ls5103 Fielda Finalexam

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Dr. Hoffman, Spring 2019
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Cataloging and Classification Spring 2019
Final Examination
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Part I: Essay Questions
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Essay Question #1
Libraries have been conducting the process of cataloging for many decades to ensure
library patrons are being provided with a way to locate resources available in the library. Library
cataloging is the process of recording necessary information about each resource (i.e.- author
information, contents note, and publication date) in a bibliographical record and publishing the
bibliographical record in the library’s catalog. Libraries catalog their materials to have a way to
easily access the materials in their collection when needing to know what materials are available
in the library and which items need to be purchased for new collections. When libraries are in the
process of updating collections, it helps being able to locate information on what is currently in
the collection and what items could be weeded out due to out of date information or lack of use
in the library by patrons.
When cataloging first began, very few librarians were trained in the process of cataloging
the resources in the library and did not understood how to write a bibliographical record.
Catalogs were also organized in cataloging shelves and written on cataloging cards. Patrons
relied on librarians to help in locate cataloging cards. As the years passed, library catalogs have
transition from physical cataloging cards to digital-based catalogs. This process of transitioning
to a digital-based cataloging system has helped reduce the amount of time spent on cataloging
resources in the library setting and more time helping with patron needs. Library vendors are
now providing libraries with MARC records that are already completed and ready to be entered
into their cataloging records. This helps reduce the amount of time reproducing the same
bibliographical records because we are now sharing knowledge with other libraries.
Many libraries have transitioned into the modern-age of cataloging, where library
catalogs are available online. By having the library catalog available online, library patrons are
able to access the catalog from any location, at any time of day. Library catalogs are much more
than just an inventory because it provides the library patrons with much more information about
each resource. When the librarians are looking up information in the cataloging records, it
provides descriptive information about the resource, along with connecting all the materials that
have information in common. The catalog organizes the materials to be visible to patrons when
information in the bibliographical record has relatable information. For example, when a patron
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searches the catalog by a title, it will provide the title and other titles that were written by the
same author. When a patron searches the catalog by subject, it will display all materials that have
relatable information about the subject.
Library catalogs are important to the library and to the library patrons. By having the
online catalog available, librarians are able to keep track of the materials in the library setting
and continue to update the collections as needed. The catalog also connects groups of libraries
through an online system where other libraries can provide Inter Library Loans to their patrons
when another library has a resource available to check out. As librarians, we need to provide
current and reliable information to our patrons, and continue to work on the library’s catalog to
make sure information is accurate.
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Essay Question #2
Descriptive cataloging is the process in which the librarian is describing the different
parts of the resource on a bibliographical record and focusing on the elements that do not change
over time. Some of the elements that will be recorded on the bibliographical record will be the
author, the title of the resource, the publisher and the dimensions of the resource. These elements
are one to stay current with the resource over time. It is important that the bibliographical records
are up to date in the catalog because patrons need to be able to provide current information when
conducting research.
Through the years, libraries have transitioned from Anglo-American Cataloging Rules
which required librarians to follow a long set of rules for cataloging the resources in the library.
As librarians began moving towards digital catalogs that are available online, libraries began
following the Resource Description and Access (RDA) way of cataloging. This type of catalog
was a breath of fresh air for libraries because it provided more freedom and personalization to
the cataloging process. The RDA cataloging process provides less guidelines to follow and
focused on the authority control and the relationships between resources. By following the RDA
cataloging, libraries have more say in what is being recorded on the cataloging record and are
able to add their own library needs to the bibliographical record.
Now that most libraries have transitioned their cataloging records from physical
cataloging cards to a digital-based online catalog, the libraries had to find a way for the
computers to be able to read the cataloging records. This is where MARC, Machine Readable
Cataloging, came into the library setting. This program was made to help libraries in the process
of entering their old bibliographical records into the system and adding new records. The MARC
organizes the information from the record by using fixed and variable fields, which keeps
consistency in the bibliographical records.
When librarians are inputting new information into the catalog, the librarian will use the
RDA guidelines to enter the resource’s information on the MARC bibliographical record. The
MARC record will then take the fixed and variable fields and create a bibliographical record in
the library’s online catalog that is now available to all library patrons. This process shows how
the RDA and MARC record work together to keep the library collection consistent in
information.
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Essay Question #3
Many aspects go into the process of writing a bibliographical record in a library’s

catalog. One important aspect of the library’s bibliographical record is the authority control
because it provides access points on the record to help library patrons locate the resource they are
searching for in the catalog. The librarian uses the authority control to find and add different
access points on the bibliographical record to reduce the constraint on the patron to know the
exact word to use when researching the catalog. There are some elements on the record that are
required for libraries to have inputted on the bibliographical record. Those include the author,
subject, preferred title, and the series title if applicable. By having a wide range of access points
available on the record, patrons are able to locate the resource more easily.
The librarian is able to locate authority control access points by using two different
authority files to provide the librarian with pre-determined authority points to add on the
library’s bibliographical records. When the librarian is searching for access points to use, the
librarian is able to use the national authority file or the local authority file. Both of these
resources have access points available to the librarian to use on the record.
When a librarian is cataloging, it is important to use the authorized access points on a
bibliographic record because it helps make sure all the information in the catalog is consistent.
The librarian needs to be consistent in using the same author’s name, preferred title, the series
title, and the subject headings. This helps when a library patron is searching on the catalog, it has
connections between same titles, subject headings, series titles, and author.
The authority control is important to the catalog because it connects materials through
different access points and guides librarians to locate resources for patrons by looking on the
local authority file to see what resources have commonalities and information related to what the
patron is needing.
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Essay Question #4
When a library patron enters the library to complete a catalog search, there are two
different way of inputting information in the library catalog search bar. The first way of
completing a search on the library’s catalog is using uncontrolled vocabulary, which is
sometimes called natural language. When a library patron uses uncontrolled vocabulary in their
catalog search, the patron is able to use their own language and the catalog is able to use
different algorithms to decipher the language that was inputted into the system to locate the
specific bibliographic record that is being needed. The patron is able to conduct a broader search
on the catalog when using uncontrolled language and can also add more specific wording like
and, or, or not into the search to help search through a wider range of records in the catalog.
There are some disadvantages to using uncontrolled language in a library’s catalog.
When a library patron is searching the catalog by using their own language, the search may end
up being too broad or too narrow for the catalog search engine to locate information for the
patron. There might also be the flaw of having to many results appear on the catalog which can
overwhelm the patron and may not provide exact information the patron was searching for.
Lastly, the patron may use words in the search bar that are not listed on the bibliographic record
which makes it difficult to locate the resource needed.
The second way of completing a search on the library’s catalog is using controlled
vocabulary, which is completely opposite of uncontrolled vocabulary. When a library patron uses
a catalog that is geared towards controlled vocabulary, the catalog has a list of subject headings
and terms that are preapproved for the patron to use. As the librarians are completing the
bibliographical records on each resource, the librarian is assigning subject headings to the
records to be used in the cataloging search engine. The responsibility also switches from when
using uncontrolled vocabulary, the responsibility was on the library patron and when using
controlled vocabulary, the responsibility is on the cataloger to input different subject headings
that can be used when a patron is searching the catalog.
Some advantages of using controlled vocabulary on a catalog is it connects different
concepts under one heading in the catalog. The library patron is also more likely to locate the
information being searched because the catalog is designed to have relevant search results with
less results. By having less results, the patron will not become overwhelmed by the number of
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resources available. There are some disadvantages of using controlled language with regards to
having materials in multiple languages. When using uncontrolled language, a patron is able to
use a wide variety of key terms to search the catalog and materials in all languages will be
displayed if there are commonalities in the search. The controlled language search feature does
not provide cross-reference of materials that are in multiple languages. If a patron enters the
library speaking only Spanish, this patron must conform their language search into the library’s
catalog-controlled language format. This create a big disadvantage to the patrons who may not
speak the language of the catalog but are seeking information from the library.
When using controlled language in the library’s catalog, many libraries use the Library of
Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) because it provides a wide range of controlled vocabularies
to be used in the catalog when creating the bibliographical records. The LCSH is added to many
bibliographical records to assist in adding subject headings to the records. When adding the
LCSH subject headings to the record, the subject headings are only added to the resource when it
has been published and the subject heading is now needed for this resource. Most subject
headings follow current American English which causes difficulties for a lot of libraries who
patrons do not speak English and need assistance in other languages.
Some advantages of using LCSH is brings together the library materials that are of the
same subject headings and cross references materials to narrow down the search for the patron.
Some disadvantages of using LCSH in library catalogs is the broadness of the subject headings
and can become difficult for many library patrons and librarians to find the exact subject heading
to search for on the catalog. With some many different words being used in the English language
to describe on type of noun, it can be difficult to pin point the exact subject heading on the
catalog record. When looking at more specific fields of search, the LCSH doesn’t provide subject
headings that are in depth enough for certain career fields like the medical or scientific field of
study. Lastly, the LCSH does not provide subject headings for a community that is based on
diversity. By living in America, there are so many different cultures visiting our libraries to
locate information and by having the LCSH as the controlled language in the library catalog, a
lot of patrons are missing out on locating valuable information because of the English-centered
subject headings. It does not focus on the patron’s needs but on a stereotypical view of America
as being an English-only speaking country.
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Essay Question #5
The last part of the library cataloging process is inputting the classification information
into the bibliographical record. When looking at what library classification is, a librarian learns
how to arrange the information in the resources into categories and finding a way to represent the
categories in the bibliographical record in the library’s catalog by using notational schemes. By
using the notational scheme in the library catalog, the librarian is able to categorize materials on
the book shelves by the same subject category.
Some advantages of using library classification on the bibliographical record is it
organizes resources available in the library by the same subject category. This helps a library
patron locate the resource they are searching for because it has a classification notation attached
to it. Once the library patron locates the resource on the library shelf, the patron will also find
other resources centered around that subject because the resources were classified by categories.
There are a few disadvantages of using formal library classification in the library catalog.
The first disadvantage of using formal classification in the catalog is when a librarian is working
on the bibliographical record, a book series may not fall in the same subject heading which
means the series may not be categorized in the same section in the library. For example, if a
fictional book series had the first book of the series classified under romance but the last book in
the series was classified as action, these two books in the series would be categorized in the
different sections in the library, making it difficult for patrons to locate all the books in the
series.
The second disadvantage of using formal library classification is when books were
originally classified may not be the same subject heading that patrons would search for today.
Libraries are not updating classification subjects in which the materials are being categorized in
and when a patron searches for a subject by a modern term it may not appear in the catalog. For
example, if a person was searching how to bake, it was originally categorized in the cookery
category but in modern terms it needs to be updated to a baking category not cookery.
The two formal library classification schemes that are most used in library catalogs are
Library of Congress Classification (LCC) and the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC).
Libraries have been using these two types of formal classification for many years. When looking
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at Library of Congress and the Dewey Decimal Classification, there are advantages and
disadvantages of both schemes.
The Library of Congress Classification is a scheme that provides the one subject heading
to the bibliographical record when cataloging. The librarian is allowed to list one classification
number on the record, which provides an advantage to using LCC. By having one classification
number on the record, it brings all materials on the same subject together and helps organize the
library materials in a more meaningful way. If the patron knows the subject in which they want
to search for on the library’s catalog, it helps because the LCC will help locate the resource. The
patrons are also able to browse the library’s catalog by subject and when libraries purchase new
materials to be added to the collection, the librarian is able to put new materials in between old
materials due to subject-based classification. A disadvantage of using LCC on the library’s
catalog is materials are only allowed to have one classification number, which puts constraints
on the librarian to locate the exact subject heading to put on the resource.
When a library uses the Dewy Decimal Classification for cataloging, the library has ten
main classes to organize the library’s resources into. This type of classification was started in the
eighteen-hundreds and is still being used by many libraries today because of the wide range of
classes available to classify resources. The librarian first has to determine what the main class the
materials falls under. After the librarian has determined the main class to categorize the resource,
the librarian will further their classifying by looking at more specific divisions of the subject. For
example, learning to play baseball will fall under sports, then the more specific division could be
baseball and learning.
One advantage of using the DDC schemes in classifying resources, is it can be broad or
specific when determining the classification category. This allows librarians to have more
freedom in organizing materials in their library collections. The DDC is widely used in more
general collections like public libraries where their collections are more generalized with
information for the public. The DDC also uses Arabic numbers in assigning classification
categorizes, which helps in the process of translating into other languages and to be used in other
countries. Some disadvantages of using DDC is when it comes to cataloging in a more specific
library setting. If a librarian works in a more specialized library setting, like a medical or law
library, it is difficult to use DDC because of the classification numbers come extremely long
because of the complex subjects being classified. Lastly, when using DDC in the library catalog,
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it can become very expensive for libraries to update collections and materials. When having to
reclassified collections, it takes a lot of man power and time to complete this process. Libraries
must keep their collections updated and current to help patrons locate information. It is vital to
the success of the library and their collections.
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Part II: Cataloging Books
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RDA Cataloging Worksheet – Books
Fixed Field – Add or change codes in the highlighted areas when needed.
Type a ELvl I Srce d Audn Ctrl Lang eng
BLvl m Form Conf 0 Biog MRec Ctry cau
Cont b GPub LitF 0 Indx 1
Desc i Ills a Fest 0 DtSt t Dates 2015, 2015
Variable Fields – Fill in the proper fields. Leave blank those fields you do not use.
Fill in the Add two Add RDA cataloging information in the correct MARC subfields. Be sure to use correct
MARC indicators punctuation, capitalization, and spacing! Apply the information in the PowerPoint lectures
tags where and notes to the book you are cataloging.
where needed. Use
needed. “_” for To add a new row, put your cursor outside the table and hit enter.
blank.
020 $a 6292749372
041 $a
090 $a
092 0_ $a 929.3
100 1_ $a Gates, Henry Louis, $c Jr.
240 $a
245 10 $a Your family tree : $b introduction to genealogy / $c Henry Louis Gates, Jr. ;
forward written by Kwame Anthony Appiah ; photographs by Evelyn Brooks
Higginbotham.
246 30 $a Introduction to genealogy
250 $a Second edition.
264 _1 $a Los angles : $b Family Tree Publishing Company, $c 2015.
264 _4 $c © 2015
300 $a xiii, 375 pages : $b illustrations ; $c 29 cm
336 $a text $2 rdacontent
337 $a unmediated $2 rdamedia
338 $a volume $2 rdacarrier
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490 $a
500 $a “General book about geographic areas and all people.”

504 $a Includes bibliographic references (pages 370-375) and index.
505 0_ $a Foreword : genealogy matters / by Kwame Anthony Appiah – Before you start
your family research : getting your tools in order – The major research collections
– Census records – Military records – State and local records – Church records –
Software you can use to create your family tree – List of important genealogical
resources.
650 _0 $a Genealogy $x Family.
700 1_ $a Higginbotham, Evelyn Brooks, $d 1945- $e photographer.
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BLvl m Form Conf 0 Biog MRec Ctry enk
Cont GPub LitF 0 Indx 0
where needed. Use
blank.
020 $a 4817342824 (lib. binding)
041 $a
092 $a
100 1_ $a Gordon, Jeff, $d 1956-
240 $a
245 10 $a Cars are amazing! : $b everything kids need to know about cars / $c words by
Jeff Gordon, NASCAR race driver ; illustrations by Dr. Seuss.
246 30 $a Everything kids need to know about cars
264 _1 $a London : $b Scribner Children’s Book a division of Simon and Schuster, $c

2016
264 _4 $c © 2016
300 $a 32 pages : $b color illustrations ; $c 17 cm
490 $a
504 $a
520 $a This books provides information are different kinds of cars and how each car
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works.
650 _0 $a Cars $x Education $v Juvenile literature
6__ $a
700 1_ $a Geisel, Theodor Seuss, $d 1904-1991, $e illustrator.
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BLvl m Form Conf 0 Biog MRec Ctry ctu
where needed. Use
blank.
020 $a 3028931237
041 $a
092 0_ $a 027.7
100 1_ $a Swigger, Boyd Keith, $d 1943-
240 $a
245 10 $a Academic libraries : $b a very critical reader / $c edited by Dr. B. Keith

Swigger.
246 $a
264 _1 $a Westport [Connecticut] : $b Libraries Unlimited a member of Greenwood

Publishing Group, Inc., $c [2001]
264 _4 $c © 2001
300 $a ix, 410 pages : $b illustrations (chiefly color) ; $c 28 cm.
490 1_ $a Library and information problem-solving skills series
504 $a Includes bibliographical references.
505 0_ $a Questioning the academic library / by Alice Evans – Academic libraries and
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how they help students and faculty / John Richardson – Where is the academic
library going? / by Grace Akins and Francis Johansson – Are subject liaisons
really needed?: an examination / Ronald S. Swinton – Keeping a critical eye on
administration: do no trust the provost / Bob McDonald – Alternative spaces: the
next new library / Johanna K. Bluebell.
650 _0 $a Academic libraries $x Education.
700 1_ $a Montgomery, Paula Kay, $e editor
830 _0 $a Library and information problem-solving skills series.
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BLvl m Form Conf 0 Biog MRec Ctry mnu
Cont GPub LitF 1 Indx 0
Desc i Ills Fest 0 DtSt s Dates 1998
where needed. Use
blank.
020 $a 318273189X
041 0_ $a eng $a spa
041 0_ $a eng $h spa
090 $a
092 $a
100 1_ $a García Márquez, Gabriel, $d 1927-2014
240 10 $a Crónica de una muerte anunciada. $l Spanish
245 10 $a Chronicle of a death foretold : $b a novella / $c Gabriel García Márquez ;

translated from the Spanish by Sofia Vergara.
246 $a
250 $a First American edition.
264 _1 $a Minneapolis [Minnesota] : $b University of Minnesota Press, $c $c 1998.
300 $a 147 pages ; $c 17 cm
490 $a
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500 $a Originally published in Spanish as: Crónica de una muerte anunciada.

520 $a This story is about the murder of Santiago Nasar, who was killed by the
Vicario brothers. The reason behind the murder was the revenge of the Vicario
brother’s sister’s death. The story is being told by a narrator who once lived in the
town of Nasar and is putting together the events that lead to the murder of Nasar.
650 _0 $a Crime $v Fiction.
700 1_ $a Vergara, Sofía, $d 1972-
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(EXTRA CREDIT)
BLvl m Form Conf 0 Biog MRec Ctry txu
where needed. Use
blank.
020 $a 1234502347
092 0_ $a 794
100 1_ $a Fischer, Bobby, $d 1943-2008.
240 $a
245 10 $a I want to live on park place : $b a look at board games / $c by Bobby Fischer
and Gary Kasparov ; illustrations by Mr. Jackson Pollock.
246 $a
250 $a 2nd revised edition.
264 _1 $a Denton, Texas : $b Games and More Publishers, $c 2014.
264 _4 $c © 2004
300 $a vi, 163 pages : $b illustrations ; $c 26 cm
504 $a Includes bibliographical references (pages 160-163) and index.
505 0_ $a Board games are life – Chess and the grandmaster tradition – Monopoly:
understanding money and poverty – Othello and honing strategy – Checkers: the
great equalizer – Risk teaches world domination – Backgammon: luck and skill in
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combination.
650 _0 $a Board games $x Strategies.
700 1_ $a Kasparov, G. K. $q (Garri Kimovich).
700 1_ $a Pollock, Jackson, $d 1912-1956, $e illustrator.
22

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Autumn Field

Part I: Essay Questions

Many aspects go into the process of writing a bibliographical record in a library’s

Part II: Cataloging Books

100 1_ $a Gates, Henry Louis, $c Jr.

250 $a Second edition.

264 _1 $a Los angles : $b Family Tree Publishing Company, $c 2015.

300 $a xiii, 375 pages : $b illustrations ; $c 29 cm

336 $a text $2 rdacontent

337 $a unmediated $2 rdamedia

338 $a volume $2 rdacarrier

500 $a “General book about geographic areas and all people.”

700 1_ $a Higginbotham, Evelyn Brooks, $d 1945- $e photographer.

100 1_ $a Gordon, Jeff, $d 1956-

264 _1 $a London : $b Scribner Children’s Book a division of Simon and Schuster, $c

300 $a 32 pages : $b color illustrations ; $c 17 cm

336 $a text $2 rdacontent

337 $a unmediated $2 rdamedia

338 $a volume $2 rdacarrier

700 1_ $a Geisel, Theodor Seuss, $d 1904-1991, $e illustrator.

100 1_ $a Swigger, Boyd Keith, $d 1943-

245 10 $a Academic libraries : $b a very critical reader / $c edited by Dr. B. Keith

264 _1 $a Westport [Connecticut] : $b Libraries Unlimited a member of Greenwood

300 $a ix, 410 pages : $b illustrations (chiefly color) ; $c 28 cm.

336 $a text $2 rdacontent

337 $a unmediated $2 rdamedia

338 $a volume $2 rdacarrier

490 1_ $a Library and information problem-solving skills series

504 $a Includes bibliographical references.

700 1_ $a Montgomery, Paula Kay, $e editor

830 _0 $a Library and information problem-solving skills series.

041 0_ $a eng $a spa

041 0_ $a eng $h spa

100 1_ $a García Márquez, Gabriel, $d 1927-2014

240 10 $a Crónica de una muerte anunciada. $l Spanish

245 10 $a Chronicle of a death foretold : $b a novella / $c Gabriel García Márquez ;

250 $a First American edition.

264 _1 $a Minneapolis [Minnesota] : $b University of Minnesota Press, $c $c 1998.

300 $a 147 pages ; $c 17 cm

336 $a text $2 rdacontent

337 $a unmediated $2 rdamedia

338 $a volume $2 rdacarrier

500 $a Originally published in Spanish as: Crónica de una muerte anunciada.

700 1_ $a Vergara, Sofía, $d 1972-

100 1_ $a Fischer, Bobby, $d 1943-2008.

250 $a 2nd revised edition.

264 _1 $a Denton, Texas : $b Games and More Publishers, $c 2014.

300 $a vi, 163 pages : $b illustrations ; $c 26 cm

336 $a text $2 rdacontent

337 $a unmediated $2 rdamedia

338 $a volume $2 rdacarrier

504 $a Includes bibliographical references (pages 160-163) and index.

700 1_ $a Kasparov, G. K. $q (Garri Kimovich).

700 1_ $a Pollock, Jackson, $d 1912-1956, $e illustrator.

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