %!
+('! /#&7(60!&%!8&67&6%0!68(!+#=%!8*8!$%&=8&7=%!7%!
-%"%! $8*%! */#G! <+$*8$J7=8+'! 7/=8/+! $(8+8&68+! 7%!
8+$86'$/*%! +7L8(#7(! (%-7=%! =%! *%L8(! 1'!
%(7&%0! 7$%#(7&=%! 7%+! $(#+6?%+! %! 7.7&=%&':*%+!
+8/! "8/+! V! 6%(6/(7! =%! -%"%0! 8*8! 2/8! +7*L7(7! 7%!
-%(&%! 1#=(72/80! ##+72/8! 8! <.=8&7"%'! =(8+6%! +8!
*8L7&67(#70! &%! (7#+! +8(8&%! =%! 68($%0! /(7!
68($8+67=8!2/8!7$7"7(#7!%!-%"%'!<&6?%!%!*/#G!68(#7!
%(=8&7=%! 2/8! +8! $%(67++8! 7! *J&"/7! 7%! *%L8(!
%(7&%'! <&$%&6(7&=%:+8! 7*#! %! $(#(8#(%! (6=#$%!
=%! #($8(7=%(0! %-#$#%+7(8&68! =8+8($8&+7(#7! 7!
-/&>?%! =8! 7*"%G0! $%(67&=%:*+8! $8($8! 7! *J&"/7'! "8!
#($(%L#+%!%!*%L8(0!2/8!8(7!67(67(/=%0!$%(8>7(#7!

191
7! $7(%*7(! (/#6%! 7! $(7G8('! <++%(.(7&=%:+8! %!
#($8(7=%(!=8!2/8!+8!-7*7++8!6?%!.8(!+8(!*J&"/70!
%! (6=#$%0! $7(7! (8#68(7(! 7! 8Q$8(#K&$#70! $%(67(#7! 7!
*J&"/7! 7%! $(#(8#(%! $7++7&68! 2/8! L#++80! %! 2/7*!
(%((8(#7!#&+67&67&87(8&68'!
</+6.#%0! =8! 2/8(! %! .8&8=#6#&%! /#&7(6!
8Q6(7#/!8++8!$%&6%0!=8L#7!(8+$8#67(!/(!$%/$%!(7#+!
%+!L8(=7=8#(%+!(#*7"(8+!%$8(7=%+!&%!58*+%!8!5%L%!
-8+67(8&6%!.2/8!&#&"/6(!68('!%!=8+$*7&68!=8!$O(!
8(! =\L#=73! 8! &?%! 8&Q8(67(:*+8+! +#+6,(#7+! 6?%!
+/+$8#67+0!2/8!$%=8(!8+$7&=7*#G7(!%+!+#($*8+'!
<++7! \*6#(7! $8(+8"/#>?%! &?%! +8! 8+68&=8/! 7!
6%=%! %! #($6(#%'! N7L#7! 8&6?%! &7! B&"*768((7! /&+!
.(%6%+! =8! $(#+6#7&#+(%0! %+! 2/7#+! +8! 8$*#$+7(7(!
#&$%&6#&8&6#!$7(7!*%"%!$O(!7!$7.8$#&+7!=8!-%(7!+%.!
%+! (8#+! +7QM8+'! B&>7=7+! =8! $(#+6?%+! 8+67L7(! 7+!
8'*#7+! (8(#=#%&7#+! 8! 7! <+$7&+7'! #/#6%! %+!
$(%68"8/! 8(! 6%=7+! 8++7+! $(%LJ&$#7+! %! $6+7(!
!%&+6R&$#%!!*%(%'!-8L8!766!/(7!$%&$/.#&7!$(#+6?T!
7!(?8!=8!!%&+67&6#&%0!$%&+8$#=7!$%(!167'!N8*8&7'!
=%(2/8! %!-76%!6!2/8!&/&$7!+8!$(%L%/!2/8!-%++8(!
$7+7=%+0! 8! 8-86#L7(8&680! 7%! 8+$%+7(! 7! -#*+7! =8!
#7Q#(#7&%! N6($/*8+0! 8(! 9990! !%&+6R&$#%!
(8$7(.#%/:7'! N8*8&70! $%&6/=%0! $%&+8(L7(7! +%.(8!
8*8! "(7&=8! 7+$8&=K&$#70! #&+$#(7&=%:*+8! $(%-/&=7!
7-8#>?%!7!&%++7!+7&67!(8*#"#?%'!
=(8$7(%/! 7! =#L#&7! =(%L#=K&$#70! $%(! L#7+! 2/8!
(7#+!$7(8$8(!+/(7&7+!2/8!=#L#&7+0!%!6(#/&-%!=8!

192
+/7!#"(8*7'!!%&+6R&$#%!!*%(%!(%((8/!&%!7&%!H:10!
8(! f%(&0! B&"*768((70! 2/7&=%! %+! (8.8&6%+! 2/8!
6#L8(7! =7! -#*+7! =8! /(! $6+7(! (7*! +8! +7L#7(!
8(7&$#$7=%! =%+! $/8#(%+0! &?%! $%=8&=%! $%(67&6%!
$7&=#=767(:+8!7%!6(%&%'!)8G:+8!!%&+67&6#&%!8*8"8(!
8(!f%(&!$%(!$#&$%!%/!+8#+!(#*!+%*=7=%+0!7*8(?8+0!
"7/*8+8+! 8! #&"*8+8+! &7! (7#%(! $7(68'! 57=7!
7/"/(7L7! 2/8! +8(8*+7&68! 8*8#>?%0! (87*#G7=7! +8(!
$%&+8&6#(8&6%! =8! %(70! =%! +8&7=%! 8! =%+!
8Q6($#6%+0! $/=8++8! $(8L7*8$8('! "8/+0! &?%!
%.+67&680!=8/:*+8!7!L#6,(#7!+%.(8!#7QK&$#%0!8*8#6%!
8(! %(70!8!$%(!-#(!=8+8(.7(7>%/:%!=8!6%=%+!%+!
(#L7#+'! "8! 6/=%! #++%! =8$(88&=8:+8! 2/8! &?%! %!
6%(&7(7! #&=#"&%! =%+! -7L%(8+! =%! $6/! %! +7L8(!
7++7++#&7=%! 6%=%+! 72/8*8+! 2/8! =8*8! +8!
7$(%Q#(7(7(0!7!$(,$(#7!(/*+8(!8!%!$(,$(#%!-#*+%'!
B($%++JL8*! =/L#=7(! =%! 2/8! 7! (8+$8#6%! (8*767!
`,+#(%'! "#G! 2/80! (%(=#=%! =8! (8(%(+%+! =8$%#+! =8!
67&6%+! $(#(8+0! !%&+67&6#&%! $8("/&6%/! 7%+!
$%&6J-#$8+! =%! #($6(#%! +8! 7#&=7! +7L#7! 8Q$#7>?%!
$%++JL8*! $7(7! 8*80! 7%! 2/8! *+8! (8+$%&=8(7(! &?%!
$%&+8$8('! 58(=7=8! 6! 2/8! 67(.6(! &?%! 7! +%/L8(7!
$7(7! 58(%0! 2/8! &?%! %/+7(7! 7++#+6#(! 7%+! +7$(%+!
(#+66(#%+! &7! 8(6$#7'! <+67L7(! 8(! L%"70!
8&6(867&6%0! %+! 67/(%.,*#%+0! 8! +8(#7! =#-J$#*! $(8(! 2/8!
/(! #($8(7=%(! 2/8! 6/=%! $%=#7! &?%! 8&$%&6(7++8!
/(! $7=(8! 2/8! *+8! $%&$8=8++8! +7$(#-J$#%+!
8Q$#76,(#%+'! #8&%+! $(JL8*! 7#&=7! +8('! 2/80!
7.+%(L#=%!$8*7!"/8((70!+/7!7(.#>?%0!+8/+!$(%*86%+!
8! (%=87=%! =8! .7*/*7=%(8+0! 6#L8++8! !%&+67&6#&%!

193
68($%! $7(7! +8&6#(! (8(%(+%+'! <$(8+$8&67! `,+#(%!
2/8! /(! $7=(8! 8"J$$#%! L#&=%! =7! <+$7&+70! 2/8!
6#&+7! 7$8++%! 7! +/7! $%(670! $(%(868/:*+8! 7!
8Q$#7>?%! =8! 6%=%+! %+! +8/+! $(#(8+! =8&6(%! =7!
(8*#"#?%! $(#+6?'! "8+$%&-#7:+8! 6(767(:+8! =8! FG#%0!
.#+$%!=8!!,(=%L7'!
18*7!$%(%!-%(0!!%&+67&6#&%!$%(/&"%/!$%(!%+!
$(#+6?%+0! +8! .8(! &/&$7! 6#L8++8! +#=%! $768$\(8&%0!
8! (8+8(L%/! %! .76#+(%! $7(7! 7! +%(7! =7! (%(68'!
#7&=%/! $%&+6(/#(! 7! $#=7=8! =8! !%&+67&6#&%$*70!
2/8! +8! 6%(&%/! $8&6(%! =%! #($6(#%! 8! =7! (8*#"#?%!
$(#+6?'!<&6?%!7!#"(8*7!6%(%/!/(7!-%((7!7/"/+67'!
5%68:+8! 2/8! =8+=8! %! 7&%! H/20! 7&68+! =8!
!%&+67&6#&%!-#Q7(!(8+#=K&$#7!8(!+/7!&%L7!$#=7=80!
%+! 2/8! +7L#7(! $8(+8"/#=%! %+! $(#+6?%+! -%(7(! $%(!
8+68+! $/&#=%+! =8! +/7+! $(/8*=7=8+'! @+! $(#+6?%+!
*7&>7(7(! 7! (/*+8(! =8! #7Q#(#7&%! 7%! @(%&680!
=8"%*7(7(! 6%=%+! %+! +8/+! $7(8&68+! 8! 6(/$#=7(7(!
&%! <"#6%! 8! =7*8+6#&7! %+! (7"#+6(7=%+! 2/8! (7#+!
7.8(67(8&68! 6#&+7(! +8! =8$*7(7=%! $%&6(7! %!
$(#+6#7&#+(%'! B=8&6#-#$7=7+! 7! L#\L7! 8! 7! -#*+7! =8!
"#%$*8$#7&%0! 2/8! +8! +7L#7(! (8-/"#7=%! 8(!
-8++7*O&#$70! 76#(7(7(:&7+! 7%! (7('! 18(#7! =8!
=8+8*7(! =8++8(! %+! $(#+6?%+! (8&%+! %/L#=%+! 7%!
8+$J(#6%! =8! L#&"7&>7'! #7+! 2/#+!"8/+0!2/8!$7+6#"7!
+8"/&=%! 7! +/7! */+6#>70! 2/8! 7+! (?%+! =%+! $(#+6?%+!
+8! 6#&"#++8(! =%! +7&"/8! =8! +8/+! $8(+8"/#=%(8+!
7$8&7+!7+!6#L8++8(!=8+L8&$#*+7=7+'!

194
!%&L%$%/0!(8/&#/!!%&+67&6#&%!8(!5#$6#70!8(!
-(8&68! 7! !%&+67&6#&%$*70! %! $(#(8#(%! $%&$J*#%!
8$/(K&#$%0! $(8+#=#=%! $%(! FG#%'! E'! +8! =8$#=#/! 7!
(7"&7! 2/8+6?%! 2/8! 7"#67L7! 7! #"(8*70! (8-8(8&68! V!
=#L#&=7=8!=8!78+/+!!(#+6%'!
C&+! 8+$%+7L7(! 7! %$#&#?%! =8! @(J"8&8+0! 2/8!
=#G!&%!+8Q6%!$7$J6/*%!$%&6(7!!8*+%T!,<&=8(8>7(%+!
7+! &%++7+! $(8$8+! 7! "8/+! $%(! 78+/+0! 2/8! 8+6'!
8&6(8!7+!&76/(8G7+!$(#7=7+!8!7!&76/(8G7!#&$(#7=70!
2/8! &%+! 6(7&+(#68! 7! "(7>7! =8! +8/! $7#! 80! &7!
2/7*#=7=8! =8! $%&6J-#$8! &%++%0! =8$M8! 7! "8/+! 7+!
&%++7+! %(7>M8+4'! <+6(#.7L7(:+8! %/6(%++#(! 8(!
=#L8(+%+! $7++%+! =8! 1'! =7/*%0! 7*"/&+! =%+! 2/7#+!
6(7&+$(8L8(%+! $'"#&7+! 76('+'! 1%.(86/=%!
7((#(7L7(:+8! 7! 8+67+! $7*7L(7+! =8! !(#+6%T! ,#8/!
$7#! 6! (7#%(! 2/8! 8/4'! 5#7(! 8(! 78+/+! %!
$(#(%"K&#6%!=7!$(#7>?%0!7!(7#+!$/(7!8(7&7>?%!=%!
18(!1/$(8(%0!(7+!&?%!"8/+!$(8$#+7(8&68'!
@/6(%+0! %(6%=%Q%+0! 6(7G#7(! V! */G! 7("/(8&6%+!
(7#+! $%&-%((8+! V! =#L#&=7=8! 868(&7! =8! 78+/+0!
$%(%! 8+68T! ,#8/! $7#! 8! 8/! +%(%+! 7! (8+(7! $%#+74!
=7*7L(7+! 2/8! +8/+! 7=L8(+'(#%+! #&68($(867L7(!
$%(%!+#"&#-#$7&=%T!,#8/!$7#!8!8/!68(%+!%!(8+(%!
=8+J"&#%0! 7! (8+(7! L%&67=8'! 5?%! 68&+%! %/6(%+!
=8+8*%+! +8&?%! %+! =8! (8/! $7#4'! !7$#67&87L7(! %+!
%(6%=%Q%+! $(#(8#(%! <*8Q7&=(80! .#+$%! =8!
<*8Q7&=(#70! 8! =8$%#+! <67&'+#%'! 5%! $7(6#=%!
$%&6('(#%! 7*#&+7L7(:+8! </+6.#%0! .#+$%! =8!
5#$%(8=#70!%!$7=(8!<(#%!8!(7#+!=8G8++868!.#+$%+!8!

195
&/(8(%+%+! $7=(8+'! E%"%! =8! +7J=7! 7G8=%/:+8! 7!
=#+$/67! $%(! +7L8(! <*8Q7&=(8! 6(767=%! =8!
7&6#$(#+6%+!+8/+!7=L8(+'(#%+'!
<&-#(0! 7%! $7.%! =8! (/#67! =#+$/++?%! 7++#(! +8!
$(%&/&$#%/!%!<+$J(#6%!17&6%!&%!$%&$J*#%!$8*7!.%$7!
=8! =/G8&6%+! 8! &%L8&67! 8! &%L8! .#+$%+! $%&6(7!
=8G%#6%T!,78+/+!6!%!-#*+%!\&#$%!=8!"8/+0!"8(7=%!=%!
=7#0! #+6%! 60! =7! +/.+6R&$#7! =%! =7#0! "8/+! =8! "8/+0!
*/G! =7! */G0! L8(%! "8/+! =8! L8(%! "8/+0!
$%&+/.+67&$#7*! 7%! =7#'! !(8(%+! #"/7*(8&68! &%!
<+$J(#6%! 17&6%0! 86$'4! )%#! 8+67! 7! -,((/*7! =%!
$%&$J*#%'!5K:+8!$8*%!8Q8($*%!%!2/7&6%!$(8L7*8$#7(!
%+! .#+$%+! +%.(8! %+! +#($*8+! $7=(8+'! "%#+! (#*!
(8(.(%+! =7! +8"/&=7! %(=8(! $8(-#*+7L7(! %!
$7(8$8(! =8! <(#%0! +8"/&=%! (8*7>?%! =8! =%#+!
$76(#7($7+! =8! <*8Q7&=(#7! 2/8! 8+$(8L8(7(! 7!
$(O&#$7! =8++7! $#=7=8! 8(! '(7.8'! <&%! -%#! 8Q#*7=%!
$%(! !%&+67&6#&%'! E%"%! %! -%#! 67(.6(! <67&'+#%0! 8!
<(#%! =8! &%L%! $+7(7=%! 7! !%&+67&6#&%$*7'! =%(6(!
6?%! -8(L%(%+7(8&68! $8=#/! #7$'(#%! 7! "8/+! 2/8! %!
-#G8++8!(%((8(!7&68+!=8!8&6(7(!&7!$768=(7*!2/8!-%#!
768&=#=%'! )7*8$8/! <(#%! 7! $7(#&+%! =7! #"(8*70! &%!
7&%!HH:'!<(!HH0!-#&%/:+8!!%&+67&6#&%'!<&6(8"%/!
+8/! 68+67(8&6%! 7! /(! $7=(8! 7(#7&%! 8! (%((8/! &%+!
.(7>%+! =%! $+8-8! =%+! 7(#7&%+0! </+6.#%0! .#+$%! =8!
5#$%(8=#70! +,! +8! .76#G7&=%! V! +%(7! =7! (%(68'!
"8#Q%/!7!#"(8*7!6(#/&-7&680!8(.%(7!=#L#=#=7'!
-(8(8&=7!"/8((7!8+67*%/!8&6(8!%+!$7(6#='(#%+!
=8! <67&'+#%! 8! %+! =8! </+6.#%0! 8! %! $+7(7=%!

196
7(#7&#+(%! L#"%(%/! *%&"%! 68($%! 8(! 6%=7+! 7+!
$(%LJ&$#7+!=%!#($6(#%'!
7/*#7&%! %! -#*,+%-%0! $%"&%(#&7=%! %! <$,+67670!
68&6%/!$O(!$%.(%!7!67#+!=#L#+M8+0!$%(6(!8(!L?%'!
@! +8"/&=%! $%&$J*#%! "8(7*! (8/&#/:+8! 8(!
!%&+67&6#&%$*70! 8(! H;/'! <+$*7(8$8/:+8! 8&6?%! %!
2/8! %! $%&$J*#%! =8! 5#$6#7! &?%! */*"7(7! 7! $(%$,+#6%!
=#G8(! +%.(8! %! <+$J(#6%! 17&6%0! 8! 7$(8+$8&6%/:+8! V!
-,((/*7! &#$87&7! 2/8! ,@! <+$J(#6%! 17&6%! 6! +8&+%(!
L#L#-#$7&68! $(%$8=8&68! =%! =7#0! 8! 7=%(7=%! 8!
"*%(#-#$7=%!$%(%!%!=7#!8!%!)#*+%4'!
1,! &%! +6$/*%! Bc! 8+676/#/! "(7=76#L7(8&68! 7!
#"(8*7!*76#&7!$(%$8=8(!%!<+$J(#6%!17&6%!=%!=7#!8!=%!
)#*+%'!
<(!2H/!%!68($8#(%!$%&$J*#%!"8(7*!(87*#G7=%!8(!
[-8+%!(8+%*L8/!2/8!#7(#7!-%#!=8!-76%!(?8!=8!"8/+0!
8!2/8!78+/+!6#&+7!=/7+!&76/(8G7+!8!/(7!$8++%7'!
Y/8(8&=%!58+6,(#%0!.#+$%!=8!!%&+67&6#&%$*70!2/8!
7! 17&67! 5#("8(! -%++8! $+7(7=7! (?8! =8! !(#+6%0!
=8$*7(%/:%!*/=7+!%!$%&$J*#%'!
!%&-#((%/! 7! =/7*#=7=8! =8! &76/(8G7+! =8!
!(#+6%!%!$%&$J*#%!=8!!7*$8=O&#7'!
8-#(%:(8! 7! */(8! =8! $7*+7! 7%+! +6$/*%+!
+/.+82/8&68+! $%(! +%.8*7(8&68! $%&+8$#=%+'!
B&-8*#G(8&68! 6%=7+! 8++7+! =#+$/67+! 8(7(! $%(%! =8!
"/8((7+0!=8!-%((7!2/8!L%*67!8!(8#7!7!#"(8*7!+8!L#7!

197
%.(#"7=7! 7! $%(.768('! <$(%/L8! 7! "8/+0! 7! -#(! =8!
$(%L7(! 7! $7$#K&$#7! =%+! -#6#+0! 2/8! &%! +6$/*%! Bc!
"(8"%+! 8! *76#&%+! (%($8++8(! =8-#&#6#L7(8&68'!
<$(%/L8:*+8!7#&=7!2/8!+8!-%((7++8(!&%!@$#=8&68!
L#&68!8!&%L8!$#+(7+!+7&"(8&6%+!$7(7!%!$\*$#6%!=8!
%(7'!
<&6(867&6%!2/7+8!6%=7!7!#"(8*7!"(8"7!8!6%=7!7!
#"(8*7! =7! D-(#$7! -%(7(! 7L7++7*7=7+! $8*%+! '(7.8+0!
8(! +8"/#=7! $8*%+! 6/($%+0! %+! 2/7#+! 8(#"#(7(! 7!
#"(8*7! =8! #7-%(7! $%(! +%.(8! 7+! (/J&7+! =7! =8!
!(#+6%'! <! #"(8*7! (%(7&7! +/.+#+6#/0! $%(6(0!
(7&$+7=7!=8!+7&"/8!$%(!(7#+!=8!+8#+$8&6%+!7&%+!
=8! =#+$,(=#7! 8&6(8! %! #($6(#%! =%! @(#8&68! 8! %!
+7$8(=,$#%'!-%(&7(7(:&7!766!(7#+!$%=8(%+7!8++7+!
=#++8&+M8+'! %#+$%+! 8! 7.7=8+! &7! <*8(7&+7!
6(7&+-%((7(7(:+8! 8(! $(J&$#$8+0! 8!
$7/*76#&7(8&68! %+! $7$7+! #&L8+6#(7(:+8! =8!
=%(J&#%!7.+%*/6%!8(! %(7!8!&/(7!(8"#?%!=8!$8(!
*6"/7+'! <++#(! 8Q$8(#(8&6%/! "8/+! +/7! #"(8*7! $%(!
+/(#*+7>M8+0!6/(/*6%+!8!8+$*8&=%('!
<%! =8+$7(.7(! =%! +6$/*%! c5B! 7! #"(8*7! *76#&7!
$8(=8/! (867=8! =7! <*8(7&+70! 7! "#&7(7($70!
1/6$#70! B&"*768((70! <+$,$#70! B(*7&=70! 1/J>7! 8!
N%*7&=7'! -8((#6%(#7*(8&68! 8++7+! $8(=7+! -%(7(!
L7&67*%+7(8&68! $%($8&+7=7+! $8*7+! $%&2/#+67+!
8+$7&+%*7+! &7! <(6(#$7'! 5?%0! $%(6(0! 2/7&6%! 7%!
&\(8(%!=8!+\=#6%+'!

198
=7(7! $%($8&+7(! %! =8+(8(.(7(8&6%! =7! D+#7!
#8&%(0! 1J(#70! 8(6$#70! <"#6%0! D-(#$70! \++#7! 8! 7+!
%/6(7+! &7>M8+! =8! 2/8! -7*7(%+0! $7(8$8! 2/8! 7!
"#L#&7! =(%L#=K&$#7! *+8! (8+8(L7L7! %! 77$?%0! 1#7(0!
P&=#7! 8! !+#&7'! 1'! )(7&$#+$%! c7L#8(0! 2/8! *8L%/! %!
17&6%! <L7&"8*+%! V+! P&=#7+! @(#8&67#+! 8! 7%! 77$?%0!
2/7&=%! *'! -%(7(! 8(! ./+$7! =8! (8($7=%(#7+! %+!
$%(6/"/8+8+0! -8G! #&\(8(%+! (#*7"(8+0! 768+67=%+!
6%=%+! $8*%+! '! =='! *8+/J67+'! "#G8(! 766! 2/8!
(8++/+$#6%/! &%L8! (%(6%+'! 57! )*%(! =%+! 17&6%+!
7.768! %! '! ='! #.7=8&8#(7! 8++8! &\(8(%! $7(7!
2/76(%0! %! 2/8! 7*#'+! *'! 6! .7+67&68'! Y/#+! 7!
=(%L#=K&$#7!2/8!8(!(8&%+!=8!$8(!7&%+!(#*+7(8+!
=8! $76,*#$%+! (%(7&%+! 8&Q7(87++8(! 7+! #*+7+! =%!
77$?%'! =%(6(! %! =#7.%! +8(8%/! +8/! *%#%! 8(! (8#%!
=7! .%7! +8(8&68'! -(7(7(7(! %+! $(#+6?%+! /(7!
$%&*/(7>?%!7$%($7&+7=7!=8!/(7!"/8((7!$#L#*0!8(!
2/8! -%(7(! 6%67*(8&68! 8Q68((#&7=%+! ./1H;3'! @+!
*7$%&8+8+! -8$+7(7(! 7+! $%(67+! =%! $7J+! 7! 6%=%+! %+!
8+6(7&"8#(%+0! +7*L%! 7%+! +%*7&=8+8+0! 8(! 2/8(!
L#7(! (8($7=%(8+! 8! &?%! $(#+6?%+0! (7+! 2/8! 7#&=7!
7++#(! -%(7(! %.(#"7=%+! 7! 8+$8G#&+7(! 7! $(/G! $7(7!
%.68(! $8((#++?%! =8! L8&=8(! +/7+! (8($7&$#7+! &7!
$(#+?%!%&=8!%+!6(7&$7-#7(7(!*%"%!2/8!$/+8(7(!$6!
8(!57"7+72/#'!
8$8&68(8&68! 7! !+#&7! $(%+$(8L8/! 7! (8*#"#?%!
$76,*#$70! 7$%+6,*#$7! 8! (%(7&70! .8(! 2/8! $%(!
(8&%+! $(/8*=7=8'! <(! L8(=7=8! %+! *8+/J67+! &?%!
(8++/+$#67(7(! (%(6%+! &7! $%(68! =8! =82/#('!
!%&68&67(7(:+8! 8(! 8&+#&7(! 7+6(%&%(#70! -/&=#(!

199
$7&+M8+! 8! +8(! (7&=7(#&+'! 1/7+! #&68($8+6#L7+!
$%&68&=7+!$%(!=%(#&#$7&%+!8!%/6(%+!=8!67*!-%((7!
8+$7&=7*#G7(7(! %! "(7&=8! #($8(7=%(! B%&":6$+#&"!
2/8! 8+68! $(J&$#$80! 2/8! 8(7! 7! */+6#>7! 8! 7! .%&=7=8!
8(! $8++%70! 68L8! 7! $8"/8#(7! =8! $(%#.#(! 8(! +8/!
8+67=%! %! 8&+#&%! =7! &%++7! +7&67! (8*#"#?%0! &%! +8#%!
=7! 2/7*! &8(! %+! $(,$(#%+! (#++#%&'(#%+! L#L#7(! 8(!
$7G'!<Q$/*+%/:%+!$768(&7*(8&680!-%(&8$8&=%:*+8+!
(8#%+!=8!+/.+#+6K&$#7!8!L8J$/*%+!766!%+!$%&-#&+!=8!
+8/!#($6(#%'!
-%=7!7!D+#70!6%=7!7!D-(#$70!(867=8!=7!</(%$70!
6%=7+! 7+! $%*O&#7+! #&"*8+7+! 8! +%*7&=8+7+! =7!
<(6(#$70! 6%=7+! 7+! 6(#.%+! 7(8(#$7&7+! &?%!
=%(7=7+0! 6%=7+! 7+! 68((7+! 7/+6(7#+0! 2/8!
$%&+6#6/8(! /(! 2/#&6%! =%! "*%.%0! $8((7&8$8(!
$(8+7! =%! =8(O&#%0! $7(7! $(%L7(! 8+67! +7&67!
+8&68&>7T! ,#/#6%+! +?%! %+! $+7(7=%+0! (7+! $%/$%+!
%+!8*8#6%+4'!18!+'!&7!68((7!/(!.#*+?%!8!+8#+$8&6%+!
(#*+M8+! =8! +%(8&+0! $%(%! $(868&=8(! %+!
8&68&=#=%+0! $8($7! =8! +8++8&67! (#*+M8+!
$8(68&$8(?%! V! +7&67! #"(8*7! (%(7&7! $76,*#$7!
/&#L8(+7*T! %/! +8*70! (7#+! =7! L#"6+#(7! +8Q67! $7(68!
=7!$%$/*7>?%!=%!(/&=%!$%&+8$#=%'!

200
%*!1$%2'

5?%! $(868&=%! -7*7(! =8++7! $(J6#$7! =8!


8+$%*#7+67+0! 2/8! +8! *#(#67! 7! +/.+6#6/#(! $%(! %/6(7!
$#%(!/(7!-(7+8!=8!/(!8+$(#6%(!7&6#"%!2/8!7&68+!+8!
8&68&=#7!(/#6%!.8('!5?%!(8!(8-#(%!V+!$(J6#$7+!=8!
*8#! 2/80! &7! (8=#=7! =7+! -%(>7+! +/(7&7+0!
=8L7++7(7(! %+! (7#+! (8$O&=#6%+! 8+$7&#&+%+! =7!
+#+6,(#7!8!=7!-#*%+%-#7!7&6#"7+'!5#+%!V+!$(#6#$7+!2/8!
=8+$7(.7(!$7(7!7!+'6#(7'!
C(! 7(7=%(! =8! *86(7+! *#7! $8(67! L8G! -7++%!
$%(#"%'!<&6%*+%/:+8:*+8!8+67!8+6R&$#7T!
;*.)/)'7#.')=.1)1%+'54##5%/=+4'414+&4'
.#'+)3-%'$3%&'54##)'1)+1)+4)'1+%/=):'
)+4/)&'#4'$2) .%$4')1+4'-)94+&4$'
4'#5)4+'-.4-%')'834#'+3/%+'+./=%/=)6'
&7'$8'$1+.54&5%'/).'5)##4'$324+&4'
+47.%&.'54.'-.4#%'.#'0%#7%+'2.%/=)$'
&7'$8'$-%$$)'7.)//).'1+4/)'#)'14++)6'
83)&5%'.'9)2%+.'.&'$4&'7+)9.5)'$4++)'.9I3!
E8/! 8(! +8"/#=7! 7%! 7$7+%! L'(#7+! 8+6R&$#7+!
=8++7!-%(>7!8!+7((%&#7'!
A! @(7X! A! 8Q$*7(%/! A! 8&6?%! 6! #++%! %! 2/8! %!
+8/!%%#*87/!$+7(7!-7(-7*+#$8U!<&6?%!6!7++#(!2/8!
$(868&=8! (8.7#Q7(! /(! "(7&=8! +%(8(! 2/8! L#L8/!
$8(! 7&%+! 7&68+! =8*8! $7(7! (8*+%(! 8&6(%&7(! %/6(%!

201
"(7&=8!+%(8(!2/8!L#L8/!=8G8++8#+!+6$/*%+!7&68+0!
8!2/8!68(#7!8*8!$(,$(#%!(8&=#=%!*/+6#>7!7!-7++%U!
!%&+%*8:+8'!58*7(%+!7+!,$8(7+!=8!Y/#&7/*6'!
E%"%! V! 7.8(6/(7! =%! *#L(%! =8$7(%/:+8:&%+! $%(!
2/8!&%+!7.8+$#&+7((%+!$%(!7!$(J6#$7'!"7&=%!$%(!
%+! %*+%+! &7! 6(7=/>?%! =%! 7=(#('L8*! $%8(7!
<((#=70!*8(%+T!
$+)*(+%!
E7!+7#&8!8+6!7--(8/+8!86!.7(.7(80!
*^7(%/(!$%&6(7#&6!*8+!$%/(+!=%&6!#*!
+^8($7(8!
V!+%/--(#(!=8+!(7/Q!(#"%/(8/Q'!
1#!L%6(8!+%(6!8+6!8&!L%6(8!$/#++7&$80!
-7*68+!$+%#Q!=8!*^#&=#--6(8&$8T!
8**8!7++/(8!/&!(8$%+!+8/(8/Q'!
!
:/<+)%!
5%&0!&%&0!#*!&8!(^8+6!$7+!$%++#.*8!
=8!$7++8(!=8!(%&!6(%/.*8!8&!/&!6676!
$7#+#.*83!
(%&!$%8/(!&8!+8!$8/6!$*/+!$7*(8(3!
8&7/=!(^%--8&+8!6(%$0!#*!&^8+6!2/8!6(%$!
7#(7.*83!
$^8+6!$%/(!(%#!=6+%((7#+!/&!$+%#Q!
#&=#+$8&+7.*8!
=8!*8!+7a(!%/!=8!*^7#(8('!

202
E8(%+!=8!-#%!7!$7L#%!7!$8>7!<((#=70!&7!2/7*!%!
"K&#%! =8! -7++%! (8$8.8! &%L%+! 8&$7&6%+! =7+! (?%+!
=8!Y/#&7/*6'!
A! 58*7! +,0! A! %.+8(L%! 7! (8/! 7(#"%! A! &%!
8&67&6%! 6! 8+68! Y/#&7/*6! 2/8! %%#*87/! +8($(8! +8!
8+-%(>%/! $%(! -7G8(! L8(! $%(%! %! (7#+! (8*8+!
8+$(8L#&+7=%('!!+8"%/!7!(868(!&7!$7.8>7!=8!E/J+!
cB5! 2/8! 8++8! 8+$(#6%(! "(7$#%+%0! $%(%L8&680!
$7666#$%0!8*8"7&680!%/6(%!(6(#6%!&?%!6#&+7!7*6(!=%!
2/8!6%(7L7!=8!8($(6+6#(%!7%!(\+#$%!E/**#'!
A! !%($(88&=8:+8'! %%#*87/! &?%! #&L8*7L7! %!
(\+#$%0! $%(6(! #&L8*7L7! %! $%867'! Y/8! $8&+7(! =8!
/(! +%(8(! 2/80! $7(7! (#(7(! /(! L8(+%! 8(! 7/60!
=8&#"(8!%(7!%%/(+7/*60!%(7!N6&7/*60!%(7!Y/#&7/*60!
$%&-%((8!8+68*7!.8(!%/!(7*!$%(!8++8+!+8&+%(8+U!
,#7+0! $7(7! 2/8! &?%! +8! 7((8-8$8! 7! +/7!
(8$/"&R&$#7! =7! #&*/+6#>70! $%&+7! 7! $7.8>7! V!
*7&8*70! L8*7! 72/8*7! .8*7! -7$+7=7! =%! E%/L(80! $%(!
2/8! +8! #(%(67*#G%/! =8((7/*6'! <+68! +%(8(! =8!
#&L/*"7(! +7.#*#=7=8! 8(7! #((?%! =8! /(! 7$7=K(#$%!
+7$#8&6J++#(%0! $%(! 2/8(! %%#*87/! 6#L8(7! /(7!
=#+$/67!8#+!%!2/7&6%!.7+6%/!$7(7!*8L7(!7!67$+7!=8!
7(2/#686%!#"&%(7&68'4!
"8$%#+!=8!.(8L8!+#+(70!$(%++8"/8!(8/!7(#"%!
$%(!/(!1/+$#(%T!
A! <++#(! 6! 7! &76/(8G7! +/(7&7! A! <(! +/7+!
#6(%#(8+0! 7$+7! %! =/2/8! =8! 1/**;! =8! #&2/#&7(! =8!

203
(7/+!(#&#+6(%+!%!$7(=87*!=8!@++76!8!%!+8$(86'(#%!
=8! 8+67=%! 5#**8(%#! -/=%! -8G! E%/L%#+! $7(7!
=8+*/+6(7(!%!"(7&=8!!%*.8(6'!
A! 5?%! +8! 7"767&+7L7(! $8++%7*(8&68! A!
(8$7(%'! A! -(767:+8! =8! /(7! 8+6/$#=8G! (8+6(#67!
2/7+8!8Q$*/+#L7(8&68!V!*#68(76/(70!V!$7L#*7>?%!8!V!
68%*%"#7'!
,-#L8(%+!/(!+%(8(!=8!(6(#6%T!E7(%6680!2/8!
$%($O+!8+6R&$#7+!.8*J++#(7+T!
Y/8*2/8!-%#+!7/!-8/!2/#!*7!$+7((8!
(6+#+68!/&8!*8/&8!.87/660!
86!$%&6(8!8**8:(K(8!8**8!+^7((8!
=^/&8!$6&#.*8!-8((866'!
N6*7+X!$8668!$%&6(7#&68!8Q6(K(8!
*7!$(#L8!=/!L#$8!2/^8**8!7#(80!
$%/(!-/#(!*7!+%&68!2/^8**8!+7#6'!
E7!+6L6(#66!&^8+6!2/8!-7+680!
86!*^+%&&8/(!=8!$7++8(!$%/(!$+7+68!
*7!(6+%/6!V!*^K6(8!8&!8--86'!
!
<&!L7#&!$8!+6Ld(8!+6%a2/80!
+%/+!(#**8!=6-7/6+!7.766/0!
+8!L7&68!=^/&8!R(8!+6(%a2/8!
6%/68!L%/68!V!*7!L8(6/T!
$8!&^8+6!$%#&6!*7!L8(6/!2/^#*!7#(83!
(7#+!+%&!$%8/(0!#L(8!=8!*/#:(K(80!
L%/=(7#6!/+/($8(!*8+!7/68*+0!
86!$7(!+7!+7"8++8!-(#L%*8!

204
#*!&8!L8/6!2/8!$7(8(!*^#=%*8!
2/^#*!%--(8!7&!$/*68!=8+!(%(68*+'!
!
E8+!$+7($+!=8!=+7(+7*8!86!=^<(.8**8!
%&6!L/!6(#%($+8(!=8/Q!L7#&2/8/(+0!
*^/&!86!*^7/6(8!=#"&8!(%=d*8!
2/8!+8!$(%$%+8&6!*8+!"(7&=+!$%8/(+'!
#7#+!*8!+/$$d+!7!-7#6!*8/(!"*%#(83!
860!+#!68!+$87/!=8!*7!L#$6%#(8!
&^8g6!$%&+7$(6!$8+!=8(#:=#8/Q0!
<*8Q7&=(80!7/Q!;8/Q!=/!L/*"7#(80!
&^7/(7+#6!666!2/^/&!66(6(7#(80!
86!!6+7(!2/^/&!+8=#6#8/Q'!
,<+68!7/6%(4!A!$%&6#&/%!A!,-%#!/(!+'.#%!2/8!
$%(! (7#+! =8! /(7! L8G! 8($(8+6%/! %! 8&$7&6%! =%+!
L8(+%+! V! -#*%+%-#7'! <+$(8L8++8! +8($(8! 8+6R&$#7+!
=8++8! 2/#*768! 8! 68(#7! +#=%! %! (7#%(! =%+! $%867+!
*J(#$%+'! 18(! 8(.7("%0! -%#! */+67(8&68! 2/7&=%!
$(%=/G#7! =8++8+! $(#(%(8+! 2/8! =8*8! =#++8! /(!
$%&68($%(R&8%T!
./'-4+1%'2)1%6'-)0)'54'7)#.&*4.+%:!
,<(!%/6(%!*/"7(T!
34'$43$'94+$%$')'4&0)5%&*)'-'=4#4 ):!
,<(!%/6(%T!

205
:::9:'94<%'3/'$4&+%6'0)#1)')'4$$)$'%54$'
54$-)9)#7)+'%'94+$%')'!3.&)3#1'2)+)')1.&7.+')'
24+04.0+%:!
,<0! &8++8! $#+$7(! =8! #($8(-8#>M8+0! 8(! 6/=%!
8&$%&6(7!+8$/(7!8!2/8.(7!=8!+7((%&#7'!
,Y/8(! L8(! 7+! %=8+! 2/8! 7&%+! =8$%#+! 8+$(8L8/!
8++8! (8+(%! $8&+%(! 2/8! */*"7L7! E7(%668! =8!
$'68=(7!8!%!=#-7(7L7!$%(%!#&#(#"%U!E8#7T!
!8668!#&-*/8&$8!+%/L8(7#&8!
&^8+6!$%/(!*/#!2/^/&8!#*/+6(8!$+7e&8!
2/#!*^7667$+8!7/!.%&+8/(!=^7/6(/#3!
6%/+!*8+!.(#**7&6+!2/#!*^8(.8**#+8&60!
6%&+!*8+!67*8&6+!2/#!*^8&&%.*#++8&60!
+%&6!8&!*/#0!(7#+!&%&!$7+!V!*/#'!
!
B*!&^8+6!(#8&!2/8!68!68($+!&^7.+%(.80!&8!
=6L%(80!
86!*8+!-7#6+!2/^%&!#"&%(8!
+%&6!.#8&!$8/!=#--6(8&6+!=8+!-7#6+!&%&!
7L8&/+'!
!
E7!.%&66!2/#!.(#**8!8&!8**8!
=8!+8+!$+7((8+!*8+!$*/+!=%/Q!
8+6!/&8!#(7"8!=8!$8**8!
2/^8**8!L%#6!.(#**8(!8&!L%/+'!
<60!$7(!L%/+!+8/*8!8&(#$+#80!
+7!$%*#68++80!7--(7&$+#8!
=8+!(%#&=(8+!%.+$/(#66+!

206
8+6!*7!*/8/(!(6-*6$+#8!
=8!L%+!+/.*#(8+!$*7(66+'!
!
B*+!%&6!L/!$7(!*7!.%&&8!-%#!
=8!*8/(+!$8/$*8+!6(%/.*6+!=^8--(%#!
*7!$(7#&68!+8/(8/+8(8&6!=6>/80!
86!=6(7$#&68!V!*7(7#+!
*7!+7#&8!+#!+%/L8&6!(8>/8!
8&!+/(L#L7&$8!=8!*7!$7#Q'!
!
"6L%#*8!V!(7!L/8!8($(8++68!
$8+!=6#66+!=^7=%$6#%&0!
+;&%&;(8+!=8!*7!$8&+680!
+;(.%*8+!=8!*^7.+6(7$6#%&'!
!
5^8+6!$8!$7+!/&8!-%(6/&80!
2/7&=!=^/&8!$+7("8!$%((/&8!
=8/Q!(%#6#8+!$%(68&6!*8!-7#Q0!
2/8!*7!(%#&=(8!*8!(6$*7(80!
86!2/8!=/!.%&+8/(!=8!*^R(8!
*8!$%($+!+8/*!-7++8!*8+!-(7#+U!
A! 5?%! 8(7! $(8$#+%! A! $%&L6(! (8/! */=#$#%+%!
7(7&68! =7+! *86(7+! A! =7(! $%#+7+! 6?%! =868+6'L8#+!
$7(7! (%=8*%! V2/8*8+! 7! 2/8(! 6?%! 7G8=7(8&68!
$(#6#$7L7'! <&68+! =8#Q7++8! 8(! $7G! +8/! 7=L8(+'(#%!
$%(! +8/! (6(#6%! 8! -#$7++8! 8*8! $%(! %! 2/8! 6#L8++8'!
#7+0! 2/8! 2/8(! L%$KU! @! "8&/+! #((#67.#*8! L76/(! 6!
=%8&>7! =7! (8+(7! .#*#+! 2/8! %! 76%((8&67L7!
%/6(%(7'! @! $\.*#$%! $8(=%7! 8++7+! 67$7&+8G7+! V+!
$8++%7+! =8! 67*8&6%! $%(2/8! &?%! 2/8(! +8&?%! +8!

207
=#L8(6#('! <*8! LK0! &/(7! 7*8"%(#7! #&6#6/*7=7! =*/6?%0!
*/#G8+! $%&=8&7=%+! 7! +8(! 8+-%*7=%+! 8! 7! +8&67(:+8!
&%+! #&-8(&%+! 8(! /(! .7&$%! $%.8(6%! $%(! 7+!
$(,$(#7+! $8*8+! 8(! L8G! =8! -*%(8+! =8! *#+'! =%/$%!
#($%(67!7%!*8#6%(!2/8!%+!*/#G8+!%!(8(8>7(!%/!&?%0!
2/8! 68&+7! %/! &?%! (7G?%! %! 7/6%(! 2/8! %+! $#67!
$8(7&68! =*/6?%'! EK! 8++8+! L8(+%+! /&#$7(8&68! $%(!
$(7G8('! 18! *+8! 7"(7=7(0! &?%! 2/8(! (7#+'! 18! *+8!
=8+7"(7=7(0! $M8! =8! *7=%! 7! 7*8"%(#7! 8! &?%! =7(#7!
/(! $7++%! $7(7! -7G8(! $%&-#((7(! %/! $7++7(! 7!
+8&68&>7'!
,<+! #&#(#6'L8#+! 6(7"6=#7+! =8! 7$#&8! -%(7(!
6%=7+! $(#6#$7=7+0! 8! $8++#(7(8&68T! $%(2/8! 7+!
$(#6#$7(7(! (#L7#+'! !8(6%0! %+! 7(6#+67+! +?%! */#G8+! =8!
7(68!$%($868&68+0!$%(6(!2/7+8!+8($(8!*+8+!-7*67!
#&68"(#=7=8'!
,<Q$8*8&68! $(J6#$%! +8(#7! %! 7(6#+67! +8&+%(! =8!
.%(!$7.8=7*!=8!$#K&$#7!8!=8!.%(!"%+6%0!#+8&6%!=8!
$(8*/JG%+!8!#&L8*7'!@!2/8!6!=#-J$#*!8&$%&6(7('4!

208
#&-1$"('

"8! 6%=%+! %+! *#L(%+! 2/8! 766! &,+! $+8"7(7(0! %!


(7#+! 7&6#"%! 6! N%(8(%'! [! 8(! N%(8(%! 2/8! +8! &%+!
=8$7(7(!%+!$%+6/(8+!=7!7&6#"Z#=7=8!$(%-7&70!%+!
+8(,#+!8!=8/+8+!6%+$7(8&68!67*+7=%+!V!#(7"8(!=%!
+%(8('! <(! N%(8(%! 67(.6(! 8&$%&6(7(%+! %+!
8(.(#M8+! =7! -#*%+%-#7! 8! +%.(86/=%! 7! #=6#7! =%!
=8+6#&%0! 2/8! 6! +8&+%(! =%+! =8/+8+! $%(%! +?%! %+!
=8/+8+!+8&+%(8+!=%+!+%(8&+'!
"8.7*=8! 2/8(! 7\$#68(! +7*L7(! N8#6%('! !%&+/*67!
%+! =8+6#&%+0! $8+7&=%! &/(7! .7*7&>7! %+! =8+6#&%+!
=8!N8#6%(!8!<2/#*8+T!=#G!7!+%(68!2/8!%!6(%#7&%!+8('!
#((8L%"7L8*(8&68! (%(6%! $8*%! "(8"%0! 8! &7=7! $%=8!
%$%(:*+8! %! +%.8(7&%! =%+! =8/+8+'! <$%*%0! %! "K&#%!
"/7(=#?%!=8!N8#6%(0!6!8&6?%!%.(#"7=%!7!7.7&=%&':
*%.913'! 5?%! 2/8! N%(8(%! &?%! +8*7! $(,=#"%! =8! #=6#7+!
%$%+67+0! $%&+%7&68! %! $(#L#*6"#%! =7! 7&6#"Z#=7=8'!
#7+! 8&-#(! 6! %! $(#(8#(%! 8(! 2/8! 7$7(8$8! 7! &%>?%!
=%! =8+6#&%'! "8L#7! 8+67(0! $%#+0! (/#6%! 8(! L%"7! 8(!
+8/!68($%'!
@+! -7(#+8/+0! &7! $82/8&7! &7>?%! */=7#$70! +,!
$%&$8.8(7(! %! =8+6#&%! (/#6%+! +6$/*%+! =8$%#+0!
$%(2/7&6%0! 8(.%(7! 68&+7(! +#=%! %+! $(#(8#(%+!
*/=8/+! *86(7=%+0! 8(7(! (/#6%! &%L%+! 8(! (8*7>?%!
7%+! "(8"%+'! #8+$*7(7(! 8(! <*8Q7&=(#7! $7(68! =%+!
=%"(7+! =%+! 8+6,#$%+! V+! 7&6#"7+! #=6#7+! */=7#$7+'!

209
!+8"7!7!$(868&=8(!1'!78(O&#(%!&?%!+8(!+/7!+8#67!
(/#6%!7&68(#%(!V!&%++7!8(7'!
@+! -#*,+%-%+! +8($(8! $(8+$#&=#(7(! =8! N%(8(%!
8! =%+! -7(#+8/+! $7(7! +8! $8(+/7=#(8(! =8! 2/8! 6/=%!
8+6'! +/*8#6%! 7! *8#+! #(/6'L8#+0! 6/=%! 8+6'!
=868((#&7=%0!6/=%!6!8-8#6%!&8$8++'(#%'!
@/! %! (/&=%! +/.+#+68! $8*7! $(,$(#7! &76/(8G70!
$8*7+! *8#+! -J+#$7+0! %/! -%((%/:%! /(! 18(! 1/$(8(%!
$%&-%((8! +/$(8(7+! *8#+'! 5/(! $7+%! $%(%! &%/6(%!
7+! *8#+! +?%! #(/6'L8#+! 8! 6/=%! 6! &8$8++'(#%'! @+!
$%($%+!"(7L8+!68&=8(!$7(7!%!$8&6(%!=7!68((70!&?%!
$%=8&=%!68&=8(!7!(8$%/+7(!&%!7('!=8(8#(7+!&/&$7!
$%=8(#7(! =7(! 7&7&7+8+'! @! #&+6#&6%! =8! /(!
8+$7&+%*!&?%!$%=8!+8(!%!#&+6#&6%!=8!/(!7/+6(J7$%!
-/=%!+8!7$+7!%(=8&7=%0!8&"(7&G7=%!8!*#(#67=%'!
5?%! $%=8! %! +%(8(! 68(! (7#+! 2/8! $8(6%!
&\(8(%! =8! =8&68+0! $7.8*%+! 8! #=6#7+'! -8($%! L8(!
8(! 2/8! #&8L#67L8*(8&68! $8(=8! %+! =8&68+0! %+!
$7.8*%+!8!7+!#=6#7+!!
!%&6(7=#6,(#%! +8(#7! 2/8! %&68(! &?%! -%++8!
%&68(! 8! +%*8! &?%! -%++8! +%*8'! -?%! $%&6(7=#6,(#%!
$%(%!+8!%!2/8!+'!=8!+8(!$/=8++8!=8#Q7(!=8!+K:*%'!
18! $/=8++8+! 6%($8(! %! =8+6#&%! =8! /(7! (%+$70!
&7=7!68!#($8=#(#7!=8!6(7>7(!%!=8+6#&%!=8!6%=7+!7+!
%/6(7+! (%+$7+0! =8! 6%=%+! %+! %/6(%+! 7&#(7#+0! =8!
6%=%+! %+! +%(8&+0! =8! 6%=7! 7! &76/(8G7'! <&-#(0!
+8(#7+!(7#+!$%=8(%+%!2/8!"8/+'!

210
"#G8(!%+!$(86#&%+T!@!(6=#$%!7((7&$%/!(#&+7!
6#7!7%+!.(7>%+!=7!(%(680!-K:*7!L#L8(!=8G!7&%+!(7#+!
=%! 2/8! =8L8(#7! L#L8('! @/6(7! (%=7*#=7=8! =8!
#(.8$#+! A! %+! $7$7G8+0! A! +8&68&$#7(T! @! +%(8(!
$(/=8&68!-%(*7!%!$(,$(#%!=8+6#&%'!
!3##3/'&3/4&')=4$16'$.'$.1'2+354&1.)6'$45'14'
&%$'0)-./3$6'0%+13&)6'54)/6'-%4#%834'#%-)/3$:!
<++8L8(7(! $(%-/&=%+! $%*J6#$%+! 2/8! +8! %#6%!
=#7+!7&68+!2/8!+8!=8$7$#67++8!!7(*%+!B!+8!6#L8++8(!
7++7++#&7=%! !(%()8**0! E/=*%)0! B(86%&! 8! /(7!
=\G#7! =8! %/6(%+! $7(*7(8&67(8+0! 8++8! (8#! 7#&=7!
$%=#7! 68(! L#L#=%! 8! (%((8(! &%! *8#6%'! -K(! (7G?%'! <!
$%=8(#7(! 7$(8+$8&67(! 2/8! +8! %! (7(! +%/L8++8!
6(7"7=%! 6%=7! 7! B&"*768((7! 8++8! (%&7($7!&?%!68(#7!
(%((#=%! 8(! /(! $76J./*%! */&6%! 7! W+#68+7**0! %/!
+7*70! .(7&$7'! =%(6(! 7+! $%#+7+! 8+67L7(! =#+$%+67+!
=8! (7&8#(7! 2/8! !7(*%+! 68(#7! #((8L%"7L8*(8&68! %!
$8+$%>%!$%(67=%'!
5?%! (8+67! =\L#=7! 2/8! %! $7(=87*! =8! @++76! 8(7!
(7#+!$(/=8&68!2/8!/(!*%/$%!=7+!=86#68+:#7#+%&+'!
#7+! &?%! 6! 8L#=8&68! 2/8! %+! ,("?%+! =%! +'.#%! =8!
@++76! &?%! 8(7(! %+! (8+(%+! 2/8! %+! =8! /(!
=8+(#%*7=%0! =7! (8+(7! -%((7! $%(%! %+! =8! /(7!
(7$%+7! =#-8(8(! =%+! =8! /(! "(%/! %/! /(7!
$7*+7&=(7'!
@!(6=#$%!+7*L%/!6/7!6#7'!#7+!&?%!$%&6(7=#++8!
7! &76/(8G7T! %.8=8$8/:*+8'! !*7(%! 2/8! 6/7! 6#7! &?%!
$%=#7! =8#Q7(! =8! &7+$8(! +8&?%! &7! $#=7=8! 8(! 2/8!

211
&7+$8/0!8(!%$7+#?%!$8(67!68(!$8(67!(%*6+6#70!2/8!%!
(6=#$%! &?%! $%=#7! 8+67(! 7*+/(8+! +8&?%! &7! $#=7=8!
8(! 2/8! 8+67L70! 2/8! 6/7! 6#7! -%(>%+7(8&68! %!
$+7(7(#7!7!8*80!%!2/7*!&8$8++7(#7(8&68!*+8!$(8+:
$(8L8(#7!%+!(8(6=#%+!2/8!7!$/(7(7('!
!(K!/(!$7($%&K+!+7L8(!"87=%!8(!+8/!$7($%!
$%(! 7$7+%'! #7+! /(! -#*,+%-%! +7.8! 2/8! &?%! 8Q#+68!
7$7+%!8!2/8!8(7!#($%++JL8*0!&7!$%&+6#6/#>?%!=8+68!
(/&=%0!2/8!$(8$#+7(8&68!&72/8*8!=#7!&?%!"87++8!
$(8$#+7(8&68!&72/8*8!*/"7('!
N'! $8++%7+! 2/80! 768((%(#G7=7+! 7&68! 8++7!
L8(=7=80! +,! $%&$%(=7(! $8*7! (867=80! $%(%!
=8L8=%(8+! 2/8! %-8(8$8(! (867=8! 7%+! $(8=%(8+! 8!
$8=8(!(%(7!$7(7!7!%/6(7!(867=8'!<Q#+68(0!=#G8(!
8*7+0! 7$%&68$#(8&6%+! &8$8++'(#%+! 8! 7$%&68$#(8&:
6%+! &?%! &8$8++'(#%+'! <&"(7>7=%! /(! (/&=%!
(867=8! 8(! %(=8(! (867=8! 8(! =8+%(=8('! Y/8!
$7(68!=%!2/8!7$%&68$8!$(8$#+7L7!7$%&68$8(0!%/6(7!
&?%'! %7+67! $+8"7(:+8:*+8! /(! $%/$%! (7#+! %! &7(#G!
$7(7! L8(! +8(! 7.+/(=7! +8(8*+7&68! 68%(#7'! #7+! +'!
(/#6%+! #&=#LJ=/%+! 2/8! &7+$8(7(! $7(7! (7$#%$#&7(!
(7*0! %/6(%+! $7(7! &?%! (7$#%$#&7(! '8! %/6(%+! $7(7!
$8(+8"/#(!%+!2/8!(7$#%$#&7('!
=8("/&67(8#+T!
A!<!7!*#.8(=7=8U!
5?%! L%+! 8&68&=%'! 5?%! +8#! %! 2/8! +8*7! 8++7!
*#.8(=7=8! =8! 2/8! -7*7#+'! N'! 67&6%! 68($%! =#+$/6#+!

212
7$8($7! =8! +/7! &76/(8G7! 2/8! +8"/(7(8&68! &?%! 7!
$%&+8$8#+'! 18! 2/#+8(=8+0! %/! (8*+%(0! +8! $/=8(=8+!
8Q7(#&7(! $7*(7(8&68! $%(#"%! %! 2/8! +8! =8L8!
8&68&=8(!$%(!8++7!$7*7L(70!+7*67#!V!*86(7!E'!

213
#&8-'

B($8(7&68! <($'=#%0! E%"O(7$%+0! 68%*%"7*! =8!


!%&+67&6#&%$*70!8($(88&=8/!/(7!L#7"8(!V!!J6#70!
8!=868L8:+8!7%!$6!=%!!'/$7+%0!&%+!-6(68#+!$*7#&%+!
=8! `8-#(#(0! &%+! 66((#&%+! =7! !,*$+#=7'! <+67L7! %!
.%(! L8*+%! "%&=#&=72/8! 8(! +/7! 7($*7! +7*7!
.7#Q70! 8&6(8!+8/!"(7&=8!7$(#+$%!8!7!L7+67!"(7&*7'!
<+67L7! 7*%8*+7=%! 8(! $%($7&+#7! =7! (/*+8(0! =%+!
$#&$%! -#*+%+! 8! $#&$%! -#*+7+0! +8/+! $7#+! 8! +8/+!
$(#7=%+0! 8! $7&67L7(! %+! *%/L%(8+! 7! "8/+! 7$,+!
*#"8#(%!(8$7+6%'!
A! Y/8! -7G8+0! #=,*76(7U! A! $8("/&6%/:*+8!
E%"O(7$%+'!
A! 5?%! +%/! #=,*76(7! A! (86%(2/#/!
"%&=#&=72/8'!
A! !*7(%! 2/8! %! 6+0! $%#+! 6+! $#67! 8! &?%! "(8"%'!
Y/8!$7&67L7+!8(!6/7!.'(.7(7!"8(#&"%&>7!=7!!J6#7!
B!
A! -%=7+! 7+! *J&"/7+! +%7(! =7! (8+(7! -%((7!
7%+!%/L#=%+!=8!"8/+'!!7&6'L7(%:*+8!%+!*%/L%(8+'!
A!<#+!/(7!$%#+7!8Q6(7%(=#&'(#7X!C(7!-7(J*#7!
$#67! 2/8! %(7! 7! "8/+! +8(! 68(! +#=%! #&+6(/J=7! $%(!
&,+X!
18"/#/:+8! /(! =#'*%"%! 8&6(8! %! "(8"%!
E%"O(7$%+! 8! %! $#67! "%&=#&=72/80! $%#+! %! 68%*%"7*!
214
+7.#7! /(! $%/$%! =8! $#67! 8! %! %/6(%! /(! $%/$%! =8!
"(8"%'!<&$%&6(%/:+8!8++8!=#'*%"%!&/(!(7&/+$(#6%!
$%&+8(L7=%!&7!.#.*#%68$7!=8!!%&+67&6#&%$*7!
=*&><20*9!
58*7(%+!+8!+7.8+!68/!$768$#+(%'!=%(!2/8!%(7+!
7!"8/+U!
?*()+()2 '%!
7/+6%! 6! 2/8! 7=%(8(%+! %! 18(! 1/$(8(%! 2/8!
6/=%!&%+!=8/'!
=*&><20*9!
@+X!=7(7!/(!.'(.7(%!&?%!8+6'!(7*'!<!2/8!*+8!
$8=8+U!
?*()+()2 '%!
<"(7=8>%:*+8!%+!.8&+!=8!2/8!"%G%!8!%+!(7*8+!
$%(! 2/8! *+8! 7$(7G! $(%L7(:(8'! <.+68&+%:(8!
$%(6(!=8!$8=#(:*+8!+8*7!%!2/8!-%('!#8*+%(!2/8!&,+!
+7.8! 8*8! %! 2/8! &%+! -7*67'! "8(7#+! $%=8(#7! =7(:+8!
2/8! 2/7&=%! 8/! $8=#++8! .%(! 68($%! (8/! L#G#&+%!
$8=#++8!$+/L7'!
=*&><20*9!
<+X! E%"%! L#! 2/8! #7! =#G8(! 7*"/(7! 7+&8#(7'!
=7++8(%+!7!$*7&%!(7#+!8*8L7=%'!%'(.7(%0!2/8(!68!
=#++8!2/8!"8/+!8Q#+68U!

215
?*()+()2 '%!
-%=7!7!&76/(8G7'!
=*&><20*9!
5?%!.7+67'!Y/8!#=6#7!68&+!=%!18(!1/$(8(%U!
?*()+()2 '%!
Y/8! 6! %! (8/! $(#7=%(0! (8/!+%.8(7&%0!2/8!(8!
(8$%($8&+7('! 2/7&=%! $(76#$7(! %! .8(! 8! (8!
$7+6#"7('!2/7&=%!$%(868(!%!(7*'!
=*&><20*9!
Y/8! -(#%*8#(7+X! 57(%+! 7%! 8++8&$#7*! A! "8/+! 6!
#&-#&#6%!+8$/&=/(!2/#=!%/!+8"/&=%!7!8++K&$#7U!
?*()+()2 '%!
5?%!L%+!8&68&=%'!
=*&><20*9!
1/*8#6%! 67$7=%X! "8/+! 8+6'! 7*"/(8+! %/! 7%!
(8+(%!68($%!8(!6/=%!8!-%(7!=8!6/=%U!
?*()+()2 '%!
5?%!+8#'''!!%(%!2/#+8(=8+'!
=*&><20*9!

216
B"&%(7&68X! =%=8! "8/+! =8(%L8(! %! 7$%&68$#=%U!
=%=8! -7G8(! 2/8! /(! .7+6?%! &?%! 68&+7! =/7+!
$%&68+U! !%(%! L8('! %! -/6/(%T! $%(%! -/6/(%! %/!
$%(%!$(8+8&68U!!%(%!-7G!$7(7!6#(7(!%!+8(!=%!&7=7!
8!$7(7!7&#2/#*7(!%!+8(U!
?*()+()2 '%!
-7#+!$%#+7+!&/&$7!(8!$7++7(7(!$8*7!$7.8>7'!
=*&><20*9!
Y/8! +/*8#6%! .(%&$%X! %8(0! L8*%! 2/8! $(8$#+%!
.7#Q7(!7!6(7L8'!"#G8:(80!(8/!7(#"%0!7$+7+!2/8!7!
(766(#7!$%++7!+8(!868(&7U!
?*()+()2 '%!
Y/8!(8!#($%(67!2/8!+8*7!868(&7!%/!&?%U!</0!
$%++%!7-#((7(!2/8!&?%!%!+%/'!"8!2/7*2/8(!-%((70!
"8/+!6!%!(8/!+8&+%('!"8/:(8!7!&%>?%!=8!*/+6#>70!
=8L%! +8"/#:*7'! 5?%! 2/8(%! +8(! -#*,+%-%0! 2/8(%! +8(!
+%(8('!
=*&><20*9!
1?%!%!=#7.%0!8++7+!$7.8>7+!=/(7+X!57(%+!7%+!
$%/$%+T!Y/8!6!"8/+U!
?*()+()2 '%!
#8/!+%.8(7&%0!(8/!*/#G0!(8/!$7#'!
=*&><20*9!

217
5?%! 6! #++%! %! 2/8! $8("/&6%'! Y/7*! 6! +/7!
&76/(8G7U!
?*()+()2 '%!
18(!$%=8(%+%!8!.%('!
=*&><20*9!
#7+!6!$%($%(7*!%/!8+$#(#6/7*U!
?*()+()2 '%!
!%(%!2/8(8#+!2/8!%!+7#.7U!
=*&><20*9!
<((8X!5?%!+7.8+!%!2/8!6!/(!8+$J(#6%U!
?*()+()2 '%!
58(! #(7"#&%T! =8! 2/8! (8! +8(L#(#7! #++%U!
-%(&7(:(8:#7! 7$7+%! (7#+! */+6%U! 18(#7! (8*+%(!
(7(#=%0!(8*+%(!$7#0!(8*+%(!7(%0!(8*+%(!$#=7=?%U!
=*&><20*9!
[! 7.+%*/67(8&68! &8$8++'(#%!8&+#&7(:68!%!2/8!
+8*7! 8+$J(#6%'! <+$/67T! 60! 60! 6'''! %8(0! -#$7! $7(7!
%/6(7!%$7+#?%'!
?*()+()2 '%!
#/#6%! (8$8#%! 2/8! (8! -O++8#+! =#G8(! %! 2/8! 8*8!
&?%! 6'! =8((#6#:(8! -7G8(:L%+! 7! (8/! 6/(&%! /(7!

218
$8("/&67'!5#!+'!(/#6%!/(!=8!L%++%+!68($*%+T!$%(!
2/8!(%6#L%!$#&67#+!"8/+!$%(!/(7!*%&"7!.7(.7U!
=*&><20*9!
[! 2/8+6?%! (/#6%! $%($*8Q70! 2/8! (82/8(!
#&+6(/>M8+!$(8*#(#&7(8+'!
?*()+()2 '%!
<&68+! =8! (8$8.8(! L%++7+! #&+6(/>M8+0! L%/!
$%&67(:L%+! %! 2/8! (8! 7$%&68$8/! $8(6%! =#7'! </!
7$7.7L7!=8!-7G8(!$%&+6(/#(!/(7!$(#L7=7!&%!-#(!=8!
(8/! *7(=#(0! 2/7&=%! %/L#! /(7! 6%/$8#(7!
$%&L8(+7&=%!$%(!/(!.8+%/(%T!
A! <#+! /(7! .8*7! -'.(#$7X! A! =#G#7! 7! 6%/$8#(7'!
A! "8L8! +8(! /(7! 6%/$8#(7! .8(! $%=8(%+7! %! 7/6%(!
=8++7!%.(7'!
A!8(7$8*7#+!A!(8+$%&=8/!%!.8+%/(%'!A!%8(!
+7.8#+! 2/8! -%#! /(! .8+%/(%0! /(! .8+%/(%! "8&#7*! %!
7(2/#686%!=8++8!8=#-J$#%'!
"8+=8!8&6?%!(8+%*L#!&/&$7!=#+$/6#('!

219
&-%2,2'#(-'-&*&-'

<! $(#(8#(7! L8G! 8(! 2/8! *#! =*76?%! 8! %.+8(L8#!


8++7! "(7=7>?%! =8! +8(8+! =8+=8! %! (7#+! J&-#(%!
'6%(%! 766! %! 18(! 1/$(8(%0! 8++7! 8+$7*7!
#($(8++#%&%/:(8! -/&=7(8&68'! !%&+#=8(7&=%:7!
$%(6(! 768&67(8&680! 8+L78$8/:+8! %! "(7&=8!
-7&67+(70! $%(%! %/6(%(7! -/"#7(! 7+! 7$7(#>M8+! 7%!
$7&6%!=%!"7*%'!
"8!$(#&$J$#%!$%($(7G:+8!7!#(7"#&7>?%!8(!L8(!
7! 6(7&+#>?%! #($8($8$6JL8*! =7! (766(#7! .(/67! V!
(766(#7!%("7&#G7=70!=7+!$*7&67+!7%+!G%,-#6%+0!=%+!
G%,-#6%+! 7%+! 7&#(7#+0! =%+! 7&#(7#+! 7%! +%(8(0! =%!
+%(8(!7%+!"K&#%+0!=%+!"K&#%+!(8L8+6#=%+!=8!$%($%!
76(8%! 7! +/.+6R&$#7+! #(768(#7#+0! 8! 8&-#(! (#*!
%(=8&+! =#-8(8&68+! =8++7+! +/.+6R&$#7+! 2/80! =8!
.8*8G7+!7!$8(-8#>M8+0!+8!8+$7=8#7(!766!"8/+'!<++7!
+#8(7(2/#7! 6! (/#6%! =%! "%+6%! =%+! #&"K&/%+0! 2/8!
LK8(! %! $7$7! 8! +8/+! $7(=87#+! +8"/#=%+! =%+!
7($8.#+$%+!8!.#+$%+0!7$,+!2/8(!LK(!%+!$/(7+0!%+!
L#"'(#%+0! %+! +#($*8+! $7=(8+0! %+! =#'$%&%+0! %+!
+/.=#'$%&%+0! %+! -(7=8+! 8! -#&7*(8&680! -8$+7&=%! 7!
$%*/&70!%+!$7$/$+#&+%+'!
=%(6(! +'! /(! $%/$%! (7#+! =8! =#+6R&$#7! 8&6(8!
"8/+! 8! +/7+!(7#+!$8(-8#67+!$(#76/(7+!2/8!8&6(8!%!
+7&6%! $7=(8! 8! %! =8$7&%! =%! +7$(%! $%*6"#%'! @!
=8$7&%! $%=8! L#(! 7! +8(! $7$70! 8&2/7&6%! %! (7#+!
$8(-8#6%! =%+! "K&#%+! $(#7=%+! $8*%! 18(! 1/$(8(%!

220
*7(7#+!$%=8('!L#(!7!+8(!"8/+'!<&6(8!"8/+!8!8*8!+'!
%!#&-#&#6%'!
-?%! $%/$%! 8&6(8! %+! 7&#(7#+! 8! L8"867#+! +8!
L8(#-#$7! 8++7! $(868&+7! 8+$7*7! %/! "(7=7>?%'! =(%L7!
8+6'! 8(! 8Q#+6#(8(! $*7&67+! 8! 7&#(7#+! 8Q6#&6%+'! 7'!
&?%!68(%+!(\(#$8+'!<(7!$(%#.#=%!8&6(8!%+!*/=8/+!
$%(8(! %! "(#-%! 8! %! #Q#?%0! 8+$6$#8+! +%*8!
=8+7$7(8$#=7+0! =#"7! %! 2/8! =#++8(! %! 1('! %%$+7(6'!
@&=8!8&6?%!8+$7*7U!
<#&=7!2/8!&?%!+8!+%/L8++8(!8Q6#&6%!7*"/(7+!
8+$6$#8+0! $768&68! 6! 2/8! #++%! $%=8! 7$%&68$8('! @+!
*8M8+0!%+!(#&%$8(%&68+!$%(8>7(!7!(7(87('!
#/#6%! $(%L7L8*(8&68! 8Q#+6#(7(! (7>7+!
+/(7&7+!+%*8!=8+7$7(8$#=7+'!Y/8(%!$(8(!$%&6/=%!
2/8! 6%=7+! +7*7(! +/.+#+6#=%0! =7! (8+(7! -%((7!
$%(%! %+! .(7&$%+0! &8"(%+0! $7-(8+0! 7! 2/8(! 7!
&76/(8G7! =8/! /(! 7L8&67*! =7! $(,$(#7! $8*80!$7#&=%!
=%!L8&6(8!7%!(8#%!=7+!$%Q7+3!%+!+7(%#8=7+0!$/*7+!
(/*+8(8+!6K(!/(!(7(#*%!=8!.8*%!6.7&%0!86$'!
5?%!+'!L#+#L8*(8&68!/(!L7G#%!8&6(8!%!(7$7$%!
8! %! +%(8(U! 5?%! 6! -'$#*! #(7"#&7(! /(! .J$8=8!
#($*/(8! 2/8! +8(#7! #&68*#"8&68! +8(! /+7(! =7!
$7*7L(7!&8(!68(!%!&%++%!7+$8$6%0!2/8!$%=8(J7(%+!
=%(8+6#$7(0! 2/8! $%((8+$%&=8++8! 7%+! &%++%+!
(7$7$%+! 8! &%+! +8(L#++8U! <! 8&6(8! 8++7! &%L7!
8+$6$#8! 8! %! +%(8(! &?%! $%=8(J7(%+! $%&$8.8(!
%/6(7+U!

221
<$#(7!=%!+%(8(!$%*%$7#+!&%!$6/0!L,+0!=#L#&%!
=*76?%0! /(7! +6(#8! =8! +/.+6R&$#7+! $8*8+68+'!
!(8(%+! &,+! %/6(%+! 8(! 7*"/(7+! =8++7+!
+/.+6R&$#7+! $%(2/8! &%:*%! 8&+#&7! 7! -6'! #7+! L,+0!
2/8! (7G?%! 68&=8+! $7(7! $(K:*7+U! <66! $7(8$8! 2/8!
&?%! -7*7+68+! 7%! "K&#%! =8! 1,$(768+0! 8! 2/8! %!
+#($*,(#%! N8(8+0! 8Q$(8++7(8&68! (8++/((86%! $7(7!
L%+!$O(!7%!$%((8&68!=%+!+8"(8=%+!=%!%/6(%!(/&=%0!
&7=7! L%+! 68&+7! 8&+#&7=%! 7$8($7! =8! 67#+!
+/.+6R&$#7+'!
<! $(868&+7! 8+$7*7! &?%! 6! (8&%+! =8+$%&6J&/7!
&%!(/&=%!+8&+JL8*'!
Y/8! "(7=7>?%! A! $8("/&6%! A! +'! 8&6(8! %+!
L%++%+! $*7&867+U! <! E/7! 6! 2/7(8&67! L8G8+! (8&%(!
2/8!%!&%++%!"*%.%'!5K&/+!6!2/7+8!=%!67(7&+%!=7!
-8((7'! #8($\(#%! =8+$(8L8! /(7! 8*#$+8! (/#6%!
=#-8(8&68! =7! $#($/&-8(K&$#7! $8($%((#=7! $%(! 5K&/+!
8!6!L#&68!8!+868!L8G8+!(8&%(!2/8!&,+'!@!1%*!6!/(!
(#*+?%! =8! L8G8+! (7#%(! 2/8! %! $*7&867! 8(! 2/8!
L#L8(%+0! #7(68! $#&$%! L8G8+! (8&%('! #7(68!
$%($*867! +8/! "#(%! 8(! =%#+! 7&%+0! 7\$#68(0! +8/!
L#G#&+%0! 8(! =%G80! 176/(&%0! %! (7#+! 7-7+67=%! =8!
6%=%+0! $%&2/7&6%! (8&%(! 2/8! 7\$#68(0! 8(! 6(#&67'!
@&=8!7!67*!"(7=7>?%U!
"8$%#+0! $%(%! 2/8(8#+! 2/8! 8(! #(8&+%+!
8+$7>%+! L7G#%+! +7*7! /(7! $7=8#7! 2/8! 6/=%! *#"/8U!
18! 7*"/(7! $7=8#7! 8Q#+680! 6! $8(67(8&68! 7!
=8+$%.8(67! $%(! 58)6%&'! [! 8*7! 2/8! -7G! 6%=%+! %+!

222
"*%.%+! =%! (/&=%! $*7&86'(#%! "(7L#67(8(! /&+! 8(!
6%(&%!=%+!%/6(%+!&%!L'$/%!#&-#&#6%'!
<=(#(7=%!=*76?%0!L,+!&?%!$%&67+68+!(7#+!2/8!
-'./*7+X! 57! #*+7! =8! !7++#66(#=8+0! %&=8! 8(! L%++%!
68($%! %+! +%(8&+! L#L#7(! $%($*867(8&68! &/+0!
&7+$8/! /(! -#*,+%-%! 2/8! 8&+#&%/! 7%+! +%(8&+!
L8(=7=8+! 6?%! "(7&=8+! 2/7&6%! $/8(#+! 8(7(! L%++%+!
=8L7&8#%+'!

223
&-12#(-<'7(0&*"(-'

Y/7*!%!(8*+%(U!A!<66!%!$(8+8&68!&?%!$%&+8$#!
2/8(! &?%! 68&+7! "%L8(&7=%! 7*"/(! 8+67=%'! 5?%!
-7*%! =%+! (#&#+6(%+! 2/8! "%L8(&7(! 8-86#L7(8&680!
/&+! =%#+! %/! 6(K+! 7&%+0! %/6(%+! +8#+! (8+8+0! %/6(%+!
+8#+! +8(7&7+'! )7*%! =8! 6%=%+! 8++8+! +8&+%(8+! 2/80!
V! +%(7! =7+! (8-8#>M8+! %/! 8(! +8/+! "7.#&868+0!
8Q$M8(! +8/! +#+68(7! =8! "%L8(&%0! (8-%((7&=%! %+!
8Q6($#6%+0!7!#"(8*70!7!(7"#+6(76/(7!8!7+!-#&7&>7+'!
@! 7.7=8! =8! %%/(G8#+! (868/:+8! 7! "%L8(&7(! 7!
)(7&>7!$8*%!7&%!=8!/12I0!+%.!%!&%(8!=%!$7(=87*!
=8! #$+8*#8/0!8!8+$(8L8/!+8/!-8+67(8&6%!=%*J6#$%0!
&%! 2/7*! $(%$/(%/! 7((%*7(! 7! &%.(8G7! &7! $7L7*7(#7!
$%(!6(K+!7&%+0!-7G8(!$7"7(!7!67*+7!7%+!6(#./&7#+!=8!
$%&67+! 8! 7%+! $7(*7(8&6%+! 8! $(#L7(! %! (8#! =%!
$(%=/6%! =%+! +8/+! #($%+6%+! +%.(8! %! $%&+/(%'!
<-#((7! 8*8! 2/80! $7(7! 8&6(7(! 8(! $7($7&+7! $%(!
$#&2Z8&67! (#*! +%(8&+0! $%(! 8$%&%(#7! 6! $(8$#+%!
*8L7(! $8(! (#*'! <++8L8(7! 2/8! +,! 7! =(%L8&>7! 68(!
(7#+! .8*%+! $%(67+! =8! (7(!2/8!7!<+$7&+7!8!B6'*#7!
*/&67+!!
@!7.7=8!=8!%%/(G8#+!&?%!6#&+7!L#7*7=%'!<*#'+!
+/7! L#7"8(! 7$+7:+8! (8$*867! =8! 7&7$(%&#+(%+! 8!
8((%+'! )7G! %! $7(=87*! =8! #$+8*#8/! 7++#&7(! $%(%!
&/&$7!7++#&%/!8!-7*7(!$%(%!&/&$7!-7*%/'!<!"7+67!
/(! $7$J6/*%! #&68#(%! $7(7! =#G8(! 2/8! 7! (7G?%! =8L8!
+8(!7!$7/67!=%!8+67=%0!8!7!+8!8+-%(>7(!$%(!$(%L7(!

224
8++7! =8+$%.8(67'! <++7! %.(7! =7+! 6(8L7+0! 8++8!
.7+67(=%! =%! 7.7=8! =8! %%/(G8#+! $7++%/! (/#6%!
68($%! $%(! -#*+%! *8"J6#(%! =%! $7(=87*! =8! #$+8*#8/'!
<! 6%=%+! %+! 7$7=K(#$%+0! 8(! +8/+! =#+$/(+%+! =8!
(8$8$>?%0! &?%! =8#Q7L7(! =8! *%/L7(!
=8+(8=#=7(8&68!8++7!%.(7!$(#(7!=8!$%*J6#$7'!
@! +8&+%(! 876#8&! =8! !%/(6#*G0! L8&=%! %!
8Q6(7%(=#&'(#%! +/$8++%! =%! -8+67(8&6%! =%*J6#$%! =8!
#$+8*#8/0! -8G! #($(#(#(! 8(! N7#7! %! -8+67(8&6%! =8!
!%*.8(60! $%(! /(7! $%($%+7! $7(67! =%! +8&+%(!
!%*.8(6! 7%! (8#'! <+6'! $*7(%! 2/8! +8! 8++8! (#&#+6(%!
6#L8++8!-8#6%!+8(8*+7&68!68+67(8&6%0!+8(#7!$(8$#+%!
#&68(=#GK:*%3! 8&6(867&6%0! 8++8! *#L(%! -%#! $#67=%! $%(!
7*"/&+!7/6%(8+'!
@/6(%!L8*+7$%!$/*%!&%(8!+8!#"&%(7!$7(68*%/!%!
-8+67(8&6%! =8! E%/L%#+0! $#%(! 7#&=70! +8! $%++JL8*0!
2/8! %! =8! !%*.8(6'! <! /(! 7.7=8! =8! !+8L(8(%&6!
67(.6(!-8G!68+67(!!7(*%+0!=/2/8!=8!E%(8&7.903'!
@! +8&+%(! =8! %%#+! 8/#**8.8(60! 7/6%(! =%! "667#*!
=8! *7! )(7&$80! #($(8++%! 8(! /19I0! 7$(8+8&67! %!
$(%*86%! #&8Q82ZJL8*! =%! =JG#(%!(87*!+%.!%!&%(8!=%!
(7(8$+7*!=8!57/.7&.9;3'!
C(! *%/$%! +8(! 8#(7! &8(! .8#(7! $+7(7=%! E7!
7%&$+K(8! 8+$(8L8/! 8(! /09:! /(! $(%*86%! =8!
-#&7&>7! 8(! 2! L%*/(8+'! <! 7*"/&+! $7(L%+! $#67(7(!
8++7! $(%=/>?%! $%(%! %.(7! =8! E7! 7%&$+K(80! %!
68+%/(8#(%! "8(7*0! #(7"#&7&=%! 2/8! /(! 68+%/(8#(%!
&?%!$%=8!8+$(8L8(!/(!(7/!*#L(%!=8!-#&7&>7+'!

225
#7+! 6! $(8$#+%! $%&L#(! 8(! 2/8! +%(8&+!
7L#+7=%+0! =#"&%+! +8(! =\L#=7! =8! "%L8(&7(0! 6K(!
8+$(#6%! +%.(8! 7! 7=(#&#+6(7>?%! =%+! 8+67=%+0! +8*7!
&7! )(7&>70! &7! <+$7&+7! %/! &7! B&"*768((7'! 18/+!
*#L(%+! 6K(! -8#6%! (/#6%! .8(T! &?%! $%(2/8! +7*7(!
$%((#"#=%! %+! (#&#+6(%+! 8&6?%! &%! "%L8(&%0! *'! 2/8!
/(! (#&#+6(%! &?%! +8! $%((#"8! =8! (%=%! 7*"/(! &8(!
$%=8! +8(! $%((#"#=%T! 6! '(L%(8! *'! (/#6%! $(8+$#=73!
.7+67! =8! #&+6(/>M8+0! .7+67! =8! $%&+8*+%+3!
8+$7++8#7:*+8! 68($%! $7(7! %+! %/L#(0! 7((7+67:%! 7!
$%((8&68! =%+! &8",$#%+'! #7+! 8++8+! .%&+! *#L(%+!
-%((7(! 7! */L8&6/=8! =8+6#&7=7! 7%+! $7("%+'!
)%((7(! %+! $(J&$#$8+0! 8! 7! +8"/&=7! "8(7>?%! 6!
#&+6(/J=7'!
C*6#(7(8&68! 68(! +#=%! 8Q7(#&7=%! =8! $8(6%! %!
-%(68! 8! %! -(7$%! =%+! "%L8(&%+'! "#G8#:(80! L,+! 2/8!
+7L8#+! L#7*7=%0! L#L8+68+! 8! L#+68+0! +%.! 2/8! 8+$6$#8!
=8! "%L8(&%! =8+8*7(J8#+! 68(! &7+$#=%U! !%($(88&=%!
2/8! /(! "(7&=8! $(%$(#86'(#%! =8! 68((70! &7! )(7&>70!
&?%! =8+"%+67(#7! =8! +7L8(! &7+$#=%! &7! <*8(7&+7T!
+8(#7! +%.8(7&%! 8(! L8G! =8! L7++7*%'! <! /(! $7(! =8!
)(7&>7!(/#6%!7"(7=7(#7(!%+!$(#L#*6"#%+!=%!$7(#76%!
#&"*K+T!+8(#7!*8"#+*7=%('!
@! (7"#+6(7=%! 8! %! -#&7&$8#(%! 7$+7(:+8:#7(!
(8*+%(!8(!)(7&>7!2/8!7*+/(8+'!
#7+! 2/8! $'6(#7! 8+$%*+8(#7! /(! +%(8(! +'.#%0!
*#L(80! /(! +%(8(! =8! -%(6/&7! (8=J%$(8! 8! +8(!
$(8$%&$8#6%+U!

226
C(! (8(.(%! =%! $%&+8*+%! =8! =%&=#$+6(;0!
+8&+%(! =8! +,*#=7! $/*6/(70! L%*6%/! V! </(%$7! $%(!
68((7! 8(! $%($7&+#7! =8! /(! .(R(7&8! (7#+!
#&+6(/J=%!=%!2/8!%!$%(/(!=%+!.(R(7&8+'!
A!Y/8!67*!7$+7#+!%!"%L8(&%!=%!"(?%!(%"%*U!A!
$8("/&6%/!%!$%&+8*+8#(%'!
A! <.%(#&'L8*! A! (8+$%&=8/! %! .(R(7&8'! A!
!%(%!2/8(8#+!2/8!/(!8+67=%!+8*7!.8(!"%L8(&7=%!
$8*%+! 6'(67(%+U! 5%++%+! (7*7+0! &%++%+! %(('+0!
&%++%+! &7.7.%+! 8+6?%! (/#6%! $%&68&68+3! (7+! %+!
$#=7=?%+! (/#6%! 7%! $%&6('(#%0! 8! (#*+M8+! =8!
$#=7=?%+!+?%!7*"/(7!$%#+7'!
@! $%&+8*+8#(%! 8! %! .(R(7&8! $8($%((8(7(0!
$%&L8(+7&=%0!6%=7!7!7*67!D+#7'!
A! !+8"/8#! 7! /(7! $%&$*/+?%! A! =#++8! %!
.(R(7&8T!A!2/8!&?%!8Q#+68!+82/8(!/(7!(8$\.*#$7!
8(!6%=7!8+67!L7+67!$7(68!=%!(/&=%'!
A! N%/L8! %/6(%(7! 7! =8! -#(%0! A! (86(/$%/! %!
$%&+8*+8#(%! A! (7+! &?%! =/(%/! (/#6%'! N%/L8!
7#&=7!%/6(70!$8(6%!=7!<('.#7!=66(870!&/(!(8$7&6%!
=8&%(#&7=%! =7*8+6#&70! +8! 6! 2/8! +8! $%=8! +%&(7(!
$%(!%!&%(8!=8!(8$\.*#$7!/(7!+%(=7!=8!*7=(M8+!8!
=8! %&G8&8#(%+! "%L8(&7=%+! %(7! $%(! */#G8+0! %(7! $%(!
8+$6$#8+! =8! (8#+0! %(7! $%(! "(7&=8+! $%&6J-#$8+0!
8+$(7L#G7=%+! +868! %/! %#6%! L8G8+! 8! 8&-#(! 8Q$/*+%+!
=%!$7J+!2/8!/+/($7(7('!

227
A!7/*"%0!A!=#++8!%!.(R(7&8!A!2/8!&?%!=8L8!
+7L8(! +%.(8! 7! 68((7! +8&?%! $%/2/J++#(7+!
(8$\.*#$7+'! 7(7(8&68! +?%! %+! +%(8&+! =#"&%+! =8!
+8! "%L8(&7(! $%(! +#! (8+(%+'! -7*! -8*#$#=7=8! &?%!
=8L8! $8(68&$8(! +8&?%! 7! $%L%+! $82/8&%+0! 2/8! +8!
#&+/*8(! 8(! #*+7+! %/! 8&6(8! (%&67&+7+0! $%(%!
$%8*+%+! 7! +8! 8+$%&=8(8(! =%+! $7(&JL%(%+'! #7+!
+8($(8!7$7.7(!+8&=%!=8+$%.8(6%+!8!=8L%(7=%+'!
Y/7&=%! %+! =%#+! L#7*7&68+! $+8"7(7(! V! D+#7!
#8&%(0!$8("/&6%/!%!$%&+8*+8#(%!7%!.(R(7&8T!
A! <$(8=#67(J8#+! 68(! 8Q#+6#=%! /(7! (8$\.*#$7!
-%((7=7!&/(!$7&6%!=7!B6'*#70!2/8!=/(%/!(7#+!=8!
2/#&+8&6%+!7&%+!8!$%++/#/!8+67!D+#7!#8&%(0!D+#70!
D-(#$70!8(6$#70!8'*#7+0!<+$7&+7!8!6%=7!7!B6'*#7U!
A! <&6?%0! $8=%! +8! 6(7&+-%((%/! 8(!
(%&7(2/#7U!A!$8("/&6%/!%!.(R(7&8'!
A! <=#L#&+7+68+! A! (8+$%&=8/! %! %/6(%3! A!
$%(6(! 8++7! (%&7(2/#7! $7#/! 8! L#L8(%+! 7! -7G8(!
8($%*7=7+! =#++8(67>M8+! $7(7! 8&$%&6(7(! 7! $7/+7!
=8!+/7!=8$7=K&$#7'!
A!=8(=8#+!L%++%!68($%!#&/6#*(8&680!A!=#++8!%!
+#&=/T! A! 8++8! #($6(#%! $7#/! $%(2/8! 8Q#+6#7'! -/=%!
$7#'! <+$8(%! 2/8! 7++#(! 7$%&68>7! 67(.6(! 7%!
#($6(#%!=7!#%&",*#7'!
A!<!$(%$,+#6%!A!=#++8!%!8/(%$8/'!7/*"7#+!+8(!
&8$8++'(#%! (7#+! +%&(7! &/(! 8+67=%! =8+$,6#$%! 8!

228
(7#+!L#(6/=8!&/(7!(8$\.*#$7U!A!-8&=%!-8#6%!$%(!
2/8!+8!*+8!8Q$*#$7++8!%!2/8!+8!8&68&=8!$%(!+%&(70!
(8+$%&=8/! %! +#&=/! +8(! =8! %$#&#?%! 2/8! 8*7! 8(7!
(7#+! &8$8++'(#7! &/(7! (8$\.*#$70! 8! 7! L#(6/=8! 7!
(7#+!$(8$#+7!&/(!8+67=%!(%&'(2/#$%'!
A! =%(2/8! A! 8Q$*#$%/! A! /(! +%(8(! 2/8!
$(868&=7!+8(!8*8#6%!$8*%!$%L%!&?%!%!+8('!+8!&?%!-%(!
+%&(7=%'! <%! $7++%! 2/8! &7! $%(68! $%=8('! %.68(!
-7$#*(8&68! /(! $7("%0! +8"/&=%! 7! ('Q#(7! =8! /(!
"(7&=8! $(J&$#$80! 2/8! =#++8! 2/8! $7(7! %! $%&+8"/#(!
&?%! =8L8! %! $%(68+?%! 68(! +%&(7! &8(! +/(%('! !%(!
(8+$8#6%! V! L#(6/=80! 6! $(8$#+%! 6K:*7! (/#67! &/(7!
$%(68! $7(7! %/+7(! =#G8(! 7! L8(=7=8'! @! +%(8(!
L#(6/%+%! 8+6'! .8(! (7#+! V! L%&67=8! &7! (8$\.*#$70!
$%(!&?%!$(8$#+7(!.7*/*7(!&#&"/6('!
A! <$(8=#67#+! A! #&68((%"%/! %! 8/(%$8/! A! 2/8!
7+! *8#+! 8! (8*#"#M8+! +8*7(! -8#67+! $7(7! %+! $*#(7+!
7++#(!$%(%!%+!7"7+7*+%+!-%((7=%+!$7(7!#%+$%/!8!
%+!68$#=%+!=8!"7G7!$7(7!"8*JU!
A! 1#(0! +8(! =\L#=7! A! =#++8! %! .(R(7&8'!
-%=7+! 7+! *8#+! 2/8! $%&$8(&8(! %! -J+#$%! +?%!
$7*$/*7=7+!$8*%!(8(#=#7&%!8(!2/8!+8!+7.#673!$7(7!
/(!7*8(?%!.7+67!/(7!(/*+8(0!/(!$8(+7!$(8$#+7!
=8! 6(K+! %/! 2/76(%'! "7! (8+(7! &76/(8G7! +?%! %+!
(#6%+!=7!(8*#"#?%'!!%(%!=8+8*7(J8#+!2/8!8/0!+8!-%++8!
$(#+6?%0! =#++8++8! 7! (#++7! 8(! (#&+7! $(%LJ&$#70!
%&=8!&?%!+'!$?%!&8(!L#&+%U!Y/7&6%!7%+!=%"(7+0!
%! $7+%! 6! %/6(%T! %! $*#(7! &7=7! -7G'! 5%++7! (8*#"#?%!

229
&?%! &7+$8/! &7! D+#70! =8! %&=8! -%#! 8Q$/*+7U! 5?%!
+/.+#+68!&%!#7(!%'*6#$%0!%&=8!8(7!=8+$%&+8$#=7U!
A! <(! 2/8! 8+67=%0! +%.! 2/8! =%(J&#%!
$(8-8(#(J8#+!L#L8(U!A!$8("/&6%/!%!$%&+8*+8#(%'!
A!<(!2/7*2/8(!$7(68!2/8!&?%!7!(#&+7!68((70!
A! (8+$%&=8/! %! $%($7&+8#(%! A! 8! 8&$%&6(8#!
(/#6%+! +#7(8+8+0! 6%&2/#&8+8+0! $8(+7+! 8! 6/($%+!
2/8!=#G#7(!%/6(%!67&6%'!
A'#7+0! A! 7#&=7! /(7! L8G! =#++8!%!8/(%$8/!A!
2/8! 8+67=%! 8+$%*+8(J8#+U! A! 8+$%&=8/! %!
.(R(7&8T!
A!<2/8*8!%&=8!7$8&7+!+8!%.8=8$8++8!V+!*8#+'!
A! [! /(7! L8*+7! (8+$%+670! A! 7("Z#/! %!
$%&+8*+8#(%'!
A!<!&?%!6!('!A!=#++8!%!.(R(7&8'!
A! @&=8! -#$7! 8++8! $7J+U! A! $8("/&6%/! %!
$%&+8*+8#(%'!
A! [! =8! (#+68(! $(%$/(':*%! A! (8+$%&=8/! %!
.(R(7&8'!

230
&:&%8$&,'=#&>'

"8! 7*"/&+! $7++%+! +#&"/*7(8+! =8++8! $(%-867! 8!


=8!7*"/&+!+'.#6%+!7&6#"%+!
17.8:+8! +%*8! (/#6%! .8(! 2/8! &?%! +8! =8L8(!
*/*"7(! %+! $%+6/(8+! 7&6#"%+! $8*%+! (%=8(&%+'!
Y/8(! =8+8*7++8! (8-%((7(! 7! $%(68! =8! <*$#&%+0! &7!
@=#++6#70! 6%(7&=%! $%(%! (%=8*%! 7! =%! "(?%! 6/($%!
%/! 7! =8! E/J+! cB50! &?%! +8(#7! .8(! (8$8.#=%! $8*%+!
+'.#%+'! Y/8(! (8$(%L7++8! 7! 5#("J*#%! %! +7L8(!
(8$(8+8&67=%!%!(8#!<L7&=(%!$%.8(6%!$%(!/(7!$8*8!
=8!/(+%!8!7$%($7&+7=%!=8!=%#+!$?8+!$7(7!(8$8.8(!
%+!8(.7#Q7=%(8+0!+8(#7!/(!(7/!$(J6#$%'!
@+! $%+6/(8+! =%+! */=8/+! =8! 7&67&+%! +?%!
7#&=7! (7#+! =#-8(8&68+! =%+! &%++%+! 2/8!72/8*8+!=%!
(8#! <*$#&%+0! =8! 57/+#$70! =8! +/7! -#*+7! 8! =%!
.%&7$+8#(?%!<L7&=(%'!
<G82/#8*0!8+$(7L%!=%+!$7*=8/+0!68L8!/(7!L#+?%!
$8(6%! =%! (#.8#(?%! =8! !%.7(0! 2/8! +8! $8(=8! &%!
</-(768+'!
5?%! &%+! =8L8(%+! 7=(#(7(! =8! 2/8! 8*8! 68&+7!
L#+6%!7&#(7#+!=8!2/76(%!-7$8+!8!2/76(%!7+7+0!$%(!
$6+! =8! .8G8((%0! &8(! =7+! (%=7+! 2/8! $7(#&+7L7(!
$%(! +#! (8+(7+! 8! $%&6#&+7(! %! 8+$J(#6%! =7! L#=7T!
8++8+! +J(.%*%+! 766! 7"(7=7(! V! #(7"#&7>?%'! #7+!
L'(#%+! $(J6#$%+! +8! (8L%*67(7(! $%&6(7! 7! %(=8(! 2/8!
*+8! =8/! %! 18&+%(! =8! $%(8(! =/(7&68! 6(8G8&6%+! 8!

231
&%L8&67! =#7+0! $?%! =8! $8L7=70! =8! -(/(8&6%! 8! =8!
(#*+%0!$%.8(6%!=8!8Q$(8(8&6%'!
A! B((7X! A! 8Q$*7(%/! %! $(%-867'! A! ##&+^7*(7!
766!+%*8!&?%!6#&+7!+#=%!$%*/J=7'!
8+$%&=8/:*+8!%!18&+%(T!
A! =%#+! .8(0! 8/! 68! =7(8#! 8+6(/(8! =8! .%#! 8(!
*/"7(!=8!8Q$(8(8&6%+!+/(7&%+0!8!6/!$%(8('+!68/!
$?%!$%(!8++8!8+6(/(8'!
5#+6%! &?%! +8(! 7.+%*/67(8&68! =8! /+%! $%(8(!
67#+! $%&-8#6%+! $%(! %! $?%0! 7! (7#%(#7! =%+! +%(8&+!
7$+7! 8++7+! %(=8&+! #&=#"&7+! =7! (7*8+67=8! =#L#&7'!
<&6(867&6%0! =8L8:+8! *8(.(7(! 2/8! %! 8+6(/(8! =8!
L7$7! 8! %+! =#7(7&68+! =%! "(?%! (%"%*! +?%!
$8(-8#67(8&68!#"/7#+0!&?%!+,!7&68!%+!%*+%+!=8!/(!
+8(!=#L#&%!(7+!67(.6(!7%+!=%!L8(=7=8#(%!-#*,+%-%'!
!%(!(8+$8#6%!V+!(7GM8+!2/8!"8/+!$%=8(#7!68(!$7(7!
#($%(! 7%! $(%-867! /(! 67*! 7*(%>%0! &?%! &%+! $7.8!
$(%$/(':*7+'!
%7+67! -7G8(! L8(! 2/8! 8++7+! %(=8&+0! 2/8! &%+!
$7(8$8(! 8+6(7&+7+0! &?%! +8! 7-#"/(7(7(! 67#+! 7%+!
*/=8/+'!
[! L8(=7=8! 2/8! 7! +#&7"%"7! &?%! $8((#6#70! &%!
68($%!=8!1'!78(O&#(%0!7!*8#6/(7!=8!<G82/#8*!7&68+!
=7! #=7=8! =8! 6(#&67! 7&%+'! #7+! #++%! $%(2/8! &%!
$7$J6/*%!/;!8*8!=#G!2/8!%+!-#*+%+!&?%!7($7(?%!$%(!
7!#&#2Z#=7=8!=%+!$7#+!8!2/8!*'!&?%!+8!=#('T!%+!$7#+!

232
$%(8(7(! (7JG8+! L8(=8+! 8! %+! =8&68+! =%+! -#*+%+!
-#$7(7(!8(.%67=%+'!
58++8! $%&6%! 8*8! +8! 7$+7L7! 8(! $%&6(7=#>?%!
$%(! #%#+6+0! 2/8! &%! $7$J6/*%! 9;! =%+! 5\(8(%+!
7-#((7!2/8!%+!-#*+%+!+%-(8(!7!#&#2Z#=7=8!=%+!$7#+!
766!68($8#(7!8!2/7(67!"8(7>?%'!
<G82/#8*0! &%! $7$J6/*%! 9:0! -7G! 7#&=7! =#G8(! 7%!
18&+%(!68(!8*8!=7=%!7%+!*/=8/+!$(8$8#6%+!2/8!&?%!
+?%! .%&+'! <#+! $%(! 2/8! 7! +#&7"%"7! #&68(=#++8! 7%+!
*%L8&+! /(7! *8#6/(7! 2/8! $%=8(#7! $O(! 8(! =\L#=7! 7!
#((8-(7"7.#*#=7=8!=7+!*8#+!=8!#%#+6+'!
<%+! $8&+%(8+! =8! &%++%+! =#7+0! 7#&=7! (7#+! %+!
+/($(88&=8!%!$7$J6/*%!91!=8!<G82/#8*T!8#+!$%(%!%!
$(%-867! +8! 7((7&*7! $7(7! -7G8(! $%&+8$8(! %+! $(#(8+!
=8! 78(/+7*6('! <*8! 7$(8+8&67! %! 18&+%(! =#G8&=%! 7!
/(7!(%>7T!
,Y/7&=%! &7+$8+68+0! 7#&=7! &?%! L%+! 6#&+7(!
$%(67=%! %! $%(=?%! /(.#*#$7*0! 7#&=7! &?%! 6(8#+!
.76#G7=70! 8+6'L8#+! $%($*867(8&68! &/70! 8/! (8!
7$#8=8#! =8! L,+3! =8$%#+! $(8+$8+68+0! L%++%! +8#%! +8!
-%((%/0! L%++7+! 7Q#*7+! $%.(#(7(:+8! =8! L8#%+3! 8/!
$7++8#0!8/!L%+!L#0!8/!$%($(88&=#!2/8!8(7!%!68($%!
=%+! 7(7&68+3! 8/! $%.(#! L%++7! #"&%(J&#73! 8+68&=#!
$%(!+%.(8!L,+!%!(8/!(7&6%3!L#8+68+!7!(#(3!8/!L%+!
*7L8#0! $8(-/(8#0! L8+6#! .8(! 8! .8(! 72/8$#3! =8#:L%+!
/(! $+7*8! =8! *?0! .(7$8*868+0! /(! $%*7(3! 8/!L%+!$/+!
*,#7+! &%! &7(#G0! .(#&$%+! &7+! %(8*+7+! 8! /(7! $%(%7!
&7!-(%&680!86$'!

233
,<&6?%0! $%&-#7&=%! 8(! L%++7! .8*8G70!
-%(&#$7+68+! $%(! L%++7! $%&67! $%(! 6%=%+! %+!
$7++7&68+'''!<!6(#*+7+68+!/(!(7/!$7(#&+%'''!8!L%+!
$(%+6#6/J+68+!766!&7+!$(7>7+!$\.*#$7+!8!7.(#+68+!7+!
$8(&7+!7!6%=%+!%+!$7++7&68+'''!8!L%+!=8#67+68+!$%(!
%+! 8"J$$#%+'''! 8! 8&-#(! $7"7+68+! 7(7&68+! 8! *+8+!
-#G8+68+! $(8+8&68+! 7! -#(! =8! 2/8! +8! =8*8#67++8(!
$%(! %/6(7+! (%>7+'! @! $(%L6(.#%! 6T! -7*! (?80! 67*!
-#*+73!8!6!#++%!2/8!+8!=#G!=8!L,+0!86$'4!
<#&=7! $%(! (7#%(! #&=#"&7>?%! +8! #&+/("8(!
$%&6(7! %! $7$J6/*%! 9;'! C(7! (?8!6#&+7!=/7+!-#*+7+!
2/8! $8(=8(7(! (/#6%! $8=%! 7! L#("#&=7=83! 7! (7#%(!
$+7(7L7:+8! @%*7! 8! 7! (8&%(! @%*#.7'! ,'''@%*7! 8(7!
*%/$7! $8*%+! *%L8&+! +8&+%(8+0! (7"#+6(7=%+0!
$7L7*8#(%+3! =8#6%/:+8! $%(! 8"J$$#%+! =8+=8! 7! (7#+!
68&(7!(%$#=7=8'''!@%*#.70!+/7!#((?0!-%(&#$%/!(7#+!
7#&=7! $%(! %-#$#7#+0! (7"#+6(7=%+! 8! $7L7*8#(%+! .8(!
$7(8$#=%+3! =8+$%.(#/! +/7! L8("%&+7! 8! (/*6#$*#$%/!
+/7+!-%(&#$7>M8+'!=(%$/(%/!$%(!7((8.767(8&6%!%+!
7.(7>%+! =72/8*8+! $/*%! (8(.(%! +8! $7(8$8! $%(! %!
=8!/(!7+&%!8!2/8!8Q$7&=8(!7!+/7!+8(8&68!$%(%!
$7L7*%+'''4!
<++7+! =8+$(#>M8+! 2/8! 8+$7&=7*#G7(! 67&6%+!
8+$J(#6%+! -(7$%+! &?%!+#"&#-#$7(0!8&6(867&6%0!+8&?%!
7+! #&#2Z#=7=8+! =8! 78(/+7*6(! 8! =8! 17(7(#73! 7+!
8Q$(8++M8+! 2/8! &%+! $7(8$8(! *#L(8+! &?%! %! 8(7(!
8&6?%'!<!(8+(7!-(7&2/8G7!7$7(8$8!+8(!(8$8#%!8(!
(7#+! =8! /(! $%&6%! =7+! <+$(#6/(7+'! )7*7:+8!
-(82Z8&68(8&68! 8(! 7.(#(! 7! L/*L7'! @+! 68((%+! =8!

234
2/8! 8*7+! +8! +8(L8(! $7(7! 8Q$*#$7(! %! $%&676%! =8!
%%%G!$%(! /680!=8!7/=7+!$%(!+/7!&%(70!&?%!+?%!
=8+%&8+6%+! 8(! +8.(8/0! (7+! +8:*%:#7(! 8(! &%++7!
*J&"/7'!
5?%!+8!/+7!L6/!2/7&=%!&?%!+8!68(!L8("%&+7!
=8!+/7!&/=8G'!!%(%!6!$%++JL8*!2/8!+8!(/.%(#G7++8!
/(7! $8++%7! &%+! 68($%+! $7++7=%+! 7%! %/L#(! -7*7(!
=%+!,("?%+!"8&#67#+0!2/7&=%!8(7!$%+6/(8!6%$':*%+!
V2/8*8+! 7! 2/8(! +8! -7G#7! 7*"/(7! $(%(8++7U! <(7!
/(! +#&7*! =8! (8+$8#6%0! /(! +J(.%*%! =8! -#=8*#=7=80!
$%(%! %/6(%(7! 8&6(8! &,+! $/&+7(! %+! +8&+%(8+!
-8/=7#+! +/7+! (?%+! 8&6(8! 7+! =%+! +8/+! +8&+%(8+!
+%.8(7&%+'!
-(7=/G#(%+! %+! 68+6J$/*%+! $%(! $%Q7'! <*#8G8(!
$%/+7!7!(?%!+%.(8!70!$%Q7!=8!<.(7?%3!7%+6!$%/+7!
7! (?%! +%.(8! 7! $%Q7! =8! 77$,'! <++8! $%+6/(8! 8(7!
7&6#2Z#++#(%! &%! <"#6%'! @+! 8"J$$#%+! 8+67L7(! 6?%!
*%&"8! =8! *#"7(! V! #"&%(J&#7! $%#+7+! 2/8! &,+! &?%!
%/+7(%+! &8(! =8+$%.(#(! &8(! &%(87(0! 2/8!
$%&=/G#7(! 8(! $(%$#++?%! /(7! "(7&=8! -#"/(7! =%!
(8(.(%! L#(#*! $+7(7=7! $+7**/(0! $7(7! 7"(7=8$8(!
7%+! =8/+8+! 7! .%&=7=8! =8(%&+6(7=7! 8(! -7G8(!
+8(L#(! 8++8! (8(.(%! V! $(%$7"7>?%! =%! "K&8(%!
+/(7&%'!
-%=%+! 8++8+! -76%+! $(%L7(! .8(! 2/8! &%++%+!
=8$%(%+!&?%!+?%!%+!(8+(%+!=%+!%/6(%+!$%L%+'!<(!
2/8!68($%!+%/L8!8&6(8!%+!(%(7&%+!(7#%(!$%*#=8G!
=%! 2/8! &%! +6$/*%! =8! </"/+6%U! <&6(867&6%0!

235
N%('$#%! &?%! 68("#L8(+%/! 8(! =#G8(! &/(7! $8>7!
(%(7*T!
!4-'94+4%+'&46'53/'0313%6'9.+'+3+4'+4-3++)1!.993'!
C(! +%(8(! 2/8! 8&6(8! &,+! $(%&/&$#7++8! 7!
$7*7L(7!$%((8+$%&=8&68!7!-/6/%!+8(#7!$%&+#=8(7=%!
/(! .K.7=%! #&=8$8&683! 8++7! 8! L'(#7+! %/6(7+!
$7*7L(7+! =8! 2/8! +8! +8(L8(! N%('$#%! 8! %/6(%+!
7/6%(8+! &%+! $7(8$8(! 7#&=7! (7#+! #&=8$%(%+7+! =%!
2/8!7+!8Q$(8++M8+!=8!<G82/#8*'!"8+-7>7(%:&%+!=8!
&%++%+! $(8$%&$8#6%+! 2/7&=%! *8((%+! 7/6%(8+!
7&6#"%+! %/! 2/7&=%! L#7*7((%+! $%(! &7>M8+!
*%&"J&2/7+'!<!&76/(8G7!6!7!(8+(7!8(!6%=7!$7(68!
8!%+!$%+6/(8+!8(!6%=7!$7(68!=#-8(8&68+'!

236
+)68,2-'

5?%!+?%!7+!(7#+!7&6#"7+!-'./*7+!L#+#L8*(8&68!
7*8",(#$7+U!<!$(#(8#(7!2/8!$%&+8$8(%+!=8&6(%!=8!
&%++7! (7&8#(7! =8! $7*$/*7(! %! 68($%! &?%! 6! 72/8*7!
2/8! L8(! &%! &%&%! $7$J6/*%! =%! *#L(%! =%+! 7/#G8+U!
-(767L7:+8!=8!8+$%*+8(!/(!(8#!8&6(8!7+!'(L%(8+3!7!
%*#L8#(7! &?%! 2/8(#7! 7.7&=%&7(! %! $/#=7=%! =%! +8/!
7G8#680! &8(! 7! -#"/8#(7! %! =8! +8/+! -#"%+0! &8(! 7!
L#&+7!%!=8!+8/!L#&+%0!&8(!7+!%/6(7+!'(L%(8+!%!=8!
+8/+!-(/6%+3!%!8+$#&+8#(%0!2/8!&7=7!6#&+7!=8!.%(0!
6%(&%/:+8! (8#0! $%(2/8! 6#&+7! 8+$#&+%+! 8! $%=#7!
$(76#$7(!%!(7*'!
<! 7&6#"7! -'./*7! =8! 5K&/+0! 67*! $%(%! 7! (8*767!
N8+J%=%0!&?%!6!/(7!7*8"%(#7!=8!6%=7!7!&76/(8G7U!
<+!$7(68+!=7!"8(7>?%!$7J(7(!=%!668(!V+!$%+67+!=%!
(7(3! 5K&/+! &7+$8! =8++7! 8+$/(7! $(8$#%+73! +8/!
$(#(8#(%!&%(8!6!%!=8!7(7&68!=7!"8(7>?%T!8Q#+6#('!
#(7"8(!(7#+!+8&+JL8*!5K&/+!6!7!=8/+7!=7!.8*8G73!
7!.8*8G7!=8#Q7!=8!+8(!7(7=7!+8!$7(#&+7(!+8(!7+!
"(7>7+3! 7! .8*8G7! -7G! &7+$8(! %! 7(%(3! %! 7(%(! 68(!
2/7*#=7=8+!2/8!6(8+$7++7(!%+!$%(7>M8+3!*8L7!/(7!
L8&=7!2/8!8+$%&=8!%+!=8-8#6%+!=%!%.*86%!7(7=%'!
<!+7.8=%(#7!6!$%&$8.#=7!&%!$6(8.(%!=%!+8&+%(!
=%+! =8/+8+! +%.! %! &%(8! =8! ##&8(L73! 7! 7*(7! =%!
+%(8(! 6! /(! -%"%! =#L#&%! 2/8! ##&8(L7! (%+6(7! 7!
=(%(868/0! 2/8! +8! +8(L8! =8++8! -%"%! =#L#&%! $7(7!
7&#(7(!%!+%(8('!

237
[! #($%++JL8*! =8#Q7(! =8! (8$%&+8$8(! &8++7+!
-'./*7+! /(7! $#&6/(7! L#L7! =8! 6%=7! 7! &76/(8G7'! <!
(7#%(#7! =7+! %/6(7+! -'./*7+! +?%! %/! $%((/$>M8+!=8!
+#+6,(#7+! 7&6#"7+! %/! $7$(#$+%+! =7! #(7"#&7>?%'!
1/$8=8!$%(!7+!7&6#"7+!-'./*7+!%!(8+(%!2/8!$%(!
%+!&%++%+!$%&6%+!(%=8(&%+T!+'!7+!(%(7#+!2/8!+?%!
8&$7&67=%(7+3!%/6(7+!+?%!#&+J$#=7+'!

238
+2,-$#2#&'#2-'0$*18#&-'?892"2-'

Y/7&=%! %! =/2/8! =8! E7! %$+8-%/$7/=!


8+$(8L8/! %+! +8/+! $8&+7(8&6%+! +%.(8! %! 7(%(!
$(,$(#%0! $%&=%! 7! =8+$%.8(6%! 8++8! #($/*+%! =%!
+%(8(0! /(! +8&+%(! <+$J(#6%0! =%! @(76,(#%0!
8+$(8L8/! /(! *#L(%! $7$$#%+%! #&6#6/*7=%T! "7!
-7*+#=7=8!=7+!L#(6/=8+!+/(7&7+'!"#G!8++8!<+$J(#6%!
2/8! 7!L#(6/=8!&?%!8Q#+683!(7+0!$%(!"(7>7!68((#&7!
$7=7! $7$J6/*%! (8$%&+#=8(7&=%! 7! $7(#=7=8! $(#+6?'!
<++#(0! +8"/&=%! %! +8&+%(! <+$J(#6%0! &8(! !76?%0!
&8(! <(#+6#=8+0! &8(! #7($%! </(6*#%0! &8(! <$#$686%!
-%(7(! $8++%7+! =8! .8(3! 8+67+! 7$8&7+! $%=8(! +8(!
8&$%&6(7=7+! 8&6(8! %+! $(#+6?%+'! <&6(8! %+! $(#+6?%+0!
7$8&7+! %+! $76,*#$%+! +?%! L#(6/%+%+! 3! 8&6(8! %+!
$76,*#$%+! +8(#7! 7#&=7! &8$8++'(#%! 8Q$86/7(! %+!
*8+/J67+0! #&#(#"%+! =%+! %(76%(#7&%+3! $%(67&6%! 7!
L#(6/=8! &?%! +8! 7$+7! +8&?%! 8&6(8! %+! #&#(#"%+! =%+!
*8+/J67+'!
<++8! +8&+%(! <+$J(#6%! $%(8>7! $%(! =#G8(! 2/8! 7!
$(/=K&$#7! &?%! 6! /(7! L#(6/=80! 8! 7! (7G?%! 6! %! +8(!
-(82Z8&68(8&68!8&"7&7=7'![!$%(%!+8!+8!=#++8++8!
2/8!!6+7(!&?%!-%#!/(!"(7&=8!$7$#6?%!$%(!68(!+#=%!
=8((%67=%!8(!"#(('2/#%'!
18! %! +8&+%(! <+$J(#6%! -%++8! /(! -#*,+%-%0! &?%!
68(#7!8Q7(#&7=%!7!$(/=K&$#7!$%(%!/(7!L#(6/=8!8!
+#(! $%(%! /(! 67*8&6%0! $%(%! /(7! 2/7*#=7=8! \6#*0!
-8*#GT! $%#+! /(! $8*8(7=%! $%=8! +8(! $(/=8&68! 8! 8/!

239
$%&+8$#! "8&68! =8++7! 8+$6$#8'! Y/8! #&-R(#7!
$(868&=8(! 2/8! &#&"/6(! $%=8! 68(! L#(6/=8! +8&?%!
&,+!8!&%++%+!7(#"%+X.H:3'!
Y/8! 6! 7! L#(6/=80! (8/! 7(#"%U! [! $(76#$7(! %!
.8(T! $(76#2/8(%:*%! 8! +8('! %! +/-#$#8&68'! <&6?%0!
&,+!68!8Q$*#$7(8(%+!%!(%6#L%'!!%(%X!18"/&=%!68/!
(%=%! =8! L8(! &?%! 8Q#+6#(#7! &8&+/(7! =#-8(8&>7!
8&6(8! %! $(8+#=8&68! =8! -+%/! 8! 7L7#**7$0! 8&6(8!
!J$8(%! 8! 8++8! =%$J*#%! 7%! 2/7*! 8*8! +7*L%/! 7! L#=7! 8!
2/8! *+8! $%(6%/! 7! $7.8>7! $%(! =#&+8#(%U! <!
$%&+#=8(7('+! <$#$686%! 8! =%(-J(#%! *#.8(6#&%+! $%(!
68(8(! +8"/#=%! %+! &%++%+! =%"(7+U! -7(7&+7!
#&+%*K&$#7! (8L%*67'! <! &?%! L%/! 7=#7&68! $7(7! &?%!
$8(=8(!7+!8+6(#.8#(7+'!

240
+2"21$-9('

)7&76#+(%! 6! $7(7! 7! +/$8(+6#>?%! %! 2/8! %!


=8*J(#%! 6! $7(7! 7! -8.(80! %! 2/8! 6! 7! (7#L7! $7(7! 7!
$,*8(7'! <2/8*8! 2/8! 68(! KQ67+8+0! L#+M8+0! 2/8!
$%&+#=8(7! %+! +%&+%+! $%(%! (87*#=7=8+! 8! 7+!
#(7"#&7>M8+! $%(%! $(%-8$#7+! 6! /(! 8&6/+#7+673!
72/8*8!2/8!7*#(8&67!7!+/7!*%/$/(7!$%(!7!(%(68!6!
/(! -7&'6#$%'! 7%?%! "#7G0! (86#(7=%! 8(! 5/(8(.8("0!
-#((8(8&68!$%&L#$6%!=8!2/8!%!$7$7!6!%!<&6#$(#+6%!
=%!<$%$7*#$+8!8!2/8!68(!%!+#"&%!=7!.8+670!&?%!8(7!
(7#+! 2/8! /(! 8&6/+#7+673! %7(6%*%(8/! "#7G0! 2/8!
$7(6#/! =8! %(7! $7(7! #(! 7++7++#&7(! +7&67(8&68! %!
+8/!#((?%!8!2/8!8-86#L7(8&68!%!(76%/!$8*%!7(%(!
=8! "8/+0! -%#! /(! =%+! (7#+! 7.%(#&'L8#+! -7&'6#$%+!
2/8! 8(! 6%=%+! %+! 68($%+! $O=8! $(%=/G#(! 7!
+/$8(+6#>?%'!
=%*#8/6%0! 2/8! L7#! 7%! 68($*%! &/(! =#7! =8!
+%*8&#=7=8! =8((/.7(! 7! =8+6(/#(! 7+! 8+6'6/7+! 8! %+!
%(&7(8&6%+0!6!/(!-7&'6#$%!(8&%+!+%((JL8*!=%!2/8!
"#7G0! (7+! &?%! (8&%+! 6%*%'! @+! 7++7++#&%+! =%!
=/2/8! )(7&$#+$%! =8! 8/#+80! =8! 8/#*+8((80!
$(J&$#$8! =8! @(7&"80! =%! (8#! N8&(#2/8! BBB0! =%! (8#!
N8&(#2/8! B5! 8! =8! 67&6%+! %/6(%+! -%(7(!
8&8("\(8&%+!8&-8((%+!=7!(8+(7!(7#L7!=8!"#7G!!
@! (7#+! =868+6'L8*! 8Q8($*%! =8! -7&76#+(%! 6!
72/8*8! =%+! ./("/8+8+! =8! =7(#+! 2/8! $%((8(7(! 7!
7++7++#&7(0! =8"%*7(0! 76#(7(! $8*7+! *7&8*7+0!

241
=8+$8=7>7(0! &7! &%#68! =8! 1?%! %7(6%*%(8/0! +8/+!
$%&$#=7=?%+!2/8!&?%!#7(!V!(#++7'!
N'!-7&'6#$%+!=8!+7&"/8!-(#%T!+?%!%+!*/#G8+!2/8!
$%&=8&7(! V! (%(68! 72/8*8+! $/*%! \&#$%! $(#(8! 6!
&?%! $8&+7(! $%(%! 8*8+3! 8! 8++8+! */#G8+! +?%! 67&6%!
(7#+! $/*$7=%+0! 67&6%! (7#+! (8(8$8=%(8+! =7!
8Q8$(7>?%! =%! "K&8(%! +/(7&%0! 2/7&6%0! &?%!
8+67&=%!6%(7=%+!=8!/(!7$8++%!=8!-/(%(!$%(%!%+!
!*6(8&60! %+! !+76K*0! %+! 7L7#**7$0! %+! 86(7(=0! %+!
"7(#8&0!$7(8$8!2/8!$%=8(#7(!%/L#(!7!(7G?%'!
Y/7&=%! /(7! L8G! %! -7&76#+(%! "7&"(8&%/! /(!
$6(8.(%! 7! =%8&>7! 6! 2/7+8! #&$/('L8*'! </! L#!
$%&L/*+#%&'(#%+! 2/80! -7*7&=%! =%+! (#*7"(8+! =8! 1'!
='(#+0! +8(! 2/8(8(! +8! 7$7*%(7L7(! $7=7! L8G! (7#+3!
+8/+! %*+%+! 8&$7(&#>7L7(:+80! +8/+! (8(.(%+!
6(8(#7(0!%!-/(%(!=8+-#"/(7L7!+8/+!(%+6%+!8!68(#7(!
(%(6%!2/8(!2/8(!2/8!%+!+%/L8++8!$%&6(7(#7=%'!
5?%! +'! %/6(%! (8(6=#%! $%&6(7! 8++7! =%8&>7!
8$#=K(#$7! +8&?%! %! 8+$J(#6%! -#*%+,-#$%! 2/80!
$(%"(8++#L7(8&68!=#-/&=#=%0!7=%>7!8&-#(!7!J&=%*8!
=%+! +%(8&+0! $(8L8&#&=%! %+! 7$8++%+! =%! (7*!
$%(2/80!=8+=8!2/8!%!(7*!-8G!7*"/&+!$(%"(8++%+0!6!
$(8$#+%!-/"#(!8!8+$8(7(!2/8!%!7(!+8*7!$/(#-#$7=%'!<+!
*8#+! 8! 7! (8*#"#?%! &?%! .7+67(! $%&6(7! 7! $8+68! =7+!
7*(7+3! 7! (8*#"#?%0! *%&"8! =8! +8(! $7(7! 8*7+! /(!
7*#(8&6%! +7*/67(0! 6(7&+-%((7:+8! 8(! L8&8&%! &%+!
$6(8.(%+! #&-8$$#%&7=%+'! <++8+! (#+8('L8#+! 6K(!
#&$8++7&68(8&68! $(8+8&68! &%! 8+$J(#6%! %! 8Q8($*%!

242
=8!<%=80!2/8!7++7++#&7!%!(8#!<"*?%3!=8!7/=#680!2/8!
$%(67! 7! $7.8>7! =8! N%*%-8(&8! 2/7&=%! =8#67=7! $%(!
8*83! =8! 17(/8*0! 2/8! $%(67! 8(! $8=7>%+! %! (8#!
<"7"/8'! <*8+! &?%! LK8(! 2/8! 8++8+! 8Q8($*%+!
(8+$8#6'L8#+! $7(7! 7! 7&6#"Z#=7=8! +?%! 7.%(#&'L8#+!
&7! 6$%$7! 76/7*3! 8*8+! +7/(8(! +8/+! -/(%(8+! =7!
(8+(7!(8*#"#?%!2/8!%+!$%&=8&7'!
<+! *8#+! +?%! 7#&=7! (/#6%! #($%68&68+! $%&6(7!
67#+!7$8++%+!=8!(7#L73!6!$%(%!+8!*K++8#+!/(!7(8+6%!
=%! !%&+8*+%! 7! /(! -(8&66#$%'! <++7! "8&68! 8+6'!
$8(+/7=#=7!=8!2/8!%!8+$J(#6%!+7&6%!2/8!%+!$8&86(7!
8+6'! 7$#(7! =7+! *8#+! 8! 2/8! %! +8/! 8&6/+#7+(%! 6! 7!
\&#$7!*8#!7!2/8!=8L8(!%.8=8$8('!
Y/8!(8+$%&=8(!7!/(!+%(8(!2/8!L%+!=#G!2/8!
$(8-8(8!%.8=8$8(!7!"8/+!7!%.8=8$8(!7%+!+%(8&+!8!
2/80! $%&+82/8&68(8&680! 8+6'! $8(6%! =8! (8(8$8(! %!
$6/!+8!L%+!=8"%*7(U!
"8! %(=#&'(#%0! +?%! %+! L8*+7$%+! 2/8! $%&=/G8(!
%+!-7&'6#$%+!8!2/8!*+8+!$M8(!%!$/&+7*!&7+!(?%+T!
7++8(8*+7(:+8! 7! 8++8! 58*+%! =7! #%&67&+7! 2/8!
-7G#7! A! +8"/&=%! +8! =#G! A! #(.8$#+! "%G7(8(! 7+!
7*8"(#7+! =%! $7(7J+%! 8! 2/8! *+8+! $(%(86#7! /(7!
868(&#=7=8! =8++8+! $(7G8(8+! 2/8! *+8+! +7L#7! -8#6%!
$(%L7(! $%(! 7! $%&=#>?%! =8! 7++7++#&7(8(! 6%=%+!
72/8*8+! 2/8! 8*8! *+8+! 7$%&67++8'! 1,! +%/L8! /(7!
(8*#"#?%! &%! (/&=%! 2/8! &?%! -%#! 7.7*7=7! $8*%!
-7&76#+(%0! 6! 7! =%+! *86(7=%+! =7! !+#&7'! <+! +8#67+!
=%+! -#*,+%-%+! 8+67L7(! &?%! +%(8&68! #+8&67+! =8++7!

243
$8+68!$%(%!$%&+6#6/J7(!%!(8(6=#%!$7(7!8*7T!$%#+!%!
8-8#6%! =7! -#*%+%-#7! 6! 6%(&7(! 7! 7*(7! 6(7&2Z#*7! 8! %!
-7&76#+(%!6!#&$%($76JL8*!$%(!7!6(7&2Z#*#=7=8'!18!
7! &%++7! +7&67! (8*#"#?%! 68(! +#=%! -(82Z8&68(8&68!
$%((%($#=7! $%(! 8++8! -/(%(! #&-8(&7*0! 6! V! *%/$/(7!
+/(7&7!2/8!+8!=8L8!$/*$7('!
>$$./6'5)$')$)$'834'14946'
;-)+%'24+94+143'%'3$%$'
14942)$'2)+)'$43'=4/'
4')$'4/2+47%3'4/'$43'5)&%'!
.%8(67/=0!.#+$%!=8!168G3'!

244
+$9<'%28-2-'+$"2$-'

=7(8$8!2/8!+8(#7!$(8$#+%!8+67(!-%(7!=8!+#!$7(7!
&8"7(!2/8!%+!8+6O(7"%+!+8*7(!-8#6%+!$7(7!=#"8(#(0!
%+! %*+%+! $7(7! L8(! 8! %+! %/L#=%+! $7(7! %/L#('! "8!
%/6(%! *7=%0! 6! $(8$#+%! 68(! /(! 8+6(7&+%! 7(%(! V+!
$7/+7+! -#&7#+! $7(7! 7-#((7(! 2/8! 7! $8=(7! -%#! -8#67!
$7(7! $%&+6(/#(! $7+7+! 8! 2/8! %+! .#$+%+! =7! +8=7!
&7+$8(7(!&7!!+#&7!$7(7!2/8!68&+7(%+!$86#(!&7!
</(%$7'!
#7+0!%.*867:+80!+8!"8/+!-8G!L#+#L8*(8&68!/(7!
$%#+7! $(8$%&$8.#=70! -8G! $%(67&6%! 6%=7+! 7+! %/6(7+!
$%(!/(!=8+J"&#%'![!(#=J$/*%!7=(#6#(!7!=(%L#=K&$#7!
&/(! $7+%! 8! &8"':*7! 8(! %/6(%+'! -/=%! %! 2/8! 8+6'!
-8#6%! -%#! $(8L#+6%0! $%%(=8&7=%'! 58&+/(7!
$%%(=8&7>?%! +'! +8(! %.*86%0! &8&+/(! 8-8#6%! +8(!
$7/+73! $%(67&6%! 6/=%! 6! #"/7*(8&68!%!(8+/*67=%0!%!
$(%=/6%! =8! /(7! $7/+7! -#&7*3! $%(67&6%! 6! 6?%!
L8(=7=8#(%! =#G8(! 2/8! %+! &7(#G8+! -%(7(! -8#6%+! $7(7!
*8L7(! */&867+! 8! %+! =8=%+! $7(7! +8(! %(&7=%+! =8!
=#7(7&68+! 2/7&6%! 6! L8(=7=8! 2/8! %+! %/L#=%+!
-%(7(! -8#6%+! $7(7! %/L#(! %+! +%&+! 8! %+! %*+%+! $7(7!
(8$8.8(!7!*/G'!
!(8#%! +8(! (/#6%! -'$#*! 8+$*7(8$8(! 8++7!
=#-#$/*=7=8'!Y/7&=%!%+!8-8#6%+!+?%!#&L7(#'L8#+!8(!
6%=%! */"7(! 8! 8(! 6%=%+! %+! 68($%+0! 2/7&=%! 8++8+!
8-8#6%+! /&#-%((8+! +?%! #&=8$8&=8&68+! =%+! +8(8+! 7!

245
2/8! $8(68&$8(0! 8&6?%! 8Q#+68! /(7! $7/+7! -#&7*!
L#+JL8*'!
-%=%+! %+! 7&#(7#+! 6K(! %*+%+0! 8! 8&Q8("7(3!
6%=%+! 6K(! /(7! .%$7! $%(! 7! 2/7*! $%(8(3! /(!
8+6O(7"%!%/!$%#+7!+8(8*+7&680!$8*%!2/7*!=#"8(8(3!
6%=%+0! /(! %(#-J$#%! 2/8! 8Q$8*8! %+! 8Q$(8(8&6%+0!
6%=%+!/(!,("?%!"8(7=%(T!8!8++8+!=%&+!=7!&76/(8G7!
%$8(7(!&8*8+!+8(!7/QJ*#%!=8!(8#%+!7(6#-#$#7#+'!<#+!
7#!$7/+7+!-#&7#+!$*7(7(8&68!8+67.8*8$#=7+0!8!+8(#7!
$8(L8(68(! &%++7! -7$/*=7=8! =8! $8&+7(! $(868&=8(!
&8"7(! /(7! L8(=7=8! 6?%! /&#L8(+7*'! =%(6(! 7+!
$8=(7+0!8(!6%=7!$7(68!8!8(!6%=%+!%+!68($%+0!&?%!
-7G8(! $%&+6(/>M8+'! 58(! 6%=%+! %+! &7(#G8+! *8L7(!
*/&867+'!58(!6%=%+!%+!=8=%+!6K(!7&8*3!&8(!6%=7+!
7+! $8(&7+! +?%! $%.8(67+! $%(! /(7! (8#7! =8! +8=7'!
C(! .#$+%! =8! +8=70! $%(67&6%0! &?%! -%#! $(#7=%! $7(7!
$%.(#(!7+!$8(&7+!7++#(!$%(%!7!L%++7!.%$7!-%#!-8#67!
$7(7! $%(8(! 8! L%++%! $%+68(#%(! $7(7! #(! V! +8$(867'!
<Q#+68(0! $%#+0! 8-8#6%+! $(%=/G#=%+! $%(! $7/+7+!
-#&7#+!8!"(7&=8!&\(8(%!=8!%/6(%+!2/8!&?%!%!+?%'!
=%(6(! 67&6%! /&+! $%(%! %/6(%+! -#"/(7(!
#"/7*(8&68! &%! $*7&%! =7! $(%L#=K&$#7! "8(7*T! &7=7!
+8(! =\L#=7! $%=8! +8(! -8#6%! (7/! "(7=%! +8/0! &8(!
(8+(%! +8(! 8*7'! -/=%! 2/8! $8(68&$8! V! &76/(8G7! 6!
/&#-%((80! #(/6'L8*0! 6! %.(7! #(8=#767! =%! 18&+%(3!
-%#!8*8!2/8(!$(#%/!*8#+!$8*7+!2/7#+!7!E/7!8&6(7!8(!
6(K+! 2/7(6%+! &7+! $7/+7+! =%! -*/Q%! 8! =%! (8-*/Q%! =%!
%$87&%! 8! %! 1%*! &%! 2/7(6%3! -%#! 8*8! 2/8! =8/!
(%L#(8&6%! =8! (%67>?%! 7%! 1%*0! (8=#7&68! %! 2/7*!

246
8++8! 7+6(%! 8&L#70! 8(! $#&$%! (#&/6%+! 8! (8#%0! (7#%+!
=8!*/G!7%+!%*+%+!=%+!+%(8&+0!=%+!$(%$%=#*%+!8!=%+!
"76%+'!
#7+! +8! =8$%#+! =8! 67&6%+! +6$/*%+! &,+! &%+!
*8(.(7(%+! =8! #&L8&67(! 68+%/(7+! 8! 8+$86%+0! =8!
6%+2/#7(! $%(! /(7+! 7! *?! =%+! $7(&8#(%+! 8! =8! %+!
$%G8(! $%(! %+! %/6(%+! $7(7! $%(K:*%+0! 2/8! %/6(7!
$%#+7! +8! $%=8! #&-8(#(! +8&?%'! 2/8! "8/+! &%+! -8G! =8!
(%=%! 2/8! /(! =#7! &%+! 6%(&'++8(%+! &8$8++7(#7:
(8&68!#&=/+6(#%+%+!8!$7(&#$8#(%+U!
576/(7*(8&68! %+! $%(=8#(%+! &?%! -%(7(! -8#6%+!
=8! -%((7! 7*"/(7! $7(7! +8(! $%G#=%+! 8! $%(#=%+0!
$%(2/7&6%! "(7&=8! &\(8(%! =8! &7>M8+! +8! 7.+6K(!
=8++7! $%#+7! +%((%(%+73! %+! +%(8&+! &?%! -%(7(!
$(#7=%+! 8++8&$#7*(8&68! $7(7! +8! $+7$#&7(8(0! $%#+!
%+! .(R(7&8+! 8! %+! 2/7&8(+! &?%! (767(! &#&"/6(3!
(7+! 7! (7++7! =8! 2/8! +%(%+! -8#6%+! $(%=/G!
(%(6#$J&#%+! -(82Z8&68+0! 7++#(! $%(%! $(%=/G!
$7*\&#7+0!L7#=7=8+0!$8(+8$/>M8+!8!#($8(6#&K&$#7+'!
5?%!2/8!7!-%((7>?%!=%!+%(8(!+8*7!$(8$#+7(8&68!
7! $7/+7! -#&7*! =8! &%++%+! -/(%(8+! 8! =8! &%++7+!
6%*#$8+T! $%(2/8! /(7! $7/+7! -#&7*! 6! #&L7(#'L8*! 8(!
6%=%+!%+!68($%+!8!*/"7(8+3!$%(6(!%+!+%((%(8+!8!%+!
7.+/(=%+!=7!8+$6$#8!+/(7&7!&?%!-#"/(7(!(8&%+!
&7! %(=8(! 868(&7! =7+! $%#+7+'! Y/7&=%! .768(%+! %!
6(#"%0! %! .768=%(! 6! 7! $7/+7! -#&7*! =7! +8$7(7>?%! =%!
"(?%'! #7+! +8! 8++8! .768=%(0! .768&=%! %! "(?%0!
8+(7"7! 67(.6(! (#*+7(8+! =8! #&+86%+0! &?%! 6! $%(!
&%++7! L%&67=8! =868((#&7=70! &8(! 6?%! $%/$%! $%(!

247
7$7+%T! 6! 2/8! 8++8+! #&+86%+! +8! 8&$%&6(7(7(!&8++7!
%$7+#?%!+%.!%!&%++%!$7$868!8!7J!=8L#7(!8+67('!
[!8(!L#(6/=8!=7!&76/(8G7!=7+!$%#+7+!2/8!/(!
+%(8(! 6! 7(.#$#%+%0! 2/8! 8++8! +%(8(!
7((8"#(8&67! 7*"/(7+! L8G8+! %/6(%+! +%(8&+0! 2/8!
+8*7! L8&$8=%(! %/! 2/8! +8*7! .76#=%3! (7+! *7(7#+! +8!
$%=8('! =#G8(T! %! +%(8(! -%#! $(#7=%! $%(! "8/+! $7(7!
+8(!(%(6%!&7!"/8((7'!
@+!#&+6(/(8&6%+!2/8!7!&76/(8G7!&%+!=8/!&?%!
$%=8(! +8(! +8($(8! $7/+7+! -#&7#+! 8(! (%L#(8&6%0!
2/8! 68&+7(! 8-8#6%! #&-7*JL8*'!@+!%*+%+0!=7=%+!$7(7!
L8(0! &?%! 8+6?%! +8($(8! 7.8(6%+3! $7=7! +8&6#=%! 68(!
+8/+!(%(8&6%+!=8!(8$%/+%'!<Q#+68(!766!+8&6#=%+!
2/8! &/&$7! /+7(%+'! =%(! 8Q8($*%0! /(7! $%.(8!
#(.8$#*0! 8&$8((7=7! &/(! $%&L8&6%! 7%+! $76%(G8!
7&%+0! -8$+7! $7(7! +#! 7! $%(67! =8! %&=8! =8L8(#7! +7#(!
/(7! &%L7! "8(7>?%0! $7(7! +8($(83! (7+! 7! $7/+7!
-#&7*! &?%! =8#Q7! =8! +/.+#+6#(0! 8*7! 7"#('! *%"%! 2/8!
+8*7!*#L(8'!

248
+*28#&'

18! 6! $(8$#+%! /+7(! =8! -(7/=8+! $#8=%+7+! $%(! %!


$%L%'!
@! -72/#(! %7(.7.8-8! 8&$%&6(%/! /(! =#7! /(!
=%+! =#+$J$/*%+! =8! !%&":-/:6+8/0! 2/8! $+7(7(%+!
!%&-\$#%0! 8! 8++8! =#+$J$/*%! $+7(7L7:+8! C7&"3! 8!
%7(.7.8-8!+/+6#&+7!2/8!%!$%L%!68(!&8$8++#=7=8!
=8!+8(!8&"7&7=%0!8!C7&"!$(868&=#7!2/8!*7(7#+!+8!
=8L8! 8&"7&7(! 2/8(! 2/8(! 2/8! +8*73! 8! 8#+! 8(!
(8+/(%!7!+/7!=#+$/67'!
!2<"2"%#%!
[! $(8$#+%! #(#67(! %! <&68! 1/$(8(%0! 2/8! &?%!
&%+! (%+6(7! 7+! $%#+7+! 67#+! $%(%! +?%3! 8*8! &%+! -7G!
L8(! %! 1%*! +%.! /(! =#R(86(%! =8! =%#+! %/! 6(K+! $6+0!
&?%! %.+67&68! 8++8! 7+6(%! +8(! /(! (#*+?%! =8! L8G8+!
(7#%(! =%! 2/8! 7! -8((73! 8*8! &%+! -7G! L8(! 7! E/7! 8! 7+!
8+6(8*7+! =8#67=7+! +%.(8! /(! (8+(%! -/&=%! 7G/*0!
8&2/7&6%! &7! (87*#=7=8! 8+6?%! 7! =#+6R&$#7+!
=#-8(8&68+3! 2/8(! 2/8! /(7! 6%((8! 2/7=(7=7! &%+!
$7(8>7! (8=%&=7! =8! *%&"83! 2/8(! 2/8! %! -%"%! &%+!
$7(8>7! 2/8&680! 7$8+7(! =8! &?%! +8(! &8(! -(#%! &8(!
2/8&683!8&-#(!8*8!&%+!$8($7!=8!8((%+!$%&L8&#8&68+!
7!&%++7!&76/(8G7'!
$2(&!

249
B++%! 7! 2/8! $+7(7#+! 8((%! &?%! %! 6!
7.+%*/67(8&68'! @! 1%*0! 67*! $%(%! 8+6'! $%*%$7=%! 7!
(#*+M8+! =8! (#*+M8+! =8! *6"/7+! 7*6(! =%! &%++%!
"*%.%0! &?%! 6! %! 2/8! L8(%+'! 87*(8&680! &,+! &?%!
$8($8.8(%+0! &8(! $%=#7! =8#Q7(! =8! +K:*%0! +8&?%! %!
1%*!2/8!+8!"(7L7!8(!&%++7!(86#&70!+%.!/(!R&"/*%!
=868((#&7=%'! 5%++%+! %*+%+! &?%! &%+! -%(7(! =7=%+!
$7(7! $%&+8$8((%+! 7+! "(7&=8G7+! 8! 7+! =#+6R&$#7+3!
+?%! $(8$#+%+! %/6(%+! (8$/(+%+! 8! %$8(7>M8+! $7(7!
$%&+8$K:*7+'!
!!
%7(.7.8-8! -#$%/! (/#6%! 7=(#(7=%! =8++7+!
$(%$%+#>M8+'! C7&"0! 2/8! 8(7! (/#6%! $7$#8&680!
8Q$*#$%/:*+8! 7! 68%(#7! =7! ,6#$73! 8! %7(.7.8-80! 2/8!
6#&+7! /(! $8(6%! 6#&%0! (8&=8/:+8! V! 8L#=K&$#7! =7+!
=8(%&+6(7>M8+! =%! =#+$J$/*%! =8! !%&":-/:6+8/3! 8(!
+8"/#=7!(88&$86%/!7!=#+$/67!&8+68+!68((%+T!
!!
!2<"2"%#%!
18! "8/+! &?%! &%+! 8&"7&7! 2/7&6%! 7%+! &%++%+!
+8&6#=%+0! $%(%! 8/! $8&+7L70! =8L8#+! $%&L#(! 7%!
(8&%+! 8(! 2/8! %+! (6=#$%+! 8&"7&7(! +8($(8! 7+!
$(#7&>7+! $7(7! %! +8/!$(,$(#%!.8(T!=#G8(:*+8+!2/8!
*+8+! 8+6?%! =7&=%! 7>\$7(0! 8! &7! (87*#=7=8! 6(767:+8!
=8! (/#.7(.%'! =%(67&6%0! (8/! $7(%! -72/#(0! $%++%!
(/#6%! .8(! 8&"7&7(! %! $%L%0! 2/8! 6! 6?%! #"&%(7&68!
$%(%!7+!$(#7&>7+'!

250
$2(&!
-8&+%! =%#+! -#*+%+! 8! *7(7#+! %+! 8&"7&8#3! =#++8:
*+8+! 2/7&=%! 8+6#L8(7(! =%8&68+T! ,<#+! /(! (8(6=#%!
(/#6%! 7(7("%0! 6! $(8$#+%! 68(! $%(7"8(! $7(7! 6%(':
*%3!+8!-%++8!=%$8!L%+!-7(#7!(7*4'!5/&$7!7=(#6#!2/8!
+/7+! 7(7+! 8! +8/+! $(8$8$6%(8+! *+8+! (868++8(!
(8=%! $%&67&=%:*+8+! +#+6,(#7+! =8! -8#6#>7(#7+3! 6!
7++#(! 2/8! %+! $(#8#0! $%(%! $#=7=?%+! $%(7*%+%+! 8!
+'.#%+'!
!2<"2"%#%!
@! $%L%! &?%! &7+$8/! 6?%! -8*#G! $%(%! L%++7!
-7(J*#7'!
$2(&!
-%=%+!%+!+%(8&+!+8!$7(8$8(3!&7+$8(7(!$%(!
7+! (8+(7+! =#+$%+#>M8+'! @+! -72/#(8+! 6! 2/8!
$%((%($8(!7!&76/(8G7!=%+!+%(8&+!!
!2<"2"%#%!
<&+#&7(%+:*+8+! (/#6%+! 8((%+0! (8$%&+8>%:%3!
(7+! 6! $7(7! %! +8/! $(,$(#%! .8('! )7G8(%:*+8+! $(8(!
2/8! +8! &?%! $%($(7(8(! &%++%+! $(7L%+! .8&6%+0! +8!
&?%! 8Q$#7(8(! +8/+! $8$7=%+! =7&=%:&%+! =#&+8#(%0!
6%(&7(:+8:?%0! &7! %/6(7! L#=70! $7L7*%+! =8! $%+670!
$?8+!%/!*7"7(6%+T!#+6%!%+!#&6#(#=70!8!8&6?%!8*8+!+8!
6%(&7(!$8++%7+!=8!.8('!
$2(&!

251
#7+!&?%!$8($8.8#+!2/8!=8++7!-%((7!$8(L8(68#+!
8++7! $%.(8! "8&68U!<Q#+68(!8&6(8!%!$%L%0!(7#+!=%!
2/8! +8! $8&+70! $8++%7+! 2/8! (7$#%$#&7(0! 2/8!
G%(.7(!=8!L%++%+!$(7L%+0!=8!L%++%+!(#*7"(8+0!=8!
L%++7+! +/$8(+6#>M8+0! 2/8! LK8(! (/#6%! .8(! 2/8!
&?%!+8!#(?%!6(7&+-%((7(!&8(!8(!*7"7(6%+!&8(!8(!
$7L7*%+! =8! $%+67'! Y/8! 7$%&68$8U! <*7+! 6K(!
.7+67&68!.%(!+8&+%!$7(7!L8(!2/8!L,+!*+8+!$(8"7#+!
/(7! (8*#"#?%! #($8(6#&8&680! 8! &?%! %! 6K(0!
8&6(867&6%0! +/-#$#8&68! $7(7! +8! 8*8L7(! &/(7!
(8*#"#?%! $/(7! 8! #+8&67! =8! +/$8(+6#>M8+! $%(%! 6! 7!
&%++7'! 1/7+! $7#QM8+! *+8+! -7G8(! $8&+7(! 2/8! &?%!
8Q#+68! (8*#"#?%0! /(7! L8G! 2/8! 7! \&#$7! 2/8! *+8+!
8&+#&7(! 6! (#=J$/*73! 6%(&7#:L%+! $%#+! $/*$7=%! =8!
6%=%+!%+!LJ$#%+!7%+!2/7#+!8*7+!+8!76#(7('!
!2<"2"%#%!
"8!-%((7!7*"/(70!$%(2/7&6%!&,+!7$8&7+!*+8+!
8&+#&7(%+!/(7!.%7!(%(7*'!
$2(&!
18(J8#+! *7$#=7=%! $8*%! $%L%! +8! *+8! 8&+#&'++8#+!
/(7! (%(7*! #($/(7'! @+! +%(8&+! +?%! -8#6%+! =8!
-%((7! 67*! 2/8! 2/8(8(! $%(868(! %! (7*! (7+! &?%!
7=(#68(!2/8!*+%!$(8"/8(%+'!18(#7!+#($*8+(8&68!
&8$8++'(#%! &?%! #(#+$/#(! /(7! +'.#7! (%(7*! $%(!
-'./*7+! 7.+/(=7+0! $%#+! 8&-(72/8$8#+! $%(! L%++7+!
#($%+6/(7+0! =8! 2/8! $%=8(J8#+! L%+! 7.+68(0! 8++7!
(%(7*!2/8!+%#+!-%(>7=%+!7!8&+#&7('!

252
!2<"2"%#%!
!%(%X!7/*"7#+!2/8!+8!$%=8!8&+#&7(!7!L8(=7=8!
7%!$%L%!+8(!7!+/+68&67(!$8*7+!-'./*7+U!
$2(&!
!(8#%:%! -#((8(8&68'! 5%++%+! *86(7=%+! +?%! =7!
(8+(7! (7++7! 2/8! &%++%+! 7*-7#768+0! 6#&6/(8#(%+! 8!
$7($%&8+8+'! <=%(7(! /(! "8/+! $(#7=%(0!
(8(/&8(7=%(! 8! L#&"7=%(! <*8+! &?%! $%&67(#&7(! %!
+8/!$/*6%!$%(!+#+68(7+!7.+/(=%+!&8(!$8(#(O&#7+!
8Q6(7L7"7&68+3!8!+'!(/#6%!(8&%+!$(#(8+!8&6(8!%+!
*86(7=%+! 2/8! 8&6(8! %! $%L%'! =%(! 2/8! &?%! &%+!
=#"&7((%+! #&+6(/#(! &%++%+! %$8('(#%+! $%(%!
#&+6(/J(%+!&%++%+!*86(7=%+U!
!2<"2"%#%!
!%(868(J8#+! /(7! "(7&=8! 6%*#$83! 6! $%(%! +8!
$(868&=K++8#+!2/8!8*8+!6#L8++8(!7!(8+(7!$%*#=8G0!
2/8! -%++8(! */(#+$%&+/*6%+T! #++%! &?%! 6! $%++JL8*!
&8(!$%&L8&#8&68'![!$(8$#+%!2/8!8Q#+67!$?%!.(7&$%!
$7(7!%+!7(%+!8!$?%!&8"(%!$7(7!%+!=%(6+6#$%+'!
$2(&!
8$%&+8>%! 2/8! &8(! 6%=%+! %+! +%(8&+! =8L7(!
68(! %+! (8+(%+! $%&+8$#(8&6%+3! (7+! +'! $%#+7+!
&8$8++'(#7+! 7! 6%=%+'! [! &8$8++'(#%! 2/8! $7=7! /(!
+8*7!*/+6%0!8!7!(7&8#(7!(7#+!+8"/(7!=8!#&+$#(7(!7!
*/+6#>7! 7! 6%=%+! %+! +%(8&+! 6! #&+$#(7(:*+8+! 7!
(8*#"#?%!+8(!+/$8(+6#>?%'!

253
!2<"2"%#%!
[! /(! .8*%! $(%*86%0! (7+! #($(76#$'L8*'! 7/*"7#+!
2/8! +8*7! +/-#$#8&68! 7%+! +%(8&+! 7$(8=#67(! &/(!
"8/+! 2/8! $/&7! 8! (8$%($8&+8U! 5,+! (8! =#++8+68+!
7$%&68$8(! -(82Z8&68(8&68! 2/8! %+! (7#+! 7L#+7=%+!
8&6(8! %! $%L%! +8! (8L%*67(! $%&6(7! (#&+7+! -'./*7+3!
=7! (8+(7! -%((7! +8! (8L%*67(?%! $%&6(7! L%++7!
L8(=7=8'!"#(?%T!Y/8(!(8!$%=8!7++8"/(7(!2/8!/(!
"8/+! $/&8! 7! (8$%($8&+7U! @&=8! 8+6'! 7! $(%L7U!
Y/8! (#++?%! 68&=8+U! Y/8! (#*7"(8! -#G8+68+! $7(7!
2/8! 8/! L%+! $(8#7U! <*8+! G%(.7(?%! =8! L,+! (/#6%!
(7#+!=%!2/8!=8!(#(!!
$2(&!
<#+! %! L%++%! 8((%'! B(7"#&7#+! 2/8! +?%! =8!
+7$/=#(! %! */"%! =8! /(7! #=6#7! +%&8+670! L8(%++J(#*0!
\6#*! 7! 6%=7! "8&680! /(7! #=6#7!2/8!8+6'!8(!$8(-8#6%!
7$%(=%!$%(!7!(7G?%!+/(7&70!$%(!2/8!+8!(8*8#67(!
7+!$%#+7+!#&=8$%(%+7+0!7.+/(=7+0!#&\68#+0!&%$#L7+0!
2/8!-7G8(!-(8(#(!%!.%(!+8&+%'!
@!$%L%!8+6'!+8($(8!(/#6%!=#+$%+6%!7!$(8(!&%+!
(7"#+6(7=%+T! 2/7&=%! +8/+! (7"#+6(7=%+! &?%! *+8!
$(%$M8(! +8&?%! /(7! $(8&>7! (7G%'L8*0! 7$8#67:7! =8!
.%7! L%&67=83! 8++7! #=6#7! 6! (/#6%! &76/(7*! $7(7! +8(!
$%(.76#=7'! 5?%! 6! &8$8++'(#%! =#G8(! $(8$#+7(8&68!
$%(%! 6! 2/8! "8/+! $/&#('! 8! (8$%($8&+7('3! .7+67!
2/8! +8! $(8#7! 8(! +/7! */+6#>7'! <++8"/(%! L%+! 2/8! L#!
$#=7=8+! #&68#(7+! 2/8! &?%! 6#&+7(! %/6(%! =%"(70! 8!

254
+?%! 67(.6(! 72/8*7+! %&=8! (7#+! 8&$%&6(8#! 7!
L#(6/=8'!
!2<"2"%#%!
-%(7#! 68&6%3! 8&$%&6(7(8#+! &8++7+! $#=7=8+!
-#*,+%-%+!2/8!L%+!&8"7(?%!67&6%!7+!$8&7+!$%(%!7+!
(8$%($8&+8+'!
$2(&!
"8L8(J8#+! =#G8(! 2/8! 67#+! -#*,+%-%+! &8"7(#7(!
7#&=7! $%(! (7#%(! L#"%(! L%++7+! #&L8&>M8+3! 7++#(!
&7=7! */$(7#+! &8++8! $%&6%'! Y/7&=%! (8+(%!
8Q#+6#++8(!-#*,+%-%+!2/8!&?%!8+6#L8++8(!8(!7$%(=%!
$%(! (8/+! $(#&$J$#%+0! &?%! =8#Q7(#7(! =8! +8(!
$8++%7+! =8! .8(3! &?%! =8#Q7(#7(! =8! $/*6#L7(! 7!
L#(6/=80!2/8!=8L8('!+8(!7.(7>7=7!$%(!7(%(0!8!&?%!
$%(! (8=%'! #7+! 7-#((%:L%+! 2/8! -#*,+%-%! 7*"/(!
*7(7#+! 8+67('! $*8&7(8&68! $8(6%! =8! 2/8! 7!
=(%L#=K&$#7! &?%! (8+8(L8! $7+6#"%+! 7%+! (7/+! 8!
(8$%($8&+7+! 7%+! .%&+3! $%(2/8! +8! 8*8+! (8!
$8("/&67(8(! 2/8(! (8! =#++8! 2/8! "8/+! $/&80! 8/!
*+8+! $8("/&67(8#! 2/8(! *+8+! =#++8! 2/8! "8/+! &?%!
$/&8'! <&-#(0! 7++8"/(%:L%+! 2/8! %+! -#*,+%-%+! (8!
7/Q#*#7(?%0! *%&"8! =8! (8! $%&6(7=#G8(8('! Y/8(8#+!
+8(!-#*,+%-%U!
!2<"2"%#%!
!%(! 6%=%! "8+6%3! &?%! %! =#"7#+! $%(6(! 7%+!
-72/#(8+'!

255
+*("1&$*2-'#('&-3!*$1('?892"('

<+6?%! 8(! 6%=7! $7(680! (8/! $%.(8! =%/6%('!


Y/8(8+! +7.8(! $%(! 2/8! 68/+! $6+! %.8=8$8(! 7! 6/7!
L%&67=8!8!68/!-J"7=%!&?%U!"8+8*7+!+7.8(!$%(%!+8!
-%((7! %! $8&+7(8&6%! 8(! 68/! (#+8('L8*! 8&68&=#:
(8&6%! 8! 8+67! $(#7&>7! &%! \68(%! =8+67! (/*+8(U!
"%/:68! 68($%! $7(7! (8! (8+$%&=8(8+'! Y/8! 6! 7!
(766(#7U! "8G! (#*! 6(767=%+! 8+$(8L8(7(! 68/+!
$%*8"7+! 8(! 6%(&%! =%! 7++/&6%'! <&$%&6(7(7(!
7*"/(7+! 2/7*#=7=8+! =8++7! +/.+6R&$#7T! 7+!
$(#7&>7+!$%&+8$8(:&7+!67&6%!$%(%!6/'!#7+!7-#&7*!
2/8!6!8++7!+/.+6R&$#7U!<!2/8!L8(!7!+8(!#++%!2/8!
.76#G7+68!=8!8+$J(#6%0!=%!L%$'./*%!*76#&%!2/8!2/8(!
=#G8(!+%$(%0!&?%!*+8!=7&=%!&%(8!(8*+%(!$%(!&?%!
68(8+!7!(8&%(!#=6#7!=%!2/8!+8*7U!
@*+7! 8+68! "(?%! =8! 6(#"%! 2/8! *7&>%! V! 68((7! 8!
=#G8:(8! $%(%! $(8+$8! $7(7! $(%=/G#(! /(7! +7+68!
7$8&=%7=7! =8! /(7! 8+$#"7'! <Q$*#$7:(8! $%(%! 7!
(8+(7! 68((7! $(%=/G! /(7! (7>?! &%! 7*6%! =72/8*7!
7(L%(8! 8! &72/8*%/6(7! /(7! $7+67&+7'! =%=8(#7!
=8+-#7(:68! /(! #&-,*#%! =8! $8("/&67+! 7! 2/8! &?%!
=8L8(#7+! (8+$%&=8(! +8&?%! $%(! 8+67+! $7*7L(7+T!
57=7!+8#'!
5%! 8&67&6%! 6/! $%*7+68! "(7/0! 7((8#7+! $+7$6/!
7*6%!8!8&L8("7+!&7+,$/*%+0!8!68!$+7(7(!(8+6(8'!

256
<! 72/8*8! %/6(%! #($8(6#&8&680! $%(! 68(!
$%($(7=%! /(! $7("%0! $(8+/(8! +7L8(! $%($(7=%! %!
=#(8#6%!=8!*/*"7(!8!$%&=8&7(!%!2/8!&?%!8&68&=8#!
<!=#L#+7!=8!#%&67#"&8!8(7T!Y/8!+8#!8/U!<!6/7!
6T!Y/8!&?%!+8#!8/U!

257
7,.*$2'

%8&! 7*! %86#-0! =#"&%! $+8-8! =%+! =8(LJ+0! =#++8:


*+8+! /(! =#7T! ,#8/+! #((?%+0! (/#6%! $%&L8&#8&68! 6!
2/8! /+8#+! $%(! 6%=7! -(82ZK&$#7! 8+67! -,((/*7!
+7"(7=7!=%!&%++%!<*$%(?%T!<(!&%(8!=8!"8/+!(/#!
(#+8(#$%(=#%+%0! $%#+! "8/+! /+7! =8! (#+8(#$,(=#7! 8!
L,+! 7$(8&=8(8#+! 7! $(76#$':*7! $%(! (8$86#(!
-(82Z8&68(8&68! %+! 68((%+! 2/8! (8$%(8&=7(! /(7!
L#(6/=8! +8(! 7! 2/7*! $%/$%+! +%(8&+! (8+67(#7(!
+%.(8!7!68((7'!#7+0!(8/+!#((?%+0!7.+68&=8:L%+!=8!
#(#67(! 8++8+! 68(8('(#%+! 2/8! 7! 6%=%! 6(7&+8! +8!
*7$67(! =8! 6(7.7*+7(! $8*7! "*,(#7! =8! "8/+'! 18! /(!
*%L8(! #(.8$#*! +/+68&67! /(7! 68+8! +%.(8! 7+!
$768"%(#7+0! 68+8! $(8+#=#=7! $%(! /(! #"&%(7&68!
8&$7+7$7=%0! &?%! =8#Q7! =8! 8+$(8L8(! 8(! "(%++%+!
$7(7$68(8+! &%! $7.8>7*+%! =8! +/7! 68+8T! <&! <**7+!
7.(%&! =%Q7T! 7=! (7*%(8(! "8#! "*%(#7('! C(! .%(!
(/>/*(7&%! -8G! $#&67(! %! +8/! +7*?%! "(7L7&=%! 8(!
+/7!$%(67!8++7!6%*#$83!/(!+7$7!$7((8"7!'"/7!$7(7!
(7#%(! "*,(#7! =8! "8/+'! [! /(! $%+6/(8! J($#%0!
$#8=%+7(8&68! $%+6%! 8(! /+%'! Y/8! =#(J8#+! =8! /(!
$82/8&%! 6$+7/$+! 2/8! 7%! *#($7(! 7! $(#L7=7! =%!
&%++%! #*/+6(8! +/*6?%! "(#67++8T! ,=7(7! (7#%(! "*,(#7!
=%! &%++%! #&L8&$JL8*! (%&7($74U! N'! $8(67(8&68!
(7#%(! =#+6R&$#7! =%! +/*6?%! 7! "8/+! 2/8! =%! +/*6?%!
7%!$82/8&%!6$+7/$+'!
,Y/8!68&=8+!=8!$%(/(0!L8((8+!(#+8('L8#+!=7!
68((7! $+7(7=%+! +%(8&+0! $%(! 7! "*,(#7! =%! 18(!

258
B&-#&#6%U!=%=8!8*8!7(7(!7!"*,(#7U!=%=8!(8$8.K:*7!=8!
L,+U! =%=8! +7.%(8':*7U! <66! 2/7&=%0! .J$8=8+!
#($*/(8+0! -7(8#+! "8/+'! V! L%++7! #(7"8(U! !%(%X'!
=%(!+8(=8+!L?%+0!$%(2/8!7(7#+!7!"*,(#70!$(868&=8#+!
2/8! "8/+! 7! 7(8! 67(.6(! 18! 8Q#+6#++8(! L'(#%+!
=8/+8+0!$7=7!/(!=8*8+0!6!$%++JL8*0!$%=8(#7!=8+8*7(!
%.68(!%!+/-('"#%!=%+!+8/+!+8(8*+7&68+'!18(#7!8++7!
7! "*,(#7! =8! "8/+'! 18! +8! $/=8++8! $%($7(7(! 7!
"(7&=8G7! #&-#&#67! $%(! 7! 8Q6(8(7! .7#Q8G70! 8++8!
"8/+!+8(#7!$%(%!%!(8#!<*8Q7&=(8!%/!1$7&=8(0!2/8!
&?%! =8+8*7L7! 8&6(7(! 8(! *#=8! +8&?%!$%(!(8#+'!#7+!
L,+0! $%.(8+! =#7.%+0! 2/8! "*,(#7! $%=8(J8#+! =7(! 7!
"8/+U! !8++7#! =8! $(%-7&7(! %! +8/! &%(8! +7"(7=%'!
C(! #($8(7=%(! $+7(7=%! @6'L#%! </"/+6%! $(%#.#/!
2/8! %! *%/L7++8(! &7+! 8+$%*7+! =8! %(7! $%(! 68(8(!
2/8! +8/! &%(8! -%++8! 8&L#*8$#=%'! #7+! L,+! &?%!
$%=8#+!&8(!8&L#*8$8(!%!8&68!+/$(8(%!&8(!+%&(':
*%'!N/(#*+7#:L%+0!7=%(7#!8!$7*7#:L%+4'!
<++#(! -7*%/! %8&! 7*! %86#-3! 8! %+! =8(L#+!
8Q$*7(7(7(T! ,8*,(#7! 7! "8/+X! %8&! 7*! %86#-! .8(!
-7*%/4'!

259
7*242'

!%&+/*6%(8+! +7"(7=%+! =7! %(7! (%=8(&70!


#*/+6(8+! 8! #&-7*JL8#+! 68,*%"%+0! &#&"/6(! (7#+! =%!
2/8! 8/! (8+$8#67! L%++7+! =#L#&7+! =8$#+M8+3! (7+! +8!
=7/*%! <(J*#%0! !J$#?%0! !76?%0! !J$8(%0! !6+7(0! -#6%0!
-(7*7&%0!#7($%!</(6*#%!6%(&7++8(!7!8++7! %(7!7!
2/8! =8=#$7L7(! %/6(%(7! $8(6%! $(6=#6%0! +7LJ8#+! =8!
=#G8(:(8! 2/8! -#$7(#7(! /(! 67&6%! 7=(#(7=%+! =8!
L%++7+! =8$#+M8+! +%.(8!7+!"(7>7+'!Y/8!=#(#7(!8*8+!
+8!%/L#++8(!-7*7(!=7!"(7>7!=8!+7\=8!+8"/&=%!16%'!
-%('+!8!=7!"(7>7!(8=#$#&7*!+8"/&=%!!7*867&3!=7!
"(7>7! 8Q68(#%(! 8! #&68(#%(0! =7! "(7>7! "(76/#670! =7!
+7&6#-#$7&680!=7!76/7*0!=7!+7.#6/7*0!=7!$%%$8(7&683!
=7! 8-#$7G0! 2/8!7*"/(7+!L8G8+!&?%!+/(68!8-8#6%3!=7!
+/-#$#8&680! 2/8! V+! L8G8+! &?%! .7+673! =7! L8(+'6#*! 8!
=7! $O&"(/7U! <(! .%7! -60! $%($(88&=8(#7(! 8*8+!
(7#+!=%!2/8!8/!8!L,+U!
Y/8!&8$8++#=7=8!68(#7(!8++8+!$%.(8+!+%(8&+!
=8! L%++7+! #&+6(/>M8+! +/.*#(8+U! =7(8$8:(8! %/L#:
*%+!=#G8(T!
#8/+! (8L8(8&=%+! $7=(8+0! +%#+! /&+! "K&#%+!
68((JL8#+3!$8&+'L7(%+!6%*7(8&68!2/8!%!18(!<68(&%!
&?%!+8!"/#7!*7(7#+!$8*7+!*8#+!$7(6#$/*7(8+!$%(%!%+!
LJ+! +/(7&%+0! (7+! +#(! $%(! +/7+! *8#+! "8(7#+0!
868(&7+! $%(%! 8*8+'! 58&+/(! =8! &,+! *7(7#+!
#(7"#&%/! 2/8! "8/+! +8! 7++8(8*+7++8! 7! /(!
+/+8(7&%!#&+8&+76%!2/8!$%&$8=8!/(!$8$\*#%!7!/(!

260
8+$(7L%!8!(8$/+7!7*#(8&67>?%!7!%/6(%3!2/8!%(=8&7!
7%! (7&867! 7(7++7(:*+8! 7! -7(#&+70! 7! /(! (/=%!
2/8! *+8! *8#7! %! *%(&7*0! 7! /(! $8(&867! 2/8! *+8! +#(L7!
=8!(8&+7"8#(%'!
-/=%!6!"(7>7!=7!$7(68!=8!"8/+'!)8G0!7%!"*%.%!
2/8!+7.#67(%+0!7!"(7>7!=8!-%((':*%3!V+!'(L%(8+0!7!
"(7>7! =8! -7GK:*7+! $(8+$8(3! 7%+! 7&#(7#+! 7! =8! %+!
&/6(#('! #7+0! A! =#(:+8:'! A! &%! $7+%! =8! /(! *%.%!
8&$%&6(7(! &%! +8/! $7(#&+%! /(! $%(=8#(%! $7(7! +8/!
7*(%>%0!8&2/7&6%!%/6(%!*%.%!(%((8!=8!-%(80!68('!
-8#6%! "8/+! 7! 8++8! $(#(8#(%! *%.%! /(7! "(7>7!
$7(6#$/*7(U! -8(:+8:'! %$/$7=%0! $%(! /(7! "(7>7!
%.+82/#%+70! 8(! -7G8(! &7+$8(! /(! $7(L7*+%! =8!
$(8-8(K&$#7!7!%/6(%!$7(L7*+%!7%!2/7*!-7*6%/!+8#L7U!
18! 8(! 6%=7! 7! &76/(8G7! 6%=%+! %+! +8(8+! 8+6?%!
+/*8#6%+!V+!*8#+!"8(7#+0!$%(!2/8!(%6#L%!/(7!\&#$7!
8+$6$#8! $%&+6#6/#(#7! 8Q$8>?%U! =%(! 2/8! =8L8(#7! %!
+8&+%(! 7.+%*/6%! =8! 6/=%! %$/$7(:+8! (7#+! 8(!
=#(#"#(! %! #&68(#%(! =8! /(! \&#$%! +%(8(! =%! 2/8!
$%&=/G#(! %! (8+6%! =7! &76/(8G7! #&68#(7U! =%(! 2/8!
8Q6(7L7"R&$#7! (/=7(#7! 8*8! 7*"/(7! $%#+7! &%!
$%(7>?%!=8!/(!$/(*7&=K+!%/!.#+$7#&+%0!8&2/7&6%!
&7=7! (%=#-#$7! =7+! *8#+! 2/8! #($O+! 7! 6%=%+! %+!
7+6(%+U!
Y/8!(#+6(#7!%!+/$%(!2/8!8*8!-7G0!=8+-7G0!(8-7G!
$%&6#&/7(8&68! &%++%+! +8&6#(8&6%+X! <! 2/8!
7/='$#7! %! &%+! */*"7((%+! V! $7(68! =8! 6%=%+! %+!
+8(8+X! <#&=7! &?%! 6! +8&?%! $7(7! 72/8*8+! 2/8!
$%&-8++7(! +8(8(! 6%=7+! 8++7+! (/=7&>7+!

261
#(7"#&7=7+'! C(! +7L%#7&%0! /(! .8("7('+#%0! 68('!
&7! +8"/&=7! -8#(7! 7! "(7>7! =8! (7&=7(! =#G8(! /(7!
(#++7! $%(! =%G8! +%*=%+3! &7! 68(>7! #('! V! 67+$70! 8! 7!
"(7>7! *+8! -7*67('3! &7! 2/7(67! 68('! /(7! "(7>7!
$%%$8(7&68!2/8!%!$%&=/G#('!V!$%&-#++?%0!(7+!&?%!
68('! 7! "(7>7! 8-#$7G! =7! $%&6(#>?%! $8(-8#673! &7!
2/#&67!-8#(7!+7L8('!/(7!"(7>7!+/-#$#8&68!2/8!&?%!
*+8! .7+67('0! $%(%! *'! =#++8(%+'! "8/+! 6(7.7*+7('!
$%&6#&/7(8&68! &%! $6(8.(%! =8++8! .8("7('+#%0! %(7!
$%(! 8&8("#70! %(7! =8.#*(8&680! 8! %! (8+6%! =7! 68((7!
&7=7!+8('!$7(7!8*8X!5?%!+8!=#"&7('!#(#+$/#(:+8!&%!
#&68(#%(! =%+! +#&=/+! 8! =%+! $+#&8+8+X! 18! 7#&=7! L%+!
+%.(7(! /(7! $7(6J$/*7! =8! (7G?%0! (8/+! (8L8(8&=%+!
$7=(8+0!&?%!7$+7#+!8++8!+#+68(7!$(%=#"#%+7(8&68!
(#=J$/*%U!
"8+"(7>7=%+0!L8=8!8++8!$7(L7*+%!2/8!7*8L7&67!
7! -(%&=8! V+! &/L8&+! 8! 8++8! $7&#>%! 2/8! (7+68*7! 7!
+8/+!$6+X!5?%!=#(8#+!2/8!7!"(7>7!8-#$7G!-%#!=7=7!7%!
$7(L7*+%! 8! -7*6%/! 7%! $7&#>%'! <*8L7#! %+! %*+%+! 7%!
$6/0! L8=8! %! 868(&%! =8(#/("%! $(#7&=%! (#*+M8+! =8!
(/&=%+!2/8!"(7L#67(!6%=%+!8&6(8!+#!(8($K!=8!*8#+!
"8(7#+! 8! 868(&7+'! 58=8! 7! (8+(7! */G! (8-*86#(:+8! =%!
1%*!7!176/(&%!8!=8!176/(&%!7!&,+3!80!&8++8!7$%(=%!
=8! 67&6%+! 7+6(%+! 7((7+67=%+! $%(! /(7! ('$#=7!
$%((8&680! &8++7! %.8=#K&$#7! "8(7*! =8! 6%=7! 7!
&76/(8G70!%/+7#!$(8(0!+8!%!$/=8(=8+0!2/8!"8/+!+8!
%$/$7! 8(! $%&$8=8(! /(7! "(7>7! L8(+'6#*! 7! +,(%(!
-8(8+7!8!/(7!"(7>7!$%&$%(#67&68!7!+,(%(!B&K+'!

262
D6%(%0! 7! 2/8(! /(! 6%*%! '6%(%! =#++8! 2/8! %!
<68(&%! 68(! *8#+! $7(6#$/*7(8+! $7(7! 7*"/&+! '6%(%+!
=8! 6/7! L#G#&+7&>73! 2/8! 8*8! $%&$8=8! +/7! "(7>7!
V2/8*8! 8! &8"7:7! 7! 8+683! 2/8! 72/8*8! 2/8! &?%!
$%++/J7! "(7>7! %&68(! 6K:*7:'! 7(7&+?0! A! &?%!
(8$#67+! 8++7! 6%*#$8'! "8/+! -8G! %! /&#L8(+%! 8! &?%!
$(#7('!L8&6%+!&%L%+!$7(7!(8(%L8(!7*"/&+!"(7L86%+!
=8! $7*+7! &/(! $7&6%! =8++8! /&#L8(+%'! @+! 68,*%"%+!
+?%! $%(%! %+! $%(.768&68+! =8! N%(8(%0! 2/8!
7$(8=#67L7(! 2/8! +8/+! =8/+8+! %(7! +8! 7((7L7(!
$%&6(7!8*8+0!%(7!7!+8/!-7L%('!18!N%(8(%!&?%!-%++8!
$%&+#=8(7=%! $%(%! $%8670! +8:*%:#7! $%(%!
.*7+-8(7=%('!
[! #7($%! </(6*#%! 2/8(! -7*7! 8! &?%! 8/T! $%(2/8!
"8/+0! 2/8! L%+! #&+$#(70! (8! $%&$8=8! 7! "(7>7! =8!
7$(8=#67(!8(!6/=%!%!2/8!=#G8#+0!6/=%!%!2/8!68&=8+!
=#6%0!6/=%!%!2/8!=#++8(=8+'!

263
78&**2'

<! (#+6(#70! 7! $8+68! 8! 7! "/8((7! +?%! %+! 6(K+!


#&"(8=#8&68+! (7#+! -7(%+%+! =8+68! (/&=%! L#*'!
=%=8(:+8! $%*%$7(! &7! $*7++8! =7! (#+6(#7! 6%=7+! 7+!
('+! 7*#(8&67>M8+! 7! 2/8! 7! $8&\(#7! &%+! -%(>7! 7!
(8$%((8(!$7(7!7.(8L#7(!&%++7!L#=7!&7!8+$8(7&>7!=8!
7!+/+68('!
!%($(88&=8(:+8! &7! $8+68! 6%=7+! 7+! =%8&>7+!
$%&67"#%+7+0!2/8!+?%!8(!&\(8(%!=80!=%#+!%/!6(K+!
(#*'!<++8+!=%#+!$(8+8&68+!&%+!LK(!=7!=(%L#=K&$#70!
<!"/8((70!$%(6(0!2/8!(8\&8!6%=%+!8++8+!=%&+0!&%+!
L8(! =7! #(7"#&7>?%! =8! 6(8G8&67+! %/!2/76(%$8&67+!
$8++%7+! =#++8(#&7=7+! $8*7! +/$8(-J$#8! =%! "*%.%!
+%.! %! &%(8! =8! $(J&$#$8+! %/! (#&#+6(%+3! 6!
$(%L7L8*(8&68! $%(! 8++7! (7G?%! 2/8! 8(! L'(#7+!
=8=#$76,(#7+! +8! $+7(7(! #(7"8&+! L#L7+! =7!
"#L#&=7=8.H/3'!
@! (7#+! =868((#&7=%! 7=/*7=%(! $%&L#('! +8(!
8+-%(>%!8(!2/8!7!"/8((7!7$7((867!+8($(8!7!$8+68!
8! 7! (#+6(#70! $%(! $%/$%! 2/8! 68&+7! L#+6%! %+!
+%+$#67#+! =%+! 8Q6($#6%+! =7! <*8(7&+7.H930! %/! 2/8!
68&+7! $7++7=%! 8(! 7*=8#7+! %&=8! +8! -8G! 7*"/(!
"(7&=8!(%L#(8&6%!(#*#67('!
[! +8(! =\L#=7! /(7! .8*7! 7(68! 7! =8! =8+%*7(! %+!
$7($%+0! =8+6(/#(! 7+! $7+7+! 8! -7G8(! (%((8(0!
7&/7*(8&680!2/7(8&67!(#*!+%(8&+!+%.(8!$8(!(#*'!
<!$(#&$#$#%!8++7!#&L8&>?%!-%#!$/*6#L7=7!$%(!&7>M8+!
264
(8/&#=7+! $7(7! %! .8(! $%(/(3! $%(! 8Q8($*%0! 7!
=#867! =%+! "(8"%+! =8$*7(%/! V! =#867! =7! )(J"#7! 8! =%+!
$%L%+! L#G#&+%+! 2/8! #7! $7(6#(! &/(! (#*+8#(%! =8!
.7($%+! =8! $8+$7! 7! -#(! =8! %+! 8Q68((#&7(0! +8! %!
$/=8++8'!
@! $%L%! (%(7&%! (8/&#=%! */*"%/! +8(! =8! +8/!
#&68(8++8! #(! $%(.768(! 7&68+! =7! $%*+8#67! $%&6(7! %!
$%L%! =%+! L6#%+! %/! $%&6(7! %+! L%*+$%+'! <0! 7*"/&+!
7&%+! 7&68+0! 6%=%+! %+! (%(7&%+0! 8+67&=%!
8&$%*8(#G7=%+! $%&6(7! 6%=%+! %+! $7(67"#&8+8+0!
.768(7(:+8! *%&"%! 68($%! 8(! (7(! 8! 8(! 68((7'! 5?%!
+/$8=8!%!(8+(%!+%*8!8(!=#7'!
C(! "8&87*%"#+67! $(%L7! 7! /(! $(J&$#$8! 2/8!
8+68! =8+$8&=8! 8(! *#&+7! (867! =8! /(! $%&=8! $/*%+!
$7#+! 6#&+7(! -8#6%! /(! $7$6%! =8! -7(J*#70! +'!
6(8G8&6%+!%/!2/76(%$8&6%+!7&%+0!$%(!/(7!$7+7!=8!
2/8!&8(!+82/8(!8Q#+68!(8(,(#7'!<++7!$7+7!6#&+7!
L7+67+! $(868&+M8+! +%.(8! /(7! $(%LJ&$#7! $/*%!
\*6#(%!$%++8++%(!(%((8/!=8!7$%$*8Q#7T!%!$(J&$#$8!
8! +8/! $%&+8*+%! $%&$*/8(! +8(! =#-#$/*=7=8! 2/8!
8++7! $(%LJ&$#7! *+8! $8(68&$8! $%(! =#(8#6%! =#L#&%'!
<++7! $(%LJ&$#70! 2/8! 8+6'! +#6/7=7! 7! 7*"/(7+!
$8&68&7+! =8! *6"/7+0! $8(=8! +8/! 68($%! 8(!
$(%68+67(! 2/8! &?%! %! $%&+8$80! 2/8! &?%! 68(!
&8&+/(! =8+8*%! =8! L#(! 7! +8(! "%L8(&7=7! $%(! 8*83!
2/80!$7(7!=7(!*8#+!V!"8&680!6!$(8$#+%!7%!(8&%+!68(!
%! +8/! $%&+8&6#(8&6%T! 67#+! =#+$/(+%+! $+8"7(! 7%+!
%/L#=%+! =%! $(J&$#$80! $/*%! =#(8#6%! 6! #&$%&68+6'L8*'!
<+68!8&$%&6(7!#(8=#767(8&68!/(!"(7&=8!&\(8(%!

265
=8! +%(8&+! 2/8! &7=7! 6K(! 2/8! -7G8(! &8(! 2/8!
$8(=8(3!L8+68:%+!$%(!/(!"(%++%!$7&%!7G/*!7!$8&6%!
8! =8G! +%*=%+! $7=7! /(0! .%(=7! +8/+! $+7$6/+! $%(!
-#%!.(7&$%!%(=#&'(#%0!-':*%+!(7&%.(7(!/(!$%/$%!8!
(7($+7!$7(7!7!"*,(#7'!
@+! %/6(%+! $(J&$#$8+! 2/8! %/L8(! -7*7(! =8++8!
8Q6($#6%!6%(7(!$7(68!&8*80!$7=7!/(!+8"/&=%!+8/!
$%=8(0!8!$%.(8(!/(7!$82/8&7!$*7&J$#8!=%!$7J+!=8!
67&6%+! (767=%(8+! (8($8&'(#%! $%(%! 88&"#+! !?0!
-7(8(*?%0!%7*7G6+!*7(7#+!6#L8(7(!8(!+8/!+62/#6%'!
=%L%+!.7+67&68!7-7+67=%+!%/L8(!=#G8(!2/8!L7#!
+7L8(!"/8((7!8!2/8!+'!$#&$%!%/!+8#+!+%*=%+!=#'(#%+!
7! "7&+7(! +8! 2/#+8(8(! $7(6#$#$7(! =7! $%#+7T!
=#L#=8(:+8! =8&6(%! 8(! $%/$%! 8(! =%#+! .7&=%+0!
$%(%!$8#-8#(%+0!8!L?%!L8&=8(!+8/+!+8(L#>%+!7!2/8(!
%+!2/8#(7!8($(8"7('!
<&6?%!8++7+!(/*6#=M8+!+8!76#(7(!/(7+!$%&6(7!
%/6(7+0! &?%! +,! +8(! 68(! #&68(8++8! 7*"/(! &%!
$(%$8++%0!(7+!+8(!(8+(%!+7.8(!=%!2/8!+8!6(767'!
1?%!+8#+!$%6K&$#7+!.8*#"8(7&68+!7%!(8+(%!68($%0!
%(7! 6(K+! $%&6(7! 6(K+0! %(7! =/7+! $%&6(7! 2/76(%0! %(7!
/(7! $%&6(7! $#&$%0! =868+67&=%:+8! 6%=7+!
#"/7*(8&68!8&6(8!+#0!/&#&=%:+8!8!767$7&=%!6/(&%!7!
6/(&%3! 6%=7+! =8! 7$%(=%! &/(! \&#$%! $%&6%0! %! =8!
-7G8(!6%=%!%!(7*!$%++JL8*'!
@! (7(7L#*+%+%! =8++7! 8($(8+7! #&-8(&7*! 6! 2/8!
$7=7! $+8-8! =%+! (767=%(8+! -7G! .8&G8(! +/7+!

266
.7&=8#(7+! 8! #&L%$7! +%*8&8(8&68! 7! "8/+! 7&68+! =8!
#(!8Q68((#&7(!%!$(,Q#(%'!
18! /(! $+8-8! &?%! 68L8! 7! -8*#$#=7=8! =8! -7G8(!
=8"%*7(! +8&?%! =%#+! %/! 6(K+! (#*! +%(8&+0! &?%!
7"(7=8$8!7!"8/+3!(7+!7++#(!7*$7&$8!/(!76#L%!=8!
/&+!=8G!(#*!8Q68((#&7=%+!$8*%!-%"%!8!$8*%!-8((%0!8!
$%(! $\(/*%! =8! "(7>7! 7*"/(7! $#=7=8! +8*7!
6%67*(8&68! =8+6(/J=70! 8&6?%! $7&67:+8! 7%+! 2/76(%!
L8&6%+!/(7!*%&"7!$7&>?%0!$%($%+67!&/(7!*J&"/7!
=8+$%&+8$#=7! =8! 6%=%+! %+! 2/8! $%(.768(7(! 8!
(8$*867! =8! .7(.7(#+(%+'! <! (8+(7! $7&>?%! +8(L8!
67&6%! $7(7! %+! $7+7(8&6%+! %/! &7+$#(8&6%+! $%(%!
$7(7! 7+! (%(68+T! %! 2/8! 6! #($8(=%'L8*0! +%.(86/=%!
&7!&7>?%!(7#+!-7(%+7!$%(!+/7+!&%L7+!$7&>M8+'!
=7"7:+8! $%(! 6%=7! $7(68! /(! $8(6%! &\(8(%! =8!
7(8&"7=%(8+! 7! -#(! =8! $8*8.(7(! 8++7+! *%(&7=7+!
(%(6J-8(7+3! /&+! L8+68(:+8! $%(! *%&"%+! "#.M8+!
$(86%+0! 8&$#(7=%+! $%(! /(7! $7$7! $/(673! %/6(%+!
/+7(! /(7! $7(#+7! $%(! $#(7! =7! (%/$73! %/6(%+!
*8L7(! /(! 6#(7&68! (76#G7=%! $%(! $#(7! =7! $7(#+7'!
-%=%+!-7*7(!(/#6%3!$#67(!%!2/8!+8!-8G!%/6(%(7!&7!
=7*8+6#&70! 7! $(%$,+#6%! =8! /(! $%(.768! 8(!
5868('L#7'!
@! (8+6%! =%! 7&%! 8++8+! #&=#LJ=/%+! =8$*7(7(!
$%&6(7! %+! LJ$#%+'! =(%L7(! 8(! 6(K+! $%&6%+! 8! $%(!
7&6J68+8+! 2/8! 7+! =7(7+! 2/8! 8+$7*+7(!
*#"8#(7(8&68!/(!$%/$%!=8!$7((#(!&7+!.%$+8$+7+!
+8(?%!%.*86%!=8!868(&7+!L#&"7&>7+!=%!<68(&%3!2/8!

267
=%*#8/6%! 8! <6'*#7! +?%! %.(7+! =8(%&J7$7+3! 2/8! /(!
+%(8(!2/8!(7&=7!$O(!+%.(8!+/7!(8+7!=/G8&6%+!
8+$/=%+! =8! $8#Q8! -(8+$%! &/(! =#7! =8! 2/7(8+(7!
.8&8-#$#7!+/7!+7\=80!8!2/8!/(!$%.(8!+%(8(!2/8!
$%(8! =%#+! +%*=%+! =8! $7(&8#(%! #('! $7(7! +8($(8! 7!
6%=%+!%+!=#7.%+'!
"8! $#&$%! %/! +8#+! (#*! =8$*7(7>M8+! =8++7!
8+$6$#80! 7$8&7+! 8Q#+68(! 6(K+! %/! 2/76(%0!
$%($%+67+!$%(!/(!"7/*K+!$+7(7=%!#7++#*?%0!2/8!
/(! +%(8(! +%&8+6%! $%=8! *8(! +8(! =8+"%+6%3! (7+!
8(! 6%=%+! 8++8+! =#+$/(+%+! &?%! +'! /(! +,! %(7=%(!
2/8! %/+8! #&+/("#(:+8! $%&6(7! 8++8! -*7"8*%! 8! 8++8!
$(#(8! =7! "/8((70! 2/8! $%&66(! 6%=%+! %+! -*7"8*%+! 8!
6%=%+! %+! $(#(8+'! @+! =8+"(7>7=%+! 7(8&"7=%(8+!
-7*7(! +8(! $8++7(! $%&6(7! %! 7(%(0! 2/8! 6! 7! \&#$7!
$%&+%*7>?%!=%!"K&8(%!+/(7&%!8!7!\&#$7!(7&8#(7!
=8! %! (8$7(7(3! &7=7! =#G8(! =%+! 8+-%(>%+!
7.%(#&'L8#+!2/8!-7G8(%+!$7(7!=8+6(/J:*%'!
)#G8+68+! /(! $6++#(%! +8((?%! +%.(8! 7!
#($/(8G70! ,! %%/(=7*%/8X! (7+! &8&+/(! +%.(8!
8++7+! (%(68+! L7(#7=7+! 8(! 67&6%+! */"7(8+0! +%.(8!
8++7+! (7$#&7+0! +%.(8! 8++8+! .7&=#6#+(%+0! +%.(8!
8++7! (7#L7! /&#L8(+7*! 2/8! =8+%*7! %! (/&=%'! -%=%+!
%+! LJ$#%+! (8/&#=%+! =8! 6%=7+! 7+! #=7=8+! 8! =8! 6%=%+!
%+! */"7(8+! *7(7#+! #"/7*7(?%! %+! (7*8+! $(%=/G#=%+!
$%(!/(7!\&#$7!$7($7&+7'!
##+8('L8*! (,=#$%! =8! 7*(7+0! "(#67#+! =/(7&68!
$#&$%! 2/7(6%+! =8! +%(7! $%(! $7/+7! =8! 7*"/(7+!

268
$#$7=7+! =8! 8+$#&+%! 8! &7=7! =#G8#+! +%.(8! 7!
8&-8((#=7=8! 2/8! &%+! 8+6(7>7*+7! 8(! (#*! $8=7>%+X!
)#*,+%-%+! (%(7*#+67+0! 2/8#(7#! 6%=%+! %+! L%++%+!
*#L(%+0! <&2/7&6%! %! $7$(#$+%! =8! 7*"/&+! +%(8&+!
-#G8(! *87*(8&68! =8"%*7(! (#*+7(8+! =8! &%++%+!
$%&-(7=8+0!7!$7(68!=%!"K&8(%!+/(7&%!$%&+7"(7=7!
7%! +8(%J+(%! +8('! %! 2/8! =8! (7#+! 7-(%&6%+%! 8Q#+68!
8(!6%=7!7!&76/(8G7'!
Y/8! +?%0!2/8!(8!#($%(67(!7!+/(7&#=7=80!7!
.8&8-#$K&$#70! 7! (%=6+6#70! 7! 68($8(7&>70! 7!
=%>/(70!7!+7.8=%(#70!7!$#8=7=80!2/7&=%!(8#7!*#.(7!
=8! $+/(.%! 76#(7=7! =8! +8#+$8&6%+! $7++%+! (8!
#&/6#*#G7! %! $%($%! 8! (%((%! 7%+! L#&68! 7&%+! 8&6(8!
$7=8$#(8&6%+!#&8Q$(#(JL8#+0!&%!(8#%!=8!$#&$%!%/!
+8#+!(#*!7"%&#G7&68+0!8&2/7&6%!(8/+!%*+%+!2/8!+8!
7.(8(! $8*7! \*6#(7! L8G! LK8(! 7! $#=7=8! 8(! 2/8!
&7+$#! =8+6(/J=7! $8*%! -%"%! 8! $8*7+! $+7(7+0! 8! %+!
=8((7=8#(%+! +%&+! 2/8! (8/! %/L#=%! $8($8.8! +?%!
"(#6%+!=8!(/*+8(8+!8!=8!$(#7&>7+!2/8!8Q$#(7(!+%.!
7+!(/J&7+0!6/=%!$8*%+!$(868&+%+!#&68(8++8+!=8!/(!
+%(8(!2/8!&?%!$%&+8$8(%+U!
<! %! 2/8! 6! $#%(0! 7! "/8((7! 6! /(! -*7"8*%!
#&8L#6'L8*0!18!%.+8(L7((%+!.8(0!6%=%+!%+!+%(8&+!
7=%(7(7(!%!=8/+!#7(68'!17.7%680!8&6(8!%+!*/=8/+0!
+#"&#-#$7! %! =8/+! =7+! 7((7+3! (7+! ##&8(L70! 8(!
N%(8(%0! $%&+#=8(7! #7(68! /(! =8/+! -/(#%+%0!
#&+8&+76%!8!#&-8(&7*'!

269
?$-1.*$2'#(-'*&$-';8#&8-'&'32*2,$3&9&"(-'

-%=%+! %+! $%L%+! 8+$(8L8(7(! +/7! +#+6,(#70!


=8+=8! 2/8! %! $/=8(7(! -7G8('! @+! */=8/+! 67(.6(!
8+$(8L8(7(!7!+/7'!<&68+!2/8!6#L8++8(!(8#+!L#L#7(!
+%.! %! (8"#(8! 68%$(J6#$%3! 8(7(! */*"7=%+! 8!
"%L8(&7=%+!$8*%!$(,$(#%!"8/+'!
Y/7&=%!%+!*/=8/+!=8+8*7(7(!/(!(8#!$%(%!%+!
$%L%+! +8/+! L#G#&+%+0! %! $(%-867! 17(/8*! =8$*7(%/:
*+8+! =7! $7(68! =8! "8/+! 2/8! 8*8+! (8*8#67L7(! %!
$(,$(#%! "8/+T! 7++#(! -#&=%/! 7! 68%$(7$#7! 8&6(8! %+!
*/=8/+!2/7&=%!68L8!$(#&$J$#%!7!(%&7(2/#7'!
=%=8(:+8:#70! $%#+0! =#G8(! +8(! .*7+-8(7(! 2/8! 7!
+#+6,(#7! =%+! (8#+! */=8/+! -%#! 8+$(#67! $%(%! 7! =%+!
%/6(%+!$%L%+0!8!2/8!"8/+!&?%!+8!=8/!7%!6(7.7*+%!
=8!$%&67(0!8*8!(8+(%0!7!+#+6,(#7!=8!/(!$%L%!2/8!
*'!&?%!"%L8(&7L7'!
[! $%(! 8Q6(8(7! =8+$%&-#7&>7! 2/8! +8! 7L8&67!
8++7!%$#&#?%'!@!2/8!7!$%=8(#7!$%&-#((7(!6!2/8!%+!
=7(7*#$O(8&%+! $%&6(7=#G8(! -(82Z8&68(8&68! %!
E#L(%! =%+! 8#+! &7! $(%&%*%"#7! 8! &%+! -76%+0! 7++#(!
$%(%! %+! &%++%+! +#+6%(#7=%(8+! $(%-7&%+! +8!
$%&6(7=#G8(! 7*"/(7+! L8G8+'! "8(7#+0! +8! "8/+!
+8($(8! 8+$(8L8/! 7! +#+6,(#7! =%+! */=8/+0! +8('!
$(8$#+%!$(8(0!$%(67&6%0!2/8!$%&6#&/7!7!8+$(8LK:*70!
$%(2/8! %+! */=8/+! $%&6#&/7(! 7! +8(! %! +8/! $%L%!
2/8(#=%'! <*8+! =8L8(:+8:?%! $%&L8(68(! /(! =#7! 8!
$7(8$8! 2/8! 8&6?%! 8+67(?%! 67(.6(! &%! =#(8#6%! =8!
270
$%&+#=8(7(! 7! +#+6,(#7! =8! +/7! =#+$8(+?%! $%(%!
+7"(7=70! 7++#(! $%(%! 6K(! =#(8#6%! =8! =#G8(! 2/8!
"8/+!8+$(8L8/!7!+#+6,(#7!=%+!+8/+!(8#+'!
=%=8:+8! 7#&=7! -7G8(! /(7! (8-*8Q?%T! 6! 2/80!
68&=%! +#=%! "8/+! %! +8/! \#$%! (8#! =/(7&68! *%&"%!
68($%! 8! 8(! +8"/#=7! +8/! +#+6%(#7=%(0! =8L8(8(%+!
68(! $7(7! $%(! 6%=%+! %+! */=8/+! %! (7#+! $(%-/&=%!
(8+$8#6%'! 5?%! +'! 7*"#.8.8! */=8/! 2/8! &?%! 8+68*7!
#&-#&#67(8&68! 7$#(7! =8! !6+7(! 8! <*8Q7&=(8'! !%(%!
8L#67(! $(%+68(&7(:+8! =#7&68! =8! /(! 7=8*%! 2/8! L%+!
$(%L7! 2/8! +/7! +#+6,(#7! -%#! 8+$(#67! $8#7! $(,$(#7!
"#L#&=7=80! 8&2/7&6%! 7+! +#+6,(#7+! "(8"7+! 8!
(%(7&7+! &?%! &%+! -%(7(! 6(7&+(#6#=7+! +8&?%! $%(!
$(%-7&%+U!
18! %! 8+6#*%! =7! N#+6,(#7! =%+! 8#+! 8! =%+!
=7(7*#$O(8&%+! 6! =#L#&%0! 7+! 7>M8+! (8*767=7+!
&8++7+! +#+6,(#7+! &7=7! 6K(! =8! =#L#&%'! "7L#!
7++7++#&7! C(#7+3! B+.%+868! 8! ##-#.%+868! +?%!
7++7++#&7=%+3! <.+7*?%! 7++7++#&7! <(?%3! 7%7.8!
7++7++#&7! <.+7*?%3! 17*%(?%! 7++7++#&7! <=%&#7+0!
+8/! #((?%3! %77+7! 7++7++#&7! 57=7.83! `7(.(#!
7++7++#&7! <*73! <((#! 7++7++#&7! `7(.(#3! <$7.8!
7++7++#&7! 57.%683! 78\! 7++7++#&7! <$7.8! 8! 7%(R(3!
%+!+7.#67&68+!=8!78(/+7*6(!7++7++#&7(!<(7G#7+0!
-#*+%! =8! 7%7+3! 18*/(0! -#*+%! =8! 77.8+0! 7++7++#&7!
`7$7(#7+0! -#*+%! =8! 78(%.%?%3! #7&7K(! 7++7++#&7!
18*/(0! -#*+%! =8! 77.8+3! )7$8/0! -#*+%! =8! %(6*#%0!
7++7++#&7!)7$6#70!-#*+%!=8!#7&7K(3!@G8/0!-#*+%!=8!
<*70! 7++7++#&7! )7$8/0! -#*+%! =8! %(6*#%'!

271
1#*8&$#7(%+! %/6(%+! $7(='$#%+! =8! 7++7++J&#%+'! [!
$(8$#+%! $%($(88&=8(! 2/8! +8! %! <+$J(#6%! 17&6%!
8+$(8L8/!8++7!+#+6,(#70!&?%!8+$%*+8/!/(!7++/&6%!
(/#6%!8=#-#$7&68'!

272
!#(,(<'$#.,21*2<'$#(,21*$2'

B=%*%! L8(! =%! "(8"%! ,8#=%+40! -#"/(73! ,8#=%*%+40!


(8$(8+8&67>?%! =8! /(7! -#"/(73! ,*76(8/8#&40! +8(L#(0!
(8L8(8&$#7(0! 7=%(7(0! @! 68((%! 7=%(7(! 6! *76#&%0!
8Q#+6#&=%! L'(#7+! 7$8$>M8+! =#-8(8&68+T! +#"&#-#$7!
*8L7(!7!(?%!V!.%$7!-7*7&=%!$%(!(8+$8#6%0!$/(L7(:
+80! 7*%8*+7(:+80! +7/=7(! 80! 8&-#(0! $%(/(8&680!
(8&=8(!/(!$/*6%!+/$(8(%'!
[! \6#*! 7++#&7*7(! 72/#! 2/8! %! "#$6#%&&7#(8! =8!
-(6L%/Q!$%(8>7!8++8!7(6#"%!$%(!=#G8(!2/8!6%=%+!%+!
$7"?%+! 8(7(! #=,*76(7+! 8! 2/8! %+! +#&=/+! 7#&=7! %!
+?%'! =(#(8#(7(8&680! &?%! +8! $+7(7L7! $7"?%! 7!
&#&"/6(! 7&68+! =8! -8%=,+#%! %! 7%L8(3! 8++8! &%(8!
-%#! =7=%! 8&6?%! 7%+! +7.#67&68+! =%+! ./("%+! =7!
B6'*#70!$7"%(/(!#&$%*780!$7"7&#0!2/8!$%&+8(L7L7(!
+/7!7&6#"7!(8*#"#?%'!<(!+8"/&=%!*/"7(0!%!B&=%+6?%!
6! (7%(867&%! 8! %+! (7%(867&%+! +?%! #&#(#"%+!
#($*7$'L8#+! =7+! #(7"8&+! 8! =7! #=%*76(#7'! -8($8#(%0!
&?%! +8! =8L8! $+7(7(! #=,*76(7+! 7! (/#6%+! $%L%+! =7!
P&=#7! 2/8! $8(68&$8(! V! 7&6#"7! (8*#"#?%! =%+! $7(+#+0!
&8(!7!$8(67+!$7+67+!2/8!&?%!7=%(7(!J=%*%+'!
Exame
18!+%/L8!7*"/(7!L8G!/(!"%L8(&%!#=,*76(7!
=7(8$8! &?%! 68(! 8Q#+6#=%! *7(7#+! &8&+/(! $%L%!
+%.(8! 7! 68((7! 2/8! 68&+7! 6%(7=%! 8++8! &%(8! =8!
#=,*76(7'! <++8! 68((%! 6! /(7! #&*\(#70! /(7! $7*7L(7!
/*6(7*7&680! 67*! $%(%! 7! =8! "7L7$+%+.HH30! 2/8! %+!

273
8+$7&+,#+! =7L7(! %/6(%(7! 7%+! -(7&$8+8+0! 8! %! =8!
(7(7&8+.H23! 2/8! %+! -(7&$8+8+! =7L7(! 7%+!
8+$7&+,#+'!18!+8!6#L8++8!$8("/&67=%!7%!+8&7=%!=8!
%(70!7%!<(8,$7"%!=8!<68&7+0!V!$%(68!=%+!(8#+!=7!
=6(+#7T! ,1%#+! #=,*76(7+X4! A! (7*! 8&68&=8(#7(! 7!
$8("/&67'! 5#&"/6(! 68(#7! (8+$%&=#=%T! ,<=%(7(%+!
#(7"8&+! 8! J=%*%+4'! 5?%! +8! 8&$%&6(7! %! 68((%!
#=,*76(70! #=%*76(#7! &8(! 8(! N%(8(%0! &8(! 8(!
<+J%=%0! &8(! 8(! N8(,=%6%0! &8(! 8(! 2/7*2/8(!
%/6(%!7/6%(!=7!(8*#"#?%!=%+!"8&6#%+'!77(7#+!8Q#+6#/!
6=#6%0! *8#! 7*"/(7! 2/8! %(=8&7++8! 7! 7=%(7>?%! =8!
J=%*%+0! 2/8! -%++8(! /+7=%+! $%(%! =8/+8+0! 2/8! +8!
$%&+#=8(7++8(!$%(%!=8/+8+'!
Y/7&=%! %+! $7$#6?8+! (%(7&%+! 8! $7(67"#&8+8+!
$%&$*/J7(! /(! 6(767=%0! #&L%$7L7(! 6%=%+! %+! +8/+!
=8/+8+'! ,[! &7! +/7! $(8+8&>74! A! =#G#7(! 8*8+! A!
,2/8! */(7(%+! 7! $7G4'! @(70! 7+! 8+6'6/7+! =8! 6%=%+!
8++8+!=8/+8+0!$/*7!8&/(8(7>?%!+8(#7!(/#6%!*%&"70!
&?%! $7(6#$#$7L7(! =7! 68&=7! =%+! "8&8(7#+'!
!%&+#=8(7L7(!%+!=8/+8+!$%(%!$(8+8&68+!V+!7>M8+!
=%+! +%(8&+0! $%(%! 68+68(/&+7+0! $%(%! */#G8+! 8!
$%(!$8(68G7!&?%!8(7!%!+#(/*7$(%!2/8!$%&+6#6/J7!7!
=#L#&=7=8'!
!%(! 2/8! %*+%+! L#7(0! $%#+0! 7+! 8+6'6/7+! =7+!
+/7+! -7*+7+! =#L#&=7=8+! &%+! 68($*%+U! !%(! %+!
(8+(%+!%*+%+0!+8!+8!$8((#6#(!8+67!8Q$(8++?%0!$%(!
2/8! L8(%+! 7+! #(7"8&+! =%+! %.*86%+! =8! &%++7!
L8&8(7>?%'! @! 8((%! &?%! 8(7! 7=%(7(! $8=7>%+! =8!
('((%(8! %/! =8! (7=8#(70! (7+! 7=%(7(! /(7! -7*+7!

274
=#L#&=7=80! (8$(8+8&67=7! $%(! 8++7! (7=8#(7! 8! $%(!
8++8!('((%(8'!<!=#-8(8&>7!8&6(8!8*8+!8!&,+!&?%!6!
2/8!8*8+!6#L8++8(!#(7"8&+!8!&,+!&?%'!<!=#-8(8&>7!
6! 2/8! +/7+! #(7"8&+! (8$(8+8&67L7(! +8(8+!
-7&6'+6#$%+! =8! /(7! (8*#"#?%! -7*+7! 8! 7+! &%++7+!
(8$(8+8&67(!+8(8+!(87#+!=/(7!(8*#"#?%!L8(=7=8#(7'!
@+! "(8"%+! 6#&+7(! 7! 8+6'6/7! =8! N6($/*8+! 8! &,+! 7!
=8! 1'! !(#+6,L?%3! 6#&+7(! <+$/*'$#%! 8! +/7! $7.(7! 8!
&,+! 1'! %2/8! 8! +8/! $?%3! 6#&+7(! 7\$#68(! 7((7=%!
$%(! /(! -8#Q8! =8! (7#%+! 8! &,+! 16%'! <&6O&#%! =8!
='=/7!8!1?%!772/8+!=8!!%($%+68*7'!
Y/7&=%!%!$O&+/*!=*J&#%!8&=8(8>7!+/7+!$(8$8+!
7%+! =8/+8+! #(%(67#+0! &%! 8Q,(=#%! =%! =7&8"J(#$%! =8!
-(7*7&%0! &?%! 6! V+! #(7"8&+! 2/8! +8! =#(#"8'! <++7+!
#(7"8&+!&?%!8(7(!#(%(67#+'!
58(!%+!\*6#(%+!68($%+!=%!$7"7&#+(%!&8(!%+!
(7#+! (8(%6%+! %-8(8$8(! /(! \&#$%! -76%! 2/8! $%++7!
-7G8(! $%&$*/#(! 2/8! +8! 7=%(7++8(! J=%*%+'! N%(8(%!
-7*7! 7$8&7+! =8! =8/+8+! 2/8! +7.#67L7(! %! 7*6%!
@*#($%'!@!$7**7=#/(0!7#&=7!2/8!$7J=%!=%!$6/0!8(7!
7$8&7+!/(!$8&+%(!+7"(7=%!=7!$(%68>?%!=8!=7*7+3!
8(7!7!8*7!2/8!+8!L8&8(7L7!&%!$7**7=#/('!
=%(6(!%+!(%(7&%+!8!%+!"(8"%+!7*%8*+7L7(:+8!
=#7&68!=7+!8+6'6/7+0!=7L7(:*+8+!$%(%7+0!#&$8&+%0!
-*%(8+0! $%&=/G#7(:&7+! 8(! 6(#/&-%! &7+! $(7>7+!
$\.*#$7+'!5,+!+7&6#-#$7(%+!8++8+!$%+6/(8+0!8!&?%!
+%(%+!#=,*76(7+'!

275
<+!(/*+8(8+0!8(!68($%+!=8!+8$70!$7((8"7L7(!
7+! 8+6'6/7+! =%+! =8/+8+! =8$%#+! =8! +7L8(! *8*/7=%'!
!7(#&+7L7(!=8+$7*>7+0!=8+$7.8*7=7+0!8!8(!.(8L8!
$+%L#7!7!$R&67(%+0!$%(%!=#G#7!=86(O&#%0!86!8+676#(!
/($876#(! $*/8.76.HI3'! 5?%! $%&+7"(7(%+! 8++8! /+%0!
#*8"J6#(%! 8&6(8! %+! "8&6#%+! 8! *8"J6#(%! +8(! =\L#=7!
7*"/(7! 8&6(8! &,+U! <(! 2/7&67+! $#=7=8+! &?%! +8!
*8L7(!7!$6+!&/+!%+!7*67(8+!=%+!+7&6%+!$7(7!%.68(!
7+! .K&>?%+! =%! $6/! $%(! +8/! #&68((6=#%U! 18! /(!
6/($%0! /(! *86(7=%! $+#&K+! $(8+8&$#7++8! 8++7+!
$8(#(O&#7+0! $%=8(#70! $%(! #"&%(R&$#70! 7$/+7(:&%+!
=8+=8! *%"%! =8! $O(! &%++7! $%&-#7&>7! 8(! #(7"8&+!
2/8!7++#(!6(7&+$%(67(%+!8(!$(%$#++?%3!.7+67(#70!
$%(6(0!/(7!$7*7L(7!$7(7!%+!=8+(8&6#('!
1/($(88&=8(%:&%+! =%! &\(8(%! $(%=#"#%+%! =8!
=8$*7(7>M8+! =8.#67=7+! 8(! 6%=%+! %+! 68($%+!
$%&6(7! 7! #=%*76(#7! =%+! (%(7&%+! 8! =%+! "(8"%+3! 8!
(7#+!7#&=70!&%+!+/($(88&=8(%+!7%!+7.8(!2/8!&?%!
-%(7(!#=,*76(7+'!
<Q#+6#7(! 68($*%+! (7#+! $(#L#*8"#7=%+! 2/8!
%/6(%+'! <! "(7&=8! "#7&7! =8! [-8+%! 6#&+7! (7#+!
(8$/67>?%! =%! 2/8! /(7! "#7&7! =8! 7*=8#7'!
@$8(7L7(:+8! (7#+! (#*7"(8+! &%! 68($*%! =8!
<+$/*'$#%! 8(! <$#=7/(%! 2/8! 8(! %/6(%! 2/7*2/8(!
=%+! +8/+! 68($*%+'! <! 8+6'6/7! =8! 7\$#68(! @*J($#$%!
76(7J7! (7#+! %-8(8&=7+! 2/8! 7! =8! 7\$#68(!
=7-*7"O&#%'!#7+0!=8+=8!2/8!6!$(8$#+%!+8($(8!%$%(!
7%+! $%+6/(8+! =8! /(7! (8*#"#?%! L8(=7=8#(7! %+! =8!
/(7! (8*#"#?%! -7*+70! &?%! 6#L8(%+! &,+0! =/(7&68!

276
L'(#%+! +6$/*%+0! (7#+! =8L%>?%! 7! $8(6%+! 7*67(8+! =%!
2/8! 7! %/6(%+U! 5?%! *8L7(%+! (7#+! %-8(6,(#%+! 7!
5%++7! 18&+%(7! =8! E%(86%! 2/8! 7! 5%++7! 18&+%(7!
=7+! 58L8+U! [! 7! &,+! 2/8! $%($868! +7.8(! +8! 8++8!
$(868Q6%!+8(L8!$7(7!&%+!7$/+7(!=8!#=%*76(#7'!
5?%!+8!#(7"#&7(7!+8&?%!/(7!+,!"#7&70!/(!+,!
<$%*%0! /(! \&#$%! <+$/*'$#%0! 8! &?%! 67&6%+! <$%*%+0!
"#7&7+! 8! <+$/*'$#%+0! $%(! +8/+! (8+$8$6#L%+!
68($*%+! 8! 8+6'6/7+'! <+6'! $%#+! $(%L7=%0! 67&6%!
2/7&6%! %! $%=8! +8(! /(! $%&6%! +#+6,(#$%0! 2/8! %+!
7&6#"%+!&?%!$(#7(!8(!2/8!/(7!8+6'6/7!-%++8!/(7!
=#L#&=7=80! 2/8! %! $/*6%! &?%! $%=#7! +8(! (8*7$#%&7=%!
7! 8++7! 8+6'6/70! 7! 8++8! J=%*%! 8! 2/80!
$%&+82/8&68(8&680! %+! 7&6#"%+! &7=7! 6#&+7(! =8!
#=,*76(7+'!
C(! $%$/*7$+%! "(%++8#(%0! +/$8(+6#$#%+%0! 2/8!
&?%! (7$#%$#&7L70! 2/8! &?%! +7.#7! =/L#=7(! &8(!
&8"7(! &8(! $(8(0! 2/8! 7$%((#7! 7%+! 68($*%+! $%(!
%$#%+#=7=8!8!$%(2/8!7J!%+!$82/8&%+!+?%!#"/7#+!7%+!
"(7&=8+0! 2/8! *8L7L7! +/7! %-8(8&=7! $%(! $%+6/(80!
2/8!-7*7L7!$%&6#&/7(8&68!=8!(#*7"(8+!+8(!&/&$7!
+7L8(! 8Q7(#&7=%! /(! =8*8+0! 8! 2/8! &?%! 8+67L7!
7$#(7! =7+! LJ6#(7+! 2/8! $7/+7L73! 8++8! $%$/*7$+%0!
=#"%0! .8(! $%=#70! V! L#+67! =7! "(7&=8! "#7&7! 8! =8!
7\$#68(!-%&7&680!+8(!-8(#=%!=8!/(!68((%(!(8*#"#%+%!
8!7=%(7(0!+8(!%!+7.8(0!7!$(,$(#7!8+6'6/7'![!%!2/8!
8(! &%++%+! 68($*%+! 7$%&68$8/! 7*"/(7+! L8G8+! 7!
&%++%+! "(%++8#(%+! $%&$#=7=?%+'! <&6(867&6%0! &?%!
$8++7(%+! =8! *+8+! =#G8(! 2/8! 6! 7%+! .8(:

277
7L8&6/(7=%+0!7%+!#(%(67#+0!(8$8.#=%+!&%!$6/0!2/8!
8*8+!=8L8(!+%*#$#67(0!8!&?%!7!-#"/(7+!=8!(7=8#(7!8!
=8!$8=(70!8!2/8!7$8&7+!=8L8(!7=%(7(!7!"8/+'!
@+! "(8"%+! 8! (%(7&%+! 7/(8&67(7(! $%(!
7$%68%+8+! %! &\(8(%! =8! +8/+! =8/+8+'! @+! "(8"%+!
=#L#&#G7L7(! %+! $%&2/#+67=%(8+0! $%(%! %7$%0!
N6($/*8+! 8! =8(+8/'! %(7! 8(#"#/! 7*67(8+! 7%+! +8/+!
#($8(7=%(8+'! 5%++7+! 7$%68%+8+! +?%! =8! "K&8(%!
=#-8(8&683! 68(%+! +7&6%+! 8(! +/.+6#6/#>?%! 7! +8/+!
+8(#=8/+8+0! +8/+! =8/+8+! +8$/&='(#%+3! (7+! &?%!
%+! $%&+#=8(7(%+! (8($K! =8! +8/+! $%+6%+! %/!
$%&2/#+67+'! <*8L7(%+! 68($*%+! 7! +%(8&+!
+#($*8+(8&68! L#(6/%+%+! 2/8! +8(#7(0! &7! (7#%(#70!
$%($*867(8&68! #"&%(7=%+! +%.(8! 7! 68((7! +8! &?%!
6#L8++8(!+#=%!$%*%$7=%+!&%!$6/'!<+!7$%68%+8+!=%+!
7&6#"%+! #&+$#(7L7(:+8! &7! *#+%&*70! 7+! &%++7+! &%!
(8+$8#6%! V! L#(6/=80! (7+! 8++7+! 7&6#"7+! 7$%68%+8+!
$%&+6#6/8(! 7#&=7! /(7! $(%L7! $%&L#&$8&68! =8! 2/8!
%+! "(8"%+! 8! (%(7&%+! &7=7! 6#&+7(! $(%$(#7(8&68!
=8! #=,*76(7+'! <+6'! $*7(%! 2/8! &?%! 7=(#6#7(! (7#+!
/(7! L#(6/=8! =#L#&7! &7! 8+6'6/7! =8! </"/+6%! 8!
!*'/=#%!=%!2/8!8(!+/7+!(8=7*+7+'!
!J$8(%0! 8(! +/7+! %.(7+! -#*%+,-#$7+0! &?%! =8#Q7!
+82/8(! +/$%(! 2/8! &%+! $%++7(%+! 8&"7&7(! 2/7&6%!
V+! 8+6'6/7+! =%+! =8/+8+0! $%&-/&=#&=%:7+! $%(! %+!
$(,$(#%+! =8/+8+'! 18/+! #&68(*%$/6%(8+! -/*(#&7L7(!
7!(8*#"#?%!8+67.8*8$#=73!(7+!&8&+/(!=8*8+!+%&+7!
8(!7$/+7(!%+!(%(7&%+!=8!8($(8"7(!%!('((%(8!8!
%! .(%&G8! $7(7! 7+! 8+6'6/7+! =8! +/7+! =#L#&=7=8+'!

278
E/$(6$#%! &?%! (8$(%L7! 8++7! 6%*#$8! 7! &#&"/6(0! 8*8!
2/8! 6/=%! (8$(%L7! 7%+! +/$8(+6#$#%+%+'! =%(67&6%0!
7#&=7! /(7! L8G0! 8++7! %$#&#?%! &?%! 8Q#+6#70! &?%! +8!
-7G#7!=8*7!#=6#7!7*"/(73!&?%!8Q#+6#7(!#=,*76(7+'!
N%('$#%! -7G! -7*7(! 7! /(7! 8+6'6/7! =8! =(J7$%0!
-7G8&=%:*+8! =#G8(T! ,</! -/#! %/6(%(7! /(! 6(%&$%! =8!
-#"/8#(73! /(! $7($#&68#(%0! &?%! +7.8&=%! +8! -7(#7! =8!
(#(! /(! "8/+! %/! /(! .7&$%0! =868((#&%/! 8&-#(!
6%(&7(:(8! /(! =8/+0! 86$'4.H13'! Y/8! $%&$*/#(! =8++8!
"(7$8*%U! =(J7$%! 8(7! =8++7+! $82/8&7+! =#L#&=7=8+!
+/.7*68(&7+!7.7&=%&7=7+!7%!"(7$8*%3!8++8!$(,$(#%!
"(7$8*%!6!7!$(%L7!(7#+!8L#=8&68!=8!2/8!8++7!-#"/(7!
=8! =(J7$%0! 2/8! +8! $%*%$7L7! &7+! +%(67+! $7(7!
8+$7&67(!%+!$'++7(%+0!&?%!8(7!(/#6%!L8&8(7=7'!
"7$#8(0! 8&6(8"7&=%:+8! 7%! 8+$J(#6%!
$%(8&67=%(0! &?%! =8#Q%/! =8! %.+8(L7(! 2/8! %7(/$+!
$(8=#++8(7! 8++7! 7L8&6/(7! =#G8&=%T! ,<*8+! +8(?%!
7$8&7+! %! 2/8! 2/#+8(8(! %+! 7(6J-#$8+43! $%(6(! 8*8!
=8L8(#7!%.+8(L7(!67(.6(!2/8!+8!$%=8!=#G8(!%/6(%!
67&6%!=8!6%=7+!7+!=#L#&=7=8+'!
=%=8:+80! =8! /(! .*%$%! =8! ('((%(80! -7G8(! 6?%!
.8(! /(! -%"?%! $%(%! /(7! -#"/(7! =8! <*8Q7&=(8! %/!
=8! 7\$#68(0! %/! 2/7*2/8(! %/6(7! $%#+7! (7#+!
(8+$8#6'L8*'! <! (766(#7! =8! 2/8! 8(7(! -%((7=%+! %+!
2/8(/.#&+! =%! 17&6%! =%+! 17&6%+! 68(#7! $%=#=%!
+8(L#(!#"/7*(8&68!V+!-/&>M8+!(7#+!L#+'!C(!6(%&%0!
/(! 7*67(0! +?%! (8&%+! L8&8(7=%+! $%(2/8! /(!

279
%$8('(#%! $%=8(#7! 68(! -8#6%! $%(! +8/! (768(#7*! /(7!
(8+7!=8!$%G#&+7U!
"7$#8(0!8(!*/"7(!=8!$%&$*/#(!2/8!%+!(%(7&%+!
7=%(7L7(! 7! 8+6'6/7! =8! =(J7$%! 8! 2/8! %7(/$+! %!
$(8=#++8(70! =8L8(#7! $%#+! $%&$*/#(! 2/8! %+!(%(7&%+!
+8! (#7(! =8*7'! !%&+/*67#! 6%=%+! %+! 7/6%(8+! 2/8!
-7*7(! =7+! 8+6'6/7+! =%+! +8/+! =8/+8+! 8! &?%!
8&$%&6(7(8#+! &8&+/(! 2/8! -7*8! 8(! #=%*76(#7T! 8*8+!
=#G8(! 8Q$(8++7(8&68! %! $%&6('(#%'! 58=8+! 8(!
#7($#7*T!
!3.'0.&%.1'$)-+%$')3+%'94#'/)+/%+4'93#13$'&%&'0)-.1'
.##4'54%$::::.H03'!
<(!@LJ=#%T!
;%#.13+'2+%'(%94'0%+/)'(%9.$!.H;3'!
<(!<+6'$#%T!
!3##)')314/'400.7.4$6'&3##.'-%//.$$)'/41)##%'0%+/)'
34.$'/4&14$'*)=.1)+4'41'24-1%+)'7)3541!.H93'!
<(!E/$7&%T!
1$1&4'34.'$454$6'&.$.'14++)'41'2%&13$'41')4+"!.2:3'!
)7(:+8:#7! /(! L%*/(8! =8! 6%=%+! %+! $7++%+! 2/8!
7-#((7(!2/8!7+!#(7"8&+!+?%!+%(8&68!#(7"8&+'!
<$8&7+!%!$7+%!8(!2/8!7+!8+6'6/7+!$%&$8=#7(!
%('$/*%+! $%=8! -7G8(! $8&+7(! 2/8! 8++7+! 8+6'6/7+!
6#&+7(!7*"/(7!$%#+7!=8!=#L#&%'!#7+!$8(67(8&68!7!

280
%$#&#?%! (8#&7&68! 8(7! 7! =8! 2/8! %+! =8/+8+! 6#&+7(!
8+$%*+#=%! =868((#&7=%+! 7*67(8+0! =868((#&7=7+!
#(7"8&+0!$7(7!7J!=8+$8(8(!7*"/(7+!L8G8+0!$7(7!7J!
=7(!7/=#K&$#7+!7%+!+%(8&+0!$7(7!*+8+!(8+$%&=8('!
5?%!L8(%+!8(!N%(8(%!8!&%+!$%(%+!=7+!6(7"6=#7+!
"(8"7+! +8&?%! $(8$8+! 7! <$%*%0! 2/8! =7L7! +8/+!
%('$/*%+! &7+! (%&67&+7+0! 8(! 67*! 68($*%0! 8(! 67*!
$#=7=83! &?%! +'0! +8(! =\L#=70! 8(! 6%=7! 7!
7&6#"Z#=7=80! %! (8&%(! L8+6J"#%! =8! $(8$8+! =#(#"#=7+!
7!/(7!8+6'6/7'!
@+! 2/8! $(%-8++7L7(! 7! (7"#70! %+! 2/8! 7!
*/*"7L7(! /(7! $#K&$#7! %/! 2/8! -#&"#7(! $(K:*%0!
$(868&=#7(! 68(! %! +8"(8=%! =8! -7G8(! %+! =8/+8+!
=8+$8(8(! V+! 8+6'6/7+3! &?%! %+! "(7&=8+! =8/+8+0!
(7+! %+! =8/+8+! +8$/&='(#%+0! %+! "K&#%+'! [! %! 2/8!
#8($\(#%! -(#+(8"#+67! $+7(7L7! -7G8(! =8/+8+3! 6!
#++%! 2/8! 16%'! <"%+6#&+%! (8-/67! 8(! +/7! !#=7=8! =8!
"8/+'! =%(6(! (8+(%! #++%! (%+6(7! 8L#=8&68(8&68!
2/8! 7+! #(7"8&+! &7=7! 6#&+7(! =8! =#L#&%0!
$%(2/7&6%!8(7!$(8$#+%!2/8!/(!(7"%!7+!7&#(7++8'!
=7(8$8:(8! 2/8! 8(7! (/#6%! (7(%! /(! (7"%! 68(!
+7.#*#=7=8! +/-#$#8&68! $7(7! =7(! 7*(7! 7! /(7!
8+6'6/70!$7(7!-7GK:*7!-7*7('!
5/(7! $7*7L(7T! 7+! #(7"8&+! =%+! =8/+8+! &?%!
8(7(!=8/+8+'!7\$#68(!8!&?%!+/7!#(7"8(!*7&>7L7!%!
6(%L?%3!8!&?%!8(7!7!8+6'6/7!=8!586/&%!2/8!7"#67L7!
%+! (7(8+! &8(! 7! =8! <$%*%! 2/8! -7G#7! 7! */G'! @+!
"(8"%+! 8! %+! (%(7&%+! 8(7(! "8&6#%+0! $%*#68J+67+! 8!
&?%!#=,*76(7+'!

281
18! %+! $8(+7+0! %+! +7.78&+8+0! %+! 8"J$$#%+0! %+!
6'(67(%+0! @+! 6/($%+! -%(7(! #=,*76(7+! 8! =8! 2/8!
7&6#"Z#=7=8! 6! 7! %(#"8(! =7+! #(7"8&+! $+7(7=7+!
,J=%*%+4'!N#+6,(#7!=%!+8/!$/*6%'!
[!/(!"(7&=8!8((%!$+7(7(!#=,*76(7+!7%+!$%L%+!
2/8! (8&=8(7(! $/*6%! 7%! 1%*! 8! V+! 8+6(8*7+'! <++7+!
&7>M8+! &?%! 6#L8(7(! $%(! (/#6%! 68($%! &8(!
#(7"8&+! &8(! 68($*%+'! 18! +8! 8&"7&7(7(0! -%#! 8(!
76(#./#(! 7%+! 7+6(%+! %! 2/8! =8L#7(! 7%! $(#7=%(! =%+!
7+6(%+'! @! =%"(7! =8! `%(%7+6(%! %/! `8(=/+6%0!
(8$%*+#=%! &%! 17==8(0! 7$(8+8&67! 67(.6(! /(! 8&68!
+/$(8(%0! L#&"7=%(! 8! (8(/&8(7=%(3! 8! #+6%! 8+6'!
.8(! *%&"8! =8! +8(! #=%*76(#7'! @! "%L8(&%! =7! !+#&7!
&?%!68L8!*7(7#+!&8&+/(!J=%*%30!$%&+8(L%/!+8($(8!
%! $/*6%! +#($*8+! =%! 18&+%(! =%+! !6/+0! h#&":6#8&'!
88&"#+! !?0! 8&6(8! %+! 6'(67(%+0! &?%! 8(7! #=,*76(7!
&8(! $%++/J7! #(7"8(! 7*"/(7'! @+! (/>/*(7&%+0!
2/8! #&>7(7(! 7! 8(6$#70! D+#7! #8&%(0! 1J(#70! =6(+#70!
P&=#7! 8! D-(#$70! $+7(7(! 7%+! $(#+6?%+! #=,*76(7+0!
#&-#6#+0! $%#+! 7$(8=#67(! 2/8! 8*8+! (8&=8(! $/*6%! V+!
#(7"8&+'! Y/8.(7(7(! L'(#7+! 8+6'6/7+! 2/8!
8&$%&6(7(7(!8(!!%&+67&6#&%$*70!8(!17&67!1%-#70!
&7! #"(8*7! =%+! 17&6%+! <$,+6%*%+! 8! 8(! (/#67+!
%/6(7+! 2/8! $%&L8(68(7(! 8(! (8+2/#67+'! <!
7$7(K&$#7! %+! 8&"7&%/! $%(%! +8($(8! 8&"7&7! %+!
+%(8&+!8!*+8+!-8G!$(8(!2/8!68($*%+!=8=#$7=%+!7%+!
+7&6%+!2/8!6#&+7(!+#=%!+%(8&+!%/6(%(70!#(7"8&+!
=8++8+! +7&6%+! L8&8(7=7+! =8! *%8*+%+0! (#*7"(8+!
%$8(7=%+! &8++8+! 68($*%+! 8(7(! $(%L7+!
#((86%(2/JL8#+! =7! (7#+! $%&+/(7=7! #=%*76(#7'!

282
!%&6/=%0! &?%! +'! &7=7! =#++%'! @+! $(#+6?%+! &?%!
7=%(7(0!&7!L8(=7=80!+8&?%!/(!"8/+!\&#$%!8!&?%!
L8&8(7(! &%+! +8/+! .8(:7L8&6/(7=%+! +8&?%! 7!
$(,$(#7!L#(6/=8!=8!"8/+!2/8!7"8!8(!+8/+!+7&6%+'!
@+! #$%&%$*7+67+! 8! %+! $(%68+67&68+! *7&>7(7(! 7!
(8+(7! 67$+7! =8! #=%*76(#7! V! #"(8*7! 8! 7! (8+(7!
(8+$%+67!*+8+!-%#!=7=7'!
!%(%! (/#6%! (7(7(8&68! 6#L8(7(! %+! +%(8&+!
#=6#7+! $(8$#+7+! 8! (8&%+! 7#&=7! 8Q$(#(#(7(! +/7+!
#=6#7+! $%(! 68((%+! $(8$#+%+! 8! #&82/JL%$%+0!
7$8*#=7(%+! #=,*76(7+! %+! "8&6#%+! 8! +%.(86/=%! %+!
$%*#68J+67+'! <+$(8L8(7(:+8! L%*/(8+! #(8&+%+0!
=8.#67(7(:+8!+8&6#(8&6%+!=#L8(+%+!+%.(8!7!%(#"8(!
=8++8! $/*6%! (8&=#=%! 7! "8/+! %/! 7! L'(#%+! =8/+8+!
+%.! -#"/(7+! +8&+JL8#+T! 8+67! (/*6#6/=8! =8! *#L(%+! 8!
=8!%$#&#M8+!&?%!768+67!+8&?%!#"&%(R&$#7'!
5?%! +8! +7.8! 2/8(! #&L8&6%/! 7+! L8+68+! 8! %+!
$7*>7=%+!8!2/8(:+8!+7.8(!2/8(!$(#(8#(%!#&L8&6%/!
%+! J=%*%+U! Y/8! #($%(67! /(! 6(8$+%! =8!
17&$%&#'6%&0!2/8!L#L8/!7&68+!=7!"/8((7!=8!-(,#7U!
Y/8! &%+! 8&+#&7! 8*8! 2/7&=%! =#G! 2/8! %! $7%+0! %!
8+$J(#6%0! #+6%! 60! %! +%$(%0! 8&7(%(7=%! =8! +8/+!
$(#&$J$#%+0!*7&>%/:*+8+!%+!7*#$8($8+0!2/8!6%(&%/!%!
7(!*/(#&%+%0!2/8!%!L8&6%!!%*$%!8!+/7!(/*+8(!%7/!
"8(7(7(![%&0!2/8![%&!"8(%/!88&%+0!2/8!!(%&%+0!
+8/! =8+$8&=8&680! 6#&+7! =%#+!%*+%+!76('+!$%(%!&7!
-(8&680! 2/8! +8! 6%(&%/! "8/+! 8! 2/8! $(8+8&68%/! %!
<"#6%! 7! +8/! -#*+%! -%6U! <J! 68&=8+! /(! =%+! (7#+!
(8+$8#6'L8#+!(%&/(8&6%+!=7!7&6#"Z#=7=8'!

283
@(-8/0! 7&68(#%(! 7! 17&$%&#'6%&0! &7=7! &%+!
$%=8('! =#G8(! =8! &%L%! 8(! +/7! -8%"%&#70! 2/8!
"7('$#%!&%+!6(7&+(#6#/'!<$(8+8&67!%!$(#&$J$#%!=%!
(/&=%! +%.! 7! -#"/(7! =8! /(! =(7"?%! =8! =/7+!
$7.8>7+0!/(7!=8!6%/(%0!%/6(7!=8!*8?%0!/(!(%+6%!V!
(867=80! 7! 2/8! $+7(7! (%+6%:=8/+0! 8! 7+7+!
=%/(7=7+!&7+!$%+67+'!
=%=8#+0! $%(6(0! =8++7+! 8+6(7&+7+! #=6#7+0! 6#(7(!
=/7+! "(7&=8+! L8(=7=8+T! /(70! 2/8! 7+! #(7"8&+!
+8&+JL8#+! 8! %+! +#8(,"*#-%+! +?%! =7! (7#+! 7*67!
7&6#"Z#=7=83!%/6(70!2/8!6%=%+!%+!-#*,+%-%+!7&6#"%+!
(8$%&+8$8(7(!/(!$(#(8#(%!$(#&$J$#%'!
Y/7&6%! 7%! $%*#68J+(%0! %! .%(! +8&+%! L%+! =#('!
2/80! =8+=8! 2/8! 8Q#+6#(7(! +%(8&+0! #+6%! 60! -('"8#+!
7&#(7#+!$7$7G8+!=8!(7G?%!8!=8!*%/$/(70!+/*8#6%+!7!
6%=%+! %+! 7$#=8&68+0! V! =%8&>7! 8! V! (%(680! 8++8+!
+%(8&+! +8&6#(7(! +/7! -(72/8G7! 8! +/7!
=8$8&=K&$#73! (8$%&+8$8(7(! -7$#*(8&68! 7!
8Q#+6K&$#7! =8! 7*"/(7! $%#+7! (7#+! $%=8(%+7! 2/8!
8*8+3! +8&6#(7(! /(7! -%(>7! &7! 68((7! 2/8! -%(&8$8!
+8/+! 7*#(8&6%+0! /(7! &%! 7(! 2/8! %+! =8+6(,#! $%(!
-(82ZK&$#70! /(7! &%! -%"%! 2/8! $%&+%(8! 8! &7! '"/7!
2/8! +/.(8("8'! Y/8! (7#+! &76/(7*0! 8(! +%(8&+!
#"&%(7&68+0!2/8!%!#(7"#&7(!+8(8+!2/8!$(8+#=#++8(!
7!8++8+!8*8(8&6%+U!Y/8!(7#+!&76/(7*!2/8!L8&8(7(!
7!-%(>7!#&L#+JL8*!2/8!-7G#7!*/G#(!=#7&68!=%+!%*+%+!%!
1%*!8!7+!8+6(8*7+U!<0!=8+=8!2/8!+8!=8+8*%/!-%((7(!
/(7! #=6#7! =8++7+! -%(>7+! +/$8(#%(8+! 7%! +%(8(0!
2/8! (7#+! &76/(7*! 7#&=7! 2/8! %! -#"/(':*7+! =8! /(7!

284
(7&8#(7! +8&+JL8*U! =%=8(#7! +8(! =8! %/6(7! -%((7U! <!
(8*#"#?%! */=7#$70! 2/8! $(8$8=8/! V! &%++7! 8! 2/8! -%#!
=7=7! $%(! "8/+0! 8+67L7! (8$*867! =8++7+! #(7"8&+!
+%.! 7+! 2/7#+! +8! (8$(8+8&67! "8/+'! <*8! +8! =#"&7!
-7*7(! &/(! 8+$#&+8#(%! 7! *#&"/7"8(! +/(7&73!
7$7(8$8! +%.(8! /(7! (%&67&+73! %+! 8+$J(#6%+!
$8*8+68+!2/8!8&L#7!LK8(!6%=%+!+%.!-%((7!+/(7&73!
8&-#(! %! +7&6/'(#%! 8+6'! (8$*86%!=8!2/8(/.#&+0!2/8!
+?%! $%($%+! =8! +%(8&+! $%(! 7+7+! 8! $7.8>7+! =8!
7&#(7#+'! [! %! 2/8! =8/! */"7(! 7%! 8((%! =8! =*/67($%0!
-'$#6%!8!67&6%+!%/6(%+!2/8!(8$(%L7(7(!7%+!*/=8/+!
%! 7=%(7(! /(7! $7.8>7! =8! 7+&%'! "8/+0! 7$8+7(! =8!
+/7! $(%#.#>?%! =8! +8! $#&67(8(! 8! 8+$/*$#(! -#"/(7+0!
=#"&%/:+8! $%#+! $(%$%($#%&7(:+8! V! -(72/8G7!
+/(7&70! 2/8! +%*#$#67L7! 2/8! +8! *+8! -7*7++8! 7%+!
+8&6#=%+!$%(!(8#%!=8!#(7"8&+'!
B+7J7+0! &%! $7$'! 10! LK! %! 18&+%(! +8&67=%! +%.(8!
/(!6(%&$%!8!7!$7/=7!=8!+8/!L8+6#=%!2/8!8&$+#7!%!
68($*%'!@!18&+%(!8+68&=8!+/7!(?%!8!6%$7!7!.%$7!
=8! 78(8(#7+0! &%! $7$J6/*%! /! =8++8! $(%-867'!
<G82/#8*0! &%! $7$J6/*%! H0! LK! /(! 6(%&%! =8! +7-#(70! 8!
"8/+! *+8! 7$7(8$8! $%(%! /(! +%(8(! +8&67=%! 8(!
+8/!6(%&%'!<++7+!#(7"8&+!&?%!7*68(7(!8(!&7=7!7!
$/(8G7!=7!(8*#"#?%0!2/8!*7(7#+!8($(8"%/!2/7=(%+0!
8+6'6/7+0!J=%*%+0!$7(7!(8$(8+8&67(!"8/+!7%+!%*+%+!
=%!$%L%'!
@+! *86(7=%+! $+#&8+8+0! %+! $7(+#+0! %+! 7&6#"%+!
8"J$$#%+! &?%! 6#L8(7(! J=%*%+3! (7+! 8(! .(8L8! B+#+! 8!
@+#(#+! -%(7(! -#"/(7=%+3! 8(! .(8L8! %8*0! 8(!

285
%7.#*O&#70! -%#! /(! "(7&=8! $%*%++%3! %(7(7! -%#! /(!
8+6(7&+%! (%&+6(%! &7! $8&J&+/*7! =7! P&=#7'! @+!
"(8"%+! $(#&$#$7*(8&68! (/*6#$*#$7(7(! %+! &%(8+!
=%+! =8/+8+0! 7+! 8+6'6/7+! 8! %+! 68($*%+0! (7+!
+8($(8! 76(#./#&=%! 7! +/$(8(7! $%6K&$#7! 7! +8/!
=8/+!`8/+0!$+7(7=%!$8*%+!*76#&%+!7\$#68(0!+8&+%(!
=%+! =8/+8+! 8! =%+! +%(8&+'! @+! (%(7&%+! #(#67(7(!
%+! "(8"%+'! <++8+! $%L%+! $%*%$7(7(! +8($(8! 6%=%+!
%+!=8/+8+!&%!$6/0!+8(!+7.8(!2/8!6!2/8!8&68&=#7(!
$8*%! $6/! 8! $8*%! +8/! @*#($%3! &?%! +7L#7! %! (J&#(%!
#&=J$#%! =8! 2/8! 8++8+! =8/+8+! +7.#67++8(! &7+!
&/L8&+0! 2/8! 7$8&7+! +?%! '"/7'! !%*%$7(7(:+80!
$(#(8#(%0!+868!=8/+8+!8(!+868!$*7&867+3!$%(6(!7%!
=8$%#+! 7! (%(7=7! =8! 6%=%+! %+! =8/+8+! -%#! 7!
7($*#=?%!$8*8+68'!
@+! (%(7&%+! 6#L8(7(! +8/+! =%G8! "(7&=8+!
=8/+8+0! +8#+! L7(M8+! 8! +8#+! -K(87+0! 7! 2/8!
$+7(7(7(! "##! (7*%(/(! "8&6#/(T! 7\$#68(0!
586/&%0! <$%*%0! 5/*$7&%0! #7(680! #8($\(#%3! 7/&%0!
58+670! ##&8(L70! !8(8+0! 5K&/+0! "#7&7'! =*/6?%! -%#!
8&6?%!8+2/8$#=%3!58+67!6%(%/!+8/!*/"7('!
<(! +8"/#=7! L#&+7(! %+! =8/+8+! (#&%(/(!
"8&6#/(0! %+! =8/+8+! #&=J"868+0! %+! +8(,#$%+0! $%(%!
%7$%0! N6($/*8+0! <+$/*'$#%3! %+! =8/+8+! #&-8(&7#+0!
=*/6?%0! =(%+6($#&73! %+! =%! (7(0! $%(%! -86#+0!
<&-#6(#680!7+!58(8#=7+0!8*7/$%3!=8$%#+!7+!"(J7=7+0!
7+! 5'#7=7+3! %+! =8/+8+! =%+! *7(=#&+0! =%+! $7+6%(8+'!
N7L#7:%+! $7(7! $7=7! $(%-#++?%0! $7(7! $7=7! 7>?%! =7!
L#=70! $7(7! 7+! $(#7&>7+0! $7(7! 7+! *%L8&+!

286
$7+7=%/(7+0! $7(7! 7+! $7+7=7+0! $7(7! 7+! 7(7&68+3!
+%/L8! %! =8/+! =868'! "#L#&#G7(7(:+8! $%(! -#(! %+!
#($8(7=%(8+'!58(!8++8+!#($8(7=%(8+0!&8(!%!=8/+!
=8680! &8(! 7! =8/+7! =8(6/&=70! &8(! =(J7$%0! &8(!
/(J*#70! 7! =8/+7! =7+! 6867+0! &8(! <+68($\6#%0! %!
=8/+! =%! "/7(=7:(%/$70! -%(7(! &7! L8(=7=8!
$%&+#=8(7=%+! $%(%! +8&+%(8+! =%! $6/! 8! =7! 68((7'!
@+! #($8(7=%(8+! 6#L8(7(! 68($*%+! 7*"/(7+! L8G8+0!
%+! $82/8&%+! =8/+8+! =%(6+6#$%+! &?%! %+! 6#L8(7(3!
(7+!6%=%+!6#L8(7(!+/7!-#"/(70!+8/!J=%*%'!
-(767L7:+8! =8! $82/8&%+! .%&8$%+! $%(! %+!
2/7#+! +8! %(&7L7(! %+! "7.#&868+3! .(#&2/8=%+! $7(7!
L8*+7+! 8! $(#7&>7+0! 2/8! &?%! 8+67L7(! 7/6%(#G7=%+!
$%(! &8&+/(! $/*6%! $\.*#$%'! "8#Q7L7:+8! 2/8! $7=7!
$7(6#$/*7(! 6#L8++8! 7+! +/$8(+6#>M8+!2/8!(8*+%(!*+8!
7"(7=7++8('!<&$%&6(7(:+8!7#&=7!8++8+!$82/8&%+!
J=%*%+!&7+!(/J&7+!=7+!$#=7=8+!7&6#"7+'!
18! &#&"/6(! +7.8! 2/7&=%! %+! J=%*%+!
$%(8>7(7(! 7! +8(! -7.(#$7=%+0! +7.8:+8! 8(!
$%($8&+7>?%! 2/8! (8(%&67(! V! (7#+! 7*67!
7&6#"Z#=7=8'! -7(8/0! $7#! =8! <.(7?%0! $%&+6(/#/! C(0!
&7! !7*=6#7'! 72/8*! (%/.%/! 8! $7((8"%/! %+! J=%*%+!
=8!+8/!7LO!E7.?%'!5?%!6!$%++JL8*!#(!(7#+!*%&"8'!
#7+! 2/8! &%>?%! $(8$#+7! 6#&+7(! 7+! &7>M8+!
7&6#"7+! 7! (8+$8#6%! =8++8+! +#(/*7$(%+U! Y/8!
L#(6/=80! 2/8! $%6K&$#7! *+8+! 76(#./*7(U! 7/*"7L7:+8!
2/8! %+! =8/+8+! =8+$#7(! =%! $6/! $7(7! +8! (868(8(!
&8++7+! 8+6'6/7+0! %/! 2/8! *+8+! $%(/&#$7L7(! /(7!

287
$7(68! =%! 8+$J(#6%! =#L#&%0! %/! 2/8! &?%! *+8+!
$%(/&#$7L7(! $%#+7! 7*"/(7U! [! 8+68! 67(.6(! /(!
7++/&6%!+%.(8!%!2/7*!+8!68(!8+$(#6%!#&/6#*(8&683!6!
$*7(%! 2/8! $7=7! +%(8(! */*"7L7! +8"/&=%! 7! +/7!
$7($8*7! =8! (7G?%0! %/! =8! $(8=/*#=7=80! %/! =8!
-7&76#+(%'! [! 8L#=8&68! 2/8! %+! $7=(8+! *#"7(7(! 7+!
=#L#&=7=8+!%!(7#+!2/8!$/=8(7(!V+!+/7+!8+6'6/7+0!
7!-#(!=8!$%&+8"/#(8(!(7#%(!&\(8(%!=8!%-8(8&=7+'!
17.8:+8! 2/8! %+! -#*,+%-%+! (8$(%L7L7(! 8++7+!
+/$8(+6#>M8+0! 2/8! %+! "/8((8#(%+! 7+! 8+$7(&8$#7(0!
2/8! %+! (7"#+6(7=%+! 7+! 6%*8(7L7(! 8! 2/8! %! $%L%0!
+8($(8!7.+/(=%0!&?%!+7.#7!2/8!-7G8(!$%(!8*7+'![!
8+67! 8(! $%/$7+! $7*7L(7+! 7! +#+6,(#7! =8! 6%=7+! 7+!
&7>M8+!7!2/8(!"8/+!&?%!+8!-8G!$%&+8$8('!
=%=8:+8! -7G8(! 7! (8+(7! #=6#7! =%! $/*6%! 2/8!
6%=%!%!<"#6%!(8&=#7!7!/(!.%#!8!2/8!L'(#7+!$#=7=8+!
(8&=8(7(! 7! /(! $?%0! 7! /(! +J(#%0! 7! /(! "76%0! 7!
$8.%*7+'! N'! (/#67! 7$7(K&$#7! =8! 2/8! =8! $%(8>%!
68&+7(!+8(L#=%!$%(%!8(.*8(7+'!<(!+8"/#=7!/(!
$8(6%! .%#! <$#+0! /(! $8(6%! $?%! $+7(7=%! <&/.#+0!
-%(7(! 7=%(7=%+3! $%(#7:+8! =#7(#7(8&68! $7(&8! =8!
.%#! 8! $8.%*7+3! 6! $%(6(! (/#6%! =#-J$#*! +7.8(! 2/8!
$8&+7L7(!7+!L8*+7+!=%!<"#6%!7!(8+$8#6%!=%+!.%#+!8!
=7+!$8.%*7+!+7"(7=7+'!
@+! J=%*%+! -7*7L7(! $%(! -(82ZK&$#7'!
!%(8(%(7L7(:+8! 8(! %(70! &%! =#7! =7! -8+67! =8!
!#.8*80!.8*7+!$7*7L(7+!2/8!7!8+6'6/7!$(%&/&$#7(7!
7%!+8(!6(7&+*7=7=7!=%!$7*'$#%!=%!(8#!<6'*#%'!

288
<2$)'241.'9%#3.$'&4'$.1'/%+)6'/.114'9%#4&14/6'
5.7&3$'#%/)'#%-3$'83%'543$'%/&.$'4)1!.2/3'!
</!2/#+!2/8!(8!*8L7++8(0!*8L7#:(8!=8$(8++73!
%(7! 6! =#"&7! =8! 2/8! 6%=%+! %+! =8/+8+! +8!
8+67.8*8>7(!&8*7'!
<! 8+6'6/7! =7! )%(6/&7! -7*7(7T! %+! !#$#M8+0! %+!
!J$8(%+3! %+! !6+7(8+0! &7T! L8(=7=80! &?%!
7$(8=#67L7(3! (7+! 7! L8*+7! 7! 2/8(! <&$%*$%! =8/!
/(! 8+$/=%! 7! -#(! =8! 2/8! $%($(7++8! "7&+%+! 8!
=8/+8+!.8(!$%=8(#7!7$(8=#6':*%'!
@+! J=%*%+! 67(.6(! $%&$8=#7(! %('$/*%+0! 8! %+!
+7$8(=%68+! (86#=%+! &%! %$%! =7+! 8+6'6/7+! -7*7L7(!
8(!&%(8!=7!"#L#&=7=8'!
!%(%0! &%! (8#%! =8! 67&6%+! =8/+8+! 8! =8! 67&67+!
68%"%&#7+! =#-8(8&68+! 8! =8! $/*6%+! $7(6#$/*7(8+0!
*7(7#+! +%/L8! "/8((7+! =8! (8*#"#?%! 8&6(8! %+! $%L%+!
$+7(7=%+! #=,*76(7+U! <++7! $7G! -%#! /(! .8(! 2/8!
&7+$8/! =8! /(! (7*0! =%! 8((%! (8+(%T! $%(2/80!
(8$%&+8$8&=%! $7=7! &7>?%! L'(#%+! =8/+8+!
#&-8(#%(8+0! 7$+%/! .%(! 2/8! %+! +8/+! L#G#&+%+!
6#L8++8(! 67(.6(! %+! +8/+'! 18! 8Q$86/7(=8+!
!7(.#+8+0! 7! 2/8(! +8! (8$(%L7! %! +7L8(! (767=%! %!
.%#! <$#+0! &?%! 8&$%&6(7(%+! &7! +#+6,(#7! $(%-7&7!
&8&+/(! $%&2/#+67=%(! 2/8! 68&+7! (7*6(767=%! %+!
=8/+8+! =8! /(! $%L%! $%&+8$#=%'! @+! "8&6#%+! &?%!
6#&+7(! &8&+/(7! (8*#"#?%! 8Q$*/+#L70! 8! %+!
+7$8(=%68+! $8&+7L7(! 7$8&7+! 8(! (/*6#$*#$7(! 7+!
%-8(8&=7+!8!%+!+7$(#-J$#%+'!

289
<+! $(#(8#(7+! %-8(8&=7+! -%(7(! -(/6%+'! <(!
.(8L8!-%(7(!&8$8++'(#%+!7&#(7#+!$7(7!7!(8+7!=%+!
+7$8(=%68+3! 8*8+! $(,$(#%+! %+! =8"%*7L7(3!
6%(&7(7(:+8! $7(&#$8#(%+0! 8! $(/6#+3! 8&-#(!
#&6(%=/G#(7(! %! $%+6/(8! +%((JL8*! =8! +7$(#-#$7(!
L#6#(7+! +/(7&7+! 8! +%.(86/=%! $(#7&>7+! 8!
(%$#&+7+'!77(7#+!%+!$+#&8+8+!&8(!%+!$7(+#+!&8(!
%+! +#&=/+! -%(7(! $/*$7=%+! =8! 67#+! 7.%(#&7>M8+3!
(7+!8(!N#8(,$%*#+0!&%!<"#6%0!18"/&=%!=%(-J(#%0!+8!
#(%*7(7(!+%(8&+'!
57! -'/(#=7! +7$(#-#$7L7(:+8! %+! 8+6(7&"8#(%+3!
-8*#G(8&68! %+! +7$8(=%68+! =7! -'/(#=7! &?%! =8L#7(!
68(! (/#67+! $('6#$7+'! @+! $(#(8#(%+! "(8"%+0! %+!
$#$(#%67+0!%+!-8&J$#%+0!%+!6#(8&+8+0!%+!$7(67"#&8+8+!
6#L8(7(!8++7!+/$8(+6#>?%!7.%(#&'L8*'!@+!$(,$(#%+!
(%(7&%+! #&$%((8(7(! &8++8! $(#(8! =8! (8*#"#?%0! 8!
#&-%((7!=*/67($%!2/8!8*8+!#(%*7(7(!=%#+!"(8"%+!8!
=%#+! "7/*8+8+! $7(7! 8Q$#7(! %+! =8+*#G8+! =8! 6(K+!
L8+67#+'! =(%$,$#%0! $%&68($%(R&8%! =%! (8#! =%+!
-(7&$%+! -8%=%.8(6%0! =#G! 2/8! 8+68+! #(%*7(7(!
+%(8&+! 2/7&=%! 8&6(7(7(! &7! B6'*#7! $%(! 8++8!
$(J&$#$8'! @+! "7/*8+8+0! %+! "8((7&%+0! $(76#$7L7(!
$%(/(8&68! 8++8+! +7$(#-J$#%+! 7-(%&6%+%+'! 5?%! +8!
$%=8!*8(!7!+#+6,(#7!+8(!$%&$8.8(!"(7&=8!+%((%(!7%!
"K&8(%!+/(7&%'!
[! L8(=7=8! 2/80! 8&6(8! %+! */=8/+0! 78-66!
+7$(#-#$%/!+/7!-#*+7!8!17/*!8+68L8!$(8+68+!7!#(%*7(!
+8/!-#*+%3!8!6!L8(=7=8!2/8!72/8*8+!2/8!8+6#L8++8(!
L%67=%+!7%!18&+%(!$%(!7&'68(7!&?%!$%=8(#7(!+8(!

290
(8+"767=%+! $%(%! +8! (8+"767L7(! %+! 7&#(7#+0!
+8&=%! (#+68(! 2/8! $8(8$8++8('! 17(/8*0! +7$8(=%68!
=8!"8/+0!$%(6%/!8(!$8=7>%+!$%(!%!7/QJ*#%!=8!/(!
+7&6%!$/68*%!%!(8#!<"7"/80!$(#+#%&8#(%!=8!"/8((7!7!
2/8(!17/*!$8(=%7(70!8!17/*!-%#!(8$(%L7=%!$%(!68(!
%.+8(L7=%! %! =#(8#6%!=7+!"8&68+!$%(!8++8!(8#'!#7+!
"8/+0! +8&+%(! =%+! +%(8&+0! $%=8! 6#(7(:*+8+! 7! L#=7!
2/7&=%!2/#+8(0!$%(%!2/#+8(!8!$7(7!%!2/8!2/#+8(3!8!
&?%! $%($868! 7%+! +%(8&+! $%*%$7(:+8! &%! $%+6%! =8!
+8&+%(! =7! L#=7! 8! =7! (%(68! 8! /+/($7(! %+! =#(8#6%+!
=%!<&68!1/$(8(%'!
<! -#(! =8! $%&+%*7(! %! "K&8(%! +/(7&%! =%!
2/7=(%! +%((JL8*! =8++8+! $#8=%+%+! +7$(#*6"#%+0! 6!
#($%(67&68!+7.8(!2/80!8(!2/7+8!6%=7+!7+!&7>M8+!
$+7(7=7+!#=,*76(7+0!8Q#+6#7!7!68%*%"#7!+7"(7=7!8!%!
8((%! $%$/*7(0! %! $/*6%! +8$(86%! 8! 7+! $8(#(O&#7+!
$\.*#$7+0! 7! (8*#"#?%! =%+! +'.#%+! 8! 7! =%! L/*"%'! 5?%!
+8! 8&+#&7L7! +8&?%! /(! "8/+! 7%+! #&#$#7=%+! &%+!
(#+66(#%+3!.7+67!/(!(8*7&$8!=8!%*+%+!+%.(8!%!+#&%!
76(#./J=%! 7%! L8*+%! @(-8/0! 2/8! +8! $7&67L7! &%+!
(#+66(#%+! =8! !8(8+! <*8/+#&70! 6?%! $6*8.(8! &7!
</(%$7!8!&7!D+#7T!,!%&68($*7!7!&76/(8G7!=#L#&70!
#*/(#&7!68/!8+$J(#6%0!"%L8(&7!68/!$%(7>?%0!6(#*+7!%!
$7(#&+%!=7!*/+6#>73!2/8!%!"8/+!=%!$6/!8!=7!68((7!
8+68*7! +8($(8! $(8+8&68! 7%+! 68/+! %*+%+T! 8*8! 6!
\&#$%0!8Q#+68!$%(!+#!(8+(%3!6%=%+!%+!+8(8+!=8L8(:
*+8! 7! +/7! 8Q#+6K&$#73! 8*8! %+! +/+68&67! 7! 6%=%+3! 8*8!
*7(7#+! -%#! L#+6%! $8*%+! (%(67#+! 8! LK! 6%=7+! 7+!
$%#+7+'4!

291
Y/8! +8! *8#7! 7#&=7! 8+68! $7++%! =%! -#*,+%-%!
#'Q#(%! =8! #7=7/(%0! 8(! +/7! !7(67! 7! 17&6%!
<"%+6#&+%T! ,Y/7*! %! +%(8(! +/-#$#8&68(8&68!
"(%++8#(%!8!8+6\$#=%!$7(7!=/L#=7(!+7L8(!/(!"8/+!
+/$(8(%0!868(&%0!#&-#&#6%0!2/8!&7=7!8&"8&=(%/!=8!
+8(8*+7&68! 7! +#! $(,$(#%! 8! 2/8! 6! %! $7#! $%(/(! =8!
6%=7+!7+!$%#+7+U4'!
N'! (#*+7(8+! =8! $(%L7+! =8! 2/8! %+! +'.#%+!
7.%(#&7L7(! &?%! +,! 7! #=%*76(#7! (7+! 67(.6(! %!
$%*#68J+(%'!
<$#$686%0! 8++8! (%=8*%! =8! (8+#"&7>?%! 8!
$7$#K&$#70! 8++8! +%(8(! 6?%! "(7&=8! =8! /(7!
$%&=#>?%! 6?%! .7#Q70! &?%! -7*7! +8&?%! =8! /(! \&#$%!
"8/+'!<#+!/(7!=8!+/7+!('Q#(7+T!,"8/+!(8!$(#%/0!
"8/+! 8+6'! 7%! (8=%(! =8! (#(3! *8L%:%! $%(#"%! $%(!
6%=7! $7(68'! =%=8(#7! 8/! (7$/*':*%! $%(!
$8&+7(8&6%+! %.+$8&%+0! $%(! 7>M8+! #&*/+67+0! $%(!
=8+8*%+! #&-7(8+U! #8/! =8L8(! 6! 7"(7=8$8(! 7! "8/+!
$%(! 6/=%0! *%/L':*%! $%(! 6/=%! 8! &?%! $8++7(! =8! %!
.8&=#G8(!+8&?%!2/7&=%!$8++7(!=8!L#L8(4'!-%=7+!7+!
#=6#7+!=8!<$#$686%!"#(7(!+%.(8!8++8!$(#&$J$#%'!
#7($%! </(6*#%0! 6?%! "(7&=80! 2/#>'0! +%.(8! %!
6(%&%! =%! #($6(#%! (%(7&%0! $%(%! <$#$686%! &7!
8+$(7L#=?%0! -7*7! $%(! -(82ZK&$#70! (87*(8&680! =%+!
=8/+8+0! +8*7! $7(7! +8! $%&-%((7(! V! *#&"/7"8(!
$%((8&680! +8*7! $7(7! 8Q$(#(#(! +8(8+! #&68((8=#'(#%+!
8&6(8! %! 18(! 1/$(8(%! 8! %+! +%(8&+3! (7+! 8(!
2/7&6%+! $%&6%+! &?%! -7G! 8*8! 6(7&+$7(8$8(! 2/8!

292
7$8&7+! (8$%&+8$8! /(! "8/+! 868(&%0! #&-#&#6%X!
,5%++7! 7*(74! A! =#G! A! ,6! 7$8&7+! /(7! 8(7&7>?%!
=7! "#L#&=7=8'! #8/+! -#*+%+0! (8/! $%($%0! (8/+!
8+$J(#6%+0!LK(:(8!=8!"8/+'4!
@+! 8+6,#$%+0! %+! $*76O&#$%+0! 7=(#6#7(! /(7!
&76/(8G7! =#L#&7! 8! /&#L8(+7*3! %+! 8$#$/(#+67+!
&8"7L7(:&7'!@+!$%&6J-#$8+!&?%!$#67L7(!+8&?%!/(!
\&#$%! "8/+! &%+! +8/+! (#+66(#%+'! @&=80! $%#+0! %+!
#=,*76(7+U!
<*#'+0!6!/(!=%+!"(7&=8+!8((%+!=%!"#$6#%&&7#(8!
=8! #%(6(#! %! =#G8(! 2/8! &%! 68($%! =8! -8%=,+#%! %!
7%L8(! *'! &?%! 8Q#+6#7(! #=,*76(7+! +8&?%! &%+!
(8(%6%+!$7J+8+!=7!D+#7!8!=7!D-(#$7'!N7L#7!&7!B6'*#7!
(/#6%+! $%L%+! "8&6#%+! 7#&=70! (8+(%! &%! +66#(%!
+6$/*%'!@!&%(68!=7!<*8(7&+70!=8+=8!%!W8+8(0!&?%!
8(7!$(#+6?%!7%!68($%!=8!!7(*%+!#7"&%'!<!=%*O&#7!8!
6%=%!%!+868&6(#?%!-#$7(7(!*%&"%!68($%!=8$%#+!=8*8!
&%! 2/8! $+7(7(%+! #=%*76(#7'! <! (867=8! =7! D-(#$70!
6%=%+! %+! (8(%+! =8! 7*6(! 87&"8+0! %! 77$?%0! %!
$%$/*7$+%! =7! !+#&70! $8(! +%(=7+! =8! 6'(67(%+!
$%&+8(L7(7(! +8/! 7&6#"%! $/*6%'! <$8&7+! +'! &7!
</(%$7! 7*"/&+! *7$M8+0! 7*"/&+! +7(%#8=7+0! 7*"/&+!
6'(67(%+! 2/8! $8(+8L8(7(7(! &7! (8*#"#?%! =8! +8/+!
7L#6%+'!
-8((#&8(%+! $%(! -7G8(! &%67(! 2/80! &%+! 68($%+!
2/8! $+7(7(%+! 8&6(8! &,+! #=7=8! (6=#70!
$+7('L7(%+! 7%! $7J+! =%+! (7-%(#+67+! =7"R&#73!
6(76'L7(%+! =8! #=,*76(7+0! 7=%(7=%(8+! =8! #(7"8&+0!

293
/(! $%L%! 2/8! 7+! 7.%(#&7'! !%&-8++8(%+! 7#&=7!
/(7! L8G! 2/8! %+! 6/($%+! +?%! (7#+! 8+$/+'L8#+! =8!
&%+! */*"7(! #=,*76(7+! 2/7&=%! LK8(! &%++%+! 7*67(8+!
$7((8"7=%+!=8!#(7"8&+!8!=8!8+6'6/7+'!

294
$782,#2#&'

Y/8!=8L8!/(!$?%!7!/(!$?%0!/(!$7L7*%!7!/(!
$7L7*%U! 57=7'! 58&+/(! 7&#(7*! =8$8&=8! =8! +8/!
+8(8*+7&68'! -8&=%! $%(6(! %! +%(8(! (8$8.#=%! %!
(7#%!=7!"#L#&=7=8!2/8!+8!$+7(7!(7G?%0!2/7*!-%#!%!
(8+/*67=%U!18(!8+$(7L%!8(!2/7+8!6%=7!7!68((7'!
18!%!(/&=%!-%++8!%!2/8!$7(8$8!=8L8(!+8(0!#+6%!
60! +8! 8(! 6%=7! $7(68! %+! +%(8&+! 8&$%&6(7++8(!
+/.+#+6K&$#7!-'$#*!8!$8(67!8!$*#(7!7$(%$(#7=%!7!+/7!
&76/(8G70! #($%++JL8*! 68(#7! +#=%! 7! /(! +%(8(!
+8(L#(:+8! =8! %/6(%'! !%.(#++8:+8! %! "*%.%! =8! -(/6%+!
+7*/67(8+'!5?%!-%++8!L8J$/*%!=8!=%8&>7+!8!(%(68!%!
7(! 2/8! $%&6(#./#! $7(7! 7! 8Q#+6K&$#7! +/(7&7'!
=(8+$#&=#++8! %! +%(8(! =8! %/6(7! (%(7=7! 8! =8!
%/6(%!*8#6%!7*6(!=%!=%+!"7&+%+!8!$7$(%+!(%&68+8+0!
&?%! 68(#7(! %+! 88&"#+! !?+! 8! -7(8(*M8+! L7++7*%+!
+8&?%!%+!$(,$(#%+!-#*+%+0!%+!2/7#+!+8(#7(!.7+67&68!
L#(6/%+%+!$7(7!7/Q#*#':*%+!&7!L8*+#$8'!
5%! 8+67=%! &76/(7*! =8! 2/8! "%G7(! %+!
2/7=(\$8=8+0! 7L8+! 8! (6$68#+0! 6?%! -8*#G! $%(%! 8*8+!
+8(#7!%!+%(8(0!8!7!=%(#&7>?%0!2/#(8(70!7.+/(=%!
8(!2/8!&#&"/6(!$8&+7(#7T!$7(7!2/8!+8(L#=%(8+!+8!
&?%!6#L6++8#+!&8$8++#=7=8!=8!&8&+/(!+8(L#>%U!
<#&=7! 2/8! $7++7++8! $8*%! 8+$J(#6%! =8! 7*"/(!
#&=#LJ=/%!=8!.%-8+!6#(R&#$%+!8!.(7>%+!#($7$#8&68+!
$%(! +/.(868(! +8/! L#G#&+%! (8&%+! -%(68! 2/8! 8*80! 7!
$%#+7! +8(#7! #($%++JL8*T! 7&68+! 2/8! %! %$(8++%(!
295
6#L8++8!6%(7=%!+/7+!(8=#=7+!%!%$(#(#=%!8+67(#7!7!
$8(!*6"/7+!=8!=#+6R&$#7'!
-%=%+! %+! +%(8&+! +8(#7(! &8$8++7(#7(8&68!
#"/7#+0! +8! &?%! 6#L8++8(! $(8$#+M8+'! <! (#+6(#7! 2/8!
7L7++7*7! 7! &%++7! 8+$6$#8! +/.%(=#&7! %! +%(8(! 7%!
+%(8(!A!@!L8(=7=8#(%!(7*!&?%!6!7!=8+#"/7*=7=8T!
6! 7! =8$8&=K&$#7'! =%/$%! #($%(67! $+7(7(:+8! 67*!
+%(8(! 1/7! <*68G70! 67*! %/6(%! 1/7! 17&6#=7=8'!
"/(%!$%(6(!6!+8(L#(!/(!7%!%/6(%'!
C(7! -7(J*#7! &/(8(%+7! $/*6#L%/! /(! .%(!
68((8&%'! "/7+! -7(J*#7+! L#G#&+7+! 6K(! $7($%+!
#&"(76%+! 8! (8.8*=8+T! #($M8:+8:*+8+! +8(L#(! %/!
8*#(#&7(! 7! -7(J*#7! %$/*8&67'! C(7! =7+! =/7+!
-7(J*#7+!#&=#"8&68+!L7#!%-8(8$8(!+8/+!.(7>%+!V!(#$7!
$7(7!68(!$?%'!<!%/6(7!L7#!767$':*7!8!6!=8((%67=7'!<!
-7(J*#7! +8(L8&68! 6! -%&68! =8! $(#7=%+! 8! %$8('(#%+'! <!
-7(J*#7!+/.*/"7=7!6!-%&68!=8!8+$(7L%+'!
B($%++JL8*0! &8+68! (/&=%! (#+8('L8*0! 2/8! 7!
+%$#8=7=8! +/(7&7! &?%! +8*7! =#L#=#=7! 8(! =/7+!
$*7++8+0! /(7! =8! %$(8++%(8+0! %/6(7! =8! %$(#(#=%+'!
<++7+!=/7+!$*7++8+!+8!+/.=#L#=8(!8(!(#*!%/6(7+0!
8++7+! %/6(7+! 8(! +8(! $%&6%! =8! $7(.#7&68+!
=#-8(8&68+'!
58(! 6%=%+! %+! %$(#(#=%+! +?%! 7.+%*/67(8&68!
=8+"(7>7=%+'!<!(7#%(!$7(68!&7+$8!&8++8!8+67=%0!8!
%! 6(7.7*+%! $%&6J&/%! #($8=8:%+! =8! +8&6#(! 6%=7! 7!
(#+6(#7! =7! $(,$(#7! +#6/7>?%'! Y/7&=%! 7! +8&68(0!
$%(6(0! +?%! "/8((7+0! $%(%! 7! =%! $7(6#=%! $%$/*7(!

296
$%&6(7! %! $7(6#=%! =%! +8&7=%! 8(! %(70! 7+! =%+!
$7($%&8+8+! &7! <*8(7&+70! B&"*768((70! )(7&>7'!
#7#+! $8=%! %/! (7#+! 67(=8! 6%=7+! 8++7+! "/8((7+!
=8+-8$+7(! $%(! 7! +/.(#++?%! =%! $%L%0! $%(2/8! %+!
$%=8(%+%+!6K(!=#&+8#(%!8!%!=#&+8#(%!6/=%!$%=8!&%!
8+67=%'! "#"%! &%! 8+67=%0! $%(2/8! %! (8+(%! &?%! +8!
='! =8! &7>?%! $7(7! &7>?%'! <! &7>?%! 2/8! (8*+%(! +8!
+8(L#(! =%! -8((%! +8($(8! +/.*/"7('! 7! 2/80! 8(.%(7!
(7#+!(#$70!6#L8(!(8&%+!$%(7"8('!
-%=%!+%(8(!&7+$8!$%(!-%(68!#&$*#&7>?%!$7(7!
%! =%(J&#%0! 7! (#2/8G70! %+! $(7G8(8+! 8! +%.(86/=%!
$7(7!7!#&=%*K&$#7'!-%=%!+%(8(!$%(67&6%!2/8(8(#7!
8+67(!=8!$%++8!=%!=#&+8#(%!8!=7+!(/*+8(8+!%/!=7+!
-#*+7+! =%+! %/6(%+0! +8(:*+8+! +8&+%(0! +/*8#6':*%+! 7!
6%=%+! %+! +8/+! $7$(#$+%+! 8! &7=7! -7G8(! %/! $8*%!
(8&%+! +,! -7G8(! $%#+7+! (/#6%! 7"(7='L8#+'! 58=8+!
2/8!$%(!8+67+!8Q$8*8&68+!=#+$%+#>M8+!6!6?%!=#-J$#*!
7%+! +%(8&+! +8(! #"/7#+! 2/7&6%! 7! =%#+! $(8"7=%(8+!
%/!$(%-8++%(8+!=8!68%*%"#7!&?%!+8!#&L8*7(8('!
-7*! $%(%! 60! #($%++JL8*! %! "K&8(%! +/(7&%!
+/.+#+6#(0!7!(8&%+!2/8!+7*7!#&-#&#=7=8!=8!+%(8&+!
\68#+!2/8!&7=7!$%++/7('!=%(2/80!$*7(%!6!2/8!/(!
+%(8(! +76#+-8#6%! &?%! =8#Q7('! +/7! 68((7! $7(7! L#(!
*7L(7(! 7! L%++7'! <! +8! 6#L8(=8+! &8$8++#=7=8! =8! /(!
$7(!=8!+7$76%+0!&?%!+8('!/(!(8-8(8&='(#%!2/8!L%:
*%!-7(''!B"/7*=7=8!6!$%#+!7!$%#+7!(7#+!&76/(7*!8!7%!
(8+(%!68($%!7!(7#+!2/#(6(#$7'!

297
!%(%! +8! 8Q$8=8(! 8(! 6/=%! 2/8! =8*8+!
=8$8&=70! %+! +%(8&+! 8Q7"8(7(7(! 8++7!
=8+#"/7*=7=8'! =(868&=8/:+8! 8(! (/#6%+! $7J+8+!
$(%#.#(! 7%+! $#=7=?%+! +7#(! =%! */"7(! 8(! 2/8! 7!
L8&6/(7! %+! -#G8(7! &7+$8('! @! +8&6#=%! =8++7! *8#! 6!
L#+#L8*(8&68T! <+68! $7#+! 6! 6?%! (7/! 8! 6?%! (7*!
"%L8(&7=%! 2/8! L8=7(%+! 7! 6%=%! #&=#LJ=/%! =8*8!
+7#(0! $%(! 68(%(! 2/8! 6%=%+! %! =8+8(68('! )7G8#!
(8*+%(T! #&-/&=#! 8(! 6%=%+! %+! L%++%+! +\=#6%+! %!
=8+8*%! =8! $8((7&8$8(! 8(! L%++%! 8+67=%0! 8! 7%+!
8+6(7&"8#(%+!%!=8+8*%!=8!$7(7!7J!L#('!
5%+! J&6#(%+! (8-%*+%+!=%!$%(7>?%!6%=%!+%(8(!
68(! =#(8#6%! =8! $(8(:+8! =8! 6%=%! $%&6%! #"/7*! 7%+!
%/6(%+!+%(8&+'!"7J!&?%!+8"/8!=8L8(!%!$%G#&+8#(%!
=8!/(!$7(=87*!%(=8&7(!7!+8/!+8&+%(!2/8!*+8!-7>7!
%! *7&67(3! $%=8! 6%=7L#7! =#G8(T! ,1%/! 6?%! +%(8(!
$%(%! (8/! 7(%3! &7+$#! $%(%! 8*8! $+%(7&=%3! $%(%!
8/! 8*8! (%((8('! &7+! (8+(7+! 7&"\+6#7+! 8! $%(! 7+!
(8+(7+! $8(#(O&#7+'! -8(%+! 7(.%+! 7+! (8+(7+!
-/&>M8+! 7&#(7#+'! 18! %+! 6/($%+! +8! 7$%=8(7(8(! =8!
%(7!8!8/!L#(7(!$7(=87*!8!(8/!+8&+%(!$%G#&+8#(%0!
6%(':*%:8#! 7! (8/! +8(L#>%4'! -/=%! #++%! 6! (7G%'L8*!8!
*/+6%'! #7+0! 8&2/7&6%! %! "(?%! 6/($%! &?%! +8!
7++8&+%(87(! =8! %(70! %! $%G#&+8#(%! $(8$#+7!
$/($(#(! +/7+! %.(#"7>M8+0! %/! 6%=7! 7! +/(7&#=7=8!
+8!$8(L8(68(#7'!
C(! +%(8(! 2/8! &?%! +8*7! $%G#&+8#(%! =8!
$7(=87*!&8(!%$/$8!&8&+/(!$7("%!&%!8+67=%3!/(!
$7(6#$/*7(! 2/8! &7=7! 68&+7! =8! +8/! (7+! 7! 2/8(!

298
(8$/"&8! %! +8(! 8(! 6%=7! $7(68! (8$8.#=%! $%(! 7(! =8!
$(%68>?%! %/! =8+$(8G%3! /(! +%(8(! 2/8! L8*7! 2/8!
(/#6%+! (%&+#"&%(#! &?%! 6K(! (7#+! $#K&$#70! &8(!
(7#+!8+$J(#6%0!&8(!(7#+!L#(6/=8!2/8!8*80!8!2/8!+8!
8&-7=8! =8! 8+$8(7(! 8(! +/7+! 7&68$R(7(7+0! 2/8!
$7(6#=%!=8L8!6%(7(U!@!=7!(%(68'!

299
$"+&*"('

"8+=8!2/8!%+!+%(8&+!$%(8>7(7(!7!L#L8(!8(!
+%$#8=7=8! =8L8(! 68(! $8($8.#=%! 2/8! &?%! $%/$%+!
$(#(#&%+%+! 8+$7$7L7(! '! +8L8(#=7=8! =7+! *8#+'!
=/&#7(:+8! %+! $(#(8+! $\.*#$%+T! (8+67L7!
8+67.8*8$8(!/(!-(8#%!$7(7!%+!$(#(8+!+8$(86%+'!1,!7!
(8*#"#?%! $%=8(#7! +8(! 8++8! -(8#%'! =8(+7+0! $7*=8/+0!
8"J$$#%+0! "(8"%+0! #(7"#&7(7(! $7+6#"%+! =8$%#+! =7!
(%(68'!"8!6%=%+!%+!$%L%+!7&6#"%+!2/8!$%&+8$8(%+!
-%(7(! %+! */=8/+! %+! \&#$%+! 2/8! &?%! 7=(#6#7(!
+8&?%!$7+6#"%+!68($%(7#+'! #=J$/*%!6!$(8(!%/!-#&"#(!
$(8(0! .7+87&=%:+8! 8(! $7++%+! %.+$/(J++#(%+0! 2/8!
7+!7&6#"7+!*8#+!*/=7#$7+!7$8#67L7(!7!8Q#+6K&$#7!=%!
#&-8(&%0! &%! E8LJ6#$%! $%(%! &%! "8$'*%"%0! 2/7&=%! %!
7/6%(! =8! 67#+! *8#+! &?%! =#G! /(7! \&#$7! $7*7L(7! 2/8!
$%++7!68(!7!(8&%(!(8*7>?%!$%(!%+!$7+6#"%+!=7!L#=7!
-/6/(7'! -8(:+8:#7! =#(8#6%! =8! =#G8(! 7%! (8=76%(! =%!
=8&6768/$%T!,1%#+!/(!+%(8(!#&$%&+82Z8&680!+8(!
$(%.#=7=8! 8! -7*6%! =8! +8&+%0! #&68#(7(8&68! #&=#"&%!
=%! &%(8! =8! *8"#+*7=%(! 2/8! L%+! 7((%"7#+'! !%(%!
$%&+8$8#+!/(!=%"(7!6?%!7*67(8&68!(8-(87=%(0!6?%!
&8$8++'(#%! 7%! $%L%! $%(%! 6! %! =%! #&-8(&%0! 8! &?%! %!
7&/&$#7+68+! 8Q$(8++7(8&68U! <&2/7&6%! %!
7=(#68(! 6%=7+! 7+! &7>M8+! 2/8! L%+! $8($7(0!
$%&68&67#:L%+!8(!=8#Q7(!7=#L#&+7(!8+68!=%"(7!$%(!
$%(8&67(#+67+! 2/8! L#(?%! 2/76(%! (#*! 7&%+! =8$%#+!
=8! L,+! 8! 2/8! 6%($8(?%! L%++7+! $7*7L(7+! $7(7!
8&$%&6(7(! %! 2/8! &?%! =#++8+68+U! 180! $%&+8$8&=%!
8++8! =%"(70! =8*8! &?%! -#G8+68+! 7! .7+8! =7! L%++7!
300
(8*#"#?%0! %/! +%#+! /(! #"&%(7&68! 2/8! &?%! +7.#7! +8(!
8++7! $(8&>7! /&#L8(+7*! &%! <"#6%0! !7*=6#7! 8! =6(+#70!
%/!+%#+!/(!+%(8(!$8++#(7(8&68!7L#+7=%4'!
Y/7&=%! (/#6%! $%=#7(! %/! 7/6%(8+! =7+! *8#+!
*/=7#$7+! (8+$%&=8(T! ,"8! -76%! +%(%+! (/#6%!
#"&%(7&68+'! "8! -76%! 7$(8&=8(%+! 7! 8+$(8L8(!
=8(7+#7=7(8&68! 67(=8'! "8! -76%! &%++%! $%L%! 8(7!
/(7!+%(=7!+8*L7"8(!8!.'(.7(7!2/80!$%&-8++7(%+0!
8((%/!$8(6%!=8!(8#%!+6$/*%!$%(!J&L#%+!=8+8(6%+'!"8!
-76%! /+/($7(%+! /(! =#(#&/6%! $7J+! $8*7+! (7#+!
%=#%+7+! (7$#&7+! 8! 7+! (7#+! &8-7&=7+! $(/8*=7=8+!
2/8! (8"#+67! 7! +#+6,(#7'! 5?%! 6J&+7(%+! %! (8&%(!
$%(6($#%!$%(!7+!&7>M8+!$%*#$#7=7+T!$%(%!2/8(J8#+!
2/8!#&L8&6'++8(%+!A!&,+0!%+!(7#+!68((8+6(8+!=%+!
+%(8&+!A!/(!+#+68(7!6%67*(8&68!8+$#(#6/7*U'!
,5?%! &%+! +8(LJ7(%+! =7! $7*7L(7!
$%((8+$%&=8&68! 7! 7*(7! +8&?%! $7(7! 8Q$(#(#(! 7!
L#=7'! 5?%! $%&+8$8(%+! &%++%! "8/+! 8! +8/+!
(#&#+6(%+0! +8/+! 7&*%+0! +8&?%! $%(%! 8&68+!
$%($%(7#+T!7!=#+6#&>?%!=8!7*(7!8!$%($%0!7!#=6#7!=8!
/(7! L#=7! 7$,+! 7! (%(68! +,! $%=8(! +8(! -(/6%! =8!
*%&"7! (8=#67>?%! 8! -#*%+%-#7! (/#6%! -#&7'! =8("/&67#!
7%+! +%68&6%68+! 8! 7%+! &8"(%+0! 2/8! +7.#67(! /(!
$7J+!$8(!L8G8+!(7#%(!2/8!%!&%++%0!+8!$%&+8$8(!7!
L#=7! -/6/(7'! !(8(%+! +7L8(! -8#6%! (/#6%!
$8(+/7=#&=%! &%++%! $%L%! =8! 2/8! "8/+! $/&#7! %+!
(7*-8#6%(8+!766!7!2/7(67!"8(7>?%!-%++8!$8*7!*8$(73!
-%++8! $%(! (%(68+! +\.#67+0! -%++8! $8*7! $8(=7! =%!
$%/$%!2/8!$%++/J++8(4'!

301
8$*#$7(:+8:#7! 7! 8++7! 7$%*%"#7T! ,5,+!
#&L8&67+68+! /(! +#+68(7! $/*%! (#=J$/*%! 8&6(7! $8*%+!
%*+%+T!%!(7*-8#6%(!.8(!7.%*867=%!&7!L#=7!8!$%(!7!
-7(J*#7! 7! $(%+$8(7(! =8L#7! &76/(7*(8&68! (#(:+8! =8!
L,+4'!
8+$%&=8(#7! %! 7$%*%"#+67! =7! *8#! */=7#$7T!
,<&"7&7#:L%+T! $7(7! /(! $(#(#&%+%! 2/8!
(7$#%$#&7++8! .8(! +7L8(#7! $8(! 2/8! &8(!
(7$#%$#&7(#7('! <2/8*8! 2/80! $%(86#=%! /(! $(#(80!
&?%!+8!+8&6#++8!$/&#=%!&7!$(,$(#7!$8++%7!&8(!&7!
=%!-#*+%0!68(8(#7!$8*%!&86%'!"8(7#+0!+8!&?%!6#L8++8!
+%*8! 7*"/(7! \*$8(7! 7+2/8(%+70! 7! 2/8!
-(82Z8&68(8&68!8+67(%+!+/*8#6%+0!6K:*7:#7!7%!$7.%!
=8! 7*"/&+! 7&%+'! <(! 6%=7! -7(J*#7! +%.(8LK(!
=8+"(7>7+! 8! -'$#*! &%+! 8(7! -7GK:*7+! $(8(! 8&L#7=7+!
$8*7!(?%!=#L#&70!L#&"7=%(7!=7+!-7*67+!+8$(867+4'!
18(#7! -'$#*! (86(/$7(! 7! 8++7! (8+$%+670! =#G8&=%T!
,5%++7! 8+$/+7! 6! #&$%&+#+68&680! $%#+! =#7(#7(8&68!
$8++%7+!+%&8+67+!$8(=8(!7!+7\=8!8!%+!.8&+'!<!+8!
&?%! +'! -7(J*#7! 7! 2/8! &?%! 7$%&68>7(! #&-%(6\&#%+0!
8! +8! 67#+! #&-%(6\&#%+! +?%! $7+6#"%+! =8! "8/+0! 8&6?%!
6%=7+! 7+! L%++7+! -7(J*#7+! 8(7(! -7(J*#7+! =8!
8+67-7=%(8+4'!
@! $7=(8! */=8/! 7#&=7! $%=8(#7! (86%(2/#('! "#(#7!
8Q#+6#(8(! (7*8+! $(,$(#%+! =7! &76/(8G7! +/(7&7! 8!
(7*8+! 8Q$(8++7(8&68! 8&L#7=%+! $%(! "8/+'! #7+!
-7(:+8:#7! L8(! 7! 8++8! (7$#%$#&7=%(! %! 2/7&6%! 6!

302
(#=J$/*%! $8&+7(! +8(! 7! -8.(8! 8! %! "(7&#G%! %(7!
$/&#>?%!=#L#&70!%(7!8-8#6%!&76/(7*'!
<&-#(0! -7(#+8/+! 8! 8++K&#%+0! 8&6(8! %+! */=8/+0!
7=(#6#(7(! 7! $(8&>7! =8! /(! #&-8(&%! 7! +/7! (%=7'!
<++8!=%"(7!*'!$7++7(7!=8!"(8"%+!7!(%(7&%+0!8!-%#!
$8(-#*+7=%!$8*%+!$(#+6?%+'!
#/#6%+! +7&6%+! =7! #"(8*7! &?%! 7$(8=#67(7(! &7+!
$8&7+! 868(&7+'! =7(8$#7:*+8+! 7.+/(=%! 6%((7(!
868(&7(8&68! /(! $%.(8! =#7.%! +,! $%(! +7L8(!
(%/.7=%! /(7! $7.(7'! <(! L?%! $*7(7! 5#("J*#%! &%!
+8Q6%!$7&6%!=7!<&8#=7T!
:::'94541')414+&3&834'$454=.1'
.&04#.%')*4$43$!.293'!
<(! L?%! $(868&=8! 7$+7(:+8! -8+8/! $7(7! 6%=%!%!
+8($(8!+8&67=%!&/(7!$7=8#(70!+8&=%!67*!$%+6/(7!
%! +8/! +/$*J$#%'! !(#7(! %/6(%+! +8(! -8+8/! /(! +8(,#!
2/8! &?%! +8! 7$+7! &%! #&-8(&%0! (7+! &%+! !7($%+!
<*J+8%+'!
5?%! +'! (/#6%! /(! $#8=%+%! 8! +%&(7=%!
+/"/8&%68.2H3! $(8"%/! 8! 8+$(8L8/! 2/8! /(! =#7! %+!
$(8$#6%+! 68(#7(! +/7! (8($K0! 2/8! $/($(#7! +7L8(!
$(%$%(>?%!8&6(8!$8$7=%!8!+/$*J$#%!8!2/8!7!-7*67!=8!
/(! (%(8&6%! &?%! $%=#7! (8(8$8(! /(! $7+6#"%!
#&-#&#6%'! @+! $7=(8+! +8/+! $%&-(7=8+! =8$/+8(7(!
8++8! */#G! #&=/*"8&68'! "#++8:*+8! /(! =8*8+T! ,#8/!
$7(%0! &?%! $(8#%! &%! #&-8(&%! (7#+! 2/8! L%$K'! #7+! 6!

303
.%(! 2/8! %! $(8#7(! 7! +/7! $(#7=70! %! +8/! 7*-7#768! 8!
67(.6(!%!+8/!$(%$/(7=%(4'!

304
$"8"#245('

-8('! 8Q#+6#=%! /(! 68($%! 8(! 2/8! %! "*%.%! -%#!


#&68#(7(8&68! #&/&=7=%U! B++%! 6! -#+#$7(8&68!
#($%++JL8*'!
=%=8! +8(! 2/80! +/$8++#L7(8&680! %! (7(! 68&+7!
$%.8(6%!6%=7+!7+!68((7+0!/(7+!7$,+!%/6(7+3!8!#+6%!
&?%! $%=8! 68(! 7$%&68$#=%! +8&?%! "(7=76#L7! 8!
*8&67(8&680! &/(7! $(%=#"#%+7! +6(#8! =8! +6$/*%+'! @!
(7(0! 8(! 2/#&+8&6%+! 7&%+0! (86#(%/:+8! =8! D"/7+!
#%(67+0! =8! )(8*/+0! =8! 7L8&70! 2/8! 8(7(! "(7&=8+!
$%(6%+0! 8! =8#Q%/! $8($7! =8! =/7+! *6"/7+! =8! 68((8&%!
8(!+8$%'!#8=#7&68!8++7!$(%"(8++?%!6!8L#=8&68!2/8!
*+8! 68(#7(! +#=%! &8$8++'(#%+! =%#+! (#*+M8+! 8!
=/G8&6%+! 8! $#&2Z8&67! (#*! 7&%+! $7(7! =7(! L%*67! 7%!
&%++%! $*7&867'! )76%! .8(! &%6'L8*! 6! 2/8! 8++8!
$8(J%=%! +8! 7$(%Q#(7! (/#6%! =%! 2/8! +8(#7! $(8$#+%!
7%!8#Q%!=7!68((7!$7(7!+8!*8L7&67(!8!$%#&$#=#(!$%(!%!
82/7=%(T! (%L#(8&6%! (/#6%! L8(%++J(#*! 2/8! +'!
$#&2Z8&67! 7&%+! $%(8>%/! 7! L8&6#*7(:+80! 8! 2/8!
(82/8(! $7(7! 7! +/7! 8-86/7>?%! /(! 8+$7>%! =8! (7#+!
=8!=%#+!(#*+M8+!8!6(8G8&6%+!(#*!7&%+'!
@+!*8#6%+0!7+!$7(7=7+!=8!$%&$+7+!=8+$%.8(67+!
$%(! 6%=7+! 7+! $%+67+! 7! +8++8&670! 7! %#68&670! 7! $8(!
*6"/7+! (8+(%! =%! (7(0! $%&+6#6/8(! $(%L7!
#&$%&68+6'L8*!=8!2/8!8*8!=8$%+#6%/!$%/$%!7!$%/$%!
+8/+!$(%=/6%+!(7(#&+%+!+%.(8!68((8&%+!2/8!8(7(!
%/6(%(7!7+!(7("8&+!=%!%$87&%3!$%(6(!2/8!7!'"/7!

305
68&+7!$%.8(6%!#&68#(7(8&68!6%=%!%!"*%.%!=8!/(7!
L8G0! 6! &7! -J+#$7! /(7! 2/#(8(7! 7.+/(=7!
=8(%&+6(7=7! $%(%! #($%++JL8*! $8*7+! *8#+! =7!
"(7L#=7=80! $8*7+! *8#+! =%+! -*/#=%+0! $8*7!
#&+/-#$#K&$#7! =7! 2/7&6#=7=8! =8! '"/7'! 5?%! 2/8! +8!
$(868&=7! 767$7(! =8! -%((7! 7*"/(7! 7! "(7&=8!
L8(=7=8! =%! =#*\L#%! /&#L8(+7*0! (8*767=7! &%!
=8&6768/$%T! 7%! $%&6('(#%0! 6! /(! (#*7"(80! $%(67&6%!
6!$(8$#+%!$(K:*%3!6!/(!(#*7"(80!$%(67&6%!&?%!$O=8!
68(!+#=%!8Q8$/67=%!$%(!*8#+!-J+#$7+'!
-/=%!6!(#*7"(8!&7!+#+6,(#7!=%!=#*\L#%T!(#*7"(8!
2/8!2/7(8&67!=#7+!=8!$+/L7!68&+7(!#&/&=7=%!7+!
2/76(%! $7(68+! =%! (/&=%! 8! 2/8! 7! '"/7! 68&+7! +8!
8*8L7=%! 2/#&G8! $OL7=%+! 7! $#(7! =8! 6%=7+! 7+! (7#+!
7*67+! (%&67&+7+3! (#*7"(8! 2/8! 68&+7(! 8Q#+6#=%!
$767(767+0! $%(67+0! 7.8(6/(7+! &%! $6/3! (#*7"(8! 2/8!
6%=%+!%+!7&#(7#+!+8!68&+7(!=#(#"#=%!$7(7!7!<($70!
L#&=%+!=8!6%=7+!7+!$7(68+!=%!(/&=%3!(#*7"(8!2/8!
5%6! 68&+7! 8&$%&6(7=%! $%(! 2/8! 7*#(8&6':*%+!
=/(7&68!+8#+!(8+8+3!(#*7"(8!2/8!6%=%+!%+!7&#(7#+!
68&+7(! $7.#=%! &7! <($70! $%(! 6%=7+! +/7+!
$(%L#+M8+3! (#*7"(8! 2/8! 7! (7#%(#7! &?%! 68&+7!
(%((#=%3!(#*7"(8!2/8!68&+7(!8&$%&6(7=%!$%(!2/8!
+8!&/6(#(!7%!+7#(!=7!<($73!(#*7"(80!7#&=70!(7+!=8!
%/6(7! 8+$6$#80! 2/8! /(! 67*! E8! =8**86#8(! .223! 68&+7!
*/*"7=%! 8Q$*#$7(! $%(%! 6%=%+! %+! 7&#(7#+! $/=8(7(!
$7.8(!8!&/6(#(:+8!&76/(7*(8&68!&7!<($7!=8!5%6'!
@(70! +8&=%! 7! +#+6,(#7! =%! =#*\L#%!7!$%#+7!(7#+!
(#(7$/*%+7! =8! 2/8! *7(7#+! +8! -7*%/0! #&+8&+76%!

306
+8(#7! %! 8Q$*#$':*7T! 6(767:+8! =8! (#+66(#%+! 2/8! +8!
7$(8=#67(!$8*7!-63!8!7!-6!$%&+#+68!8(!$(8(!&%!2/8!7!
(7G?%! 7.+%*/67(8&68! &?%! $(K0! %! 2/8! $%&+6#6/#0!
7#&=70!%/6(%!(#*7"(8'!
<++#(!7!+#+6,(#7!=%!=#*\L#%!/&#L8(+7*!6!$%(%!7!
=7! 6%((8! =8! %7.8*0! =7! ./((7! =8! %7*7?%0! =7! 2/8=7!
=8! 78(#$,! 7%! +%(! =7+! 6(%(.867+0! =7+! '"/7+!
6(7&+-%((7=7+! 8(! +7&"/80! =7! $7++7"8(! =%! #7(!
58((8*+%! 8! =8! 6%=%+! %+! $(%=J"#%+! 2/8! "8/+! +8!
=#"&%/! -7G8(! 8(! -7L%(! =%+! 8*8#6%+! =8! +8/! $%L%3!
6(767:+8! =8! $(%-/&=8G7+! 2/8! %! 8+$J(#6%! +/(7&%!
&?%!$%=8!+%&=7('!

307
$**2%$("2$-'

Y/8! #&"8&/#=7=80! 2/8! $%.(8G7! =8! 8+$J(#6%0!


=#G8(!2/8!%+!#((7$#%&7#+!+?%!('2/#&7+!$(#L7=7+!=8!
$%&+8$#(8&6%! 8! +8&6#(8&6%0! 2/8! $(%$8=8(!
+8($(8!=7!(8+(7!(7&8#(70!2/8!&7=7!7$(8&=8(0!
&7=7!7$8(-8#>%7(X.2I3!
<&6?%! 72/8*7! 7L8! 2/8! -7G! +8/! &#&+%! 8(!
+8(#$J($/*%! 2/7&=%! %! 8&$7#Q7! &/(7! $7(8=80! 8(!
2/7(6%!=8!$J($/*%!2/7&=%!%!8&"7+67!&/(!R&"/*%!8!
8(! $J($/*%! 2/7&=%! %! $8&=/(7! &/(7! '(L%(80!
$(%$8=8! 72/8*7! 7L8! +8($(8! =7! (8+(7! (7&8#(7U!
<++8!$?%!=8!$7>7!2/8!=#+$#$*#&7+68!&?%!+7.8!(7#+!
7"%(7! =%! 2/8! 7&68+! =8! 6/7+! *#>M8+U! @! $7&'(#%! 7!
2/8! 8&+#&7+! /(7! '(#70! (8$868:7! 8*8! &%! (8+(%!
#&+67&68U! 5?%! *8L7+! /(! 68($%! $%&+#=8('L8*! 8(!
8&+#&':*%U!5?%!LK+!$%(%!8*8!8((7!8!+8!$%((#"8U!
18('! $%(2/8! -7*%! 2/8! */*"7+! 2/8! 68&+%!
+8&6#(8&6%0! (8(,(#70! #=6#7+U! =%#+! .8(0! $7*%:(8'!
5K+:(8! 8&6(7(! 8(! $7+7! 7-*#6%0! $(%$/(7(! /(!$7$8*!
$%(! #&2/#86/=80! 7.(#(! 7! 8+$(#L7&#&+70! %&=8! (8!
*8(.(7! 6K:*%! "/7(=7=%0! 8&$%&6(':*%0! *K:*%! $%(!
7*8"(#7'! =8($8.8+! 2/8! 8Q$8(#(8&68#! %+!
+8&6#(8&6%+! =8! 7-*#>?%! 8! $(7G8(0! 2/8! 68&+%!
(8(,(#7!8!$%&+8$#(8&6%'!
5K!$%(!%+!(8+(%+!%*+%+!8++8!$?%!2/8!$8(=8/!
%! 7(%! 8! $(%$/(7:%! $%(! 6%=7! $7(68! $%(! "7&#=%+!
=%*%(%+%+0!8&6(7!8(!$7+7!7"#67=%0!#&2/#86%0!=8+$8!
308
8! +%.8! 8! L7#! =8! 7$%+8&6%! 8(! 7$%+8&6%! 8! 8&-#(!
8&$%&6(7! &%! "7.#&868! %! 8&68! 7(7=%0! 7! 2/8(!
(7&#-8+67! +/7! 7*8"(#7! $8*7! 68(&/(7! =%+! *7=(#=%+0!
$%(!+7*6%+!8!$7(J$#7+'!
%'(.7(%+! 7"7((7(! 8++8! $?%0! 2/8! 6?%!
$(%=#"#%+7(8&68! L8&$8! %! +%(8(! 8(! 7(#G7=80!
$(8"7(:&%!8(!$#(7!=8!/(7!(8+7!8!=#++8$7(:&%!
L#L%! $7(7! (%+6(7(:68! +/7+! L8#7+! (8+7(7#$7+'!
"8+$%.(8+! &8*8! 6%=%+! %+! (8+(%+! ,("?%+! =8!
+8&6#(8&6%! =8! 2/8! 68! "7.7+'! 8+$%&=8:(80!
(72/#&#+670! 68(#7! 7! &76/(8G7! 8&6(%+7=%! &8++8!
7&#(7*! 6%=%+! %+! 8*766(#%+! =%! +8&6#(8&6%! +8(!
%.*86#L%! 7*"/(U! -8('! &8(L%+! $7(7! +8(! #&+8&+JL8*U!
5?%! #&2/#&8+! V! &76/(8G7! 6?%! #($8(6#&8&68!
$%&6(7=#>?%'!
=8("/&67(! %+! (8+6(8+! =7! 8+$%*7! %! 2/8! 6!
8&6?%! 7! 7*(7! =%+! #((7$#%&7#+'! 5?%! 8&68&=%! 7!
$8("/&67'!<!'(L%(8!68(!7!-7$/*=7=8!=8!(8$8.8(!8(!
+/7+!-#.(7+!7!+8#L7!2/8!$#($/*70!=8!=8+8&L%*L8(!%+!
.%6M8+!=7+!-%*+7+!8!=%+!-(/6%+T!$8("/&67(:(8:8#+!%!
2/8! 6! 7! 7*(7! =7! '(L%(8U! <*7! (8$8.8/! 8+68+! =%&+'!
@! 7&#(7*! -%#! $%&68($*7=%! $%(! %+! =%&+! =%!
+8&6#(8&6%0! =7! (8(,(#70! =8! $8(6%! &\(8(%! =8!
#=6#7+'! Y/8(! $(#%/! 8++8+! =%&+U! Y/8(! *+8+!
%/6%("%/! 8++7+! -7$/*=7=8+U! <2/8*8! 2/8! -7G!
$(8+$8(! 7! 8(L7! =%+! $7($%+! 8! "(7L#67(! 7! -8((7! 8(!
6%(&%!=%!1%*'!

309
<+! 7*(7+! =%+! .(/6%+! +?%! -%((7+!
+/.+67&$#%+7+0! =#++8! <(#+6,68*8+! 8! =8$%#+! =8!
<(#+6,68*8+!7!8+$%*7!'(7.80!=8$%#+!=7!8+$%*7!'(7.8!
7! 8+$%*7! 7&"6*#$70! =8$%#+! =7! 8+$%*7! 7&"6*#$7! 7!
1%(.%&&8!8!=8$%#+!=7!1%(.%&&8!&#&"/6('!
<+! 7*(7+! =%+! .(/6%+! +?%! (768(#7#+0!
$(%$*7(7(! %/6(%+! -#*,+%-%+0! &8(! (7#+! &8(!
(8&%+! -8*#G8+! 2/8! %+! $(#(8#(%+'! <(! L?%!
$8("/&6%/:+8:*+8+! %! 2/8! 6! 7*(7! (768(#7*T!
$(8$#+7(! $%&L#(! 8(! 2/8! 6! 7! (766(#7! 2/8! +8&68'!
#7+! 2/8(! =8/! +8&+#.#*#=7=8! V! (766(#7U! <*(7!
(768(#7*'''! Y/8(! =#G8(! 2/8! 6! 7! (766(#7! 2/8! ='!
+8&+#.#*#=7=8! V! (766(#7'! <! &?%! +78(! =8++8!
$J($/*%'!
@/L#! %/6(7! +%(68! =8! #((7$#%&7#+! (7$#%&7&=%!
+%.(8!%+!#((7$#%&7#+T!<!7*(7!=%+!.(/6%+!6!/(!+8(!
8+$#(#6/7*! 2/8! (%((8! $%(! %! $%($%'! Y/8! $(%L7!
68&=8+! =#++%U! Y/8! #=6#7! $%&$8.8#+! =8++8! +8(!
8+$#(#6/7*! 2/8! 8(! L8(=7=8! 68(! +8&6#(8&6%0!
(8(,(#7! 8! +/7! (8=#=7! =8! #=6#7+! 8! 7++%$#7>M8+0!
(7+! 2/8! *7(7#+! $%=8('! +7.8(! %! 2/8! +7.8! /(7!
$(#7&>7! =8! =8G! 7&%+U! @+! (7#%(8+! #((7$#%&7#+! +?%!
%+! 2/8! 7L8&67(7(! &?%! +8(! 8++7! 7*(7! &8(! $%($%!
&8(! 8+$J(#6%'! <J! 8+6'! /(! $/(#%+%! +#+68(7'! 5?%!
$%=8(%+! 8&68&=8(! $%(! 8+$J(#6%! +8&?%! 7*"%!
=8+$%&+8$#=%! 8! #&$%($%(7*T! 7! #+6%! $%#+! (8=/G:+8! %!
+#+68(7!=8++8+!+8&+%(8+!7!7*(7!=%+!+8(8+!.(/6%+!
6!/(7!+/.+6R&$#7!&8(!$%($%(7*!&8(!#&$%($%(7*'!

310
<! 2/8! 76(#./#(! 67&6%+! 8! 6?%! $%&6(7=#6,(#%+!
8((%+U!<%!L8G%!2/8!+8($(8!6#L8(7(!%+!+%(8&+!=8!
2/8(8(!+7.8(!%!2/8!+8*7!/(7!$%#+7!7&68+!=8!+7.8(!
+8!8Q#+68'!"#G8(%+!7!*#&"Z8670!%!.76%2/8!=%!-%*80!7!
7*(7!=%!-%*8'!Y/8!6!8++7!7*(7U!C(!&%(8!2/8!=8#!
V! L'*L/*7! 2/80! 2/7&=%! 6%$%! %! -%*80! .7#Q7! 8! +%.8!
$7(7!=7(!8&6(7=7!8!+7J=7!7%!7('!
@! -%*8! &?%! 68(! 7*(7! =8! 8+$6$#8! 7*"/(7'! [!
+#($*8+(8&68! /(7! ('2/#&7'! Y/8(! 6%$70! $%(6(0!
%! -%*8! =%+! 7&#(7#+U! 7'! %! =#++8T! 72/8*8! 2/8! (%L8!
%+! 7+6(%+'! -#&+7! (7G?%! %! -#*,+%-%! 2/8! =#++8T! "8/+!
8+6! 7&#(7! .(/6%(/('! #7+! =8L#7! 68(! #=%! (7#+!
*%&"8'!

311
;&+1#'

(''()*'*+,-./0,.)*'(1'*+23'1'4'5+2)'

<L#=8&$#7:+8!=%!68Q6%!=%!*#L(%!=%+!7/#G8+!2/8!
78-66! $(%(868/! +7$(#-#$7(! 7! $(#(8#(7! $8++%7! 2/8!
+7J++8! =8! +/7! $7+7! $7(7! L#(! -8*#$#6':*%! $8*7! +/7!
L#6,(#7! +%.(8! %+! 7(%&#67+'! 1/7! -#*+7! \&#$7! +8! *+8!
7$(8+8&6%/3! 8&6?%! 8*8! *+8! (7+"%/! 7! (%/$70!
#(%*7&=%:7!7$,+!68(:*+8!$8((#6#=%!#(!$(7&687(!&7+!
(%&67&+7+! 7! =8+=#67! =8! (%((8(! L#("8('! "/(7&68!
(/#6%! 68($%! 7+! -#*+7+! */=#7+! $8*8.(7(7(! 8++7!
7L8&6/(70! $+%(7&=%! 7! -#*+7! =8! 78-66! $%(! 2/76(%!
=#7+.213'!
<(! 2/8! 68($%! 8++7! +#+6,(#7! -%#! 8+$(#670! 2/8!
+8*7!/(7!#(#67>?%!=7!+#+6,(#7!"(8"7!=8!<"7(8&%&!
8! B=%(8&6#7! %/! 68&+7! +#=%! #(#67=70! 2/8! *+8! +8*7!
7&68(#%(! %/! $%+68(#%(0! &?%! 6! #++%! %! 2/8! 8Q7(#&%3!
768&+%:(8! 7%! 68Q6%T! 78-66! L%6%/! +/7! -#*+7! 8(!
+%*%$7/+6%!8!$/($(#/!%!+8/!L%6%'!
@(=8&7L7!8Q$(8++7(8&68!7!*8#!*/=7#$7!2/8!+8!
#(%*7++8(! %+! +%(8&+! L%67=%+! 7%! 18&+%('!
,58&+/(! +%(8(! L%67=%! %.68('! (8+"768! (7+!
(8$8.8('! (%(68!+8(!(8(#++?%4'!<!5/*"767!6(7=/GT!
5%&!(8=#(86/(0!+8=!(%(68!(%(#86/(.203'!
)%#! 8(! L#(6/=8! =8++7! *8#! 2/8! 17(/8*! $%(6%/!
8(!$8=7>%+!%!(8#!<"7"/80!7!2/8(!17/*!$8(=%7(73!

312
8! */+67(8&68! $%(! +7L8(! $%/$7=%! <"7"/8! 17/*! -%#!
7=(%8+67=%!$8*%!18&+%(!8!$8(=8/!%!+8/!(8#&%'!
<#+0! $%#+0! +7$(#-J$#%+! =8! +7&"/8! +/(7&%!
$*7(7(8&68! 8+67.8*8$#=%+3! &?%! +'! $%&6%! +#+6,(#$%!
(8*+%(! 7L8(#"/7=%'! 5?%! +8! $%=8! */*"7(! =8! /(7!
&7>?%!7!&?%!+8(!$%(!+8/+!7(2/#L%+!8!$8*%!2/8!8*7!
(8-8(8!=8!+#!$(,$(#7'!

313
;(-#'

<!+#+6,(#7!=8!7%+60!$%&+#=8(7=7!7$8&7+!$%(%!
%.*86%! =8! $/(#%+#=7=8! 8! *#68(76/(70! 6! /(! =%+!
(%&/(8&6%+! (7#+! $(8$#%+%+! =7! 7&6#"Z#=7=8! 2/8!
766! &,+! $+8"7(7('! =7(8$8! +8(! %! (%=8*%! =8! 6%=%+!
%+! 8+$(#6%(8+! %(#8&67#+3! 6! (7#+! 6%$7&68! =%! 2/8! 7!
@=#++6#7! =8! N%(8(%0!$%#+!/(!+8(,#!2/8!$8(=%7!6!
(7#+!$%(%L8=%(!=%!2/8!72/8*8!2/8!+8!L#&"7'!
!%&+#=8(7(%+! %+! '(7.8+! $%(%! %+! $(#(8#(%+!
7/6%(8+! =8++7+! -#$>M8+! 8&"8&+%+7+! 2/8! -%(7(!
6(7=/G#=7+! $7(7! 6%=7+! 7+! *J&"/7+3! &?%! L8*%0!
$%(6(0! &8*8+0! 7L8&6/(7! 7*"/(7! $%($7('L8*! V! =8!
7%+6'! =%(2/8! 8*7! 6! (7(7L#*+%+7! 8(! +/7! 2/7+8!
6%67*#=7=8! 8! %! -#(! $%=8! -7G8(! L8(68(! *'"(#(7+! =8!
8&68(&8$#(8&6%'! [! /(! *%L8(! =8! =8G8++8#+! 7&%+!
#&L8*7=%! $%(! +8/+! #((?%+3! 6! L8&=#=%! $%(! 8*8+! 7!
/(7! $7(7L7&7! =8! (8($7=%(8+! #+(78*#67+0!
$%&=/G#=%! 7%! <"#6%! 8! $%($(7=%! $%(! /(! 8/&/$%!
=%!(8#'!<++8!8/&/$%!6#&+7!/(7!(/*+8(0!%!2/8!&?%!
6! =8! 7=(#(7(T! %! Y/#G*7(! <"70! 8/&/$%! $8(-8#6%0! 7!
2/8(! 7((7&$7(7(! 6%=%! %! 7$7(8*+%! "8&#67*0! 68(!
/(! +8((7*+%! 8(! !%&+67&6#&%$*73! =8#Q7(7(:*+8! %+!
%*+%+! 8! 7+! (?%+! 8! 7! &76/(8G7! &?%! $8(=8/! +8/+!
=#(8#6%+! &%! +8/! $%(7>?%'! @+! %/6(%+! 8/&/$%+0! 7%+!
2/7#+! 7$8&7+! $%(67(7(! %+! 68+6J$/*%+0! 8($(8"7(!
7#&=70!(/#67+!L8G8+0!%!,("?%!$(#&$#$7*3!8!=/6#-7(0!7!
2/8(!7%+6!-%#!L8&=#=%0!.8(!$%=8(#7!$8(68&$8(!7%!
&\(8(%!=8++8+!8/&/$%+'!

314
<! (/*+8(! =8! =/6#-7(! 7$7#Q%&7:+8! $8*%! *%L8(!
7%+6! 2/80! -#8*! 7%! +8/! +#&%! 8! .8&-8#6%(0! (8*8#67! 7+!
$7(J$#7+! =8++7! (/*+8('! <*7! #((#67:+8! 8! 7$/+7! 7%+6!
=8! $(868&=8(! +8=/G#:*7'! [! 7! +#+6,(#7! =8! N#$,*#6%! 8!
)8=(%0! =8! %8*8(%-%&68! 8! <+68&%.6#70! =8! N8.(%! 8!
"7(7+#$80! =8! -7&#+! 8! =8(#.6#70! =8! ##(6#*7! 8!
N#$%=R(#%0!=8!=8*6#7!8!"8(8&86%'!
"#-J$#*! 6! $%&+8$8(! 7! %(#"8(! =8! 6%=7+! 8++7+!
+#+6,(#7+0!(7+!&%+!7&6#"%+!7/6%(8+!'(7.8+!+'!/(!
$7++%! $%&$8(&8&68! V! 7L8&6/(7! =8! 7%+6! 8! =7!
(/*+8(! =8! =/6#-7(! 2/8! 6! .7+67&68! 8&"8&+%+%'! @!
7/6%(! +/$M8! 2/8! =/6#-7(0! =/L#=%+%! 8&6(8! +/7!
(/*+8(! 8! 7%+60! &?%! %*+%/! $7(7! 7! 6\&#$7! =8! 7%+60!
2/8! +/7! (/*+8(! (7+"7(70! $%(%! /(7! $(%L7! =%!
768&67=%!=%!*%L8('!
N7L#7! /(! (8&#&%! &%! .8(>%0! &%! 7$%+8&6%! =7!
(/*+8(3! 7%+6! =#++8! 2/8! 8*7! *+8! (7+"7(7! 8! 6#(7(7! 7!
6\&#$7! &7! $(8+8&>7!=7!$(#7&>7'!=/6#-7(!$%&+/*6%/!
%!(8&#&%0!$/*%!8+$J(#6%!8(7!.8(!=8+8&L%*L#=%!$7(7!
+/7!#=7=83!7!$(#7&>7!-7*%/!7!=/6#-7(T!,58(#-#$7#!+8!7!
6\&#$7! 8+6'! (7+"7=7! &7! -(8&68! %/! 76('+T! +8! %!
8+6#L8(! &7! -(8&68! 6! $(%L7! =8! 2/8! 7%+6! 2/#+! 6%(7(!
L%++7! (/*+8(! 7! -%(>73! +80! $8*%! $%&6('(#%0! 8+6#L8(!
(7+"7=7!$%(!=86('+0!6!$(%L7!=8!2/8!L%++7!(/*+8(!
$%((8/! 8(! +/7! $8(+8"/#>?%4'! =/6#-7(0! "(7>7+! 7%!
"K&#%! =8++8! (8&#&%0! (8$%&+8$8/! 7! #&%$K&$#7! =%!
+8/! 8+$(7L%'! [! 7++#(! 2/8! 8++7! 7L8&6/(7! -%#!
(8*767=7! &%! <*$%(?%! $8*%! 7&6#"%! 7/6%(! '(7.8'! <*8!
+8! 8+2/8$8! =8! &%+! =#G8(! 7! 2/8(! $8(68&$#7! 7!

315
$(#7&>7!2/8!*/*"%/!$%(!67&6%!8+$J(#6%3!+8!8Q#+6#++8!
/(!-#*+%!=7!=/6#-7(0!7%+6!&?%!68(#7!+#=%!%!$(#(8#(%!
+%(8(!=8+8*7=%!$%(!8++7!(/*+8('!
18*7! $%(%! -%(0! 7%+60! +8"/&=%! %! 8K&8+#+0! 6!
$%+6%! &7! $(#+?%! 8! 7*#! +8! 8&$%&6(7! 8(! $%($7&+#7!
=%!$%$8#(%!8!=%!$7=8#(%!=%!(8#!=%!<"#6%'!<++8+!=%#+!
$(#+#%&8#(%+!+%&+7(!V!&%#68T!7%+6!8Q$*#$7!%+!+8/+!
+%&+%+3! $(8=#G:*+8+! 2/8! &%! *7$+%! =8! 6(K+! =#7+! %!
$%$8#(%! +8('! 7"(7$#7=%! 8! %! $7=8#(%! 8&-%($7=%0! %!
2/8!&?%!=8#Q%/!=8!+/$8=8('!
"%#+!7&%+!7$,+!%!(8#!=%!<"#6%!+%&+7!67(.6(3!
+8/! $%$8#(%! (8L8*7:*+8! 7! 8Q#+6K&$#7! =8! /(! *%L8(!
*/=8/0! &7! $(#+?%0! 2/8! 6! %! $(#(8#(%! +%(8(! =%!
(/&=%!8(!$%($(88&=8(!%+!+%&+%+3!%!(8#!-7G!L#(!V!
+/7!$(8+8&>7!%!*%L8(0!2/8!*+8!$(8=#G!+868!7&%+!=8!
7./&=R&$#7!8!+868!=8!8+68(#*#=7=8'!
B&68((%($7(%+! /(! $%/$%! %! -#%! =7! +#+6,(#7!
$7(7! L8(#-#$7(! =8! 2/8! $(%=#"#%+7! 7&6#"Z#=7=8! 6! 7!
#&68($(867>?%! =%+! +%&+%+'! 77$,! L#/! 8(! +%&+%! 7!
8+$7=7!(#+68(#%+7!&%!7*6%!=7!2/7*!8+67L7!"8/+!8(!
$8++%73! 7$(8&=8/! 8(! +%&+%! %! (66%=%! =8!
(/*6#$*#$7(! %+! (8.7&+%+0! (66%=%! 2/8! *7(7#+! =8/!
(8+/*67=%! +8&?%! $7(7! 8*8! $(,$(#%'! @! $(,$(#%! 7%+6!
+%/.8(7! $%(! /(! +%&+%! 2/8! /(! =#7! +7L8(#7! =8!
=%(#&7(! +8/+! #((?%+'! <.#(8*82/80! (/#6%! 7&68+0!
-%(7! 7=L8(6#=%! 8(! +%&+%! =8! 2/8! 17(7! 8(7! (/*+8(!
=8!<.(7?%'!

316
5%*68(%+! 7! 7%+6'! E%"%! 2/8! 8Q$*#$%/! %! +%&+%!
=%! -7(7,0! -%#! &%(87=%! $(#(8#(%! (#&#+6(%'! [! =8! +8!
=/L#=7(! 2/8! 8Q#+67! +%*8! /(! (8#0! (8+(%! &7! D+#70!
$7$7G!=8!$%&$8=8(!6?%!8*8L7=%!$7("%!$8*7!+#($*8+!
8Q$*#$7>?%! =8! /(! +%&+%'! @! -7(7,! =8/! $%(! 8+$%+7!
7! 7%+6! /(7! -#*+7! =8! =/6#-7('! 17.8:+8! 2/8! 8++8!
=/6#-7(! 8(7! +/(%! +7$8(=%68! =8! N8*#,$%*#+T! &?%! -%#!
$%#+!%!8/&/$%0!+8/!$(#(8#(%!+8&+%(3!%/!+8!%!-%++80!
68(#7! &76/(7*(8&68! %/6(%! 6J6/*%! 2/8! &?%! %! =8!
+/(%! +7$8(=%680! 8! +/7! (/*+8(! 68(#7! +#=%! (?8!
(7#+!=8!/(7!L8G'!
<&6(867&6%! 7! (#+6(#7! $+8"%/0! $%(%! %! +7L#7!
$(8=#6%! 7%+60! 8! 8+680! 7! -#(! =8! (8(8$8(! 7+! .%7+!
"(7>7+! =%! +8/! (8#0! %.(#"%/! 6%=%! %! $%L%! 7! L8&=8(!
+/7+! 68((7+! 7%! -7(7,3! 8! 6%=7! 7! &7>?%! +8! 6%(&%/!
8+$(7L7! $7(7! $%&+8"/#(! 6(#"%T! (8+#=8! &8++8! -76%0!
7$7(8&68(8&680! 7! %(#"8(! =%! $%=8(! =8+$,6#$%'! [!
$(8$#+%! &%67(! 2/8! *7(7#+! /(! (8#! -8G! (8*+%(!
&8",$#%3! (7+! 67(.6(! %! $%L%! &?%! 6#&+7! (%6#L%+!
$7(7!.8(!=#G8(!%!$(#(8#(%!(#&#+6(%'!
<&-#(0! %! $7#! 8! %+! #((?%+! =8! 7%+6! 6#L8(7(!
67(.6(! &8$8++#=7=8! =8! $?%0! $%#+! 7! (#+6(#7!
7++%*7L7!&72/8*8!68($%!7!68((7!#&68#(7'!5?%!L7*8!7!
$8&7! (8*767(! 72/#! 7! -%((7! $%(! 2/8! 7%+6! (8$8.8/!
+8/+! #((?%+0! $%(%! %+! $8(=%%/! 8! 8&(#2/8$8/'!
<&$%&6(7(%+! &8++7! +#+6,(#7! 6/=%! 2/8! $%&+6#6/#!
/(! #&68(8++7&68! $%8(7! 6$#$%'! <Q$%+#>?%0!
7(6#$/*7>?%0! (8$%&+8$#(8&6%0! $8(#$6$#7! 8!

317
(7(7L#*+%+%'! 57=7! (7#+! $7(7$68(J+6#$%! =%! "K&#%!
%(#8&67*'!
@!2/8!%!.%(!77$,0!$7#!=8!7%+60!(8+$%&=8/!7%!
-7(7,0!=8L8!.8(!$%(%L8(!%+!2/8!+7.8(!*8('!,Y/7*!
6!L%++7!#=7=8U4!A!$8("/&6%/:*+8!%!(8#'!A!,-8&+%!
$8&6%! 8! 6(#&67! 7&%+40! A! (8+$%&=8/! %! L8*+%0! A! ,8!
7#&=7! &?%! 8&$%&6(8#! /(! =#7! -8*#G! &8++8! $/(6%!
$8(8"(#&7(4'!

318
,&$-'=#2->'

5%+! 68($%+! =8! 58+$7+#7&%! 8! -#6%0! 8(! 2/8! %+!


(%(7&%+! +8! =8=#$7L7(! 7! 7.(#(! %! L8&6(8! =%+!
*/=8/+0! /(! #+(78*#67! (#2/J++#(%0! 2/8! &?%! 6#&+7! %!
(J&#(%! =8+8*%! =8! +%-(8(! #=K&6#$7! %$8(7>?%0! -/"#/!
$%(! 6%=%! %! %/(%! 2/8! "7&+7(7! 8(! +8/! %-J$#%! =8!
/+/('(#%0!$%&=/G#&=%!$7(7!<G#%&"7.8(!6%=7!7!+/7!
-7(J*#70! 2/8! $%&+#+6#7! 8(! +/7! L8*+7! (/*+8(0! /(!
-#*+%! 8! /(7! -#*+7'! E8L7L7! 67(.6(! $%&+#"%! =%#+!
8/&/$%+0! /(! =%+! 2/7#+! *+8! +8(L#7! =8! $%G#&+8#(%0!
%/6(%! =8! *7L(7=%(! 8! L#&+768#(%'! C(! .%(! 8++K&#%!
2/8! $%&+8$#7! %! =8&6768/$%! =8! $%(! +8(L#7:*+8! =8!
$7$8*?%'!<(.7($7(7(:+8!&%!$%(6%!=8!<G#%&"7.8(0!
76(7L8++7(7(!%!(7(!7!2/8!$+7(7(%+!58((8*+%!8!
2/8! =8! L8((8*+%! &7=7! 68(0! 8! 8&6(7(7(! &%! "%*-%!
=6(+#$%0! 7! -#(! =8! $(%$/(7(! 7! 68((7! =8! @-#(0! +8(!
+7.8(! %&=8! -#$7L7'! =%=8#+! $(8(! $%(%! L8(=7=8!
7.+%*/67! 68(! +%.(8L#&=%! /(7! 68((JL8*! 68($8+67=8!
2/8! 76#(%/! 7! -7(J*#7! +8.(7#$7! V+! $%+67+! =7+!
P&=#7+3! %! &7L#%! &7/-(7"%/! &/(7! =7+! #*+7+!
#7*=#L7+0!$+7(7=7!+%*8!8(!=#7!=7=(7.(7&$70!2/8!
8(7!8&6?%!=8+8(67'!
@!L8*+%!(#$7>%!8!7!L8*+7!+8!7-%"7(7(3!%!-#*+%0!
7!-#*+70!%+!=%#+!8/&/$%+!8!%!$7$8*?%!+7*L7(7(:+83!
6#(7(7(! =7! (8*+%(! -%((7! 7*"/(7+! $(%L#+M8+! =%!
&7L#%0! $%&+6(/J(7(! /(7+! $82/8&7+! $7.7&7+! &7!
#*+7!8!7J!$/+8(7(:+8!7!L#L8(!$%(%=7(8&68'!17.8#!
2/8! 7! #*+7! =8! =7=(7.(7&$7! 8+6'! +#6/7=7! 7! $#&$%!

319
"(7/+!=7!*#&+70!8!2/8!7J!+8!8&$%&6(7(!%+!(7#%(8+!
$%$%+! 8! %+! (8*+%(8+! 7&7&7+8+! =%! (/&=%'! <(7!
$%#+! (/#6%! 7"(7='L8*! L#L8(! 7*#! 8&2/7&6%! &%/6(%+!
*/"7(8+!+8!=8"%*7L7(!%+!(8+6%+!=7!&7>?%!2/8(#=73!
(7+! %! 8++K&#%! *7(8&67L7:+8! $%&+#=8(7&=%! 2/8!
67*L8G! &?%! +%/L8++8! (7#+! */=8/+! +%.(8! 7! 68((7! 8!
2/8!7!+8(8&68!=8!<.(7?%!#(#7!68((#&7('!
,<!L,+!+%(8&68!$%($868!(8++/+$#6':*7!A!=#++8!
%! *%L8(! */=8/T! =8+$%+7#! (#&+7! #((?'! A! %8(! %!
=8+8*7(#70! A! =#++8! %! $7$8*?%0! A! $%(6(! 7! *8#! +8!
%$M8'!</!+%/!8++K&#%!-#G!L%6%!=8!*7(7#+!(8!$7+7(3!
7! *8#! (7&=7! 2/8! $7=7! /(! $/($(7! %! +8/! L%6%T!
7$7.8:+8! 7! (7>7! */=7#$7! +8! 7++#(! +8! 2/8(0! (7+!
$8(67(8&68!8/!*7(7#+!$7+7(8#!$%(!L%++7!#((?0!$%(!
.%&#67!2/8!-%('!
A! #8/+! =%#+! 8/&/$%+! &?%! *+8! $%=8(! -7G8(!
-#*+%+0! A! (86%(&%/! %! */=8/3! A! -7:*%+:8#! $%(67&6%!
8/0!$%(!L%++%!.8&8$*'$#6%!8!L%++7!.K&>?%'!
A! <&68+! 2/8(#7! 8/! +8(! (#*! L8G8+! =8"%*7=%!
$8*%+!+%*=7=%+!(%(7&%+0!A!(8+$%&=8/!%!$7$8*?%0!
A! =%! 2/8! (8! 7$/($*#$#7(! &/(! #&$8+6%3! +8! 8*7!
-%++8!L%++7!#((?!$768(&70!7#&=7!8(7!$%++JL8*0!7!*8#!
%! $8((#683! (7+! &?%0! 8*7! 6! L%++7! #((?! (768(&73!
#++%!6!7.%(#&'L8*'!
A!!%($(88&=%!A!=#++8!%!*%L8(!A!2/8!+8(#7!
/(! $(#(8! 8(! 78(/+7*6(0! %&=8! %/6(7+! -#*+7+!
*/=#7+! 8+67(#7(! V! (#&+7! =#+$%+#>?%3! (7+! &7! #*+7!

320
=8! =7=(7.(7&$70! %&=8! 7$8&7+! L8*%! $%$%+0!
7&7&7+8+!8!%L%+0!$(8#%!+8(!$%#+7!.8(!$8((#++JL8*4'!
@! */=8/! $7+%/0! $%#+0! $%(! +/7! #((?0! 8! 68L8!
/(7! -#*+70! 7$8+7(! =%+! $(%68+6%+! =%! 8++K&#%T! -%#! %!
\&#$%! -(/6%! =8! /(! $7+7(8&6%! 2/8! /(! */*"7L7!
*8"J6#(%! 8! %/6(%! 7.%(#&'L8*'! <%! $7.%! =8! $76%(G8!
7&%+! 7! (?8! (%((8/3! =#++8! %! $7#! 7%! $7$8*?%T!
,"8+-#G8+68+:L%+! -#&7*(8&68! =8! L%++%+!
$(8$%&$8#6%+U! Y/8(8#+! =8+$%+7(! (#&+7! -#*+7U! A!
"8/+!(8!$(8+8(L8!=#++%X!A!(86(/$%/!%!8++K&#%'!A!
=%#+! .8(X! 8&6?%! 8/! $7+7(8#! $%(! 8*70! =#++8! %! $7#3!
+8*7! %! 2/8! -%(3! (7+! &?%! 2/8(%! 2/8! 7! +8(8&68! =8!
<.(7?%! +8*7! (8=/G#=7! 7! &7=74'! @! 8++K&#%0!
8+$7&67=%! $%(! 6?%! +%((JL8*! $(%$,+#6%0! &?%! 2/#+!
+7.8(! =8! $%&6#&/7(! 7! L#L8(! $%(! /(! +%(8(! 2/8!
=8+(8+$8#67L7! 7! *8#! 8! -/"#/'! @! (8$6(! $7+7=%!
$8(=8/! +8/! 68($%! 8(! "(#67(:*+8T! ,)#$7#! $%(#"%0!
(8/! 7(#"%3! 8/! %.+8(L8#! 7! *8#! &76/(7*0! 8/! +#(L%! V!
$'6(#70! &?%! 7.7&=%&8#+! %+! L%++%+! 7(#"%+4'! @!
%/6(%!=8#Q%/:%!"(#67(0!(86#=7!2/8!6#&+70!+8($(80!7!
*8#!&7!$7.8>70!8!-/"#/!7!&7=%!$7(7!7!#*+7!$(,Q#(7'!
<(7! 7! "(7&=8! #*+7! =8! <6%*70! (/#6%! $%L%7=7! 8!
$#L#*#G7=73! 7$8&7+! $+8"%/! -#G8(7(:&%! 8+$(7L%'!
<$(8&=8/!7!.7*./$#7(!7!*J&"/7!=8!<6%*73!2/8#Q%/:
+8!7(7("7(8&68!$8*%!(%=%!#&+%+$#67*8#(%!$%(!2/8!
-%(7! (8$8.#=%T! =#++8(7(:*+8! 2/8! 8(7! 7! *8#0! 8! 2/8!
=8+=8! 2/8! 7! #*+7! 8+6#L8(7! 7! $%&6%! =8! +8(! 767$7=7!
=8! +/($(8+7! $8*%+! +7.#67&68+! =7! =8! <=70!
8+67.8*8$8(7:+8! +7.#7(8&68! 2/8! 6%=%+! %+!

321
8+6(7&"8#(%+!2/8!7*#!-%++8(!68(!+8(#7(!+/.(86#=%+!
$%(%! 8+$(7L%+'! ,B++%! &?%! $%=8! +8(! /(7! *8#40! A!
=#++8! %! 8++K&#%0! A! ,$%#+! &?%! 8+6'! 8+$(#6%! &%!
=8&6768/$%'! 8+$%&=8(7(:*+8! 2/8! 8(!
$%($8&+7>?%!8+67L7!8+$(#6%!&%!=#"8+6%!=%!$7J+0!8!
8*8! $8((7&8$8/! 8+$(7L%T! 6#&+70! 7*#'+0! /(! ,6#(%!
+8&+%(! 2/8! %! 6(767L7! (/#6%! .8(! 8! 7%! 2/7*! +8!
$(8&=8/!$8*%+!(7#+!-%(68+!*7>%+!=8!7(#G7=8'!
<*"/&+!7++7++#&%+!L#8(7(!/(!=#7!$7(7!(767(!
%! =%&%! 8! (%/.7(:*+8! +8/+! 68+%/(%+3! $8("/&67(7(!
7%+! 8+$(7L%+! +8! 8+67L7! 8(! $7+7! 8! +8! 6#&+7! (/#6%!
=#&+8#(%'! ,7/(7(%:L%+! A! (8+$%&=8(7(! %+!
8+$(7L%+!A!2/8!8*8!&?%!68(!=#&+8#(%!7*"/(!8!2/8!
&?%! 8+6'! 8(! $7+74'! "#++8! $%(6(! %! 8++K&#%T! ,<! *8#!
&?%!(8!$8((#68!(8&6#(3!*/(%:L%+!2/8!8+6'!8(!$7+7!
8! 2/8! 68(! (/#6%! =#&+8#(%4'! <++#(! %! =%&%! -%#!
(%/.7=%!8!(%(6%'!@+!8+$(7L%+!7$/+7(7(!%!8++K&#%!
$8(7&68! %+! */#G8+! =8! +7L8(! 6(7J=%! +8/! $76(?%3! %!
8++K&#%! 7*8"%/! 2/8! &?%! 2/#+8(7! (8&6#(0! &8(!
(8&6#(#7!$%(!&7=7!&%!(/&=%3!8!-%#!8&-%($7=%'!
<++7! +#+6%(#867! 8! (/#67+! %/6(7+! $7(8$#=7+!
-%(7(:(8! $%&67=7+! &7! \*6#(7! L#7"8(! 2/8! -#G! V+!
P&=#7+'! Y/7&=%! $+8"/8#0! -/#! 7! 58(+7*+8+! $7(7!
7*"/&+! &8",$#%+3! L#! $7++7(! /(7! .8*7! (/*+8(!
+8"/#=7! =8! "(7&=8! &\(8(%! =8! %/6(7+! 67(.6(!
.8*J++#(7+'! ,Y/8(! 6! 8++7! (/*+8(U4! $8("/&68#! 7%!
(8/! 7=L%"7=%! &%! $7(*7(8&6%0! 2/8! L#8(7! $%(#"%T!
$%#+! 6#&+7! /(! $(%$8++%! &%! $7(*7(8&6%! =8! =7(#+0!
8(! L#(6/=8! =%+! +'.#6%+! 2/8! 7=2/#(#! &7+! P&=#7+0! 8!

322
=8+8*7L7! 68(! $%&+67&68(8&68! (8/! 7=L%"7=%!
$%(#"%'! ,[! 7! -#*+7! =%! (8#0! A! =#++8! 8*8T! A! 6!
8&$7&67=%(7!8!$7(#=%+73!6!/(7!"(7&=8!$8&7!2/80!
8(! $7+%! 7*"/(0! *7(7#+! $%++7! +8(! (7#&+7! =8!
)(7&>7'!
A! !%(%0! A! =#++8:*+8! 8/! A! +8! 6#L6++8(%+! 7!
=8+"(7>7! =8! $8(=8(! 6%=%+! %+! +8/+! $7(8&68+! 8!
$(J&$#$8+!=8!+7&"/8!.%!2/8!"8/+!&?%!$8((#67X3!8*7!
&?%!$%=8(#7!+8(=7(!%!(8#&%!=8!+8/!$7#U!A!5?%0!A!
=#++8! %! 7=L%"7=%! A! 7! *8#! +'*#$7! +8! %$M8!
-%((7*(8&68! 7! #++%! A! <! 2/8(! -8G! 8++7! *8#U! A!
$8("/&68#! 7%! 7=L%"7=%'! A! 57=7! +8#! 7! 8++8!
(8+$8#6%0! A! =#++8! 8*83! A! (7+! $%+6/(7:+8! =#G8(!
2/8! /(! 7&6#2/J++#(%! $%L%! $+7(7=%! +'*#$%+0! 2/8!
&?%! +7.#7(! *8(! &8(! 8+$(8L8(0! 6#L8(7(! /(! 68($%!
/(7! *8#! 8+$(#67! 7! 2/7*! =#G#7! 2/8! 8(! 68((7! +'*#$7!
&8&+/(7! -#*+7! $%=#7! +8(=7(3! 8! 8++7! *8#! -%#!
7=%67=7! 8(! 68((7+! &?%! +'*#$7+'! A! =%#+! 8/! A!
(8+$%&=#!A!$7++%:7!$%(!(#&+7!$%&673!7-#((7+68+:
(8! 2/8! 8++7! $(#&$8+7! 6! 8&$7&67=%(7! 8! $7(#=%+73!
$%(67&6%!8*7!68(#7!/(!=#(8#6%!#&$%&68+6'L8*!V!$%(%7!
+8! 7! #&-8*#$#=7=8! 7! 6%(&7++8! \&#$7! (8(7&8+$8&68!
=%! +7&"/8! (87*T! (#&+7! (?8! +8(=%/! =8! +8/! $7#! 8!
8/!2/8(%!2/8!7!$(#&$8+7!+8(=8!=%!+8/4'!
5%! =#7! +8"/#&68! %! (8/! $(%$8++%! -%#! */*"7=%!
&/(7! =7+! $R(7(7+! =%! $7(*7(8&6%T! $8(=#! $%(!
/&7&#(#=7=83! 8Q$*#$%/:(8! %! (8/! 7=L%"7=%! 2/8!
8/! 68(#7! "7&+%! 67(.6(! $%(! /&7&#(#=7=8! &/(7!
%/6(7! $R(7(7'! ,<#+! /(7! $%#+7! .8(! $O(#$7! A!

323
=#++8:*+8!8/3!A!=8!(%=%!2/80!$7=7!$R(7(70!$7=7!
*8#'! A! 1#(0! A! =#++8! 8*8! A! +'! L#&68! 8! $#&$%!
$%(8&6'(#%+!+%.(8!7!*8#!(/&#$#$7*!=8!=7(#+3!#+6%!60!
$(%L%/:+8!L#&68!8!$#&$%!L8G8+!2/8!7!*8#!(/&#$#$7*!
=8! =7(#+! 8+6'! 8((7=73! 8! +8! +%/L8++8! L#&68! 8! $#&$%!
$R(7(7+! =8! */#G8+! +7L8(#7! 67(.6(! L#&68! 8! $#&$%!
*/(#+$(/=K&$#7+! =#-8(8&68+'! -8(%+0! A! $%&6#&/%/!
8*8! A! 7! 2/#&G8! *6"/7+! =8! =7(#+! /(7! $(%LJ&$#7!
$+7(7=7! 5%((7&=#70! %&=8! +8(J8#+! */*"7=%! =8!
-%((7!(/#6%!=#-8(8&68!=72/#4'!
B+6%! =8/:(8! L%&67=8! =8! L8(! 7! 5%((7&=#7'!
=7(7! *'! (8! =#(#"#! $%(! /(! =8! (8/+! #((?%+'!
<&$%&6(7(%+! &%! $(#(8#(%! +%68*! /(! *%L8(! 2/8!+8!
*7(8&67L70! =8+8+$8(7=%3! $8("/&67&=%:*+8! 8(!
2/7*!7!$7/+7!=8!+/7!=8+"(7>70!(8+$%&=8/:(8!2/8!
8(7!68(!/(!#((?%!(7#+!L8*+%'!
A!<(!2/8!$%&+#+68!$%#+!7!"(7&=8!=8+"(7>7!=8!
68(! /(! #((?%! (7#+! L8*+%U! A! $8("/&68#:*+83! A!
(8/! #((?%! 6! (7#+! L8*+%! =%! 2/8! 8/! 8! &%! 8&67&6%!
L#L8(%+!(/#6%!.8(!*/&6%+'!
A! <+X! +8&+%(0! A! =#++8:(8! 8*80! A! 7! *8#! 72/#!
6/=%! $%&$8=8! 7%+! $(#(%"K&#6%+! +8(! &7=7! =8#Q7(!
7%+!$7>/*7+'!
A! -8&=8+! (7G?%! A! =#++8:*+8! 8/! A! =8! 8+67(!
G7&"7=%3!8(!&%++7!$#=7=8!(8$7(6#(%+!#"/7*(8&680!
8! &8(! +8($(8! %+! #((?%+! +8! 8+6#(7(! (8*+%(! $%(!
#++%'4!

324
<++7+! $82/8&7+! 7L8&6/(7+! $(%$%($#%&7(7(:
(8! .8*7+! 8! $(%-/&=7+! (8-*8QM8+! +%.(8! 7+! *8#+0! 8!
L8(#-#2/8#! +8(8(! 8*7+! $%(%! &%++%+! 6(7*8+T! 8(!
!%&+67&6#&%$*7! -/#! %.(#"7=%! 7! /+7(! /(! =,*(7&0!
8(!=7(#+!/(!"#.?%'!
18! 6%=7+! 7+! *8#+! +/(7&7+! +?%! 7$8&7+!
$%&L8&>M8+0! =#++8! 8/0! %! 2/8! L7*8! 6! -7G8(:+8! /(!
.%(!$%&6(76%'!@+!./("/8+8+!=8!"8*#!8!<"(7!=#G8(!
68(! -8#6%! /(! $6++#(%! $%&6(76%! $%(! -7(8(*?%3! %+!
./("/8+8+! =8! E%&=(8+! -8*#$#67(:+8! $8*%! ,6#(%!
7*/+68! 2/8! -#G8(7(! $%(! %! (8#! 8/#*+8((8! =8!
@(7&"8'!
C(!$#=7=?%!=8!E%&=(8+!=#G#7:(8!$8(6%!=#7T!,[!
7! &8$8++#=7=8! 2/8! -7G! 7+! *8#+0! 8! 7! -%(>7! 7+! -7G!
%.+8(L7(4'! =8("/&68#:*+8! +8! 7! -%(>7! &?%! -7G#7!
67(.6(! *8#+! 8(! 7*"/(7+! %$7+#M8+0! 8! +8!
8/#*+8((80!%!%7+67(=%!8!%!!%&2/#+67=%(0!&?%!*+8+!
+7L#7! =7=%! %(=8&+! +8(! 8+67.8*8$8(! $%&6(76%!
7*"/('!,1#(40!A!=#++8!8*8!A!,&8++8!68($%!6(7(%+!
/&+! .%#+3! 8/#*+8((8! &%+! $%*%$%/! /(7! $7&"7! 8!
&%+!-8G!$7(#&+7(!7!"%*$8+!=8!7"/#*+?%3!=8$%#+!&%+!
6(7&+-%((7(%+!8(!+%(8&+0!$%(6(!%+!$%(&%+!&%+!
-#$7(7(! 8! $%(! 8*8+! (7*6(767(%+! 6%=%+! %+! 2/8!
$(868&=8(!2/8!6(7.7*+8(%+!$7(7!8*8+!8!&?%!$7(7!
&,+!(8+(%+4'!
-%(7=%! =8! 6%=7+! 8+67+! (8-*8QM8+! $%($(7G#7:
(8! 8(! $8&+7(! 2/8! 8Q#+68! /(7! *8#! &76/(7*0!
#&=8$8&=8&68!=8!6%=7+!7+!$%&L8&>M8+!+/(7&7+T!%!

325
-(/6%! =8! (8/! 6(7.7*+%! =8L8(#7! +8(! (8/3! =8L#7!
+%&(7(! (8/! $7#! 8! (#&+7! (?83! &?%! 68&+%! =#(8#6%!
7*"/(! +%.(8! 7! L#=7! =%! (8/! $(,Q#(%! 8! (8/!
$(,Q#(%! &?%! %! 68(! +%.(8! 7! (#&+70! 86$'! #7+0!
2/7&=%! $8&+8#! 2/80! =8! !%=%(*7%(%(! 766!
#8&6G8*.2;30!$%(%&8*!=%+!+/++7(=%+0!$7=7!/(!(767!
*87*(8&68!8!+72/8#7!%!$(,Q#(%!$%(!/(7!%(=8(!=8!
7/6%(#G7>?%!&%!.%*+%!=%!$%*8680!-#2/8#!.8(!7-*#6%'!
!%&67(7(:(8!2/8!8&6(8!%+!*7=(M8+!+7L#7!*8#+0!
8! 2/8! 7+! +7L#7! 67(.6(! &7! "/8((7'! =8("/&68#!
2/7#+! 8(7(! 8++7+! *8#+! =7! "/8((7'! ,<! *8#40! (8!
=#G8(0! ,=8! 8&-%($7(! /(! .(7L%! %-#$#7*! 2/8! 68&+7!
(8+#+6#=%! &/(7! $6++#(7! $%+#>?%0! +8(! $7&+?%0! 7!
/(!8Q6($#6%!(87*3!7!*8#!=8!8&-%($7(!/(!$(#+#%&8#(%!
$%(2/8!%!7=L8(+'(#%!8&-%($%/!/(!=%+!L%++%+3!7!*8#!
=8!$O(!7!-%"%!8!+7&"/8!7+!7*=8#7+!2/8!&?%!6#L8(8(!
8&L#7=%! +/7! $%&6(#./#>?%! &%! =#7! =8+#"&7=%0!
+8"/&=%! 7+! %(=8&+! =%! "(7$#%+%! +%.8(7&%! =7+!
L#G#&+7&>7+4'! A! ,#/#6%! .8(0! =#++8! 8/0! 8#+! %!
<+$J(#6%!=7+!*8#+4'!
"8$%#+! =8! .8(! #&-%((7=%0! =8+$%.(#! 2/8!
8Q#+68(! +'.#7+! *8#+! (8=#7&68! 7+! 2/7#+! /(! $7+6%(!
6!$%&=8&7=%!7!&%L8!7&%+!=8!$'($8(8!$%(!68(!=7=%!
/(! $%/$%! =8! +7*! 8+6(7&"8#(%! 7! +8/+! $7(&8#(%+'!
#8/! L#G#&+%! -%#! 7((/#&7=%! $%(! /(! $(%$8++%T!
(7&=%/! $%(67(! =%#+! 6(%&$%+! 2/8! *+8! $8(68&$#7(0!
8(! +8/! .%+2/83! -%#! $/&#=%! $%(67&6%! $%(! &?%! 68(!
$%=#=%! %.+8(L7(! /(7! -%((7*#=7=8! 2/8! &?%! $O=8!
$%&+8$8(3! +/7! (/*+8(! (%((8/! &7! (#+6(#7! 8! +8/!

326
-#*+%! 7((7+67! 7! L#=7! (7#+! #&-8*#G'! !%&-8++%! 2/8!
8++7+! *8#+! +?%! */+6J++#(7+0! &?%! %.+67&68! 7! +/7!
8Q8$/>?%! +8(! /(! .%$7=%! =/(73! =?%:(8! $%(6(!
$7*7-(#%+!7+!*8#+!2/8!7/6%(#G7(!$8(!(#*!+%(8&+!7!
=8"%*7(! *87*(8&68! $8(! (#*! L#G#&+%+'! =7(8$8/:(8!
2/8!7!(7#%(#7!=%+!+%(8&+!(8$8.8(7(!=7!&76/(8G7!
/(! +8&+%! $%(/(! +/-#$#8&68! $7(7! -7G8(! *8#+0! (7+!
&8(!6%=%!(/&=%!68(!*/+6#>7!+/-#$#8&68!$7(7!-7G8(!
.%7+!*8#+'!
8/&#!%+!7"(#$/*6%(8+!+#($*8+!8!6(7&2Z#*%+!=8!
/(!*7=%!7!%/6(%!=7!68((73!6%=%+!8*8+!$%&L#(?%!8(!
2/8! =8L8! +8(! $8((#6#=%! L8&=8(! 7%+! L#G#&+%+! %!
8Q$8=8&68! =%! +8/! 6(#"%! 8! 2/8! 7! *8#! $%&6('(#7! 6!
#&/(7&7! 8! 7.+/(=73! 2/8! 7+! (%8=7+!
(8$(8+8&676#L7+!=%+!"K&8(%+!=8L8(?%!+8(!6?%!$/(7+!
$%(%! %+! -(/6%+! =7! 68((73! 2/8! /(! $7#! =8! -7(J*#7!
=8L8('! +8(! =%&%! =8! +/7! $7+73! 2/8! 7! (8*#"#?%! =8L8!
(8/&#(! %+! +%(8&+! 7! -#(! =8! %+! /&#(! 8! &?%! $7(7!
-7G8(! =8*8+! -7&'6#$%+! 8! $8(+8"/#=%(8+3! 2/8! %+! 2/8!
6(7.7*+7(! &?%! =8L8(! +8(! $(#L7=%+! =%+! -(/6%+! =8!
+8/! 6(7.7*+%! $%(! %! -#(! =8! 7*#(8&67(! 7!
+/$8(+6#>?%! 8! 7! %$#%+#=7=8T!8*8+!-7(?%!&/(7!+%(7!
6(#&67! *8#+! =8+67! 8+$6$#80! 6%=7+! \68#+! 7%! "K&8(%!
+/(7&%'!
!+8"/8! $%(6(! -7(8(*?%! 8! +/.*/"/8! 7! P&=#73!
8&6?%! &?%! L8(8#+! +8&?%! *8#+! 7(.#6('(#7+'! C(7!
7+-#Q#7('! /(7! $(%LJ&$#7! $7(7! 8&(#2/8$8(! /(!
(8&=8#(%! =8! -7(8(*?%3! %/6(7! 6(7&+-%((7('! &/(!
$(#(8! =8! *8+7! (7*8+67=8! %! 68(! -7*7=%! (7*! =7!

327
(/*+8(! =%! $(#(8#(%! $7(7(#+67! =8! /(! (7*73!
68($8#(7! 7$%=8(7(:+8:'! =7! (867=8! =7! $%*+8#67! =%!
7"(#$/*6%(0! $%&68+67&=%:*+8! %! (8+6%3! 8&-#(!
8Q#+6#(?%!*8#+!(8=#7&68!7+!2/7#+!/(!.8=8*!6'(67(%!
L#('!7((7&$7(!L%++%+!-#*+%+!=%!.8(>%0!-7('!=%!(7#+!
(%./+6%! /(! +%*=7=%! 8! =%! (7#+! -(7$%! /(! 8/&/$%0!
=8#Q7&=%!%!$7#!8!7!(?8!+8(!$%&+%*%'!
@(70! 2/8! L7*8! (8*+%(! +8(T! %! $?%! =8! -7(8(*?%!
%/!+8/!+\=#6%U![!$*7(%!2/8!7!(8"7*#7!=%!+8/!$?%!6!
(/#6%!+/$8(#%('!

328
,&$-'%$0$-'&'&%,&-$)-1$%2-'

)%(7(! 8&$%&6(7=7+! &%+! $7$6#+! =%+!


*/(#+$%&+/*6%+! 8+67+! &%67+0! 2/8! 67*L8G! (8(8>7(!
/(!$%/$%!=8!8Q7(8'!
Y/8!*7(7#+!*8#!8$*8+#'+6#$7!7*"/(7!+8*7!L'*#=7!
+8&?%! (8=#7&68! +7&>?%! 8Q$(8++7! =%! "%L8(&%'! )%#!
=8++8! (%=%! 2/8! <68&7+! 8! %(7! &/&$7! 6#L8(7(!
2/8(8*7+! (8*#"#%+7+'! -7#+! *#6J"#%+! +?%! $76(#(O&#%!
=7+! &7>M8+! .'(.7(7+! %/! 6(7&+-%((7=7+! 8(!
.'(.7(7+'!
Y/8! 7$8&7+! %! (7"#+6(7=%! $%++7! $8((#6#(! %/!
$(%#.#(!%!6(7.7*+%!&%+!=#7+!=8!-8+670!$%#+!&?%!$7.8!
7%+! $7=(8+! $(%#.#(! 7%+! #&=#LJ=/%+! %! $/*6#L%! =8!
+8/+!$7($%+'!
Y/8! 6/=%! %! 2/8! $%&$8(&8! 7%+! $7+7(8&6%+!
=8$8&=7! 8Q$*/+#L7(8&68! =%! (7"#+6(7=%0!8!2/8!%+!
$7=(8+! +8! 768&+7(! V! 7/"/+67! -/&>?%! =8! %+!
7.8&>%7('!
Y/8! %! $7=(8! #&68(8++7=%! +8*7! $/(7(8&68! /(!
%.*86%! =7! *8#! $#L#*0! $%(2/7&6%! 7$8&7+! 8*7! $(8+#=80!
7%!$%(6($#%'!
Y/8! 6%=%+! %+! 8$*8+#'+6#$%+! +8*7(! +/.(86#=%+!
8(! 6%=%+! %+! $7+%+! 7%! "%L8(&%0! $%(2/7&6%! +?%!
+\=#6%!=%!8+67=%'!

329
Y/8!8(!68($%!7*"/(!+8!$%(867!%!76%!(#=J$/*%!
8! #&=8$%(%+%! =8! $7"7(! 7! /(! $7=(8! 8+6(7&"8#(%! 7!
$(#(8#(7! 7&/7*#=7=8! =7! (8&=7! =8! /(7! 68((7! 2/8!
$#=7=?%+!=8(7(!7!/(!$7=(8!$%&$#=7=?%'!
Y/8!$7=(8!7*"/(!*7(7#+!$%++7!+/.6(7#(!7!/(!
$#=7=?%! 7! (J&#(7! $(8((%"76#L70! +%.! $(868Q6%! =8!
2/8! 67*! $#=7=?%! +8*7! /(! $8$7=%(0! $%#+! %! $7=(8!
$8$7=%(! =8L8! (8G7(! $8*%+! $8$7=%(8+! 8! &?%! */*"':
*%+'!
Y/8! %+! (7"#+6(7=%+0! %+! *7L(7=%(8+! 8! %+!
$7=(8+! $7"/8(! #"/7*(8&68! %+! #($%+6%+! =%!
8+67=%0! $%#+! 6%=%+! $8(68&$8(! #"/7*(8&68! 7%!
8+67=%'!
Y/8! &?%! +7*7! +8&?%! /(! $8+%0! /(7! (8=#=70!
/(!$%+6/(8'!
Y/8! %+! +/$*J$#%+! =%+! $(#(#&%+%+! +8*7(! \68#+0!
/(!+%(8(!8&-%($7=%!&?%!+8(L8!$7(7!&7=70!8!/(!
+%(8(! $%&=8&7=%! 7%+! 6(7.7*+%+! $\.*#$%+! 7#&=7!
+8(L8!V!$'6(#70!$%&+6#6/#&=%!/(7!*#>?%!L#L7'!
Y/8! 6%=7! *8#! +8*7! $*7(70! /&#-%((80! $(8$#+7T!
#&68($(86':*7!6!2/7+8!+8($(8!$%((%($K:*7'!
Y/8!&7=70!7!&?%!+8(!%!LJ$#%0!+8*7!#&-7(8'!
Y/8!%+!#($%+6%+!+8*7(!+8($(8!$(%$%($#%&7#+'!
Y/8!7!*8#!*7(7#+!8+68*7!8(!$%&6(7=#>?%!$%(!%!
/+%T!$%(2/8!+8!%!/+%!6!.%(0!7!*8#!&7=7!L7*8'!

330
,$6&*#2#&'=#2>'

:!
<#+! /(7! .768(#7! =8! $7&+M8+! 2/8! 76#(7! */&6%!
7%+!&%++%+!%/L#=%+3!68&=8+!7!*#.8(=7=8!=8!%/L#:*7!
8!=8!7!&?%!%/L#(U!
!!
[!$*7(%!2/8!&?%!$%++%!8L#67(!%/L#:*7'!
:!
"8+8*7(J8#+! 2/8! 8++8! $7&+?%! =8$8$7++8! L%++7!
$7.8>7! 8! 7+! =8! L%++7! (/*+8(! 8! L%++7! -#*+7! 2/8!
8+6#L8++8(!$%&L%+$%U!
!!
Y/8! 8+$6$#8! =8! $(%$%+#>?%! (8! -7G8#+U! </!
*7(7#+! $%=8(#70! 8(! (8/! +?%! */JG%0! =8+8*7(!
+8(8*+7&68!$%#+7'!B++%!(8!6!#($%++JL8*'!
:!
#/#6%! .8(3! %/L#+! &8$8++7(#7(8&68! 8++8!
$7&+?%! 80! 67(.6(! &8$8++7(#7(8&680! &?%! 2/8(8#+!
(%((8(0!L,+!8!L%++7!-7(J*#70!=8!/(!6#(%!=8!$7&+?%3!
&?%! 68&=8+! &8(! %! $%=8(! =8! &?%! %/L#:*%! &8(! %!
$%=8(!=8!2/8(8(!$8((7&8$8(!72/#'!
!!

331
B++%!6!8L#=8&68'!
:!
<(! $%&+82ZK&$#70! =8+68+! /(7! 6(#&68&7! =8!
$7++%+! 7! -#(! =8! L%+! $%*%$7(=8+! 7%! 7.(#"%! =%!
$7&+?%T! 6#L8+68+! %! $%=8(! =8! $7(#&+7(! $%(#"%!
8+68+!$%/$%+!$7++%+U!
!!
57=7!(7#+!L8(=7=8#(%'!
:!
<! +8! -O++8#+! $7(7*J6#$%U! 5?%! 68(J8#+! $%=#=%!
8L#67(! -#$7(! 8Q$%+6%! 7! 8++7! .768(#73! &?%! 68(J8#+! %!
$%=8(!=8!8+67(!%&=8!7"%(7!8+67#+T!68(J8#+!8&6?%!&8:
$8++7(#7(8&68! %/L#=%! 8! (8$8.#=%! /(! 6#(%! =8!
$7&+?%!8!&8$8++7(#7(8&68!8+67(J8#+!(%(6%U!
!!
57=7!(7#+!$*7(%'!
:!
<(!2/8!$%&+#+680!$%#+0!L%++7!*#.8(=7=80!+8&?%!
8+6'! &%! $%=8(! 8Q8($#=%! $8*%! L%++%! #&=#LJ=/%! =8!
-7G8(! %! 2/8! 7! L%++7! L%&67=8! 8Q#"#7! $%(! 7.+%*/67!
&8$8++#=7=8U!
!!

332
<(.7(7>7#+:(83!8&6?%!7!*#.8(=7=8!6!7$8&7+!%!
$%=8(!=8!-7G8(!%!2/8!.8(!8&68&=%U!
:!
8-*86#! /(! $%/$%'! 58=8! +8! 7! *#.8(=7=8! $%=8!
+8(!%/6(7!$%#+7'!
!!
58+68!$7+%!%!(8/!$?%!=8!$7>7!6!6?%!*#L(8!$%(%!
8/3! 8*8! 68(! &8$8++7(#7(8&68! 7! L%&67=8! =8! $%((8(!
2/7&=%! LK! /(7! *8.(8! 8! %! $%=8(! =8! $%((8(! +8! &?%!
8+6#L8(! =%8&68! =7+! $8(&7+'! </! &7=7! 68&+%0! $%#+0!
(7#+! =%! 2/8! (8/! $?%T! (8=/G#+:(8! 7%! 8+67=%! =7+!
.8+67+'!
:!
<#+!/(7!+6(#8!=8!$%.(8+!+%-#+(7+!=%+!$%.(8+!
+%-#+67+! 2/8! L%+! #&+6(/J(7('! <#+! 2/8! 8+67#+!
=8+$8#67=%! $%(! &?%! +8(=8+! *#L(8! $%(%! L%++%! $?%'!
@(70! &?%! L%+! $7(8$8#+! $%(! 8*8! 8(! (#*! $%#+7+U! <!
-%(80!7!+8=80!%!L8*7(0!%!=%((#(0!%+!$#&$%!+8&6#=%+0!
&?%! +?%! 8(! L,+! $%(%! &8*8U! =(868&=8(J8#+! $+8#(7(!
$%(!%/6(%!2/7*2/8(!,("?%!7*6(!=%!&7(#GU!=%(!2/8!
2/8(8#+!/(7!*#.8(=7=8!=#-8(8&68!=7!2/8!8*8!68(U!
!!
=%(6(! 8/! 68&+%! /(7! 7*(7! 2/8! (7$#%$#&7!
(/#6%!.8(0!8!%!(8/!$?%!&?%!$8&+7!$%#+7!7*"/(7'!

333
<*8! 7$8&7+! 68(! #=6#7+! +#($*8+0! 8&2/7&6%! 8/!
68&+%!(#*!#=6#7+!(867-J+#$7+'!
:!
=%#+! (/#6%! .8(X! 1%#+! (#*! L8G8+! (7#+! *#L(8! =%!
2/8! 8*80! #+6%! 60! 68&=8+! (#*! L8G8+! (7#+! $%=8(! =8!
$8&+7(! =%! 2/8! 8*83! $%(6(! L%++7! *#.8(=7=8! 6!
$8(-8#67(8&68!#"/7*!V!=8*8'!
!!
!%(%U!</!&?%!68&+%!7!*#.8(=7=8!=8!2/8(8(!%!
2/8!=8+8*%U!
:!
Y/8!8&68&=8#+!$%(!#++%U!
!!
@! 2/8! 6%=7! "8&68! 8&68&=8'! 5?%! +8! =#G!
=#7(#7(8&68T!,<+!L%&67=8+!+?%!*#L(8+4U!
:!
C(! $(%L6(.#%! &?%! 6! /(7! (7G?%3! 8Q$*#$7#:L%+!
(8*+%('!
!!
=8&+%! 2/8! +%/! *#L(8! =8! 2/8(8(! $%(%! (8*+%(!
(8!7"(7=7('!
:!

334
!%(! L%++7! *#$8&>70! #++%! &?%! 68(! %! (J&#(%!
+8&6#=%3! &?%! $8($8.8#+! 2/8! 6! (#=J$/*%! =#G8(T! ,</!
2/8(%!2/8(8(4U!58$8++7(#7(8&680!L,+!=8+8*7#+!8(!
$%&+82ZK&$#7! =7+! #=6#7+! 2/8! +8! L%+! 7$(8+8&67('!
Y/8(8#+!$7+7(0!+#(!%/!&?%U!
!!
#7+! 8! +8! 8/! L%+! =#++8(! 2/8! &?%! 2/8(%! &8(!
/(7!&8(!%/6(7!$%#+7U!
:!
8+$%&=8(J8#+! $%(%! 72/8*8! 2/8! =#++8T! ,C&+!
$8&+7(! 2/8! %! $7(=87*! #7G7(#&%! 8+6'! (%(6%3!
%/6(%+0! 2/8! 8+6'! L#L%3! 8/! &?%! $(8#%! &8(! &/(7!
$%#+7!&8(!&%/6(74'!
!!
=%#+!.8(0!2/8(%!$7+7(:(8'!
:!
B+6%!6!(8+$%&=8(X!=%(!2/8!2/8(8#+!$7+7(U!
!!
=%(2/8! 8+6%/! 7$7#Q%&7=%! $%(! /(7! .8*7!
(7$7(#"70! .8(! 8=/$7=70! (/#6%! (#$70! 2/8! $7&67!
(/#6%!.8(0!-#*+7!=8!$7#+!+%&8+6%+!8!2/8!(8!7(70!
7++#(!$%(%!+/7!-7(J*#7'!
:!

335
<#+! /(7! (7G?%'! 58=8+0! $%#+0! 2/8! &?%! $%=8#+!
2/8(8(! +8(! (7G?%'! "8$*7(%:L%+! 2/8! 68&=8+! 7!
*#.8(=7=8!=8!L%+!$7+7(T!#+6%!60!2/8!68&=8+!%!$%=8(!
=8!7++#&7(!%!$%&6(76%'!
!!
!%(%X!</!&?%!$%++%!2/8(8(!+8(!(%6#L%U!Y/8!
+/$8=8! 8&6?%! 7! 8+68! %/6(%! $(%L6(.#%T! 1#6! $(%!
(76#%&8! L%*/&67+T! (#&+7! L%&67=8! 6! (#&+7! (7G?%0!
8/!2/8(%!$%(2/8!2/8(%U!
:!
B++%!6!7.+/(=%0!(8/!$7(%!7(#"%0!$%#+!+7L8(#7!
8(!L,+!/(!8-8#6%!+8(!$7/+7'!
!!
Y/8U!Y/7&=%!*%"%!$7(!%/!J($7(!68&+%!8&6?%!
/(!(%6#L%!$7(7!8+$%*+8(!$7(!8(!L8G!=8!J($7(U!
:!
1#(0!+8(!&8&+/(7!=\L#=7'!
!!
<!2/7*!6!8++7!(7G?%0!$%(!%.+62/#%U!
:!
[! 2/8! 7! #=6#7! =8! $7(! +8! 7$(8+8&6%/! 7%! L%++%!
8+$J(#6%! (7#+! =%! 2/8! 7! #=6#7! %$%+67'! 18(#7! (/#6%!

336
$O(#$%! 2/8! &7*"/&+! $7+%+! =8+8*'++8#+! $%(! 8Q#+6#(!
/(7! (7G?%! $7(7! %! L%++%! =8+8*%! 8! 2/8! &%/6(%+!
=8+8*'++8#+! +8(! (%6#L%'! Y/7&=%! L%+! 2/8(8#+!
$7+7(0! +8&6#+! 7! (7G?%! =%(#&7&680! 8L#=8&68(8&683!
&?%! 7! +8&6#+! 2/7&=%! *%"7#+! $7(! %/! J($7(0! 8!
$%&6/=%!6!(#+68(!2/8!8Q#+67!/(7'!
!!
#7+0!/(7!L8G!7#&=7T!+%/!%/!&?%!+%/!*#L(8U!
:!
5%++7!L%&67=8!&?%!6!*#L(8!(7+!L%++7+!7>M8+!%!
+?%'!-8&=8+!7!*#.8(=7=8!=8!-7G8(!2/7&=%!68&=8+!%!
$%=8(!=8!-7G8('!
!!
#7+0! 6%=%+! %+! *#L(%+! 2/8! *#! +%.(8! 7! *#.8(=7=8!
=8!#&=#-8(8&>7'''!
:!
1?%! 6%*#$8+T! &?%! 8Q#+68! *#.8(=7=8! =8!
#&=#-8(8&>73! 6! /(! 68((%! =8+6#6/J=%! =8! +8&+%0!
#&L8&67=%!$%(!$8++%7+!2/8!%!&?%!$%++/8('!

337
,(8%8*2'

5?%! +8! 6(767! =8! (88=#67(! %! *#L(%! =8! <(7+(%0!


2/8! &7! 76/7*#=7=8! &?%! +8(#7! (7#+! =%! 2/8! /(!
*/"7(!$%(/(!.7+67&68!#&+J$#=%'!
!+7(7(%+!*%/$/(7!7!8++7!=%8&>7!=%+!,("?%+!
=%!$6(8.(%!2/8!#($8=8!/(!+%(8(!=8!$8&+7(!8!=8!
7"#(! $%(%! %+! %/6(%+'! 5?%! $%=8&=%! "8(#(! +8/+!
.8&+0! 6! #&68(=#6%3! &?%! $%=8&=%! 68(! #=6#7+! =8!
7$%(=%!$%(!7!+%$#8=7=80!6!8Q$*/J=%3!+8!-%(!&%$#L%0!
6!8&$*7/+/(7=%3!+8!-%(!-/(#%+%0!6(7&$7-#7(:&%'!
[! #($%(67&68! %.+8(L7(! 2/8! 8++8! +%(8(0!
8&6(867&6%0!&?%!$7(8$8!=8!#=6#7+3!8*8!7+!68(!$%(%!
6%=%+! %+! %/6(%+! 8&2/7&6%! 7$%(=7=%! 80!
-(82Z8&68(8&680! 8&2/7&6%! =%((8'! =%=8(:+8:'!
$8("/&67(! $%(%! +/7! 7*(7! 8+$#(#6/7*0! #(%(67*0!
7*%*7=7!8(!+8/!$6(8.(%0!(8$8.8&=%!6%=7+!7+!#=6#7+!
$%(! (8#%! =%+! +8&6#=%+! $%%(=8&7=%+! 8! =#L#=#=%+0!
&?%!$%++7!$%&$*/#(!/(!*/*"7(8&6%!+?%'!<*7!LK!%+!
%.*86%+! $%(%! %+! L#7(! 7! 7*(7! =8! <(#+6,68*8+! 8! =8!
=*76?%0! =8! E%$&8! 8! =8! 58)6%&3! %/L8! %+! (8+(%+!
+%&+0! 68(! %! (8+(%! +8&6#=%! =%! 67$6%T! $%(! 2/8!
(%6#L%0! $%#+0! (8$8.8&=%! $8($8$>M8+! 2/8! %+! (7#+!
+'.#%+! 8Q$8(#(8&67(0! $%($M8! /(! $%&*/&6%!
#&8L#67L8*(8&68!8Q6(7L7"7&68U!
18! 8++7! +/.+6R&$#7! +#($*8+! 8! 868(&7! $%++/#!
$7(7!7+!+/7+!7>M8+!%+!(8+(%+!#&+6(/(8&6%+!=7+!
7*(7+! =%+! $6(8.(%+! (7#+! +'.#%+0! =8L8! (7$#%$#&7(!
338
$%(%! 8*8+'! Y/8! %! #($8=#(#7U! !*7(%! 2/8! +8! /(!
(7*/$%! LK! L8((8*+%! 8! %+! +'.#%+! 7G/*3! +8! 2/7&=%!
%+! +'.#%+! %/L8(! /(7! (\+#$7! %! *%/$%! %/L8! %!
G/((7(! =8! /(! 7+&%3! +8! 2/7&=%! 8*8+! 8+6?%! &%!
+8((?%!%!*%/$%!*/*"7!8+67(!&7!$%(6=#73!+8!2/7&=%!
8*8+!%/L8(!+#(0!8*8!8&68&=8!&?%0!8&6?%!+/7!7*(7!
=8L8!$8&+7(!7%!$%&6('(#%!=7+!%/6(7+'!#7+!%!*%/$%!
68(! 7+! (8+(7+! $8($8$>M8+! 2/8! 8*8+3! &?%! +'!
&8&+/(7! (7G?%! 7$7(8&68! $8*7! 2/7*! +/7! 7*(70!
68&=%! (8$8.#=%! (8=#7&68! %+! +8&6#=%+! 6%=%+! %+!
+8/+! /68&+J*#%+0! &?%! %+! $%++7! /+7('! <*7! 6! $/(70!
=#G8(%+3! &?%! 8+6'! +/*8#67! $%(! +#! $(,$(#7! 7!
&8&+/(7! 8&-8((#=7=83! 8#:*7! $(%L#=7! =8! 6%=%+! %+!
(8$/(+%+! &8$8++'(#%+3! $7++8! %! 2/8! +8! $7++7(! 8(!
+8/! $%($%0! &7=7! $%=8('! (/=7(! 7! +/7! 8++K&$#73!
$%&6/=%0!8#:*7!8&$8((7=7!&/(!(7&#$O(#%'!
<++7! (8-*8Q?%! $%=8! -7G8(! +/$%(! 2/8! 7!
-7$/*=7=8!=8!$8&+7(0!=%7=7!$%(!"8/+!7%!+%(8(0!
8+68*7! +/*8#67! 7! =8+7((7&*%+! $%(%! %+! %/6(%+!
+8&6#=%+'! C(! *%/$%! 6! /(! =%8&68! $/*%! $6(8.(%!
+%-(80! $%(%! %! "%6%+%! 6! /(! =%8&68! 2/8! +%-(8! =%+!
$6+! 8! =7+! (?%+3! 8*8! $8&+7! $%(! %! $6(8.(%0! 7++#(!
$%(%! 7&=7! $%(! %+! $6+0! +8(! &7=7! $%&+8$8(! &8(!
=%! +8/! $%=8(! #&$%($(88&+JL8*! =8! 7&=7(0! &8(! =%!
+8/!&?%!(8&%+!#&$%($(88&+JL8*!$%=8(!=8!$8&+7('!
1%-(8:+8! 7! "%67! &%! $6(8.(%! $%(%! &%+! $6+'! <&-#(0!
7$,+! (#*! (8-*8QM8+0! 6! $(8$#+%! $%&L#(! 8(! 2/8!
+%(8&68!7!-60!67*L8G0!$%++7!$%&L8&$8(:&%+!=8!2/8!
/(7! +/.+6R&$#7! +#($*8+! 8! #(768(#7*! +8*7! $7++JL8*!
=8!=%8&>7'!

339
@+! =%/6%+! %/! %+! =%/6%(8+! =#(?%! 7%! *%/$%T!
,#8/! 7(#"%0! &?%! %.+67&68! 68(8+! $8(=#=%! %! +8&+%!
$%(/(0! 6/7! 7*(7! 6! 6?%! 8+$#(#6/7*0! 6?%! $/(70! 6?%!
#(%(67*! $%(%! 7! &%++73! $%(6(! &%++7! 7*(7! 8+6'!
.8(!7*%*7=7!8!7!6/7!%!8+6'!(7*3!7+!*7&8*7+!=7!$7+7!
8+6?%! -8$+7=7+! $7(7! 8*73! -7*67:*+8! 7(0! 8*7! +/-%$74'!
@! (7*/$%0! 8(! +8/+! .%&+! (%(8&6%+0! *+8+!
(8+$%&=8(#7T!#8/+!7(#"%+0!$8&+7#+!V!L%++7!(%=70!
%! 2/8! 6! =#+$/6JL8*'! ##&+7+! *7&8*7+! 8+6?%! 6?%!
7.8(67+! $%(%! 7+! L%++7+0! $%(2/7&6%! 8/! L8*%! %+!
(8+(%+! %.*86%+! 8! %/>%! 7+! (8+(7+! $7*7L(7+T! 6!
$%#+! &8$8++'(#%! 2/80! %/! (#&+7! 7*(7! 8($(8"/8!
(7*! %+! +8/+! +8&6#=%+0! %/! +8*7! 8*7! $(,$(#7! /(!
+8&6#=%!L#$#7=%0!/(7!2/7*#=7=8!=8$(7L7=7'!5/(7!
$7*7L(70! %/! (#&+7! 7*(7! 6! *%/$7! $%(! +/7! $(,$(#7!
$%&67!%/!8/!&?%!68&+%!7*(74'!
C(! =%+! =%/6%(8+! $%=8('! (8+$%&=8(T! ,#8/!
#((?%0! "8/+! $(#%/0! 6! $%++JL8*0! 7*(7+! *%/$7+0!
7++#(! $%(%! $(#%/! 7*(7+! +'.#7+'4! @! *%/$%!
(8$*#$7('T!,18!8/!-%++8!7$(8=#67(!&%!2/8!(8!=#G8#+0!
+8(#7! 7#&=7! (7#+! *%/$%! =%! 2/8! *'! +%/'! =%(!
%.+62/#%0!L,+!2/8!+7.8#+!67&6%0!=#G8#:(80!$%(!2/8!
+%/!*%/$%U4!
18! %+! =%/6%(8+! 6#L8(8(! 7#&=7! /(! $%/$%! =8!
.%(! +8&+%! *+8! (8+$%&=8(?%T! ,B"&%(%:%! 7.+%*/67:
(8&68'4! <*8+! &?%! $%($(88&=8(?%! $%(! 2/8! /(!
$6(8.(%! 68(! #=6#7+! #&$%8(8&68+3! &?%!
$%($(88&=8(?%!(8*+%(!$%(!2/8!%/6(%!$6(8.(%!68(!

340
#=6#7+! (8"/*7(8+! 8! $%8(8&68+'! 7/*"7(:+8:?%!+'.#%+0!
8!+8(?%!6?%!*%/$%+!$%(%!8*8'!

341
,86('

N'! =%#+! (#*! 7&%+! 2/8! +8! =8$*7(7! $%&6(7! %!


*/Q%0! 8(! L8(+%! 8! 8(! $(%+70! $%(6(! 7(7&=%:%!
+8($(8'!
Y/8! &?%! +8! =#++8! =%+! $(#(8#(%+! (%(7&%+U!
Y/7&=%!8++8+!+7*687=%(8+!=8L7+67(7(!8!$#*+7(7(!
7+! $%*+8#67+! =%+! +8/+! L#G#&+%+0! 2/7&=%0! $7(7!
7/(8&67(!+/7!$%.(8!7*=8#70!=8+6(/J(7(!7+!$%.(8+!
7*=8#7+! =%+! L%*+$%+! 8! =%+! +7&#67+0! 8(7(! +%(8&+!
=8+#&68(8++7=%+! 8! L#(6/%+%+T! 7#&=7! &?%! 6#&+7(!
$%=#=%! (%/.7(! %/(%0! &8(! $(7670! &8(! $8=(7(#7+0!
$%(2/8!&?%!+7L#7!&%+!./("%+!%!2/8!+72/87('!58(!
+8/+! .%+2/8+! &8(! +8/+! +%(6%+! 6#&+7(! $8(=#G8+!
%/!-7#+M8+!8!*%/L7:+8!7!+/7!68($8(7&>7'!
Y/7&=%0! $%/$%! 7! $%/$%0! 8*8+! $#*+7(7(! 6/=%0!
(%/.7(7(! 6/=%0! =8+=8! %+! $%&-#&+! =%! <=(#'6#$%! 7%!
</-(768+0! 2/7&=%! 6#L8(7(! .7+67&68! 8+$J(#6%! $7(7!
"%G7(!%!-(/6%!=8!+/7+!(7$#&7+!=/(7&68!+868$8&6%+!
%/! %#6%$8&6%+! 7&%+3! 2/7&=%! $/*6#L7(7(! 6%=7+! 7+!
7(68+0! 7$(8$#7(7(! %+! $(7G8(8+! 8! 766! %+! -#G8(7(!
"%G7(!7%+!L8&$#=%+0!8&6?%!$8++7(7(0!=#G:+80!=8!+8(!
+'.#%+!8!+%&8+6%+'!
-%=7+!8++7+!=8$*7(7>M8+!+8(L8(!$7(7!$(%L7(!
2/8! /(! *7=(?%! *7(7#+! =8L8('! $%(8(! %! *7&67(!2/8!
6%(%/! =8! /(! 68($8#(%! &8(! L8+6#(! %! 6(7*8! 2/8!
(%/.%/0! &8(! 8&-8#67(:+8! $%(! %! 7&8*0! $(%=/6%! =8!
+8/!+72/8'![!$(8$#+%0!=#G8+0!76#(7(!6/=%!#++%!7%!(#%!
342
7! -#(! =8! L#L8(! $%(%! "8&68! +%&(7=73! =#"7(! 7&68+!
2/8! &?%! +8! =8L8(#7! (%/.7('! !%&=8&7#! %+!
+7*687=%(8+! 2/7&=%! +72/8#7(0! &?%! %+! 6(768#+!
$%(6(!$%(%!#&+8&+76%+!2/7&=%!=8+-(/67(!=8!.%7!
-6!%!$(%=/6%!=8!+8/+!(%/.%+'!Y/7&=%!/(!8*8L7=%!
&\(8(%!=8!(7(#&+8#(%+!#&"*8+8+!+8!8&(#2/8$8/!&7!
6%(7=7! =8! =%&=#$+6(;! 8! =8! N7L7&70! &?%! 68(#7(!
8*8+! %! =#(8#6%! =8! "%G7(! 8(! E%&=(8+! $%(%!$7"7!=%!
6(7.7*+%! 2/8! 6#L8(7(! &%+! $%&-#&+! =7! D+#7! 8! =7!
<(6(#$7U!
"8+8*7(#7(! %+! =8$*7(7=%(8+! L8(! 8&68((7=7+!
G8*%+7(8&68! 7+! (#2/8G7+! 7=2/#(#=7+! &7! "/8((70!
$8*7! 7"(#$/*6/(70! $8*%! $%(6($#%! 8! $8*7! #&=\+6(#7U!
<*8+! $#67(! %+! *7$8=8(O&#%+'! =%(! 2/8! &?%! $#67(!
67(.6(! 7! (8$\.*#$7! =8! 1?%! #7(#&+%U! Y/8!
.8&8-J$#%+! -8G! <+$7(67! V! 8(6$#7U! -8L8! 8*7! 7*"/(7!
L8G! +%(8&+! $%(%! "8(,+68&8+0! 1,-%$*8+0! <$8*8+0!
)J=#7+U! @! */Q%! =8! <68&7+! $(#%/! "(7&=8+! +%(8&+!
8(! 6%=%! "K&8(%3! <+$7(67! 68L8! 7*"/&+! $7$#6?8+! 8!
7#&=7! 8(! &\(8(%! (8&%(! =%! 2/8! 7+! %/6(7+!
$#=7=8+'! 5?%! 6! 2/8! /(7! (8$\.*#$7! 6?%! $82/8&7!
$%(%!7!=%+!*7$8=8(O&#%+!$%&+8(L8!7!+/7!$%.(8G7'!
!+8"7:+8!V!(%(68!67&6%!&7!(#+6(#7!$%(%!"%G7&=%!
=72/#*%! 2/8! &%+! $%=8! 6%(&7(! 7! L#=7! 7"(7='L8*'! @!
+8*L7"8(! =%! !7&7='! +/.+#+68! 8! 76#&"8! 7! L8*+#$8!
$%(%! %! $#=7=?%! #&"*K+! 2/8! 68(! $#&2Z8&67! (#*!
"/#&6/+! =8! (8&=7'! #7+! 2/8(! #('! $%($7(7(0!
*7(7#+0!%!$7J+!=%+!#(%2/8+8+!V!B&"*768((7U!

343
Y/8!7!(8$\.*#$7!=8! 7"/+7!8!%!$7&6?%!=8!`/"!
-7>7(! *8#+! +/&6/'(#7+T! 8*8+! 6K(! (7G?%0! 6! $(8$#+%!
2/8!%!$%.(8!&?%!"7+68!7*6(!=8!+/7+!$%++8+3!(7+!
*#!&7*"/(!*/"7(.293T!
,17.8#! 2/8! +8! %! */Q%! 8&(#2/8$8! /(! "(7&=8!
8+67=%!$M8!7!$8(=8(!/(!$82/8&%4'!
18! $%(! */Q%! 8&68&=8(=8+! %! 8Q$8++%0! +7.8(%+!
(/#6%! .8(! 2/8! 8(! 6/=%! %! 8Q$8++%! 6! $8(&#$#%+%T!
&7!7.+6#&K&$#7!$%(%!&%!8$#$/(#+(%0!&7!8$%&%(#7!
$%(%! &7! *#.8(7*#=7=8'! 5?%! +8#! $%(%! $%=8!
7$%&68$8(!2/80!&7+!(#&+7+!7*=8#7+0!%&=8!7!68((7!6!
#&"(7670! %+! #($%+6%+! $8+7=%+0! 7! $(%#.#>?%! =8!
8Q$%(67(!%!6(#"%!2/8!-%#!+8(87=%0!#&6%*8('L8*0!&?%!
8Q#+68!$%&6/=%!/(!$%*%&%!2/8!&?%!68&+7!/(7!.%7!
(%/$7! =8! .7&+%! 8! &?%! +8*7! .8(! $7*>7=%! 8! .8(!
&/6(#=%'! 18! 8++8! $%*%&%! 6(7.7*+7! $%(! 7! +/7! .8*7!
(%/$70! $%(! *#&+%! .(7&$%0! %+! $7.8*%+! -(#+7=%+0!
$%*L#&+7=%+0! 8#+! $8(67(8&68! /(! "(7&=8! */Q%! 8!
/(7!#($8(6#&K&$#73!(7+!%!-76%!=8!/(!./("/K+!=8!
=7(#+! %/! E%&=(8+! $%($7(8$8(! 7%! 8+$86'$/*%!
L8+6#=%! $%(%! 8++8! $7($%&K+! +8(#7! #&68($(867=%!
$%(%!7!+%(=#=8G!(7#+!"(%++8#(7!8!(#=J$/*7'!
1$1'/%53$'.&'+4=3$6'$3&1'-4+1.'54&.834'0.&4$6'
83%$'3#1+)'-.1+)834'&483.1'-%&$.$14+4'+4-13/!
Y/7&=%! +8! #&L8&67(7(! 7+! 68+%/(7+0! 2/8! &?%!
$8(68&$8(! +8(! =\L#=7! V! (7#+! (8(%67!
7&6#"Z#=7=80! %! 2/8! &?%! +8! =#++8! $%&6(7! %+!
$(#(8#(%+! 2/8! $%(67(7(! 7+! /&+7+! 8! 7$7(7(7(!

344
/(7! $7(68! =%+! $7.8*%+! 2/8! *+8+! $7#7(! +%.(8! %!
&7(#GU!)%(7(!6(767=%+!$%(%!$82/8&%+!./("/8+8+!
8! $(,=#"%+! %+! 2/8! $%($(7L7(! (/#! $7(%! %!
#&+6(/(8&6%!=7!L7#=7=8!7!-#(!=8!-7*+#-#$7(!7!%.(7!
=%! !(#7=%('! Y/8! 8&%((8! $8$7=%! 8&$/(67(! %+!
$%(&%+! 2/8! "8/+! -8G! &7+$8(! &7+! 8Q6(8(#=7=8+! =8!
&%++%+! =8=%+! <(7! /(! /*6(7*8! V! "#L#&=7=8'! <#&=7!
-%#! $#%(! 2/7&=%! +8! #&L8&67(7(! 7+! $7(#+7+! 8! 7+!
$+#&8*7+'! 17.8:+8! $%(! 2/8! -/(%(! %+! L8*+%+!
$%&+8*+8#(%+0! 2/8! *7(7#+! 7+! 6#&+7(! /+7=%0!
"(#67(7(! $%&6(7! %+! *%L8&+! (7"#+6(7=%+! 2/8! +8!
=8(7(!7!8++8!+%&8+6%!*/Q%'!

345
921#*$2'

@+!+'.#%+!7!2/8(!+8!$8("/&67!%!2/8!6!7!7*(70!
(8+$%&=8(!2/8!&7=7!+7.8(!7!8++8!(8+$8#6%'!18!+8!
*+8+! $8("/&67! %! 2/8! 6! 7! (766(#70! =?%! 7! (8+(7!
(8+$%+67'! [! L8(=7=8! 2/8! 7*"/&+! $(%-8++%(8+! 8!
$(#&$#$7*(8&68! 7*"/&+! 8+$%*7(8+! $%&+8$8(!
$8(-8#67(8&68!6/=%!#++%T!8!2/7&=%!(8$868(!2/8!7!
(766(#7! 6! 8Q68&+7! 8! =#L#+JL8*0! */*"7(! +7L8(! =#6%!
6/=%3! (7+! 2/7&=%! +?%! +%*#$#67=%+! 7! (8+$%&=8(! %!
2/8! +#"&#-#$7! 8++7! $%#+7! 8Q68&+70! -#$7(!
8(.7(7>7=%+'!,B++%!6!$%($%+6%!=8!$7(68+0!=#G8(4'!
<! 8++7+! $7(68+! =8! 2/8! +?%! $%($%+67+U! 1?%! %+!
8*8(8&6%+! =8++7+! $7(68+! =#L#+JL8#+U! <&6?%! 8*8+!
8(/=8$8(! %/! -7*7(! (/#6%0! %! 2/8! 6! #"/7*(8&68!
+/+$8#6%'! <++8! 8&68! 2/7+8! =8+$%&+8$#=%! 7! 2/8!
$+7(7(%+! (766(#7! 6! 868(&%U! -%=%+! %+! 7&6#"%+!
7++#(! %! */*"7(7('! -8('! 8*80! =8! $8(! +#0! 7! -%(>7!
76#L7U! 5'(#%+! -#*,+%-%+! %! #(7"#&7(7('! @+! 2/8! %!
&8"7(0! 6K(! %! =#(8#6%! =8! &8"':*%U! 5?%! $%&$8.8#+!
2/8! 7! (766(#7! $%++7! +8(! 7*"/(7! $%#+7! $%(! +#!
$(,$(#7'! #7+! $%(%! $%=8#+! 7-#((7(! 2/8! 8*7! &?%!
68&+7! $%(! +#! (8+(7! 7+! $(%$(#8=7=8+! 2/8! *+8! +?%!
&8$8++'(#7+U!B"&%(7#+!2/7*!6!7!+/7!&76/(8G7!8!*+8!
(8$/+7#+! -%((7+! 2/8! 8+6?%! &8++7! (8+(7!
&76/(8G7T! $%(2/80! 7-#&7*0! =8+=8! 2/8! 8*7! 60! -7G:+8!
7.+%*/67(8&68! &8$8++'(#%! 2/8! 68&+7! /(7! -%((70!
2/8!+8*7!-#"/(7=73!80!=8+=8!2/8!6!&8$8++7(#7(8&68!
-#"/(7=70! +8('! #($%++JL8*! 7! 8Q#+6K&$#7! =8! %/6(7+!
-%((7+! *#"7=7+! V! +/7! $%&-#"/(7>?%U! <! (766(#7!
346
8Q#+680! &?%! 7! $%&+8$8#+! +8&?%! (8=#7&68! L%++7+!
+8&+7>M8+'! <+X! =8! 2/8! +8(L8(! 6%=7+! 7+!
+/+$8$6#.#*#=7=8+! =%! 8+$J(#6%! =8+=8! 2/8!
(7$#%$#&7(%+U! <! "8%(86(#7! &%+! 8&+#&%/! "(7&=8!
&\(8(%! =8! L8(=7=8+0! 7! (867-J+#$7! .8(! $%/$7+'!
=8+7(%+!7!(766(#70!(8=#(%:*70!=8$%($%(%:*73!80!
7*6(! =8++7+! %$8(7>M8+! (/=#(8&67(8+0! +8!
2/#+8((%+! =7(! /(! $7++%! +8&6#(%+! 8(! &,+! 7!
#($%6K&$#7!8!7=#7&68!=8!&,+!/(!7.#+(%'!
=8(=%7#0! $%(! (8($K0! 7%! /&#L8(+%! #&68#(%0! 2/8!
+8! 8&"7&%/! 7%! */*"7(! 2/8! 7! (766(#7! 8Q#+6#++8! $%(!
+#! $(,$(#7'! =%=8(#7! $(%$8=8(! =8! -%((7! =#L8(+7U!
!%(%! #(7"#&7(! 2/8! %! 2/8! 6! +8(! +/$8++?%! &?%! %!
-%#! +8($(8U! 18! &?%! -%++8! &8$8++'(#7! 7! 8Q#+6K&$#7!
=7! (766(#70! $%(! 2/8! 8Q#+68! 8*7U! <! +8! 8(7! $(8$#+%!
2/8! 8*7! -%++80! $%(! 2/8! &?%! 68(#7! +#=%! +8($(8U!
58&+/(! 7Q#%(7! -%#! 6?%! /&#L8(+7*(8&68! 7$8#6%!
$%(%! 8+68T! 57=7! +8! -7G! =8! &7=7'! !%(! 8-8#6%0! %!
$%&6('(#%!6!#&$%($(88&+JL8*'!@!$7%+!$(8$8=8/!8(!
6%=%+! %+! $%L%+!7!=#+$%+#>?%!2/8!/(7!(?%!=#L#&7!
-8G! &%! (/&=%! #&68#(%'! <! 868(&#=7=8! =7! (766(#7!
*7(7#+! %-8&=8/! 8(! $%L%! 7*"/(! %! $/*6%! =7!
"#L#&=7=8'! <! $(,$(#7! (8*#"#?%! *7(7#+! $(%$/(%/!
#($8=#(! 2/8! /(! "8/+! 868(&%! -%++8! (8$%&+8$#=%!
$%(%! %! +8&+%(! =8! /(7! (766(#7! 868(&7'! 1%(%+!
(/#6%!-8*#G8+0!+%*80!7%!+8(!#&-%((7=%+!$8*7!-6!2/8!
"8/+! 6#(%/! 7! (766(#7! =%! &7=7'! =%(6(0! &7>?%!
7*"/(7! -%#! #&+6(/J=7! 7! (8+$8#6%! =8++8! =%"(73! %+!
$(,$(#%+! */=8/+! #"&%(7(7(:&%'! @! $(#(8#(%!
L8(+J$/*%!=%!8K&8+#+!=#G!2/8!%+!=8/+8+!<*%#(!.&?%!

347
<*%#3!-#G8(7(!%!$6/!8!7!68((73!&?%!=#G8(!2/8!%!$6/!
8!7!68((7!-%(7(!$(#7=%+!=%!&7=7'!
)J*%&0! =%! \&#$%! 68($%! 8(! 2/8! %+! */=8/+!
6#L8(7(! 7*"/(7! 8(/=#>?%0! =#G! 8(! +8/! $7$J6/*%! =7!
$(#7>?%T!,"8/+0!+8&=%!.%(!$%(!+/7!&76/(8G70!&?%!
#&+/-*%/! 7! #&L8*7! &7! +/.+6R&$#70! &7! (766(#70! 2/8!
$%(!+#!(8+(7!&7=7!6#&+7!=8!.%(0!2/8!&?%!68(!=8!
+/7! &76/(8G7! +8&?%! 7! #&6($#70! 7! $%&-/+?%0! 7!
=8+%(=8('! "#"&%/:+8! 6%(&':*7! .%70! =8! ('! 2/8!
8(74'!
<!#=6#7!=%!$7%+!=8+8(7(7&+7=%!$%(!/(!=8/+!
8&$%&6(7:+8! 8(! 6%=7+! 7+! 68%"%&#7+! 7&6#"7+'!
N8+J%=%!(8$86#/!%!$8&+7(8&6%!=%!@(#8&68!2/7&=%!
=#++8! 8(! +/7! -8%"%&#7T! ,@! $7%+! -%#! %! $(#(8#(%! 7!
8Q#+6#(4!A!@LJ=#%!-%#!%!#&66($(868!=8!6%=%!%!#($6(#%!
(%(7&%!2/7&=%!=#++8T!
9.-'3=.'5.$2%$.1)/6'83.$-3.$'03.1'.##4'54%+3/6'
-%&74+.4/'$4-3.1:::.I:3'!
<!(766(#7!60!$%#+0!&7+!(?%+!=8!"8/+0!$%(%!7!
7("#*7! &7+! =%! %*8#(%0! +8! +8! &%+! $8((#68! %! /+%!
=8++7+! =6.8#+! #(7"8&+! $7(7! 8Q$(#(#(! %! $%=8(!
=#L#&%'!
<! (766(#70! +8&=%! 868(&70! =8L#7! 68(!
$(%$(#8=7=8+! 868(&7+0! $%(%! 7! $%&-#"/(7>?%0! 7!
-%(>7! =8! #&6($#70! %! (%L#(8&6%! 8! 7! =#L#+#.#*#=7=8'!
#7+! 8++7! =#L#+#.#*#=7=8! &?%! 6! +8&?%! 7! (8+/*67! =%!
(%L#(8&6%T! $%#+! +8(! (%L#(8&6%! &7=7! +8! =#L#=80!

348
&8(!+8!+8$7(7!%/!$%%(=8&7'!@!$7%+!68(#7!+#=%!/(!
(%L#(8&6%!$%&-/+%0!8!7!$%%(=8&7>?%!=%!/&#L8(+%!
/(! (%L#(8&6%! (8"/*7(! #($(#(#=%! 7! 6%=%+! %+!
$%($%+!$8*%!+8&+%(!=%!(/&=%'!#7+!$%(%!$%=8(#7!
7! (766(#7! 68(! (%L#(8&6%! $(,$(#%U! "7! (8+(7!
-%((7! 2/8! 68(0! $%&+%7&68! 6%=%+! %+! 7&6#"%+0!
8+68&+?%!8!#($8&86(7.#*#=7=8'!
#7+!&?%!$%=8(%+!$%&$8.K:*7!+8(!8Q68&+?%0!8!
$%=8(%+! $%&$8.K:*7! +8(! (%L#(8&6%'! <! #+6%! +8!
(8+$%&=8T! ,[! #($%++JL8*! 2/8! 7! (766(#7! &?%! +8*7!
$8((8'L8*3! %(70! +8&=%! $8((8'L8*0! 6! $(8$#+%! 2/8!
7*"/(7! $%#+7! $7++8! $%&6#&/7(8&68! $%(! +8/+!
$%(%+3! $7(7! 2/8! $7++7"8&+0! +8! &8*7+! &7=7!
$7++7++8U4!
"8!(6$*#$7!8(!(6$*#$70!&?%!7$7.7(J7(%+!(7#+3!
%! +#+68(7! =7! (766(#7! 868(&7! 7$(8+8&67! "(7&=8+!
=#-#$/*=7=8+0! $%(%! 6%=%+! %+! +#+68(7+'! @! =7!
(766(#7! -%((7=7! =%! &7=7! &?%! 6! (8&%+!
#&$%($(88&+JL8*'!"8L8:+8!7=(#6#:*%!+8(!$(868&=8(!
=7(:*+8! (7G?%3! &8(! 6/=%! 8Q$*#$7! 7! -#*%+%-#7'!
Y/7&67+! $%#+7+! #&$%($(88&+JL8#+! +%(%+! -%(>7=%+!
7! 7=(#6#(0! (8+(%! &7! "8%(86(#7U! =%=8(%+!
$%&$8.8(! 2/8! =/7+! *#&+7+! 7&=8(! $7(7*8*7(8&68!
+8(!&/&$7!+8!8&$%&6(7(8(U!
8+$%&=8(:&%+:?%! &76/(7*(8&68! %+!
"8O(86(7+T! ,<+! $(%$(#8=7=8+! =7+! 7++#&6%67+! L%+!
-%(7(! =8(%&+6(7=7+3! &?%! $%=8#+! =8#Q7(! =8!
7=(#6#:*7+3! (7+! 7! $(#7>?%0! &?%T! $%(! 2/8! 7!

349
7=(#6#7U! Y/8! =#-#$/*=7=8! 7$+7#+! 8(! $(8(0! $%(%!
6%=%+! %+! 7&6#"%+0! &7! (766(#7! 868(&7U4! =%(! %/6(%!
*7=%! =#(:L%+:'! %! 68,*%"%T! ,18! 7$(8=#67(=8+! 2/8! 7!
(766(#7! 6! 868(&70! (8$%&+8$8(8#+! $%(67&6%! =%#+!
$(#&$J$#%+0! "8/+! 8! 7! (766(#73! $7J+! 7"%(7! &%! 8((%!
=8!`%(%7+6(%!8!#7&6+4'!
57=7! (8+$%&=8(8(%+! 7%+! "8O(86(7+0! $%(2/8!
72/8*7! "8&68! &7=7! $%&+8$8! 7*6(! =8! +/7+! *#&+7+0!
+/7+! +/$8(-J$#8+! 8! +8/+! +,*#=%+'! #7+! $%=8(%+!
=#G8(! 7%+! 68,*%"%+T! ,<(! 2/8! +%/! (7&#2/8/U! <#+!
72/#! $8=(7+! 2/8! /(! 7(2/#686%! &?%! -7.(#$%/3! 8*8!
8("/8/! /(7! $%&+6(/>?%! #(8&+73! &?%!7=(#6%!=%#+!
7(2/#686%+3!7+!$8=(7+!.(/67+!%.8=8$8(7(!7%!$%=8(!
8!7%!"K&#%4'!
)8*#G(8&680! +8*7! 2/7*! -%(! %! +#+68(7! 2/8!
7.(7$8(%+0! &8&+/(! $(8*/=#$7! 7! (%(7*T! $%(2/80!
2/8! #($%(67! 2/8! 7! (766(#7! 68&+7! +#=%! -8#67! %/!
%(=8&7=7U! "8/+! 6! #"/7*(8&68! &%++%! +8&+%(!
7.+%*/6%'! "8L8(%+! +8(! #"/7*(8&68! L#(6/%+%+! 8(!
/(! $7%+! =8+8(7(7&+7=%! %/! 8(! /(! $7%+! $(#7=%!
=%! &7=73! 2/7+8! &8&+/(7! =8++7+! 2/8+6M8+!
(867-J+#$7+! #&-*/#! &7! $%&=/67! =7! L#=7T! 67#+!
=#+$/67+! +?%! $%(%! 7+! 7*8"(8+! $8(#2/#6#$8+! 2/8!
68(%+!V!(8+7T!=8$%#+!=8!$%(8(!$7=7!/(!8+2/8$8!
%! 2/8! =#++8! 8! L7#! $7(7! %&=8! %! $+7(7(! +8/!
#&68(8++8!8!+8/!"%+6%'!

350
928'

5#L8(!7!"(#67(:&%+!2/8!7!&76/(8G7!+/(7&7!6!
8++8&$#7*(8&68! $8(L8(+70! 2/8! %! +%(8(! &7+$8/!
(7/! 8! -#*+%! =%! =#7.%'! 57=7! (8&%+! $%&=8(7=%T!
$%(2/80! (8/! 7(#"%0! 6/! 2/8! (8! =#G8+! 2/8! 6%=7!
"8&68! &7+$8/! $8(L8(+70! 6/! (8! 7=L8(68+! $%#+! =8!
2/8! &7+$8+68! 67*0! 2/8! 6! $(8$#+%! 2/8! 8/! =8+$%&-#8!
=8!6#!$%(%!=8!/(7!(7$%+7!%/!=8!/(!$(%$%=#*%'!A!
@+X!&7=7!=#++%X!A!=#G8+0!A!8/!(8!(8"8&8(8#0!&?%!
+%/! &8(! +8(8"8! &8(! #&-#8*0! $%=8#+! -#7(:L%+! 8(!
(#('!A!#7+!%!(8+6%!=%!"K&8(%!+/(7&%0!2/8!6!%/!
+8(8"8! %/!%!2/8!$+7(7+!#&-#8*0!&?%!+8('!$%#+!/(!
$%&*/&6%! =8! (%&+6(%+U! <! 6%=7+! 7+! L8G8+! 2/8!
-7*7(8+! 7! /(! */68(7&%! %/! 7! /(! 6/($%! =8L8('+!
8+67(! $8(6%! =8! 2/8! 68! (%/.7(?%! %/! 7++7++#&7(?%T!
$%#+! +?%! -#*+%+! =%! =#7.%3! &7+$8(7(! (/#&+3! /(!
&7=7! 68(! =8! (8"8&8(7=%! 8! %! %/6(%! 6! =8"8&8(7=%'!
18(#7!(/#6%!(7#+!(7G%'L8*0!(/#6%!(7#+!.8*%0!=#G8(!
7%+!+%(8&+T!57+$8+68+!.%&+3!L8=8!2/?%!7-(%&6%+%!
+8(#7! $%((%($8(! 7! $/(8G7! =%! L%++%! +8('! 18(#7! =8!
(#+68(! $(%$8=8(! $%(! %! "K&8(%! +/(7&%! $%(%!
$(%$8=8(%+!$%(!%+!+%(8&+!8(!$7(6#$/*7('!18!/(!
$O&8"%! *8L7! /(7! L#=7! 8+$7&=7*%+70! &,+! *+8!
=#G8(%+T!,[!$%++JL8*!2/8!=8+%&(8#+!7!=#"&#=7=8!=8!
$O&8"%U4!)7G:+8!*8(.(7(!7!/(!(7"#+6(7=%!2/8!8*8!
68(!7!+%&(7!=8!+8(!$%&+8*+8#(%!=%!(8#!8!2/8!=8L8!
=7(! %! 8Q8($*%'! "#G:+8! 7! /(! +%*=7=%! 7! -#(! =8!
8&$%(7*':*%T!, 8$%(=7!2/8!$8(68&$8+!7%!(8"#(8&6%!
=8! !+7($7"&84! "8L8(:+8:#7! =#G8(! 7! 6%=%!
351
#&=#LJ=/%T! ,E8(.(7:68! =8! 6/7! =#"&#=7=8! =8!
+%(8(4'!
<0! $%(! 8-8#6%0! &?%! %.+67&68! 7! $%++/#((%+0!
68(%+! +8($(8! &8$8++#=7=8! =8*7T! $%#+! 2/8! 2/8(!
=#G8(! 8+67! -(7+8! -(82Z8&68(8&68! 8($(8"7=7! 8(!
6%=%+!%+!$%L%+0!$%&$8&6(7#:L%+!8(!L,+!(8+(%U!18!
+%/L6++8#+! &7+$#=%! -#*+%! =%! =#7.%0! +8! L%++7!
%(#"8(! -%++8! $(#(#&%+70! +8! L%++%! +7&"/8! -%++8!
$%($%+6%! =8! /(! *#$%(! #&-8(&7*0! 8+67! 8Q$(8++?%!
$%&$8&6(7#:L%+! 8(! L,+! (8+(%! +#"&#-#$7(#7T!
$%&+/*67#0! +8"/#! L%++7! &76/(8G7! =#7.,*#$70! +8=8!
#($%+6%(0!7++7++#&%0!6!7!*8#!=8!L%++%!$7#'!
@!+%(8(!&?%!6!(/#(!=8!&7+$#(8&6%3!6%(&7:+8!
=8$%#+0! 7++#(! $%(%! 7=%8$8'! <*"/&+! (6=#$%+! +8!
*+8! 7$(8+8&67(! 8! =#G8(T! ,57+$8+68+! *'! =%8&68'4!
=#*8! 8+6'! $8(-8#67(8&68! $8(6%! =8! 2/8! 8++8+!
(6=#$%+0! $%(! (7#+! 2/8! -7>7(0! &?%! %! $/(7(?%! +8!
+/7! =%8&>7! 6! #&8(8&68! 7! +/7! &76/(8G73! 8++8+!
$(,$(#%+!7("/(8&67=%(8+!+?%!.8(!=%8&68+'!
8/&#! 6%=7+! 7+! $(#7&>7+! =%! /&#L8(+%0! 8! &?%!
L8(8#+!&8*7+!+8&?%!#&%$K&$#70!=%>/(7!8!6#(#=8G3!+8!
+%/L8++8(! &7+$#=%! ('+0! (7*-8#6%(7+0! $(/6#+0!
(%+6(7(#7(! 7*"/(! +#&7*0! 67*! $%(%! 7+!
+8($8&68G#&+7+! $(%$/(7(! (%(=8(! 8! %+! 6#"(#&+%+!
7((7&+7('!
#7+! 7! &76/(8G7! &?%! $%&$8=8/! 7%! +%(8(!
(7#+! 7((7+! %-8&+#L7+! =%! 2/8! 7%+! $%8*+%+! 8! 7%+!

352
$'++7(%+0! &?%! *+8+! $%=8! =7(! /(! #&+6#&6%! 2/8! %+!
$%&=/G7!V!=8+6(/#>?%'!
=%(67&6%!%!+%(8(!&?%!6!(7/!=8!&7+$#(8&6%'!
=%(! 2/8! 8&6?%! 8Q#+68! 6?%! "(7&=8! &\(8(%! =8!
#&-867=%+! $%(! 8++7! $8+68! =7! (/#&=7=8U! [! 2/8!
72/8*8+! 2/8! %+! =#(#"8(0! +8&=%! $%*+#=%+! $8*7!
=%8&>70! $%(/&#$7(:&7! 7%! (8+6%! =%+! +%(8&+0!
$%(%! /(7! (/*+8(! 767$7=7! =%! (7*! 2/8! !(#+6,L?%!
!%*%(.%! 6(%/Q8! =7! <(6(#$7! 8+$7*+7! 8++8! L8&8&%!
=8! 8Q6(8(%! 7! %/6(%! =7! </(%$7'! @! $(#(8#(%!
7(.#$#%+%!$%((%($8/!7!68((7'!
B=8+! =#G8(:(8! 2/8! 8++8! $(#(8#(%! (%&+6(%!
=8+8&L%*L8/! %! "8((8! =%! %("/*+%0! =7! (7$#&70! =7!
-(7/=80! =7! $(/8*=7=80! 2/8! 8Q#+68! 8(! 6%=%+! %+!
+%(8&+'!18#!(/#6%!.8(!2/8!8(!"8(7*!7!(7#%(#7!=8!
&%++%+!#((?%+!$%=8!7=2/#(#(!8++8+!=8-8#6%+3!8+67('!
$%(6(!6%=7!"8&68!$%&67(#&7=7!$8*7!-8.(8!$\6(#=70!
$8*%+!$'*$/*%+!(8&7#+0!7$8&7+!$%(!2/8!6%=%+!8+6?%!
8Q$%+6%+U!
<Q#+68(!&7>M8+!#&68#(7+!$%($*867(8&68!.%7+T!
%+!-#*7=6*-#%+0!%+!.7&#7&%+!&/&$7!(767(7(!$8++%7!
7*"/(73! %+! $+#&8+8+0! %+! $%L%+! =8! -%&2/#(0! =8!
E7%0! =8! 1#7(0! =%! $(,$(#%! 77$?%0! =/(7&68! L'(#7+!
$8&68&7+! =8! 7&%+! &?%! $%&+8$8(7(! 7! "/8((7'!
<$8&7+! =8! =8G! 8(! =8G! 7&%+! 6! $%++JL8*! L8(! /(!
=8++8+! $(#(8+! 2/8! $%(%L8(! 7! &76/(8G7! +/(7&7!
&7+! $#=7=8+! =8! %(70! 58&8G70! =7(#+0! E%&=(8+0!

353
<(+68(=?0! $#=7=8+! %&=80! =8! -8#6%0!7!$/$#=8G0!(?8!
=8!6%=%+!%+!$(#(8+0!6!8Q68&+7'!
18! %+! +%(8&+! -%++8(! 8++8&$#7*(8&68! (7/+0!
+8! &7+$8++8(! $%($*867(8&68! +/.(86#=%+! 7! /(!
+8(! 6?%!(7*-8#6%(!$%(%!#&-8*#G0!2/8!$7(7!+8!L#&"7(!
=8! +8/+! +/$*J$#%+! *+8+! #&+$#(7++8! 6%=%+! %+! +8/+!
-/(%(8+0! L8(:+8:#7(! 6%=7+! 7+! (7&+?+! (7(#=%+!
7++7++#&7=%+! $%(! +/7+! (/*+8(8+! 8! $7#+! $%(! +8/+!
-#*+%+0!$%(%!$%=8(%+!$%&68($*7(!&%!7*L%(8$8(!=%!
=#7! -(7&"%+! 8+6(7&"/*7=%+! $%(! /(7! =%&#&+7! 2/8!
*+8+!+/"%/!%!+7&"/8'!
18!+%/L8(!/(!.#*+?%!=8!+%(8&+!+%.(8!7!68((7!
+8('!(/#6%3!#+6%!='!7$(%Q#(7=7(8&68!2/#&+8&6%+!
(#*+M8+! =8! (/*+8(8+! 2/8! $%+6/(7(0! 2/8!
$%G#&+7(0!2/8!7*#(8&67(!+8/+!-#*+%+0!2/8!6%(7(!
$%&67!=7!$7+7!%/!$7.7&7!$(,$(#70!8!2/8!-7*7(!/(!
$8(6%! (7*! =8! +/7+! L#G#&+7+'! 5?%! L8*%! 2/8! "(7&=8!
(7*! 8++7+! $%.(8+! #&%$8&68+! -7G8(! +%.(8! 7! 68((7'!
1%.(8! 8++8! &\(8(%! =8! +7.#67&68+! =%! "*%.%! +'!
=/G8&6%+! (#*+M8+! =8! $(#7&>7+! &%! (J&#(%0! 2/8!
$%(! 6%=7! $8(68G7! &?%! +72/8#7(! &8(! (767(0! 8!
$8($7! =8! %/6(%! 67&6%! =8! L8*+%+! 8! =%8&68+! 2/8! %!
&?%! $%=8(! -7G8('! 8+67(?%! 2/7&=%! (/#6%! $8(!
(#*+M8+!=8!*%L8&+!(%./+6%+!8!$7$7G8+!=8!$(76#$7(!
%! $(#(8'! "8++8+! $8(! (#*+M8+! &%L8&67! 8+6?%!
$%&6#&/7(8&68!%$/$7=%+!8(!-%(>7(!7!68((70!(8($K!
=8!/(!6(7.7*+%!$(%=#"#%+%0!7!-#(!=8!2/8!8+67!*+8+!
=K!7*#(8&6%+!8!(%/$7+3!8++8+!&?%!6K(!#"/7*(8&68!
68($%!$7(7!-7G8(!%!(7*'!

354
5%+! =8G! (#*+M8+! (8+67&68+! 8+6?%!
$%($(88&=#=%+! %+! %$#%+%+! 2/8! $(8G7(! 7! .%7!
$%($7&+#7! =7+! (8+7+0! 2/8! =8+8*7(! L#L8(! =%$8! 8!
6(7&2Z#*7(8&680! %+! +%(8&+! =8! 67*8&6%! %$/$7=%+!
$%(! +/7+! $(%-#++M8+0! %+! (7"#+6(7=%+0! %+! $7=(8+0!
L#+#L8*(8&68! #&68(8++7=%+! 8(! *8L7(! /(7! L#=7!
$/(70! 7%! (8&%+! &7! 7$7(K&$#7'! !%(%! L8(=7=8#(%+!
(7/+0!$%(67&6%0!7$8&7+!(8+67(?%!7*"/&+!$%*J6#$%+0!
7(7=%(8+! %/! $(%-#++#%&7#+0! 8! 7*"/&+! (#*+7(8+! =8!
L7"7./&=%+! 2/8! *+8+! 7*/"7(! %+! +8/+! +8(L#>%+'!
@(70! #($%++JL8*! +8(#7! 76/7(! /(! (#*+?%! =8! .8+67+!
-8(%G8+! 7%! (8+(%! 68($%3! 8! &8++8! &\(8(%! 8+6?%!
#&$*/J=%+! %+! 7++7*67&68+! =7+! 8+6(7=7+! (87#+'!
-8&=8+0! $%#+0! 2/7&=%! (/#6%0! +%.(8! 7! 68((70! &%+!
68($%+!(7#+!.%((7+$%+%+0!/(!+%(8(!+%.(8!(#*!7!
2/8(!+8!$%=8!$+7(7(!(7/'!
N'! $%#+! #&-#&#67(8&68! (8&%+! (7*! +%.(8! 7!
68((7!=%!2/8!+8!=#G!8!$8&+7'!<!6!7#&=7!(/#6%0!+8(!
=\L#=7T!7++#+6#(%+!7!=8+"(7>7+!8!$(#(8+!+%((JL8#+3!
$%(6(! %! $(7G8(! =8! +8! *7(8&67(! 8! 8Q7"8(7(! 6! 6?%!
"(7&=8! 2/8! V! (J&#(7! 7((7&+7=8*7! +8(J8#+! $7$7G!
=8!.(7=7(!2/8!7!68((7!(8"/("#67!=8!+7&"/8'!)%+68+!
8&"7&7=%0! 6%=%+! %+! +%(8&+! +?%! $8(*/(%+'! C(!
8+$J(#6%!(8*7&$,*#$%!2/8!+%-(8/!/(7!#&*/+6#>7!LK!%!
/&#L8(+%! $%.8(6%! =8! =7&7=%+0! $%(%! /(! *%L8(!
L%*/$6/%+%! $87&=%! $%(! +/7! =7(70! 7%! +7#(! =7!
F$8(70!&?%!7$(8=#67!&7!8Q#+6K&$#7!=8!#&-8*#G8+'!

355
9&--$2-'

#8++#7+! %/! #8++#7+! 8(! +8.(8/3! !+(#+6%+!%/!


<*8#((8&%+!8(!"(8"%3!C&$6/+!8(!*76#(3!C&"#=%'!
58(%+! &%! 58*+%! -8+67(8&6%! 2/8! %! &%(8! =8!
#8++#7+! -%#! =7=%! 7! $(J&$#$8+! #=,*76(7+! %/! #&-#6#+'!
<+6'! =#6%.I/3! 2/8! "8/+! 8&L#%/! /(! $(%-867! $7(7!
/&"#(! 78\0! (8#! =8! B+(78*'! <&/&$#%/! 8*8! 7! /&>?%!
+7"(7=7! 7! N7G78*0! (8#! =8! "7(7+$%! 8! 1J(#70! $%#+!
8++8+!=%#+!$(J&$#$8+!8(7(!%+!#8++#7+!=%!<*6J++#(%!
$7(7!$/&#(!7!$7+7!=8!<$7.8'!
5%! 2I%'! =8! B+7J7+! %! &%(8! =8! #8++#7+! 6!
8Q$(8++7(8&68!=7=%!7!!#(%'!,<++#(!=#++8!%!<68(&%!
7!!#(%0!+8/!/&"#=%0!+8/!#8++#7+0!=8!2/8(!6%(8#!7!
(?%! =#(8#670! 7! -#(! =8! 2/8! 8/! +/.(867! 7+! &7>M8+!
=#7&68!=8*80!86$'4'!
<G82/#8*0! &%! $7$J6/*%! 9;! =8! +/7+! (8L8*7>M8+0!
='! %! &%(8! =8! #8++#7+! 7%! (8#! =8! -#(%0! 7! 2/8(!
67(.6(! $+7(7L7! Y/8(/.#('! ,)#*+%! =%! +%(8(0!
A! =#++8! %! <68(&%! 7%! $(%-8670! A! $(%&/&$#7! 8(!
7*67+!L%G8+!/(7!2/8#Q7!7%!(8#!=8!-#(%0!8!=#G:*+8T!
,<++#(! =#++8! %! 18&+%(0! %! <68(&%'! <(7+! %!
+#&868! =7! +8(8*+7&>7! =8! "8/+0! (8$*86%! =8!
+7.8=%(#7! 8! $8(-8#6%! 8(! .8*8G73! -%+68! %! *7(=#(! =%!
[=8&! =%! 18&+%(0! .%/0! +8"/&=%! %/6(7+! L8(+M8+3!
8(7+! 6%=7+! 7+! =8*J$#7+! =%! 18&+%('! -/7+! L8+68+!
8(7(! =8! +7(=O&#$70! =8! 6%$'G#%0! =8! *7+$80! =8!

356
$(#+,*#670! =8! O&#Q0! =8! .8(#*%0! =8! +7-#(70! =8!
8+$7(.\&$/*%0!=8!8+(8(7*=7!8!%/(%'!@!2/8!+7.#7(!
-7G8(!68/+!67(.%(8+!8!6/7+!-*7/67+!8+68L8!$%&6#"%3!
8*8+!-%(7(!7$(%&67=%+!&%!=#7!=8!6/7!$(#7>?%3!-%+68!
/(!Y/8(/.#(0!/(!#8++#7+4'!
<++8! &%(8! =8! #8++#7+0! !+(#+60! 8(7! =7=%! 7%+!
(8#+0! 7%+! $(%-867+! 8! 7%+! "(7&=8+! +7$8(=%68+! =%+!
+8.(8/+'!E8(%+!&%!/%'!=%+! 8#+0!cBB0!IT!,@!18&+%(!
8! +8/! #8++#7+! +?%! 68+68(/&+7+40! #+6%! 6T! ,@!
18&+%(! 8! %! (8#! 2/8! 8+67.8*8$8/4'! <! 7*+/(8+T! ,5?%!
6%2/8#+!8(!(8/+!/&"#=%+!&8(!-7>7#+!(7*!7*"/(!7!
(8/+! $(%-867+4'! "7L#0! 7&#(7=%! =%! 8+$J(#6%! =8!
"8/+0! =8/! 8(! L'(#7+! %$7+#M8+! 7! 17/*0! +8/! +%"(%!
(8&8"7=%0!2/8!%!$8(+8"/#70!%!&%(8!8!7!2/7*#=7=8!
=8! /&"#=%0! =8! #8++#7+! =%! 18&+%('! ,"8/+! (8!
"/7(=84! A! =#G! -(82Z8&68(8&68! A! ,=8! *8L7&67(! 7!
(?%! +%.(8! %! /&"#=%! =%! 18&+%(0! +%.(8! %! #8++#7+!
=8!"8/+X4!
18!%!&%(8!=8!#8++#7+0!/&"#=%!=%!18&+%(0!-%#!
=7=%! 7! (8#+! #=,*76(7+0! 7! (8&8"7=%+0! -%#! 67(.6(!
(/#! -(82Z8&68(8&68! 8($(8"7=%! 8(! &%++%+!
7&6#"%+! %('$/*%+! $7(7! =8+#"&7(! %! L8(=7=8#(%!
/&"#=%!=%!18&+%(0!8++8!#8++#7+!$%(!8Q$8*K&$#70!%!
!(#+6%0!-#*+%!=8!"8/+0!8&-#(!%!$(,$(#%!"8/+'!
18! $%($7(7((%+! 6%=%+! %+! =#L8(+%+! %('$/*%+!
2/8!+8!7$*#$7(!=8!%(=#&'(#%!7%!#8++#7+0!&?%!$%=8!
+7L8(!7%!2/8!$7(8$8!=#-#$/*=7=8!7*"/(7!$7$7G!=8!
-7L%(8$8(!%+!*/=8/+0!&%!+8&6#=%!=8!*/+6#-#$7(0!+8!%!

357
$/=8++8(0! +/7! %.+6#&7>?%'! 5'(#%+! "(7&=8+!
68,*%"%+! $%&$%(=7(! 2/80! &%! 8+67=%! =8! %$(8++?%!
+%.!%!2/7*!"8(#7!%!$%L%!*/=8/0!8!=8$%#+!=8!6%=7+!
7+! $(%(8++7+! 2/8! %! <68(&%! *+8! -8G! $%(! 67&67!
-(82ZK&$#70! $%=#7! +/+$#(7(! $8*7! L#&=7! =8! /(!
#8++#7+! L8&$8=%(! 8! *#.8(67=%(0! 8! 2/8! 7++#(! +8!
6%(&7! =8! $8(67! -%((7! 8+$/+'L8*! %! &?%! +7L8(! 7!
$(#&$J$#%! (8$%&+8$#=%! 8++8! *#.8(67=%(! &7! $8++%7!
=8!78+/+'!
=8(68&$#7! 7%! $*7&%! =7! +7.8=%(#7! 868(&7! 2/8!
7+! #=6#7+! 8+$#(#6/7#+! =%! L8(=7=8#(%! #8++#7+!
$8((7&8$8++8(! =8+$%&+8$#=7+! $8*7+! (/*6#=M8+!
$8"7+3! -%(7(:&%! 7%! $%&6%! =8! %+! =%/6%(8+! */=8/+!
6%(7(8(! %! $/#=7=%! =8! &?%! &8"7(! +8&?%! %+!
6(8$+%+! 2/8! 7*8"7(%+! =8L8(8(! +8(! 8&68&=#=%+!
$%(%! (8-8(8&68+! 7%! #8++#7+'! "#G8(! L'(#%+! 2/8! %!
#8++#7+!*'!L8#%!&7!$8++%7!=8!<G82/#7+3!6!67(.6(!
%!$8&+7(8&6%!=%!-7(%+%!N#*8*'!@/6(%+0!8(!"(7&=8!
&\(8(%0!$(868&=8(!2/8!7!$(8&>7!=7!L#&=7!=8!/(!
#8++#7+! &?%! 6! 7.+%*/67(8&68! /(! 7(6#"%!
-/&=7(8&67*! =8! -60! 8! 2/8! 8++8! =%"(70! &?%!
7++%(7&=%! &8(! &%! "8$'*%"%! &8(! &%! E8LJ6#$%0!
&?%!$7++7!=8!/(7!8+$8(7&>7!$%&+%*7=%(7'!
5'(#%+! (7.#&%+! =#G8(! &?%! =/L#=7(! 2/80!
+8"/&=%!%+!7&6#"%+!%('$/*%+0!%!#8++#7+!&?%!68&+7!
L#&=%!&%+!68($%+!=868((#&7=%+3!(7+!2/8!8*8!&?%!
8&L8*+8$80!2/8!-#$7('!+%.(8!8+67!68((7!8!8+$8(7('0!
$7(7! +8! (7&#-8+67(0! 2/8! B+(78*! 68&+7! $8*8.(7=%!
$%(%!6!=8!(#+68(!%!+7.768'!

358
@! -7(%+%! (7.#&%! 17*%(?%! 77(2/J! %/! 7+2/J0!
2/8! L#L8/! &%! $(#&$J$#%! =%! =/%=6$#(%! +6$/*%0! =#G!
8(! +/7+! -7*(\=#$7+! 2/8! %+! 7&6#"%+! +8.(8/+!
7$(8=#67(7(! 2/8! %! #8++#7+! &7+$8(7! &%! =#7! =7!
\*6#(7! =8+6(/#>?%! =8! 78(/+7*6(! $8*%+! 8Q6($#6%+!
(%(7&%+3! 60! $%(%! +8! $%+6/(7! =#G8(0! $+7(7(! %!
(6=#$%!=8$%#+!=7!(%(68'!
@! (7.#&%! Y/#&2/J0! 2/8! 67(.6(! L#L8/! &%!
=/%=6$#(%! +6$/*%0! 7&/&$#%/! 2/8! %! #8++#7+0! $/*7!
L#&=7! */*"7L7! (/#6%! $(,Q#(70! 8Q$/*+7(#7! =7!
7/=6#7! %+! $(#+6?%+! 2/8! 7! $%++/J7(! 766! 72/8*8!
(%(8&6%3! 6! L8(=7=8! 2/8! %+! $(#+6?%+! $8(=8(7(! 7!
-8((7! 17&673! (7+! -%#! 17*7=#&%! 2/8(! %+! L8&$8/3!
$%(!$%/$%!2/8!8++8!$%&2/#+67=%(!68&+7!$(%68"#=%!
%+! */=8/+! =8$*7(7&=%:+8! 7! +8/! -7L%(0! $7(8$8! 2/8!
8(!+8/!8&6/+#7+(%!8*8+!%!6(7&+-%((7(7(!8(!+8/!
#8++#7+'!
@+! 7/6%(8+! +7$(%+0! 8! %! $(,$(#%! 5%++%! 18&+%(!
78+/+0! $%($7(7(! -(82Z8&68(8&68! %! (8#&%! =%!
#8++#7+!8!7!868(&7!.876#6/=8!7!=#7+!=8!8+$%&+7#+0!
7! -8+6#&+3! $%(6(! %+! 67*(/=#+67+! 7./+7(7(!
8+6(7&+7(8&68!=8++7+!$7('.%*7+3!+8"/&=%!8*8+0!%!
#8++#7+! =7('! 7! +8/! $%L%0! (8/&#=%! &7! 68((7! =8!
!7&7?0! /(7! (8-8#>?%! $/*%! L#&+%! +8('! %! (8+(%!
-8#6%! $%(! <=?%! &%! =7(7J+%! 68((8+6(80! 8! 2/8! +8!
$%&+8(L7! 8(! L7+67+! 7=8"7+0! "/7(=7=7+! $8*%+!
7&*%+!&%!$8&6(%!=7!68((7'!

359
18(L#(:+8:'!=8!#&J$#%!%!-7(%+%!$8#Q8!$+7(7=%!
%! "(7&=8! E8L#76?0! 2/8! 8&"%*8! =8! /(! +,! 6(7"%! /(!
$8#Q8! (7#%(! =%! 2/8! 8*80! %! 2/7*! &?%! =8#Q7! =8! 68(!
6(8G8&67+! *6"/7+! =8! $%($(#(8&6%3! 6%=7! 7! (7>7!
=7+! '"/7+! 8+6'! 7$%#7=7! +%.(8! E8L#76?'! "8/+0! 7!
$(#&$J$#%0! $(#%/! /(! (7$+%! 8! /(7! -K(873! (7+!
68(8&=%! 2/8! 8*8+! (8L%*L8++8(! 7! 68((7! 8!
8&$+8++8(!%!/&#L8(+%!=8!+8/+!+8(8*+7&68+0!"8/+!
(76%/! 7! -K(870! +7*"7&=%:7! $7(7! %! -8+6#(! =%!
#8++#7+'!
@+! (7.#&%+! 7$(8+$8&67(! 2/8! +8! (767('! $7(7!
8++8!-8+6#(!%!6%/(%!=8!%88(%680!2/8!6!6?%!"(7&=8!
2/8!$%(8!=#7(#7(8&68!%!-8&%!=8!(#*!(%&67&+7+3!7!
-K(87! =8++8! 6%/(%! -%#! (%(67! &%! $(#&$J$#%! =%!
(/&=%0!$7(7!2/8!/(7!8+$6$#8!6?%!$(%=#"#%+7!&?%!
+8! (/*6#$*#$7++80! %! 2/8! 7$8&7+! $%=8(#7! +8(!
$(8*/=#$#7*!V+!%/6(7+!$(#76/(7+3!7++8"/(7(!$%(6(!
2/8! %! <68(&%! &?%! 7! +7*"%/0! $%#+! 7! L7$7! +7*"7=7!
&?%! 6! 6?%! .%7! $%(%! %! E8L#76?'! @+! */=8/+!
7$(8+$8&67(7(! 7#&=7! 67&67! -6! 7! 6%=7+! 8++7+!
-7&67+#7+!(7.J&#$7+!2/8!6!-(82Z8&68!*/(7(8(!+%.(8!
7!$7(68!=%!.%#!=8!%88(%68!2/8!*+8+!$7.8'!
"8$%#+!=8!#=6#7+!6?%!"(%++8#(7+!+%.(8!7!L#&=7!
=%!#8++#7+!8!+%.(8!%!+8/!(8#&%0!+8('!$7(7!7=(#(7(!
2/8! %+! */=8/+0! 67&6%! 7&6#"%+! $%(%! (%=8(&%+0! 8!
L'(#%+! (8+(%! =%+! $(#(8#(%+! $(#+6?%+0!
=8+"(7>7=7(8&68! #(./J=%+! =8! 6%=7+! 8++7+!
*%/$/(7+0!&?%!68&+7(!$%=#=%!8*8L7(:+8!V!#=6#7!=7!
&76/(8G7! =#L#&7! =%! /&"#=%! =%! 18&+%(0! &8(!

360
76(#./J(7(! 7+! 2/7*#=7=8+! =8! "8/+! 7%! #8++#7+U!
58=8!$%(%!%+!*/=8/+!+8!8Q$(#(8(!*'!=7+!7*6/(7+!
8(! +/7! %.(7! #&6#6/*7=7! 7/78#! E/+#67&#!
Y/78+6#%&8+! 7=! !+(#+6#7&%+'! , 8$%&+8$8(4! A!
=#G8(! A! ,/(! +%(8(:"8/+! 6! -%(*7(! /(! (%&+6(%0!
/(! $8&67/(%0! %! $%($%+6%! 8+6(7&+%! =8! =/7+!
&76/(8G7+! 2/8! &?%! +8! $%=8(#7(! 7*#7(4'!
<$(8+$8&67(! 2/8! %+! $(%-867+! &?%! 8&+#&7(! 7.+%:
*/67(8&68! 2/8! %! #8++#7+! =8L8! +8(! +%(8(:"8/+0!
2/8! -7G8(! =#+6#&>M8+! 8Q$(8++7+! 8&6(8! "8/+! 8!
"7L#0! 2/8! $%&+#=8(7(! %! $(#(8#(%0! +8&+%(0! %!
+8"/&=%0!+8(L#=%(0!86$'!
17.8:+8! (/#6%! .8(! 2/8! %+! */=8/+0! 8+$(7L%+!
=7! *86(70! *7(7#+! $8&86(7(7(! $%(%! &,+! %! +8&6#=%!
=7+!<+$(#6/(7+'!
Y/7&=%!%!17*L7=%(!7$7(8$8/0!%+!$(8$%&$8#6%+!
*/=8/+! +8! 8("/8(7(! $%&6(7! 8*8'! @! $(,$(#%! 78+/+!
!(#+6%0! $7(7! &?%! (8L%*67(! +8/+! 8+$J(#6%+! $8"%+0!
$7(8$8!8Q6(8(7(8&68!(8+8(L7=%!+%.(8!%!7(6#"%!=8!
+/7!=#L#&=7=8T!,<*8!2/8(#74!A!=#G!1?%!!(#+,+6%(%!
A! ,7$%+6/(7(! #&+8&+#L8*(8&68! +8/+! 7/=#6%(8+! 7!
$(8(!&/(!(#+66(#%!"(7&=8(8&68!8*8L7=%!7$#(7!=7!
(7G?%4'! 18! 6%(7! 7! 7/6%(#=7=8! =8! /(! "8/+!
$8(=%7&=%!%+!$8$7=%+0!#+6%!(8L%*67!6%=%+!%+!2/8!%!
68+68(/&+7(3! +8/+! (#*7"(8+! (7#+! 8L#=8&68+! &?%!
$%=8(! $%&L8&$8(! =8! +/7! =#L#&=7=8! 72/8*8+!
(8+(%+! 8(! -7L%(! =%+! 2/7#+! %$8(7'! Y/7&=%!
$8(7&68! %! 6(#./&7*! =%! +%.8(7&%! +7$(#-#$7=%(! 8*8!
7=(#68! $%(! (%=6+6#7! +8(! -#*+%! =8! "8/+0! %! +/(%!

361
+7$8(=%68! (7+"7:*+8! 7! (%/$70! (%($8&=%! 8(!
.*7+-K(#7+'!<&68+!=%!8&L#7=%!=%!<+$J(#6%!17&6%!%+!
7$,+6%*%+!&8(!+82/8(!+/+$8#67L7(!7!=#L#&=7=8!=8!
+8/! (8+6(83! 8*8! %+! #&68((%"7! +%.(8! %! 2/8! $8&+7! %!
$%L%! 7! +8/! (8+$8#6%T! (8+$%&=8(:*+8! 2/8! /&+! %!
6%(7(! $%(! <*#7+0! %/6(%+! $%(! 78(8(#7+! %/!
2/7*2/8(!%/6(%!$(%-867'!1?%!=8=(%!$(8$#+7!=8!/(7!
(8L8*7>?%!$7(6#$/*7(!$7(7!$%&+8$8(!2/8!78+/+!6!%!
!(#+6%0!%!-#*+%!=8!"8/+!L#L8&68'!
@+! */=8/+0! (8L%*67=%+! $%&6(7! 7! =#L#&=7=8! =8!
78+/+! !(#+6%0! (8$%((8(7(! 7! 6%=7! +%(68! =8! (8#%+!
$7(7! =8+6(/#(! 8++8! "(7&=8! (#+66(#%3! =86/($7(! %!
+8&6#=%! =%+! +8/+! $(,$(#%+! %('$/*%+0! %/! &?%! %+!
7$*#$7(! 7%! #8++#7+3! $(868&=8(! 2/8! %! &%(8! =8!
"8/+0! <*,#0! &?%! 6! $7(6#$/*7(! V! =#L#&=7=80! +8&=%!
766! $%&$8=#=%! $8*%+! 7/6%(8+! +7"(7=%+! 7%+! */#G8+0!
7%+! (7"#+6(7=%+0! 8(! "8(7*! 7%+! 8*8L7=%+! 8(!
7/6%(#=7=83! $#67(0! $%(! 8-8#6%0! "(7&=8! &\(8(%! =8!
$7++%+!=7+!17&67+!<+$(#6/(7+!2/8!*/+6#-#$7(!8+67!
%.+8(L7>?%0! (7+! 2/8! &?%! $%&$8=8(! 7! (J&#(7!
768&>?%! 7%+! 68((%+! 8Q$(8++%+! =%+! 7&6#"%+!
%('$/*%+!2/8!-7*7(!=%!#8++#7+'!
<&-#(0!$(868&=8(!2/8!+8!%!17*L7=%(0!8!=8$%#+!
=8*8! %+! 8L7&"8*#+67+0! %+! 7$,+6%*%+! 8! %+! $(#(8#(%+!
$(#+6?%+! $+7(7(! 78+/+! %! -#*+%! =8! "8/+0! 8++8!
68((%! 7/"/+6%! &?%! +#"&#-#$7L7! &%+! 68($%+!
8L7&"6*#$%+! +8&?%! %! %$%+6%! =%+! -#*+%+! =8! %8*#7*0!
#+6%! 60! +%(8(! =8! .8(0! +8(L#=%(! =8! "8/+0! 8(!

362
%$%+#>?%! 7! /(! (7*L7=%0! /(! +%(8(! 2/8! &?%!
68(8!7!"8/+'!
18! %+! */=8/+! $%&68+67(7(! 7! 78+/+! !(#+6%! 7!
2/7*#=7=8! =8! #8++#7+! 8! +/7! =#L#&=7=80! &7=7!
8+2/8$8(7(!$7(7!6%(&':*%!=8+$(8GJL8*0!$7(7!76#(7(!
+%.(8! %! +8/! &7+$#(8&6%0! +/7! L#=7! 8! +/7! (%(680!
6%=%! %! (#=J$/*%! 8! 6%=%! %! %$(,.(#%! #(7"#&7=%! $8*7!
+/7!%.+6#&7>?%!$(#(#&%+7'!
"8! 6%=7+! 7+! %.(7+! $(%=/G#=7+! $8*7! $8"/8#(7!
=%+! */=8/+0! &7=7! +'! =8! (7#+! %=#%+%! 8!
8Q6(7L7"7&68! =%! 2/8! %! 7&6#"%! *#L(%! #&6#6/*7=%T!
18$+8(! -%*=%+! 78+$+/60! 8Q6(7J=%! =7! $%8#(7! =%+!
7(2/#L%+! $8*%! +('! W7"8&+8#*0! &%! +8"/&=%! 6%(%!=8!
+/7!%.(7!#&6#6/*7=7T!-8*7!#"&870!86$'!
[!&8++8!18$+8(!-%*=%+!78+$+/6!2/8!+8!*K!/(7!
+#+6,(#7! (%&+6(/%+7! =7! L#=7! =%! &%++%! 17*L7=%(0!
-%(*7=7!$%(!6%=7!$7#Q?%!8!('!-6!$%++JL8#+'!<++#(0!
$%(!8Q8($*%0!%/+7(7(!8+$(8L8(!2/8!/(!67*!=7&68(!
%/! =7&=8(70! +7.#67&68! =8! %86*K(0! +8! 7$7#Q%&7(7!
$%(! /(7! (/*+8(! $7+7=7! $%(! 7%$7&?'! -8L8! =8++8!
$%(6($#%!#($/(%!/(!-#*+%!2/8!-%#!$+7(7=%!78+/'!
%/!78+\'!@!$7#!=8++8!(8&#&%!-%#!%.(#"7=%!7!-/"#(0!
(86#(7&=%:+8! $7(7! %7.#*O&#7'! Y/7&6%! 7%! *%L8(!
78+\0! -%#! 8&L#7=%! V! 8+$%*73! (7+0! A! 7$(8+$8&67! %!
7/6%(! A! 68L8! 7! #&+%*K&$#7! =8! *8L7&67(! 7! $7.8>7! 8!
=8! +8! =8+$%.(#(! =#7&68! =%+! +7$(#-#$7=%(8+0! 8(!
*/"7(!=8!+8!7$(8+8&67(!V!+/7!-(8&68!$%(!7!$7.8>7!
.7#Q7! 8! %! (%+6%! $%.8(6%0! $%(%! 8(7! $%+6/(8T!

363
%/+7=#7! 2/8! -%#! L#L7(8&68! $/&#=73! %! 2/8! =8/!
*/"7(!7%!8Q7(8!=8!+8/!&7+$#(8&6%0!2/8!+8!(8L8*%/!
#($/(%!8!8(!.(8L8!%!8Q$O+!V!#"&%(J&#7'!
<++8! =868+6'L8*! *#L(%! 18$+8(! -%*=%+! 78+$+/6!
8(7! $%&+8$#=%! =8+=8! %! +8"/&=%! +6$/*%3! 6! $#67=%!
$%(! !8*+%! $%(! $%&-#7&>7! 8! @(J"8&8+! (8-/67:%! &%!
&%&%!$7$J6/*%'!
<Q#+68! %/6(%! *#L(%! 67(.6(! #&6#6/*7=%! -%*=%+!
78+$+/60! $/.*#$7=%! &%! 7&%! =8! /0:I! $8*%! 1('!
N/*=(#$+0! 2/8! +8"/8! (7#+! =8! $8(6%! %! <L7&"8*+%!
=7!#&-R&$#7!(7+!2/8!$%(8680!7!6%=%!(%(8&6%0!%+!
7&7$(%&#+(%+!8!-7*67+!(7#+!"(%++8#(%+'!)7G!&7+$8(!
8! (%((8(! 78+/+! !(#+6%! &%! (8#&7=%! =8! N8(%=8+0! %!
8(7&=83! $(868&=8! 68(8(! +#=%! =#(#"#=7+! 7! 8++8!
$(J&$#$8!7+!2/8#Q7+!+%.(8!%!7=/*66(#%!=8!=7&68(!8!
=8!#7(#70!(?8!=8!78+/+'!
@!7/6%(0!2/8!6%(7!%!&%(8!=8!7%&76?0!2/8!+8!
=#G!$%&68($%(R&8%!=8!78+/+!!(#+6%!8!(%(7=%(!8(!
78(/+7*6(0! 7=#7&67! 2/8! N8(%=8+! $%&+/*6%/! %+!
+8&7=%(8+! =8! /(7! $#=7=8! =7! 68((7! =8! !8+'(87!
+%.(8!%!$7+%!=8!78+/+!!(#+6%'!5?%!+8"/#(8(%+!/(!
7/6%(!6?%!7.+/(=%!8(!6%=7+!7+!+/7+!$%&6(7=#>M8+'!
5%! 8&67&6%! 6! 7! -7L%(! =8! 6%=7+! 8++7+! $7*\&#7+!
2/8!%+!*/=8/+!+8!8&6(86K(!8(!+8/!,=#%!#($*7$'L8*!
$%&6(7! %+! $(#+6?%+! 8! $%&6(7! %! <L7&"8*+%3! &7=7!
8+2/8$8(7(! 8*8+! $7(7! 7*68(7(! 7! $(%&%*%"#7! =%!
58*+%! -8+67(8&6%! 8! $7(7! 8+$7*+7(! =\L#=7+! 8!

364
=#-#$/*=7=8+! +%.(8! %! 68($%! =7! L#&=7! =%! &%++%!
17*L7=%('!
<+(8=:.8&:!7++/(:7*:<&=7$/+#0! (%/(%! =8!
8(7&7=7!2/8!L#L8/!&%+!-#&+!=%!+6$/*%!c5B0!$#67!%!
7&6#"%!(7&/+$(#6%!'(7.8!2/8!-%#!8&$%&6(7=%!*/&6%!
7!+8#+!*R(#&7+!=8!$+/(.%0!"(7L7=%!8(!$7(7$68(8+!
'(7.8+0!&/(7!"(/67!$8(6%!=8!8(7&7=7'!"'!=8=(%!;!
Y/#&%&8+0! 7($8.#+$%! =8! 8(7&7=70! $(8+6%/! 8*8!
$(,$(#%! 68+68(/&+%'! <++7+! *R(#&7+! =8! $+/(.%!
2/8! $+7(7(%+! =8! 8(7&7=7! -%(7(! =8$%#+!
6(7&+*7=7=7+! $7(7! %(70! %&=80! 7$,+! /(! 8Q7(8!
=8! L'(#%+! 7&%+0! -%(7(! -#&7*(8&68! $%&=8&7=7+!
$%(%! 7$,$(#-7+0! +%.! %! $%&6#-#$7=%! =8! <*8Q7&=(8!
5BB3! &?%! $%&6#&+7(! +8&?%! +#+6,(#7+! -7./*%+7+!
$%&$8(&8&68+!V!L#=7!=8!#7&'!8!+8/!-#*+%'!
@!&%(8!=8!#8++#7+0!7$%($7&+7=%!=%!8$J686%!
-7*+%0! 7#&=7! +8! ='! 7! 8++8+! #($%+6%(8+! 2/80! 8(!
6$%$7+! =#L8(+7+0! $(%$/(7(7(! (#+6#-#$7(! 7! &7>?%!
*/=7#$7'! N%/L8! =8++8+! -7*+%+! #8++#7+! 7&68+!
(8+(%!=7!L#&=7!=%!L8(=7=8#(%!/&"#=%!=8!"8/+'!@!
+'.#%! 87(7*#8*! -7*7.I93! =8! /(! $8(6%! -8%=7+! $/*7!
+#+6,(#7!+8!*K!&7+!<&6#"Z#=7=8+!7/=7#$7+!=8!7%+63!
*#L(%! 9:0! $7$J6/*%!9'!77$67L7:+8!=8!+7L8(!$7++7=%!
%!7%(=?%!7!$6!+8$%3!$%&+8"/#/!"(7&=8!&\(8(%!=8!
7=8$6%+! 2/8! %! +8"/#7(3! (7+! %+! (%(7&%+0! $7#&=%!
+%.(8! +/7! 6(%$70! =#G#(7(7(:&70! $%(67(7(! 7!
$7.8>7! =%! =8+"(7>7=%! $+8-8! 8! 7! 8Q$/+8(7(! 8(!
78(/+7*6('!

365
87(7*#8*! -7*7! 67(.6(! =8! 7/=7+0! %! 87*#*8/0!
2/8!6!+8(!=\L#=7!%!(8+(%!(8&$#%&7=%!$%(!7%+60!
&%! $7$J6/*%! /9! =%! +8"/&=%! *#L(%! =7! 8/8((7! =7+!
7/=8/+'! "#G! 2/8! 8++8! -7*+%!$(%-867!(8/&#(7!2/7+8!
6(#&67! (#*! 7=8$6%+3! $%(6(! 7! +#$6(.%*8! 6! %!
$7(7$68(J+6#$%!=%!+#+6%(#7=%(!*/=8/'!
"8+=8!%+!68($%+!=%+!7$,+6%*%+!L#/:+8!1#(?%0!
$%"&%(#&7=%! %! #'"#$%.IH30! +8=/G#(! %+! +7.#67&68+!
=8! 17(7(#7! 7! $%&6%! =8! %! $%&+#=8(7(8(! $%(%! 7!
L#(6/=8!=8!"8/+'!
5%!+6$/*%!+8"/#&680!&%!7&%!/0;!8!/09!=7!8(7!
$(#+6?0!+%.!%!#($6(#%!=8!<=(#7&%0!7$7(8$8/!%!-7*+%!
#8++#7+! %7($%! Y/8.70! V! 68+67! =8! /(! 8Q6($#6%'! @!
#($8(7=%(! 8&L#%/! $%&6(7! 8*8! 7\*#%! 18L8(%0! 2/8!
=8$%#+!=8!L'(#%+!8&$%&6(%+!8&$8((%/!%+!(8L%*6%+%+!
&7! $#=7=8! =8! %#68(3! (7&68L8! /(! 7++8=#%!
%.+6#&7=%!8!-%#!L#%*8&6J++#(%!8(!+/7+!(8$(8+'*#7+3!
%7($%! Y/8.7! -%#! $(8+%! 8! $%&=8&7=%! V! (%(68'!
<=(#7&%! */*"%/! &?%! $%=8(! $(8L8&#(! 7+! (8L%*67+!
$%&6J&/7+! =%+! */=8/+0! +8&?%! $(%#.#&=%:%+! $%(!
6=#6%! =8! #(8(! 7! 78(/+7*6(3! 8+67.8*8$8/0! (8+(%0!
$%+6%+!=8!L#"#*R&$#7!&7+!$%(67+!=8++7!$#=7=80!$7(7!
$(%#.#(!7!8&6(7=7!7%!(8+6%!=%!$%L%!=8!B+(78*'!
E8(%+! 8(! 1,$(768+0! +#+6%(#7=%(!
8$*8+#'+6#$%.I230! 2/8! &%! 7&%! 2H2! 7$7(8$8/! &7! #*+7!
=8! !R&=#7! /(! -7*+%! #8++#7+! $+7(7=%! #%#+6+'!
"#G#7:+8! %! 7&6#"%! *#.8(67=%(! =%+! +8.(8/+0!
(8++/+$#67=%!$7(7!%+!*#.8(67(!=8!&%L%'!

366
C(! +6$/*%! =8$%#+0! 8(! IH:0! +%/L8! &7!
=7*8+6#&7! /(! -7*+%! #8++#7+! $+7(7=%! 7/*#?%3!
7&/&$#%/:+8! $%(%! /(! "(7&=8! $%&2/#+67=%(! 2/80!
V! -(8&68! =8! +/7! &7>?%0! =8+6(/#(#7! $8*7+! 7((7+!
6%=%! %! $%L%! $(#+6?%3! +8=/G#=%+! $%(! +/7+!
$(%(8++7+0! %+! */=8/+0! 7((7=%+0! (7++7$(7(7(!
(/#6%+! $(#+6?%+'! @! #($8(7=%(! 7/+6#&#7&%! 8&L#%/!
6(%$7+! $%&6(7! 8*8'! -(7L%/:+8! .767*+7! $%&6(7! %!
-7*+%! !(#+6%T! -%#! $(8+%! 8! $%&=8&7=%! 7%! +/$*J$#%!
8Q6(8(%'!
5%! $(#&$J$#%! =%! +6$/*%! 5BBB! 18(8&%0! */=8/!
8+$7&+%*0! 7$(8+8&6%/:+8! $%(%! #8++#7+0! $(8"%/0!
68L8!=#+$J$/*%+!8!(%((8/!$%(%!8*8+!&7!(#+6(#7'!
5'(#%+!-7*+%+!#8++#7+!+/("#(7(!&%!+6$/*%!cBB'!
<$7(8$8/!/(!&7!)(7&>70!+%.!%!(8#&7=%!=8!E/J+0!%!
7%L8(3! -%#! 8&-%($7=%0! 8*8! 8! +8/+! $%((8*#"#%&'(#%+0!
+8(! 2/8! *7(7#+! +8! $%&+8$8++8(! %+! &%(8+! &8(!
=%!(8+6(8!&8(!=%+!=#+$J$/*%+'!
@! +6$/*%! cBBB! -%#! -8(6#*J++#(%! =8! -7*+%+!
#8++#7+3! $%&67(:+8! +868! %/! %#6%0! 7$7(8$#=%+! &7!
<('.#70!&7!=6(+#70!&7!<+$7&+7!8!&7!#%('L#7'!C(!
=8*8+0! 2/8! +8! -7G#7! $+7(7(! "7L#=! 8*! 80! $7++%/!
$%(!68(!+#=%!/(!"(7&=8!('(6#(0!+8=/G#/!%+!*/=8/+0!
L8&=%:+8!V!68+67!=8!/(!$7(6#=%!$%&+#=8('L8*3!(7+!
8++8!#8++#7+!-%#!7++7++#&7=%'!
77$2/8+! `#8"*8(&80! =7! #%('L#70! 2/8! L#L8/! 8(!
(87=%+! =%! +6$/*%! c5B0! 7&/&$#%/! 7! $(,Q#(7!
(7&#-8+67>?%! =%! #8++#7+0! &7+$#=%0! +8"/&=%!

367
7-#((7L70! +7L#7! $76%(G8! 7&%+'! <*8! %! 6#&+7! L#+6%0!
=#G#70! 8(! <+6(7+./("%0! 8! "/7(=7L7! $%(! $/#=7=%!
/(7! 8+$7=7! 8! /(! $86(%! $7(7! *+%+! 8&6(8"7(!
2/7&=%!8*8!8+6#L8++8!8(!#=7=8!=8!8&+#&7('!
5%! 7&%! =8! /192! %/6(%! `#8"*8(&8! $%&-#((%/! 7!
$(8=#>?%!=%!$(#(8#(%'!
<(! /111! 17.76K! 18LJ0! &7+$#=%! 8(! <*8$%0! +8!
7$(8+8&6%/! $%(%! %! #8++#7+! $(8=#6%! $8*%+!
`#8"*8(&8'! =(#&$#$#%/! $%(! $(8"7(! &7+! 8+6(7=7+!
(87#+! 8! &%! (8#%! =%+! $7($%+3! %+! 6/($%+! (#(7(:+8!
=8*80! 7$8+7(! =7! "(7&=8! 7=(#(7>?%! =%+! +8/+!
=#+$J$/*%+'! =7(8$8! 2/8! &?%! 7"(7=%/! V! (7#%(#7! =7!
&7>?%! +8.(7#$70! $%#+! %+! $+8-8+! =7! +#&7"%"7! =8!
1(#(&7! *7L(7(7(! $%&6(7! 8*8! /(7! +8&68&>7! =8!
(%(683!(7+!*#L(%/:+8!=7!$8&70!+%-(8&=%!+%(8&68!%!
(8=%!8!%!8QJ*#%!!
!%&6(76%/!6(K+!$7+7(8&6%+!2/8!&?%!$+8"%/!7!
(87*#G7(0! +8"/&=%! +8! =#G'! <++%$#%/:+8! 7! /(! $8(6%!
576?! E8LJT! 8+68! -8G! %! $7$8*! =%! $(%-867! <*#7+0! 2/8!
=8L#7! $(8$8=8(! %! #8++#7+'! "#(#"#(7(:+8! 7!
78(/+7*6(! 8! 576?! 7&/&$#%/! 17.76K! 18LJ! $%(%! %!
*#.8(67=%(! =7+! &7>M8+'! <! $%$/*7>?%! */=7#$7!
=8$*7(%/:+8! 7! +8/! -7L%(3! (7+! %+! 2/8! 6#&+7(!
7*"/(7!$%#+7!7!$8(=8(!%!7&768(76#G7(7('!
18LJ0! $7(7! -/"#(! V! .%((7+$70! (86#(%/:+8! $7(7!
!%&+67&6#&%$*70! 8! =8! *'! $7(7! 1(#(&7'! 576?! E8LJ!
8&L#%/:*+8! 2/76(%! 8(.7#Q7=%(8+! 2/8! %!
(8$%&+8$8(7(! 8! +7/=7(7(! $/.*#$7(8&68! &7!

368
2/7*#=7=8! =8! #8++#7+3! 8++7! 8(.7#Q7=7! 68L8! $8(67!
#&-*/K&$#7!&%!$%L%!8!(8+(%!8(!7*"/&+!=%/6%(8+0!
2/8! =8$*7(7(7(! 17.76! 18LJ! #8++#7+! 8! (8#! =%+!
+8.(8/+'! #7+! 7! +#&7"%"7! =8! 1(#(&7! $%&=8&%/!
+8/!(8#!7!+8(!8($7*7=%'!
17.76K! $O+:+8! +%.! 7! $(%68>?%! =%! $7=#! =8!
1(#(&70!8!68L8!8(!.(8L8!7%!+8/!-7L%(!6%=%!%!$%L%!
*/=8/'!)8G!8("/8(!=%#+!6(%&%+0!/(!$7(7!8*8!8!%/6(%!
$7(7! +/7! 8+$%+7! -7L%(#673! 6%(%/! %! &%(8! =8! (8#!
=%+!(8#+!8!=8/!7!7%+6!18LJ0!+8/!#((?%0!%!=8!(8#!=8!
7/=''!=(%(868/!7%+!*/=8/+!7++8"/(7(!7!$%&2/#+67!
=%!#($6(#%!%6%(7&%'!!+8"%/!(8+(%!V!#&+%*K&$#7!
=8! -7G8(! (#+$7(! =7! *#6/("#7! */=7#$7! %! &%(8! =%!
#($8(7=%(0! +/.+6#6/#&=%:%! $8*%! +8/'! )%#! (8(86#=%!
V! $(#+?%! =%+! "7(=7&8*%+'! @+! */=8/+! 6%(&7(7(!
$\.*#$%!2/8T!+,!+8!$%/$7(7!7!+/7!L#=7!$%(!2/8!%+!
6/($%+! +7.#7(! (/#6%! .8(! 2/8! 8*8! 8(7! #(%(67*'! @!
"%L8(&7=%(!=%+!"7(=7&8*%+!8&(#2/8$8/:+8!V!$/+67!
=%+! $(8+8&68+! 2/8! %+! +8.(8/+! *+8! $(%=#"7*#G7(7(!
$7(7! L#+#67(! %! +8/! (8#0! %! +8/! #8++#7+0! $(#+#%&8#(%!
2/80! 8&6(8! "(7=8+0! $%&+8(L7L7! 6%=7! 7! +/7!
=#"&#=7=80!=8#Q7&=%!2/8!*+8!.8#*7++8(!%+!$6+'!
<&6(867&6%!%!+/*6?%0!2/8!6#&+7!7!+/7!$%(68!8(!
<&=(#&%$*70! (8+%*L8/! 7$7.7(! $%(! 8++7! $%(6=#73!
(7&=%/!$+7(7(!18LJ!8!=#++8:*+8!2/8!+8!8*8!-%++8!
#8++#7+!=8L8(#7!+8(!#&L/*&8('L8*3!18LJ!$%&$%(=%/'!
@! "(?%! +8&+%(! (7&=%/! 2/8! %! $%*%$7++8(! $%(%!
7*L%! =7+! -*8$+7+! =8! +8/+! $7"8&+3! %! #8++#7+!
$%($(88&=8/! *%"%! &7=7! 68(! =8! #&L/*&8('L8*! 8!

369
$(868Q6%/!2/8!"8/+!7$8&7+!%!8&L#7(7!$7(7!(8&=8(!
68+68(/&+%! V! +7&67! (8*#"#?%! (/>/*(7&7'!
)/+6#"7=%! $8*%+! (#&#+6(%+! =7! *8#0! 6%(&%/:+8!
(7-%(#+67! 8! (%((8/! =8+$(8G7=%! #"/7*(8&68! $%(!
*/=8/+! 8! (/>/*(7&%+T! %! 2/8! =8+7$(8=#6%/! =8! 67*!
-%((7! 7! $(%-#++?%! =8! -7*+%! #8++#7+! 2/8! 18LJ! -%#! %!
\*6#(%!=8*8+'.II3'!

370
9&129(*+(-&<'9&1&93-$%(-&'

5?%! 6! (/#6%! &76/(7*! 2/8! 6%=7+! 7+!


(867(%(-%+8+!=8!2/8!7!68((7!8+6'!(8$*867!68&+7(!
-8#6%! #(7"#&7(0! &%! @(#8&680! %&=8! 6/=%! -%#!
#(7"#&7=%0! 2/8! &%++7+! 7*(7+! $7++7(! =8! /(!
$%($%! 7! %/6(%U! C(! $%&6%! 2/7+8! #($8($8$6JL8*!
6%(&7:+8!/(!L8((80!8++8!L8((8!+8!6(7&+-%((7!8(!
.%(.%*8673!/(7!.%*%67!+8!6(7&+-%((7!&/(!6(%&$%0!
/(! %L%! &/(! $'++7(%3! 7! '"/7! 6%(&7:+8! &/L8(! 8!
6(%L?%3! 7! (7=8#(7! 6(%$7:+8! 8(! -%"%! 8! $#&G73! 6/=%!
8&-#(0! &7! &76/(8G70! $7(8$8! (867(%(-%+8'! 5?%!
67(=7(%+! 8(! 76(#./#(! V+! 7*(7+0! 2/8! %*+7(%+!
$%(%! 6K&/8+! -#"/(7+0! %! 2/8! L8(%+! +8&+#L8*(8&68!
&%+! $%($%+! (7#+! "(%++8#(%+'! <! #=6#7! =7!
(868($+#$%+8! 6! 67*L8G! %! (7#+! 7&6#"%! =%"(7! =%!
/&#L8(+%! $%&+8$#=%0! 8! (8#&7! 7#&=7! 8(! "(7&=8!
$7(68!=7!P&=#7!8!=7!!+#&7'!
[! 7#&=7! .7+67&68! &76/(7*! 2/8! 6%=7+! 7+!
(867(%(-%+8+! =8! 2/8! +%(%+! 68+68(/&+7+! +7*7(!
$(%=/G#=%! 8++7+! 7&6#"7+! -'./*7+! 2/8! @LJ=#%!
(8$%*+8/! 8(! +/7! %.(7! 7=(#('L8*'! @+! $(,$(#%+!
*/=8/+! 6#L8(7(! 67(.6(! +/7+! (867(%(-%+8+'! 18!
5J%.8! -%#! 6(7&+-%((7=7! 8(! ('((%(80! <=#680!
(/*+8(! =8! E,0! -%#! 6(7&+(/67=7! &/(7! 8+6'6/7! =8!
+7*'!18!</(J=#$8!-#$%/!&%+!#&-8(&%+!$%(!68(!%*+7=%!
$7(7! 6('+0! 6! 67(.6(! $8*7! (8+(7! #&=#+$(#>?%!2/8!
8++7! (/*+8(! =8! E,! -%#! $(#L7=7! =7! &76/(8G7!
+/(7&7'!@!./("%!+7.#67=%!$%(!%7/$#+!8!)#*K(%&0!

371
&7! )(#"#70! 6(7&+-%((%/:+8! 8(! /(! *7"%3! 7! (8+(7!
$%#+7! +/$8=8/! 7! 1%=%(7'! <+! -#*+7+! =8! <&*%!
6(7&+-%((7L7(! 7! '"/7! 8(! ,*8%3! 68(%+! &7+!
<+$(#6/(7+! /(7! (867(%(-%+8! (7#+! %/! (8&%+!
$7(8$#=70!$%(6(!(7#+!L8(=7=8#(7!8!(7#+!+7"(7=7'!
!7=(%!-%#!6(7&+-%((7=%!8(!+8($8&683!7!L#("8(!=8!
<7(?%!6%(&%/:+8!+8($8&68!67(.6('!
@+! =8/+8+! 67(.6(! (/=7(:+8! (/#67+! L8G8+!
8(! +%(8&+3! %+! */=8/+! *7(7#+! L#(7(! 7&*%+! +8&?%!
+%.! 7! -%((7! +/(7&7T! %+! 7&*%+! $%(8(7(! &7! $7+7!
=8!<.(7?%'!=7/*%0!8(!+/7!<$J+6%*7!7%+!!%(J&6#%+0!
=#G!2/8!%!7&*%!=8!176?!*+8!=8/!.%-867=7+T!<&"8*%+!
1767&7!(8!$%*7$+#+8#'!

372
9$,27*&-'

18"/&=%! 7! 8&8("#7! =%! 68((%0! /(! (#*7"(8! 6!


/(7!$%#+7!7=(#('L8*'!58++8!$7+%0!6/=%!6!(#*7"(8'!
<!%(=8(!$(%=#"#%+7!=7!&76/(8G70!7!(%67>?%!=8!$8(!
(#*+M8+!=8!"*%.%+!7%!(8=%(!=8!/(!(#*+?%!=8!+,#+0!
7!76#L#=7=8!=7!*/G0!7!L#=7!=%+!7&#(7#+0!$%&+6#6/8(!
$8($66/%+!(#*7"(8+'!
18"/&=%!7+!#=6#7+!7$8#67+0!$+7(7(%+!(#*7"(8!
V! L#%*7>?%! =8++7+! *8#+! =#L#&7+! 8! 868(&7+'! <++#(0!
2/7&=%! +%/L8(! /(! 8$*#$+8! =%! 1%*! =/(7&68! 7! E/7!
$+8#70!2/7&=%!/(!(%(6%!-#G8(!7!$6!=/7+!*6"/7+!=8!
$7(#&+%!*8L7&=%!7!$7.8>7!=8!.7#Q%!=%!.(7>%0!#+6%!
2/8(!=#G8(!2/8!+/$8=8/!/(!(#*7"(8'!
5'(#%+! -J+#$%+! 7-#((7(! 2/80! &8++8! +8&6#=%0!
&?%! 8Q#+68! (#*7"(8! 7*"/(0! 8! 8#+! 72/#! +8/+!
7("/(8&6%+'!
C(!(#*7"(8!6!7!L#%*7>?%!=7+!*8#+!(768('6#$7+0!
=#L#&7+0! #(/6'L8#+0! 868(&7+'! #8=#7&68! 8++7! \&#$7!
8Q$%+#>?%0! /(! (#*7"(8! 6! /(7! $%&6(7=#>?%! &%+!
68((%+'! C(7! *8#! &?%! $%=8! +8(! (/6'L8*! 7! L#%*7=7'!
#7+! /(7! *8#0! =#G:+8:*+8+0! +8&=%! 8+67.8*8$#=7! $%(!
"8/+! (8+(%0! &?%! $%=8('! +8(! +/+$8&+7! $8*%! +8/!
7/6%(U!-K(!7!%/+7=#7!=8!(8+$%&=8(!2/8!&?%!8!2/8!
6! #($%++JL8*! 2/8! %! 18(! #&-#&#67(8&68! +'.#%! 68&+7!
8+67.8*8$#=%! *8#+! $7(7! 7+! L#%*7('! C(! +%(8(0!
=#G8(! 8*8+0! &?%! =8+(%&67! +/7! ('2/#&7! +8&?%!
$7(7!-7GK:*7!(8*+%(3!%(70!6!$*7(%!2/80!+8&=%!"8/+0!
373
8*8! -8G! 8++7! #(8&+7! ('2/#&7! %! (8*+%(! 2/8! $%=8T!
+8!L#/!2/8!+7L8(#7!7*"/(7!#($8(-8#>?%0!(8+/*67&68!
=7! &76/(8G7! =7! (766(#70! 8*8! 7! $(8L8&#/! =8+=8! %!
$%(8>%3!7++#(!*7(7#+!+'!=8!(/=7(!&7=7'!
"8(7#+0! "8/+! &7=7! $%=8! -7G8(! +8(! (7G?%3!
%(70! 2/8! (7G?%! $%=8(#7! *8L':*%! 7! =8+-#"/(7(! $%(!
7*"/(!68($%!7!+/7!$(,$(#7!%.(7U![!8(!-7L%(!=%+!
+%(8&+0! =#G:+8:*+8+'! 18('0! $%#+0! 7%! (8&%+! 8(!
-7L%(!=8!6%=%+!%+!+%(8&+!(8+$%&=8(!8*8+T!$%#+!6!
#($%++JL8*! $%&$8.8(! 2/8! 7! &76/(8G7! =#L#&7!
6(7.7*+8!$7(7!7*"/&+!+%(8&+!8(!$7(6#$/*7(!8!&?%!
$7(7! 6%=%! %! "K&8(%! +/(7&%3! (8+(%! %! "K&8(%!
+/(7&%!6!$%/$7!$%#+7T!6!(/#6%!(8&%+!=%!2/8!/(!
$82/8&%! -%((#"/8#(%! 8(! $%($7(7>?%! $%(! 6%=%+!
%+!8&68+!2/8!$(88&$+8(!7!#(8&+#=?%'!@(70!&?%!6!
7!(7#+!7.+/(=7!=7+!*%/$/(7+!#(7"#&7(!2/8!%!18(!
B&-#&#6%! #&L8(68++8! 8(! -7L%(! =8! 6(K+! %/! 2/76(%!
$8&68&7+! =8! -%((#"7+! &8++8! $82/8&%! $8=7>%! =8!
*%=%0! %! (%L#(8&6%! 868(&%! =8++7+! (%*7+! #(8&+7+!
2/8!-7G8(!(%L8(!%!#&68#(%!/&#L8(+%U!
#7+! +/$%&+7(%+! 2/8! "8/+! =8+8*%/!
=#+6#&"/#(! /(! $82/8&%! &\(8(%! =8! +%(8&+! $%(!
-7L%(8+! $7(6#$/*7(8+T! +8(#7! $(8$#+%! 2/8! (/=7++8!
6/=%! %! 2/8! 8+67.8*8$8/! $7(7! 6%=%+! %+! 68($%+! 8!
6%=%+! %+! */"7(8+'! <*8! &?%! 68(0! $%(! $8(6%0!
&8$8++#=7=8! 7*"/(7! =8++7! (/=7&>70! =8++7!
#&$%&+6R&$#70!$7(7!-7L%(8$8(!+/7+!$(#76/(7+T!+8/+!
-7L%(8+! 8+6?%! 8&$8((7=%+! 8(! +/7+! $(,$(#7+! *8#+'!
<*8!6/=%!$(8L8&#/0!6/=%!%(=8&%/!$7(7!8*7+3!6%=7+!

374
%.8=8$8(! #((8L%"7L8*(8&68! V! -%($7! 2/8! #($(#(#/!
$7(7!6%=%!%!+8($(8!&7!&76/(8G7'!
=%(!2/8!-7(#7!"8/+!/(!(#*7"(8U!=7(7!(87*#G7(!
/(! $*7&%! 2/7*2/8(! $%&$8(&8&68! 7! 7*"/&+! +8(8+!
L#L%+X! =%(67&6%T!&?%!$/=80!$%(!%+!(8/+!=8$(86%+!
=#L#&%+0! $%(! (#&+7+! *8#+! 868(&7+0! $(88&$+8(! /(!
$8(6%! $*7&%3! L%/! (/=7(! (#&+7+! #=6#7+! 868(&7+0!
(#&+7+!*8#+!#(/6'L8#+0!8!6(767(!=8!8Q8$/67(!%!2/8!
&?%! $%&+8"/#! -7G8(! $%(! 8*7+'! -7*! -76%! +8(#7! /(!
+#&7*! =8! +/7! -(72/8G70! 8! &?%! =8! +/7! $%6K&$#7'!
18(#70! $7(8$80! &8*80! 7! (7#+! #&$%&$8$6JL8*!
$%&6(7=#>?%'! =%(67&6%0! %/+7(! +/$%(! 2/8! "8/+!
(87*#G7! (#*7"(8+! 6! (87*(8&68! #&+/*6':*%! .+8! 6! 2/8!
%+! +%(8&+! $%=8(! #&+/*67(! "8/+33! 6! =#G8(:*+8T!
,1%#+!/(!8&68!-('"#*!8!#&$%&+82Z8&684'!=%(67&6%0!6!
7.+/(=%! $(8(! 8(! (#*7"(8+0! 6! =8+%&(7(! =8! $8(6%!
(%=%!7!"#L#&=7=8'!
B&+#+68:+8! $%(! 8++8+! -#*,+%-%+0! =#G8&=%:*+8+T!
,[! #&\6#*! 8Q7*67(=8+! 7! #(/67.#*#=7=8! =%! <&68!
1/$(8(%0! 7! 868(&#=7=8! =8! +/7+! *8#+0! 7!
(8"/*7(#=7=8! =8! +8/+! (/&=%+! #&-#&#6%+3! &%++%!
$82/8&%!$8=7>%!=8!*%=%!8+6'!(8$*8&%!=8!(#*7"(8+3!
7+! +#+6,(#7+! 8+6?%! 6?%! (8$*867+! =8! $(%=J"#%+! 2/8!
8+68+! +8! 6%(&7(! 7$%&68$#(8&6%+! &76/(7#+'! <+!
-#*+7+! =%! +/(%! +7$8(=%68! <"&%! 6(%$7L7(! 6/=%! %!
2/8! .8(! 8&68&=#7(! 8(! 6(#"%0! 8(! L#&+%! %/! ,*8%3!
<6'*#=70! -#*+7! =8! #8($\(#%0! (8++/+$#6%/! L'(#7+!
L8G8+3! <+$/*'$#%! (8++/+$#6%/! N#$,*#6%3! N6($/*8+!
7((7&$%/! <*$8+68! =%+! .(7>%+! =7! #%(683! [(%+!

375
L%*6%/! 7%! (/&=%! 7$,+! 68(! $7++7=%! 2/#&G8! =#7+!
&%+! #&-8(&%+3! O(/*%! 8! 8(%! &7+$8(7(! =8! /(!
=8/+!8!/(7!L8+67*'!@!=7*'=#%!6%(.%/!=%+!$6/+!&7!
$#=7=8! =8! -(,#73! 7! $7.8>7! =8! @(-8/! $%&$8=#7!
%('$/*%+! =8$%#+! =8! +/7! (%(683! 7+! (/(7*+7+! =8!
-8.7+!+8!$%&+6(/J(7(!$%(!+#!$(,$(#7+!7%!+%(!=7+!
-*7/67+!=%+!"(8"%+3!7+!$/(7+!(87*#G7=7+!&%!68($*%!
=8! <+$/*'$#%! 8(7(! &/(8(%+7+0! 8! 68(%+! 7#&=7!
(%&/(8&6%+! (8$*86%+! =8! &%(8+! =8! 68+68(/&+7+!
%$/*7(8+!=%+!(#*7"(8+!=8!<+$/*'$#%'!
,!#67#:(8! /(! \&#$%! $%L%! &%! 2/7*! &?%! +8!
68&+7(! %$8(7=%! $(%=J"#%+! #&$(JL8#+0!
$(#&$#$7*(8&68! &%+! 68($%+! 8(! 2/8! (7*! +8! +7.#7!
*8(!8!8+$(8L8(4'!
@+! -#*,+%-%+! &?%! (8+$%&=8(! 7! 8++7+! %.*8>M8+!
+8&?%! (#&=%! 8! =7&=%! =8! %(.(%+3! (7+! %+! -#*,+%-%+!
$(#+6?%+! =#G8(T! ,!(8(%+! $8(-8#67(8&68! &%+!
(#*7"(8+! %$8(7=%+! 8(! &%++7! +7&67! (8*#"#?%3!
$(8(%:*%+! (8=#7&68! &%++7! -60! 8! &?%! $8*7! &%++7!
(7G?%0!2/8!&%+!"/7(=7(%+!.8(!=8!%/L#(T!$%(2/80!
2/7&=%! -7*7! 7! -60! +7.8(%+! 2/8! 7! (7G?%! &?%! =8L8!
=#G8(!$7*7L(7'!-8(%+!/(7!$(8&>7!-#((8!8!#&68"(7*!
&%+!(#*7"(8+!=8!78+/+!!(#+6%!8!=%+!7$,+6%*%+0!(7+!
$8((#6#:&%+! =/L#=7(! /(! $%/$%! =8! L'(#%+! %/6(%+3!
$8((#6#0! $%(! 8Q8($*%0! 2/8! +/+$8&=7(%+! &%++%!
*/*"7(8&6%! +%.(8! %! 2/8! $%&$8(&8! 7! /(! +%(8(!
+#($*8+! 7%! 2/7*! +8! =8/! %! &%(8! =8! "(7&=8'! <*8!
7-#((7! 2/8! /(! $82/8&%! (%&"8! 8+67L7! 6?%!
7$%+6/(7=%! 7! (87*#G7(! (#*7"(8+! 2/8! %! $(#%(! *+8!

376
$(%#.#(7! 8Q8($8(! +8/! 67*8&6%'! @! $82/8&%! (%&"8!
%.8=8$8/3!(7+!68&=%!L#+6%!/(!$%.(8!68*+7=%(!$7#(!
=%!7*6%!=8!/(!68*+7=%0!-#$%/!#&=8$#+%!8&6(8!+7*L7(:
*+8!7!L#=7!8!(7&68(!7!+7&67!%.8=#K&$#7'!@(=8&%/!
7$8&7+! 2/8! %! 68*+7=%(! $8((7&8$8++8! +/+$8&+%! 7!
(8#%! $7(#&+%! =%! +%*%0! 766! &%L7! %(=8(0! 8! $%((8/!
=8! $(8++7! 7! $%&67(! 7%! +8/! $(#%(! %! 8+67=%! =7+!
$%#+7+'! @! $(#%(! 7.+%*L8/:%! =%! $8$7=%! 2/8!
$%(868(7! #&#$#7&=%! /(! (#*7"(8! +8(! *#$8&>7! 8!
$8((#6#/! 2/8! %! 68((#&7++80! $%&67&6%! 2/8! &/&$7!
(7#+! %! (8$86#++8'! !%&$8=8:+8! 7%+! -#*,+%-%+!
=8+$%&-#7(!/(!$%/$%!=8++7!+#+6,(#74'!
#7+!$%(%!%/+7(J8#+!&8"7(0!=#G:+8:*+8+0!2/8!1'!
88(L'+#%! 8! 1'! =(%6'+#%! 68&+7(! 7$7(8$#=%! 8(!
+%&+%! 7! 17&6%! <(.(,+#%0! 2/8! *+8! 68&+7(!
8&+#&7=%! %! */"7(! %&=8! 8+67L7(! 8+$%&=#=7+! 7+!
+/7+! (8*J2/#7+0! 2/8! 16%'! <(.(,+#%! 7+! 68&+7!
=8+8&68((7=%! 8! 2/8! 8*7+! $/(7(7(! /(! $8"%U! 16%'!
<"%+6#&+%! 8+67L7! &8++7! 6$%$7! 8(! ##*?%3! 6! 8*8!
2/8(!&%+!$%&67!%!(#*7"(8T!B((8&+%!$%$/*%!68+680!
=#G! 8(! +/7! !#=7=8! =8! "8/+0! *#L(%! 99'! <#+! /(!
(#*7"(8! =%+! (8*+%(! 7L8(#"/7=%+'! @+! -#*,+%-%+!
=#G8(! 2/8! &?%! 7$(8=#67(! 8(! &7=7! =#++%3! 2/8!
88(L'+#%! 8! =(%6'+#%! &?%! 7$7(8$8(7(! 7! $8++%7!
7*"/(73! 2/8! $%/$%! #($%(67! 7%! "K&8(%! +/(7&%!
+7.8(!%&=8!8+6?%!%+!(8+6%+!=8!+/7+!$7($7++7+3!2/8!
&?%! $%&$8=8(! (7#%(! $(6=#6%! 7! 8++8! $8"%! 2/8! 7%!
=8! 58+$7+#7&%3! 2/8! 6! /(! (#*7"(8! #&/6#*J++#(%3!
2/8!"8/+!&7=7!-7G!=8!#&\6#*3!8!+8!(7&6K(!-#((8+!
8(! +8/+! $(#&$J$#%+'! #8/! (8+$8#6%! 7!1'!88(L'+#%!8!

377
1'! =(%6'+#%! &?%! (8! $8((#68! +8(! =%! $8&+7(! =8++8+!
-#*,+%-%+T! 7$8&7+! (8"#+6%! +/7! #&$(8=/*#=7=8'!
)7G8(! "(7&=8! $7+%! =7! $7++7"8(! =8! E/$#7&%! 2/8!
+8! 8&$%&6(7! &7! #%(68! =8! =8(8"(#&%'! ,Y/7&=%! /(!
6(7$7$8#(%! $+8"7! 7! +8! 6(7&+-%((7(! 8(! $(#+6?%0! 6!
$%(2/8! 68(! $8(68G7! =8! -#$7(! (#$%4'! #7+! $%(%!
E/$#7&%! 6! /(! 7/6%(! $(%-7&%0! &?%! =8L8! 68(!
&8&+/(7!7/6%(#=7=8!8&6(8!&,+'!
<++8+! -#*,+%-%+! &?%! $%=8(! +8! (8+%*L8(! 7! $(8(!
&%+! (#*7"(8+! %$8(7=%+! &%! +8"/&=%! +6$/*%'!
=8(=8(! 68($%! 7+! 68+68(/&+7+! %$/*7(8+! 8(!
8+$(8L8(! 2/8! %! .#+$%! =8! 1(#(&70! 1'! =%*#$7($%0!
68&=%! +#=%! $%&=8&7=%! 7! +8(! 2/8#(7=%0! 8! +8&=%!
76#(7=%! V+! $+7(7+0! %/L#(7(! /(7! L%G! =%! $6/!
"(#67(T! ,!%(7"8(0! =%*#$7($%X! 1K! -%(680! (%+6(7! 2/8!
6+!+%(8(X43!2/8!8&6?%!7+!$+7(7+!=7!-%"/8#(7!+8!
+8$7(7(7(! =8! +8/! $%($%0! -%((7&=%! /(! $7L#*+?%!
=8!-%"%!7%!(8=%(!=8!+/7!$7.8>70!8!2/8!=%!(8#%!=7!
-%"/8#(7! +7#/! /(7! $%(.#&+73! 8&-#(0! -%#!
&8$8++'(#%! =8$8$7(! 7! $7.8>7! =8! =%*#$7($%'! ,Y/8!
L7*8!/(!(#*7"(8!=8++8+U4!A!=#G8(!%+!#&$(6=/*%+T!
A! ,$%(! 2/8! (%6#L%! 7+! $+7(7+! $8(=8(7(! +/7!
&76/(8G7! 8! $%(! 2/8! %! (7$+7=%! =%! $7((7+$%! &?%!
$8(=8/! 7! +/7U! !%(%! +8! 8Q$*#$7! 2/8! 6?%! 8*8L7=%!
&\(8(%! =8! ('(6#(8+! 68&+7(! +7J=%! +?%+! 8! +7*L%+!
=%!,*8%!-8(L8&680!8!&?%!$/=8(7(!(8+#+6#(!7%!"/(8!
=%! -7$?%U! 8+$%&=8:+8! 2/8! 6!7!L%&67=8!=8!"8/+'!
#7+! %+! -#*,+%-%+! =8+8*7(#7(! 68(! L#+6%! 6%=7+! 8++7+!
$%#+7+! $%(! %+! +8/+! $(,$(#%+! %*+%+! 7&68+! =8!
7$(8=#67('!

378
@+! 2/8! -%(6#-#$7(! +8/+! (7$#%$J&#%+! $8*7!
$#K&$#7! L%+! (8+$%&=8(?%! 2/8! %+! $7=(8+! =7! #"(8*7!
$8($8.8(7(!L'(#7+!L8G8+!$%(!+#!$(,$(#%+!*'!&?%!+8!
(87*#G7(8(0! %+! (#*7"(8+! =8! +8/+! 68($%+'! 1'!
!(#+,+6%(%! =#G! 8Q$(8++7(8&68T! ,@+! =%&+!
8Q6(7%(=#&'(#%+! =%! 8+$J(#6%! 8(7(! =7=%+! (8+(%!
7%+!#&=#"&%+0!$%(2/8!8&6?%!7!#"(8*7!&8$8++#67L7!=8!
(#*7"(8+3! +%*80! $%(6(0! 8*8+! &?%! +?%! $%&$8=#=%+!
&8(! (8+(%! 7%+! =#"&%+0! $%#+! 7! #"(8*7! *'! &?%! %+!
&8$8++#674'! <(! +8"/#=7! 8*8! $%&$%(=7! 8(! 2/8! &?%!
+'! (7#+! $8++%7+! $7$7G8+! =8! (8++/+$#67(! (%(6%+0!
&8(!(8+(%!2/8!$/(8(!%+!=%8&68+'!
@! $(,$(#%! 16%'! <"%+6#&+%0! 7$8+7(! =%! (#*7"(8!
=8! 88(L'+#%! 8! =8! =(%6'+#%0! =#G! 8(! +/7! !#=7=8! =8!
"8/+T! ,=%(! 2/8! &?%! +8! (8$868(! +%*8! %+! (#*7"(8+!
=8!%/6(%(7U4!<!8*8!(8+(%!8Q$*#$7!7+!(7GM8+T!,!/(0!
#&2/#/&60! &/&$! #**7! (#(7$/*7! 2/78! $(78=#$76#+!
-7$67! 8++8! &%&8! -#/&6U! =%++8(! 2/#=8(0! =#$8(8!
&8$8++7(#7! $(#/+! -/#++8! 2/7(! $(8=8(86! (/&=/+0!
7=!+%$!/6!$(8=8(86!(/&=/+4!
@.*867:+8! 7%+! -#*,+%-%+! 2/8! 16%'! <"%+6#&+%0!
&?%0!%.+67&68!67*!$%&-#++?%0!-7*7!&%!8&67&6%!=8!/(!
L8*+%! (8(8&=?%! N#$O&#%! 2/80! 68&=%! $8(=#=%! +/7!
$7+7$70! -%#! $(8"7(! &7! $7$8*7! =%+! L#&68! ('(6#(8+3!
2/8! 7%! (8"(8++7(! 8&$%&6(%/! /(! $8#Q8! 8(! $/*%!
$%($%'!8+67L7!/(!7&8*!=7!%/(%0!8!2/8!%!$%G#&+8#(%!
2/8!-(#6%/!%!$8#Q8!=#++8!7%!(8(8&=?%T0!,<#+!%!2/8!
%+!L#&68!('(6#(8+!L%+!=?%4!

379
<!#++%!(8+$%&=8(!%+!-#*,+%-%+!2/8!&7=7!8Q#+68!
&8++7!+#+6,(#7!2/8!$%&6(7=#"7!7+!*8#+!=7!&76/(8G70!
2/8!7!-J+#$7!&?%!$+8"7!7!+8(!7.7*7=7!$8*%!-76%!=8!
/(! $8#Q8! 8&$8((7(! /(! 7&8*! =8! %/(%! 8! 2/8! /(!
$%G#&+8#(%!68&+7!=7=%!8++8!7&8*!7!/(!(8(8&=?%3!
2/8!&?%!+'!&#++%!&8&+/(!(#*7"(8'!
18! +8! *8(.(7(! 7! 8++8+! -#*,+%-%+! 2/8! +8"/&=%!
1'!78(O&#(%0!8(!+/7!5#=7!=%!<(8(#67!=7/*%0!8++8!
8(8(#67!68L8!L'(#7+!$%&L8(+7>M8+!$%(!%+!+'6#(%+!8!
-7/&%+0! 2/8! /(! $%(L%! *+8! *8L7L7! 6%=%+! %+! =#7+0!
=/(7&68! 6(#&67! 7&%+0! 7! (867=8! =8! /(! $?%! $7(7! %!
+8/! *7&67(! 8! /(! $?%! #&68#(%! &%! =#7! 8(! 2/8! 16%'!
<&6O&#%!-%#!L#+#6':*%0!8*8+!$%=8(?%!(8+$%&=8(!7#&=7!
2/8! 8++8! "(7&=8! -76%! &?%! +8! $+%$7! $%(! 7! -J+#$70!
2/8!+'6#(%+!7!-7/&%+!$%=8(!68(!8Q#+6#=%!8!2/80!8(!
6%=%! $7+%0! +8! 8++7! +#+6,(#7! 6! /(7! $/8(#*#=7=80!
&7=7!68(!=8!$%(/(!$%(!%+!L8(=7=8#(%+!(#*7"(8+!
=%! 17*L7=%(! 8! +8/+! 7$,+6%*%+'! 5'(#%+! .%&+!
$(#+6?%+! $%(.768(7(! 7! +#+6,(#7! =8! 1'! 1#(?%!
<+6#*#670! 8+$(#67! $%(! -8%=%(86%'! #/#6%+! (#*7"(8+!
2/8!$7++7(!$%(!7/6K&6#$%+!&7!#"(8*7!"(8"7!-%(7(!
$%+6%+! 8(! =\L#=7! $%(! (/#6%+! *76#&%+0! =7! (8+(7!
-%((7! 2/8! L'(#%+! (#*7"(8+! *76#&%+! -%(7(!
=8+7$(8=#67=%+! $8*7! #"(8*7! "(8"73! L#8(7(! 8(!
+8"/#=7! %+! $(%68+67&68+0! 2/8! (7*6(767(7(! %+!
(#*7"(8+!67&6%!=8!/(7!$%(%!=8!%/6(7!#"(8*7'!
C(!+'.#%!*8+/J67.I13!2/8!$(8"%/!=/(7&68!(/#6%!
68($%!&7+!P&=#7+!*7(8&67:+8!=8!2/8!&8(!8*8!&8(!
+8/+!$%&-(7=8+!*7(7#+!$/=8(7(!-7G8(!/(!(#*7"(8'!

380
c7L#8(! *7(8&67:+8! 8(! (/#67+! =8! +/7+! $7(67+! =8!
&?%! $%++/#(! %! =%(! *#&"/J+6#$%3! =#G! 2/8! 8&6(8! %+!
*7$%&8+8+! 8*8! 6! $%(%! /(7! 8+6'6/7! (/=7'!
<&6(867&6%0! %+! *8+/J67+! 8+$(8L8(7(! 2/8! 8*8!
(8++/+$#6%/! %#6%! (%(6%+3! 6! (/#6%3! (7+! 6! 67(.6(!
$(8$#+%!$%&+#=8(7(!2/8!8*8!%+!(8++/+$#6%/!+'!$8(!
(#*! *6"/7+! =72/#'! <%! =8$%#+! +%/L8! "8&68! 2/8!
$(868&=8/! +8(! 7! 7.%*#>?%! =%+! *8+/J67+! &7! )(7&>7!
/(! (#*7"(8! (/#6%! (7#%(! =%! 2/8! %+! =8! c7L#8(! 8!
B&'$#%'!
18*7! $%(%! -%(0! 6%=%+! %+! $(#+6?%+! $%&LK(! 8(!
2/8! %+! (#*7"(8+! =8! 78+/+! !(#+6%! 8! =%+! 7$,+6%*%+!
+?%! =8! /(7! L8(=7=8! #&$%&68+6'L8*0! (7+! 2/8! +8!
$%=8! =/L#=7(! =8! 6%=%! $%&6%! =8! 7*"/&+! (#*7"(8+!
-8#6%+! &%+! \*6#(%+! 68($%+! 8! 2/8! &?%! 6K(! /(7!
7/68&6#$#=7=8!$%+#6#L7'!
"8+8*7(:+8:#70! $%(! 8Q8($*%0! $7(7! 2/8! /(!
(#*7"(8! -%++8! .8(! $%&+6767=%0! 2/8! +8! (87*#G7++8!
&7! $(8+8&>7! =7! <$7=8(#7! =7+! !#K&$#7+! =8! =7(#+0!
%/!=7!1%$#8=7=8! 87*!=8!E%&=(8+0!8!=7!)7$/*=7=8!
=8! #8=#$#&70! 7++#+6#=%! $%(! /(! =8+67$7(8&6%! =%!
(8"#(8&6%!=8!"/7(=7+!7!-#(!=8!$%&68(!7!(/*6#=?%0!
2/8! $%=8(#70! $%(! /(7! #&=#+$(#>?%0! #($8=#(! 7!
$('6#$7!=%!(#*7"(8'!
=8("/&6%/:+8!/(!=#7!7!/(!-#*,+%-%!%!2/8!=#(#7!
+8! L#++8! %! 1%*! =868(! +/7! (7($+70! #+6%! 60! +8! %!
(%L#(8&6%! =7! -8((7! 7%! (8=%(! =8++8! 7+6(%!
$8++7++80!+8!6%=%+!%+!(%(6%+!(8++/+$#67++8(!8!+8!

381
6%=7+! 7+! (%&67&+7+! +8! $(8$#$#67++8(! 7%! (7(0!
6/=%! $7(7! $(%L7(! 7*"/(7! #($%(67&68! L8(=7=80!
$%(%!$%(!8Q8($*%!7!"(7>7!L8(+'6#*'!,Y/8!=#(#7U4!A!
(8+$%&=8/! %! -#*,+%-%T! A! ,-%(&7(:(8:#7! /(!
(7&#2/8/0! =#(#7! 2/8! 8Q#+68! /(! $(#&$J$#%! 2/8!
=8+-7G!%!2/8!%!%/6(%!-8G4'!

382
9($-#-'

5'(#%+!+'.#%+!*/*"7(7(!2/8!%!=8&6768/$%!&?%!
$%=8! 68(! +#=%! 8+$(#6%! $%(! #%#+6+'! "#G8(! 2/8! =7!
$(,$(#7! <+$(#6/(7! +8! 8L#=8&$#7! 2/8! %! $(#(8#(%!
8Q8($*7(! $%&+8$#=%! -%#! 8&$%&6(7=%! &%! 68($%! =%!
(8#! 7%+#7+0! 8! 2/8! 8++8! \&#$%! 8Q8($*7(! -%#!
7$(8+8&67=%!7%!(8#!$8*%!+8$(86'(#%!17-?'!@(70!8&6(8!
#%#+6+!8!8++7!7L8&6/(7!=%!+8$(86'(#%!17-?!8Q#+68(!
(#*! $8&6%! 8! +8++8&67! 8! +868! 7&%+! $8*%! $O($/6%!
+8.(7#$%'! =%(2/7&6%! "8/+! 7$7(8$8/! 7! #%#+6+! &%!
8+$#&+8#(%! 7(=8&68! &%! 7&%! =%! (/&=%! =%#+! (#*!
=/G8&6%+! 8! 6(8G80! 8! %! +8$(86'(#%! 17-?! $/.*#$%/! %!
E#L(%!=7!E8#!&%!7&%!=%!(/&=%!6(K+!(#*!6(8G8&6%+!8!
%#68&67'! <++8! *#L(%! 8&$%&6(7=%! +%.! %! (8#&7=%! =8!
7%+#7+!-%#!=8+$%&+8$#=%!766!%!(86%(&%!=7!+/*8#>?%!
7! %7.#*O&#73! 8! =#G! 2/8! -%#! <+=(7+0! #&+$#(7=%! =8!
"8/+0!2/8!=8/!V!*/G!6%=7+!7+!17&67+!<+$(#6/(7+'!
@(70! +8*7! <+=(7+! %/! %/6(%! 2/8(! 8+$(8L8/!
8++8!*#L(%0!#++%!6!7.+%*/67(8&68!#&=#-8(8&68!=8+=8!
2/8! %! *#L(%! -%#! #&+$#(7=%'! 5?%! 8+6'! =#6%! &%!
=8&6768/$%! 2/8! #%#+6+! 68&+7! +#=%! +8/! 7/6%(3! 6!
$%#+! $8((#6#=%! 76(#./J:*%! 7! %/6(%! +%(8(!
2/7*2/8(0!7!2/8(!%!8+$J(#6%!=#L#&%!%!68('!=#67=%'!
<*"/&+! $%&6(7=#6%(8+! 7$(8+$8&67(! 2/8!
&8&+/(! $(%-867! $#6%/! %+! *#L(%+! =%! =8&6768/$%0!
2/8! &?%! 6! (8-8(#=%! &8(! &%+! 17*(%+! &8(! &%+!
*#L(%+! 76(#./J=%+! 7! 17*%(?%0! &8(! 8(! 78(8(#7+!

383
&8(! 8(! B+7J7+! &8(0! 8&-#(0! 8(! *#L(%! $7&O&#$%!
7*"/('!@+!68((%+!2/8!(8+$%&=8(!7%+!=8!8K&8+#+0!
iQ%=%0!5\(8(%+0!E8LJ6#$%0!"8/68(%&O(#%0!&?%!+?%!
8&$%&6(7=%+! 8(! &8&+/(! 8+$(#6%0! 2/8(! +8*7! =%!
5%L%!%/!=%!58*+%!-8+67(8&6%!
@/6(%+! (7#+! %/+7=%+! -%((/*7(7(! 7+!
+8"/#&68+!2/8+6M8+T!
/7'! A! <(! 2/8! *J&"/7! #%#+6+! 68(#7! 8+$(#6%0!
8+67&=%! &/(! =8+8(6%! +8*L7"8(U! 5?%! $%=8(#7! 68(!
+#=%! +8&?%! 8(! 8"J$$#%T! $%(2/80! $%(! 8++8! $(,$(#%!
*#L(%0! LK:+8! 2/8! #%#+6+! 8! 6%=%! %! +8/! $%L%!
&7+$8(7(! &%! <"#6%'! [! $(%L'L8*! 2/8! &?%! -7*7++8(!
%/6(7!*J&"/7'!@+!8"J$$#%+!&?%!+8!+8(L#7(!7#&=7!=%!
$7$#(%0! %+! +#8(,"*#-%+! 8(7(! "(7L7=%+! +%.(8!
('((%(8! %/! (7=8#(7'! "#G:+8! 766! 2/8! 7+! 6'./7+!
=%+! (7&=7(8&6%+! -%(7(! "(7L7=7+! +%.(8! $8=(7'!
=%(67&6%! 68(#7! +#=%! &8$8++'(#%! "(7L7(! $#&$%!
L%*/(8+! +%.(8! $8=(7+! $%*#=7+0! %! 2/8! (82/8(8(#7!
8+-%(>%+!8!68($%!$(%=#"#%+%+'!
97'! A! [! $%++JL8*! 2/8! &/(! =8+8(6%! %&=8! %!
$%L%! */=8/! &?%! 6#&+7! &8(! +7$768#(%+! &8(!
7*-7#768+0! 8! %&=8! %! "8/+! =%+! /&#L8(+%+! -%#!
%.(#"7=%! 7! (87*#G7(! /(! (#*7"(8! $%&6J&/%! $7(7!
$%&+8(L7(!7+!L8*+7+!(%/$7+!8!+7$76%+!=%+!*/=8/+0!
+8! 68&+7(! 8&$%&6(7=%! +%(8&+! +/-#$#8&68(8&68!
+'.8#+! $7(7! "(7L7(! %+! $#&$%! *#L(%+! =%! =8&6768/$%!
+%.(8!('((%(8!%/!(7=8#(7U! 8+$%&=8(:+8:'!2/80!
8&6(867&6%0! -%(7(! 8&$%&6(7=%+! %$8('(#%+! $7$7G8+!

384
=8! -7G8(! /(! .8G8((%! =8! %/(%0! 8! 2/8! 8(! +8"/#=7!
(8=/G#(7(! %! %/(%! 8(! $'3! 2/8! $%&+6(/J(7(! /(!
67.8(&'$/*%3! 2/8! %! 7=%(&7(7(! $%(! 6(#&67! 8!
2/76(%! $%*/&7+! =8! .(%&G8! $%(! $7$#66#+! =8! $(7673!
2/8! /(=#(7(! 8! (8$7(7(7(! L6/+! =8! *#&+%0! =8!
*7$#&6%0! =8! $\($/(7! 8! 8+$7(*7683! $%(6(! 8++8+!
$(,$(#%+! -76%+! -%(6#-#$7(! 7! %$#&#?%! =%+!
$%&6(7=#6%(8+'! 8+$%&=8(! &?%! +8(! $%++JL8*! 2/80!
&/(! =8+8(6%! %&=8! 6/=%! -7*67L70! +8! +%/L8++8(!
-8#6%!%.(7+!6?%!(82/#&67=7+3!2/8!68(#7!+#=%!$(8$#+%!
$%(8>7(! $%(! -7G8(! +7$76%+! 8! 6\&#$7+3! 2/8! %+! 2/8!
$7(8$8(!=%!&8$8++'(#%!&?%!+8!$%=8(!8&6(8"7(!7%!
*/Q%0! 8! 2/8! 6! 8L#=8&68! $%&6(7=#>?%! 7-#((7(! 7!
8Q#+6K&$#7! =8! -/&=#=%(8+0! "(7L7=%(8+0! 8+$/*6%(8+0!
6#&6/(8#(%+0! (8$7(7=%(8+0! 2/7&=%! &?%! +8! 6#&+7(!
&8(!(%/$7+0!&8(!+7&='*#7+0!&8(!$?%'!
H7'! A! 18! #%#+6+! +%/L8++8! 8+$(#6%! %! $(#(8#(%!
$7$J6/*%!=%!8K&8+#+0!68(:+8:#7!$(%#.#=%!7!6%=%+!%+!
*%L8&+!7!*8#6/(7!=8++8!$(#(8#(%!$7$J6/*%U!-8(:+8:#7!
(8+$8#67=%!6?%!$%/$%!%!*8"#+*7=%(U!18!-%++8!#%#+6+!
2/8(!=#++8!2/8!"8/+!$/&8!7!#&#2Z#=7=8!=%+!$7#+!
766! 7! 2/7(67! "8(7>?%0! 68(#7! <G82/#8*! =#6%! %!
$%&6('(#%U!
27! A! 18! #%#+6+! +%/L8++8! 8+$(#6%! %! E8LJ6#$%0!
$%=8(#7! 68(:+8! $%&6(7=#6%! &%! "8/68(%&O(#%U! @!
E8LJ6#$%! $(%J.8! $7+7(! $%(! 7+! $/&+7=7+0! %!
"8/68(%&O(#%!%!%(=8&7'!

385
I7'! A! -8(#7! #%#+6+! -7*7=%! 8(! +8/! *#L(%! 7!
(8+$8#6%! =8! $#=7=8+! 2/8! 7#&=7! &?%! 8Q#+6#7(! &%!
+8/!68($%U!-8(#7!=#6%!2/8!7+!$#=7=8+!2/8!$7(7!8*8!
8+67L7(! 7%! %(#8&68! =%! 7%(=?%0! -#$7L7(! 7%!
%$#=8&68U!
17'! A! -8(#7! 8*8! (8"#+67=%! 2/7(8&67! 8! %#6%!
$#=7=8+!*8LJ6#$7+!&/(!$7J+!%&=8!*7(7#+!+%/L8!=8G!
$#=7=8+0! 8! &/(! =8+8(6%! $%(! %&=8! 8((%/! +8($(8!
+8(!68(!/(7!$7+7U!
07'! A! -8(#7! $(8+$(#6%! (8"(7+! $7(7! %+! (8#+! =8!
"8/+!2/7&=%!&?%!+,!&?%!8Q#+6#7(!(8#+!8&6(8!8++8!
$%L%! $%(%0! $8*%! $%&6('(#%0! 8+67L7! 8*8! 8(! 8+67=%!
=8! $%($*867! (/J&70! +8&=%! $(%L'L8*! 2/8! &/&$7! %+!
$%++/J++8U! !%(%X! -8(#7! #%#+6+! =#67=%! $(8$8#6%+!
$7(7! 7! $%&=/67! =8! (8#+! 2/8! &?%! L#8(7(! +8&?%!
2/#&+8&6%+! 7&%+! =8$%#+! =8*80! +8(! &7=7! =8#Q7(!
=#6%!7%+!*/#G8+!8!$%&6J-#$8+!2/8!%!+/$8=8(7(U!<+67!
(8-*8Q?%! &?%! #&=/G! 7! $(8(! 2/8! %! =8&6768/$%! -%#!
$%($%+6%! &%+! 68($%+! =%+! (8#+! 8! 2/8! 7+!
$8(#(O&#7+! #&+6#6/J=7+! $%(! #%#+6+! 7$8&7+! -%(7(!
/(7!6(7=#>?%U!
;7'!A!!%(%!$%=8!68(!8*8!=#6%!7%+!*/=8/+T!,</!
L%+! -#G! +7#(! 8(! &\(8(%! =8! 1::! (#*! $%(.768&68+!
=7!68((7!=%!<"#6%0!+%.!7!$(%68>?%!=8!L%++%!"8/+U4!
5?%! *+8! 68(#7(! %+! */=8/+! (8+$%&=#=%T! ,[! $(8$#+%!
2/8! 68&+7#+! +#=%! .8(! 6J(#=%! $7(7! &?%! &%+! 76#(7(!
$%&6(7!%!-7(7,!=%!<"#6%3!8*8!&?%!&%+!$%=8(#7!%$%(!
/(! 8Q6($#6%! =8! =/G8&6%+! (#*! +%(8&+'! 77(7#+! %!

386
<"#6%! 68L8! 67*! &\(8(%! =8! +%*=7=%+! 8(! $6! =8!
"/8((73! &,+! %+! 68(J7(%+! L8&$#=%! -7$#*(8&680!
+8(J7(%+!%+!=%&%+!=%!+8/!$7J+'!!%(%!%!"8/+!2/8!
L%+! -7*7! 7++7++#&%/! $7(7! &%+! 7"(7=7(! 6%=%+! %+!
$(#(%"K&#6%+! =%! <"#6%0! 80! +8! +%/L8(! &8++8! $7J+!
6(8G8&67+! (#*! -7(J*#7+0! #+6%! -7G! 6(8G8&6%+! (#*!
+%(8&+!(%(6%+!&/(7!&%#680!7!-#(!=8!&%+!L#&"7(3!
8! L,+! &?%! #(#67+68+! %! L%++%! "8/+X! <! L,+! &?%! &%+!
=8+68+! 8++8! $7J+! -6(6#*! 2/8! &#&"/6(! $%=8(#7!
=8-8&=8(X!5,+!&%+!-#G8+68+!+7#(!=%!<"#6%!=8!(?%+!7!
7.7&7(0! $7(7! -7G8(! 2/8! (%((K++8(%+! &%+!
=8+8(6%+0! 8&6(8! %+! $(8$#$J$#%+! 8! 7+! (%&67&+7+X!
-8(J8#+! $%=#=%0! 7%! (8&%+0! $%&=/G#(:&%+!
=#(867(8&68! 7! 8++7! 68((7! =8! !7&7?! +%.(8! 7! 2/7*!
&?%! 68(%+! =#(8#6%! 7*"/(0! (7+! 2/8! &%+!
$(%(868+68+!8!&7!2/7*!7#&=7!&?%!$/=8(%+!8&6(7('!
,<(7! &76/(7*! 2/8! =7! 68((7! =8! 88++8&!
(7($+'++8(%+! $7(7! -#(%! 8! 1#=%&0! 7%! *%&"%! =%!
#8=#68((R&8%3! (7+! L,+! &%+! -#G8+68+! $7++7(! 2/7+8!
6%=%!%!#+6(%!=8!1/8G3!L,+!&%+!-#G8+68+!$8&86(7(!&%!
<"#6%0! 2/7+8! $7++7(! #8&-#+0! 8! &,+! &%+!
8&$%&6(7(%+!8(!%88*!18-%&0!&7+!(7("8&+!=%!#7(!
58((8*+%0! L%*67&=%! 7+! $%+67+! V! 68((7! =8! !7&7?0!
68&=%! $7(#&+7=%! ;:! *6"/7+! &8++8! <"#6%! 2/8!
=8+8*'L7(%+! 8L#67(0! 8! 8&-#(! $(8+68+! 7! $8(8$8(!
8&6(8!%!(7(!8!%!8Q6($#6%!=%!-7(7,X!
,18!+%/L6++8#+!=8+8*7=%!*#L(7(:&%+!=%+!&%++%+!
#&#(#"%+! &?%! 68(J8#+! 6%(7=%! %/6(7! (%67! 8! %/6(7+!
(8=#=7+U! "8/+! &%+! +7*L%/! $%(! /(! (#*7"(8T! %!

387
(7(! -%#! 7.8(6%! $7(7! 2/8! $7++'++8(%+3!(7+0!7$,+!
/(! 67*! -7L%(0! +8(#7! $(8$#+%! =8#Q7(:&%+! (%((8(! V!
-%(8! 8! V! -7=#"7! &%+! +%((JL8#+! =8+8(6%+! =8! <67(0!
=8!87=8+!%7(&80!=8!#7(70!=8!<*#(0!=8!@(8.8!8!=8!
1#&7#U! -%=%+! %+! &%++%+! $7#+! $8(8$8(7(! &8++7+!
+%*#=M8+! 76(%G8+0! 8! L,+! L#&=8+! =#G8(0! =8$%#+! =8!
2/7(8&67! 7&%+0! 2/8! "8/+! 68L8! /(! $/#=7=%!
$7(6#$/*7(!$%(!&%++%+!$7#+X4U!
<#+!%!2/8!8++8+!*/=8/+!(/((/(7=%(8+0!8++8+!
-#*+%+!#&*/+6%+!=%+!*/=8/+!L7"7./&=%+!(%(6%+!&%+!
=8+8(6%+! $%=8(#7(! 68(! =#6%! 7! #%#+6+! +8! 8*8! *+8+!
+%/L8++8! *#=%! %! iQ%=%! 8! %! 8K&8+#+'! <! %! 2/8! &?%!
=8L8(#7(! 8*8+! =#G8(! 8! -7G8(! 7! (8+$8#6%! =%! .8G8((%!
=8! %/(%X! ,!%(%X! @/+7#+! =#G8(:&%+! 2/8! L%++%!
#((?%! -8G! /(! .8G8((%! =8! %/(%! $7(7! &%++%+! $7#+!
2/7&=%!8+6'L8#+!$%(!"8/+!&7!(%&67&+70!L,+!2/8!
%(7! &%+! =#G8#+! 68(! -7*7=%! $%(! "8/+! -7$8! 7! -7$8! 8!
%(7!2/8!7$8&7+!%!L#+68+!$8*7+!$%+67+X!#7+0!8&-#(0!
L,+!8+6#L8+68+!$%(!8++8!"8/+!8!L%++%!#((?%!-/&=8!
&/(! +,! =#7! /(! .8G8((%! =8! %/(%! 8! &%:*%! ='! $7(7!
2/8! %! 7=%(8(%+3! 80! 8(! */"7(! =8! $/&#(! %! L%++%!
#&=#"&%! #((?%0! -7G8#+! =8*8! &%++%! $%&6J-#$8! 8!
%(=8&7#+! 7! L%++%+! *8L#67+! =8"%*7(! L#&68! (#*!
+%(8&+! =%! L%++%! $%L%X! -8:*%:#7(! +%-(#=%! &%++%+!
$7#+U! "#G8#+:&%+! 2/80! &?%! $%&68&68! $%(! 8++7!
$7(&#-#$#&7!#&$(JL8*0!-#G8+68+!7#&=7!(7++7$(7(!L#&68!
8! 2/76(%! (#*! =%+! L%++%+! $%.(8+! 7$%($7&+7&68+!
$%(2/8! /(! =8*8+! +8! =8#67(7! $%(! /(7! (7=#7&#670!
2/7&=%!L,+!(8+(%!=8+$%+7+68+!/(7!(7=#7&#673!8!
7$(8+$8&67#+! 2/8! +%#+! %! (7#+! =%$8! =8! 6%=%+! %+!

388
+%(8&+X! <#&=7! 7*"/(7+! 7>M8+! =8++7! =%>/(7! 8!
&#&"/6(!(8+67(#7!$7(7!$%&67(!7!+#+6,(#7'!
,5?%0! +8! -O++8#+! $7$7G! =8! /(7! 67*! $(/8*=7=80!
+8! 7! 6#L6++8#+! $%=#=%! 8Q8($8(0! +8(J8#+! %! (7#+!
.'(.7(%!=8!6%=%+!%+!+%(8&+0!8!6%=%+!%+!+/$*J$#%+!
+8(#7(!#&+/-#$#8&68+!$7(7!8Q$#7(!/(!6?%!8+6(7&+%!
$(#(8'4!
1?%!8++7+0!$%/$%!(7#+!%/!(8&%+0!7+!%.*8>M8+!
-8#67+! $8*%+! +'.#%+! V2/8*8+! 2/8! */*"7(! #%#+6+!
7/6%(! =%! =8&6768/$%'! #7+! (8+$%&=8:+8:*+8+! 2/8!
%+! $7(#&+%+! =8! "8/+! &?%! +?%! %+! =%+! +%(8&+3!
2/8(! "8/+! 8Q$8(#(8&6%/0! $%&=/G#/! 8! 7.7&=%&%/!
%! +8/! $%L%! $%(! /(7! +7.8=%(#7! 2/8! &%+! 6!
=8+$%&+8$#=73! 2/8! %+! $(,$(#%+! */=8/+! =/(7&68!
=%#+!(#*!7&%+!*/*"7(7(!+7L8(!+#=%!#%#+6+!%!7/6%(!
=8++8+! *#L(%+3! 2/8! 7! #"(8*70! 2/8! +/$8=8/! V!
+#&7"%"7! 8! 2/8! 6! #&-7*JL8*! $%(%! 8*70! =8$#=#/! 8++8!
$%&6%! =8! $%&6(%L6(+#70! 8! 2/8! %+! +'.#%+! =8L8(!
$7*7(:+8!2/7&=%!7!#"(8*7!-7*7'!

389
3)1*$2'

='6(#7! 6! /(! $%&*/&6%! =8! L'(#7+! -7(J*#7+3! 80!


$%(%! +8! +/+68&67! $%(/(8&68! 7! $(,$(#7! -7(J*#7!
$%(! 7(%(! $(,$(#%0! 2/7&=%! &?%! +8! 68(! /(!
#&68(8++8! $%&6('(#%! $8*%! (8+(%! 7(%(! $(,$(#%! +8!
+/+68&67! +/7!$#=7=8!%/!+/7!7*=8#7!2/8!+8!$+7(7!
+/7!$'6(#7'!
Y/7&6%! (7#+! 8++7! $'6(#7! +8! 6%(&7! "(7&=8!
(8&%+! 6! 7(7=70! $%(2/8! %! 7(%(! (8$7(6#=%! +8!
=8.#*#67! 8! 6! #($%++JL8*! 7(7(! 8&68(&8$#=7(8&68!
/(7! -7(J*#7! (/#6%! &/(8(%+70! 2/8! 7$8&7+! +8!
$%&+8$8'!<2/8*8!2/8!+8!2/8#(7!&7!7(.#>?%!=8!+8(!
8=#*0! 6(#./&%0! $(86%(0! $O&+/*0! =#67=%(0! "(#67! 2/8!
7(7! 7! +/7! $'6(#70! 8! &?%! 7(7! +8&?%! 7! +#! $(,$(#%'!
!7=7!2/7*!=8+8*7!8+67(!+8"/(%!=8!$%=8(!=8#67(:+80!
=8! 68(! +/7! $7(7! $(,$(#70! +8(! 2/8! %/6(%! +%(8(!
+8!7((%"/8!%!$%=8(!=8!%!(7&=7(!=8#67(:+8!7*+/(8+3!
$7=7!/(!=8+8*7!8+67(!+8"/(%!=8!+/7!-%(6/&7!8!=8!
+/7! L#=7'! -%=%+! -%((7(! 7++#(! %+! (8+(%+!
=8+8*%+0! 8! 8&6?%! %! #&68(8++8! $7(6#$/*7(! +8!
6(7&+-%((7!8(!#&68(8++8!"8(7*T!&?%!+8!L%67!+8&?%!
$%(!+#!$(,$(#%!2/7&=%!+8!L%67!$8*7!(8$\.*#$7'!
[! #($%++JL8*! 8Q#+6#(! +%.(8! 7! 68((7! /(! 8+67=%!
2/8! &?%! +8*7! "%L8(&7=%! 7! $(#&$J$#%! $%(%!
(8$\.*#$7T! 6! 7! (7($+7! &76/(7*! =7! &76/(8G7!
+/(7&7'! <*"/(7+! -7(J*#7+! +8! (8\&8(0! =8! #&J$#%0!
$%&6(7! %+! /(+%+! 8! $%&6(7! %+! *%.%+3! 7! 2/8! 68(!

390
+8(8&68+! =8! 6(#"%! -%(&8$8:7+0! 8(! 6(%$70! V2/8*7!
2/8!7$8&7+!68(!*8&+7'!
Y/7&=%!=8+$%.(#(%+!7!<(6(#$7!8&$%&6(7(%+!
6%=7+! 7+! 6(#.%+! =#L#=#=7+! 8(! (8$\.*#$7+3! 7$8&7+!
8Q#+6#7(! =%#+! (8(%+! 8(! 6%=7! 8++7! $7(68! =%!
(/&=%'! "8! (#*+7(8+! =8! &7>M8+! +%(8&68! =/7+!
8&$%&6(7(%+!+/.*/"7=7+'!
)%#! 7++#(0! 67(.6(0! &%! 58*+%! #/&=%3! 6/=%!
8(7! (8$\.*#$7! &7! </(%$7! 7&68+! =%+! (6"/*%+! =8!
<6(\(#7! 8! %(7'! <&$%&6(7(%+! 7#&=7! +%*8!
(8$\.*#$7+!&7!D-(#$70!A!-(J$%*#0!-/&#+0!<("6*#70!&7!
&%++7! $7(68! +868&6(#%&7*0! +?%! (8$\.*#$7+! =8!
.7&=#=%+'!@+!+%68&6%68+!=%!(8#%!=#7!L#L8(!7#&=7!
$%(%! +8! =#G! 2/8! L#L8(7(! &%+! $(#(8#(%+! 7&%+! =%!
(/&=%0! *#L(8+0! #"/7#+! 8&6(8! 8*8+0! +8(! +8&+%(8+0!
+8(! +/.(#++M8+0! +8(! =#&+8#(%! 8! 2/7+8! +8(!
&8$8++#=7=8+'!
<! $7(&8! =8! +8/+! $7(&8#(%+! &/6(8:%+0! +/7! $8*8!
%+! L8+680! $+%>7+! =8! (7=8#(7! 8! =8! $8=(7! +?%! +8/+!
(8-\"#%+3! +?%! %+! (7#+! "(%++8#(%+! =8! 6%=%+! %+!
+%(8&+0!(7+!&?%!%!+8&68(0!L#L8(!8!(%((8(!(7#+!
=%$8(8&68!=%!2/8!&,+'!
8+67(!&7!&%++7!</(%$7!%#6%!(8$\.*#$7+!+8(!
(%&7($7+T! 58&8G70! N%*7&=70! 1/J>70! 88&8.(70!
E/$7+0! 7"/+70!8K&%L7!8!1?%!#7(#&+%.I03'!=%=8:+8!
$%&+#=8(7(!7!=%*O&#70!7!1/6$#70!7!B&"*768((7!$%(%!
(8$\.*#$7+! +%.! /(! (8#3! (7+! 7! =%*O&#7! 6! 7! \&#$7!
2/8!/+7!%!+8/!&%(8'!

391
=%#+! .8(0! %! 2/8! +8('! (8*+%(! A! 2/8! L%++7!
$'6(#7! +8*7! /(! 8+67=%! (%&'(2/#$%! %/! /(! 8+67=%!
(8$/.*#$7&%U! N'! 2/76(%! (#*! 7&%+! +8! =#+$/68! 8++7!
2/8+6?%'! =8("/&67#! 7! +%*/>?%! 7%+! (#$%+0! 8*8+!
$(8-8(8(! 7! 7(#+6%$(7$#73! #&68((%"7#! %! $%L%0! 8*8!
2/8(! 7! =8(%$(7$#7T! 7$8&7+! %+! (8#+! $(8-8(8(! 7!
(87*8G7'! !%(%0! $%(67&6%0! 6! $%++JL8*! 2/8! 2/7+8!
6%=7! 7! 68((7! +8*7! "%L8(&7=7! $%(! (%&7($7+U!
=8("/&67#:%! 7%+! (76%+! 2/8! $(%$/+8(7(! $8&=/(7(!
/(7! $7($7#&+7! &%! $8+$%>%! =%! "76%.I;3'! #7+0! &7!
L8(=7=80!7!L8(=7=8#(7!(7G?%!60!$%(%!+8!=#++80!2/8!
%+! +%(8&+! +?%! (/#! (7(7(8&68! =#"&%+! =8! +8!
"%L8(&7(!$%(!+#!$(,$(#%+'!
[!=8$*%('L8*!2/8!2/7+8!+8($(8!$7(7!+8(!.%(!
$76(#%67!=8L7:+8!+8(!#&#(#"%!=%!(8+6%!=%+!+%(8&+'!
@! L8*+%! !76?%0! 8++8! ,6#(%! $#=7=?%0! =#G#7! +8($(8!
&%!+8&7=%T!,-7*!6!(#&+7!%$#&#?%0!8!2/8!+8!7((/#&8!
!7(67"%4'! 18(! .%(! $76(#%67! 6! =8+8*7(! 2/8! +/7!
$#=7=8!+8!8&(#2/8>7!$8*%!$%(6($#%!8!+8*7!$%=8(%+7!
$8*7+! 7((7+'! [! $*7(%! 2/8! /(! $7J+! &?%! $%=8!
"7&+7(! +8(! 2/8! %/6(%! $8($7! 8! 2/8! &?%! $%=8!
L8&$8(!+8(!-7G8(!=8+"(7>7=%+'!
-7*!60!$%#+0!7!$%&=#>?%!+/(7&70!2/8!=8+8*7(!7!
"(7&=8G7! =%! +8/! $7J+! 6! =8+8*7(! (7*! 7%+! +8/+!
L#G#&+%+'!<2/8*8!2/8!$(868&=8++8!2/8!7!+/7!$'6(#7!
&?%! -%++8! *7(7#+! &8(! (8&%(! &8(! (7#%(0! &8(!
(7#+! (#$7! &8(! (7#+! $%.(80! +8(#7! %! $#=7=?%! =%!
/&#L8(+%'!

392
3&#*('

<(! #67*#7&%! =#8(%! %/! =#86(%3! 8(! 8+$7&+%*!


=8=(%3! 8(! *76#(! =86(/+3! 8(! "(8"%! =86(%+3! 8(!
+8.(7#$%! !8$+7'! =%(! 2/8! %+! +/$8++%(8+! =8! =8=(%!
6#L8(7(!67&6%+!$%=8(8+!&%!@$#=8&68!8!&8&+/(!&%!
@(#8&68U! [! %! (8+(%! 2/8! $8("/&67(! $%(! 2/8! %+!
.#+$%+!=8!W/(6G./("!8!=8!17*G./("!+8!76(#./J(7(!
=#(8#6%+! (8"7*#7&%+! &%+! 68($%+! =7! 7&7(2/#70! =8!
$7++%!2/8!%+!.#+$%+!"(8"%+!+8($(8!-%(7(!+\=#6%+'!
@! 68($%0! 7! %$7+#?%0! 7! 7(.#>?%! =8! /&+! 8! 7!
-(72/8G7! =8! %/6(%+! 6/=%! -#G8(7(! 8! -7(?%! &8+68!
(/&=%'!
<! 8++7! 7&7(2/#7! 7*/&6%/:+8! 7! %$#&#?%! 8! 7!
%$#&#?%! 6! 7! (7#&+7! =%+! +%(8&+'! 5?%! 2/8! &7!
(87*#=7=8!68&+7(!/(7!%$#&#?%!.8(!=868((#&7=70!
(7+!$7*7L(7+!-7G8(:*+8!7+!L8G8+'!
!%&67:+8! &%! <L7&"8*+%! 2/8! 78+/+! =#++8! 7!
=8=(%T!,"7(:68:8#!7+!$+7L8+!=%!(8#&%!=%+!$6/+'4!@+!
$7(6#='(#%+! =%! .#+$%! =8! %(7! +/+68&67(7(0! $8*%!
+6$/*%! cB0! 2/8! 2/8(! ='! %! (7#+! ='! %! (8&%+3! 2/8!
%+! $6/+! (%=8#7(! 7! 68((7! 8! 2/8! =8=(%0! 68&=%! 7+!
$+7L8+!=%!$%&6#&8&680!6#&+7!67(.6(!7+!$+7L8+!=%!
$%&68\=%'! 18! +8! 8&68&=8(! $%(! $6/+! 6%=7+! 7+!
8+6(8*7+! 8! 6%=%+! %+! $*7&867+0! 6! 8L#=8&68! 2/80!
+8"/&=%! -%('+#%0! 7+! $+7L8+! =7=7+! 7! 1#(?%!
%7(*%&80! $%"&%(#&7=%! =8=(%0! 8(7(! /(!
$7++7$%(68'!18!+8!8&68&=8(!$%(!$6/+!7+!&/L8&+0!7!

393
76(%+-8(70! %! 668(0! %! 8+$7>%! 8(! 2/8! (%*7(! %+!
$*7&867+0! &?%! 8Q#+68(! +8((7*+8#(%+0! +8"/&=%!
#8\(+#%0! $7$7G8+! =8! -7G8(! /(7! $+7L8! $7(7! 8++7+!
$%(67+'!
<+! $+7L8+! &7! =7*8+6#&7! 8(7(! /(7! $7L#*+7! =8!
(7=8#(7!2/8!+8!*#"7L7!7!/(7!$%((8#7'!78+/+!=#++8!
7! %7(*%&8T! A! ,@! 2/8! *#"7(8+! &7! 68((7! +8('! *#"7=%!
&%+!$6/+4!A!@+!68,*%"%+!=%!$7$7!$%&$*/J(7(!2/8!
%+! $7$7+! 6#&+7(! (8$8.#=%! %! =#(8#6%! =8! *#"7(! 8!
=8+*#"7(!%+!$%L%+!=%!*/(7(8&6%!=8!-#=8*#=7=8!-8#6%!
7%+! +8/+! (8#+! 8! =8! =#+$%(! 7%! +8/! .8*! $(7G8(! =8!
6%=%+! %+! (8#&%+'! [! $%&$*/#(! (7"&#-#$7(8&68'! <+!
$%(/&7+0!&%+!8+67=%+!"8(7#+!=7!)(7&>70!8(!/H:9!
=#G8(!8(!+8/!(82/8(#(8&6%!7%!(8#!2/8!,%%&#-'$#%!
5BBB!8(7!/(!.'''!2/8!$8&+7L7!2/8!"8/+!$(8&=#7!8!
*#"7L7!7%!$6/!%!2/8!%%&#-'$#%!*#"7L7!&7!68((74'!C(!
-7(%+%! */68(7&%! =7! <*8(7&+7! .+8"/&=%! $8&+%0!
#8*7&$+6%&3! $/+67L7! /(! $%/$%! 7! =#"8(#(! 2/8!
78+/+! +%/L8++8! =#6%! 7! 1#(?%! %7(*%&80! !8-7! %/!
!8-7+T!,-/!6+!=8=(%!8!+%.(8!8+67!$8=(7!$%&+6(/#(8#!
%!(8/!68($*%0!(#&+7!#"(8*74'!5?%!$%=#7!$%&$8.8(!
2/8! "8/+! 6#L8++8! 8($(8"7=%! +8(8*+7&68! *%"%! =8!
$7*7L(7+0! /(7! 7"/=8G7! 6?%! 8Q6(7%(=#&'(#70! 8! 2/8!
7!$%6K&$#7!=%!$7$7!-%++8!.7+87=7!&/(!6(%$7=#*+%'!
=8=(%! $7++%/! $%(! 68(! +#=%! .#+$%! =8! %(73!
+7.8:+8! $%(6(! 2/8! &8++8! 68($%! 8! (/#6%! =8$%#+!
&?%! +%/L8! .#+$%! 7*"/(! $7(6#$/*7('! <! +%$#8=7=8!
$(#+6?!+,!6%(%/!-%((7!8(!-#&+!=%!+8"/&=%!+6$/*%'!

394
=%=8! +8(! 2/8! =8=(%! 68&+7! -8#6%! 7! L#7"8(! 7!
%(73! $%=8! +8(0! 67(.6(0! 2/8! 68&+7! +#=%! $%+6%!
&7! $(/G0! $%(! 7! $7.8>7! $7(7! .7#Q%0! &?%! %.+67&68!
&?%! +8(! 8++8! %! $%+6/(83! &?%! +'0! $%(6(0! $(%L7!
7*"/(7! =8! 6/=%! #++%'! -8(%+! /(7! $7(67! -#((7=7!
$%(! 8*80! &7! 2/7*! =#G! 8+67(! 8(! %7.#*O&#7T! 7*"/&+!
$7&%&#+67+! */=#$#%+%+! $(868&=8(7(! 2/8! $%(!
%7.#*O&#7! +8! =8L8(#7! 8&68&=8(! %(7'! <++#(0!
+/$%&=%:+8! 2/8! 8*8! 7! 68&+7! =767=%! =8! %(70!
$%=8(:+8:#7! $%&$*/#(! 2/8! 7! $7(67! -%#! 8+$(#67! 8(!
%7.#*O&#7'! "/(7&68! (/#6%! 68($%! 6#(7(7(:+8!
$%&$*/+M8+! #"/7#+! 8! 6! 7++#(! 2/8! %! (/&=%! -%#!
"%L8(&7=%'!
<(! %(7! $7"%/:+8! (8"#7(8&68! 7! /(! +7&6%!
+%(8(! $%(! /(7! +#(O&#73! $8("/&67(7(:*+8! +8!
7$(8=#67L7! 8(! 2/8! 1#(?%! =8=(%! 8+6#L8(7! &%! $7J+3!
(8+$%&=8/T! ,5?%! L8*%! 2/8! =8=(%! 7J! 68&+7! 8+67=%0!
(7+!1#(?%0!68&+%!7!$8(68G74.I93'!
Y/7&6%!V!$8++%7!=8!=8=(%0!6!$(8$#+%!*8L7(!8(!
$%&+#=8(7>?%! 2/8! =7/*%! &?%! 6! %! \&#$%! 2/8! +8!
8+$7&=7*#G%/! $8*7! +/7! $%&=/673! -%#! $%&68+67=%!
-7$8! 7! -7$80! 8*8! 8! +8/+! +/$8++%(8+'! <++8! =7/*%!
(8$(%L7L7:*+8! 7$(8(8&68! %! $%(8(! $7(&8+'!
$(%#.#=7+0! #+6%! 60! $%($%0! $(8+/&6%0! *8.(80! 8&"/#70!
#Q#?%! 8! =8=(%! =8-8&=8/:+8! =#G8&=%! 2/8! L#(7!%!$6/!
7.(#(:+8! &7! +8Q67! +%(7! $(%Q#(7(8&680! 8! /(7!
"(7&=8! 6%7*+7! 2/8! =8+$#7! =%+! 2/76(%! $7&6%+! =%!
$6/0! 7! 2/7*! 8+67L7! (8$*867! =8! 8&"/#7+0! =8!
2/7=(\$8=8+!8!$'++7(%+0!8!2/8!7!L%G!=8!/(!7&*%!

395
"(#67(7T! ,#767#! 8! $%(8#4'! [0! +8"/&=%! 7+!
7$7(K&$#7+0! 8++7! (8+(7! L%G! 2/8! "(#6%/! 7! 67&6%+!
$%&6J-#$8+T! ,#767#! 6/=%! 8! $%(8#! 7! +/.+6R&$#7! =%!
$%L%40!=#G!W%**7+6%&'!
!7+7/.%&! &?%! $%=#7! 7$(%L7(! 7! (7&8#(7! $%(!
2/8! =8=(%! 6(76%/! %! .%(! <&7&#7+! 8! 17-#(70! +/7!
(/*+8('! !%(! 2/8! =#(8#6%0! =#G! !7+7/.%&0! /(!
*/=8/! 8+$(7L%! =%+! (%(7&%+! $8&=8! %(=8&7(! %/!
7=(#6#(! 2/8! 6%=%+! %+! 2/8! 7$(8=#67++8(!8(!78+/+!
=8L8(#7(! L8&=8(! +/7+! +8(=7=8+! 8! 6(7G8(! %!
(8+/*67=%! =8! +/7! L8&=7! 7! +8/+! $6+U! 18! 7*"/(!
7&7.76#+670!8(!E%&=(8+!%(=8&7++8!7!(8+(7!$%#+7!
7! +8/+! #((?%+0! &?%! +8(#7! $(8+%! $%(%! +8=/6%(!
+8=#$#%+%0! $%(%! *7=(?%! 2/8! &?%! +8! =8#Q7(#7! =8!
8&L#7(! 7! -;./(&U! 5?%! 6! +%((JL8*! -7G8(! <&7&#7+!
(%((8(!$%(2/80!68&=%!L8&=#=%!+8/+!-/&=%+!8!=7=%!
%! =#&+8#(%! 7! =8=(%0! (868L8! $7(7! +#! 8! +/7! (/*+8(!
7*"/&+! 8+$/=%+! 7! -#(! =8! &?%! (%((8(! =8! -%(8U!
<$8&7+! <&7&#7+! -%#! (%(6%0! +/7! (/*+8(! $+8"%/'!
=8=(%0!8(!L8G!=8!7=L8(6#:*7!$7(#=%+7(8&68!=8!2/8!
7$7.7L7! =8! (767(! +8/! (7(#=%! =8! 7$%$*8Q#7! $%(!
+7L8(! "/7(=7=%! 7*"/&+! ,./*%+! 8! =8! *+7!
(8$%(8&=7(! 2/8! 6%(7++8! $/#=7=%! $%&+#"%!
$(,$(#70'!=8#Q7:7!$7#(!&/(7!7((7=#*+7'!=8("/&67:
*+8! +8! +8/! (7(#=%! =8/! 6%=%! +8/! =#&+8#(%! 7%+!
+7&6%+'! <!.%7!(/*+8(!(8+$%&=8!2/8!+#(!8!(8$8.8!
(%(68!#&+67&6R&87'!B++%!6!=/(%'!
!%&(J&"#%!$8("/&67!$%(!2/8!=8=(%0!2/8!(76%/!
7++#(! 8++8+! 2/8! *+8! =8(7(! 6%=%+! %+! +8/+! .8&+0!

396
&?%! (7&=%/! 7&68+! (767(! 6%=%+! %+! =%/6%(8+! 2/8!
-#G8(7(!78+/+!!(#+6%!(%((8(!8!2/8!%!-/+6#"7(7(!7!
8*8! $(,$(#%! (7#+! =8! /(7! L8GU! F! =8=(%X! -7G8#+!
(%((8(!=%#+!$(#+6?%+!2/8!L%+!=8(7(!+/7!8+(%*7!8!
=8#Q7#+! L#L8(! 72/8*8+! 2/8! $(/$#-#$7(7(! L%++%!
"8/+X!
=%(! (/#6%! 2/8! $7(8>7! 2/8! !%&(J&"#%! &?%!
8+67L7! 8(! $7J+! =8! #&2/#+#>?%! 7%! -7G8(! 8++8+!
2/8+#6%+! %/+7=%+0! <(7+(%0! 7! $(%$,+#6%! =8! =8=(%0!
7$8&6/%/!/(7!$%#+7!.8(!+#&"/*7(T!2/8!%!$+8-8!=7!
(8*#"#?%! $(#+6?! $%(8>%/! +8/! 7$%+6%*7=%! $%(!
(8&8"7(! 78+/+! !(#+6%0! 8! 2/8! %! $(#(8#(%! $%&6J-#$8!
=%+!*/=8/+!$%(8>7(7!+8/!(#&#+66(#%!$%(!$%&+6(/#(!
/(!.8G8((%!=8!%/(%!8!7=%(':*%'!
18*7!$%(%!-%(0!=8=(%!&%+!6!=8+$(#6%!$%(%!/(!
$%.(8!2/8!$7682/#G7L7!$%.(8+'!<*8!+8!$7(8$8!$%(!
8++8+! -/&=7=%(8+! =8! %(=8&+! 2/8! L#L#7(! &7!
#&=#"K&$#7! 8! $/*%+! +/$8++%(8+! +8! 6%(&7(7(!
"(7&=8+!+8&+%(8+'!
@! $7$70! +/$8++%(! =8! =8=(%0! %(7! "7&+%/0! %(7!
$8(=8/3!(7+!7#&=7!*+8!(8+67(!$#&2Z8&67!(#*+M8+!
=8! +%(8&+! (7#+! %/! (8&%+! +%.(8! 7! 68((70!
+/.(#++%+! 8(! (/#6%+! $%&6%+! V+! +/7+! *8#+0! 7*6(!
=8!+8/+!+\=#6%!#(8=#76%+'!
-8(! /(! +8&+%(! 7! 6(8G8&67+! %/! 2/76(%$8&67+!
*6"/7+! =7! $(,$(#7! $7+73! 8+$8(7(! $7(7! $8&+7(! 2/8!
8++8! +%(8(! 68&+7! $7(8$#=%! $8&+7(3! &?%! %/+7(!
*/*"7(! 8(! \*6#(%! (8$/(+%! /(! $(%$8++%! 8&6(8!

397
7*"/&+! =8! +8/+! $%&$#=7=?%+! 768&=8&=%! V+!
$%(#++'(#%+! &%(87=%+! $%(! 8++8! 8+6(7&"8#(%3! &?%!
%/+7(! 6%(7(! $%++8! =%+! $7($%+! 8! =7+! L#&+7+! 2/8!
+8!%.6#L8(7(!=%!$(,$(#%!(8#!+8(!$7"7(!/(7!+%(7!
$%&+#=8('L8*! 7! 8++8! +8&+%(! 8+6(7&"8#(%3! L#%*7(! 7+!
*8#+! =8! +8/! $7J+! 2/8! $(%J.8(! =8+$%+7(! /(7!
+%.(#&+70!8!$7+7(!$%(!8*7!*8"#6#(7(8&68!$7"7&=%!
7! 8++8! +8&+%(! 8+6(7&"8#(%! /(7! +%(7! 7#&=7! (7#+!
$%&+#=8('L8*3! &?%! %/+7(! $/*6#L7(! +8/! $7($%! &%!
=#7!8(!2/8!8++8!8+6(7&"8#(%!2/8(!2/8!+8!$8*8.(8!7!
(8(,(#7!=8!/(!=8+$%&+8$#=%!2/8!8*8!#&+67*%/!&%!
$6/!$%(!+/7!$(,$(#7!$%&673!6!#++%!(7#+!%/!(8&%+!
%! 2/8! +#"&#-#$7! 7=(#6#(! /(! $7$73! +?%! 8++7+! 7+!
*#.8(=7=8+!=7!#"(8*7!"7*#$7&7'!
N'!7*"/&+!%/6(%+!$%L%+!2/8!*8L7(!7#&=7!(7#+!
*%&"8! +/7! +/.(#++?%'! 5#(%+! 8(! &%++%+! =#7+! /(!
+%.8(7&%.1:3!+%*#$#67(!7%!$7$7!7!$8((#++?%!=8!-7G8(!
*/*"7(! $8*%! +8/! (87*! 6(#./&7*! 7*"/&+! (%&"8+!
7$/+7=%+!=8!$7((#$J=#%0!&?%!%.68(!67*!$8((#++?%!8!
&?%!%/+7(!$/($(#(!%!*/*"7(8&6%'!
17.8:+8!$8(-8#67(8&68!2/8!%/6(%(7!%+!=#(8#6%+!
=%+! $7$7+! #7(! (7#+! *%&"83! 8+67L7(! $%*%$7=%+!
(/#6%! 7$#(7! =%+! =8/+8+! =7! 7&6#"Z#=7=83! $%#+!
8++8+!=8/+8+!$7++7L7(!$%(!=#+$%(!=%+!#($6(#%+0!8!
%+!$7$7+!=#+$/&+7(!=8*8+!=8!-76%'!
"#++8!<+6/(.#&%!2/8!+8!$%=8!$8(=%7(!V2/8*8+!
2/8! =/L#=7(! =7! =#L#&=7=8! 8! =7! #&-7*#.#*#=7=8! =%!
$7$7!2/7&=%!+8!(8-*868T!

398
Y/8! 2/7(8&67! $#+(7+! $(%-7&7(7(! %! $\*$#6%!
=8!1'!=8=(%!8!L#&68!8!+868!%!8&+7&"Z8&67(7(3!
Y/8! <+68L?%! 5BB0! -#*+%! =8! /(! $7=(80!
=8+8&68((%/! %! $%($%! =8! )%((%+%0! +8/!
$(8=8$8++%(0!8!-8G!$%(67(!7!$7.8>7!=%!$7='L8(3!
Y/8! 16("#%! BBB0! (6/! $%&L#$6%! =8! 7++7++#&76%0!
68L8! /(! -#*+%! =8! #7(,G#70! %! 2/7*! +8(=%/! =%!
$7$7=%3!
Y/8! 7%?%! c0! 7(7&68! =8! -8%=%(70! -%#!
8+6(7&"/*7=%!8(!+8/!*8#6%3!
Y/8! 7%?%! cB0! -#*+%! =8! 16("#%! BBB0! -%#! $6*8.(8!
$8*7!+/7!=8L7++#=?%3!
Y/8! 7%?%! cBB! -%#! 7++7++#&7=%! 8(! $7+7! =7!
7(7&683!
Y/8! %8&8=#6%! Bc0! $%($(%/! 8! (8L8&=8/! %!
$%&6#-#$7=%3!
Y/8! 8(8",(#%! 5BB! -%#! %! 7/6%(! =8! 2/#&+8&6%+!
7&%+! =8! "/8((7+! $#L#+! +/+68&67=7+! $%(! +8/+!
+/$8++%(8+3!
Y/8! 8&-#(0! 8&6(8! 67&6%+! $7$7+! 7(.#$#%+%+0!
+7&"/#&'(#%+! 8! =8L7++%+0! +%/L8! /(0! <*8Q7&=(8!
5B0!$/*%!&%(8!6!$(%&/&$#7=%!$%(!%!(8+(%!+%((%(!
2/8!%+!=8!58(%!8!!7*J"/*7'!

399
[! /(7! $(%L70! =#G:+80! =7! =#L#&=7=8! =8! +8/+!
$7(7$68(8+0! %! 68(8(! +/.+#+6#=%! 7! 67&6%+! $(#(8+3!
(7+! +8! %+! $7*#-7+! 6#L8++8(! 6#=%! /(7! $%&=/67!
7#&=7! (7#+! 7-(%&6%+70! 68(#7(! 8&6?%! +#=%! 7#&=7!
(7#+!=#L#&%+'![!7++#(!2/8!7((7G%7!"6((#%3!$%(6(!
%+!*8+/J67+!*+8!(8+$%&=8(7('!

400
3*&%("%&$1(-'

@!$(8$%&$8#6%!6!/(7!%$#&#?%!+8(!*/*"7(8&6%'!
<++#(! 8(! 6%=7! 7! 68((7! #&+$#(7(:+8! V+! $(#7&>7+!
6%=7+! 7+! %$#&#M8+! 2/8! +8! =8+8*7(! 7&68+! 2/8! 8*7+!
7+!$%++7(!*/*"7('!
<Q#+68(!$(8$%&$8#6%+!/&#L8(+7#+0!&8$8++'(#%+0!
8! 2/8! (8$(8+8&67(! 7! $(,$(#7! L#(6/=8'! =%(! 6%=7!
$7(68! 8&+#&7:+8! V+! $(#7&>7+! (8$%&+8$8(! /(! "8/+!
(8(/&8(7=%(! 8! L#&"7=%(3! 7! (8+$8#67(0! 7! 7(7(! +8/!
$7#! 8! +/7! (?83! 7! $%&+#=8(7(! %! (%/.%! $%(%! /(!
$(#(80! 7! (8&6#(7! #&68(8++7=7! $%(%! /(! LJ$#%0!
7&68+!2/8!8*7+!$%++7(!7=#L#&+7(!%!2/8!L8(!7!+8(!
/(!LJ$#%!8!/(7!L#(6/=8'!
N'! $%#+! ,6#(%+! $(8$%&$8#6%+T! +?%! %+! 2/8! %!
*/*"7(8&6%!(76#-#$7!2/7&=%!+8!(7$#%$#&7'!
18&6#(8&6%!&?%!6!(8(%!$(8$%&$8#6%0!6!7*"/(7!
$%#+7! (/#6%! (7#+! -%(68'! C(7! (?8! &?%! 7(7!7!+8/!
-#*+%! $%(2/8! +8! *+8! =#++8! 2/8! %! =8L8! 7(7(3! 8*7! %!
2/8(!8Q6(8(%+7(8&68!(8+(%!$%&6(7!+/7!L%&67=8'!
5?%! 6! 7.+%*/67(8&68! $%(! $(8$%&$8#6%! 2/8! $%((8#+!
8(!+%$%((%!=8!/(7!$(#7&>7!=8+$%&+8$#=7!$(8+68+!
7!$7#(!&/(!$(8$#$J$#%!%/!7!+8(!=8L%(7=7!$%(!/(7!
-8(7'!
[!$%(6(!$%(!$(8$%&$8#6%!2/8!(8+$8#67(8#+!/(!
+%(8(! (8L8+6#=%! =8! $8(6%+! +'.#6%+0! 7&=7&=%!
"(7L8(8&680! -7*7&=%! =7! (8+(7! -%((7'! 5%++%+!

401
$7#+! L%+! =#++8(7(! 2/8! =8LJ8#+! #&$*#&7(:L%+! =#7&68!
=8++8! +%(8(T! L,+! %! (8+$8#67#+! 7&68+! =8! +7.8(! +8!
(8(8$8! L%++%+! (8+$8#6%+3! $(8+$8#+! 8(! #=7=8! 8!
$%&+8$#(8&6%+! A! $8($8.8#+! 2/8! 8++8! +%(8(! 6!
/(! $+7(*76?%! 8($8=8(&#=%! =8! %("/*+%0! =8!
#&68(8++8! 8! 7(6#-J$#%3! =8+$(8G7#+! %! 2/8!
(8L8(8&$#'L8#+0! 8! %! $(8$%&$8#6%! $8=8! */"7(! 7%!
*/*"7(8&6%'! <$(8=#67+68+! $%(! $(8$%&$8#6%! &7+!
-'./*7+! $%(! 2/8! 8(.7*7(7(! L%++7! #&-R&$#73!
=#++8(7(:L%+! 2/8! %+! 6#6?+! (%L8(7(! "/8((7! 7%+!
=8/+8+! 8! 2/8! 5K&/+! -%#! 7(7&68! =8! <=,&#+3! 7%+!
=%G8! 7&%+! 6%(7+68+! 67#+! -'./*7+! $%(! L8(=7=8+0!
7"%(70! 7%+! L#&68! 7&%+0! $%(%! 7*8"%(#7+!
8&"8&+%+7+'!
<Q7(#&8(%+! 8(! $%/$7+! $7*7L(7+! 7+!
=#-8(8&68+! 8+$6$#8+! =8! $(8$%&$8#6%+0! 7! -#(! =8! $O(!
&%++%+!&8",$#%+!8(!%(=8('!18(8(%+0!67*L8G0!$%(%!
72/8*8+! 2/80! &%! 68($%! =%! +#+68(7! =8! E7)0!
$8($8.8(7(! 2/8! 6#&+7(! $7*$/*7=%! (#2/8G7+!
#(7"#&'(#7+'!
3-1,)2,1.7)*'()*'*127.()*'

5?%!6!$/(#%+%!2/8!&%++%+!%*+%+!&%+!8&"7&8(!
+8($(80! (8+(%! 2/7&=%! 68(%+! 7! (8*+%(! L#+67! =%!
(/&=%0! 8! 2/8! 7%! $%&6('(#%! &%++%+! %/L#=%+! &?%!
&%+! 8&"7&8(! &/&$7U! 18! L%++%! %/L#=%! .8(!
$%&-%((7=%! %/L#(T! A! ,1%#+! .8*70! 8/! L%+! 7(%04!
8+67#+! .8(! $8(67! =8! 2/8! &?%! L%+! =#++8(7(! A!
,@=8#%:L%+0!+%#+!-8#74'!#7+!L8=8+!/(!8+$8*+%!*#+%T!
8+6'! =8(%&+6(7=%! 2/8! L%+! 8&"7&7#+0! 6! /(7!
402
+/$8(-J$#8! (/#6%! =8+#"/7*'! 58=8+! %! 1%*! $%(! (7#+!
%/!(8&%+!=%#+!$6+!=8!=#R(86(%T!8+6'!=8(%&+6(7=%!
2/8! 8*8! 6! /(! (#*+?%! =8! L8G8+! (7#%(! =%! 2/8! 7!
-8((7'!
=7(8$8! 2/8! "8/+! 68&+7! $%+6%! 7! L8(=7=8! 8(!
L%++%+! %/L#=%+! 8! %! 8((%! 8(!L%++%+!%*+%+3!8+6/=7#!
$%(6(! 7! ,6#$70! L8(8#+! 2/8! "8/+! &?%! L%+! 8&"7&%/!
=8! -%((7! 7*"/(70! 8! 2/8! 6! #($%++JL8*! 2/8! %+!
%.*86%+! L%+! $7(8>7(! =#-8(8&68+! =%! 2/8! %+! $%=8#+!
L8(!&%!8+67=%!$(8+8&68!=7+!$%#+7+'!
3-1,)2,1.7)*'/0*.,)*'

@! 1%*! +8! 8("/80! 7! E/7! 67(.6(0! 7! -8((7! 8+6'!


#(,L8*T! A! 8#+! 7J! $(8$%&$8#6%+! -J+#$%+! &76/(7#+'!
#7+! 2/8! 7+! *7"%+67+! +8*7(! .%7+! $7(7! %! +7&"/80!
$%#+!8+67&=%!$%G#=7+!+?%!L8((8*+7+!$%(%!8*83!2/8!
7+!8&"/#7+!$/(8(!7!$7(7*#+#70!$%#+!+8!7"#67(3!2/8!
7! E/7! #&-*/7! &7+! &%++7+! =%8&>7+0! $%#+! /(! =#7!
%.+8(L%/:+8! 2/8! /(! =%8&68! 68L8! /(! 7/(8&6%! =8!
-8.(8! =/(7&68! %! $/(+%! =7! E/7T! 8++7+! #=6#7+0! 8!
(#*+7(8+! =8! %/6(7+0! +?%! 8((%+! =8! L8*+%+!
$+7(*76?8+0! 2/8! */*"7(7(! +8(! (7$#%$#&7(! 8! 2/80!
8&"7&7&=%:+80!8&"7&7(7(!%+!%/6(%+'!
3-1,)2,1.7)*'4.*78-.,)*'

<! (7#%(#7! =7+! +#+6,(#7+! -%(7(! $(#=7+! +8(!


8Q7(80! 8! 8++7! $(8&>7! 6! /(! $(8$%&$8#6%'! )'.#%!
=#$6%(!(8*767!2/80!(/#6%+!+6$/*%+!7&68+!=8*80!/(7!
L8+67*!=7!$#=7=8!=8!<*.70!#&=%!./+$7(!'"/7!$%(!%!

403
+8/! $R&67(%0! -%#! L#%*7=7! 8! =8/! V! */G! 7! O(/*%! 8!
8(%0!2/8!8*8+!-%(7(!&/6(#=%+!$%(!/(7!*%.70!86$'!
@! $%L%! (%(7&%! 7$(8=#6%/! &8++7! -'./*73! &?%!
$8(=8/! 68($%! 8(! 8Q7(#&7(! +8! &72/8*8+! 68($%+!
8Q#+6#7(! L8+67#+! &%! E'$#%0! +8! 8(7! $%++JL8*! 2/8! 7!
-#*+7! =8! /(! (8#! +7J++8! =8! +8/! $%&L8&6%! $%(! +8/!
$R&67(%0! +8! 8(7! $(%L'L8*! 2/8! /(7! *%.7!
7(7(8&67++8! =%#+! (8&#&%+! 8(! L8G! =8! %+! $%(8(!
$%(%!-7G8(!6%=%+!%+!*%.%+'!<+67.8*8$8:+8!8&6?%!%!
$(8$%&$8#6%'!
C(!(%&"8!8+$(8L8/!2/8!!*%L#+0!8+67&=%!&/(!
"(7&=8! $8(#"%! &7! .767*+7! =8! -%*.#7$0! -8G! L%6%! =8!
+8!6%(&7(!$(#+6?%!+8!$%&+8"/#++8!8+$7$7(3!6!$%(6(!
&76/(7*! 2/8! /(7! $8++%7! +8! =#(#*7! 7! /(! =8/+!
8+6(7&"8#(%! 8(! 67*! %$7+#?%U! 5?%! 6! $(8$#+7(8&68!
&/(! (%(8&6%! =8++8+! 2/8! 7! (8*#"#?%! &7! 2/7*! +8!
&7+$8/! 7"8! (7#+! -%(68(8&68U! Y/7*! 6! %! $(#+6?%!
2/80! &/(7! .767*+7! $%&6(7! %+! 6/($%+0! &?%! +8!
=#(#"#('! 7&68+! V! 17&67! 5#("8(! 2/8! 7! #7-%(7U!
<$(8+$8&67:+8! 2/8! /(! $'++7(%! *8L%/! 7! +7&67!
7($%*7! 8(! +8/! .#$%! 7! -#(! =8! /&"#(! !*%L#+! 8! 2/8!
/(!7&*%!6(%/Q8!7!7/(#-*R(/*7!$7(7!%!$%&=/G#('!@!
$(8$%&$8#6%! $(K! 8(! 6%=7+! 7+! +#+6%(#867+! =8++8!
"K&8(%'! @+! 2/8! $%&+8$8(! 7! &76/(8G7! +/(7&7!
+7.8(! 2/8! %! /+/($7=%(! !*%L#+! 8! %! /+/($7=%(!
%*?%! %/! %*! +8! 6%(&7(7(! $(#+6?%+! $7(7! "%L8(&7(!
(7#+! +8"/(7(8&68! 7! $(#+6?%+0! $%(%! %+!
/+/($7=%(8+! 6/($%+! +8! 6%(&7(7(! (/>/*(7&%+!
$7(7!"%L8(&7(!(7#+!+8"/(7(8&68!%+!(/>/*(7&%+'!

404
3-1,)2,1.7)*'-19.3.)*)*'

18! L%++7! +#&7! L%+! $%&6%/! 2/8! !8(8+! $(8+#=8!


7%!6(#"%!%/!2/8!5#$+&\!8!c7$7!+8!6(7&+-%((7(7(!
8(! +%(8&+! L'(#7+! L8G8+0! %/! 2/8! 17(%&%$%=%(!
L8#%! =8+6(/#(! /(7! -*%(8+670! %/! 2/8! @=#&! L%+!
8+$8(7! 8(! +/7! +7*7! *'! &7! 7/6*R&=#70! %/! 2/8!
#7-%(7! %/! %/6(%! 2/7*2/8(! -8G! /(7! L#7"8(! 7%!
$6/3! 8&-#(! +8! L%++%! $(8$8$6%(! L8(! 8(! +8"/#=7!
(8-/&=7(! 8(! L%++%! $6(8.(%! %! 2/8! L%++7! 7(7! 7J!
"(7L%/0! 68&=8+! $%(! 2/8! L%+! =#L8(6#(! $7(7! %! (8+6%!
=7! L#=7'! 5%++%! */*"7(8&6%! 2/8(! 8*8L7(:+8! $%&6(7!
67#+! $(8$%&$8#6%+3! L%++%+! L#G#&+%+0! 8! +%.(86/=%!
L%++7+!L#G#&+7+0!.8((7(!$%&6(7!7!#($#8=7=80!8!L%+!
7++/+67(3! L%++%! =8(LJ+0! 68(8&=%! L8(! =#(#&/J=7+!
7+!+/7+!(8&=7+0!=8&/&$#7:L%+!7%!$7=#0!8!8++8!$7=#!
L%+! (7&=7! 8($7*7(! +8! %! $/=8(0! $%(2/7&6%! %! +8/!
=8+8*%! 6! (7&=7(! +%.(8! #=#%67+0! 8! $(K! 2/8! %+!
#=#%67+!%.8=8$8(!(8*+%(!=%!2/8!%+!%/6(%+'!<!8++8!
8+67=%!=8!$%#+7+!=/(7('!766!2/8!L%++%+!L#G#&+%+!8!
%! =8(LJ+! 8! %! $7=#! $%(8$8(! 7! $%($(88&=8(! 2/8! 7!
$(86#&#$8! &?%! +8(L8! $7(7! $%#+7! 7*"/(7! 8! 2/8! 7!
$8(+8"/#>?%!6!7.%(#&'L8*'!

405
*&,$7$5('

3-.51.-+':'1*7;)'

@! .#+$%! =8! 8*%$8+68(0! W7(./(6%&0! 7/6%(! =8!


/(7!=7+!(7#+!+'.#7+!%.(7+!2/8!*'!+8!8+$(8L8(7(0!
7++#(!+8!8Q$(#(80!$'"#&7!;0!6%(%!/%'T!
,C(7! (8*#"#?%0! /(7! +%$#8=7=8! 2/8! &?%! 8+6'!
-/&=7=7!+%.(8!7!$(8&>7!&/(7!%/6(7!L#=7!=8L8!+8(!
+/+6#=7! $%(! /(7! $(%L#=K&$#7! 8Q6(7%(=#&'(#7'! @!
*/=7J+(%!&?%!8+6'!-/&=7=%!+%.(8!7!$(8&>7!&/(7!
%/6(7! L#=73! $%(67&6%! %! */=7J+(%! -%#! +/+6#=%! $%(!
/(7!$(%L#=K&$#7!8Q6(7%(=#&'(#74'!
5'(#%+! 68,*%"%+! +8! 8("/8(7(! $%&6(7! 8*83! 8!
$%(%! +8! (86%(2/8(! 6%=%+! %+! 7("/(8&6%+0!
(86%(2/#(7(!%!+8/3!=#++8(7(:*+8T!
,-%=7! (8*#"#?%! 2/8! &?%! 8+6#L8(! .7+87=7! +%.(8!
%! =%"(7! =7! #(%(67*#=7=8! =7! 7*(7! 8! +%.(8! 7+!
$8&7+! 8! (8$%($8&+7+! 868(&7+! 6! &8$8++7(#7(8&68!
-7*+73! %(70! %! */=7J+(%! &?%! $%&+8$8/! 8++8+!
=%"(7+3! $%(67&6%! %! */=7J+(%0! *%&"8! =8! +8(!
+/+6#=%! $8*7! =(%L#=K&$#70! 8(70! +8"/&=%! L%++%+!
$(#&$J$#%+0! /(7! (8*#"#?%! -7*+7! 8! .'(.7(7! 2/8!
767$7L7!7!=(%L#=K&$#74'!
<++8! .#+$%! 68L8! 7*"/&+! 7=L8(+'(#%+! 2/8! *+8!
7-#((7(7(! 2/8! 7! #(%(67*#=7=8! =7! 7*(7! 8(7!
$%&+8$#=7! 8&6(8! %+! */=8/+0! &%+! $(,$(#%+! 68($%+!

406
=8! #%#+6+3! 8*8! *+8+! $(%L%/! $%(6(! (/#!
8L#=8&68(8&68! 2/8! &8(! %! "8$'*%"%0! &8(! %!
E8LJ6#$%0!&8(!%!"8/68(%&O(#%!6#&+7(!/(7!\&#$7!
$7*7L(7! 7! (8+$8#6%! =8++7! $(8&>70! 8! 2/8! 6! (#=J$/*%!
$(868&=8(!6/(L7(!8!$%((%($8(!7*"/(7+!$7++7"8&+!
=%+! %/6(%+! *#L(%+! $7(7! $%&$*/#(! =7J! /(7! L8(=7=8!
2/8! &?%! 8+6'! 7.+%*/67(8&68! 7&/&$#7=7! &%! *#L(%!
=7!*8#'!
@!+8&+%(!.#+$%0!68&=%!8+$(#6%!2/76(%!L%*/(8+!
$7(7! =8(%&+6(7(! 2/8! 7! *8#! */=7#$7! &?%! $(%$/&+7!
&8(! $8&7+! &8(! (8$%($8&+7+! =8$%#+! =7! (%(680!
*7(7#+! $O=8! (8+$%&=8(! 7! +8/+! 7=L8(+'(#%+! =8!
(7&8#(7! +76#+-76,(#7'! <+68+! *+8! =#G#7(T! ,@/!
#%#+6+! $%&+8$#7! 8++8! =%"(7! 8! 8&6?%! 8&"7&%/! %+!
*/=8/+! &?%! %! (7&#-8+67&=%3! %/! #"&%(7L7:%0! 8!
&8++8! $7+%! &?%! 6#&+7! $%&+8$#(8&6%+! +/-#$#8&68+!
$7(7! -%((7(! /(7! .%7! (8*#"#?%'! !%(! 8-8#6%0! +8! 7!
(8*#"#?%! -%++8! .%70! $%(! 2/8! 68(#7! +#=%! 7.%*#=7U!
C(7! (8*#"#?%! L8(=7=8#(7! =8L8! +8(! $7(7! 6%=%+! %+!
68($%+!8!6%=%+!%+!*/"7(8+3!8*7!=8L8('!+8(!$%(%!7!
*/G!=%!1%*!2/8!#*/(#&7!6%=%+!%+!$%L%+!8!6%=7+!7+!
"8(7>M8+4'!
<++8! $(8*7=%0! $%(! 8+$*7(8$#=%! 2/8! -%++80! 68L8!
(/#6%!6(7.7*+%!8(!+8!*#L(7(!=8!6%=7+!8++7+!=#-J$8#+!
$(%$%+#>M8+3! $%(6(! 2/7*! %! +#+68(7! #+8&6%! =8!
=#-#$/*=7=8+X!
-13'2(+':'1*7;)'

407
@/6(%! +'.#%! (/#6%! (7#+! -#*%+,-#$%0! 2/8! 6! /(!
=%+! (7#+! $(%-/&=%+! =8! &%++%+! =#7+0! 7$(8+8&67!
-%(68+! (7GM8+! $7(7! $(%L7(! 2/8! %! $%*#68J+(%! -%#! 7!
$(#(8#(7! (8*#"#?%! =%+! +%(8&+0! 8! 2/8! +8! $%(8>%/!
$%(!$(8(!8(!L'(#%+!=8/+8+!7&68+!2/8!7!(7G?%!-%++8!
+/-#$#8&68(8&68! 8+$*7(8$#=7! $7(7! &?%! (8$%&+8$8(!
+8&?%!/(!<&68!1/$(8(%'!
@/+%!$(8(0!7%!$%&6('(#%0!2/8!+8!$(#&$#$#%/!$%(!
(8$%&+8$8(! /(! \&#$%! "8/+0! 8! 2/8! 8(! +8"/#=7! 7!
-(72/8G7!+/(7&7!7=%6%/!L'(#%+!=8*8+3!8!8#+!$%(%!
$%&$8.%!7!$%#+7T!
[! #&=/.#6'L8*! +7L8(8(! 8Q#+6#=%! ./("%+! 7&68+!
2/8!+8!$%&+6(/J++8(!"(7&=8+!$#=7=8+0!8!2/8!6%=%+!
%+! +%(8&+! -%(7(! =#L#=#=%+! 8(! (8$\.*#$7+! 7&68+!
=8!+8(!(8/&#=%+!8(!"(7&=8+!#($6(#%+'!
[! .8(! &76/(7*! 2/8! /(! ./("%! 768(%(#G7=%!
$8*%!6(%L?%0!7-*#"#=%!$8*7!$8(=7!=8!+/7+!$%*+8#67+0!
(7*6(767=%! $8*%! ./("%! L#G#&+%0! +8&6#&=%! 6%=%+! %+!
=#7+! 7! $(,$(#7! -(72/8G70! $(8++8&6#&=%! $%(! 6%=7!
$7(68! /(! $%=8(! #&L#+JL8*0! 68&+7! 68((#&7=%! $%(!
=#G8(T! ,<Q#+68! 7*"/(! +8(! 7$#(7! =8! &,+! 2/8! &%+!
$7/+7!.8&+!8!(7*8+4'!
=7(8$8:(8! #($%++JL8*! 2/8! 68&+7! =#6%T! ,N'!
=%#+! $%=8(8+4'! =%(! 2/8! L'(#%+U! =(#&$#$#7:+8!
+8($(8!$8*%!+#($*8+0!8(!+8"/#=7!L8(!%!$%($%+6%!
8! 7(#\=80! 8&-#(0! L%*67:+8! 7%! +#($*8+! (8($K! =8!
*/G8+! +/$8(#%(8+'! -7*! 6! 7! (7($+7! =%! 8+$J(#6%!
+/(7&%'!

408
Y/7*! 6! 8++8! 8&68! 2/8! +8! 68(#7! #&L%$7=%! 7!
$(#&$J$#%U! 18(#7! %! 1%*U! 18(#7! 7! E/7U! 5?%! $(8#%'!
<Q7(#&8(%+! %! 2/8! +8! $7++7! 8&6(8! 7+! $(#7&>7+3!
(8$(8+8&67(!(7#+!%/!(8&%+!%!2/8!+?%!%+!+%(8&+!
#"&%(7&68+'! 5?%! $8($8.8(! 7! .8*8G7! &8(! 7!
/6#*#=7=8!=%!7+6(%!2/8!7&#(7!7!&76/(8G70!&8(!%+!
+%$%((%+!2/8!7!E/7!&%+!$(8+670!&8(!7+!L7(#7>M8+!
(8"/*7(8+! =%! +8/! $/(+%3! &?%! %! $8&+7(0! 8+6?%!
(/#6%! 7$%+6/(7=7+! 7! 6%=7+! 8++7+! $%#+7+'! 5?%! +8!
7=%(70!&?%!+8!$(K!+8&?%!72/#*%!2/8!+8!68(83!6%=7+!
7+! $(#7&>7+! %*+7(! $7(7! %! $6/! $%(! #&=#-8(8&>73!
(7+! 8+6(/*7! %! 6(%L?%! 8! 8*7+! 6(8(8(?%0! #(?%! +8!
8+$%&=8('!
18(! =\L#=70! %+! $(#(8#(%+! +%(8&+! 7"#(7(! =8!
-%((7!#=K&6#$7'!<$8&7+!/(7+!8+$6$#8+!=8!-#*,+%-%+!
2/8! 7++#&7*7(7(! %! $/(+%! =%+! 7+6(%+! 8&+#&7(7(!
67(.6(! 7! 7=(#(7>?%! 8! 7=%(7>?%3! %+! $/*6#L7=%(8+!
+#($*8+! 8! +8(! */G! 7*"/(7! &?%! $%&+8$#7(! %!
.7+67&68!$7(7!$8(-#*+7(!6?%!&%.(8!8((%'!
=%(67&6%0!/(7!7*=8#7!68(:+8:'!*#(#67=%!7!=#G8(T!
,N'! /(7! $%6K&$#7! 2/8! 6(%L8*70! 2/8! 76#(7! &8L8!
+%.(8! &,+0! 2/8! -7G! (%((8(! &%++%+! -#*+%+T!
7$7*(8(%:*73! (7+! $%(%U! 58(%+! 2/8! 7$7*(7(%+!
$%(! $82/8&%+! $(8+8&68+! 7! $,*8(7! =7+! $8++%7+!
#((#67=7+T!-7>7(%+!$%#+!$82/8&%+!$(8+8&68+!7!8++7!
$%6K&$#7'! [! 67(.6(! $(8$#+%! =7(:*+8! /(! &%(8'!@!
$(#(8#(%! 2/8! +8! %-8(8$8! 6! %! =8! !+8-80! "%&%0!
18&+%(3!8++7!$%6K&$#7!6!$%#+!$+7(7=7!18&+%('![!
$(%L7L8*(8&68! 7! (7G?%! $8*7! 2/7*! %+! $(#(8#(%+!

409
8"J$$#%+! $+7(7(7(! 7%! +8/! =8/+! h&8-3! %+! +J(#%+0!
<=%&7#3!%+!$%L%+!L#G#&+%+0!%77*!%/!%8*0!%/!#8*$+0!
%/! #%*%$+3! %+! $#67+0! =7$8/T! $7*7L(7+! 2/8!
+#"&#-#$7(!18&+%(0!#8+6(8'!
)%#! 7++#(! 2/8! +8! 8&$%&6(%/! 2/7+8! 6%=7! 7!
<(6(#$7! =#L#=#=7! &/(7! (/*6#=?%! =8! $82/8&7+!
$%$/*7>M8+0! 68&=%! 6%=7+! +8/! =8/+! $(%686%('! @+!
$(,$(#%+! (8Q#$7&%+0! %+! $8(/L#7&%+0! 2/8! 8(7(!
"(7&=8+! &7>M8+0! 6#&+7(! 7$8&7+! /(! =8/+T! /&+!
7=%(7L7(! #7&$%! !7$72/80! %/6(%+! %! =8/+! =7!
"/8((7'! @+! (8Q#$7&%+! =7L7(! 7%! +8/! =8/+!
"/8((8#(%! %! &%(8! =8! 5#6G*#$/-G*#0! 7++#(! $%(%! %+!
+8.(8/+! +7L#7(! $%"&%(#&7=%! %! +8/! +8&+%(! =8!
17.7%6+'!
5?%!6!$%(!/(7!(7G?%!+/$8(#%(!8!$/*6#L7=7!2/8!
6%=%+! %+! $%L%+! $%(8>7(7(! 7! (8$%&+8$8(! /(7!
\&#$7! =#L#&=7=8'! 18! 6#L8++8(! +#=%! -#*,+%-%+0!
68(#7(!7=%(7=%!%!=8/+!=8!6%=7!7!&76/(8G70!8!&?%!
%! =8/+! =8! /(7! 7*=8#73! 68(#7(! 8Q7(#&7=%! 8++7+!
(8*7>M8+! #&-#&#67+! =8! 6%=%+! %+! +8(8+0! 2/8! $(%L7(!
/(! 8&68! $(#7=%(! 8! $%&+8(L7=%(3! $%(6(! 8*8+! &?%!
8Q7(#&7(7(! &7=70! 8*8+! +8&6#(7('! <J! 8+6'! %!
$(%"(8++%! =8! &%++%! -('"#*! 8&68&=#(8&6%3! $7=7!
./("%!+8&6#/!+/7!-(72/8G7!8!7!&8$8++#=7=8!=8!/(!
-%(68!$(%686%('!B(7"#&%/!8++8!+8(!6/68*7(!8!68((JL8*!
(8+#=#&=%!&7!-*%(8+67!L#G#&+70!%/!&7!(%&67&+70!%/!
&/(7!&/L8('!<$8&7+!#(7"#&%/!/(!+,!=8/+0!$%#+!
%! ./("%! &?%! 6#&+7! +8&?%! /(! $+8-8! &7! "/8((7'!
B(7"#&%/:%! $%($%(7*0! $%(2/8! 8(7! #($%++JL8*!

410
-#"/(':*%! =8! %/6(7! -%((7'! 5?%! $%=#7! $(8(! 2/8! %!
./("%!L#G#&+%!&?%!6#L8++8!67(.6(!%!+8/!=8/+'!<#+!
$%(! 2/8! 78-66! =#++8! 7%+! +7.#67&68+! =8! #%7.8T!
,=%++/J+! *8"#6#(7(8&68! %! 2/8! L%++%! =8/+! !7(%+!
L%+! -8G! $%&2/#+67(3! =8L8#+! =8#Q7(:&%+! "%G7(! =%+!
.8&+! 2/8! &%++%! =8/+! &%+! $%&$8=8/! $%(! +/7+!
L#6,(#7+4.1/3'!
-7#+! $7*7L(7+! =#67+! $%(! /(! 8+6(7&"8#(%! 7!
%/6(%+! 8+6(7&"8#(%+! +?%! &%6'L8#+'! @+! */=8/+! 8! %+!
(%7.#67+! 6#&+7(! =8+7$%++7=%! %+! &76/(7#+! =%!
$7J+3! /&+! 8! %/6(%+! 7$8&7+! 6#&+7(! %! =#(8#6%! =7!
-%(>70!8!/&+!=#++8(7(!7%+!%/6(%+T!A!,5%++%!"8/+!
L%+! $(%68"8/! 8(! L%++7! /+/($7>?%0! 6%*8(7#! 7"%(7!
2/8!&%++%!"8/+!&%+!$(%68*7!&7!&%++74'!
78(8(#7+! 8! <(%+! $8("/&67(7(! /(! 7%! %/6(%!
,2/8! (7G?%! 68L8! %! =8/+! #8*$%(! $7(7! +8! 7$%=8(7(!
=%! $7J+! =8! 87=84'! =7(8$8! 8L#=8&680! $%(! 8++7+!
$7++7"8&+0!2/8!7!7&6#"/#=7=8!76(#./J7!7!$7=7!$7J+!
/(! "8/+! $(%686%('! <&$%&6(7(:+8! 7#&=7! +%*8!
L8+6J"#%+!=8++7!68%*%"#7!8(!N%(8(%'!
[! .8(! &76/(7*! 2/8! +7L8&=%:+8! 72/8$#=%! 7!
#(7"#&7>?%! =%+! +%(8&+! 8! 68&=%! +8/! 8+$J(#6%!
7=2/#(#=%! $%&+8$#(8&6%+! $%&-/+%+0! 68&+7(! 8*8+!
(/*6#$*#$7=%!+8/+!=8/+8+0!8!8+6#$/*7=%!$(%686%(8+!
$7(7! %+! 8*8(8&6%+0! (7(8+0! -*%(8+67+0! -%&68+0!
$7($%+'! Y/7&6%! (7#+! 8Q7(#&7(7(! %+! 7+6(%+0!
(7#+! -%(7(! -8(#=%+! $8*7! 7=(#(7>?%'! =%=8(:+8:'!
&?%!7=%(7(!%!1%*0!2/7&=%!+8!7=%(7!7!=#L#&=7=8!=8!

411
/(!(#.8#(%U!"8+=8!2/8!%!$(#(8#(%!$7++%!-%#!=7=%0!
7! 68((7! 8(! .(8L8! -%#! $%.8(67! =8! =8/+8+3! 8! 8&-#(!
=8+$8:+8!=%+!7+6(%+!7%+!"76%+!8!V+!$8.%*7+'!
<&6(867&6%! 6! $(8$#+%! 2/8! 7! (7G?%! +8!
7$8(-8#>%83!%!68($%!-%((70!8&-#(0!%+!-#*,+%-%+!2/8!
$8($8.8(!2/8!&8(!7+!$8.%*7+0!&8(!%+!"76%+0!&8(!
(8+(%! %+! 7+6(%+! $%&$8(67(7(! 7! %(=8(! =7!
&76/(8G7'! -%=%+! 8++8+! -#*,+%-%+! .7.#*O&#$%+0!
$8(+7+0!8"J$$#%+0!$#67+0!"(8"%+!8!(%(7&%+!7=(#68(!
/(!"8/+!+/$(8(%!(8(/&8(7=%(!8!L#&"7=%('!
<*8+! &?%! %! =#G8(! 7! $(#&$J$#%! 7%! $%L%T! $%#+!
2/8(! -7*7++8! (7*! =7+! $8.%*7+! 8! =%+! "76%+! =#7&68!
=7+!L8*+7+!8!=%+!$7=(8+!68(#7!+#=%!*7$#=7=%3!2/8(!
2/8(! 2/8! (8$(%$+7++8! 7%+! 8"J$$#%+! %! -76%! =8!
$%(8(8(! %+! +8/+! =8/+8+0! 7$7.7(#7! +8&=%! 8*8!
$(,$(#%! =8L%(7=%0! $%(%0! =8! -8#6%0! 7/L8&7*! &%+!
(8*767! 2/8! /(! 8"J$$#%! -%#! (%(6%! 8! $%(#=%!
$%($*867(8&68! $(/! &/(7! =#+$/67! =8!
$%&6(%L6(+#7.193'!
#7+!2/8!+8!-8GU!@(-8/!8!%/6(%+!8+67.8*8$8(7(!
(#+66(#%+0!2/8!%+!#&#$#7=%+!$(%(868(7(!(8=#7&68!
*/(7(8&6%+! 8Q8$('L8#+! &/&$7! (8L8*7(0! 8! %!
$(#&$#$7*! =8++8+! (#+66(#%+! 6! 7! 7=%(7>?%! =8! /(!
\&#$%!"8/+'!<++7!"(7&=8!L8(=7=8!$8&86(7!(867=8!
=7!68((73!%!&\(8(%!=%+!#&#$#7=%+!6%(&7:+8!#(8&+%'!
[!L8(=7=8!2/8!7!7&6#"7!(8*#"#?%!+8($(8!+/.+#+6#/3!
(7+0!$%(%!&?%!6!$%&6('(#7!7%!=%"(7!=7!/&#=7=8!
=8! "8/+0! =8#Q7:+8! 2/8! +/.+#+67'! <! $%(! 2/8! 7.%*#:

412
*7U! @+! (%(7&%+! (8$%&+8$8(! %! "8/+! %$6#(/+!
(7Q#(/+3! %+! "(8"%+! 6K(! %! +8/! `8/+0! +8/! "8/+!
+/$(8(%'!-%=7+!7+!%/6(7+!=#L#&=7=8+!+?%!7$8&7+!
#&68((8=#'(#7+T!#($8(7=%(8+!8!(8#+!+?%!#&+67*7=%+!
&%!$%+6%!=8!=8/+8+0!#+6%!60!=8!.8(:7L8&6/(7=%+3!6!
$%(6(! $8(6%! 2/8! !*'/=#%0! @6'L#%0! -#.6(#%! 8!
!7*J"/*7!&?%!+?%!$%&+#=8(7=%+!$%(%!$(#7=%(8+!=%!
$6/!8!=7!68((7'!
5/(7!$7*7L(70!$7(8$8!$(%L7=%!2/80!&%!68($%!
=8! </"/+6%0! 6%=%+! %+! 2/8! 6#L8++8(! /(7! (8*#"#?%!
(8$%&+8$#7(! /(! "8/+! +/$8(#%(0! 868(&%0! 8! L'(#7+!
%(=8&+! =8! =8/+8+! +8$/&='(#%+0! $/*%! $/*6%! -%#!
$+7(7=%!(7#+!67(=8!#=%*76(#7'!
@+! */=8/+! *7(7#+! -%(7(! #=,*76(7+T! $%(2/80!
&?%! %.+67&68! 68(8(! 7=(#6#=%! 7*"/&+! (7*7&+#(0!
7&*%+0! +8(8+! $8*8+68+! =8! /(7! $768"%(#7! #&-8(#%(0!
+/7! *8#! &?%! %(=8&7L7! =8! -%((7! 7*"/(7! 2/8! 67#+!
=#L#&=7=8+!+8$/&='(#7+!6#L8++8(!$/*6%!8&6(8!8*8+'!
<=%(7L7(!%+!7&*%+0!6!L8(=7=80!#+6%!60!$(%+6(7L7(:
+8! =#7&68! =8*8+! 2/7&=%! .8(! 8&68&=#7(3! (7+0!
$%(%!#+6%!&?%!+/$8=#7!$%(!-(82ZK&$#70!&?%!+7L#7!
$8(#(%&#7*! &8(! $/*6%! 8+67.8*8$#=%! $7(7! 8*8+'! @+!
2/8(/.#&+! =7! 7($7! &?%! (8$8.#7(! +%(8&7"8(!
7*"/(7'! <(7! $%+6/(8! 7=%(7(8(! %+! */=8/+!
7.8(67(8&68! /(! \&#$%! "8/+0! 7++#(! $%(%! 7!
(/*6#=?%! #&/(8('L8*! =%+! #&#$#7=%+! %! 7=%(7L7(!
+8$(867(8&68!8(!+8/+!(#+66(#%+'!
11-,1.-+':'1*7;)'

413
)%#! 7%! 68($%! 8(! 2/8! %! $/*6%! =8! /(! "8/+!
+/$(8(%! 8+67L7! /&#L8(+7*(8&68! 8+67.8*8$#=%! &7!
%$#&#?%!=8!6%=%+!%+!+'.#%+0!&7!D+#70!&7!</(%$7!8!
&7! D-(#$70! 2/8! 7! (8*#"#?%! $(#+6?! &7+$8/! 8! +8!
=8+8&L%*L8/'!
@! $*76%&#+(%! 7/Q#*#%/! .7+67&68! 7!
$%($(88&+?%! =8! 67#+! =%"(7+'! @! E%"%+0! 2/8! $7(7!
=*76?%! +#"&#-#$7L7! 7! +7$#K&$#70! 7! (7G?%! =%! 18(!
1/$(8(%0!6%(&%/:+8!8(!&%++%+!68($%+!%!58(.%!8!
/(7! +8"/&=7! $8++%7! =8! "8/+'! C(7! (867-J+#$7!
$(%-/&=7! 8! 7$#(7! =7! #&68*#"K&$#7! +/(7&7!-%#!/(!
+7&6/'(#%! #&7$8++JL8*! &%! 2/7*! +8! =8+8&L%*L8/! 7!
(8*#"#?%'!
5?%! $(%$/(8(%+! (8$86#(! 72/#! $%(%! #7(#7! -%#!
=8$*7(7=7! (?8! =8! "8/+0! $%(%! +8! 8+67.8*8$8/! 7!
$%&+/.+67&$#7*#=7=8! =%! =7#! 8! =%! 58(.%! 8! 7!
$(%$8++?%! =%! =&8/(70! ,("?%! =#L#&%! =%! =#L#&%!
E%"%+0! =/7+! &76/(8G7+! 8! =/7+! L%&67=8+!
(8+/*67&68+! =7! +#$,+67+80! 8! 8&-#(! 7! (7&=/$7>?%!
+/$8(#%(0! 7! 7*(7! &/6(#=7! 67*! $%(%! %! $%($%! =%+!
(8(.(%+!8!=%!+7&"/8!=%!N%(8(:"8/+!7=%(7=%!8!
$%(#=%! +%.! 7! -%((7! =%! $?%0! $(8+8&68! 7%+! %*+%+0!
+8&+JL8*!7%!$7*7=7(0!8!$%&6/=%!7&/*7=%'!-%=%+!%+!
(#+66(#%+!-%(7(!+/.*#(8+'!
!%(8>%/:+80! =8+=8! %! +8"/&=%! +6$/*%0! $%(!
8+$%&*/(7(! %+! =8(O&#%+! 8(! &%(8! =8! 78+/+3!
=8$%#+! +8! 8Q$/*+7L7(! 8(! &%(8! =8! 78%L'! %/!
B+7+%T! $%#+! $%&67! 1'! #768/+! 2/8! 68&=%! %+!

414
#&#(#"%+! =8! 78+/+! =#6%! 2/8! 8*8! 8+$%&*/(7L7! %+!
=8(O&#%+!8(!&%(8!=%!$(J&$#$8!=%+!=8(O&#%+0!8*8!
*+8+! (8+$%&=8/T! ,18! 6! $%(! %8*G8.\! 2/8! 8/!
8+$%&*/(%! %+! =8(O&#%+0! 8(! &%(8! =8! 2/8(! %!
-7G8(!L%++%+!-#*+%+U4!
5?%! +8! +7.8! 8(! 2/8! 68($%! %+! */=8/+!
(8$%&+8$8(7(! $%(! $(J&$#$8! =%+! =8(O&#%+! 7!
%8*G8.\0! 2/8! 8(7! /(! "8/+! 8+6(7&"8#(%3! +7.8:+8!
$%(6(! .8! 6! 7%+6! 2/8(! &%:*%! =#G3! 2/8! +7L#7! 8(!
78(/+7*6(!8Q%($#+67+!8+$8$#7#+!$7(7!8+$%&*/(7(!%+!
=8(O&#%+! =%+! $%($%+! =%+! $%++8++%+0! #+6%! 60! =%+!
+%(8&+!767$7=%+!=8!=%8&>7+!+#&"/*7(8+0!7+!2/7#+!
+8! 76(#./J7(! 8&6?%! 8(! "(7&=8! $7(68! =7! 68((7! 7!
"K&#%+!(7*-8#6%(8+'!
<Q$%&*/(7L7(:+8! $%#+! %+! =8(O&#%+! $%(! 7!
L8(=7=8#(7!$(%&/&$#7>?%!=8!78%L'!+%*8!$8(=#=70!8!
$%(!%/6(7+!$8(#(O&#7+!8+2/8$#=7+!+%*8!8(!=#7'!
<++8! 8Q%($#+(%! $%(! 78%L'! %/! %/6(%+! &%(8+!
=8! "8/+! 8+67L7! 7#&=7! 8(! /+%! &%+! $(#(8#(%+!
+6$/*%+! =7! #"(8*7'! @(J"8&8+0! =#+$/67&=%! $%&6(7!
!8*+%0! =#G:*+80! &%'! 919T! ,180! #&L%$7&=%! "8/+! %/!
*/(7&=%! 8(! +8/! &%(80! $+7(7(:&%! %! "8/+! =8!
<.(7?%0!=8!B+72/8!8!=8!77$,0!7*"/(7!$%#+7!+'!=8!
+7L8(! &8++8+! &%(8+0! $/*7! &76/(8G7! 8! -%(>7! +?%!
67#+! 2/8! %+! =8(O&#%+! +8! +/.(868(! 7! 2/8(! %+!
$(%&/&$#73! (7+! +8! %! $+7(7(%+! $%(! %/6(%!
2/7*2/8(! &%(80! $%(%! "8/+! =%! (7(! 7(=8&680!
+/$*7&67=%(0! 8++8+! &%(8+! &?%! 68(?%! L#(6/=8'! @!

415
&%(8!=8!B+(78*!6(7=/G#=%!8(!"(8"%!&7=7!%$8(7('3!
$(%&/&$#7#:%! $%(6(! 8(! +8.(8/0! $%(! %+! %/6(%+!
68((%+! &8$8++'(#%+0! 8! #(8=#767(8&68! %$8(7(8#+! 7!
$%&*/(7>?%4'!
@! $(,$(#%! @(J"8&8+0! &%! &\(8(%! /90! =#G! 8+67+!
$7*7L(7+! &%6'L8#+T! ,N'! &%(8+! 2/8! 6K(! /(7!
L#(6/=8!&76/(7*0!$%(%!%+!2/8!8($(8"7(!%+!+'.#%+!
8&6(8! %+! 8"J$$#%+0! %+! (7"%+! =7! =6(+#70! %+!
.(R(7&8+! =7! P&=#7'! @! 2/8! $+7(7(%+! (7"#7! &?%!
6!/(7!7(68!L?!8!2/#(6(#$70!67*!$%(%!%!$(868&=8(!
%+! 8+6,#$%+! 8! %+! 8$#$/(#+67+T! &8(! %! &%(8! =8!
17.7%68!&8(!%!=8!<=%&7#!-%(7(!-8#6%+!$7(7!+8(8+!
$(#7=%+3!(7+!$8(68&$8(!7!/(7!68%*%"#7!(#+68(#%+7!
2/8!+8!*#"7!7%!!(#7=%(3!=8!*'!L8(!7!L#(6/=8!=8++8+!
&%(8+! 2/7&=%! $%%(=8&7=%+! 8! $(%&/&$#7=%+!
+8"/&=%!7+!(8"(7+0!86$'4'!
<++#(! -7*7&=%! @(J"8&8+! &?%! 7$(8+8&67! +8/!
+8&6#(8&6%! $7(6#$/*7(T! 8Q$(#(8! 7! %$#&#?%!
/&#L8(+7*'! -%=7+! 7+! (8*#"#M8+! 8&6?%! $%&+8$#=7+!
7=(#6#7(! /(7! 8+$6$#8! =8! (7"#73! =#+6#&"/#7:+8! 7!
(7"#7!$8*8+68!8!7!(7"#7!#&-8(&7*0!7!&8$(%(7&$#7!8!
7! 68/("#7T! 6/=%! 7J! 8(7! $(%=J"#%0! 7=#L#&+7>?%0!
%('$/*%'! @+! $8(+7+! &?%! &8"7L7(! %+! (#*7"(8+! =%+!
8"J$$#%+0! &8(! %+! 8"J$$#%+! %+! =%+! $8(+7+3! "8/+!
$8((#6#/! 2/8! %+! $(#(8#(%+! $(#+6?%+! -%++8(!
$8(+/7=#=%+! =%+! %('$/*%+! 76(#./J=%+! V+! +#.#*7+0! 8!
*+8+! =8#Q%/! 7#&=7! 7*"/&+! 8((%+! $%/$%!
#($%(67&68+0! 2/8! &?%! $%((%($#7(! %! -/&=7(8&6%!
=7!(8*#"#?%'!

416
!%#+7! "(7&=8(8&68! &%6'L8*! 6! 2/8! %+! $(#+6?%+!
=%+! =%#+! $(#(8#(%+! +6$/*%+! L%67L7(! %! (7#%(!
+%((%(!7%+!68($*%+0!7%+!7*67(8+!8!V+!#(7"8&+'![!%!
2/8! =#G! @(J"8&8+0! &%'! H02'! -/=%! (/=%/! =8$%#+!
$%(! 7! =#+$#$*#&70! 2/7&=%! 7! #"(8*7! (8$8.8/! /(7!
-%((7!$%&+67&68'!
%'+-7+':'1*7;)'

"8+=8! 2/8! /(7! (8*#"#?%! 6! *8"7*(8&68!


8+67.8*8$#=7! &/(! 8+67=%0! 6%=%+! %+! 6(#./&7#+! +8!
%$/$7(! #(8=#767(8&68! =8! #($8=#(! 2/8! +8!
(%=#-#2/8(! 7! (7#%(#7! =%+! 76%+! $(76#$7=%+! &8++7!
(8*#"#?%! 7&68+! =8! 68(! +#=%! $/.*#$7(8&68! 7$767=7'!
@+! -/&=7=%(8+! (8/&#7(:+8! +8$(867(8&68! 7$8+7(!
=%+! (7"#+6(7=%+3! +%*8! &?%! +8! $8((#68(! 7+!
7++8(.*6#7+!$\.*#$7+!+8&?%!+%.!%+!%*+%+!=7!*8#0!8!
6%=7+! 7+! 7++%$#7>M8+! 2/8! +8! 7-7+67(8(! =8*7! +?%!
$(%#.#=7+'! <! 7&6#"7! ('Q#(7! 8(7! 2/8! 6! (8*+%(!
%.8=8$8(!7!"8/+!=%!2/8!+8"/#(!7+!*8#+!=%!8+67=%'!
<$8&7+!+8!%/L#7!-7*7(!8(!%.+8++M8+!8!$%++8++M8+0!
%! =#7.%! 7&=7L7! V! +%*67! &7! 68((7T! *'! +%*8! %! =#7.%!
&?%! +7#! =8! +/7! (%(7=7'! @+! $(%=J"#%+0! 7+!
$(%-8$#7+0! 8(7(! &8$8++'(#7+! 8&6?%T! *'! &?%! +8!
7=(#68('! C(! +%(8(! 2/8! $(%-86#G7++8!
$7*7(#=7=8+! &7+! $(7>7+! $\.*#$7+! +8(#7! (86#=%!
&/(! (7&#$O(#%'! @+! -/&=7=%(8+! (8$8.#7(!
+8$(867(8&68! =#&+8#(%! =%+! -#6#+3! /(! +%(8(! 2/8!
(8$%*+8++8!+%*8!=#&+8#(%!$7(7!=8*8!=#+$%(!+8(!+8(!
7/6%(#G7=%! $8*7! *8#! 68(#7! 2/8! (8+$%&=8(! $8(7&68! 7!
*/+6#>7'! <++#(0! 8+6?%! $%($*867(8&68! -%(7! =8! /+%!

417
6%=%+! %+! $7#.(%+! 2/8! +8(L#(7(! $7(7! $%&+6(/#(! %!
8=#-J$#%'!
%'.27+':'1*7;)'

"8$%#+! =7! &%++7! +7&67! (8*#"#?%0! 2/8! +8(!


=\L#=7!7*"/(7!6!7!\&#$7!.%70!2/7*!+8('!7!(8&%+!
('U!
5?%! +8(#7! 7! (7#+! +#($*8+U! 5?%! +8(#7! 72/8*7!
2/8! 8&+#&7++8! (/#67! (%(7*! 8! $%/2/J++#(%+!
=%"(7+U! 7! 2/8! 68&=8++8! 7! 6%(&7(! %+! +%(8&+!
*/+6%+! +8(! %+! 6%(&7(! 7.+/(=%+U! 7! 2/8! &?%! %(=8:
&7++8! 7.+%*/67(8&68! $(8(! 8(! $%#+7+! #($%++JL8#+0!
$%&6(7=#6,(#7+0!#&*/(#%+7+!V!"8#=7=8!8!$8(&#$#%+7+!
7%! "K&8(%! +/(7&%0! 8! 2/8! &?%! %/+7++8! 7(87>7(!
$%(! 7+! $8&7+! 868(&7+! %+! 2/8! 6#L8++8(! %! +8&+%!
$%(/(U! 5?%! +8(#7! 72/8*7! 2/8! &?%! +/+68&67++8!
+/7! $(8&>7! $%(! #&68((6=#%! =8! 6(#./&7#+! &8(!
#&/&=7++8! 7! 68((7! =8! +7&"/8! $%(! $7/+7! =8!
+%-#+(7+! #&#&68*#"JL8#+U! 72/8*7! 2/8! =8! /(!
82/JL%$%0! /(! *%"%! =8! $7*7L(7+! 8! =/7+! %/! 6(K+!
$7(67+! +%.(8$%+67+! &?%! -#G8++8! /(! +%.8(7&%0! 8!
/(! "8/+! =8! /(! $7=(8! -(82Z8&68(8&68!
#&$8+6/%+%0! +%(#$#=7! 8! 8&L8&8&7=%(U! 7! 2/8! &?%!
+/.(868++8! %+! (8#+! 7! 8++8! $7=(8U! 7! 2/8! &?%!
8&+#&7++8! +8&?%! 7! 7=%(7>?%! =8! /(! "8/+0! 7!
*/+6#>70!7!6%*8(R&$#7!8!7!+/(7&#=7=8U!
-1<7+':'1*7;)'

418
"#G:+8!2/8!7!(8*#"#?%!=%+!"8&6#%+!8(7!7.+/(=7!
8(!(/#6%+!$%&6%+0!$%&6(7=#6,(#70!$8(&#$#%+73!(7+!
&?%!+8!*+8!68(#7(!#($/67=%!(7#%(8+!(7*8+!=%!2/8!
&7! (87*#=7=8! $(76#$%/0! 8! (7#+! 6%*#$8+! =%! 2/8!
$(8"%/U!
,=%#+! 8(! L8(! 7\$#68(! (/=7=%! 8(! 6%/(%0! A!
+8($8&680!(%&%!%/!%/6(7!$%#+7!2/7*2/8(0!A!&7=7!
=8! .8*%! 8&$%&6(%! A! &8(! (8! 7=(#(7('! +8!
+/$8=8(4'!.=(,*%"%!=8!<&-J6(#%&3'!
18(! =\L#=7! #+6%! 6! (/#6%! #($8(6#&8&683!
(%+6(8(:(80! $%(6(0! 8(! 6%=7! 7! 7&6#"Z#=7=8! /(!
68($*%! =8=#$7=%! 7! E8=7! =8#67&=%! $%(! /(! (%&%!
%/! $%(! /(! 6%/(%'! N%/L8! 8(! <68&7+! %/! %(7!
7*"/(! +8((?%! $7(7! 8&$%(7*7(! 7+! (%>7+! 7! -7G8(!
$(#7&>7+! $%(! %+! (7$7$%+! =%! +8/! $'6#%U! <+!
-'./*7+! (8$%*+#=7+! 8! %(&7=7+! $%(! @LJ=#%!
$%&+6#6/8(! 7! (8*#"#?%U! 5?%! +8! $7(8$8(! 8*7+! V!
&%++7! E8&=7! "%/(7=70! V! &%++7! )*%(! =%+! 17&6%+U!
18!7*"/(!.(R(7&8!%/!=8(L#+!&%+!L#8++8!%.*867(!7!
+#+6,(#7! =8! 17&67! #7(#7! 8"#$$#7&70! 7! 2/7*0! &?%!
68&=%! $%(! 2/8! $7"7(! 7%+! (7(#&+8#(%+! 2/8! 7!
$%&=/G#(7(!7%!<"#6%0!=8/!7!$7=7!/(!=8*8+!%!2/8!
$+7(7(%+!-7L%(8+0!V!"/#+7!=8!=#&+8#(%0!=#(J7(%+!
7%! .(R(7&8T! ,#8/! (8L8(8&=%! $7=(80! 8+67#+!
8&"7&7=%0!&%++7!(8*#"#?%!&?%!6!7!E8&=7!"%/(7=74'!
8$(%L7(%+! 7%+! 7&6#"%+! +8/+! %('$/*%+0! +8/+!
$(%=J"#%+T! +8! 8*8+! L%*67++8(! 7%! (/&=%! 8!
$/=6++8(%+!$%&67(!%+!(#*7"(8+!=8!5%++7!18&+%(7!

419
=8! E%(86%! 8! %+! =8! 5%++7! 18&+%(7! =8! [-8+%0! $7(7!
2/8!*7=%!$8&=8(#7!7!.7*7&>7U!
@+! +7$(#-J$#%+! +/(7&%+! -%(7(! 8+67.8*8$#=%+!
8(! 2/7+8! 6%=%+! %+! $%L%+0! (7+! (/#6%! (7(7(8&68!
$%+6%+!8(!/+%'!<$8&7+!68(%+!7!-#*+7!=8!78-66!8!%!
(8#! <"7"/8! #(%*7=%+! 8&6(8! %+! */=8/+0! $%(2/8!
B+72/8! 8! 7O&767+! *7(7#+! %! -%(7('! <! +#+6,(#7! =8!
B-#"K&#7! &?%! 6! (/#6%! 7$(8=#67=7! 8&6(8! %+! "(8"%+3!
%+! +7$(#-J$#%+! +/(7&%+! +?%! (/#6%! (7(%+! 8&6(8! %+!
7&6#"%+! (%(7&%+'! 5/(7! $7*7L(70! 7! (8*#"#?%! $7"?!
-8G! =8((7(7(! $%/2/J++#(%! +7&"/80! 8&2/7&6%! 7!
&%++7! 7*7"%/! 7! 68((7'! <! &%++7! 6! +8(! =\L#=7! 7!
\&#$7!.%70!7!\&#$7!L8(=7=8#(73!(7+!-#G8(%+!67&6%!
(7*! $%(! +8/! #&68((6=#%! 2/8! 2/7&=%! -7*7(%+! =7+!
%/6(7+!=8L8(%+!+8(!(%=8+6%+'!
-=7.5+':'1*7;)'

18! /(! +%(8(! 2/#+8(! $8(+/7=#(! =8! +/7!


(8*#"#?%! 7! 8+6(7&"8#(%+! %/! $%($76(#%67+! &?%!
=8L8('! 8($(8"7(! 7! =%>/(7! (7#+! #&+#&/7&68! 8! 7!
(7#+!7$7(87&68!(%=8(7>?%U!18!$%(8>7(!$%(!=#G8(!
2/8! %! 2/8! 8*8! 7&/&$#7! 8+6'! =8(%&+6(7=%0!
8&$%&6(7('!/(7!(/*6#=?%!=8!#&$(6=/*%+3!+8!%/+7(!
=#G8(:*+8+! 2/8! 8*8+! &?%! (8*8#67(! 7! +/7! =%/6(#&7!
+8&?%!$%(2/8!8*7!$%&=8&7!7+!+/7+!$7#QM8+0!2/8!%!
+8/! $%(7>?%! $%((%($8/! %! +8/! 8+$J(#6%0! 2/8! 8*8+!
7$8&7+! 6K(! /(7! (7G?%! -7*+7! 8! %("/*+%+70! 8*8! %+!
(8L%*670! 7&#(7:%+! $%&6(7! +#0! 7((/#&7! 8*8! $(,$(#%! %!
2/8!2/8(!8=#-#$7('!

420
18!7!(8*#"#?%!2/8!7&/&$#7!6!L8(=7=8#(70!6%(&':
*7:?%! 7! #&+%*K&$#7! 8! %! 7((8.767(8&6%! (7#+!
L8(=7=8#(7U! )#$7#+! 8&$%*8(#G7=%+! 2/7&=%! =#G8#+!
2/8!6!$(8$#+%!+8(!=,$#*0!$7$#8&680!.8&-8#6%(0!*/+6%0!
$(88&$+8(! 6%=%+! %+! =8L8(8+! =7! +%$#8=7=8U! 5?%0!
$%(2/8! 6%=%! (/&=%! 6! =%! L%++%! $7(8$8('! =%(! 2/80!
$%#+0! =#G8#+! #&*\(#7+! 7%! L%++%! #((?%! 2/7&=%! *+8!
$(8"7#+! /(7! (867-J+#$7! (#+68(#%+7U! [! 2/8! %! +8/!
.%(! +8&+%! #((#67! %! L%++%! 7(%(! $(,$(#%'! -8&=8+! %!
%("/*+%!=8!8Q#"#(!2/8!L%++%!#((?%!+/.(867!7!+/7!
#&68*#"K&$#7!V!L%++73!%!%("/*+%!+/(#*+7=%!$%&=/G!
V! $,*8(70! &8(! 6! %/6(7! 7! +/7! %(#"8('! @! +%(8(!
-8(#=%! $%(! L#&68! .7*7+! &/(7! .767*+7! &?%! -#$7!
8&$%*8(#G7=%3! (7+! /(! =%/6%(! -8(#=%! $8*7! (8$/+7!
=8!/(!+/-('"#%!6%(&7:+8!-/(#%+%!8!#($*7$'L8*'!

421
*&--8**&$45('

!%&67:+8! 2/8! %+! 8"J$$#%+! &?%!$%&+6(/J(7(!7+!


+/7+!$#(R(#=8+!+8&?%!$7(7!-7G8(!6\(/*%+!8!2/8!%+!
+8/+! $%($%+! 8(.7*+7(7=%+! $%(! =8&6(%! 8! $%(! -%(7!
8+$8(7L7(! 2/8! +/7+! 7*(7+! L#8++8(! (87&#(':*%+!
7%!-#(!=8!(#*!7&%+'!#7+!+8!%+!+8/+!$%($%+!=8L#7(!
(8++/+$#67(0! $%(! 2/8! 7! $(#(8#(7! %$8(7>?%! =%+!
$8(-/(#+67+!8(7!$8(-/(7(:*+8+!%!$(R&#%!8!6#(7(:*+8+!
%!$6(8.(%U!<!#=6#7!=8!(8++/+$#67(!+8(!$6(8.(%!-7G!
+/$%(!.+8!+8!$8((#6#(!7!8Q$(8++?%3!2/8!%+!8"J$$#%+!
&?%! %! 6#&+7(! (/#6%! L#L%3! 6! $(8$#+%0! $%(6(0!
$%&+#=8(7(!2/8!7!(7#%(#7!=%+!7&6#"%+!*/*"7L7!2/8!
7!7*(7!8+6#L8++8!&%!$8#6%'!<!$%(!2/8!=8L8(#7!8+67(!
&%!$8#6%!(7#+!=%!2/8!8(!2/7*2/8(!%/6(7!$7(68U![!
2/80! $%(! 8-8#6%0! 8(! 6%=%+! %+! &%++%+! +8&6#(8&6%+!
/(! $%/$%! L#%*8&6%+! 8Q$8(#(8&67(%+! $8(6%! =%!
$%(7>?%! /(! $%&-(7&"#(8&6%! %/! /(7! =#*767>?%0!
2/8!-8G!$8&+7(!+8(!7*#!%!7*%*7(8&6%!=7!7*(7'!<++7!
7*(7!8(7!2/7*2/8(!$%#+7!=8!7.+6(76%0!=8!76(8%3!8(7!
/(7! -#"/(7! *8L8! 2/8! L7"7L7! $8*%! 8+$7>%! 766!
8&$%&6(7(!=8!&%L%!+8/!$%($%'!
<!$(8&>7!=7!(8++/((8#>?%!6!(/#6%!(7#+!7&6#"7!
=%! 2/8! %+! 68($%+! +#+6,(#$%+'! <6'*#=70! -#*+7! =8!
#8($\(#%0! $%=#7! (%((8(! 8! (8++/+$#67(! 7%! +8/! .8*!
$(7G8(T! <+$/*'$#%! (8+6#6/#/! 7! L#=7! 7! N#$,*#6%3!
N6($/*8+! 7! <*$8+683! =6*%$8+0! 68&=%! +#=%! $%(67=%!
8(! $8=7>%+! $8*%! $7#0! -%#! (8++/+$#67=%! $8*%+!

422
=8/+8+'! !%&67! =*76?%! 2/8! <(%+! (8++/+$#6%/! $%(!
2/#&G8!=#7+!+%(8&68'!
@+! -7(#+8/+0! 8&6(8! %+! */=8/+0! +,! 7=%67(7(! %!
=%"(7! =7! (8++/((8#>?%! (/#6%! 68($%! =8$%#+! =8!
=*76?%'!
N'! &%+! <6%+! =%+! <$,+6%*%+! /(! -76%! .8(!
+#&"/*7(! 8! =#"&%! =8! 768&>?%! 77$,! 8! L'(#%+! =%+!
+8/+!$%($7&+8#(%+!7$%&+8*+7(7(!1'!=7/*%!7!#(!7%!
68($*%! =8! 78(/+7*6(! %.+8(L7(! 6%=7+! 7+!
$8(#(O&#7+!=7!7&6#"7!*8#0!$%(!$(#+6?%!2/8!8*8!-%++80!
,7!-#(!=8!2/8!6%=%+!+7#.7(40!=#G8(:*+80!,2/8!6/=%!
%! 2/8! +8! =#G! =8! L,+! 6! -7*+%! 8! 2/8! $%&6#&/7#+! 7!
"/7(=7(!7!*8#!=8!#%#+6+4'!
<&6?%! 1'! =7/*%! -%#! =/(7&68! +868! =#7+! 7%!
-8($*%0! (7+! &%! +66#(%! -%#! (8$%&+8$#=%'!
<$/+7(7(:&%!=8!*'!68(!#=%!$%(!8+6(7&"8#(%+!8!=8!%!
68(! $(%-7&7=%'! <#+! $%(%! 8*8! +8! *#L(%/! =7!
8&67*7=/(7T!
,@(70! +7.8&=%! =7/*%! 2/8! /(7! $7(68! =%+! 2/8!
*'!8+67L7(!8(7(!+7=/$8/+!8!%/6(7!-7(#+8/+0!"(#6%/!
&7! 7++8(.*6#7T! ,#8/+! #((?%+0! 8/! +%/! -7(#+8/! 8!
-#*+%! =8! -7(#+8/3! 6! $%(! $7/+7! =7! 8+$8(7&>7! =/(7!
%/6(7! L#=7! 8! =7! (8++/((8#>?%! =%+! (%(6%+! 2/8! (8!
2/8(8(! $%&=8&7(4.1H3'! 5?%! +%/L8(7! &8&+/(7!
2/8+6?%!=7!(8++/((8#>?%!=%+!(%(6%+!8(!6%=%!8++8!
&8",$#%3! =7/*%! =#G#7:%! 7$8&7+! $7(7! 76#(7(! %+!
-7(#+8/+!8!+7=/$8/+!/&+!$%&6(7!%+!%/6(%+'!

423
5'! 0'! ,=7/*%0! 68&=%! 7++#(! -7*7=%0! (%6#L%/!
/(7! =#++8&+?%! 8&6(8! %+! -7(#+8/+! 8! +7=/$8/+0! 8! 7!
7++8(.*6#7!-%#!=#L#=#=7'!
5'! ;'! ,=%(2/8! %+! +7=/$8/+! =#G8(! 2/8! &?%! +'!
(8++/((8#>?%0! &8(! 7&*%0! &8(! 8+$J(#6%0! 8&2/7&6%!
%+!-7(#+8/+!(8$%&+8$8(!/(!8!%/6(%0!86$'4'!
=(868&=8/:+8! 2/8! 7,0! 2/8! 6! (/#6%! 7&6#"%0!
$%&+8$8++8!%!=%"(7!=7!(8++/((8#>?%'!!#67(:+8!7+!
+/7+! $7*7L(7+T! ,18#! 2/8! %! (8/! (8=8&6%(!8+6'!L#L%!
8! 2/8! /(! =#7! 7! +/7! (8=8&>?%! +8! 8("/8('! +%.(8!
(#(0! %/! 2/8! 8/! (8! 8("/8(8#! =%! $60! 2/8! (#&+7!
$8*8! L%*67('! 8! 2/8! 7#&=7! L8(8#! "8/+! 8(! (#&+7!
$7(&84'.123!
#7+!L'(#%+!$%(8&67=%(8+!8&68&=8(!$%(!8++7+!
$7*7L(7+! 2/8! 7,! 8+$8(7! 2/8! +'! =8! (8*+%(7(! 8(!
.(8L8! =8! +/7! =%8&>70! 8! 2/8! &?%! $8((7&8$8('!
+8($(8! =8#67=%! &7! 68((7! $%(%! 8+67L7'! N'! $(%L7+!
=8!2/8!8++7!8Q$*#$7>?%!+8*7!L8(=7=8#(70!$%(2/8!8*8!
"(#6%/! 7%+! +8/+! -7*+%+! 8! 8($8=8(&#=%+! 7(#"%+T!
,=%(! 2/8! 8&6?%! =#G8#+T! $8(+#"7(%:*%U4! %/! 8&6?%T!
,=%(2/8! =#(8#+T! $%(2/8! &,+! %! $8(+8"/#(%+4'! B++%!
8L#=8&68(8&68! &?%! 2/8(! =#G8(T! ,<((8$8&=8(:L%+:
8#+! =8! (8! +7L8(! %-8&=#=%! 2/7&=%! (8! L#(=8+! &%!
(8/! $(#(8#(%! 8+67=%! =8! +7\=8! 8! %$/*K&$#7U4! C(!
=%8&68! 2/8! =#GT! ,</! (8! *8L7&67(8#40! &?%! =#GT! ,</!
(8++/+$#67(8#4'!"7(!+8&6#=%+!-%(>7=%+!7!$7++7"8&+!
$*7(7+!6!%!(8#%!+8"/(%!=8!*7(7#+!+8!8&68&=8('!

424
1'!78(O&#(%!$%*%$7!%!&7+$#(8&6%!=7!+8#67!=%+!
-7(#+8/+! (/#6%! $%/$%! 68($%! 7&68+! =8! 78+/+!
!(#+6%'!@!(7.#&%!N#*8*!$7++7!$%(!+8(!%!-/&=7=%(!=7!
+8#67! -7(#+7#$70! 8! 8++8! N#*8*! -%#! $%&68($%(R&8%! =8!
87(7*#8*0!%!(8+6(8!=8!1?%!=7/*%'!
5'(#%+! =8++8+! -7(#+8/+! 7$(8=#67L7(! 2/8!
+%(8&68! %+! */=8/+! (8++/+$#67(#7(! 8! 2/8! %! (8+6%!
=%+! +%(8&+! &?%! L7*#7(! 7! $8&7'! @/6(%+!
+/+6#L8(7(! 2/8! &?%! +8! (8++/+$#67(#7! +8&?%! &7!
=7*8+6#&70! 8! 2/8! %+! $%($%+! =72/8*8+! 2/8! -%(8(!
8&68((7=%+! 7*+/(8+! +8(?%! +8$(867(8&68!
6(7&+$%(67=%+! $7(7! 78(/+7*6(0! 7! -#(! =8! +8!
*/&67(8(!V!+/7!7*(7'!#7+!1?%!=7/*%0!8+$(8L8&=%!
7%+! +7.#67&68+! =8! -8++7*O&#$70! =#G:*+8+! 2/8! ,@!
+8"/&=%! 7=L8&6%! =8! 78+/+! !(#+6%! 6! $7(7! 8*8+! 8!
$7(7!8*80!2/8!8*8+!+8(?%!68+68(/&+7+4'!
5'! /1'! ,=%(2/8! *%"%! 2/8! %! +#&7*! -%(! =7=%! $8*%!
7($7&*%!8!$8*%!+%(!=7!6(%(.867!=8!"8/+!%!$(,$(#%!
18&+%(!=8+$8('!=%!$6/0!8!%+!2/8!8+6#L8(8(!(%(6%+!
8(!78+/+!!(#+6%!(8++/+$#67(?%!$%(!$(#(8#(%+4'!
5'! /0'! ,"8$%#+! &,+! 2/8! +%(%+! L#L%+! 8! 2/8!
68&+7(%+!+%.(8L#L#=%!766!8&6?%!+8(8(%+!8*8L7=%+!
$%(!8*8+!V+!&/L8&+!$7(7!#((%+!$8(7&68!%!18&+%(0!
&%! (8#%! =%! 7(0! 8! 7++#(! L#L8(8(%+! $7(7! +8($(8!
$%(!%!18&+%(4.1I3'!
<++7! #($%(67&68! $7++7"8(! &?%! $(%L7!
8L#=8&68(8&68! 2/8! %+! $(#(8#(%+! $(#+6?%+!
8+$8(7L7(! L8(! %! -#(! =%! (/&=%0! $%(%! =8! -8#6%! +8!

425
$(8=#G! 8(! 1'! E/$7+0! &%! 68($%! (8+(%! 8(! 2/8!
L#L8/!1'!E/$7+U!
<$(8=#67L7! 16%'! <"%+6#&+%! 2/8! 7+! $(#7&>7+0! 8!
(8+(%!7+!$(#7&>7+!&76#(%(67+0!(8++/+$#67(#7(!&7!
#=7=8! (7=/(7'! @+! @(J"8&8+0! %+! 78(O&#(%+0! %+!
<67&'+#%+0! %+! %7+J*#%+! &?%! $(8(7(! 2/8! 7+!
(/*+8(8+!$/=8++8(!(8++/+$#67(!$%(!%!+8/!+8Q%'!
<&-#(0! +8($(8! =#+$/67(%+! +%.(8! %! 2/8!
-%(%+0!+%.(8!%!2/8!+%(%+!8!+%.(8!%!2/8!+8(8(%+'!

426
-2,(95('

-8(#7!+#=%!17*%(?%!(#$%!$%(%!+8!=#++8U!
<-#7&>7(! %+! =7(7*#$O(8&%+! 2/8! %! ,(8*&4!
"7L#0! +8/! $7#0! =8#Q%/:*+8! $8($7! =8! L#&68! (#*+M8+!
=8!&%++7!(%8=7!$%((8&680!+8"/&=%!%!$'*$/*%!(7#+!
(%=8+6%'! 5?%! +'! 67*! +%(7! =8! =#&+8#(%! $%((8&68!
8(! 6%=7!7!68((7!8!6!(/#6%!=#-J$#*!2/8!"7LJ!6#L8++8!
$%=#=%! 7(87*+7(! 67(7&+%! 68+%/(%! &%! $82/8&%!
$7J+!=7!=7*8+6#&7'!
17*%(?%0! +8"/&=%! %! 68($8#(%! *#L(%! =%+! 8#+0!
6#&+7!2/7(8&67!(#*!$%/=8*7(#7+!$7(7!%+!$7L7*%+!=8!
+/7+!$7((/7"8&+'!Y/7&=%!(8+(%!$7=7!$%/=8*7(#7!
&?%!$%&6#L8++8!(7#+!2/8!=8G!$7L7*%+0!#++%!+%(7(#7!
7$8&7+!%!&\(8(%!=8!2/76(%$8&6%+!(#*!2/80!*/&6%+!
7! +8/+! =%G8! (#*! $7L7*%+! =8! +8*70! 68(#7! -8#6%!
2/76(%$8&6%+! 8! =%G8! (#*! $7L7*%+! =8! .767*+7'! [!
(/#6%!$7(7!/(!,(8*&4!*/=8/!2/8!*7(7#+!$(76#$%/!
7! "/8((7'! <++7! (7"&#-#$K&$#7! &?%! 68(! 8Q8($*%!
&/(!$7J+!2/8!7$8&7+!$(%=/G#7!7+&%+!8!%&=8!+%*8!
&?%! 8Q#+68! %/6(7! (%&67(#7'! #7+! $7(8$8! 2/8! %+!
68($%+!(/=7(7('![!L8(=7=8!2/8!/(!$(J&$#$8!6?%!
+'.#%0!2/8!6#&+7!(#*!(/*+8(8+0!$%=#7!68(!67(.6(!
2/76(%$8&6%+! 8! =%G8! (#*! $7L7*%+0! 2/7&=%! (7#+!
&?%! -%++8! $7(7! *8L':*7+! 7! $7++8#%! %/! 7%! *%&"%! =%!
*7"%!=8!88&8G7(6!%/!=8!1%=%(70!%/!V!6%((8&68!=8!
!8=(?%0! 2/8! 6! /(! =%+! +J6#%+! (7#+! =8*#$#%+%+! =7!
68((70! 8(.%(70! &7! L8(=7=80! 8++7! 6%((8&68! 8+68*7!

427
+8$7!=/(7&68!&%L8!(8+8+!=%!7&%!8!%!68((8&%!+8*7!
/(!67&6%!(%$+%+%'!
#7+! 68(#7! 8++8! +'.#%! 17*%(?%! (87*(8&68!
8+$(#6%! 7+! %.(7+! 2/8! *+8! 76(#./8(U! [! L8(%++J(#*0!
$%(!8Q8($*%0!2/8!+8*7!%!7/6%(!=7!6"*%"7!#&6#6/*7=7!
!R&6#$%!=%+!!R&6#$%+U!
=%=8! +8(! 2/8! /(! (%&7($7! 2/8! $%++/J7! (#*!
(/*+8(8+!=#++8++8!7!/(7!=8*7+T!,Y/8!8*7!(8!.8#*8!
$%(! /(! .8#*%! =8! +/7! .%$70! $%#+! +8/+! +8#%+! +?%!
(8*+%(8+! =%! 2/8! %! L#&+%4'! C(! (8#! 8! /(! $7+6%(0!
2/7&=%! +8! 6(767! =8! .8#*7(! &7! .%$70! $%=8(! +8!
8Q$(#(#(! =7! (8+(7! (7&8#(7'! [! L8(=7=8! 2/8! 6!
(/#6%! 8+6(7&+%! +7L8(:+8! $(868&=#=%! 2/8! -%#! 7!
(%>7! 2/8(! 7++#(! -7*%/! 8*%"#7&=%! %+! +8#%+! =%!
7(7&68'!
5?%!&8"7(8#!2/8!/(!(8#!"7*7&68!68&+7!$%=#=%!
-7G8(! 2/8! +/7! 7(7&68! =#++8++8T! A! ,#8/! .8(!
7(7=%!6!$%(%!/(!(7(#*+868!=8!(#((70!8*8!(%(7('!
8(! (8/+! +8#%+4'! 5?%! 8&68&=%! (/#6%! .8(! %! 2/8!
+#"&#-#$7! 8++8! (7(#*+868! =8! (#((73! (7+! 8&-#(0!
2/7&=%!7!.8(!7(7=7!=#G!7%!.8(!7(7=%!2/8!*+8!
$7++8! 7! (?%! =#(8#67! +%.(8! %! $8+$%>%! 8! 7! 7.(7$8!
$%(!7!=#(8#670!8&68&=%!(/#6%!.8('!
=%=8(:+8:#7! $8=#(! 7*"/(7+! #&-%((7>M8+! 7%!
7/6%(! =%! !R&6#$%! 2/7&=%! =#GT! ,5%++%! /(.#"%! 6!
$%(%! /(7! 67>7! &7! 2/7*! +'! +8($(8! 7*"%! 2/8!
.8.8(3! L%++%! L8&6(8! 6! $%(%! /(! 7*2/8#(8! =8! 6(#"%3!

428
L%++%+!+8#%+!+?%!$%(%!=/7+!$(#7+!=8!$8(L%!8!L%++%!
&7(#G!6!$%(%!7!6%((8!=%!(%&68!EJ.7&%4'!
!%&-8++%! 2/8! 7+! 6"*%"7+! =8! 5#("J*#%! +?%! =8!
%/6(%!8+6#*%3!(7+!$7=7!/(!68(!%!+8/0!8!/(!*/=8/!
&?%!6!%.(#"7=%!7!8+$(8L8(!$%(%!5#("J*#%'!
[!7$7(8&68(8&68!/(!.8*%!8-8#6%!=8!8*%2/K&$#7!
%(#8&67*! =#G8(T! ,5%++7! #((?! 6! 7#&=7! $82/8&70! 8*7!
&?%! 68(! +8#%+'! Y/8! -7(8(%+! =8! &%++7!#((?U!18!6!
/(!(/(%0!$%&+6(/7(%+!+%.(8!8*83!+8!6!/(7!$%(670!
-8$+8(%:*74'!
%8*7+!$%#+7+0!.8*7+!7&8=%67+!$7(7!17*%(?%0!%!
(7#+! +'.#%! =%+! +%(8&+'''! <(70! =#G8(0! +8/!
8$#6'*7(%! $7(7! %! +8/! $7+7(8&6%! $%(! 7! -#*+7! =%!
-7(7,3!6!$%(6(!&76/(7*!2/8!%!"8&(%!=%!-7(7,!=8#Q8!
+/7! .8(! 7(7=7! =/(7&68! 7! &%#68! $7(7! #(! $7++87(!
8(!+8/!*7(=#(!=7+!&%"/8#(7+0!2/8!7!(7#&+7!$%((7!
+%G#&+70!=8+$7*>70!76('+!=8*80!2/8!+8*7!8+$7&$7=7!
$8*%+! "/7(=7+! =7! $#=7=8! 8! 2/8! 8+68+! *+8! 6#(8(! 7!
(%/$7U!
=%=8(#7! 7! -#*+7! =8! /(! (8#! 68(! =#6%T! ,</! +%/!
(%(8&70! (7+! +%/! .8*7! $%(%! 7+! $8*#>7+! =8!
17*%(?%4U! -7#+! 8Q$(8++M8+! $%=8(:+8:#7(! 76(#./#(!
7!/(!$7+6%(0!$%(2/7&6%!7%!$7.%!=8!$%&67+!&?%!+'!
"(7&=8! (8*7>?%! 8&6(8! $8*#>7+! 8! 7! .8*8G7! =8! /(7!
(%>7'! #7+0! 8&-#(0! 7+! $8*#>7+! =8! 17*%(?%!
$%=8(#7(!68(!+#=%!7=(#(7=7+!8(!+8/!68($%0!8!/(!
*/=8/!=%!$%L%0!2/8!-7G#7!L8(+%+!V!7(7&680!$%=8(#7!
68(! =#6%0! 8(! +8/! *#&"/7*7(! */=8/0! 2/8! *7(7#+! (8#!

429
7*"/(! 6#L8(7! (%/$7+! =8! $8*8! 6?%! .%&#67+! $%(%! 7+!
=8*73! 2/7&6%! 7%! (8#! 17*%(?%0! =8L8(#7! 8+67(! (/#6%!
8&6/+#7+(7=%!$%(!+/7+!$8*#>7+!$7(7!$%($7(':*7+!
V! 7(7&68T! +8! /(! (8#! =8! &%++%+! =#7+! $%($/+8++8!
/(! 67*! 8$#6'*7(%! $7(7! %! +8/! $7+7(8&6%! $%(! 7!
-#*+7! =8! /(! (8#! L#G#&+%! &?%! $7++7(#70! $%(! 6%=7!
$8(68G70!$8*%!(8*+%(!$%867!=8!+8/!(8#&%'!
5'(#%+! (7.#&%+! +/+6#L8(7(! 2/8! &?%! +,! 8++7!
$82/8&7! 6"*%"7! L%*/$6/%+7! &?%! 8(7! =%! 17*%(?%0!
(7+! 2/8! 67(.6(! &?%! 8(7! 7/6K&6#$7'! -8%=%(%! =8!
#%$+/8+68! 6#&+7! #=K&6#$7! %$#&#?%0! 8! %! $6*8.(8!
8(,6#%! $+7(7! 7%! !R&6#$%! =%+! !R&6#$%+! %.(7!
*#.8(6#&70! -*7"#6#%+/+3! $%&6/=%! 8*7! 8+6'!
$%&+7"(7=70! 8! 6!$%&+#=8(7=7!$%(%!/(7!$8($66/7!
7*8"%(#7! =%+! 8+$%&+7#+! =8! 78+/+! !(#+6%! $%(! +/7!
#"(8*7'![!$(8$#+%!&?%!8+2/8$8(!2/8!7!7*8"%(#7!6!/(!
$%/$%! -%(680! &8(! +8! +7.8! 2/8! $%=8(#7! 7! #"(8*7!
=8=/G#(!=%!$%&6%!8(!2/8!%!7/6%(!=#G!2/8!+/7!#((?!
&?%! 68(! +8#%+0! 8! 2/80! +8! 6! /(! (/(%0! 6! $(8$#+%!
$%&+6(/#(!+%.(8!8*7'!
@!*#L(%!=7!17.8=%(#7!68(!/(!6%(!(7#+!+6(#%3!
$%(6(! &?%! $8(68&$8! (7#+! 7! 17*%(?%! =%! 2/8! %!
!R&6#$%! =%+! !R&6#$%+'! <6(#./#:+8! $%(/(8&68! 7!
78+/+0! -#*+%! =8!1#(72/80!%/6(%+!7!)J*%&!=8!%#.*%+3!
(7+0! +8*7! 2/8(! -%(! %! 7/6%(0! $7(8$8! 2/8! &%! +8/!
68($%!7#&=7!&?%!8Q#+6#7!%!=8&6768/$%0!$%(2/8!8*8!
=#G!&%!$7$J6/*%!/:!2/8!<.(7?%!2/#+!#(%*7(!B+72/8!
&%! 68($%! =%! =#*\L#%0! 80! $%(! %/6(%! *7=%0! -7*7! =%!
$76(#7($7!7%+6!$%(%!=8!/(!(8#!=%!<"#6%'!

430
@+! =(%L6(.#%+! -%(7(! 76(#./J=%+! 7! B+7J7+0! 7!
<*G#7+0! 7! 1%.&70! 7! <*#7$#&0! 7! 7%72/K! 8! 7! L'(#%+!
%/6(%+'! #7+0! 2/8(! 2/8(! 2/8! +8*7! 2/8! $%($#*%/!
8++7! $%*86R&870! =8! +8&68&>7+! %(#8&67#+0! &?%! +'! %!
(8&%(!L#+%!=8!L8(=7=8!8(!2/8!68&+7!+#=%!/(!(8#!
2/8(!+8!=8/!7!67*!6(7.7*+%'!-8(#7!8*8!=#6%!2/8!,@!
68((%(! =%! (8#! 6! $%(%! %! (/"#=%! =8! /(! E8?%U4! [!
7++#(! 2/8! -7*7! /(! +\=#6%! %/! /(! 8+$(7L%0! 2/8! 7!
$,*8(7! =%! +8/! +8&+%(! -7G! 6(8(8('! -8(#7! 17*%(?%!
-7*7=%!67&6%!=7!(/*+8(!#($/=#$7U!-8(#7!=#6%T!,5?%!
%*+8#+! %! L#&+%! 2/7&=%! +8! 7-#"/(7! $*7(%! 8! +/7! $%(!
.(#*+7!76(7L6+!=%!$%$%4U!
=%&+%!-(7&$7(8&68!8(!=\L#=7!7!8Q#+6K&$#7!=8!
$%$%+! &%! 68($%! =8! 17*%(?%T! 6! /(7! #&L8&>?%!
(/#6%!(8$8&683!6%=7!7!7&6#"Z#=7=8!.8.#7!8(!67>7+!
=8! (7=8#(7! %/! =8! (867*3! 8! 8++7! \&#$7! $7++7"8(!
#&=#$7! 2/8! 8++7! %.(7! -%#! 8*7.%(7=7! $%(! /(! */=8/!
=8!<*8Q7&=(#7!(/#6%!68($%!=8$%#+!=8!<*8Q7&=(8'!
8+67! %! <$*8+#7+68+0! 2/8! 8(,6#%! $(868&=8! 68(!
+#=%! 8+$(#6%! +%.! %! (8#&7=%! =8! `%(%.7.8*'! 17.8:+8!
$8(-8#67(8&68! $%(! 2/8! *#.8(=7=8! %! 7/6%(! =%!
<$*8+#7+68+!+8!8Q$(#(83!+7.8:+8!2/8!8*8!=#++8!2/8T!
,@+!+%(8&+!&7=7!6K(!(7#+!=%!2/8!7+!.8+67+3!2/8!
(7#+! L7*8! &/&$7! 68(! &7+$#=%0! =%! 2/8! 8Q#+6#(3! 2/8!
&?%!8Q#+68!&8&+/(7!%/6(7!L#=73!2/8!7!\&#$7!$%#+7!
.%7! 8(! 6/=%! #++%! 6! $%=8((%+! =#L8(6#:&%+! $%(!
72/8*7!7!2/8(!7(7(%+4'!

431
=%=8! +8(! 2/8! 17*%(?%! 68&+7! -8#6%! 67#+!
=#+$/(+%+!7!7*"/(7+!=8!+/7+!(/*+8(8+3!$(868&=8:
+8! 6(767(:+8! =8! %.*8>M8+3! $%(6(! 8++7+! ('Q#(7+0!
=8!7(!/(!67&6%!*#.8(6#&%0!&8(!=8!*8L8!+8!$7(8$8(!
7! %.*8>M8+0! 8! 8&68&=8(! &/(! 7/6%(! %! $%&6('(#%! =%!
2/8!8*8!=#G!6!G%(.7(!=7!+/(7&#=7=8'!
<*#'+0! L'(#%+! $7=(8+! $(868&=8(7(! 2/8!
17*%(?%! 68&+7! -8#6%! $8&#6K&$#73! 7++#(0! $%=8:+8!
$8(=%':*%'!
=%(6(0! 2/8! 8++8+! *#L(%+! 68&+7(! %/! &?%! +#=%!
8+$(#6%+! $%(! /(! */=8/0! 2/8! &%+! #($%(67U! 5%++7!
(8*#"#?%! $(#+6?! 7*#$8($8#7:+8! +%.(8! 7! */=7#$70! (7+!
&?%! +%.(8! 6%=%+! %+! *#L(%+! 2/8! %+! */=8/+!
8+$(8L8(7('! =%(! 2/8! +8('! %! !R&6#$%! =%+! !R&6#$%+!
(7#+! +7"(7=%! $7(7! &,+! =%! 2/8! 7+! -'./*7+! =%!
-7*(/=8U! =%(2/80! =#G:+80! &,+! %! #&$*/J(%+! &%!
$R&%&! =%+! +8.(8/+'! <! 2/8! 6! 8++8! $R&%&U! C(7!
$%*86R&87! =8! %.(7+! 7/6K&6#$7+'! <++7! 6! .%7X! C(7!
%.(70! $%(! +8(! 7/6K&6#$70! 6! =#L#&7U! C(7! +#+6,(#7!
=%+!(8#+!=8!7/='!8!=8!1#2/K(0!$%(!8Q8($*%0!+8('!
7*"%! (7#+! 2/8! /(7! +#+6,(#7U! <#+! /(! 8+6(7&+%!
$(8$%&$8#6%'! 5,+! 7.%(#&7(%+! %+! */=8/+0! 8!
2/8(8(%+!2/8!6/=%!%!2/8!$%(!8*8+!-%#!8+$(#6%!8!$%(!
&,+!(8$%*+#=%!6(7"7!%!+#&868!=7!"#L#&=7=8'!77(7#+!
+8!L#/!$%&6(7=#>?%!6?%!$7*$'L8*'!

432
-&"-245('

<+! %+6(7+! 6K(0! =#G:+80! =%#+! +8&6#=%+3! 7+!


6%/$8#(7+0! 2/76(%3! %+! %/6(%+! 7&#(7#+0! $%(%! %+!
+%(8&+0! $#&$%'! <*"/(7+! $8++%7+! 7=(#68(! /(!
+8Q6%0!(7+!6!8L#=8&68!2/8!7!+8&+7>?%!L%*/$6/%+7!
=8!2/8!$(868&=8(!-7*7(!(8=/G:+8!7%!+8&6#(8&6%!=%!
676%! 8! 2/8! $#&$%! +8&6#=%+! $%&+6#6/8(! %! &%++%!
2/#&+?%'! [! &%+! #($%++JL8*! #(7"#&7(! %/! =8+8*7(!
(7#+!2/8!#++%'!
=%=8! +8(! 2/8! 8(! %/6(%+! $*7&867+! 8Q#+67(!
+8&6#=%+!=8!2/8!&?%!-7G8(%+!7!(J&#(7!#=6#73!$%=8!
+8(!2/8!%!&\(8(%!=8!+8&6#=%+!7/(8&68!=8!$*7&867!
8(! $*7&867! 8! 2/8! %! +8(! 2/8! 68(! +8&6#=%+!
#&\(8(%+! 8! $8(-8#6%+! +8*7! %! 68((%! =8! 6%=%+! %+!
+8(8+'!
#7+0!&,+!%/6(%+!$%(!%+!&%++%+!$#&$%!,("?%+0!
2/7*! 6! %! &%++%! $%=8(U! 18&6#(%+! +8($(8! $%&6(7!
&%++7! L%&67=80! 8! *7(7#+! $%(! 2/8! %! =8+8*8(%+3! 6:
&%+! #($%++JL8*! =8#Q7(! =8! 68(! 7! +8&+7>?%! 2/8! 7!
&%++7! &76/(8G7! &%+! =8+6#&7! 2/7&=%! %! %.*86%! &%+!
-8(8'!@!+8&6#(8&6%!8+6'!8(!&,+!(7+!&?%!=8$8&=8!
=8! &,+'! 5,+! %! (8$8.8(%+3! 8! $%(%! %! (8$8.8(%+U!
17.8:+8! $8(-8#67(8&68! 2/8! &?%! +'! &8&+/(7!
(8*7>?%! 8&6(8! %! 7(! 7"#67=%! 8! 7+! $7*7L(7+! 2/8! (8!
$7&67(!8!7!#($(8++?%!2/8!8++7+!$7*7L(7+!"(7L7(!
&%!(8/!$6(8.(%'!

433
<=(#(7(%:&%+! =%! $8&+7(8&6%3! (7+! %!
+8&6#(8&6%! 6! #"/7*(8&68! (7(7L#*+%+%'! C(! $%=8(!
=#L#&%!*7($8*7!&7!+8&+7>?%!=%!\*6#(%!=%+!#&+86%+!
$%(%! &%! $6(8.(%! =8! 58)6%&'! !%&6/=%0! 2/8!
(#*+7(8+! =8! 7&#(7#+! (%((7(! V! L%++7! L#+670! &?%!
L%+! #&2/#867(8#+! $8*%! 2/8! $%++7! L#(! 7! +8(! 7! +/7!
-7$/*=7=8! =8! +8&6#(0! 8(.%(7! 67*! -7$/*=7=8! +8*7!
%.(7! =%! 18(! =%+! +8(8+3! L,+! %+! %*+7#+! $%(%!
('2/#&7+! =7! &76/(8G70! &7+$#=7+! $7(7! (%((8(! 8!
=7(!*/"7(!7!%/6(7+'!
!%(%! 8! $%(! 2/8! 7! +/7! +8&+7>?%! =8L8(#7!
+/.+#+6#(! 2/7&=%! 8*8+! *'! &?%! 8Q#+68(U! Y/8!
&8$8++#=7=8!68(#7!%!7/6%(!=8!6/=%!%!2/8!8Q#+68!=8!
$%&+8(L7(! 7+! $(%$(#8=7=8+! $/*%! +/*8#6%! 8+6'!
=8+6(/J=%U! <2/#L7*8(#7! 7! =#G8(! 2/8! %! $%=8(! =7!
$*7&67! $+7(7=7! +8&+#6#L7! =8! (86(7#(! +/7+! -%*+7+!
+/.+#+68!(8+(%!2/7&=%!7!$*7&67!=8#Q7!=8!8Q#+6#('!
=8("/&67(8#+!+8(!=\L#=7!$%(%0!+8!7!+8&+7>?%!=%+!
7&#(7#+!(%((8!$%(!8*8+0!%!$8&+7(8&6%!=%!+%(8(!
*7(7#+! $8(8$8(''! 5?%! $%++%! (8+$%&=8(! 7! 8++7!
2/8+6?%0! &?%! +8#! %! .7+67&68! $7(7! (8+%*LK:*7'! 1,! %!
7/6%(! 868(&%! =7! +8&+7>?%! 8! =%! $8&+7(8&6%! +7.8!
$%(%!7!$%&$8=8!8!$%(%!7!$%&+8(L7'!
-%=7! 7! 7&6#"Z#=7=8! 7-#((%/! 2/8! &7=7! 8Q#+68!
8(! &%++%! 8&68&=#(8&6%! 2/8! &?%! 68&+7! $7++7=%!
$%(! &%++%+! +8&6#=%+'! "8+$7(68+0! &%+! +8/+!
(%(7&$8+0! $(868&=#7! 2/8! 6#L6++8(%+! #=6#7+!
(867-J+#$7+! 7&68+! =8! $%&+8$8(! %+! +8#%+! =8! &%++7!
7(73! /(7! -7$/*=7=8! =8! 68%*%"#7! $(%+$(8L8/! 8++8!

434
=%"(70! &?%! $%(2/8! -%++8! /(! 8((%0! (7+! $%(2/8!
8(7! /(7! &%L#=7=83! 8(! +8"/#=7! 7=%6%/! 8++8! 8((%0!
$%(2/8!-%(7!=8+6(/J=%!$%(!E%$&80!-#*,+%-%!#&"*K+0!8!
8(7!&8$8++'(#%!2/8!%!#&"*K+!8((7++8'!<&-#(0!=8$%#+!
=8! +7L8(! (/=7=%! 67&67+! L8G8+! =8! $(#&$J$#%+0! 8*7!
6%(&%/! 7! $(%+$(8L8(! 8++7! 7&6#"7! L8(=7=80! 2/8! %+!
+8&6#=%+! +?%! 7+! $%(67+! =%! 8&68&=#(8&6%'! )8G!
$%(%! 8++8+! "%L8(&%+! +%.(8$7((8"7=%+! =8! =JL#=7+!
2/8!%(7!=?%!*#L(8!$/(+%!7!$8(67+!$6=/*7+!8!%(7!7+!
#&68(=#G8(3!(7+!=8+=8!(/#6%!68($%!2/8!&#&"/6(!
2/8(!+7.8(!=7+!$6=/*7+!=8++7!-7$/*=7=8'!
-%=7+! 7+! -7$/*=7=8+! =%! (/&=%! *7(7#+!
#($8=#(?%!%+!-#*,+%-%+!=8!L8(!2/8!&,+!$%(8>7(%+!
$%(!+8&6#(!8!2/8!&%++7!(8(,(#7!&?%!6!+8&?%!/(7!
+8&+7>?%! $%&6J&/7'! C(! +%(8(! 2/8! &7+$8++8!
$(#L7=%! =%+! +8/+! $#&$%! +8&6#=%+! +8(#7! $(#L7=%! =8!
6%=7! #=6#70! +8! $/=8++8! L#L8('! <+! &%>M8+!
(867-J+#$7+!&?%!&%+!$+8"7(!+8&?%!$8*%+!+8&6#=%+T!
$%#+! $%(%! (8=#(! /(! $J($/*%! %/! /(! 6(#R&"/*%! +8!
&?%! +8! L#/! %/! 6%$%/! /(! $J($/*%! 8! /(! 6(#R&"/*%U!
!%(%! $%&$8.8(! /(7! #=6#7! (8+(%! #($8(-8#67! =%!
#&-#&#6%! +8(! 8+67.8*8$8(! *#(#68+U! <! $%(%!
8+67.8*8$8(!*#(#68+!+8(!%+!68(!L#+6%!%/!+8&6#=%U!
<! +8&+7>?%! 8&L%*L8! 6%=7+! 7+! &%++7+!
-7$/*=7=8+0!=#++8!/(!"(7&=8!-#*,+%-%!.113'!
Y/8!$%&$*/#(!=8!6/=%!#++%U!5,+!2/8!*8=8+0!2/8!
$8&+7#+0!$%&$*/J'!

435
-("?(-'

9%/&.)6'83)4'/4&14$'#353&1'9%#.1)&1.=3$'3/=+.$6'
&%&'54#3=+)'543/'&4-')='%41*4+4'&3+&.&)'/.113&16'
$45'$.=.'83.$834'0)-.1.103'!
#7+! $%(%0! 8+67&=%! 6%=%+! %+! +8&6#=%+! (%(6%+!
&%! +%&%0! 8Q#+68! /(! +8&6#=%! 2/8! L#L8U! !%(%0!
&%++%+! %*+%+! &?%! L8&=%! (7#+0! L%++%+! %/L#=%+!
&7=7! 8&68&=8&=%0! L8=8+0! $%&6/=%0! 8! %/L#+! 8(!
L%++%+! +%&+%+U! @! $?%! 8+6'! &7! $7>70! 8(! +%&+%3!
*7680!+8"/8!7!$(8+7'!@!$%867!-7G!L8(+%+!=%((#&=%3!
%! (768('6#$%! LK! -#"/(7+3! %! (867-J+#$%! (7$#%$#&7!
.8(!%/!(7*T!68(%+!8Q8($*%+!$%&6/&=8&68+'!
18(?%!8++8+!%+!\&#$%+!,("?%+!=7!('2/#&7!2/8!
-/&$#%&7(U! [! 7! 7*(7! $/(7! 2/80! +/.6(7J=7! 7%!
#($6(#%! =%+! +8&6#=%+0! /+/-(/#! =%+! +8/+! =#(8#6%+!
8(!*#.8(=7=8U!
18!%+!,("?%+0!$%(!+#!+,+0!$(%=/G8(!%+!+%&+%+!
V! &%#680! $%(! 2/8! &?%! $(%=/G#(?%! 67(.6(0! +,+0! 7+!
#=6#7+! =8! =#7U! 18! 7! 7*(7! $/(70! 6(7&2Z#*70! &%!
(8$%/+%! =%+! +8&6#=%+0! 7"#&=%! $%(! +#! $(,$(#7! 6! 7!
$7/+7! \&#$70! %! +/*8#6%! \&#$%! =8! 6%=7+! 7+! #=6#7+!
2/8! 68&=8+! =%((#&=%0! $%(! 2/8! +8(?%! 8++7+! #=6#7+!
2/7+8! +8($(8! #((8"/*7(8+0! =8+7((7G%7=7+0!
#&$%8(8&68+U! !%(%X! [! &%! (%(8&6%! 8(! 2/8! 8++7!
7*(7! 8+6'! (8&%+! 6/(.7=7! 2/8! 8*7! 68(! (7#+!
$8(6/(.7>M8+! 8(! 6%=7+! 7+! +/7+! #(7"#&7>M8+X! <*7!
8+6'! *#L(8! 8! 6! *%/$7X! 18! +%/L8++8! &7+$#=%! $%(!
436
#=6#7+!(867-J+#$7+!$%(%!%!=#G8(!67&6%+!8+$(#6%(8+!
2/8!+%&+7(!=8!%*+%+!7.8(6%+0!+/7+!#=6#7+!$/(7+!8!
*/(#&%+7+! =%! 18(0! =%! #&-#&#6%0! =8! 6%=%+! %+!
$(#(8#(%+! $(#&$J$#%+! =8L8(#7(! =8+$8(67(! 8(! +#!
$%(! 7! (7#%(! 8&8("#7! 2/7&=%! %! $%($%! 8+6'!
7=%((8$#=%T! &/&$7! +8! +8(#7! .%(! -#*,+%-%! +8&?%!
8(!+%&+%'!
18*7! 2/7*! -%(! %! +#+68(7! 2/8! 7.(7$8#+0! +8*7(!
2/7#+! -%(8(! %+! 8+-%(>%+! L?%+! 2/8! -7>7#+! $7(7!
$(%L7(!7!L,+!(8+(%+!2/8!7!(8(,(#7!7"#67!%!L%++%!
$6(8.(%0! 2/8! L%++%! $6(8.(%! 7"#67! L%++7! 7*(70! 6!
(#+68(! $%&L#(=8+! 8(! 2/8! 6%=7+! 7+! L%++7+! #=6#7+!
L%+!7$%=8(!=/(7&68!%!+%&%0!+8(!L,+!8!7$8+7(!=8!
L,+T! L%++7! L%&67=8! &?%! #&68(LK(! 7J'! [! $%(67&6%!
$8(6%! 2/8! $%=8#+! $8&+7(! +868! %/! %#6%! +%(7+!
+8"/#=7+! +8(! 68(! 7! (J&#(7! L%&67=8! =8! $8&+7(0!
+8(! (8+(%! 8+67(! +8"/(%! =8! 2/8! $8&+7#+'!
=%&=8(7#!#+6%!6/=%T!$(%$/(7#!7=#L#&+7(!%!2/8!L8(!
7!+8(!%!$%($*8Q%!=%!7&#(7*'!
@+!+%&+%+!-%(7(!+8($(8!/(!"(7&=8!%.*86%!=8!
+/$8(+6#>?%3! &7=7! (7#+! &76/(7*'! C(! +%(8(!
L#L7(8&68! $%(%L#=%! $8*7! =%8&>7! =8! +/7! 7(7&68!
+%&+7! 2/8! 7! LK! (%((8(3! 8*7! (%((8! &%'! =#7!
+8"/#&68T! $%(67&6%0! %+! =8/+8+! $(8=#++8(7(:*+8! 7!
+/7!(%(68'!
C(!"8&8(7*!=%!8Q6($#6%!+%&+7!2/8!L8&$8!/(7!
.767*+73! "7&+7:70! $%(! 8-8#6%T! %+! =8/+8+! %!
7=L8(6#(7(!=8!2/8!+8(#7!L8&$8=%('!

437
5?%! +8! *8L7(! 8(! $%&+#=8(7>?%! +8&?%! %+!
+%&+%+! 2/8! -%(7(! $%&-#((7=%+3! 8+2/8$8(:+8! %+!
%/6(%+'! @+! +%&+%+! $7(6#$#$7(! "(7&=8(8&68! =7!
+#+6,(#7!7&6#"70!67*!$%(%!%+!%('$/*%+'!
<++#(!6(7=/G!7!5/*"767!%!-#(!=%!L8(+J$/*%!91!
=%! $7$'! /9! =%! E8LJ6#$%T! ,5?%! %.+8(L7(8#+! %+!
+%&+%+4'! #7+! %! 68((%! +%&+%! &?%! 8Q#+68! &%!
+8.(7#$%! 8! +8(#7! (/#6%! 8+6(7&+%! 2/8! +8!
(8$(%L7++8! 7! %.+8(L7>?%! =%+! +%&+%+! &%! $(,$(#%!
*#L(%!8(!2/8!+8!=#G!2/8!7%+6!+8!6%(&%/!%!.8&-8#6%(!
=%! <"#6%! 8! =8! +/7! -7(J*#7! (8=#7&68! 7! 8Q$*#$7>?%!
=8!6(K+!+%&+%+'!
<! 8Q$*#$7>?%! =%+! +%&+%+! 8(7! /(7! $%#+7! 6?%!
$%(/(! 2/8! 7! "8&68! &?%! +8! *#(#67L7! 7! 8++7!
$('6#$7T! 8(7! $(8$#+%! 7#&=7! 7=#L#&+7(! 7*"/(7+!
L8G8+! %! 2/8! %/6(%! +%(8(! +%&+7(7'!
57./$%=%&%+%(0! 68&=%! %*L#=7=%! /(! +%&+%! 2/8!
6#L8(70! %(=8&%/! 7%+! +8/+! (7"%+! 7! +/7!
7=#L#&+7>?%0! 8! %+! 7(87>%/! =8! (%(68! $7+%! &?%!
$+8"7++8(! 7! .%(! -#(3! (7+! %! */=8/! "7&#8*0! 2/8!
8(7! =7! 8+$%*7! =%+! (7"%+0! +7*L%/:*+8+! 7! L#=7!
7=#L#&+7&=%! %! +%&+%! =%! (8#0! $%(! 7! (8+$8$6#L7!
#&68($(867>?%'! <++7! +#+6,(#7! 8! (/#67+! %/6(7+!
$%=8(#7(! +8(L#(!$7(7!$(%L7(!2/8!7!*8#!=%+!*/=8/+!
&?%! $(%#.#7! 7! %&8#(%(7&$#70! #+6%! 60! 7! $#K&$#7! =%+!
+%&+%+'!

438
-83&*-1$45('

.!7$J6/*%!8Q6(7J=%!=8!!J$8(%0!1K&8$7!8!=*/67($%3!
Y/7+8! 6/=%! %! 2/8! L7#! 7*6(! =7! 7=%(7>?%! =8!
/(! 18(! 1/$(8(%! 8! =7! +/.(#++?%! =%! $%(7>?%! V+!
+/7+! %(=8&+! 868(&7+! 6! +/$8(+6#>?%'! @! $8(=?%! 7%+!
$(#(8+!7$%($7&+7=%!=8!$8(67+!$8(#(O&#7+!6!/(7!
=7+!(7#+!$8(#"%+7+'!
11'&.7+)$'/)-1)&1'24-354$6'41'/)&.=3'5.9.$'
.&04+.)$'/.113&1.1;3'!
>*4'&./.3/'0)-.#4$'83.'1+.$1.)'-+./.&)'-%45.$'
0#3/.&4)'1%##.'2%$$4'231)1.$')83)4.193'!
=8&+7#+!2/8!"8/+!%*L#=7('!L%++%!+%(#$J=#%!+8!
L%+!.7&+7(=8+!&/(!(#%0!+8!#(%*7(=8+!/(!$%(=8#(%!
$(86%! 8! +8! +8! $(%&/&$#7(8(! +%.(8! L,+! 7*"/(7+!
$7*7L(7+'! C(! +8"/&=%! +%(#$J=#%! L%+! +8('! $%#+!
$8(=%7=%!7%!(8+(%!$(8>%0!8!7++#(!/(!68($8#(%0!8!
$8(! (%(68+! &?%! L%+! $/+67(?%! (7#+! =%! 2/8! $8(!
$%(=8#(%+! &8"(%+! 8! $8(! 7.*/>M8+X! )7G8#! (8*+%(0!
(#+8('L8#+! +/(7&%+T! &7=7! =8! (%(68+! 8! &7=7! =8!
$%(=8#(%+!&8"(%+'!
Y/8!#&-7(8!#=6#7!#(7"#&7(!2/8!/(!+7$8(=%68!
=8! B+#+! 8! =8! !J.8*80! 6%$7&=%! $J(.7*%+! 8!
$7+67&+%*7+0! L%+! (8$%&$#*#7('!$%(!7!"#L#&=7=8X!<!
2/8(! 6! $%#+! 8++8! +7$8(=%68! =8! !#.8*80! 8++8!
8/&/$%! 8((7&68! 2/8! L#L8! =8! L%++7+! -(72/8G7+0!
$7(7! +8! 7(L%(7(! #&68((8=#'(#%! 8&6(8! %! !6/! 8! L,+!

439
%/6(%+U! Y/8! 8+$6$#8! =8! $768&68+! (8$8.8/! 8*8! =8!
"8/+U! 8$8.8! =8! L,+! 7*"/(! =#&+8#(%! $7(7!
.7*./$#7(! 7*"/(7+! $7*7L(7+0! 8! $(8=8+! 2/8! %! 18(!
=%+!+8(8+!(76#-#$7('!7+!$7*7L(7+!=8++8!$+7(*76?%U!
N'! +/$8(+6#>M8+! #&%$8&68+T! =7&>7#+! &%+! =#7+!
=8!-8+67!8(!+%&(7!=8!"#7&7!%/!=8!=%(%&70!%/!=8!
2/7*2/8(! =8++8+! =8/+8+! +8$/&='(#%+! =8! 2/8! 8+6'!
(8$*86%!%!L%++%!$7*8&='(#%T!$%#+!$%=8#+!$%&6#&/7('!
<!=7&>7!6!(/#6%!7"(7='L8*0!6!\6#*!7%!$%($%0!7*8"(7!
7! 7*(70! &?%! -7G! (7*! 7! &#&"/6(3! &?%! 7$(8=#68#+!
$%(6(! 2/8! =%(%&7! 8! 5#(6/&7! +8! $%(%L7(! $%(!
+7L8(=8+! +7*67=%! 8(! +/7! +%&(7! 8! 2/8! L%+!
$/&#(#7(! +8! %! &?%! +%/L6++8#+! -8#6%'! 5?%! 8Q#+68(!
%/6(7!=%(%&7!&8(!%/6(7!5#(6/&7!2/8!7!8&Q7=7!8!
7!$'!=%!*7(=#&8#(%'!5?%!+8*7#+!6?%!#(.8$#*!7!$%&6%!
=8! 7$(8=#67(! 2/8! L%++%! *7(=#(! +8! 2/8#(7('! $%(!
+7L8(=8+! =8#Q7=%! =8! =7&>7(! 7! $J((#$7! %/! 7!
$%(='$#7'!
<Q#+68! $(%L7L8*(8&68! /(7! +/$8(+6#>?%!
$8(=%'L8*! 8! (8+(%! (8$%&-%(67&68! $7(7! 7! L#(6/=8T!
6!7!=8!$%*%$7(!8&6(8!%+!=8/+8+!%+!"(7&=8+!+%(8&+!
2/8!-%(7(!.8&-8#6%(8+!=%!"K&8(%!+/(7&%'!#8*+%(!
+8(! =\L#=7! +8(#7! %*+':*%+! +#($*8+(8&68! $%(%!
+%(8&+! L8&8('L8#+! 8! +%.(86/=%! $(%$/(7(! #(#6':
*%+'! 58&8(7#! +8(! $/*6%! /(! 1,*%&0! /(! -7*8+0! /(!
=#6'"%(7+3!&?%!7=%(8#+!$%(6(!/(!N6($/*8+!$%(!68(!
*#($7=%! 7+! 8+6(8.7(#7+! =8! </"#7+! 8! $%(! 68(:+8!
=8#67=%!$%(!$#&2Z8&67!(/*+8(8+!&/(7!&%#68'!

440
8/7(=7#:L%+!=8!#&+6#6/#(!/(!$/*6%!$7(7!$8(6%+!
$76#-8+! 2/8! &?%! 6K(! %/6(%! (6(#6%! 2/8! 7!
#"&%(R&$#70!7!L#L7$#=7=8!8!7!+%(=#=8G3!2/8!-#G8(7(!
/(! =8L8(! 8! /(7! "*%(#7! =%! ,$#%! 8! =7! "*%6%&7(#7T!
8++8+! 2/8! 2/7&=%! (/#6%! -%(7(! $%($*867(8&68!
#&\68#+! =/(7&68! +/7! L#=70! (8(8$8(?%! $%(! 7$7+%! 7!
7$%68%+8!=8$%#+!=7!(%(68U!
E8(.(7#:L%+! =8! 2/8! %+! 68($%+! (7#+!
+/$8(+6#$#%+%+! -%(7(! +8($(8! %+! =%+! $(#(8+! (7#+!
+%((JL8#+'!

441
1$*2"$2'

!+7(7(%+! 6#(7&%! 7%! +%.8(7&%! 2/8! &?%!


$%&+8$8!$%(!*8#+!+8&?%!%!$(,$(#%!$7$(#$+%0!2/8!+8!
7$%=8(7! =%+! .8&+! =8! +8/+! +\=#6%+! 8! 2/8! 8(!
+8"/#=7! %+! 7((%*7! $7(7! #(! 6%(7(! %+! =%+! L#G#&+%+'!
5?%!8Q#+68!67*!8+$6$#8!=8!6#(7&%+!&7!</(%$7'!
"#+6#&"/8:+8!7!6#(7&#7!=8!/(!+,!8!7!=8!L'(#%+'!
<++7! 6#(7&#7! =8! L'(#%+! +8(#7! 7! =8! /(! $%($%! 2/8!
#&L7=#++8! %+! =#(8#6%+! =%+! %/6(%+! $%($%+! 8!
8Q8($8++8! %! =8+$%6#+(%! 7! -7L%(! =7+! *8#+! $%(! 8*8!
$%((%($#=7+'! -?%! $%/$%! 8Q#+68! 8++7! 8+$6$#8! =8!
6#(7&%+!&7!</(%$7'!
1%.! 2/7*! 6#(7&#7! "%+67(J8#+! =8! L#L8(U! 1%.!
&8&+/(73! (7+! +8! -%++8! $(8$#+%! 8+$%*+8(0! 8/!
=868+67(#7!(8&%+!7!6#(7&#7!=8!/(!+,!=%!2/8!7!=8!
L'(#%+'! C(! =6+$%67! 68(! +8($(8! 7*"/&+! .%&+!
(%(8&6%+3! /(7! 7++8(.*6#7! =8! =6+$%67+! *7(7#+'!
18! /(! 6#(7&%! (8! -7G! /(7! #&*/+6#>70! $%=8(8#!
=8+7((':*%! $%(! #&68((6=#%! =8! +/7! 7(7&680! $%(!
+8/! $%&-8++%(! %/! $%(! +8/! $7"8(3! (7+! /(7!
$%($7&+#7!=8!"(7L8+!6#(7&%+!6!#&7$8++JL8*!7!6%=7+!
7+! +8=/>M8+'! Y/7&=%! &?%! 6! #&*/+67! 6! &%! (J&#(%!
#($#8=%+70!8!*7(7#+!$%&$8=8!-7L%(8+'!
18!68&+%!7$8&7+!/(!=6+$%670!+7*L%:(8!$%(!%!
+#($*8+!$%*7(:(8!7!/(!(/(%!V!+/7!$7++7"8(3!%/!
$%(!(8!$(%+68(&7(0!%/!$%(!.768(!7!-(%&68!&%!+%*%0!
+8"/&=%! %! $%+6/(8! =%! $7J+3! (7+! +8! +%/L8(! /(7!
442
$%($7&+#7! =8! $8(! =6+$%67+0! 8+67(8#! 8Q$%+6%! 7!
(8$86#(!8++7!$8(#(O&#7!$8(!L8G8+!$%(!=#70!%!2/8!6!
8Q7/+6#L%0! 2/7&=%! &?%! +8! 68(! %+! -/&=#*+%+!
(8-%(>7=%+'!18!8/!6#L8(!/(7!$82/8&7!+8(=7=8!&7+!
L#G#&+7&>7+! =8! /(! =8! &%++%+! +8&+%(8+0! +8(8#!
8+(7"7=%3! +8! (8$*7(7(! $%&6(7! /(! $7(8&68! =%+!
$7(8&68+! =8! &%++%+! +8&+%(8+0! 8+67(8#! 7((/#&7=%'!
Y/8! -7G8(U! -8(%! 2/8! &8+68! (/&=%! 8+68*7(%+!
(8=/G#=%+! 7! /(! 6(#+68! =#*8(7T! +8(! .#"%(&7! %/!
(7(68*%'!)8*#G!=8!2/8(!8+$7$7(!7!8++7!7*68(&76#L7X!

443
1(,&*>"%$2'

Y/8!6!7!6%*8(R&$#7U!
[!%!7$7&'"#%!=7!+/(7&#=7=8'!<+67(%+!6%=%+!
8($8=8(&#=%+! =8! =8.#*#=7=8+! 8! 8((%+3! $8(=%8(%:
&%+! (8$#$(%$7(8&68! &%++7+! 6%*#$8+0! 6! 7! $(#(8#(7!
*8#!=7!&76/(8G7'!
Y/8! &7! .%*+7! =8! <(+68(=?0! =8! E%&=(8+0! =8!
1/(767! %/! =8! %7++%('0! %+! "/8.(%+0! %+! .7&#7&%+0!
%+! */=8/+0! %+! (7-%(#+67+0! %+! =8J$%*7+! $+#&+0! %+!
.(R(7&8+0! %+! $(#+6?%+! "(8"%+0! %+! $(#+6?%+!
(%(7&%+0! %+! $(#+6?%+! $(%68+67&68+0! %+! $(#+6?%+!
2/7&8(+! -7>7(! +/7+! 6(7-#$R&$#7+! */&6%+T! 8*8+! &?%!
.(#"7(?%! =8! $/&+7*'! =%(! 2/8! (%6#L%0! $%#+0! &%+!
8+"7&7(%+! 2/7+8! +8(! #&68((/$>?%! =8+=8! %!
$(#(8#(%!$%&$J*#%!=8!5#$6#7U!
!%&+67&6#&%! $%(8>%/! $%(! .7#Q7(! /(! 6=#6%!
2/8! $8((#6#7! 6%=7+! 7+! (8*#"#M8+3! 68((#&%/! $%(!
$8(+8"/#('! <&68+! =8*8! %+! $(#+6?%+! 7$8&7+! 8(7(!
$8(+8"/#=%+! 2/7&=%! $%(8>7L7(! 7! 68(! 7*"/(7!
-%(>7! =8&6(%! =%! 8+67=%'! @+! (%(7&%+! $8((#6#7(!
6%=%+! %+! $/*6%+0! 766! %! =%+! */=8/+0! 766! %! =%+!
8"J$$#%+0! $8*%+! 2/7#+! 6#&+7(! 67&6%! =8+$(8G%'! =%(!
2/8! 6%*8(7L7! %(7! 8++8+! $/*6%+U! [! 2/8! &8(! %+!
8"J$$#%+! &8(! (8+(%! %+! */=8/+! $(%$/(7L7(!
8Q68((#&7(! 7! 7&6#"7! (8*#"#?%! =%! #($6(#%0! &?%!
$8(=8&=%! 68($%! 8(! (8L%*L8(! 68((7+! 8! (7(8+! $7(7!
7&"7(#7(! $(%+6*#6%+T! %! 2/8! 2/8(#7(! 8(7! "7&+7(!
444
=#&+8#(%3! 6! $%(6(! #&$%&68+6'L8*! 2/8! %+! $(#+6?%+!
=8+8*7L7(!2/8!+/7!(8*#"#?%!-%++8!7!=%(#&7&68'!@+!
*/=8/+! &?%! 2/8(#7(! 2/8! 7! 8+6'6/7! =8! 7\$#68(!
8+6#L8++8! 8(! 78(/+7*6(3! (7+! %+! $(#+6?%+! &?%!
7=(#6#7(! 2/8! 8+6#L8++8! &%! !7$#6,*#%'! 16%'! -%('+!
68(!7!.%7!-6!=8!$%&L#(!8(!2/80!+8!%+!$(#+6?%+!&?%!
=8+6(%&7L7(!%+!#($8(7=%(8+0!6!2/8!%!&?%!$%=#7(!
-7G8('! 1/7! %$#&#?%! 8(7! 2/8! 6%=7! 7! 68((7! =8L#7! +8(!
$(#+6?'! <(7(! $%(67&6%! #&#(#"%+! =8! 6%=7! 7! 68((70!
766!2/8!8+67!+8!$%&L8(68++8'!
N7L#7! 8&6(8! 8*8+! #&#(#"%+! /&+! =%+! %/6(%+! 8(!
6%=%+! %+! $%&6%+! =8! +/7! $%&6(%L6(+#7'! <&68+! =8!
(7#+!&7=7!6!$(8$#+%!$%&+#=8(7(!78+/+!!(#+6%!$%(%!
"8/+0! %+! 2/8! %! &8"7(! +?%! 7&768(76#G7=%+! +%.! %!
&%(8! =8! 8.#%&#67+0! 2/8! 7&768(76#G7(! %+!
7=%(7=%(8+!=8!78+/+'!
<*"/&+! =8*8+! =8+8*7(! 2/8! 6%=%+! %+! .8&+!
+8*7(! $%(/&+0! $%(%! $(868&=8(! 2/8! %! 68&+7(!
+#=%!&%!68($%!=%+!7$,+6%*%+T!+8/+!7=L8(+'(#%+!%+!
$+7(7(!&#$%*7#67+0!7$/+7&=%:%+!=%+!$(#(8+!(7#+!
#&-7(8+'! @/6(%+0! 68&=8&68+! 7! /(7! =8L%>?%!
(J+6#$70! +?%! $+7(7=%+! "&,+6#$%+! 8! $8(+8"/#=%+!
$%(! -/(%('! #7($#?%! 6! 6(767=%! =8! #=,*76(7! $%(!
=#+$/67(!+%.(8!7!-(#&=7=8'!
-8(6/*#7&%0! =(7Q8=8+0! @(J"8&8+0! 5%L76%0!
5%L7$#7&%0! 17.6*#%0! "%&76%0! +?%! 6%=%+!
$8(+8"/#=%+! $%(! +8/+! #((?%+! 7&68+! =8!
!%&+67&6#&%3! 8! 7$8&7+! !%&+67&6#&%! -8G! (8#&7(! 7!

445
(8*#"#?%! $(#+6?3! %+! 767&7+#7&%+! 8! 8/+8.#7&%+! +8!
+8$7(7(7(3! 8! =8+=8! 8&6?%! 7! #"(8*7! $(#+6?! -%#!
#&/&=7=7!=8!+7&"/8!766!+%*8'!
@! $%L%! */=8/! 8(70! (8$%&+8>%0! /(! $%L%!
.7+67&68! .'(.7(%'! "8"%*7L7(! +8(! $#8=7=8! 6%=%+!
%+! +7.#67&68+! =8! /(! =8+"(7>7=%! 8! $82/8&%! $7J+!
+%.(8! %! 2/7*! &?%! 6#&+7(! (7#+! =#(8#6%! =%! 2/8!
+%.(8!=7(#+!8!E%&=(8+'!<&6(867&6%0!2/7&=%!577(?!
6!$/(7=%!=8!+/7!*8$(7!$%(!+8!+7L8(!.7&+7=%!+868!
L8G8+! &%! 7%(=?%3! 2/7&=%0! $7(7! 68+68(/&+7(! +/7!
"(76#=?%! 7! <*#+8/0! 2/8! *+8! 8&+#&%/! 8++8! +8"(8=%0!
$%&67:*+8! 2/8! 7=%(7L7! %! "8/+! =%+! */=8/+! $%(!
(8$%&+8$#(8&6%0!(8+8(L7:+8!7!*#.8(=7=8!=8!7=%(7(!
67(.6(!%!"8/+!=8!+8/!(8#3!$8=8!*#$8&>7!7!<*#+8/0!
8!%!$(%-867!&?%!+8+#67!8(!$%&$8=8(:*+7'!@+!*/=8/+!
7=%(7L7(! %! +8/! "8/+3! (7+! &/&$7! +8! 7=(#(7(7(!
=8! 2/8! $7=7! $%L%! 6#L8++8! %! +8/'! <$+7L7(! (/#6%!
&76/(7*!2/8!!7(%8+!$%&$8=8++8!/(!$8(6%!=#+6(#6%!
7%+! (%7.#67+0! $%&67&6%! 2/8! %! +8/! "8/+! 67(.6(!
*+8+!=8++8!/('!77$,!&?%!+8+#6%/!8(!=8+$%+7(!7+!
-#*+7+! =8! /(! #=,*76(7'! E7.?%! 6#&+7! +8/! "8/+!
7++#(!$%(%!77$,!6#&+7!%!+8/'!<#+!.8*%+!8Q8($*%+!
=8!6%*8(R&$#7!8&6(8!%!$%L%!(7#+!#&6%*8(7&68!8!$(/8*!
=8! 6%=7! 7! 7&6#"Z#=7=8T! &,+! %! #(#67(%+! 8(! +8/+!
-/(%(8+!7.+/(=%+0!8!&?%!8(!+/7!#&=/*"K&$#7'!
[! $*7(%! 2/8! 6%=%! #&=#LJ=/%! 2/8! $8(+8"/8! /(!
+%(8(0! +8/! #((?%0! $%(2/8! &?%! 6! =7! +/7! (8+(7!
%$#&#?%0!6!/(!(%&+6(%'!B+6%!8+6'!-%(7!=8!=\L#=7+'!
#7+! %! "%L8(&%0! (7+! %+! (7"#+6(7=%+0! (7+! %+!

446
$(J&$#$8+0! $%(%! =8L8(?%! $(%$8=8(! $7(7! $%(!
#&=#LJ=/%+!2/8!6K(!/(!$/*6%!=#-8(8&68!=%!+8/U!18!
-%(8(! 8+6(7&"8#(%+! $%=8(%+%+0! 6! $*7(%! 2/8! /(!
$(J&$#$8!-7('!7*#7&>7!$%(!8*8+'!)(7&$#+$%!B'0!(/#6%!
$(#+6?%0! /&#(:+8:'! 7%+! (/>/*(7&%+! $%&6(7! !7(*%+!
50! (/#6%! $(#+6?%'! )(7&$#+$%! B! =7('! =#&+8#(%! 7%+!
*/68(7&%+!=7!<*8(7&+7!$7(7!+/+68&6':*%+!8(!+/7!
(8L%*67! $%&6(7! %! #($8(7=%(3! (7+! $(#&$#$#7('0!
+8"/&=%! %! $%+6/(80! $%(! -7G8(! 2/8#(7(! 7*"/&+!
*/68(7&%+! 8(! +/7! $(,$(#7! $7+7'! =7"7:%+! 8(! 17Q8!
$%(!$%*J6#$73!$%(!$%*J6#$7!2/8#(7:%+!8(!=7(#+'!#7+!
2/8!7$%&68$8('U!<+!$8(+8"/#>M8+!$(#7(!$(%+6*#6%+3!
8(! .(8L8! 7! )(7&>7! 8+67('! (8$*867! =8! &%L%+!
$(%68+67&68+'! <! $(#&$J$#%! =8#Q7(:+8:?%! 8&-%($7(0!
8(! +8"/#=7! $%(8>7(?%! 67(.6(! 7! 8&-%($7('!
N7L8('!"/8((7+!$#L#+0!8(!+8"/#=7!%!1'!%7(6%*%(8/!
8!8++8!(8$7&6%!=%!(/&=%!+8('!$#%(!2/8!6/=%!%!2/8!
7&6#"%+!8!(%=8(&%+!*'!=#++8(7(!=%!#&-8(&%'!
B&+8&+76%+0! 2/8! *7(7#+! +%/.8+68+! (8&=8(! /(!
$/*6%! $/(%! 7%! "8/+! 2/8! L%+! $(#%/X! "8+"(7>7=%+0!
2/8! %! 8Q8($*%! =%+! &%72/#=7+0! =%+! *86(7=%+!
$+#&8+8+0! =%+! $7(+#+! 8! =8! 6%=%+! %+! +'.#%+! *7(7#+!
$%=8! 8=#-#$7(X! #%&+6(%+0! 2/8! &8$8++#67#+! =8!
+/$8(+6#>M8+!$%(&%!%!/(/./!=8!$7(&#>7X!7'!+8!L%+!
=#++80! 8! &?%! 68(%+! %/6(7! $%#+7! 2/8! =#G8(:L%+T! +8!
6#L8(=8+! =/7+! (8*#"#M8+0! 8*7+! +8! 6(/$#=7(?%3! +8!
6#L8(=8+!6(#&670!L#L8(?%!8(!$7G'!58=8!,!"(?%:6/($%T!
"%L8(&7! "/8.(%+0! .7&#7&%+0! $(#+6?%+! "(8"%+0!
&8+6%(#7&%+0! (%(7&%+'! @! $(#(8#(%! 2/8!

447
8Q$8(#(8&67(!$(%L%$7(!/(!6/(/*6%!6!8($7*7=%0!8!
6%=%+!$8((7&8$8(!8(!+7&6J++#(7!$7G'!

448
0$*18#&'

Y/8! 6! L#(6/=8U! %8&8-#$K&$#7! $7(7! $%(! %!


$(,Q#(%'! =%=8(8#! $+7(7(! L#(6/=8! 7! %/6(7! $%#+7!
+8&?%! 7%! .8(! 2/8! (8! -7G8(U! </! +%/! #&=#"8&680!
6/!6+!*#.8(7*3!8/!8+6%/!8(!$8(#"%0!6/!L8&+!8(!(8/!
+%$%((%3! 8&"7&7(:(80! 6/! (8! =#G8+! 7! L8(=7=83!
8+2/8$8(:(80! 6/! (8! $%&+%*7+3! 8/! +%/! #"&%(7&680!
6/! (8! #&+6(/#+T! $+7(7(:68:8#! +8(! =#-#$/*=7=8!
L#(6/%+%'! #7+! 2/8! 7$%&68$8('! $%(! 7+! L#(6/=8+!
$7(=#&7#+! 8! 68%*%"7#+U! <*"/(7+! =8*7+! -#$7(?%! &7+!
8+$%*7+'!
Y/8!(8!#($%(67!2/8!+8*7+!68($8(7&68U![!/(!
$(8$8#6%! =8! +7\=8! 2/8! %.+8(L7+3! .8&8-#$#7(:68:'+!
$%(! #++%! 8! 8/! 68! -8*#$#6%'! -8&+! -6! 8! 8+$8(7&>70!
(8=%.(%:68!(#&+7+!-8*#$#67>M8+T!8*7+!68!$%&$8=8(?%!
7! L#=7! 868(&7'! -/7+! L#(6/=8+! 68%*%"7#+! +?%! =%&+!
$8*8+68+T! 6/7+! L#(6/=8+! $7(=#&7#+! +?%! 8Q$8*8&68+!
2/7*#=7=8+! 2/8! +8(L8(! $7(7! 68! $%&=/G#(! 7%! .%(!
$7(#&+%3!(7+!&?%!+?%!L#(6/=8+!2/8!+8!(8*7$#%&8(!
$%(!%!68/!$(,Q#(%'!@!$(/=8&68!-7G!%!.8(!7!+#0!%!
L#(6/%+%!-':*%!7%+!+%(8&+'!1'!=7/*%!68L8!(7G?%!7%!
=#G8(!2/8!7!$7(#=7=8!#($*#$7!7!-6!8!7!8+$8(7&>7'!
#7+! $%(%X! 7=(#6#(8(%+! 7$8&7+! 7+! L#(6/=8+!
2/8! +?%! \68#+! 7%! $(,Q#(%U! <&6?%X! $%(%! $%=8(8#!
7=(#6#(! %/6(7+U! 5#L8(%+! 8(! +%$#8=7=83! &7=7!
8Q#+68! =8! L8(=7=8#(7(8&68! .%(!$7(7!&,+!+8&?%!%!
2/8! .8&8-#$#7! 7! +%$#8=7=8'! C(! +%*#6'(#%! +8('!

449
+,.(#%0! $#8=%+%3! (8L8+6#(:+8:'! =8! /(! $#*J$#%T! $%#+!
.8(0! +8('! +7&6%3! $%(6(! &?%! %! $+7(7(8#! L#(6/%+%!
+8&?%! 2/7&=%! $(76#$7(! 7*"/(! 76%! =8! L#(6/=8! 8(!
$(%L8#6%! =%+! +%(8&+'! <&2/7&6%! -%(! +,0! &?%! +8('!
&8(!(7*-8#6%(!&8(!.8&-8#6%(3!&7=7!6!$7(7!&,+'!18!
1'! %(/&%! $7$#-#$%/! 7+! -7(J*#7+0! +8! +%$%((8/! 7!
#&=#"K&$#70! -%#! L#(6/%+%3! +8! *8*/%/0! (8G%/! &7!
+%*#=?%0! -%#! /(! +7&6%'! <! L#(6/=8!8&6(8!%+!+%(8&+!
6!/(!$%(6($#%!=8!.8&8-J$#%+3!%!2/8!&?%!$7(6#$#$7!
=8++8!$%(6($#%!&?%!=8L8!+8(!$%&+#=8(7=%'!18!8++8!
+7&6%!8+6#L8++8!&%!(/&=%0!+8(!=\L#=7!$(76#$7(#7!
%!.8(3!(7+!8&2/7&6%!&?%!%!8+6#L8(!%!(/&=%!68('!
(7G?%! 8(! &?%! *+8! $%&$8=8(! %! &%(8! =8! L#(6/%+%T!
+8('!.%(!$7(7!$%&+#"%!$(,$(#%0!8!&?%!$7(7!&,+'!
#7+0! =#G8#+:(80! /(! +%*#6'(#%! "*/6?%0! .K.8=%0!
8&6(8"/8! V! =8L7++#=?%! +8$(867! $%&+#"%! (8+(%0! 6!
/(! L#$#%+%T! +8('! $%(67&6%! L#(6/%+%! +8! 6#L8(!
2/7*#=7=8+!$%&6('(#7+![!&%!2/8!&?%!$%++%!$%&L#(T!
+8('! /(! +%(8(! (/#6%! L#*! +8! 6#L8(! =8! -76%! %+!
=8-8#6%+!2/8!=#G8#+3!(7+!&?%!$%=8!+8(!/(!L#$#%+%0!
(7/0! +/+$8$6JL8*! =8! $/&#>?%0! &%! 2/8! =#G! (8+$8#6%!
V! +/7! (8*7>?%! $%(! 7! +%$#8=7=80! 7! 2/8(! +/7+!
#&-R(#7+! &?%! -7G8(! (7*! 7*"/('! [! =8! $(8+/(#(!
2/8! +8! 8&6(7(! &7! +%$#8=7=8! $(76#$7('! %! (7*0! +8('!
/(! "(7&=8! $(#(#&%+%3! 6! 766! (/#6%! (7#+! $(%L'L8*!
2/8!L8&+7!7!+8(!/(!+%(8(!(7/!=%!2/8!#&$8(6%!6!
2/8! %/6(%! +%*#6'(#%0! $7+6%0! 68($8(7&680! L8&+7! 7!
+8(! /(! +%(8(! =8! .8(T! $%#+! &7! +%$#8=7=8! %+!
=8-8#6%+! 7/(8&67(! 8! 7+! .%7+! 2/7*#=7=8+!
=#(#&/8('!

450
)7G:+8! /(7! %.*8>?%! (7#+! -%(683! 58(%0! %! $7$7!
<*8Q7&=(8! 5B'! 8! %/6(%+! (%&+6(%+! =8++7! 8+$6$#8!
-#G8(7(! .8&8-J$#%+3! %/+%! (8+$%&=8(! 2/8! -%(7(!
L#(6/%+%+!&8++8!=#7'!
"#G8(!7*"/&+!68,*%"%+!2/8!%!=#L#&%!#($8(7=%(!
<&6%&#&%! &?%! 8(7! L#(6/%+%3! 2/8! 8(7! /(! 8+6,#$%!
68&>%8#(%! 2/80! &?%! $%&68&68! =8! "%L8(&7(! %+!
+%(8&+0! 7#&=7! 2/8(#7! +8(! 8+6#(7=%! $%(! 8*8+3! 2/8!
-7G#7! (8L8(68(8(! 7! +#! $(,$(#%! %+! .8&8-J$#%+! 2/8!
-7G#7! 7%! "K&8(%! +/(7&%3! 2/8! -%#! 6%=7! 7! +/7! L#=7!
*/+6%0!6(7.7*+7=%(0!.8&-8#6%(!$%(!+#($*8+!L7#=7=80!
8! 2/8! 7$8&7+! 8&"7&%/! %+! +%(8&+! $%(! 7! +/7!
L#(6/=83! &8+68! $7+%! 8Q$*7(7(8#T! ,#8/! "8/+0! =7#:
&%+!7!.7+6%!L8*+7$%+!=8+67!*7#7X4!

451
"(12-'
.43! A! 5%67! =8+67! 8=#>?%T! $7(7! 8L#67(! 8((O&87+!
$%&$*/+M8+0! $%&L6(! 8+$*7(8$8(! 2/8! 8+68! L%*/(8!
$%&+#+68! 8(! 8Q6(76%+! =%! 3.-.%&?+.%' =.#%$:0.-%! =8!
5%*67#(8'! <! %.(7! $%($*867! $%($(88&=8! L'(#%+!
L%*/(8+! 8! 6! (/#6%! (7#+! 8Q68&+7'! <(! -(7&$K+0!
$%=8!+8(!8&$%&6(767!&7!(8=8!8(!5%*67#(8!@8/L(8+!
!%($*d68+! :! -8Q68+! 8&! *#"&8! j)))'L%*67#(8:
#&68"(7*'$%(k'!<(!#&"*K+0!&7!-+8!@&*#&8!E#.(7(;!%-!
E#.8(6;!j+66$Tll%**'*#.8(6;-/&='%("k!
./3! A! <+67! #&+$(#>?%! 7$+7:+8! "(7L7=7! &7!
-7$+7=7!=%!68($*%!=8!"8*-%+'!
.93!A!5#("J*#%0!88,("#$7+0!BBB0!922'!
.H3!A!@LJ=#%0!#86'-%(7+0!c0!;2:I'!
.23!A!B+7J7+0!cB50!;!8!/9'!
.I3! A! 7/+6#&%! %! #'(6#(0! &7+$#=%! $%(! L%*67! =%!
7&%! //20! -%#! $%&=8&7=%! V! (%(68! $%(! \+6#$%0!
$(8-8#6%!=8! %(70!8(!/1;'!
.13!A!E#L(%!50!$7$J6/*%!cccBBB'!
.03! A! N#+6,(#7! =7! B"(8*70! *#L(%! 5BB0! $7$J6/*%!
cc5'!
.;3! A! !%($7(7>?%! 8&6(8! <(#+6,-7&8+! 8!
#8&7&=(%'!

452
.93!A!7'!)('!<($80!7/6%(!=7!<$%*%"#7!$(%!7/*#%!
!78+7(8!57&#&%'!
./:3!A!N%('$#%0!<$#"('0!BB0!##0!176'0!BB0!#'!
.//3!A!<(!+8/+!<&+7#%+!=8!-8%=#$6#7!+%.(8!7!
%%&=7=8!=8!"8/+0!86$'0!<(+68(=?0!/0/:0!#&:;'!
./93! A! E#! A! (8=#=7! #6#&8('(#7! $+#&8+7!
82/#L7*8&68!7'!I01!(86(%+'!
./H3! A! 1#&/+! =8&%(#&7>?%! =7=7! $8*%+!
$+#&8+8+! 7%+! */=8/+! =7+! =8G! 6(#.%+! 2/80! 8(! +/7!
=#+$8(+?%0!$8&86(7(7(!766!7!!+#&7'!
./23!A!@+!$#&$%!*#L(%+!+7"(7=%+!$+#&8+8+0!2/8!
$%&6K(!7!=%/6(#&7!=8!!%&-\$#%'!
./I3!A!17*(%+0!Ec5BB0!/1:/0'!
./13! A! <&7"(7(7! =%! 7.7=8! !7+68*! =%! 17#&6:
=#8((8!
./03!A!<&7"(7(7!=8!E8*#dL(8'!
./;3!A!<&7"(7(7!=8!<(&%/*6'!
./93!A!<&7"(7(7+!=%!$(J&$#$8!=8!!%&=6!8!=%!
=/2/8!=8!%(/&+)#$&'!
.9:3! A! 58+68! =#'*%"%! %! *7$%&K+! -#"/(7! /(!
#&"*K+3! %+! $%G#&+8#(%+! =8+#"&7(! %+! $7=(8+3! %!
"(7&=8!*7(70!%!$7"73!%!#($8(7=%(!(8&$#%&7=%0!%!
(8#! N8&(#2/8! 5BBB3! $7#+$%$#80! 7&7"(7(7! =8!

453
8$#+$%$7#+0! +?%! %+! .#+$%+3! .(8/+8+0! +8.(8/+3!
$#+$767+0! $7$#+67+3! -8*/(%0! E/68(%3! 5#$7*&%0!
!7*L#&%3! 2/8&7(+0! .76#+67&7%+0! =#8+67+0! 86$'0!
(8+$8$6#L7(8&680! 2/7&8(+0! 7&7.76#+67+0! =8#+67+0!
86$'!.5%67!=8!<L8&8*3'!
.9/3! A! !7&/+#! A! 7&6#"%+! +7$8(=%68+!
*7$%&8+8+'!
.993!A!<&7"(7(7!=8!N%('$#%!)*7$%'!
.9H3! A! <&7"(7(7! =8! 7$#&8'! -(767:+8! =8!
E%/#+! 7$#&80!-#*+%!=%!"(7&=8! 7$#&8'!
.923! A! -(767:+8! =8! <.(7+7(! !+7/(8#Q0!
$(/$#-#$7=%! 7! 9! =8! (7(>%! =8! /0290! &7! (/7! 17#&6:
"8&#+'! )%#! 2/8(! =8&/&$#%/! 7! <&$;$*%$6=#8! 7%!
$7(*7(8&6%'!
.9I3!A!78(/+7*6(!E#.8(67=70!$7&6%!B50!H'!
.913!A!B*J7=70!*#L(%!ccBB'!
.903! A! @! -8+67(8&6! =%*#6#2/8! =8! !+7(*8+! 50!
=/8! =8! E%((7#&8! 86! =8! %7(0! 8&! -7L8/(! =/! (%#! =8!
N%&"(#80!E8#$G#"0!W8#6(7&!.=7(#+30!/1910!#&:/90!-%#!
8=#67=%!$8*%!7.7=8!=8!!+8L(8(%&63!68(!$%(!7/6%(!
N8&(#!=8!16(776(7&0!(8(.(%!=%!$%&+8/+%!'/*#$%!
=%!#($8(7=%('!
.9;3!A!-8+67(8&6!=%*#6#2/8!=8!#'!=8!57/.7&0!
86$'0! =7&+! *82/8*! $8! +8#"&8/(! =%&&8! *8+! (%;8&+!
=^7/"(8&68(! $%&+#=6(7.*8(8&6! *8+! (8L8&/+! =8! *7!

454
!%/(%&&8! $7(! *^667.*#++8(8&6! =^/&8! =#(8! (%;7*80!
86$'0! /0:0! %/! /0:;0! 9! L%*'! #&:#/9'! <! %.(7!
7$7(8$8(7! 8(! /19I! +%.! %! 6J6/*%! E8! "667#*! =8! *7!
)(7&$8!+%&+!*8!(d"&8!=8!E%/#+!cB5'!
.993!A!1'6'0!B0!##0!/90'!
.H:3!A!E8+!)8((8+!17L7&68+0!BBB0!##'!
.H/3! A! )%#! 8(! L#(6/=8! =8+68! $7++%! 2/8!
E7($+8(! $+7(%/! 5%*67#(8! ,.8+67! -8(7! =8! 2/8! +8!
68(!6/=%!7!68(8(4'!
.H93! A! 58*7:+80! &%+! %(7&+0! E8! #%&=8!
$%((8!#*!L7'!
.HH3! A! 87L7$+%! 8(! 8+$7&+%*! 2/8(! =#G8(!
$7&7*+7'!
.H23! A! "8&%(#&7>?%! =7=7! $8*%+! 8+$7&+,#+!
7%+! '(7.8+! 8! 2/80! +8"/&=%! E#66(60! +8! 6%(&%/! /(7!
#&*\(#7! +#"&#-#$7&=%! 6(7#=%(0! $6(-#=%0! 6(767&68'! "%!
8+$7&+%*!(7((7&%!A!$%($%!8!67(.6(!(7*=#6%'!
.HI3!A!176;(#$%&0!$7$J6/*%!cEB5'!
.H13!A!176'0!B0!5BBB'!
.H03!A!E#L(%!5BBB0!8$#"('0!ccB5'!
.H;3!A!"8!=%&6%0!BB0!5BBB'!
.H93!A!-8.'0!cBB'!

455
.2:3!A!E#L(%!Bc0!I0;'!
.2/3!A!@LJ=#%0!)7+6%+0!B5'!
.293!A!1/0:1/;'!
.2H3! A! 1/7! %.(7! #&6#6/*7:+8! <$%*%"#8! =8! #'!
=86#6:=#8((8! +/(! +%&! 1;+6d(8! =8! &%&! [68(&#66! =8+!
=8#&8+!V!58&#(0!/01/0!#&:/9'!
.223! A! 787&! E8! =8**86#8(! 6! 7/6%(! =8! /(7!
"#++8(676#%&! +/(! *^<($+8! =8! 5%60! /?%0! /0:20! #&:
/9'!
.2I3! A! @$#&#?%! =8! "8+$7(68+! $(%-8++7=7! &7+!
8+$%*7+!7%!68($%!=8!5%*67#(8'!
.213!A!58*7:+8!$7$J6/*%!cB!=%+!7/#G8+'!
.203!A!E8LJ6#$%0!$7$J6/*%!cc5BB0!99'!
.2;3! A! !%=%(*7%(%(! A! (8#! =%+! 8*7(#67+!
$%&68($%(R&8%+'! =8! <.(7?%'! #8&6G8*! A! $+8-8! =7!
7*7! 7/+6(J7$7! &7! "/8((7! =8! /02/'! -%(%/! #/&#$+!
7!/I!=8!-8L8(8(%!=8!/029'!
.293! A! 57! "6-8&+8! =/! #%&=7#&0! =%! $(,$(#%!
5%*67#(8'!
.I:3!A!@LJ=#%0!#86'0!B0!H9'!
.I/3!A!BBB!=%+! 8#+0!$7$J6/*%!cBc0!/I!8!/1'!

456
.I93!A!<6%+!=%+!<$,+6%*%+0!$7$J6/*%!50!H20!HI!
8!H1'!
.IH3!A!<6%+!=%+!<$,+6%*%+0!$7$J6/*%!5BBB0!9'!
.I23!A!1,$(768+0!N#+6,(#7!<$*8+#'+6#$70!*#L(%!BB0!
$7$J6/*%!ccc5BBB'!
.II3!A!!-'!<&+7#%!+%.(8!%+!$%+6/(8+0!$7$#6/*%!
!c!B'!
.I13!A!@+$#&#7(0!$'!9H:'!
.I03!A!B+6%!-%#!8+$(#6%!8(!/012'!
.I;3!A!E7!)%&67#&80!*#L(%!BB0!-'./*7!BB'!
.I93!A!!-'!@)8&0!*#L(%!50!8$#"('!5BBB'!
.1:3!A!@!(8#!=8!=%(6/"7*!7%+6!BB'!
.1/3!A!7/#G8+0!cB0!;/:;H'!
.193!A!1'6#(7!c50!;/:;H'!
.1H3!A!<6%+!=%+!<$,+6%*%+0!$7$J6/*%!ccBBB0!1'!
.123!A!7,0!cB50!91'!
.1I3!A!<$J+6%*7!7%+!-8++'*#%+0!$7$'!B5'!
.113!A!!%&=#**7$0!-(7#66!=8+!18&+76#%&+0!6'!BB0!
$'!/9;'!
.103!A!=86(O&#%0!!B5!/:H'!

457
.1;3!A!E/$(6$#%0!BBB0!I9:H'!
.193!A!@L#=#%0!)7+6%+0!BB0!2I:1'!

458
!!
m!$%$;*8-6!9::/!A! #=8&=%!!7+6#"76!#%(8+!
!
58(+?%!$7(7!8%%%&!
8%%%&+%(7+#*'$%(!
!
nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn!
7/&+%!9::/!

!!
=(%#.#=%!6%=%!8!2/7*2/8(!/+%!$%(8($#7*'!
18!L%$K!$7"%/!$%(!8++8!*#L(%!
5@!i!)@B! @C%<"@X!
5%$K!68(!8+68!8!(/#6%+!%/6(%+!6J6/*%+!8 D-B1!
=#(86%!&7!-%&68T!
)))'8.%%&+.(7+#*'$%(!

459

You might also like