‘ee ABB Relays ABB [nee ANEQR MATION aK 614-3905 RFR, May 1925 7433 1 Edition 3 stance relay type RAZOA © Three-phese switched distance relay of compact design © Three types of starting relays: = Underimpedance start using micro processors in the measur- ing clrouit. Circular or oval characteristic. (Basic version) - Underimpecance start with circular or modified fens charac- reristic ~ Overcurrent start 9 Can be easily provided with an extra measuring unit ‘© Can be used for cables and overhead transmission lines © Always correct determination of the direction by means of healthy phase polarisation and memory citcuit © Flexible operating characteristic with wide setting range © Can be easily adapted to application requirements by using programmable functions © Simple reversal of measuring zones © Prepared for co-ordination with communication equipment © Built-in functional test Fig. 1 Distance relay type RAZOA with underimpedance start and extra measuring unit. (832610)Contents L 2 RK 614-309 E GENERAL Jel Introduction 12 Reach 1.3 Measurement 14 Operating range 1.5 Indications L.6 Signal inputs L7 Signal outputs 18 Auxillary voltage 1.9 jesteument transformers 4.9.1 Current transformer requirements 1.9.2 Voltage transformer requirements 1.10 Fuses in voltage measuring circuits LLL Manual closing of the circuit breaker DESIGN 24 Test switch RTXP 18 2.2 DC-DC converter RXTUG 2.3. Input unit RGKC 070 2. Underimpedance starting unit RGZB 030 2.5 Overcurrent starting unit RGIC 030 2.6 — Phase selector unit RGGS 030 22 Current setting unit RGAA 030 2,8 Voltage setting unit RGAB 030 2.9 Time-lag unit RGTA 030 2.10 Extra measuring unit RGZA 030 21 Memory circuit unit RGLA 030 2.12 Measuring and indicating unit RGSB 030 213 Programming data unit 214 Output unit RGKD 059 215 Transformer unit RTTG 43 la 4 ie 15 16 18 1 19 20 20 a 21 2b 22 2 24 5 & 7 RK 614-300 E MODE OF OPERATION 3 Theory of measurement 3.2 Directional measurement 3.3 Reactance measurement 2.6 Resistance measureinant PROGRAMMING 4.1 Setting of operating values for under= impedance start and zere sequence element 4.2 Setting the operating values for over~ ‘current start in phase and neutral 4.3 Phase selection 44 Blocking 4,5 Reversing of the direction of measurement 46 Reach extension 4.7 Prograrnming the output stage 4.8 Indications 4.9 Other programming features TESTING Sal Functional test 5.2 Directional test 3.3 Secondary test $4 Fault tracing TRIPPING CIRCUITS 6.1 Three-phase tripping 6.2 Single-phase tripping 6.3 Operating times CO-OPERATION WITH THE REMOTE END PROTECTION 7.1 Tripping scheme 7.2 Blocking scheme Page 3 2 30 ah aL 32 Be RRERES ES 36 36 a 38 B28 38 310. dh 12. 13. 1a ADDITIONAL EQUIPMENT 3.1 General 8.2 Extra measuring unit 8.3. Single-phase tripping unit 3.4 Reclosing relay 3.5 External impedance starting unit 3.6 Power-swing blocking relay 8.7 Rear terminal connections INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE, WIRING DIAGRAM TECHNICAL DATA ORDERING REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS. Appendices RK 614-300 E Page 41 a a 42 42 2 +4 45 45 46 v 48 55 35 4L GENERAL, LL introduction 12 Reach RK 614-300 5 3 RAZOA Is a three-phase distance relay of switched scheme type where the choice of measuring quantities is carried out by means of static circuits. Electromechanica! relays are incorporated for tripping and signalling purposes. The distance relay 1s intended primarily for overhead transmis sion lines and cables up to approx. 150 kV but can also be adapted to the requirements imposed for lines with higher voltages. In isolated or high impedance grounded networks, RAZOA opera- tes for short circuits and double ground zaults. In solidly ground- ed networks the relay also operates for single ground faults. The minimum operating time of the reley is 20 ms. The relay has three directional impedance measuring zones and a fourth zone that follows the setting of the starting elements. This latter zone can be either directional or non-directional. The starting relays can be either Impedance or overcurrent relays. ‘The first measuring zone is instantaneous anc is normally set to under-reach, i.e. its reach covers iss than 100 % of the line. ‘The other measuring zones function as back-up protections, their operation being based on time selectivity where the reach is extended incrementally after a given time-lag which is governed by the selective time settings 12, T3 and T4, Jn addition to these measuring zones the relay can be provided with another measuring unit with the same reach as one of the other zones and with the same or the opposite direction. TimeRK 614-300 5 6 In normal cases, a setting of 80-39 % of the line length is chosen for the first measuring Zone, depending amongst other things on the uncertainty in calculating the line data, angular errors in the instrament transformers and the relationship between the R/X setting. With the aid of toggie switches, {ocated on the front of the distance relay, the direction of all the measuring zones, or of only zone 2 or 3, can be easily reversed. By this means, time and expense can be saved e.g. during the commissioning period if the direction of the relay is incorrect. By reversing zone 2 or 3, a protective back-up function can be obtained for a busbar or transformer located behind the relay, see fig. 3. Tine fre on 1 Sh tistonte 7 7 3 7 Fig. 3 RAZOA with zone 2 directed backwards In its basic version, RAZOA has input and output relays for co- operating with the distance relay at the remote end of the line, via communication channels. The most common under-reaching and over-reaching communication schemes can be programmed. When the distance relay Is used In blocking schemes, an extra measuring unit is normally Incorporated to detect faults in the reverse direction. Hf there is a communication channel available, the extra measur ing unit can also be used for measuring faults in the forward direction in 2 direction comparative overreaching scieme. The extra measuring unit then works in paraflell with the basic measuring unit and the underreaching scheme, RAZOA can also be used with an extended instantaneous first Zone which, by co-operation with the reclosing relay, is shorten- ed to normal underreach after the first tripping for a Zault on the line, Reference should also be made to section 4.6. Commu- nication schemes are described in Instruction RK 614-108 E.13 Measurement La Operating range RK 614-300 E 7 RAZOA is a switched-scheme type distance relay and consa- quently has only one measuring unit in the basic version, In the event of a fault an the line, the starting elements controt the phase selector unit so that, depending on the type of fault, predetermined measuring quantities ara fed into the measuring unit. The measuring quantities are switched on the secendary side of the Input transformers of the distance relay, where the switching is performed without interruption (staticaily) In the current circuits. in this manner, the risk of opening the circuits of the main current transformers is avoided. The measuring unit has a directional function in which the measurement of direction is based on healthy phase polarisation for single and two-phase faults and on a memory circuit for theee-phase faults, The distance relay can also be provided with an additional measuring nit for some special applications. This measuring unit receives its measuring quantities in the same manner as the basic measuring unit, Also the measurement is carried out in the seme way. The operating range of the distance relay is defined in the impedance plane by boundary fines in the reactive and resistive axes, both of which pass through the set impedance point, Z,, as shown in fig, 4 The direction is defined by a mho-circle passing through the set impedance point Z,, and through the origin “at zero source impedance. a) R/X ratio 0,5 b) R/X ratio 2 Fig. 4 Operating rangeLs Indications Lé Signa! inputs RK 614-300 E 3 ‘The reach in the reactive and resistive axes has the same setting range and can be set independently of each other. However, the R/X ratio should no: be greater than 3 times if a large portion of the protected line is to he covered by the first measuring zone. When the reach is extended, the operating range is increased uniformly as shown in fig. 5, This is of great advantage especial- ty in cable networks as the shortcircuiting angle there is considerably smaller than in networks with overhead tines. Fig. 5 Extending the reach ‘The distance relay incorporates a signal indicating unit with one ted and seven yellow light-emitting dicdes. The red light- ‘emitting diode indicates tripping. Start in phases R, 5, T and the neutral N and operation of the timing steps T2, T3 and T# are indicated by the yellow light-emitting diodes. ‘The indicators are reset either by depressing the "Reset" push button, located at the bottom of the indicating unit, or by activating an input relay which can be controlied from ege & ‘control room. ‘The indications are designed in such a way that they disappear at auxiliary voltage interruptions, but appear again after inter- cuptions with a duration of up to approx, half an hour. RAZOA incorporates input relays which are iniluenced by the external factors mentioned in fig. & These relays receive their de power direct irom the station battery, One exception is the relays that ere controlled by the external underimpedance start- ing unit type RAKZB (see Section 8.5), these are supplied from the de/de converter of the latter,Signe nga's BC) fnergied of dosing of ~ thecenst breaker CRAIChumel reeive, Tipping sdenes ‘C96 Choeel receive, Boxing » Schemes, alsa eternal Wace RESET] Reset of ‘elcahons ol Impedance stort 23 Sanaie fon AS) Crtemsl impedance relay type cep) FRB RK 614-300 E a , sien obs : —— Pa ——r jl rp a a D $5 os oe fe f= (Ns aes : thre! ses, 5 ron ag f et J ——— eee ap ens al 0 ent com +_— IR} stort stove f sar ames a J}. 001 stort nevtrat p09 Geert tt 12 Step 2 13) Step 3 14 Step & (OA) Block of rat. extey Three-phase / 8 qulfcghane Fatt G Recomectin of Jj itvesteral impedance i relay type RAKE 0) Lone of unitary voitege | Bb tn son serene, ee eee, start unit ype az Fig. 6 Input and output signals17 Signal outputs RK 614-300 E 10 When the circuit-breaker is closed manually, power is supplied to the BC-input whereupon the distance relay, by means of pro- gramming, can be made to trip instantaneously for a start on any of the starting elements, The duration of the input signal should be approx. 50 ms and the temporary extension of the reach is maintained for approx. 1 second alter termination of the BC input When a communication signal is received for accelerating sche- mes, power is supplied to the CRA-input. Depending on how the Gistance relay is programmed, various versions of acceleration systems can be obtained. ‘The CRB-inpui has two functions, One for the external blocking of either the starting, measuring or tripping function depending on the programming, and one for communication in blocking schemes. Depending on the programming, various versions of blocking schemes can then be obtained. The RESET-input is energized when external resetting of the indications is required. The Zp, Zs and Z7 inputs are used when the distance relay is to be started by any other impedance start relay than the basic version relay RGZB 039, for example RAKZB, RAZOA has electromechanical output relays which have one normally open contact for each signal as shown in fig. 6. The Ucsignal is obtained from three potential-free contacts and is intended primarily for tripping the circuit-breaker, for star- ting the reclosing relay, for starting the breaker-failure relay or tor tripping purposes. The CSA-signal is used for accelerating type tripping systems and transmits via the communication link to the protective relay at the remote end of the line. The CSB-signal can be usec for blocking or over-reaching tripp- ing type systems and transmits via the communication link to the protective relay at the remote end of the line. The signal is obtained when the additional measuring unit operates and is a function parallel to the ZE-signal. The ZE-signal indicates that the operating conditions for the extra measuring unit have been fulfilled and is ¢ signal paralle! to the CSB signal. R, S, T and N are starting signals tor the respective phases and neutral, and are normally used for alarm purposes. The GS-signal is general starting signal which is issued as soon as any starting element in RAZOA has started. This signal can be used ¢.g. for starting a fault recorder or for alarm purposes,18 Auxiliary voltage 19 Instrument transformers 1,961 RK 614-300 E li 12, T3 and Té signals, indicate if any of the time-lag steps have operated. The BA-signal can be chosen to be issued at operation of time step 12, time step 13 and at manual breaker-closing and can be used e.g. for blocking the reclosing relay. The TA-signal can be chosen to indicate three-phase or multi~ phase faults. The signal can be used eg, for starting up a breaker-failure relay or for blocking the reclosing relay. ‘The A/Y signal is given if the starting element in neutral has operated. The signal which is achieved from a dry-reed relay, is used when an exzernal underimpedance start type RAKZB (see section 8,5) is incorporated and it switches the voltage circuits in the impedance-measuring relay so that in case of 2 single- phase to ground fault, it measures on the phase current and phase to neutral voltage instead of measuring on the phase current and line-to-line voltage. The de signal is given if the auxiliary de voltage fails and is normally used Zor indication or alarm purposes. ‘The MCUZB-signal is given if any of the micro-processors in the impedance start unit works incorrect, The signal is normally used for indication of alarm. RAZOA is fumished with a de/de converter and can therefore be ‘connected directly to the station battery, The de/de converter is of type RXTUG and is available in different versions intended for battery voltage 24, #8, 110, 125, 220 or 250 ¥ dc. This battery voitage is denoted EL in the wiring diagram. According .to. section .1.6, the input relays receive the power directly from the station battery, This battery voltage can be either 43-60, 110-125 or 220-250 V de and is denoted RL in the wiring diagram. The demands imposed on the instrument transformers for RAZOA are moderate and correspond to those applicable in ptactice for normal protective relays, Current transformer requirements To ensure correct function of the distance relay, the current transformers should not saturate within a period of 30 ms for a fault at the limit of reach of the first measuring zone. The dimensioning of the main current transformers is thus simpiified since the distance relay consumes only 0.5 VA/phase at rated current and dreedom from saturation is not required. Since band’ pass filters are incorporated, current transformers with air gap can also be used,RK 614.300 E 2 19.2 Voltage transformer requirements By using healthy phase polarisation or a memory circuit for the directional function in combination with suitable filtering tech- niques, the distance relay, without additional equipment, can also be connected to capacitive voltage transformers which fulfil the requirements regerding transients in accordance with IEC Publication 186 A, section 20. The dimensioning of the voltage transformers is sitnplified since the distance relay consumes only 1 VAfphese at rated voltage. L210 Fuses in voltage measuring circuits For RAZOA with overcurrent start, no special measures need to be taken in the event of a fuse failure or a miniature circult~ breaker being tripped, in the voltage measuring circuits, since the distance relay requires overcurrent to enable it to start. Hf, however, RAZOA is furnished with an uncerimpedance start~ ing unit, the latter must be biocked in order to prevent incorrect operation. The voltage measuring circuits normally incorporate a miniature circuit-breaker, the auxiliary contacts of which, in the event of a fault in the voltage measuring circuits, activate the blocking input on the under-impedance starting unit. The block- ing signal is required within 10 ms following the occurrence of the fuse failure, If the voltage measuring circuits are provided with fuses a fuse failure relay type RXBA 4 is recommended (see Buyer's Guide B03-8310E). To prevent any starting indications for such faults, the "Reset" input relay must either be energizec, whereupon the indications are automatically reset, or the indications must be programmed so as to indicate only when the output stage is activated (selector switch S126, on unit RGSB 030, closec). LU Manual closing of the circuit-breaker The distance relay can: be programmed to instantaneously trip the circuit-breaker for 1 second if a starting element operates and the input relay BC at the same time is activated. This function is useful at eg manual closing of a circuit-breaker against a forgotten grounding device. Reference snould 2fso be made to sections 1.6 and 4.7. Furthermore, when the clrcuit-breaker is closed manually, the distance relay is stabilised against the inrush current which arises when a line is energized. By using a low-pass filter and by permitting the "BC" input relay to activate the logic circuits, the operating value of the starting elements is temporarily | increased, when overcurrent start is being used. The emount of the operating value increase is matched to the appearance of the current surge during the switching.RK 614-300 E 13 DESIGN The distance relay is built yp of COMBIFLEX modulac units, The plug-in units incorporated are screwed to apparatus bars. The p.c. boards (type RG..) and the transformer unit (type RTTG) are mounted in an equipment frame (pos. ref. 113-154). The internal connections between the units within the equipment irame are made via a mother board with edge connectors and flat cables. The connections to the equipment frame are made on the rear of the frame to RTXG-type pin connectors with COMBIFLEX socket leads and to screw-type terminals. The distance relay is 4S high and 54C wide (S = 44.45 mm and C=7 mm). , The positions of the units are shown in fig, 7. for 107 5 122 125 128 131 13% 137 146 143 146 Lag. i i i t i ' Figs? Units incorporated in RAZOA: Item Designation Type 101 Test switch RIXP 18 107 BC-DC converter RXTUG 143 Input unit RGKC 070 122 Underimpedance start unit RGZB 030 (or overcurrent start unit) (RGIC 039) 125 Phase selector unit RGGB 039 128 Current setting unit RGAA 030 131 Yoltage setting unit RGAB 030 134 Time«lag unit RGTA 630 137 Extra measuring anit RGZA 30 140 Memory-circuit unit RGLA 030 : 143 Measuring and Indicating unit RGSB 030 146 Programming data unit and space for sest board 148 Output unit RGKD 050 7117 Transformer unit (see Fig, 13) RITGBb ‘Test switch RTXP 18 RE RK 614-300 E 14 The majority of the relay inputs and outputs are connected to the termina’s on the outside of the test switch with 20 A socket jeads. Other connections are made with 10 A socket leads direct to the terminals on the terminal bases. By using an RTXU-type jest plug bandle and testing equipment e.g. type TURH (see Buyer's Guide B03-9540E), a complete secondary injection test can be performed via the test switch, DC/DC converter RXTUG. 23 Input unit RGKC 070 This unit converts the de supply voltage into an ac voltage which js then transformed, fullsweve rectified and smoothed to £12 ¥ dc. By this means, the station de battery voltage is adapted to suit the different mits included in the relay. Furthermore, ihe internal and external circuits are galvanically separated in the jransformer and tris contributes to the suppression of any transients occurring in the dc supply from the station battery. The internal voltage is monitored both by a pullt-in auxiliary relay, which issues a signal if the de supply is intertuptec, and by 3 yellow light-emitting diode which lights up when the dc supply is Intact. This unit includes seven dry-reed relays, with short operating times, for the following functions; CRA, CRS, RESET, BC, Zps Zgy Gye See also fig. 6. Beside that, there are four output relays: S/Y (dry-ceed type relay) and CSB, ZE and MCUZB {p.c beard mounted relays). With the excegtion of those which are used for adaptation to external underimpedance starting (Zp, Zq and Z7) the above Stistioned Telaya are supplied with the dc voltage RL. direct from the station battery. ‘The operating characteristic of the relay and the formulae which are used for calculating the settings of the different measuring zones, are shown on the front plate of the unit.RK 614.300 & 15 24 ‘Underimpedance starting unit RGZB 030 ‘The RAZOA basic version comprises the underimpedance start- ing unit RGZB 030, which can be exchanged for an overcurrent starting unit RGIC'030 without any other changes of the distance relay. ‘The underinpedance starting unit includes measuring tuactions for underimpedance and for Zero sequence current. The function is built up by taree micro processors, one for each phase, where digital Hltering of current and voltage is carried out, before these are compared to each other. Two different operating characteristics; a circle or an oval, can be chosen. See fig. 8 Setting is carried out by means of programming switches on the p.c. board. . fh. UW) Fig. & Operating characteristics for RGZB 030. ‘The operating value is set with a thumbwheel switch marked Ze » mounted in the front of the unit, See fig. 9, The setting range is $-64 ohms/phase in 4 ohm steps, or 8-128 ohms in & ohm steps. The setting range is chosen by means of programming switches on the p.c. board. With another programming switch the minimum operating curr ent can he chasen 0.2 x iy ot 1.2 x Ip The underimpedance relays have @ built-in overcurrent start, operating for currents exceeding 8 x In. When the current is that high, the cause cf it must be assumed to be a fault in the supervised network and therefore start function is provided in ‘the phases concerned. During normal conditions the underimpedance relays measure phase-to-phase voltage and current in phase. if the zero sequen- ce current exceeds the set value, switching will be performed so that the underimpedance relays measure voltage to neutral and current in phase.23 The operating value of the zero sequence relay is set by means of a thumbwheel switch marked INs mounted in the front of the unit, The setting range is G.2-1,6xly in 0.2edn steps. The relay comprises, in addition to a harmonic filter, a second harmonic stebi« Hzor to prevent unnecessary tripping when energizing a line with an open- circuited transformer connected. In the front of the unit there is a thumb- wheel switch marked F to be used for selection of fault type when testing the functioning of the logic circuits of the distance relay. The test is initiated by pressing the push button marked "Test", whereupon the output circuit is blocked and the obtained function is indicated on the indicating unit. The functional test is described in section 5.1. Overcurrent starting unit RGIC 030 Hf overcurrent start is wanted, the underimpedance starting unit RGZB 030 is to be exchanged for an overcurrent starting unit RGIC 030, RK 614-300 E 16 Fig. 9 Underimpedance starting unit RGZB 030. The overcurrent starting unit has measuring functions for over- current in the respective phases and for zero sequence current. ‘The operating value ls for overcurrent is set with the aid of a thumbwheel switch marked Ks, mounted in the front of the unit, see fig. 10. The setting range is | to 4 x In in increments of 0.2 x lyWhen external underimpedance starting type RAKZS (see section 8.5) is used, the operating value of the phase overcurrent starting elements is increased to 10 times the set operating value with the aid of a programming switch, The overcurrent re- lays then constitute a back-up protection to the underimpedance starting unit in the event of close-in faults resulting in high fault currents. The starting element in the neutral is not affected by’ this pro- gramming. Two degreas of sensitivity (.5xlg or 0.2xl,) can be selected for the zero se- quence current. The setting is made with a programming switch located on the pace board. This setting then foliows the over~ current setting, see section 4.2. To prevent unnecessary tripping, due to the switching surge when energizing a line, the operating value of the overcurr- ent starting unit can temporarily be in- creased when the circuit breaker is clos- ed. Soe section 141. RK 614-300 E uv ss! Fig. 10 Overcurr= ent starting unit RGIC 030 in the front of the unit there is a thumbwheel switch marked F, for selecting the type of fault when testing the logic circuits of the relay. The test is initiated by depressing the push button marked "Test", whereupon the output stage is blocked and the acquired function can be read off from the indicating unit. The functional test is described in more detail in section 3.1. ‘The front of the unit shows the formulae to be used for the setting calculations.2.6 Phase selector unit RGGB 030 The phase selector unit, which is controll- ed by the starting elements, selects the measuring quantities applicable to the type of fault and transfers these to the measuring unit for evaluation of the fault. This transfer of quantities is performed statically depending on the.type of fault and the grounding system. The phase selector unit has two thumb- wheel switches in the front, marked Ky and PS respectively, see fig. 11. The KN thumbwheel switch is used for setting the zero sequence compensation and has a setting range of 0 to 1.5 in increments of 0.1, The zero sequence compensation is determined as shown below. XX Ky * N ay RK 614-300 E where X, = the zero sequence reactance of the line X, = the positive sequence reactance of the line 18 Fig. 11 Phase se- lector unit RGGB 030 ‘The PS thumbwheel switch is used for adapting the relay to the network, with respect to the groundiag system, phase selection and type of start. The switch can be set to six different positions (0-5) as shown on the flow diagram in fig. 21. The positions 6-15 are not used,17 Current setting unit RGAA 039 2.8 In the front of the current setting unit there are four thumbwheel switches (ee fig, 12) for ‘a! and *b' settings, where ‘a! influences the reactive reach and ‘b! the resistive reach of the measuring unit. These switches are interrelated pair-wise, the upper shows the tens and the lower shows the units. The setting range is irom 5 to 99 in increments of 1. Fig. 12 Current setting unit RGAA 030 Voltage setting unit RGAB 030 In the front of the voltage setting unit there are six thumbwheel switches (see fig. 13) for setting the reach of measuring zones one, two and three in the measuring unit. For setting the respective zones, marked pl, p2 and p3, 2 combination of two thumbwheel switches is used as described in 2.7 above for the ‘a’ and 'b' settings. The setting range is also the same, Fig. 13. Voltage setting unit RGAB 030 RK 614-300 E 1329 Time-lag unis RGTA 030 2.10 In the front of this unit there are ten switches for the most common programs and three thumbwheel switches for sett- ing the selective time of the back-up protection to the relay. See fig, 14. T2 can be set to between 50 and 759 ms in increments of 50 ms. T3 can be set to between 200 and 3000 ms in increments of 200 ms. T# can be set to between 400 and 6000 ms in inerements of 400 ms. Fig. 14 Time-lag unit RGTA 030 Extra measuting unit RGZA 039 This unit is not included in the basic version of RAZOA but space is available for it in position 137 of the relay. The extra measuring unit incorporates a phase comparator of the same type as RGSB 030 which is described in section 31. ‘The reach of the extra measuring unit can be programmed to follow zone 1, zone 2 or zone 3 of the RGSB 630 measuring unit, A red light-emitting diode in the front indicates that the unit has operated. Sce fig, 13. The indication is reset on unit RGSB 030, Different types of application for this extra measuring unit are described in more detail in the sections 7.2 and 8.2 and in Instruction RK 614-108E which deals with the programming of RAZOA for adaptation to various types of communi- cation schemes. The operation can, when RAZOA is used in blocking schemes, be delayed by a time TO which is set with reference to the time-lag within the communication chan- nel. T0-can be set to 40, 50, 60 or 80 ms with a programming switch inside the alt, Section 3.2 states additional setting possibilities for this measuring unit. RK 614-300 E 20 bog 9 @e @ | Fig, 15 Extra mea- suring unit RGZA 03Bald RK 614-300 E 2 Memory circuit unit RGLA 030 22 Measuring and indicating unit RGSB 030 2.13 Programming data unit, This unit incorporates a memory circuit for determining the direction in the event of a three-phase fault. The memory circuit is connected for approx. 63 ms and conse~ quently is used only for faults in measuring zone 1. To ensure the proper function of the back-up zones, at least 0.8 % of the rated voltage is required. The measuring element of the relay will otherwise be blocked. However, tripping can be obtained if the Sth starting zone is programmed for non directional operation. This unit contains the measuring element of the relay and this Consists of a phase comparator in which the measuring is based on phase comparison between the measured quantities In accordance with section 3st. The unit also contains light-emitting diod- es for indicating start, trigping and the different timing steps. Tripping is indicat- ed by a red LED, all the others are yellow, The indications can be cancelled by depressing the push button marked "Reset", located at the bottom of the unit (sce fig 16), or by activating the RESET input relay (see fig. 6). By means of programming switches the unit can be set to cancell previous indi- cations at every new start and thus it will only indicate the most recent fault. The programming switches can also be set so that indication is obtained for all starts or only when there is'a trip signal. Fig, 16 Measuring and indicating unit RGSB 030 A label showing which program is applicable to the relay on delivery (ie. the setting of the programming switches), is affixed to a board at the inside of the front plate, see fig. 17. The label should be completed with the programming made during commis~ sioning. There is also space avallable for writing down the settings of the relay.RK 614-300 5 22 When the programming data unit has been removed the space can be used for testing the internal electronics of the distance relay by means of an extension board provided with test points. Fig. 17. Programming data unit. 21a Dutput unit RGKD 050 The output unit contains electromechanical auxiliary relays each with normally open contacts for the falfowing functions: Start in phas® R, S, T and the neutral N, GS, U, CSA, BA, T2, T3, Te and TA. See fig. 6. 215 Transformer unit RTTG The RTTG-type transiormer unit is mounted on the rear of the relay ond includes the input transformers, see fig, 18. Al- together, there are four current teanformer’s, one for each phase and one for the neutral, and three voltage transformers. The transformers ate furnished with a grounded seresa between the primary and secondary windings and this enhances the relay's irormunity to transients. ‘The primary windings of the transformers are connected to the test switch while the secondary windings are connected 10 the mother board of the relay.a MODE OF OPERATION RK 614-300 E 2 ‘The mother board is permanently mounted ia the framework and interconnects the RG units with each other and with the transformer unit, Transformer unit RTTG Fig. 18 RAZOA seen from the rear (800214) The distance relay, see block diagram fig. 19, receives its power via a test switch (1) and input transformers (2). The transformers convert the measured quantities to a level suitable for the electronic units. In the event of underimpedance on a protected line, the underimpedance elements (3), of the relevant phases, and the zero sequence current element will start the timing elements (4) and also initiate the phase selector unit (5) which ‘then ensures that the correct current and voltage for measuring and the correct direction are used, Furthermore, the start indicators (10) ang the signal relays (11), of the relevant phases, will also be energized. To determine the direction, the distance relay uses healthy phase polarisation in the case of single and two-phase faults, while a memory circuit (6) is used for three~ phase faults.RK 614-300 E a eset * e tT I as on 222} Ad Botnt | ‘ingots Fig. 19 Block diagram of RAZOA distance relay The teach of each respective measuring zone is determined by the settings on the current and voltage setting units (7} and (8). In block (9), four measuring signals are generated and these are Tilkered and converted into digital signats. These signals are then used in measuring unit (10) for determining the direction to and the position of the fault. Hf the fault has occurred in the first zone, the output unit (I1) is instantaneously activated. If the fautt lies outside the first zone, the reach is increased succes sively according to the selective times 72, T3 and Té by reconnections ia the voltage circuits, ‘The reach can also be extended via-an input relay (12) by co- operation with the remote end, Should, via the programming (13), ‘one of the measuring zones be reversed, the current for this zone will be reversed by an invertor in block (9) when the actual time arrives. In conjunction with the programming, the function of the dis- tance.relay can be intiuenced via the input relays (12) whilst information from the distance relay relating to, e.g. co-opera- tion with communication equipment and tripping of the breaker, is obtained via output reiays (11).Bt Theory of measurement RK 614-300 25 When the function of the distance relay is tested by depressing the built-in push button marked "Test" (14), the underimpedance or overcurrent starting elemeats of the phases in question are activated and @ start indication is received. At the same time, the output relay is blocked to prevent unnecessary tripping. If the push button is kept depressed for a period corresponding to the setting on T4, the light-emitting diodas for the timing steps ang for tripping, will light up. The indications given when testing the function of the distance relay are reset by depressing the “Reset” push button located on the signalling unit or via one of the input relays (12). The distance relay has a de/dc converter (15) which adapts the stations de supply to a level suitable for the electronic units. Wf the distance relay incorporates overcurrent starting (16) instead of underimpedence starting (3), these starting signals will influence the timing circuit (4) and the phase selection unit (5) in the same manner as the underimpedance unit, If the distance relay incorporates an external underimpedance starting unit (17), the starting signals of the latter is connected in parallel! to the overcurrent starting unit which is still included and functions as a back-up with increased operating value. When the extra measuring unit (18) is included, this measures in Paralle! with but independent of the basic measuring unit (10), The starting elements influence the phase selector unit so that, depending on the type of fault, it transfers the measured quantities for a given measuring loop to the measuring unit. Table 1 shows which of the measuring loops 1s selected, depen- ding on which starting elemenis that are activated, and the position of the. PS-switch, (ig. 21), Table 1 Starting Selected measuring loop (dependent on position element of PS-switch) o 1 2 3 6 5 R RN TR RN TR RN TR s SN SR SN SR SN SR RS SR SR SR SR SR SR T IN IS TN TS TN TS TR TR TR TR TR TR TR st T 1 1S 18 TS 7S RST SR SR SR SR SK SR N an RN RN RN RN RN RN RN SN SN SN SN SN SN SN RSN SN SN RN RN SR SR TN TN TN TN TN TN TN TRN RN RN RN RN TR TR STN ™N TN IN TN TS 1S RSTN SR SR SR SR SR SRRK 614-300 E 26 Tabie 2 shows the current, voltage and directional voltage which are used for each respective measuring loop. The directional voltage for three-phase faults is obtained via the tmemery circuit from the voltage {Uy - Up). Table 2 Mezsuring Current (I)_Voltage (U) Directional bop voltage U,) RN Ty + Kyly Upy Usy SN Ig + Kyln Usn Ung TN lp *Kyly Ury Ups RS URS ~ Wy) st Ust ~ (Ug TR Urg. = Ug-Up) Tn resonant grounded networks, the neutral point reactor is tuned to the capacitance of the system. In the case of single ground faults, this limits the ground fault current to such an extent that it self-extinguishes. TE double ground faults should occur at two. separate. points in a network which is supplied at both ends, as shown in fig. 20, it will often be sufficient to disconnect one fault only, after which the other fault will extinguish itself, This contributes to mini- mizing the effects of the disturbance, St S2 2 i? ST 14 i ene HUE Tt ne + I T i Fig. 20 Network with double ground faults, Line 1 with R-N fault and fine 2 with S-N fault,RK 614.300 E a To ensble the disconnection of one tine only during a double ground fault of the type mentioned above, the diszance relay must give precedence when selecting the phases. The distance relay can therefore be programmed for either a cycli¢ or an non cyclic measuring loop. A cyclic system Is one In which the phases are given the order of precedence "R-T-S-R", which means that the R-phase loop is selected when starting in R-T-N, that the S-phase loop is selected when starting in $-R-N and that the T-phate loop is selected when starting in T-S-N. In an non-cyciic system, the phases are given the order of prece- dence "R-T-5", which means that the R-phase loop is selected ‘when starting fy R-T-N or R-S-N, The T-phase measuring loop is selected when starting in T-S-N. Depencing on their settings, the distance relays shown in fig. 20 will start for a two-phase fault, If, for example, a cyclic system is now selected, the relay for line 2 wil! trip and the fault in the first tine will extinguish itself. All the distance reiays in the network must give precedence to the same phases in order to ensure the correct function of the relay. In solidly grounded networks, the phase-to-phase loop is normally measured during two-phase faults to ground. It is also possiale 10 let the relay measure she ground-fault loop during such faults, see fig, 21, For one and the same type of fault, the distance relay can consequently be programmed to measure on different measuring loops, which can be an advantage in cases where redundant relays are required,RK 614-300 E 28 Tine Samia sire Fig. 21 Flow diagram for setting the P5 phase-selector switchRK 614-300 29 The operating characteristic of the distance relay is dependent on the setting of the reactive and resistive limits and on the direction measurement, see fig. 22. Fig. 22 Operating characteristic To acquire these three boundaries of operation, the polarity of four measured signals is compared at each half cycle and at a given time ina phase comparator. ‘The following signals are used for measuring purposes: 1 = Fault current IX, = Reactive voltage drop across the mode! impedance U,, = Poiarising voltage for determining the direction Ui, = Compensating voltage = U-IZ, where U = Voltage across the faulty loop y,® Model impedance 3.2 Directional measurement ‘The compensating voltage is compared with the directional voltage. The criterion governing function ist ‘Ts arg Uk - atg Up $277 aw ‘This means that the phasor Ux must lie within the range 77 to 2° with respect to the reference phasor UpsRK 614-300 E 30. Condition (1) indicates that the boundary line for operation is a directional Mho-circle which passes through the setting point 2 ‘of the distance relay and the head of the source impedance phasor Zs. Thus the circle passes through Zk and through the origin at Zero source impedance, see fig. 23. 33 Fig. 23. Direction conditions for faults in the forward direction Reactance measurement ‘The compensating volsage is compared with the fault current. ‘The criterion governing function ist 1 90% G15 ms < 43 ms 6.2 of 0.5 times the setting of the overcurrent starting elementReach settings for Measuring element zone 1,2 and 3 Reach zone | Reach zone 2 Reach zone 3 Zero-sequente Compensation factor Directional sensitivity RK 614-300 E 52 The table below shows the range of setting for the reactive reach at 50 Hz end 60 Hz. The resistive reach is not dependent on the frequency and corresponds to the reactive reach settings at 50 Hz. Ohms/phase, 50 Hz (60 Hz) Inc lA 0.1664 0.08-32 6,032-12.8 (0.19-77) (0.10-38) (0,038-13.4) = 5,6, Ten D9 obms/phase 5 5, 6 Pond = bal a> X1 Xp By = 5p 6 Pon 99 Healthy phase polarisation for single-phase and two-phase faults. Memory circuit for three-phase faults. Other zones: Healthy phase polarisation for single-phesé and two-phase faults, At three phase faults a voltage of 0,8 % of rated voltage is required for operation.‘Contact data Indications Minircum operating current Direction of zone 2 and/or 3 Acceleration Accuracy Continuous current carrying capacity Making cepacity for 200 ms, L/R > 10 ms Breaking capacity: ac, cos > Ol, max 220 ¥ de, L/R < 49 ms wv 10¥ 1235 220 200 Note: RK 614-300 E 0.2 times rated current Can be reversed To zone 2, 3 or # To L.5 times zone 1 £596 (set impedance) £3° angular tolerance within 3-100 % x Up and 045-10 x 1 a Standard Tripping relays SA 320A 3A LOA 04 A 03a 02 A O15 A Signal relays 1A 1A 1A LOA Ot A O3 A O2A O15 A 33 Optional Single-phase tripping unit eA 30 A, 1A L2A G3A G25 A O13 A GIZA The contact governing the A/Y reconnection of the external Impedance starting relay type RAKZB is connected in series with & resistor and can be loaded with max. voltage across the contact is 55 ¥ de, 30 mA. Highest permitted Start In phase R, 5, 1, and neutral N Operation of 12, 73, TH TripAdditional equioment: Impedance starting unit type RAKZB Rated currant lg Reach setting in the forward direction Z_ Reach setting in the reverse direction Z, Accuracy Resetting ratio Minimum: operating current Maximum permitted current Characteristic angle Operating time Resetting time Power consumption: Volvage citcuit Current circuit DC circuits: Normal condition Maximum RK 614-300 of LA, 205A or A ‘Ohms/phase 50 Ha(50 Hz) for three- phase faults 1,5 235A 28-1026 L513 0,6-20.5 (3.3-123,2) 7-616) (0.7-24.6) Dx Zpwith-0.2<0< Lo £10% 103 % 02 xIq 3x 1a continuously 70 x Tay during 1s 60° 5-25 ms 30-60 ms 0.24 VA/phase at Up 0,05 VA/phase at La ow mwPower swing blocking relay Operate value Z: type RANZP outer oval inner oval Minimum operating current Maximum permitted current Characteristic angle Power consumption: Voltage circuit Current circuit DC circuits: Before operation After operation Extra measuring unit RGZA 030 Reach setting Direction Time setting 70 RK 614-300 E 35 Z5t 10-77 ohms at I, = LA 5-38 ohms at 1 = 2A 2-15 ohms at I= 5A Zy22xt, 98x Z, Z,) 0.2 times rated current 3 times rated current continuously 70 times rated current during fs 80° approx. 1.5 VA at Un, approx, 1 VA at U, 6W ow Programmable, follows the setting of zone 1, zone 2 or zone 3 Programmable direction 40, 50, 60 or 80 ms13. ORDERING When ordering, specify: 9 Ordering aumber 9 Rated frequency o Rated voltage o Rated current Auxiliary voltage EL ‘9 Auxiliary voltage RL © Additional equipment RK 614-300 & 38 Ordering table Over- current RGZB Ordering no. uv y ajslsfels| js} jets lala ls afAl}sleie} j$i |2]2|8ia ls ele} ojsjeo S slsls sis Yersion elalala/s] ts] |s/elsja 4 SES] eslols S SlBpS[olse Ele, £|&\|2 Z Elz|é |, Single-pnase tripping (RXMS) x |x ‘Three-phase tipping (RXMS) x x x x Power-swing blocking x x On 58C apparatus bars x x In $5 equipment frame x x] Xx [In 83 equipment frarne xi x]xpxi x][ xix] x if Available on request Additional equipment 9 Extra measuring unit type RGZA 030 © Reclosing relay (state 1 or 2 shots) © Rear terminal connection 4, REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS Distance relay RAZOA Power-swing blocking celay RANZP Underimpedance relay RAKZB Auxiliary relay RXMS 1 Modular system COMBIFLEX Test system COMBITEST Test set TURH Commissioning Programming Fault tracing Buyer's Guide BO3-7012E Buyer's Guide BO3-7i116 Buyer's Guide BO3-32138 Buyer's Guide 803-1213 803-1003 . Buyer's Guide BO3-9301E Buyer's Guide B03-95108 Buyer's Guide BO3-9540E Instruction RK 614-1008 Instruction RK 614-108 Tnstruction RK 619-1076dee REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS Distance relay RAZOA Power-swing blocking relay RANZP Underimpedance relay RAKZB Auxillary relay RXMS 1 Mocular system COMBIFLEX Test system COMBITEST Test set TURH Commissioning Programming Fault tracing RK 614-300 B 37 Buyer's Guide BO3-7012E Buyer's Guide BO3-71112 Buyer's Guide BO3-3213E Buyer's Guide 803- 12132, B03-1003E Buyer's Guide BO3-9301E Buyer's Guide BO3-9510E Buyer's Guide BO3.9540E Instruction RK 614-1008, Instruction RK 614-108E, Instruction RK 614-107E| Ss ASEA | 9° femvot 45 600 Appendix 1 4 " med barram i= D"Eguipment frome sizeds Paw Ta (ied Fea be mith supporting frame |. ; pee eI pier AG a r a Binension a (inches)Appendix 2 Operating times for single-phase faults with overcurrent and underimpedance start. The curves are valid for both CYT and VT. Overcurrent start: x, ee seta. ak Ey a 1g ~ Minimum operating time Maximum operating time Underimpedance start RGZB: (Built-in harmenic filter} =H wa Sao. + cy oT OF Minimum operating time Maximum operating time \Underimpedance start RAK ZB: 0 x a ar a re or Minimum operating tirne Operating time Loci of constant fault current Xs = source reactance. XF = fault reactance Xy = set operating reactance RM = set operating resistanceAppendix 3 Operating times for two-phase faults with overcurrent and underimpedance start. The curves are valid for both CYT and VT. Overcurrent start: ASA om He 6 7 “aoa Re ¥ ora w Minimum operating time Maximum operating time Underimpedance start RGZB: (Buitt-in harmonic filter) Asa a aE 8 Qe EE oe Minimum operating time Maximum operating time Underimpedance start RAKZB: og EE oe Ho Minimum operating time Maximum operating time : Operating time —— Test conditions: Loci of constant fault currents ~~ = F= 30 Hz X§ = source reactance I= 1A XP = fault reactance XM = 2.2 onms XM = set operating reactance Rus d2onms Ry = set operating resistance Kays 1Appendix 4 Operating times for two-phase to ground faults with overcurrent and underimpedance start. The curves are valid ior both CVT and YT. Overcurrent start: Sh SAA aaa ; ie om Minimum operating time Maximum operating time @ Underimpedance start RGZB: (Buitt-in harmonic filter) a 1h Ska fA SA A028 95. as 6 Te es EEE Minimum operating time Maximum operating time ot ay Z Underimpedance start RAKZBt EE Ja 5h wma * GY x ‘ar 7 © tr me 9 oY ae t . Minimum operating tine Maximum operating time . Operating time —--—— ‘Test conditions: Loci of constant fault current - - £-50Hz X§ = source reactance ela XP = fault reactance Xus32chms — Xyg = set operating reactance Ri=3.2chms Ry = set operating resistance KyeAppendix 5 Operating times for three-phase faults with overcurrent and underimpedance start, The curves are valid for both CVT and VT. Overcurrent start: om x % ; of ¢ Minimum operating time Underimpedance start RGZB: (Built-in harmenic filter] 9 a 7 a 5 Minimum operating tisne Underimpedance start RAKZB: ne oor or T e Minimum operating time Operating time 20 $A 2A Maximum operating time WA 58 18 ze a oa 7 v Maximum operating time ‘oF Bo os ar ¥ 0 Maximum operating time Loci of constant fault current - - ~~ F=J0Hz Xs = source reactance the dA Xf = fault reactance X= 32ohms Xj = set operating reactance Ry=3.2ohms Ry = set operating resistance KN 1