(Clare B. Vassallo (Cniversity of Malta) Bilingualism and Translation: Code-Switching in Bilingual Fiction and the Translator’s Dilemma Introduction The caren focus a the enmationl sujet (A. Seyan 200. Ape 2005, 1. Wiion 2012, and eters) enterperry Merary wrk rings the the: ‘ati foe a characte whos aly bingo malting whose plight igi the vaysin which the india be, the ior poap oe whol ations of malaga speakers moe between langage ocala ‘xpecaions embeded whi thm, Each angus, dlc type of Scots ets sword pict or eneyopdi af raga Lnowidgy expect tons and habits (U Bea, Vi 1997, Vaso 2015), Engcopedin may ‘reap and ull expectations may be sia fo a pres degen: aac’) _snongEaropeas tur making the movement betwen Input sot weve there maybe clu difeencen sch athe esparton ef fon eto genpaphy and cme, sede town gender quay plone ‘ace or nationality towards anther which ay be config te ® News words, there iba tansaton problem une there call ven ete "he sure ad the tre langage (and readership) (19894, “Trandtion const of fa more than senchng for ‘ule meaning in ‘tage anguage Infact he very neon ofeuilence nation ple cance of rasan theory ort the us, a come undersea se ave ‘Speakonlanguage ithoutecouset theher which maker conerson with ‘on-Nalee Engh peak ineresingy cl A Malt comparbe os Sing and ober bens of Bghsh wh eherlngorges swiespresdin Male 1M. Cronin (203) dscase igus staat crewed trough global ‘son and enlorzaton which he dover raph ign hat hen one langage isa major wor langage ss Engl in the as of and, al Shape and ether Bets post-aenil eins and counees,sndthe terns Jes powefl ong risthe ce ith Male poke only 4,00 habia ‘onthe and (and Males emigretsn various pars ofthe wor) He pis oat ‘that minor languages that are under prere rom poverl major languages ‘onenccur lec and eythane ns they become mire. ages ofthe dominant angage (2003: 14) (Codeseching se enency general observed spechratherthan nwt tng. Wear ben to pre-ctng lngege wih tbe grommnn end ales thetare mor endenin the writen frm, howeer sce spect precede wing Innovation occur manly a pech habs which ney evestualy dhe way ino the witen fc which nce a icons epotory Some changes desi dans sper oly etn nae Sopp where hes ay ‘ental make her yn the more conservative andadned wren er fslanguge. There orm end tend te peer ofthe moll aac wi fren langage pts Delng moe rls ose toad the ‘Mopton and asian of fegs lexis Bath the erature and the ngage (country are conser inportant aspects oft main erty and ey ase ually guarded fom exces foreign influence The eary wos nthe ‘onal anon ae sent be recive of ofc ng nore an ofthe Ctrl wealth fs maton oin Pe Bourde (196) erm. cate apa Despite the milion of speakers wo live in nalingsal enronment in "Brope and who code-oich reply. Baropean leat as Dy and age ‘otined 19 maintain fs essentially monotingsal form. The oeriinghy208 (CareE Vale ‘menting mate of wien lngug as ad he eff coniing mono: nga ae apparentstandatd norm, ad the mixing of lng ey Inferior and informal mode to be wed inspec bt maining’ ecg ‘beneath the fral wien Yeeeah rangefratlsea ede sea [acces isto belo As. Delibsts and R. Gruman 2005 1) pose ek ‘be el maltinguli’ of county lee" the ice octal oes stueindsed, monolingual ‘Despite his tee ian nresing paleo code sitchingin wing Le sy ts, patsy fren igs ting aka Misa ge selibrately ede rire oftanguges aly Ltn athe vrei hee sompstion of light and cme ere The te for sach worst nme olay dingo cetry Pan, nd red om he wer er ao sete by Psst ine moron ts mau nd gee ‘fest veein whch wor merelangnesarembed ogee. vaste isa itcaied droga asocitions eer ote specs peal vo iver ied ati withthe Medd weenie ey ‘spoke. When se in trary conta ws rexered for humoreas ihn fee nonsense vere sul tse, and ofr intned ar eos osidcle, Macaroni, lie code-swiching tno ocala pees communes whee bth he wt andthe fies we ape fering oy onthe us, delbertyungrammtcal ad siden tendingo tee langnges. is device that continues ob ed in made re ate rose ann vere, ying leno atin eet nd mere wc neg daiterate ner ina itll intercrater od someting, sho comie ects a inthe wrtings ofan oye, paral ans Wa, TS Blots The Wasteland aoe eros waa, ‘Weal encounter usages dere crocs Eedknors pec cal nthe psc ofthc Satan The Nae of fhe Rese 96S) sinh i chapern Bauln (21002002) Thee ponagerae Gerson strc and humorous on the one and bat ae alo oan hte ‘nding thelingusti change that rope pase hugh nthe egos of tn rm igure tothe vera tenges of oso geo sho pointe problems, swe as resin slatons ft the ator "bie lok at WliasnWeaverstrarltions of El non evel boo 2, Brussels as Babel - the EU and language Both code-snichng nd macaroni wag are ring ease pose nha ‘hey accurately eft the manera which language ae ed a copton ‘Bigs ad Tans 28 Buropeancentes sch Brus and Laxerboary, to The creat ove met of pope ether a encouraged by EU polices evident inthe removal of Ineo borders in Schengen member cots, nd encod by echage ‘rogramme for stdents and ages for workers or ce eared a fm the ce of ncreasng migration from Ais aod oer oubled aren hat undeny ‘wovaht wth change in ingistc end cr condtons onli seus, ‘urs ofrtonal lige tations Irerturerand canoe being calenged ‘snd qustaoed bth fre woot nd fm whi, The ehnocent not of sao esi inked eer andlangaage among ter aor nese Ing cles io qton asthe atts rege ona shi The bk even language ad erry. the ny sumption hit German inspec [Germany Fresch in Franc and on sunderied yt nr ‘of people and he exablshment flings and eat mints Are aoe nd Tuk in Germany recalling elses cate 'eroed A aku arto ponders this point In ela othe tego, ‘St who as ome to be ced Amadeo by hi ian ens inthe noe Mapes intn Ctnala pane ae cone ‘woe in pra ne anes ala Ce et ese ‘Socom eh (Bh ws it On soe wh bn i al a an page ‘tide ar a x lgage na aa ao tec ae ‘ego ey combed 1) ‘roel centre ofthe EU, ha become the eome ofthe mig and mal ‘aur Eropean cy. Wah an inc of people echng tales, tn anembourgth ed he FU to hundreds of MEPs sare ad erp 1 fw 2c tn dies eA swam every prs ce ‘orl sors anda rere in contac wth meen eggs ‘on dy bal This phenowenen a ot gone uated ann of eee ‘nthe so-called ‘Beusels based non tht fenly ake wc anon os then and tanto and interprets prtagont cently bth thes ‘hors A Lakhosand A. Vela Ger and tr merase tua, 2 Th ro aie Br bd a ah ete Stags What pe ‘nd Bal 9) ae aaa edlmapcea hr nd vk ede cig on mine png ok Sepp ie hanes atts ae ae ‘Slicmuhemborbuhiontensibertonesncr ts natea0 ace Vee Mating stants ger a pn ther ich ea ‘stoi novelty: eter the use gua anc, Lat a he past and Ege lish ody o da (on ation to) in of hoc alinguio yeas nature oflnguage rd orl or immedi pragmatic temps tance, ommunition i taxi bas wang Yoms and ober sions Theater ‘semble and functions in uch the ane way are acteic’ mite ofthe Miele Ags i Deptt ephemeral nar ates have been made ap, turethe manner of his frm oforl communication owe end ao oma ts Buoponta, echoing Esperanto bt einging modern Europe thefre Ast rma eit in Europ perro toa malig suds the Mie Hops ast, Bruslin 2010" en experientintrnsngel undersaning at vas surrey oundestnd The dg word hes ao spd ‘on version Neth dacused at some length by Apes (200) ine the cs fhe casio The Tranlition Zon tures agi ni ay sated forms inthe erature she diseases fom zones around the werd and et of ‘Burope that ate ad contact wih the Engh anguge ‘Over the ast few decades Eglsh has al bern rns fom the ‘ se of imperaintothelngsage of global culture osn EU working gage ‘Spoken by to-nate speakers ling anc tht he become ceasing Ioeatd emis place ofogn Bust (208-47 obere hath contin feasting oes type it of mags spears fat becoming bal nom. She argue a “amino fap cel eon dein owe mage et ca hn Eg ee eat Intec om and nae plete nih pig act pc en non oy Sna aes Pgh eg ‘dda post ang ‘hen angag,nG, Deleuze nd Gata terms 197) as become ‘tron wed by may aon-ave peaks toute wordastn pen chan for commen ‘Speakers of more than ae guage dunes that direst nguogs cea an opporty for bevior ain to that ofthe chasm. In pac rms, ‘fing between nang oc tnlting nee presents the pele wi the 4 The Zap dan proc ere pr ofthe BAA Ran Asaction of Ann Higher dacs Cafe 00 which a Bingley ed anion a ily 0 ay hing in was specific eck ange. things that canot be sd In qatedhesame way in ancter ‘at can esd in ong ent dhol of htc be ‘dod wat cate i eer re gern pea eg "nsw uh ee (Geen nd e132, ‘Ue a cameleon, the muting speaker doe not hag shape rn ba ‘hits colour, one and enphas to eter mage wih the sutouning owe of behavior Ris Bending proces «way of ot raving ateton ta ‘toute is gation of vatying ameter of seh an behviot Malling spears become te own tats snd carl marty ‘sug trough the shared curl and nuit eneyeopedi othe eed communes thy are fui wth, "uropean ces hve Beco tncressingy ae visly mulling nd mt tral whe tensions and sean forming beten agen poole simian Teleance of ference, vo sppealing in theory, becomes et ‘rub holders with ona dy bats athe metaphor fhe dover Roane ‘spurte in A, Laos lath of Centon Over an Bevo issn Vi ‘ai (2008), ee demons: ssi Seder ar ics ar mage on needing fon hy tng happen ayy sr ‘ie are aot pene pinning nage ‘conn vin eee We mck se ‘netsh lathe ese ees ‘Lato novel st writen Aric 199, then reste and plished {i bling! Hain / Arabi veo, and ater tensed into Engh yA Golds, ian excel example af eaingsal novel which ats exert sues oflanguage and care dah ot ninth formal presentation es “ngul edtion bt importa nthe thematztion of ues and acl soe Wl cue the owl in some depth an describes how the sepa Impset~horantaly om nguapeto language an etal fom oral to 55 Mi ani Ca teehee hgh ‘steht econo ustgpa arate ind oa eee ‘ese uly rn eyelet cs dacnee ‘tern wh Ys mtn mice ees gang Seelam yw nv wy ae Staigerosmn cal nes ey pong sore oe Sdn a ymm (Cueto ‘c- dtbns mesingand dees ure and nang, ile simlaneoudy etroiang them ough he ime ae bhinge ein ania). ‘Theva a opts sine sn pec hat mck of hee {tao ete gusting cll expectations takes pce nde he, Angsitisnnovation becomes ener mato The maior ‘ected int the wits lm fx lpi ay begin ti ney ‘evar acclerting i inroduton io theme ee sad cose, ete frm offal ate ists ae iforna er ba sande oe Ofte writen ngage nation tin af nee in puede ‘the kind flings innovation ht tangas ween Arte ae ‘one impacts upon theater steps ee ete es sept tng tr we cue acy managed eng et pee dea ‘ch these yas Badin dos apg his rca ese et Tain is ten mf aa 3+ Beo, the language of Babel, and bilingual translation Sich ning angaagess fours not ee pei a he hor of ape {Ben (195-18) mh account ofthe ec rhe eve language whe lecibe a' reamand (a sere f fre? gor back othe oo ofthe ‘ontnent we know a arope emphasing lingual dws and ts dati ope wath cn pr gis Epa ch up the cn en ett ern ea ts Ea ar ety Ine os bth ct rms fing gion a ae ene seein ate esi oa in Ey {Bar ponds here account tracing utopian experinents rg ith ats and logue tpt sinh see ceteoy Lal, algun, |. Wins. GW: Leni an oh. The hope hing pet ange ‘unger the Fall Rome andthe les Latin as alangage fhe ‘sd iniver commune, ano contrat Babelan dendoprt ne ‘any Buropean ones In The Na ofthe Roe andthe opening chapter of Bandon, Bo fan tus the fragmento inthe nui Hsory of Earp tn The Na of te ove the characte Slvr, decibel by Willan ef Bailes ot oe, hooks ke sn nina and peaks the lnguage of abel (183 6 i depled 6 See Ee canon on ange an Balin Th Sh rte er eng ‘exon ofthe erin ten aon, be cha open wh Blo inzoduag hast nfo yet eng vernal tht ngrammitl andl nrctrnnee ae ‘her provide pe oclug 7 ie i Ale fra fa ns pnd ei cl pen vac eh lee acre-feet pee een ee ‘ett roe sea bch ee {anni fa fe errant hep ‘Ine fm oi anny ane ‘aot paing eqns meng wane nconategnsen ¢ ‘Polanco ancl ac (vy this mean tha tensors hav to mean ntrpettie hypothe ‘boat the eft programmed te rgalx Many pacne caf aa, comes sei (Fa a a, pois and we may al th language of testi a Add Leferee ros both the xpeson andthe repoetny ofa culte and menaced ee ‘ratio era ters depend onthe sand uur alg ee 7S fie nko tn, print oe a Tepe as seat onsen once ah on translation in Rainn, Dire quns la tess cosa (2003, = j | |a4 (he. Vto ‘A. Lefer (199217 argue cometh prob ta tse ding tae ‘on procs are on the octionary lee hati thee of ‘vic guages sed pela far eet andthe anal nl ese ‘ecaney both he sera infraton content the ext nd ts canary over th practic, ands) neni aay eit end thee bok Sota the second ‘he effect ine txts are nul of potlogil Meola and ae ‘het hind ad hey do net lay lend hemes to functional ete the ngage. Teste aps oat gett fen ponte find the det eqtalest rin another guage pecially the wolangeges tue very diferent in terms offnguge fame cle td tre. Thi er ‘al fare for terry tunltrs who ete a beige the gp Between ets fclcatursin yea was However he ineanc of o mings na erry teat ets fetta ae ot propery gust bt cons of oper ‘aliraland papmat ration between pl flanges tht re peal {singles shader tod functional eqaalentaraoltion in theese ofthe ltl of languages D. Desai, R rain (205 2) nds ing tana ofthe bing tert dim hat becase ofthe atc ar of ‘he ical guste dversty uly considerable ko spenring oe having averse pte! dwopaed in aa A Left 19%, 29s in areement and considers ht tranators who op Tosigh werd a ‘wala oe an inp fe: ‘mn aren sete Sh of gp (heise an seta an Terr ea it ‘hye og rath hte et te ourotbe sig ‘Theres condersbe icy ive inthe tredaton of ilngual marae, sos partly whee the embedded ngangeinthe ogi the nats a ‘og oft rated text “he tempaton to reste 3 soit rapiton in ge language tant ‘oun oa misreading and misterpetan ofthe oars f LVent 2000) Sine the meaning of ich igual page ot ect the mening of the words but he page meaning hat tobe neptune ae ‘nsplen contre What meting sow smating ad ad nt py wht sal Making reference to HC. Gi (1957) on thi pot, a eal that the Mix of Manner concer not mach wh hat dbl pe ely wit owt ei Tn theese othe bling tet thelangage chart linguli sedTanaton ais ‘hoosesto speaks both relevant and meaningful, The raster fen to rant ado prodiein the target tt that which ot ad ato Inlied inthe source. The choi of ngage sede manera, 2 character uses communicate ae sd soil meaning tn hese ‘altar tha is ot dependent on the excl! end iter more iat ‘0 comment intesation Patera sch av Tarlton Prac, "may provide coral an hora background ha cap some wey toma roving content forthe arg eater 4. Malta and the bilingual novel ‘The nerpay offanguages in Mal, specially alee, Eglsh and al Aas ‘ad enermous plat cults socl and rary impletins oe he ose ‘he 208 centry was paler from lings an patel pee few tothe een tht incidents at ame to hein the 930 seed toas the language guest n Mata har boos (Gal 1993). Mal stan hited from a caloay originally preteen 1600) whet an es spoken by the educated das and Make was anu veracl othe ‘utes ofthe Scond Wd Wain which ow Males peopl fought songs ‘he Brith amy against the Assocs (th whom many of Mal ced Ilan -edocted cies were in spp to Indopendece in 964 with te Consittnaly embeded atic that Mal aso have fo fal lengnge alee and Engh, hereby mining Han rm revi ately com ‘postion onthe idan (fC Vaal and Calar 2005), ‘Both Male and Engh spoken by th local population, bt ot gly According to resech cared ut by he soiling Sica tad, Waals (2006), ites, through amino language on the weld ager ave sade, ng snot conser endangered o mint within sow tery ie _efered poke guage mre than 30% fhe populton hes Enh ‘theft fred pate guage of nde the popula yet Eo ‘sthelangug of choi or mos wring and reading, forbes and eter met othe majo he popuaon, Matsa anual curry witha dines lls ad a poplaton that inceasngly les on codes many domains ‘As rece 201, he gust Bn, a Mat and Other Languages: A Lng History of Mat, deserbed Ye danger of binge on soca ‘alt chiming ht twas ply spreading tal es both echo and do mes (2011495) and tht Angie Mate. rey serena pele ‘seat work notin erate or jcrmai tw now) OT a2) tiscole of words inate the upon that this oa on hang bathe could ot ve pected tha inl period of yer conse ube ae erry wrt would nage content code-rihing td fl ogy in Engi win the mati Male agunge ‘hema ia genre thats vat nd ruber pert deine Malcoln Ba bury aight description hol inthis contest touche teal on end when he sate ta, th ficiton ofthe novelist bees ose. sentinel deason, kale the prblemefthe ature Setlon a Pa ry ear tof toned yerons of relly (R Fovle 1987.12) Se ne ofthese etre fa noel tha pret the reader with eaten ‘unding nog. ses han surpesig Ua he ingen elemetin Male fon sould have made ts appearance preceln dialogue bene cares “The mulling novel, which few yas was conser ‘an unconventional orn of tuys now becoming more vet in aay direst angonpes incadng Males. D. Delabasta and. Grutman (2005) decribethe ition concerning ths sb- ger ofthe novel in this way ‘ingen ells ey ch ome pon ig fk {sexe tuto at mnageio ney ae ‘ng yom che et yd eo ‘haope and perinte Despite theft hat mutingusis snot «new phenomenon bt ets the normal veraculscndton of many people ove the cette tha ot been ‘er vein the ear ream bu is expececingsomehing on phan “he deste fora wider readeripof Maes writing as oan ceased ‘eet inwanson The mar Bgl and rl exas ie btween [Rngugein Mala pee itereingchllegeto rata ede Cle the ull understanding of be hare he carl plc the co textual en sidertos in bi the pga of ie between then two langage Der “ndesstood bythe rede who has scs but. Tee gaan pga Infomation which the aoe A.V Ger, in Srp ea Sar Veo, takes for rated. The embeded play betwen tena renr indicates hae stutde, oowedge of pltcal evens sol tensions hte fia, ad hich vel withthe adr encyapei sd there raat epane The ental themes sbot suspicion betwen scl cies pital gest ation ety cass, scl apt, how ice of language nde he ie i ‘sumed ob sured knoriedge whic he ener ately rig othe be ogi the gps the text seceding cus pln by the author The rene ‘angulation aw oe trans novels unl o have the same bacgrond ination nd (herening experiences therfore bound to be dierent ‘Vel Gers nove peda writen in alee th rau ich 10 Engh malig a intereing and challenging wrk to ade from teas point of view The pia reste in Engl Lt pay terand servant ie ken fs Depeche Mode aan blue alent the scat alana pst made ible through the se if Eglh, The Englh eof the int chapter. "Te Sor? induces «ctr writen amor exe “Mates withthe ocesonal wader ate, sach ax prayer ra within Mal tee sentence. Such ners done cary spr fnt of ade ething Stes the Eglsh word bar become the normal fence torch groupe a dos otcarrys deere ete ofthefosign, Hover ss neiaty lowed Uyong sentence in an Engl et a fp ype of ato al fr agai wit nd re, 1b oth Aah gah oe Di ase tectapa tn “Toesichingbeneen one language and he cheba here and rung the wile now through he thoughts and commento the ara tendo be used whe the pss er quoaton or echoes of pl ln epsed Ps rquttns om sage pit ppt, nthe shove crane hich rst the leader fhe oppo pati the 180s ho wa ee ‘eed sa sort of evens sai to lad he Nani Pty bak ther ight place government Mot et in ng i owee need Through dete oar Some chaper ch Ott ein te fist pen ‘urate wisn Mee an air wo pages witches it a logue ete the marta Nod, and his othe Simon, hat complete spol in Eola, ‘withthe cision para iertan tn tes sate chapter snes ‘ely writen nog snes compote ofan eal exchange bene eo ‘ural, Francs and Noel he prtgoit mart who Mates stot ‘ow ign Lsembarg making ing of bis gal il Tntheseton ie orl -isia the second chap Satchel he ft eon maar destbs his hdhood sn expan tat fury grew op ‘Stetn which every fly. apr rombie poke Maes, wet oor ‘School abd ved Labour Hs mi onthe ober und spoke Engi among hamslessent thee ilte to peat church schol an voted Nation “Ti nen th cruel the gat sold. “Te comvettons th ke lee in Engh Sip ae aot constaty| ‘etecperid wth Maltese words and expesons. On th coker, os of hean Care Vso lalogu ia Malet dos no contain instances of code icing a of moving from one langage to anahe except ef tohe les oa song some pleat logan or oer ae pha. The narrator languages predominaly Makes, rich nae evident tat beh taken curl nd polit tnd in oppo ‘Son toe Engh pening fay yt ough Nae in ween Males, ie language fl f movement oad om Engh ina manner which reveal is Sigal pring snd teary he elon bots angus une mask ‘ter alee guns spe nthe rove Hs joarney ine Make Serie ‘oti complte ih hs jection of English ad bls move, togter wih it Sona to Zagora Noth Af on the at page othe noe ‘Mod instances ofcod-retchingin the novel oar inthe dc speech of speakers whose dominator mart, language is English, a inthe allowing Innance Tis ot ch sem ga an sig. 18 ep nth wie Solr ore "a Wh ou i ep tt aye "St Pah a ete sn tmnt Pe “Hc yor tea pe es by ors ins wae ‘Secession aah ‘kerma dpe (8) The ter jr nee of ngage overt nd code siching does ot cesar dala tthe nin ef he arto rier he en Seay over etree eo gg mst in be ening ‘ample wh there pen “a bd hembra ee a nt teoldeor ba. od {pup ep orn ron ce al ta et ean Tothe Maes render tematic guage andthe eed guns ag ‘hot, tng tong ted guage theo dc an pen Poli alton ofthe speaker Once al of comeraton se tant no Engh the pragmatic unpoken denen of his pore temiot neo. ‘ch ogg diernce let Ober et vos meanings wou lio be ‘inguin eon as Tost iin the above expe for nance, when the aro ise his amis ome fess mothers oneal isdeserptonin Malese ety cheno "Engi telaguageeasocte hemo Tire within ‘heeotona wed afte nove ut would be comple lotfthe ble ction sere tbe ranted ato Engh Conclusion The tandaton of Maes iton which sometime incadedilogein Male an Engh complexe stghrward erin anyother sation a8 Tongs the anor working into tet ange ot Engl the Engh word and phrss ate ened a English, which how they oc the rgd sure text the th eet ofthe moreent betwen the language, ‘natural tlie‘n Nas, lot [ASE Aperdscuses in The Trt Zoe (2008, the many Engen ‘he ol (her foes maint ey Barop) elie ier work hat bring elements ofa me guage within sn Eph tr, where he Eghi asa song ll Bein traf grammar ees ae, pt and ‘on These woes char the Plppno we M. Sliver Mongo Bde O13) etn in gl wth Tagalog code-swichig ca nds lee for tare thn the rode anon of wks a Engl Sach x novel can oe rn Ind lt ober language a the embed Tagalog vl ve the ne pact, ‘or fanctonal euler fr the reader ofthe tant text Teeny a Vigorous an lng etait canon of Stan n Englh tha resonates oo ith ther langage ane cctures, Wt sch ss Monica Al, Sala Rb ‘VS Nap Aruna Ry. Abd Save, David Malouf nda eer ooker Priel a tig in th aware of iret sities Engl they ae ‘spoken nd weten allover the ibe awl ain th ited Kengo, Many of ‘thee ovelre wten in Engl and there ate a rand in he nol ‘ease and yet thy do ranntehpet of cre attde a ie theughte ‘sc af the Engi inguage crying the lavours fIndo, Ae, the Crea, ‘Americ, Asli New eland~ad alo theming nde ‘ted Kango ode lang with This othe ae with owl sachs [eSrip whose se Mase ot Eg isthe tonic otro heparan combination of alee Engh wtng whch tng reflect ‘weet logue (Bday) hat rests being tented into Engl ts posse esses beng anid it te language ofthe aon is inde dsb A Vela Gen he petagnist0 (Care. Vase ‘urn hick on Boe andthe Eglo angaage nd efor North Afi nd the Smt rot of inguin enti References ‘Avatar A 1996 Mederaty a Large: Cato! Dimension of Galeton, ‘Minsespalic Univer of Minna Pee Bast, 8.208. The Tanatin Tara in Cdr Si a eri, . 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Bilingual Landscape of the Contemporary World_bograpic Information pblshed by the Deutsche eonaibbotes ‘Th Det Nanak ts pblcton in ‘he Deutsche Natonliblogrefe detaled bllogphic ‘dts aveablentheintemerst panda de brary of Congres Cataloging in Pubation Data ‘Names: Grucr, Sumber, | Opis Seb, Magalns eto | otanowsl ot, Feta. ‘ier Biingaa landscape fhe contempoccy wel / Samos Grex, Magen Ope Se, lt Raman), Deer: Fafa Main New York Pe Lang (2018) Serie ime Sen erin su sgeweten Lng; Tener: Len 2016022 1SBN 9749166706 (Pat) ISBN sresss06s912( Boa). ‘Subjects LH Bingo. |Sotlenon, Education, Baga | anguages in conte Language and ear Soctingustes asain: toc Pa 5357s 2015 DDC eau 2c ‘eecord aaa tts cen loc go20\ S30 ‘his pubeaon was encially suppor bythe Unies of Wars, issvatse- 720 sun are a 0760 Pind PRN chosen ElsaN oo outs (8700) ISIN 783.31 s0u 8 D108) eaterlang abit Inurnetnse Veg erineschaton Freira ain 08 tls seve eer Langton san npn a Ptr Lang Gabi Peter Lang ranktrt am Mal Ber Bases: New York ‘ord Warsaw Wien ‘atpensoftna penne proce by apy. lan ou see te cpp tat ‘he permison oft pblaber ifsc and ae ‘rent Tat ppeta pret reproducons ‘teitonsmirofinng and stage snd sen ioe Rta ome “The pubeston as bown peered ‘peeangcom Contents tori Not Robert Bago Naa Poropat let Ket Ble ‘The alopbone Ren he Crowap ne Senn hoa Bown Ba Harel Sharon Aen Lte ‘Ober Rives Bilngunl Acqusto:L/Rasan, Leow — Vena Cardona lings Edvcaoa: om Inpemeataton to Program Buson, ‘ACase Stay roman Haan Tarik Kinder, Crit lores Plar Barbas, Mana Cae Noms ‘A Cloner Lok at Cro Ling Infence nthe Acquistion of Portas nea Herage Langage. ~ Andrea aan el Richness the Spontaneous Speech of Adu Onset Bling cite Hudry Mio Ure, isa Ranney le it, Res Kn “The ts lingual Exposure for Cre wih Ate ‘Spectrum Dundes: Curent Koowldge an Putte Diet. Borba jatzak ‘Bling ram Mised Funds The terelaion basen lua Pieeatng Methods and Fcters of Langage Aegation on the Example of Geran Pali lr Maleate Machowak- Kook “Between the Two Words A Language Socialization Perspective os ent Negation among Polak Adleretsin elise — Magdalen Opt Shia snd egy ong ~ Conon fe (ose Sty Ant 9 19Piotr Remanowsé Some Reflections onthe loses Binge Education a Steondary Shoals ia Pend Seen Sam Do lingual at Oe Language to Spsk Anatheyo manne nae 19 lar Valo goals nd Teansaon: Code Swingin Bing tion end the Mandates Dem ne ee ne 28 Ath o—eevene ——)